id sid tid token lemma pos cord-288231-vg8bwed9 1 1 key key NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 1 2 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 1 cord-288231-vg8bwed9 cord-288231-vg8bwed9 JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 2 authors author NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 3 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 4 Haagmans Haagmans NNPS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 5 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 6 Bart Bart NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 7 L. L. NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 8 ; ; : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 9 Andeweg Andeweg NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 10 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 11 Arno Arno NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 12 C. C. NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 13 ; ; : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 14 Osterhaus Osterhaus NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 15 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 16 Albert Albert NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 17 D. D. NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 18 M. M. NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 19 E. E. NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 20 title title NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 21 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 22 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 23 Application Application NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 24 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 25 Genomics Genomics NNPS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 26 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 27 Emerging Emerging NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 28 Zoonotic Zoonotic NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 29 Viral Viral NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 30 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 31 date date NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 32 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 33 2009 2009 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 34 - - SYM cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 35 10 10 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 36 - - SYM cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 37 26 26 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 38 journal journal NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 39 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 40 PLoS PLoS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 41 Pathog Pathog NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 42 DOI DOI NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 43 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 44 10.1371 10.1371 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 45 / / SYM cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 46 journal.ppat.1000557 journal.ppat.1000557 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 47 sha sha NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 48 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 49 faced14dbb3af799525a67f97bd6d5b904a365e3 faced14dbb3af799525a67f97bd6d5b904a365e3 XX cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 50 doc_id doc_id CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 2 51 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 3 1 288231 288231 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 3 2 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 3 3 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 1 vg8bwed9 vg8bwed9 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 2 Interspecies Interspecies NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 3 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 4 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 6 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 7 result result VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 8 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 9 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 10 emergence emergence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 11 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 12 new new JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 13 infectious infectious JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 14 diseases disease NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 15 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 16 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 17 as as RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 18 well well RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 19 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 20 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 21 domestic domestic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 22 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 23 wild wild JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 24 animals animal NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 4 25 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 1 Genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 2 tools tool NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 3 such such JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 4 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 5 high high JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 6 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 7 throughput throughput NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 8 sequencing sequencing NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 9 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 10 mRNA mrna NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 11 expression expression NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 12 profiling profiling NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 13 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 14 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 15 microarray microarray NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 16 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 17 based base VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 18 analysis analysis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 19 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 20 single single JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 21 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 22 polymorphisms polymorphism NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 23 are be VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 24 providing provide VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 25 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 26 ways way NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 27 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 28 analyze analyze VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 29 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 30 diversity diversity NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 31 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 32 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 33 genomes genome NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 34 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 35 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 36 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 37 as as RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 38 well well RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 39 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 40 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 41 molecular molecular JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 42 basis basis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 43 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 44 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 45 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 46 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 47 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 48 them -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 5 49 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 1 By by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 2 comparing compare VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 3 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 4 contrasting contrast VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 5 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 6 outcomes outcome NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 7 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 8 an an DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 9 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 10 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 11 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 12 those those DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 13 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 14 closely closely RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 15 related related JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 16 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 17 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 18 different different JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 19 but but CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 20 related related JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 21 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 22 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 23 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 24 we -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 25 can can MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 26 further further RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 27 delineate delineate VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 28 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 29 various various JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 30 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 31 pathways pathway NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 32 determining determine VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 33 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 34 outcome outcome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 35 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 36 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 37 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 38 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 39 adaptation adaptation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 40 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 41 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 42 newly newly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 43 invaded invade VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 44 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 6 45 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 2 ultimate ultimate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 3 challenge challenge NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 4 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 5 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 6 link link VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 7 pathogen pathogen NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 8 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 9 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 10 genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 11 data datum NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 12 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 13 biological biological JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 14 outcomes outcome NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 15 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 16 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 17 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 18 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 19 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 20 translate translate VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 21 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 22 integrated integrate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 23 data datum NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 24 into into IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 25 novel novel JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 26 intervention intervention NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 27 strategies strategy NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 28 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 29 eventually eventually RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 30 will will MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 31 allow allow VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 32 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 33 effective effective JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 34 control control NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 35 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 36 newly newly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 37 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 38 infectious infectious JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 39 diseases disease NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 7 40 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 1 result result VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 2 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 3 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 4 emergence emergence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 5 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 6 new new JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 7 infectious infectious JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 8 diseases disease NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 9 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 10 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 11 as as RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 12 well well RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 13 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 14 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 15 domestic domestic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 16 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 17 wild wild JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 18 animals animal NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 8 19 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 1 Genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 2 tools tool NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 3 such such JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 4 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 5 high high JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 6 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 7 