id sid tid token lemma pos cord-290548-0wezrr1b 1 1 key key JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 1 2 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 1 3 cord-290548 cord-290548 NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 1 4 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 1 5 0wezrr1b 0wezrr1b CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 1 6 authors author NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 1 7 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 1 8 Watanabe Watanabe NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 1 9 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 1 10 Tokiko Tokiko NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 1 11 ; ; : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 1 12 Kawaoka Kawaoka NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 1 13 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 1 14 Yoshihiro Yoshihiro NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 2 1 title title NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 2 2 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 2 3 Villains villain NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 2 4 or or CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 2 5 heroes hero NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 2 6 ? ? . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 3 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 3 2 raison raison FW cord-290548-0wezrr1b 3 3 d'être d'être FW cord-290548-0wezrr1b 3 4 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 3 5 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 3 6 date date NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 3 7 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 3 8 2020 2020 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 3 9 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 3 10 02 02 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 3 11 - - SYM cord-290548-0wezrr1b 3 12 19 19 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 3 13 journal journal NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 3 14 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 4 1 Clin Clin NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 4 2 Transl Transl NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 4 3 Immunology Immunology NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 4 4 DOI DOI NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 4 5 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 5 1 10.1002 10.1002 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 5 2 / / SYM cord-290548-0wezrr1b 5 3 cti2.1114 cti2.1114 NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 5 4 sha sha NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 5 5 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 6 1 da2e71598a773b197d08b2521a8fb1a2818bdd10 da2e71598a773b197d08b2521a8fb1a2818bdd10 NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 6 2 doc_id doc_id NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 6 3 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 6 4 290548 290548 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 6 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 6 6 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 7 1 0wezrr1b 0wezrr1b NFP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 8 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 8 2 relationship relationship NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 8 3 between between IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 8 4 humans human NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 8 5 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 8 6 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 8 7 has have VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 8 8 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 8 9 long long JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 8 10 history history NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 8 11 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 1 Since since IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 2 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 3 first first JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 4 identification identification NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 5 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 6 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 7 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 8 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 9 19th 19th JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 10 century century NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 11 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 13 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 14 considered consider VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 15 them -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 16 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 17 be be VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 18 ‘ ' `` cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 19 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 20 ’ ' '' cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 21 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 22 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 23 studied study VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 25 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 26 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 27 replication replication NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 28 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 29 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 30 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 31 combat combat VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 32 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 33 diseases disease NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 34 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 35 they -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 36 cause cause VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 9 37 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 1 However however RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 3 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 4 relationships relationship NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 5 between between IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 6 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 7 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 8 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 9 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 10 various various JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 11 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 12 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 13 infections infection NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 14 do do VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 15 not not RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 16 necessarily necessarily RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 17 cause cause VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 18 diseases disease NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 19 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 21 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 10 22 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 1 Rather rather RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 3 recent recent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 4 studies study NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 5 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 6 shown show VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 7 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 8 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 9 infections infection NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 10 sometimes sometimes RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 11 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 12 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 13 effects effect NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 14 on on IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 15 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 16 biological biological JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 17 functions function NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 18 and/or and/or CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 19 evolution evolution NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 20 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 21 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 11 22 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 12 1 Here here RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 12 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 12 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 12 4 provide provide VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 12 5 some some DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 12 6 insight insight NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 12 7 into into IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 12 8 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 12 9 positive positive JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 12 10 side side NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 12 11 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 12 12 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 12 13 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 3 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 4 consist consist VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 5 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 6 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 7 acid acid NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 8 encased encase VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 9 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 10 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 11 protein protein NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 12 shell shell NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 13 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 14 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 15 parasites parasite NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 16 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 17 host host NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 18 organisms organism NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 13 19 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 2 term term NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 3 ' ' `` cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 4 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 5 ' ' '' cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 6 comes come VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 7 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 8 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 9 Latin latin JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 10 word word NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 11 ' ' `` cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 12 venom venom NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 13 ' ' '' cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 14 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 15 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 16 means mean VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 17 poison poison NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 18 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 19 because because IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 20 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 21 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 22 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 23 generally generally RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 24 considered consider VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 25 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 26 be be VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 27 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 28 causative causative JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 29 agent agent NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 30 like like IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 31 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 32 poison poison NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 33 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 34 causes cause VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 35 infectious infectious JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 36 diseases disease NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 14 37 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 1 These these DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 2 tiny tiny JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 3 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 4 living living NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 5 entities entity NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 6 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 7 considerable considerable JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 8 import import NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 9 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 10 because because IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 12 can can MD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 13 cause cause VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 14 substantial substantial JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 15 damage damage NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 16 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 17 humans human NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 18 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 19 non non JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 20 - - JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 21 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 22 animals animal NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 23 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 24 other other JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 25 living live VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 26 organisms organism NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 15 27 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 16 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 16 2 relationship relationship NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 16 3 between between IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 16 4 humankind humankind NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 16 5 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 16 6 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 16 7 has have VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 16 8 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 16 9 long long JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 16 10 history history NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 16 11 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 1 For for IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 2 example example NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 3 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 4 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 5 earliest early JJS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 6 evidence evidence NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 7 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 8 smallpox smallpox NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 9 was be VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 10 found find VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 11 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 12 3000-year 3000-year CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 13 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 14 old old JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 15 Egyptian egyptian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 16 mummies mummy NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 17 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 18 who who WP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 19 had have VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 20 smallpox smallpox NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 21 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 22 like like JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 23 eruptions eruption NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 24 on on IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 26 skins skin NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 17 27 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 18 1 1 1 LS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 2 overall overall JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 3 mortality mortality NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 4 rate rate NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 5 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 6 smallpox smallpox NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 7 was be VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 8 around around RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 9 30 30 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 10 % % NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 11 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 12 2 2 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 13 making make VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 15 one one CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 16 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 17 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 18 most most RBS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 19 feared fear VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 20 infectious infectious JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 21 diseases disease NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 19 22 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 1 In in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 2 1918 1918 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 3 - - SYM cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 4 1919 1919 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 5 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 6 during during IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 7 World World NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 8 War War NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 9 I I NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 10 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 11 influenza influenza NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 12 A a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 13 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 14 caused cause VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 15 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 16 Spanish spanish JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 17 flu flu NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 19 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 20 resulting result VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 21 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 22 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 23 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 24 approximately approximately RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 25 500 500 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 26 million million CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 27 people people NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 28 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 29 more more JJR cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 30 than than IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 31 20 20 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 32 - - SYM cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 33 40 40 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 34 million million CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 35 death death NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 36 worldwide worldwide RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 20 37 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 21 1 3 3 LS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 1 Since since IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 2 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 3 initial initial JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 4 isolation isolation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 5 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 6 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 7 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 8 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 9 19th 19th JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 10 century century NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 11 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 12 scientists scientist NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 13 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 14 identified identify VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 15 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 16 characterised characterise VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 17 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 18 wide wide JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 19 variety variety NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 20 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 21 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 22 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 23 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 24 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 25 field field NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 26 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 27 virology virology NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 28 has have VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 29 progressed progress VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 30 remarkably remarkably RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 31 since since IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 32 then then RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 33 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 34 enabling enable VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 35 us -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 36 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 37 combat combat VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 38 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 39 frequently frequently RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 40 deadly deadly JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 41 effects effect NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 42 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 43 these these DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 44 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 22 45 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 23 1 One one CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 23 2 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 23 3 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 23 4 greatest great JJS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 23 5 achievements achievement NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 23 6 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 23 7 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 23 8 complete complete JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 23 9 eradication eradication NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 23 10 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 23 11 smallpox smallpox NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 23 12 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 1 Although although IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 2 smallpox smallpox NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 3 was be VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 4 once once RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 5 rampant rampant JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 6 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 7 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 8 world world NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 9 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 10 vaccination vaccination NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 11 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 12 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 13 entire entire JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 14 population population NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 15 has have VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 16 eradicated eradicate VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 17 this this DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 18 disease disease NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 24 19 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 25 1 1 1 LS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 