throughput throughput NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 8 sequencing sequencing NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 9 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 10 mRNA mrna NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 11 expression expression NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 12 profiling profiling NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 13 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 14 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 15 microarray microarray NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 16 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 17 based base VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 18 analysis analysis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 19 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 20 single single JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 21 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 22 polymorphisms polymorphism NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 23 are be VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 24 providing provide VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 25 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 26 ways way NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 27 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 28 analyze analyze VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 29 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 30 diversity diversity NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 31 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 32 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 33 genomes genome NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 34 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 35 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 36 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 37 as as RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 38 well well RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 39 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 40 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 41 molecular molecular JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 42 basis basis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 43 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 44 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 45 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 46 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 47 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 48 them -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 9 49 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 1 By by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 2 comparing compare VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 3 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 4 contrasting contrast VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 5 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 6 outcomes outcome NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 7 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 8 an an DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 9 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 10 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 11 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 12 those those DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 13 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 14 closely closely RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 15 related related JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 16 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 17 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 18 different different JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 19 but but CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 20 related related JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 21 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 22 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 23 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 24 we -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 25 can can MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 26 further further RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 27 delineate delineate VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 28 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 29 various various JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 30 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 31 pathways pathway NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 32 determining determine VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 33 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 34 outcome outcome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 35 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 36 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 37 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 38 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 39 adaptation adaptation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 40 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 41 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 42 newly newly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 43 invaded invade VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 44 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 10 45 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 2 ultimate ultimate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 3 challenge challenge NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 4 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 5 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 6 link link VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 7 pathogen pathogen NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 8 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 9 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 10 genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 11 data datum NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 12 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 13 biological biological JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 14 outcomes outcome NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 15 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 16 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 17 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 18 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 19 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 20 translate translate VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 21 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 22 integrated integrate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 23 data datum NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 24 into into IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 25 novel novel JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 26 intervention intervention NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 27 strategies strategy NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 28 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 29 eventually eventually RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 30 will will MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 31 allow allow VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 32 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 33 effective effective JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 34 control control NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 35 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 36 newly newly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 37 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 38 infectious infectious JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 39 diseases disease NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 11 40 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 1 Most Most JJS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 2 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 3 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 4 well well RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 5 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 6 known know VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 7 human human NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 8 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 9 persist persist VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 10 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 11 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 12 population population NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 13 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 14 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 15 relatively relatively RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 16 long long JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 17 time time NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 18 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 19 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 20 coevolution coevolution NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 21 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 22 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 23 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 24 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 26 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 27 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 28 has have VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 29 resulted result VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 30 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 31 an an DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 32 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 33 characterized characterize VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 34 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 35 coexistence coexistence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 36 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 37 often often RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 38 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 39 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 40 absence absence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 41 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 42 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 43 measurable measurable JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 44 disease disease NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 45 burden burden NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 12 46 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 1 When when WRB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 2 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 3 cross cross VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 4 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 5 species species NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 6 barrier barrier NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 7 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 8 however however RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 9 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 10 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 11 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 12 can can MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 13 be be VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 14 devastating devastating JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 15 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 16 causing cause VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 17 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 18 high high JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 19 disease disease NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 20 burden burden NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 21 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 22 mortality mortality NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 13 23 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 1 In in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 2 recent recent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 3 years year NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 4 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 5 several several JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 6 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 7 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 8 infectious infectious JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 9 diseases disease NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 10 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 11 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 12 linked link VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 13 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 14 such such PDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 15 an an DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 16 initial initial JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 17 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 18 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 20 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 21 animal animal NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 22 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 23 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 24 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 26 have have VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 27 highlighted highlight VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 28 this this DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 29 problem problem NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 14 30 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 1 Factors factor NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 2 related relate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 3 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 5 increasingly increasingly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 6 globalized globalize VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 7 society society NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 8 have have VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 9 contributed contribute VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 10 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 11 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 12 apparently apparently RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 13 increased increase VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 14 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 15 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 16 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 17 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 18 animals animal NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 19 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 20 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 21 over over IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 22 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 23 past past JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 24 decades decade NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 25 ; ; : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 26 these these DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 27 include include VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 28 changes change NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 29 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 30 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 31 factors factor NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 32 such such JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 33 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 34 increased increase VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 35 mobility mobility NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 36 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 37 demographic demographic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 38 changes change NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 39 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 40 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 41 exploitation exploitation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 42 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 43 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 44 environment environment NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 46 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 47 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 48 review review NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 49 see see VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 50 Osterhaus Osterhaus NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 52 1 1 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 54 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 55 Kuiken Kuiken NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 56 et et FW cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 57 al al NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 15 58 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 16 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 16 2 2 2 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 16 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 16 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 16 5 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 17 1 Environmental environmental JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 17 2 factors factor NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 17 3 also also RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 17 4 play play VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 17 5 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 17 6 direct direct JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 17 7 role role NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 17 8 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 17 9 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 17 10 many many JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 17 11 examples example NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 17 12 exist exist VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 17 13 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 2 recently recently RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 3 increased increase VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 4 distribution distribution NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 5 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 6 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 7 arthropod arthropod NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 9 mosquito mosquito NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 11 vector vector NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 12 Aedes Aedes NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 13 aegypti aegypti NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 14 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 15 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 16 example example NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 17 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 18 has have VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 19 led lead VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 20 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 21 massive massive JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 22 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 23 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 24 dengue dengue NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 25 fever fever NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 26 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 27 South South NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 28 America America NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 29 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 30 Southeast Southeast NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 31 Asia Asia NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 18 32 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 1 Intense intense JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 2 pig pig NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 3 farming farming NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 4 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 5 areas area NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 6 where where WRB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 7 frugivorous frugivorous JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 8 bats bat NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 9 are be VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 10 common common JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 11 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 12 probably probably RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 13 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 14 direct direct JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 15 cause cause NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 16 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 17 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 18 introduction introduction NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 19 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 20 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 21 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 22 into into IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 23 pig pig NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 24 populations population NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 25 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 26 Malaysia Malaysia NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 27 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 28 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 29 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 30 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 31 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 32 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 19 33 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 1 Bats bat NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 2 are be VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 3 an an DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 4 important important JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 5 reservoir reservoir NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 6 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 7 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 8 plethora plethora NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 9 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 10 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 11 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 12 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 13 two two CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 14 closely closely RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 15 related relate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 16 paramyxoviruses paramyxovirus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 17 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 18 Hendra Hendra NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 19 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 20 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 21 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 22 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 23 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 24 cause cause VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 25 persistent persistent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 26 infections infection NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 27 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 28 frugivorous frugivorous JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 29 bats bat NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 30 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 31 have have VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 32 spread spread VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 33 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 34 horses horse NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 35 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 36 pigs pig NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 37 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 38 respectively respectively RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 40 3 3 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 20 42 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 2 similarity similarity NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 3 between between IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 4 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 5 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 6 nonhuman nonhuman NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 7 primates primate NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 8 permits permit VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 9 many many JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 10 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 11 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 12 cross cross VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 13 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 14 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 15 barrier barrier NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 16 between between IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 17 different different JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 18 primate primate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 19 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 21 20 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 22 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 22 2 introduction introduction NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 22 3 into into IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 22 4 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 22 5 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 22 6 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 1 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 2 HIV-2 HIV-2 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 4 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 5 lentiviruses lentiviruse NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 6 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 7 cause cause VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 8 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 10 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 11 as as RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 12 well well RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 13 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 14 other other JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 15 primate primate NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 16 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 17 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 18 such such JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 19 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 20 monkeypox monkeypox NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 21 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 22 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 23 Herpesvirus Herpesvirus NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 24 simiae simiae NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 25 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 26 provide provide VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 27 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 28 examples example NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 29 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 30 this this DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 31 type type NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 32 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 33 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 23 34 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 1 Other other JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 2 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 3 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 4 such such JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 5 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 6 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 7 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 8 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 9 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 10 severe severe JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 11 acute acute JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 13 syndrome syndrome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 16 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 17 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 18 CoV CoV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 20 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 21 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 22 need need VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 23 multiple multiple JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 24 genetic genetic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 25 changes change NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 26 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 27 adapt adapt VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 28 successfully successfully RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 29 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 30 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 31 