26 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 26 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 26 3 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 26 4 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 26 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 26 6 has have VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 26 7 significantly significantly RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 26 8 reduced reduce VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 26 9 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 26 10 incidence incidence NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 26 11 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 26 12 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 26 13 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 27 1 4 4 LS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 1 Despite despite IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 2 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 3 progress progress NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 4 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 5 virology virology NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 6 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 8 still still RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 9 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 10 many many JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 11 unconquered unconquered JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 12 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 13 diseases disease NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 14 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 15 we -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 16 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 17 confronted confront VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 18 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 19 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 20 problem problem NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 21 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 22 emerging emerge VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 23 infectious infectious JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 24 diseases disease NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 25 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 26 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 27 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 28 caused cause VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 29 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 30 newly newly RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 31 identified identify VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 32 species specie NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 33 or or CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 34 strains strain NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 28 35 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 1 For for IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 2 example example NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 3 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 4 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 5 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 6 disease disease NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 7 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 8 acquired acquire VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 9 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 10 syndrome syndrome NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 11 emerged emerge VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 12 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 13 1976 1976 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 14 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 15 1981 1981 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 16 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 17 respectively respectively RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 18 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 19 5 5 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 20 - - SYM cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 21 9 9 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 22 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 23 more more RBR cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 24 recently recently RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 25 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 26 severe severe JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 27 acute acute JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 28 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 29 syndrome syndrome NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 31 SARS SARS NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 33 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 34 highly highly RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 35 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 36 avian avian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 37 influenza influenza NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 38 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 39 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 40 Middle Middle NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 41 East East NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 42 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 43 syndrome syndrome NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 45 MERS MERS NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 47 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 48 appeared appear VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 49 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 50 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 51 society society NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 29 52 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 30 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 30 2 10 10 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 30 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 30 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 30 5 11 11 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 30 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 30 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 30 8 12 12 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 30 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 30 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 30 11 13 13 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 30 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 31 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 31 2 14 14 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 31 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 32 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 32 2 15 15 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 32 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 4 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 5 important important JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 6 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 7 continue continue VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 8 studying study VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 9 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 10 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 11 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 12 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 13 replication replication NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 14 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 15 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 33 16 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 1 Yet yet CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 3 these these DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 4 negative negative JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 5 aspects aspect NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 6 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 7 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 8 do do VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 9 not not RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 10 tell tell VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 11 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 12 whole whole JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 13 story story NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 14 since since IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 15 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 16 relationships relationship NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 17 between between IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 18 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 19 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 20 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 21 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 22 multitudinous multitudinous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 23 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 24 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 25 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 26 infections infection NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 27 do do VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 28 not not RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 29 necessarily necessarily RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 30 lead lead VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 31 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 32 disease disease NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 33 symptoms symptom NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 34 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 35 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 34 36 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 1 Rather rather RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 3 recent recent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 4 studies study NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 5 suggest suggest VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 6 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 7 there there EX cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 8 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 9 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 10 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 11 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 12 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 13 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 14 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 15 biological biological JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 16 functions function NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 17 and/or and/or CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 18 evolution evolution NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 19 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 21 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 35 22 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 1 Recently recently RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 4 established establish VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 5 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 6 research research NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 7 consortium consortium NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 8 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 9 designated designate VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 10 as as IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 11 ' ' `` cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 12 Neo Neo NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 13 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 14 virology virology NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 15 ' ' '' cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 16 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 17 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 18 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 19 supported support VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 20 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 21 Grants grant NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 22 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 23 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 24 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 25 Aid aid NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 26 for for IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 27 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 28 Research Research NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 29 on on IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 30 Innovative Innovative NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 31 Areas Areas NNPS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 32 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 33 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 34 Ministry Ministry NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 35 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 36 Education Education NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 37 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 38 Culture Culture NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 39 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 40 Science Science NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 41 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 42 Sports Sports NNPS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 43 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 44 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 45 Technology Technology NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 47 MEXT MEXT NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 49 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 50 Japan Japan NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 36 51 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 1 In in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 2 this this DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 3 consortium consortium NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 4 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 6 define define VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 7 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 8 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 9 as as IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 10 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 11 component component NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 12 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 13 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 14 global global JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 15 ecosystem ecosystem NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 37 16 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 2 aim aim NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 3 was be VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 4 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 5 elucidate elucidate VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 6 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 7 roles role NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 8 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 9 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 10 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 11 host host NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 12 organisms organism NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 13 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 14 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 15 global global JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 16 ecosystem ecosystem NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 17 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 18 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 19 contrast contrast NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 20 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 21 traditional traditional JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 22 virology virology NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 23 research research NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 24 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 25 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 26 tends tend VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 27 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 28 focus focus VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 29 on on IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 30 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 31 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 32 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 33 cause cause VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 34 diseases disease NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 35 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 36 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 37 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 38 38 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 1 This this DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 2 research research NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 3 project project NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 4 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 5 expected expect VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 6 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 7 develop develop VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 8 into into IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 9 an an DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 10 important important JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 11 scientific scientific JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 12 field field NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 13 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 14 examines examine VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 15 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 16 interactions interaction NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 17 between between IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 18 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 19 global global JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 20 ecosystem ecosystem NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 21 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 22 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 39 23 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 1 In in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 2 this this DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 3 brief brief JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 4 review review NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 5 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 7 give give VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 8 some some DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 9 insights insight NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 10 into into IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 11 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 12 positive positive JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 13 side side NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 14 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 15 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 40 16 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 1 In in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 2 traditional traditional JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 3 virology virology NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 4 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 5 most most JJS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 6 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 7 found find VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 8 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 9 humans human NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 10 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 11 considered consider VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 12 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 13 be be VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 14 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 15 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 17 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 18 ; ; : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 19 however however RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 20 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 21 recent recent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 22 studies study NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 23 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 24 shown show VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 25 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 26 there there EX cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 27 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 28 some some DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 29 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 30 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 31 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 32 symbiotic symbiotic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 33 relationships relationship NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 34 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 35 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 36 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 37 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 38 do do VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 39 not not RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 40 cause cause VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 41 disease disease NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 41 42 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 1 Infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 2 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 3 one one CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 4 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 5 may may MD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 6 protect protect VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 7 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 8 host host NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 9 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 10 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 11 superinfection superinfection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 12 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 13 another another DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 14 pathogen pathogen NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 42 15 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 43 1 Barton Barton NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 43 2 et et NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 43 3 al al NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 43 4 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 1 16 16 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 2 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 3 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 4 latent latent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 5 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 6 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 7 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 8 herpesviruses herpesviruses NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 9 murine murine JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 10 gammaherpesvirus gammaherpesvirus NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 11 68 68 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 12 or or CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 13 murine murine JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 14 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 15 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 16 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 17 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 18 genetically genetically RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 19 related relate VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 20 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 21 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 22 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 23 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 24 Epstein Epstein NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 25 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 26 Barr Barr NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 27 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 28 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 29 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 30 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 31 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 32 respectively respectively RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 33 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 34 led lead VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 35 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 36 crossprotection crossprotection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 37 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 38 mice mouse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 44 39 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 1 Infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 2 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 3 these these DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 4 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 5 induced induce VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 6 prolonged prolonged JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 7 production production NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 8 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 9 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 10 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 11 cytokine cytokine NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 12 interferon interferon NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 13 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 14 gamma gamma NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 15 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 16 systemic systemic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 17 activation activation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 18 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 19 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 20 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 21 protected protect VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 22 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 23 mice mouse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 24 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 25 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 26 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 27 infections infection NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 28 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 29 either either CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 30 Listeria Listeria NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 31 monocytogenes monocytogene NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 32 or or CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 33 Yersinia Yersinia NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 34 pestis pestis NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 45 35 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 46 1 16 16 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 4 has have VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 5 been be VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 6 reported report VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 7 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 8 superinfection superinfection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 9 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 10 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 11 A A NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 12 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 13 suppressed suppress VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 14 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 15 C c NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 16 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 17 replication replication NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 18 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 19 patients patient NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 20 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 21 chronic chronic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 22 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 23 C c NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 24 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 25 at at RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 26 least least RBS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 27 two two CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 28 cases case NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 29 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 30 17 17 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 31 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 32 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 33 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 34 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 35 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 37 HCMV HCMV NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 39 suppressed suppress VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 40 superinfection superinfection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 41 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 42 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 43 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 44 vitro vitro FW cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 45 as as IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 46 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 47 result result NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 48 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 49 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 50 downregulation downregulation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 51 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 52 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 53 expression expression NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 54 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 55 CCR5 CCR5 NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 56 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 57 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 58 co co NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 59 - - NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 60 receptor receptor NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 61 for for IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 62 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 63 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 64 induced induce VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 65 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 66 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 67 HCMV HCMV NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 68 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 47 69 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 48 1 18 18 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 49 1 Some some DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 49 2 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 49 3 also also RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 49 4 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 49 5 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 49 6 effects effect NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 49 7 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 49 8 respect respect NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 49 9 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 49 10 non non JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 49 11 - - JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 49 12 infectious infectious JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 49 13 diseases disease NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 49 14 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 1 Epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 2 studies study NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 4 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 5 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 6 infections infection NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 7 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 8 childhood childhood NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 9 might may MD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 10 confer confer VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 11 protection protection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 12 against against IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 13 some some DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 14 cancers cancer NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 15 later later RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 16 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 17 life life NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 50 18 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 1 For for IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 2 example example NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 3 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 4 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 5 risk risk NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 6 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 7 chronic chronic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 8 lymphoid lymphoid JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 9 leukaemia leukaemia NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 10 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 11 subjects subject NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 12 who who WP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 13 had have VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 14 measles measle NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 15 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 16 childhood childhood NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 17 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 18 relatively relatively RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 19 low low JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 20 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 21 19 19 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 22 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 23 mumps mumps NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 24 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 25 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 26 childhood childhood NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 27 might may MD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 28 protect protect VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 29 against against IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 30 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 31 development development NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 32 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 33 ovarian ovarian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 34 cancer cancer NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 35 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 36 adults adult NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 51 37 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 52 1 20 20 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 1 However however RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 3 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 4 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 5 oncoviruses oncoviruse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 6 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 7 known know VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 8 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 9 increase increase VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 10 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 11 risk risk NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 12 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 13 development development NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 14 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 15 some some DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 16 cancers cancer NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 18 e.g. e.g. DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 19 cervical cervical JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 20 cancer cancer NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 21 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 22 liver liver NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 23 cancer cancer NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 24 induced induce VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 25 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 26 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 27 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 28 papillomavirus papillomavirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 29 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 30 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 31 B B NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 32 virus/ virus/ CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 33 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 34 C c NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 35 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 36 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 37 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 38 respectively respectively RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 53 40 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 54 1 21 21 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 55 1 Such such JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 55 2 information information NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 55 3 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 55 4 important important JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 55 5 when when WRB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 55 6 considering consider VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 55 7 strategies strategy NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 55 8 for for IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 55 9 cancer cancer NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 55 10 immunotherapy immunotherapy NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 55 11 and/or and/or CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 55 12 vaccination vaccination NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 55 13 campaigns campaign NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 55 14 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 1 In in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 2 addition addition NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 3 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 4 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 5 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 6 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 7 non non JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 8 - - JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 9 obese obese JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 10 diabetic diabetic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 11 mice mouse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 12 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 13 lymphocytic lymphocytic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 14 choriomeningitis choriomeningitis NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 15 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 16 prevented prevent VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 17 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 18 infected infected JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 19 mice mouse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 20 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 21 developing develop VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 22 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 23 disease disease NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 24 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 25 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 56 26 type type NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 57 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 57 2 diabetes diabete VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 57 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 57 4 insulin insulin NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 57 5 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 57 6 dependent dependent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 57 7 diabetes diabetes NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 57 8 mellitus mellitus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 57 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 57 10 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 1 22 22 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 3 23 23 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 4 Chronic chronic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 5 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 6 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 7 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 8 mice mouse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 9 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 10 murine murine JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 11 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 13 CMV CMV NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 15 increased increase VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 16 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 17 turnover turnover NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 18 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 19 wound wind VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 20 repair repair NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 21 via via IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 22 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 23 cytokine cytokine NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 24 type type NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 25 I -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 26 interferons interferon NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 28 IFNs IFNs NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 30 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 31 24 24 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 32 but but CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 33 CMV CMV NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 34 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 35 can can MD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 36 promote promote VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 37 cancer cancer NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 38 malignancy malignancy NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 39 ; ; : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 40 this this DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 41 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 42 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 43 known know VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 44 as as IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 45 ' ' `` cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 46 oncomodulation oncomodulation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 47 ' ' '' cord-290548-0wezrr1b 58 48 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 59 1 25 25 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 59 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 59 3 26 26 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 1 Recent recent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 2 metagenomic metagenomic NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 3 studies study NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 4 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 5 revealed reveal VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 6 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 7 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 8 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 9 sometimes sometimes RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 10 confers confer VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 11 benefits benefit NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 12 including include VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 13 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 14 regulation regulation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 15 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 16 microbiota microbiota NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 17 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 18 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 19 gut gut NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 60 20 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 1 Bacteriophages bacteriophage NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 2 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 3 abundant abundant JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 4 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 5 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 6 gut gut NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 7 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 8 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 9 thought think VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 10 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 11 modulate modulate VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 12 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 13 gut gut NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 14 microbiota microbiota NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 15 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 16 infecting infect VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 17 specific specific JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 18 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 19 populations population NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 61 20 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 3 potential potential JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 4 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 5 applications application NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 6 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 7 bacteriophages bacteriophage NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 8 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 9 humans human NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 11 e.g. e.g. RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 12 control control NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 13 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 14 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 15 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 16 resistant resistant JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 17 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 18 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 19 stabilisation stabilisation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 20 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 21 healthy healthy JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 22 gut gut NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 23 microbes microbe NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 25 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 26 been be VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 27 considered consider VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 62 28 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 63 1 27 27 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 63 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 63 3 28 28 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 3 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 4 elucidation elucidation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 5 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 6 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 7 symbiotic symbiotic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 8 effects effect NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 9 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 10 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 11 on on IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 12 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 13 physiological physiological JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 14 functions function NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 15 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 16 immune immune JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 17 responses response NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 18 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 20 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 21 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 22 as as RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 23 well well RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 24 as as IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 25 clarification clarification NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 26 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 27 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 28 