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 32 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 33 new new JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 34 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 35 species species NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 36 ; ; : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 37 these these DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 38 changes change NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 39 might may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 40 include include VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 41 differential differential JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 42 receptor receptor NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 43 usage usage NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 44 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 45 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 46 replication replication NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 47 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 48 evasion evasion NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 49 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 50 innate innate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 51 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 52 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 53 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 54 immune immune JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 55 defenses defense NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 56 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 57 and/or and/or CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 58 increased increase VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 59 efficiency efficiency NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 60 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 61 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 24 62 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 1 Understanding understand VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 2 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 3 complex complex JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 4 interactions interaction NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 5 between between IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 6 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 7 invading invade VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 8 pathogen pathogen NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 9 on on IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 10 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 11 one one CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 12 hand hand NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 13 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 14 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 15 new new JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 16 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 17 on on IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 18 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 19 other other JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 20 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 22 progress progress VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 23 toward toward IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 24 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 25 new new JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 26 hostpathogen hostpathogen NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 27 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 28 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 29 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 30 major major JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 31 challenge challenge NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 32 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 33 differs differ VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 34 substantially substantially RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 35 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 36 each each DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 37 successful successful JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 38 interspecies interspecie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 39 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 40 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 41 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 42 spread spread NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 43 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 44 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 45 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 25 46 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 1 New new JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 2 molecular molecular JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 3 techniques technique NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 4 such such JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 5 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 6 high high JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 7 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 8 throughput throughput NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 9 sequencing sequencing NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 10 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 11 mRNA mrna NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 12 expression expression NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 13 profiling profiling NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 14 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 15 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 16 array array NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 17 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 18 based base VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 19 single single JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 20 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 21 polymorphism polymorphism NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 23 SNP SNP NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 25 analysis analysis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 26 provide provide VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 27 ways way NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 28 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 29 rapidly rapidly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 30 identify identify VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 31 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 32 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 34 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 35 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 36 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 37 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 38 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 39 CoV CoV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 40 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 41 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 42 example example NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 44 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 45 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 46 analyze analyze VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 47 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 48 diversity diversity NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 49 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 50 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 51 genomes genome NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 52 as as RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 53 well well RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 54 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 55 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 56 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 57 responses response NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 58 against against IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 59 them -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 26 60 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 1 Essential essential JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 2 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 3 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 4 process process NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 5 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 6 identification identification NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 7 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 8 characterization characterization NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 9 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 10 genome genome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 11 sequences sequence NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 12 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 13 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 14 exploitation exploitation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 15 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 16 extensive extensive JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 17 databases database NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 18 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 19 allow allow VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 20 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 21 alignment alignment NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 22 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 23 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 24 genome genome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 25 sequences sequence NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 26 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 27 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 28 linkage linkage NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 29 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 30 these these DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 31 genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 32 data datum NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 33 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 34 those those DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 35 obtained obtain VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 36 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 37 classical classical JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 38 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 39 culture culture NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 40 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 41 serological serological JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 42 techniques technique NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 43 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 44 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 45 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 46 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 47 clinical clinical JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 48 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 49 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 50 pathological pathological JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 51 studies study NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 53 4 4 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 27 55 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 1 Extensive extensive JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 3 analysis analysis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 4 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 5 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 6 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 7 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 8 example example NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 9 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 10 has have VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 11 provided provide VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 12 clues clue NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 13 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 14 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 15 geography geography NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 16 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 17 time time NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 18 scale scale NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 19 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 20 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 21 early early JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 22 diversification diversification NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 23 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 24 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 25 strains strain NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 26 when when WRB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 27 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 28 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 29 emerged emerge VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 30 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 31 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 28 32 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 1 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 2 strains strain NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 3 are be VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 4 divided divide VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 5 into into IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 6 multiple multiple JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 7 clades clade NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 8 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 9 each each DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 10 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 11 which which WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 12 has have VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 13 independently independently RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 14 evolved evolve VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 15 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 16 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 17 simian simian JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 18 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 19 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 21 SIV SIV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 23 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 24 naturally naturally RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 25 