functional functional JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 29 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 30 involved involve VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 31 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 32 will will MD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 33 lead lead VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 34 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 35 an an DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 36 understanding understanding NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 37 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 38 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 39 essential essential JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 40 roles role NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 41 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 42 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 43 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 44 regulating regulate VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 45 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 46 biological biological JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 47 processes process NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 48 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 49 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 50 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 64 51 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 1 Retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 2 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 3 found find VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 4 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 5 almost almost RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 6 all all DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 7 mammals mammal NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 8 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 9 other other JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 10 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 11 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 12 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 13 approximately approximately RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 14 8 8 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 15 % % NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 16 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 17 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 18 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 19 genome genome NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 20 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 21 composed compose VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 22 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 23 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 24 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 25 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 26 form form NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 27 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 28 endogenised endogenised JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 29 proviruses provirus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 65 30 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 1 29 29 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 3 30 30 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 4 Given give VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 5 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 6 only only RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 7 about about RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 8 1 1 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 9 % % NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 10 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 11 genomic genomic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 12 DNA dna NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 13 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 14 made make VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 15 up up RP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 16 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 17 protein protein NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 18 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 19 coding code VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 20 genes gene NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 21 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 22 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 23 abundance abundance NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 24 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 25 retrovirus retrovirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 26 sequences sequence NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 27 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 28 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 29 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 30 genome genome NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 31 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 32 remarkable remarkable JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 66 33 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 1 Retrovirus retrovirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 2 sequences sequence NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 3 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 4 conserved conserve VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 5 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 6 humans human NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 7 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 8 other other JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 9 primates primate NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 10 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 11 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 12 therefore therefore RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 13 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 14 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 15 endogenisation endogenisation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 16 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 17 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 18 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 19 thought think VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 20 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 21 have have VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 22 occurred occur VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 23 millions million NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 24 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 25 years year NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 26 ago ago RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 67 27 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 68 1 31 31 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 1 Some some DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 2 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 3 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 4 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 5 been be VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 6 shown show VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 7 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 8 play play VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 9 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 10 roles role NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 11 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 13 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 14 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 15 including include VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 16 host host NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 17 evolution evolution NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 69 18 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 1 For for IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 2 example example NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 3 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 4 envelope envelope NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 5 genes gene NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 6 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 7 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 8 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 9 contribute contribute VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 10 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 11 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 12 formation formation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 13 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 14 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 15 placenta placenta NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 16 during during IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 17 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 18 fusion fusion NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 19 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 20 syncytiotrophoblast syncytiotrophoblast JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 21 cells cell NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 22 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 23 mammals mammal NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 70 24 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 71 1 32 32 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 71 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 71 3 33 33 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 1 In in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 2 addition addition NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 3 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 4 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 5 retroviral retroviral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 6 elements element NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 7 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 8 known know VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 9 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 10 protect protect VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 11 host host NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 12 cells cell NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 13 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 14 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 15 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 16 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 17 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 18 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 19 some some DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 20 mammals mammal NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 72 21 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 73 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 73 2 33 33 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 73 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 73 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 73 5 34 34 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 73 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 73 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 73 8 35 35 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 73 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 1 In in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 2 addition addition NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 3 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 4 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 5 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 6 recent recent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 7 studies study NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 8 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 9 shown show VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 10 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 11 non non JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 12 - - JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 13 retroviral retroviral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 14 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 15 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 16 also also RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 17 endogenised endogenise VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 18 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 19 many many JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 20 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 21 species specie NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 74 22 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 75 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 75 2 36 36 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 75 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 75 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 75 5 37 37 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 75 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 75 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 75 8 38 38 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 75 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 1 For for IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 2 example example NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 3 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 4 Tomonaga Tomonaga NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 5 's 's POS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 6 group group NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 7 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 8 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 9 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 10 one one CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 11 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 12 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 13 research research NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 14 groups group NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 15 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 16 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 17 Neo Neo NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 18 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 19 virology virology NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 20 research research NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 21 consortium consortium NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 22 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 23 discovered discover VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 24 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 25 bornaviruses bornaviruse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 26 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 27 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 28 genus genus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 29 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 30 non non JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 31 - - JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 32 segmented segmented JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 33 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 34 negative negative JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 35 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 36 strand strand NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 37 RNA RNA NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 38 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 39 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 40 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 41 been be VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 42 endogenised endogenise VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 43 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 44 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 45 genomes genome NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 46 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 47 many many JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 48 mammals mammal NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 49 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 50 including include VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 51 humans human NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 76 52 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 77 1 36 36 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 1 Since since IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 2 bornaviruses bornaviruse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 3 do do VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 4 not not RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 5 encode encode VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 6 reverse reverse JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 7 transcriptase transcriptase NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 8 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 9 integrase integrase NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 10 genes gene NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 11 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 12 integration integration NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 13 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 14 bornavirus bornavirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 15 segments segment NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 16 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 17 believed believe VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 18 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 19 be be VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 20 mediated mediate VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 21 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 22 long long JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 23 interspersed intersperse VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 24 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 25 element-1 element-1 NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 27 LINE-1 LINE-1 NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 29 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 30 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 31 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 32 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 33 retrotransposon retrotransposon NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 34 widely widely RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 35 distributed distribute VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 36 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 37 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 38 genomes genome NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 78 39 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 79 1 39 39 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 1 Tomonaga Tomonaga NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 2 's 's POS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 3 group group NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 4 also also RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 5 showed show VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 6 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 7 an an DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 8 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 9 bornavirus bornavirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 10 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 11 like like JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 12 element element NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 13 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 14 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 15 ground ground NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 16 squirrel squirrel NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 17 genome genome NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 18 blocks block VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 19 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 20 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 21 replication replication NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 22 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 23 extant extant JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 24 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 25 bornavirus bornavirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 80 26 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 81 1 40 40 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 1 Together together RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 3 these these DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 4 findings finding NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 5 indicate indicate VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 6 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 7 potential potential JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 8 role role NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 9 for for IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 10 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 11 non non JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 12 - - JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 13 retroviral retroviral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 14 elements element NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 15 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 16 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 17 defence defence NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 82 18 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 1 This this DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 2 group group NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 3 also also RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 4 performed perform VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 5 an an DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 6 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 7 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 8 analysis analysis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 9 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 10 elucidate elucidate VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 11 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 12 functions function NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 13 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 14 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 15 bornavirus bornavirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 16 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 17 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 18 genomes genome NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 83 19 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 84 1 41 41 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 1 Thus thus RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 4 has have VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 5 become become VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 6 apparent apparent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 7 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 8 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 9 large large JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 10 number number NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 11 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 12 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 13 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 14 elements element NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 15 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 16 accumulated accumulate VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 17 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 18 host host NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 19 genomes genome NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 20 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 21 more more JJR cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 22 than than IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 23 previously previously RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 24 expected expect VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 85 25 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 4 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 5 important important JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 6 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 8 understand understand VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 9 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 10 significance significance NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 11 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 12 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 13 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 14 elements element NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 15 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 16 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 17 biological biological JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 18 function function NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 19 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 20 evolution evolution NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 21 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 22 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 86 23 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 2 first first JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 3 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 4 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 5 be be VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 6 identified identify VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 7 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 8 humans human NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 9 was be VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 10 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 11 yellow yellow JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 12 fever fever NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 13 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 14 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 15 1901 1901 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 16 after after IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 17 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 18 discovery discovery NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 19 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 20 tobacco tobacco NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 21 mosaic mosaic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 22 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 23 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 24 1892 1892 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 25 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 26 plants plant NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 27 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 28 footand footand NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 29 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 30 mouth mouth NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 31 disease disease NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 32 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 33 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 34 1898 1898 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 35 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 36 animals animal NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 87 37 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 88 1 42 42 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 1 Since since IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 2 then then RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 3 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 4 new new JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 5 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 6 species specie NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 7 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 8 infect infect VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 9 humans human NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 10 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 11 been be VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 12 identified identify VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 13 almost almost RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 14 every every DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 15 year year NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 89 16 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 90 1 Woolhouse Woolhouse NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 90 2 et et NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 90 3 al al NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 90 4 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 1 43 43 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 2 reviewed review VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 3 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 4 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 5 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 6 had have VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 7 been be VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 8 described describe VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 9 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 10 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 11 literature literature NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 12 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 13 recognised recognise VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 14 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 15 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 16 International International NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 17 Committee Committee NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 18 on on IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 19 Taxonomy Taxonomy NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 20 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 21 Viruses Viruses NNPS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 23 ICTV ICTV NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 25 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 26 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 27 drew draw VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 28 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 29 discovery discovery NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 30 curve curve NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 31 for for IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 32 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 33 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 34 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 35 plotting plot VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 36 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 37 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 38 number number NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 39 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 40 species specie NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 41 reported report VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 42 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 43 infect infect VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 44 humans human NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 45 ; ; : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 46 they -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 47 showed show VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 48 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 49 new new JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 50 species specie NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 51 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 52 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 53 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 54 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 55 been be VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 56 discovered discover VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 57 at at IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 58 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 59 rate rate NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 60 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 61 three three CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 62 or or CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 63 four four CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 64 per per IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 65 year year NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 91 66 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 1 Currently currently RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 3 there there EX cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 4 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 5 approximately approximately RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 6 263 263 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 7 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 8 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 9 25 25 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 10 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 11 families family NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 12 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 13 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 14 known know VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 15 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 16 be be VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 17 able able JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 18 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 19 infect infect VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 20 humans human NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 21 according accord VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 22 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 23 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 24 latest late JJS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 25 ICTV ICTV NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 26 report report NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 92 27 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 93 1 44 44 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 1 In in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 2 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 3 last last JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 4 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 5 few few JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 6 decades decade NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 7 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 8 emerging emerge VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 9 infectious infectious JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 10 diseases disease NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 11 caused cause VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 12 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 13 newly newly RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 14 identified identify VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 15 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 16 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 17 such such JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 18 as as IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 19 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 20 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 21 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 22 5 5 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 23 - - SYM cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 24 8 8 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 25 SARS SARS NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 26 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 27 MERS MERS NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 28 coronaviruses coronaviruses NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 29 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 31 10 10 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 34 11 11 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 37 12 12 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 39 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 40 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 41 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 43 HIV HIV NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 45 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 46 9 9 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 47 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 48 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 49 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 50 Hendra Hendra NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 51 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 52 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 53 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 54 45 45 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 55 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 56 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 57 46 46 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 58 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 59 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 60 47 47 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 61 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 62 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 63 48 48 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 64 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 65 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 66 appeared appear VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 67 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 68 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 69 society society NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 94 70 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 1 Most most RBS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 2 emerging emerge VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 3 infectious infectious JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 4 diseases disease NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 5 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 6 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 7 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 8 caused cause VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 9 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 10 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 11 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 12 originate originate VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 13 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 14 wild wild JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 15 animals animal NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 16 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 17 such such JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 18 as as IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 19 primates primate NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 20 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 21 rodents rodent NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 22 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 23 bats bat NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 25 49 49 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 28 50 50 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 31 51 51 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 33 ; ; : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 34 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 35 particular particular JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 36 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 37 bats bat NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 38 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 39 drawn draw VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 40 attention attention NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 41 because because IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 42 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 43 recent recent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 44 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 45 analysis analysis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 46 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 47 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 48 hostvirus hostvirus NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 49 relationships relationship NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 50 indicated indicate VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 51 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 52 bats bat NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 53 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 54 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 55 significantly significantly RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 56 higher high JJR cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 57 proportion proportion NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 58 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 59 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 60 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 61 than than IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 62 all all DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 63 other other JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 64 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 65 orders order NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 95 66 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 96 1 52 52 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 1 This this DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 2 analysis analysis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 3 was be VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 4 part part NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 5 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 6 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 7 study study NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 8 supported support VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 9 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 10 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 11 United United NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 12 States States NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 13 Agency Agency NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 14 for for IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 15 International International NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 16 Development Development NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 18 USAID USAID NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 97 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 1 Emerging emerge VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 2 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 3 Threats Threats NNPS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 4 PREDICT predict VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 5 programme programme NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 7 https://ohi.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/programs-projects/ https://ohi.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/programs-projects/ TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 8 predict predict VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 9 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 10 project project NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 12 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 13 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 14 was be VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 15 initiated initiate VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 16 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 17 2009 2009 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 18 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 19 working work VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 20 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 21 partners partner NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 22 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 23 over over IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 24 30 30 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 25 countries country NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 26 on on IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 27 global global JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 28 surveillance surveillance NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 29 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 30 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 31 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 32 identify identify VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 33 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 34 monitor monitor VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 35 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 36 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 98 37 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 1 To to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 2 date date NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 3 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 4 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 5 PREDICT PREDICT NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 6 programme programme NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 7 has have VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 8 found find VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 9 over over IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 10 1100 1100 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 11 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 12 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 13 animals animal NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 14 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 15 humans human NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 16 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 17 including include VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 18 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 19 new new JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 20 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 21 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 22 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 23 MERSand mersand CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 24 SARS SARS NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 25 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 26 like like JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 27 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 99 28 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 1 In in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 2 2018 2018 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 3 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 4 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 5 Global Global NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 6 Virome Virome NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 7 Project Project NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 9 http://www.globalviromeproject http://www.globalviromeproject ADD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 10 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 11 org org NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 13 was be VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 14 launched launch VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 15 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 16 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 17 aims aim VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 18 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 19 conduct conduct VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 20 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 21 surveillance surveillance NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 22 on on IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 23 an an DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 24 even even RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 25 larger large JJR cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 26 scale scale NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 27 than than IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 28 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 29 PREDICT PREDICT NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 30 programme programme NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 100 31 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 1 Those those DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 2 involved involve VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 3 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 4 this this DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 5 project project NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 6 estimate estimate NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 7 that~1.67 that~1.67 NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 8 million million CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 9 yet yet RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 10 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 11 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 12 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 13 be be VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 14 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 15 discovered discover VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 16 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 17 species specie NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 18 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 