infects infect VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 26 chimpanzees chimpanzee NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 27 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 28 West West NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 29 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 30 Central Central NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 31 Africa Africa NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 29 32 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 1 Current current JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 3 date date VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 4 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 5 common common JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 6 ancestor ancestor NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 7 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 8 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 9 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 10 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 11 beginning beginning NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 12 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 13 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 14 twentieth twentieth JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 15 century century NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 17 5 5 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 30 19 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 1 Because because IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 2 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 3 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 4 typically typically RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 5 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 6 cause cause VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 7 variable variable JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 9 outcomes outcome NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 10 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 11 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 12 hosts host NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 13 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 14 differ differ VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 15 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 16 age age NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 17 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 18 nutritional nutritional JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 19 status status NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 20 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 21 genetic genetic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 22 background background NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 23 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 24 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 25 immunological immunological JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 26 condition condition NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 27 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 28 deciphering decipher VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 29 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 30 complex complex JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 31 interactions interaction NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 32 between between IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 33 evolving evolve VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 34 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 35 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 36 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 37 hosts host NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 38 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 39 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 40 great great JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 41 challenge challenge NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 31 42 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 2 genome genome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 3 sequences sequence NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 4 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 5 many many JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 6 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 7 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 8 have have VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 9 become become VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 10 available available JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 11 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 12 last last JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 13 decade decade NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 14 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 15 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 16 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 17 them -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 18 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 19 range range NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 20 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 21 novel novel JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 22 tools tool NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 23 are be VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 24 available available JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 25 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 26 study study VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 27 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 28 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 29 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 30 interactions interaction NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 31 at at IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 32 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 33 molecular molecular JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 34 level level NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 32 35 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 1 This this DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 2 progress progress NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 3 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 4 together together RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 5 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 6 advances advance NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 7 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 8 high high JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 9 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 10 throughput throughput NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 11 sequencing sequencing NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 12 technology technology NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 13 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 14 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 15 not not RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 16 least least JJS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 17 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 18 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 20 bio)informatics bio)informatic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 21 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 22 statistics statistic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 23 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 24 allows allow VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 25 us -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 26 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 27 analyze analyze VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 28 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 29 ' ' '' cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 30 ' ' `` cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 31 genomewide genomewide NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 32 ' ' '' cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 33 ' ' '' cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 34 networks network NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 35 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 36 gene gene NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 37 interactions interaction NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 38 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 39 control control VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 40 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 41 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 42 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 43 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 44 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 33 45 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 1 By by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 2 comparing compare VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 3 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 4 contrasting contrast VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 5 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 6 outcomes outcome NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 7 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 8 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 9 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 10 closely closely RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 11 related related JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 13 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 14 different different JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 15 but but CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 16 related related JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 17 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 18 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 19 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 20 we -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 21 can can MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 22 further further RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 23 delineate delineate VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 24 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 25 various various JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 26 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 27 pathways pathway NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 28 involved involve VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 29 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 30 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 31 different different JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 32 outcomes outcome NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 34 33 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 2 power power NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 3 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 4 this this DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 5 approach approach NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 6 was be VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 7 nicely nicely RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 8 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 9 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 10 SIV SIV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 11 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 12 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 13 various various JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 14 primate primate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 15 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 16 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 35 17 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 1 Natural natural JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 2 reservoir reservoir NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 3 hosts host NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 4 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 5 SIV SIV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 6 do do VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 7 not not RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 8 develop develop VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 10 upon upon IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 11 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 12 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 13 whereas whereas IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 14 non non JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 15 - - JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 16 natural natural JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 17 hosts host NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 18 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 19 such such JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 20 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 21 rhesus rhesu NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 22 macaques macaque NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 23 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 24 pig pig NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 25 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 26 tailed tail VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 27 macaques macaque NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 28 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 29 when when WRB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 30 infected infect VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 31 experimentally experimentally RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 32 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 33 SIV SIV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 34 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 35 develop develop VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 36 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 37 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 38 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 39 similar similar JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 40 manner manner NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 41 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 42 HIV HIV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 43 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 44 infected infect VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 45 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 36 46 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 1 Transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 2 profiling profiling NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 3 indicates indicate VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 4 that that IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 5 SIV SIV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 6 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 7 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 8 these these DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 9 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 10 produces produce VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 11 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 12 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 13 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 14 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 16 6 6 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 37 18 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 1 SIV SIV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 2 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 3 infected infect VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 4 primates primate NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 5 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 6 symptoms symptom NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 7 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 8 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 9 have have VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 10 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 11 high high JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 12 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 13 load load NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 14 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 15 immune immune JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 16 activation activation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 17 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 18 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 19 loss loss NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 20 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 21 certain certain JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 22 types type NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 23 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 24 T t NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 25 cells cell NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 26 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 27 whereas whereas IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 28 SIVinfected sivinfected JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 29 sooty sooty JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 30 mangabeys mangabeys NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 32 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 33 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 34 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 35 which which WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 36 HIV-2 HIV-2 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 37 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 38 thought think VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 39 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 40 have have VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 41 originated originate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 43 have have VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 44 substantially substantially RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 45 lower low JJR cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 46 levels level NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 47 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 48 innate innate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 49 immune immune JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 50 activation activation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 51 than than IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 52 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 53 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 54 primates primate NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 55 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 56 partly partly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 57 due due IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 58 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 59 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 60 production production NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 61 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 62 less less JJR cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 63 interferon interferon NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 64 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 65 a a NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 66 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 67 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 68 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 69 cells cell NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 70 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 71 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 72 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 73 SIV SIV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 74 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 75 other other JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 76 Toll Toll NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 77 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 78 like like JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 79 receptor receptor NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 80 ligands ligand NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 81 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 82 7 7 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 83 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 38 84 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 1 Identification identification NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 2 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 3 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 4 factors factor NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 5 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 6 restrict restrict VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 8 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 9 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 10 aid aid VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 11 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 12 development development NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 13 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 14 effective effective JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 15 intervention intervention NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 16 strategies strategy NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 39 17 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 1 Below below RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 2 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 4 elaborate elaborate VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 5 on on IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 6 two two CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 7 other other JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 8 examples example NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 9 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 10 recent recent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 11 important important JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 12 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 13 events event NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 14 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 15 led lead VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 16 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 17 sustained sustained JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 18 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 19 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 20 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 21 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 22 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 23 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 24 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 25 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 26 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 27 role role NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 28 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 29 genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 30 has have VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 31 played play VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 32 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 33 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 34 elucidation elucidation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 35 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 36 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 37 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 38 thus thus RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 39 far far RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 40 40 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 41 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 41 2 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 41 3 caused cause VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 41 4 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 41 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 41 6 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 41 7 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 41 8 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 41 9 Orthomyxoviridae Orthomyxoviridae NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 41 10 family family NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 41 11 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 1 Whereas whereas IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 2 fever fever NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 3 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 4 coughs cough NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 5 are be VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 6 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 7 most most RBS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 8 frequent frequent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 9 symptoms symptom NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 10 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 11 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 12 more more RBR cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 13 serious serious JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 14 cases case NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 15 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 16 fatal fatal JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 17 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 18 can can MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 19 develop develop VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 20 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 21 particularly particularly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 22 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 23 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 24 young young JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 25 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 26 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 27 elderly elderly JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 42 28 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 1 Typically typically RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 2 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 3 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 4 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 5 transmitted transmit VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 6 through through IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 7 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 8 air air NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 9 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 10 coughs cough NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 11 or or CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 12 sneezes sneeze NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 13 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 14 creating create VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 15 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 16 containing contain VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 17 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 18 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 19 ; ; : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 20 but but CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 21 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 22 can can MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 23 also also RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 24 be be VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 25 transmitted transmit VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 26 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 27 bird bird NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 28 droppings dropping NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 29 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 30 saliva saliva NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 31 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 32 feces fece NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 33 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 34 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 35 blood blood NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 43 36 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 1 Birds bird NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 2 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 3 pigs pig NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 4 play play VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 5 an an DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 6 important important JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 7 role role NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 8 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 9 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 10 emergence emergence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 11 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 12 new new JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 13 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 14 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 15 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 16 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 44 17 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 1 Fecal fecal JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 2 sampling sampling NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 3 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 4 migratory migratory JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 5 birds bird NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 6 has have VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 7 revealed reveal VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 8 that that IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 10 harbor harbor VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 11 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 12 large large JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 13 range range NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 14 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 15 different different JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 16 subtypes subtype NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 17 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 18 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 19 A a NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 20 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 22 8 8 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 45 24 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 1 Some some DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 2 wild wild JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 3 duck duck NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 4 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 5 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 6 particularly particularly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 7 mallards mallard NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 8 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 9 are be VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 10 potential potential JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 11 long long JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 12 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 13 distance distance NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 14 vectors vector NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 15 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 16 highly highly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 17 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 18 avian avian JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 19 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 20 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 22 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 24 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 25 whereas whereas IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 26 others other NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 27 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 28 including include VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 29 diving diving JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 30 ducks duck NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 31 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 32 are be VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 33 more more RBR cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 34 likely likely JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 35 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 36 act act VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 37 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 38 ' ' '' cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 39 ' ' `` cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 40 sentinel sentinel NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 41 ' ' '' cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 42 ' ' '' cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 43 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 44 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 45 die die VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 46 upon upon IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 47 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 49 9 9 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 46 51 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 1 Following follow VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 2 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 3 introduction introduction NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 4 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 5 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 6 new new JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 7 pandemic pandemic NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 8 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 9 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 10 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 11 subtype subtype NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 12 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 13 an an DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 14 avian avian JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 15 reservoir reservoir NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 16 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 17 either either CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 18 directly directly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 19 or or CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 20 via via IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 21 another another DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 22 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 23 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 24 such such JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 25 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 26 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 27 pig pig NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 28 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 29 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 30 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 31 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 32 continue continue VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 33 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 34 circulate circulate VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 35 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 36 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 37 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 38 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 39 years year NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 40 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 41 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 42 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 43 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 44 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 47 45 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 1 In in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 2 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 3 past past JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 4 century century NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 5 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 6 three three CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 7 major major JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 8 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 9 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 10 resulted result VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 11 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 12 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 13 loss loss NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 14 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 15 many many JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 16 millions million NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 17 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 18 lives life NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 48 19 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 1 Spanish spanish JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 2 flu flu NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 3 alone alone RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 4 caused cause VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 5 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 6 deaths death NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 7 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 8 more more JJR cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 9 than than IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 10 50 50 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 11 million million CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 12 people people NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 13 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 14 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 15 end end NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 16 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 17 World World NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 18 War War NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 19 I I NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 20 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 21 1918 1918 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 49 22 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 2 2009 2009 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 3 outbreak outbreak NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 4 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 5 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 6 new new JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 7 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 8 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 10 causing cause VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 11 ' ' '' cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 12 ' ' `` cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 13 swine swine NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 14 flu flu NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 15 ' ' '' cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 16 ' ' '' cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 18 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 19 started start VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 20 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 21 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 22 further further RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 23 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 24 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 25 pandemic pandemic NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 26 potential potential NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 27 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 28 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 29 A a NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 30 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 50 31 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 1 After after IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 2 introduction introduction NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 3 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 4 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 5 new new JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 6 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 7 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 8 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 9 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 10 an an DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 11 avian avian JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 12 or or CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 13 porcine porcine JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 14 reservoir reservoir NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 15 into into IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 16 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 17 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 18 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 19 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 20 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 21 genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 22 studies study NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 23 are be VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 24 essential essential JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 25 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 26 identify identify VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 27 critical critical JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 28 mutations mutation NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 29 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 30 enable enable VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 31 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 32 circulating circulate VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 33 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 34 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 35 spread spread VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 36 efficiently efficiently RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 37 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 38 interact interact VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 39 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 40 different different JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 41 receptors receptor NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 42 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 43 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 44 cause cause VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 45 disease disease NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 46 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 47 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 48 new new JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 49 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 51 50 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 1 For for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 2 example example NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 3 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 4 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 5 importance importance NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 6 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 7 residue residue NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 8 627 627 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 9 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 10 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 11 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 12 protein protein NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 13 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 14 