19 key key JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 20 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 21 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 22 families family NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 23 exist exist VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 24 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 25 mammal mammal NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 26 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 27 avian avian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 28 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 29 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 30 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 31 expect expect VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 32 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 33 631 631 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 34 000 000 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 35 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 36 827 827 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 37 000 000 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 38 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 39 these these DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 40 unknown unknown JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 41 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 42 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 43 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 44 potential potential NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 101 45 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 102 1 44 44 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 1 In in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 2 addition addition NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 3 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 4 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 5 surveillance surveillance NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 6 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 7 mammals mammal NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 8 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 9 avian avian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 10 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 11 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 12 Zhang Zhang NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 13 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 14 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 15 's 's POS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 16 group group NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 17 recently recently RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 18 conducted conduct VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 19 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 20 screen screen NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 21 for for IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 23 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 24 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 25 diverse diverse JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 26 host host NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 27 species specie NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 29 more more JJR cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 30 than than IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 31 186 186 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 32 species specie NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 33 other other JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 34 than than IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 35 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 36 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 37 avian avian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 38 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 40 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 41 identified identify VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 42 about about RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 43 200 200 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 44 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 45 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 46 associated associate VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 47 RNA RNA NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 48 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 49 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 50 fishes fish NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 51 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 52 reptiles reptile NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 53 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 54 amphibians amphibian NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 103 55 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 104 1 53 53 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 2 also also RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 3 found find VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 4 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 5 vertebrate vertebrate NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 6 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 7 specific specific JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 8 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 9 families family NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 10 or or CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 11 genera genera VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 12 known know VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 13 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 14 infect infect VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 15 mammals mammal NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 16 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 17 birds bird NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 18 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 19 including include VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 20 influenza influenza NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 21 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 22 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 23 filoviruses filovirus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 24 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 25 hantaviruses hantaviruse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 26 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 27 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 28 also also RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 29 present present JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 30 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 31 amphibians amphibian NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 32 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 33 reptiles reptile NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 34 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 35 fish fish NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 105 36 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 106 1 53 53 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 1 In in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 2 addition addition NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 3 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 4 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 5 identification identification NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 6 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 7 new new JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 8 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 9 species species NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 10 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 11 diverse diverse JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 12 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 13 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 14 new new JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 15 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 16 lifestyles lifestyle NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 17 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 18 also also RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 19 been be VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 20 found find VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 21 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 22 nature nature NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 107 23 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 1 Suzuki Suzuki NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 2 's 's POS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 3 group group NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 4 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 5 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 6 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 7 one one CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 8 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 9 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 10 groups group NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 11 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 13 Neo Neo NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 14 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 15 virology virology NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 16 research research NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 17 consortium consortium NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 18 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 19 recently recently RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 20 reported report VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 21 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 22 new new JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 23 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 24 lifestyle lifestyle NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 25 exhibited exhibit VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 26 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 27 two two CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 29 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 30 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 31 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 32 double double RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 33 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 34 stranded stranded JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 36 ds ds NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 38 RNA RNA NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 39 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 41 yado yado NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 42 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 43 nushi nushi VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 44 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 45 1 1 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 46 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 47 YnV1 YnV1 NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 49 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 50 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 51 positive positive JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 52 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 53 sense sense NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 54 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 55 single single RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 56 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 57 stranded stranded JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 58 [ [ -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 60 + + JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 62 ss ss NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 63 ] ] -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 64 RNA RNA NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 65 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 66 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 67 yado yado FW cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 68 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 69 kari kari FW cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 70 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 71 1 1 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 72 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 73 YkV1 ykv1 NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 74 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 75 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 76 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 77 phytopathogenic phytopathogenic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 78 fungus fungus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 79 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 80 Rosellinia Rosellinia NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 81 necatrix necatrix NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 108 82 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 109 1 54 54 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 2 found find VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 3 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 4 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 6 + + NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 8 ssRNA ssRNA -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 9 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 11 YkV1 ykv1 NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 13 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 14 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 15 does do VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 16 not not RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 17 have have VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 19 own own JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 20 capsid capsid NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 21 protein protein NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 22 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 23 hijacks hijack VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 24 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 25 capsid capsid JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 26 protein protein NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 27 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 28 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 29 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 30 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 32 YnV1 YnV1 NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 34 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 35 replicate replicate VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 110 36 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 111 1 55 55 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 111 2 _SP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 2 world world NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 3 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 4 made make VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 5 up up RP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 6 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 7 vastly vastly RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 8 different different JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 9 physical physical JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 10 environments environment NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 11 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 12 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 13 various various JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 14 organisms organism NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 15 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 16 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 17 adapted adapt VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 18 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 19 live live VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 20 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 21 those those DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 22 environments environment NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 112 23 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 2 complex complex JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 3 interactions interaction NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 4 between between IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 5 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 6 living living NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 7 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 8 nonliving nonlive VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 9 components component NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 10 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 11 these these DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 12 environments environment NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 13 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 14 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 15 basis basis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 16 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 17 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 18 global global JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 19 ecosystem ecosystem NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 113 20 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 1 Various various JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 2 schemes scheme NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 3 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 4 been be VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 5 proposed propose VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 6 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 7 classify classify VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 8 living live VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 9 organisms organism NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 10 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 11 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 12 one one NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 13 most most RBS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 14 often often RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 15 used use VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 16 currently currently RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 17 defines define VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 18 all all DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 19 living live VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 20 organisms organism NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 21 as as IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 22 archaea archaea NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 23 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 24 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 25 or or CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 26 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 114 27 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 115 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 115 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 115 3 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 115 4 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 115 5 not not RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 115 6 considered consider VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 115 7 living live VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 115 8 components component NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 115 9 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 115 10 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 115 11 global global JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 115 12 ecosystem ecosystem NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 115 13 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 1 Given give VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 2 that that IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 3 approximately approximately RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 4 10 10 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 5 31 31 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 6 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 7 particles particle NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 8 exist exist VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 9 on on IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 10 Earth Earth NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 11 56,57 56,57 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 12 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 13 all all DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 14 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 15 them -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 16 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 17 parasitic parasitic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 18 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 19 living live VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 20 organisms organism NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 21 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 23 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 24 not not RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 25 hard hard JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 26 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 27 imagine imagine VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 28 how how WRB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 29 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 30 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 31 might may MD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 32 affect affect VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 33 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 34 physiological physiological JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 35 functions function NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 36 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 37 both both DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 38 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 39 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 40 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 41 ecosystem ecosystem NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 116 42 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 1 Although although IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 2 ' ' `` cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 3 traditional traditional JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 4 ' ' '' cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 5 virology virology NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 6 research research NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 7 tends tend VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 8 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 9 focus focus VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 10 on on IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 11 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 12 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 13 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 14 cause cause VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 15 diseases disease NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 16 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 18 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 19 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 20 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 21 recent recent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 22 progress progress NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 23 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 24 next next JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 25 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 26 generation generation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 27 sequencing sequencing NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 29 NGS NGS NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 31 technologies technology NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 32 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 33 data data NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 34 analyses analysis NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 35 has have VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 36 enabled enable VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 37 us -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 38 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 39 discover discover VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 40 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 41 wide wide JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 42 variety variety NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 43 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 44 new new JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 45 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 46 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 47 some some DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 48 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 49 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 50 do do VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 51 not not RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 52 cause cause VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 53 diseases disease NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 54 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 55 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 56 hosts host NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 117 57 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 1 Some some DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 2 obstacles obstacle NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 3 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 4 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 5 virome virome NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 6 analyses analysis NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 7 remain remain VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 8 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 9 such such JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 10 as as IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 11 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 12 dark dark JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 13 matter matter NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 14 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 15 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 16 are be VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 17 sequences sequence NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 18 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 19 originate originate VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 20 during during IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 21 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 22 metagenomics metagenomic NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 23 but but CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 24 can can MD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 25 not not RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 26 be be VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 27 aligned align VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 28 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 29 any any DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 30 reference reference NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 31 sequences sequence NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 32 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 33 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 118 34 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 119 1 58 58 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 1 Nonetheless nonetheless RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 3 recent recent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 4 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 5 metagenomic metagenomic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 6 studies study NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 7 using use VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 8 NGS NGS NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 9 technologies technology NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 10 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 11 bioinformatic bioinformatic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 12 analyses analysis NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 13 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 14 identified identify VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 15 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 16 large large JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 17 number number NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 18 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 19 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 20 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 21 environmental environmental JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 22 samples sample NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 23 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 24 including include VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 25 plants plant NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 26 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 27 oceans ocean NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 120 28 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 1 59 59 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 2 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 3 60 60 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 4 Characterisation Characterisation NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 5 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 6 these these DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 7 newly newly RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 8 identified identify VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 9 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 10 may may MD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 11 provide provide VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 12 new new JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 13 insight insight NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 14 into into IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 15 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 16 significance significance NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 17 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 18 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 19 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 20 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 21 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 22 mediated mediate VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 23 processes process NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 24 within within IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 25 global global JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 26 ecosystems ecosystem NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 121 27 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 122 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 122 2 history history NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 122 3 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 122 4 smallpox smallpox NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 122 5 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 122 6 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 122 7 spread spread NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 122 8 around around IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 122 9 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 122 10 world world NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 1 On on IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 2 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 3 origin origin NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 4 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 5 smallpox smallpox NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 6 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 7 Correlating correlate VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 8 variola variola JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 9 phylogenics phylogenic NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 10 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 11 historical historical JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 12 smallpox smallpox NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 13 records record NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 14 Integrating integrate VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 15 historical historical JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 16 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 17 clinical clinical JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 18 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 19 molecular molecular JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 20 genetic genetic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 21 data datum NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 22 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 23 order order NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 24 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 25 explain explain VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 26 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 27 origin origin NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 28 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 29 virulence virulence NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 30 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 31 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 32 1918 1918 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 33 Spanish spanish JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 34 influenza influenza NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 35 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 36 From from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 37 emergence emergence NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 38 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 39 eradication eradication NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 40 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 41 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 42 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 43 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 44 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 45 deconstructed deconstruct VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 46 Isolation Isolation NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 47 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 48 partial partial JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 49 characterisation characterisation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 50 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 51 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 52 new new JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 53 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 54 causing cause VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 55 acute acute JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 56 haemorrhagic haemorrhagic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 57 fever fever NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 58 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 59 Zaire Zaire NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 60 Viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 61 haemorrhagic haemorrhagic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 62 fever fever NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 63 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 64 southern southern JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 65 Sudan Sudan NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 66 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 67 northern northern JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 68 Zaire Zaire NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 69 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 70 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 71 studies study NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 72 on on IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 73 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 74 aetiological aetiological JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 75 agent agent NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 76 Isolation Isolation NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 77 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 78 Marburg Marburg NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 79 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 80 like like JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 81 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 82 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 83 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 84 case case NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 85 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 86 haemorrhagic haemorrhagic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 87 fever fever NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 88 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 89 Zaire Zaire NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 90 Commission Commission NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 91 R R NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 92 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 93 an an DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 94 I. I. NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 95 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 96 haemorrhagic haemorrhagic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 97 fever fever NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 98 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 99 Zaire Zaire NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 100 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 101 at at IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 102 25 25 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 103 Isolation isolation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 104 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 105 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 106 novel novel JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 107 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 108 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 109 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 110 man man NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 111 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 112 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 113 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 114 Saudi Saudi NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 115 Arabia Arabia NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 116 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 117 as as IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 118 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 119 possible possible JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 120 cause cause NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 121 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 122 severe severe JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 123 acute acute JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 124 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 125 syndrome syndrome NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 126 Identification identification NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 127 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 128 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 129 novel novel JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 130 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 131 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 132 patients patient NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 133 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 134 severe severe JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 135 acute acute JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 136 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 123 137 syndrome syndrome NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 124 1 A a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 124 2 pandemic pandemic NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 124 3 warning warning NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 124 4 ? ? . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 1 Clinical clinical JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 2 features feature NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 3 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 4 rapid rapid JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 5 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 6 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 7 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 8 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 9 disease disease NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 10 associated associate VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 11 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 12 avian avian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 13 influenza influenza NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 14 A a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 15 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 16 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 17 Characterization characterization NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 18 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 19 an an DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 20 avian avian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 21 influenza influenza NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 22 A a NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 24 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 26 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 27 isolated isolate VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 28 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 29 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 30 child child NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 31 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 32 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 33 fatal fatal JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 34 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 35 illness illness NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 36 Herpesvirus Herpesvirus NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 37 latency latency NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 38 confers confer VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 39 symbiotic symbiotic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 40 protection protection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 41 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 42 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 125 43 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 1 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 2 A a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 3 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 4 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 5 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 6 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 7 C c NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 8 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 9 replication replication NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 10 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 11 may may MD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 12 lead lead VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 13 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 14 clearance clearance NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 15 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 16 HCV HCV NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 17 Human Human NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 18 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 19 modulation modulation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 20 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 21 CCR5 ccr5 JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 22 expression expression NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 23 on on IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 24 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 25 cells cell NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 26 affects affect VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 27 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 28 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 29 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 30 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 31 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 32 type type NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 33 1 1 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 126 34 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 1 Childhood childhood NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 2 infectious infectious JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 3 diseases disease NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 4 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 5 risk risk NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 6 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 7 leukaemia leukaemia NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 8 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 9 an an DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 10 adult adult NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 11 population population NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 12 Mumps mumps NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 13 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 14 ovarian ovarian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 15 cancer cancer NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 127 16 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 1 modern modern JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 2 interpretation interpretation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 3 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 4 an an DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 5 historic historic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 6 association association NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 7 Early early JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 8 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 9 life life NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 10 exposures exposure NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 11 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 12 infectious infectious JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 13 agents agent NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 14 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 15 later later JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 16 cancer cancer NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 17 development development NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 18 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 19 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 20 type type NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 21 I -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 22 diabetes diabete VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 23 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 24 nonobese nonobese JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 25 diabetic diabetic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 26 mice mouse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 27 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 28 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 29 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 30 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 31 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 32 nonobese nonobese JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 33 insulindependent insulindependent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 34 diabetes diabetes NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 35 mice mouse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 36 with with IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 37 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 38 prevents prevent VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 39 insulindependent insulindependent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 40 diabetes diabetes NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 41 mellitus mellitus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 42 while while IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 43 maintaining maintain VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 44 general general JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 45 immune immune JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 46 competence competence NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 47 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 48 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 49 initial initial JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 50 discovery discovery NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 52 1 1 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 53 - - SYM cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 54 3 3 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 56 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 57 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 58 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 59 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 60 present present JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 62 4 4 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 63 - - SYM cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 64 6 6 CD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 66 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 67 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 68 have have VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 69 been be VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 70 known know VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 128 71 as as IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 129 1 agent agent NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 129 2 Type Type NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 129 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 129 4 interferons interferon NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 129 5 link link VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 129 6 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 129 7 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 129 8 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 129 9 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 129 10 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 129 11 turnover turnover NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 129 12 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 129 13 repair repair NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 130 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 130 2 story story NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 130 3 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 130 4 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 130 5 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 130 6 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 130 7 cancer cancer NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 130 8 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 130 9 increasing increase VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 130 10 evidence evidence NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 130 11 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 130 12 open open JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 130 13 questions question NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 2 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 3 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 4 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 5 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 6 oncomodulation oncomodulation NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 7 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 8 oncogenesis oncogenesis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 9 Phage Phage NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 10 therapy therapy NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 11 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 12 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 13 renewed renew VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 14 approach approach NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 15 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 16 combat combat VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 17 antibioticresistant antibioticresistant NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 131 18 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 132 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 132 2 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 132 3 gut gut NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 132 4 microbiota microbiota NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 132 5 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 132 6 virome virome NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 132 7 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 132 8 potential potential JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 132 9 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 132 10 implications implication NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 1 Initial initial JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 2 sequencing sequencing NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 3 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 4 analysis analysis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 5 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 6 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 7 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 8 genome genome NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 9 Effects effect NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 10 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 11 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 12 on on IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 13 host host NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 14 genome genome NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 133 15 function function NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 1 Virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 2 evolution evolution NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 3 Syncytin Syncytin NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 4 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 5 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 6 captive captive JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 7 retroviral retroviral NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 8 envelope envelope NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 9 protein protein NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 10 involved involve VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 11 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 12 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 13 placental placental NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 14 morphogenesis morphogenesis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 15 Paleovirology paleovirology NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 16 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 17 virally virally RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 18 derived derive VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 19 immunity immunity NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 20 Studies study NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 21 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 22 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 23 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 24 reveal reveal VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 25 a a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 26 continuing continue VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 27 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 134 28 saga saga NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 1 Late late JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 2 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 3 interference interference NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 4 induced induce VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 5 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 6 transdominant transdominant JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 7 Gag Gag NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 8 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 9 an an DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 10 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 11 retrovirus retrovirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 12 Endogenous Endogenous NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 13 nonretroviral nonretroviral NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 15 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 16 elements element NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 17 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 18 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 19 genomes genome NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 20 Unexpected unexpected JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 21 inheritance inheritance NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 22 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 23 multiple multiple JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 24 integrations integration NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 25 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 26 ancient ancient JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 27 bornavirus bornavirus NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 28 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 29 ebolavirus ebolavirus NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 30 / / SYM cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 31 marburgvirus marburgvirus JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 32 sequences sequence NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 33 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 34 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 35 genomes genome NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 36 Endogenous endogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 37 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 38 elements element NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 39 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 40 animal animal NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 41 genomes genome NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 42 Comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 43 analysis analysis NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 44 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 45 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 46 bornavirus bornavirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 47 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 48 like like JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 49 elements element NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 50 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 51 eukaryote eukaryote NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 52 genomes genome NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 53 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 54 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 55 Borna Borna NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 56 disease disease NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 57 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 58 replication replication NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 59 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 60 an an DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 61 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 62 bornavirus bornavirus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 63 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 64 like like JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 65 element element NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 66 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 67 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 68 ground ground NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 69 squirrel squirrel NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 70 genome genome NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 71 Paleovirology paleovirology NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 72 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 73 bornaviruses bornaviruse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 74 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 75 What what WP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 76 can can MD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 77 be be VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 78 learned learn VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 79 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 80 molecular molecular JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 81 fossils fossil NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 82 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 83 bornaviruses bornaviruses NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 84 Virology Virology NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 85 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 86 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 87 contagium contagium NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 88 fluidum fluidum NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 89 to to TO cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 90 virome virome NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 91 Human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 92 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 93 : : : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 94 discovery discovery NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 95 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 135 96 emeraence emeraence NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 136 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 136 2 global global JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 136 3 virome virome NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 136 4 project project NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 137 1 A a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 137 2 morbillivirus morbillivirus NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 137 3 that that WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 137 4 caused cause VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 137 5 fatal fatal JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 137 6 disease disease NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 137 7 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 137 8 horses horse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 137 9 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 137 10 humans human NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 2 Authors author NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 3 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 4 natural natural JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 5 history history NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 6 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 7 Hendra Hendra NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 8 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 9 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 10 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 11 Outbreak Outbreak NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 12 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 13 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 14 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 15 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 16 infection infection NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 17 among among IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 18 abattoir abattoir NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 19 workers worker NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 20 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 21 Singapore Singapore NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 22 Fatal Fatal NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 23 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 24 due due IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 25 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 26 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 27 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 28 among among IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 29 pig pig NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 30 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 31 farmers farmer NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 32 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 33 Malaysia Malaysia NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 34 Host Host NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 35 range range NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 36 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 37 emerging emerge VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 38 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 39 reemerging reemerge VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 40 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 41 Global global JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 42 trends trend NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 43 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 44 emerging emerge VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 45 infectious infectious JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 46 diseases disease NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 47 Risk risk NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 48 factors factor NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 49 for for IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 50 human human JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 51 disease disease NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 52 emergence emergence NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 53 Host Host NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 54 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 55 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 56 traits trait NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 57 predict predict VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 58 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 59 spillover spillover NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 60 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 138 61 mammals mammal NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 139 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 139 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 139 3 history history NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 139 4 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 139 5 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 139 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 139 7 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 139 8 Chapter chapter NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 139 9 sevenviruses sevenviruse NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 139 10 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 139 11 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 139 12 white white JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 139 13 root root NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 140 1 rot rot VB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 140 2 fungus fungus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 140 3 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 140 4 Rosellinia Rosellinia NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 140 5 necatrix necatrix NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 141 1 A a DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 141 2 capsidless capsidless NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 141 3 ssRNA ssRNA '' cord-290548-0wezrr1b 141 4 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 141 5 hosted host VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 141 6 by by IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 141 7 an an DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 141 8 unrelated unrelated JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 141 9 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 141 10 virus virus NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 142 1 The the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 142 2 gene gene NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 142 3 weavers weaver NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 142 4 Marine marine JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 142 5 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 1 -major -major : cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 2 players player NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 3 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 4 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 5 global global JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 6 ecosystem ecosystem NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 7 Origins Origins NNPS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 8 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 9 challenges challenge NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 10 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 11 viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 12 dark dark JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 13 matter matter NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 14 Metagenomics metagenomic NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 15 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 16 plant plant NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 17 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 18 fungal fungal JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 19 viruses virus NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 20 reveals reveal VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 21 an an DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 22 abundance abundance NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 23 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 24 persistent persistent JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 143 25 lifestyles lifestyle NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 144 1 Viral viral JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 144 2 macro macro NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 144 3 - - HYPH cord-290548-0wezrr1b 144 4 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 144 5 micro micro JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 144 6 - - NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 144 7 diversity diversity NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 144 8 from from IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 144 9 pole pole NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 144 10 to to IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 144 11 pole pole NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 145 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 145 2 thank thank VBP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 145 3 Susan Susan NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 145 4 Watson Watson NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 145 5 for for IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 145 6 editing edit VBG cord-290548-0wezrr1b 145 7 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 145 8 manuscript manuscript NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 145 9 . . . cord-290548-0wezrr1b 145 10 _SP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 1 This this DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 2 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 3 an an DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 4 open open JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 5 access access NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 6 article article NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 7 under under IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 8 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 9 terms term NNS cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 10 of of IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 11 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 12 Creative Creative NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 13 Commons Commons NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 14 Attribution Attribution NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 15 License License NNP cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 16 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 17 which which WDT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 18 permits permit VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 19 use use NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 20 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 21 distribution distribution NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 22 and and CC cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 23 reproduction reproduction NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 24 in in IN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 25 any any DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 26 medium medium NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 27 , , , cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 28 provided provide VBD cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 29 the the DT cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 30 original original JJ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 31 work work NN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 32 is be VBZ cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 33 properly properly RB cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 34 cited cite VBN cord-290548-0wezrr1b 146 35 . . .