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 15 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 16 polymerase polymerase NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 17 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 18 determining determine VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 19 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 20 restriction restriction NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 21 has have VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 22 been be VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 23 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 24 through through IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 25 these these DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 26 kinds kind NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 27 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 28 approaches approach NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 30 10 10 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 52 32 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 2 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 3 changes change NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 4 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 5 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 6 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 7 molecules molecule NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 8 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 9 allow allow VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 10 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 11 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 12 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 13 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 14 switch switch VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 15 receptor receptor NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 16 specificity specificity NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 53 17 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 2 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 3 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 4 avian avian JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 5 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 6 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 7 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 8 preferentially preferentially RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 9 binds bind VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 10 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 11 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 12 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 13 terminate terminate VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 14 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 15 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 16 sialic sialic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 17 acid acid NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 18 - - : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 19 a-2,3-Gal a-2,3-gal NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 20 disaccharide disaccharide NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 21 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 22 whereas whereas IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 23 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 24 hemagglutinins hemagglutinin NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 25 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 26 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 27 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 28 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 29 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 30 prefer prefer VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 31 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 32 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 33 terminate terminate VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 34 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 35 sialic sialic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 36 acid acid NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 37 - - : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 54 38 a-2,6-Gal a-2,6-gal CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 55 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 55 2 Figure figure NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 55 3 1 1 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 55 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 55 5 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 1 Fatal fatal JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 2 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 3 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 4 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 5 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 6 infected infect VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 7 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 8 avian avian JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 9 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 10 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 11 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 12 partly partly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 13 due due JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 14 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 15 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 16 ability ability NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 17 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 18 these these DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 19 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 20 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 21 attach attach VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 22 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 23 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 24 replicate replicate VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 25 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 26 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 27 cells cell NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 28 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 29 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 30 lower low JJR cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 31 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 32 tract tract NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 33 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 34 which which WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 35 have have VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 36 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 37 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 38 terminate terminate VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 39 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 40 sialic sialic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 41 acid acid NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 42 - - : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 43 a-2,3-Gal a-2,3-Gal NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 44 disaccharide disaccharide NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 46 11 11 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 47 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 48 12 12 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 56 50 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 2 sequence sequence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 3 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 4 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 5 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 6 protein protein NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 7 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 8 also also RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 9 affect affect VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 11 binding bind VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 12 affinity affinity NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 13 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 14 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 15 antibodies antibody NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 57 16 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 1 Understanding understand VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 2 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 3 relationship relationship NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 4 between between IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 5 genetic genetic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 6 diversity diversity NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 7 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 8 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 9 properties property NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 10 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 11 these these DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 12 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 14 13 13 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 16 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 17 help help VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 18 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 19 predict predict VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 20 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 21 emergence emergence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 22 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 23 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 24 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 25 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 26 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 27 develop develop VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 28 effective effective JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 29 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 58 30 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 1 Microarray Microarray NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 2 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 3 assisted assist VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 4 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 5 expression expression NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 6 profiling profiling NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 7 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 8 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 9 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 10 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 11 infections infection NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 12 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 13 including include VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 14 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 15 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 16 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 17 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 18 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 19 used use VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 20 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 21 phenotype phenotype VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 22 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 23 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 24 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 25 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 26 great great JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 27 detail detail NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 59 28 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 1 By by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 2 comparing compare VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 3 mRNA mrna NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 4 expression expression NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 5 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 6 individuals individual NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 7 infected infect VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 8 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 9 an an DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 10 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 11 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 12 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 13 expression expression NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 14 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 15 individuals individual NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 16 infected infect VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 17 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 18 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 19 related relate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 20 established establish VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 21 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 22 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 23 researchers researcher NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 24 can can MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 25 generate generate VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 26 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 27 ' ' '' cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 28 ' ' '' cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 29 molecular molecular JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 30 fingerprint fingerprint NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 31 ' ' '' cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 32 ' ' '' cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 33 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 34 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 35 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 36 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 37 genes gene NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 38 or or CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 39 pathways pathway NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 40 specifically specifically RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 41 involved involve VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 42 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 43 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 44 oftenexuberant oftenexuberant JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 45 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 46 responses response NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 47 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 48 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 49 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 50 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 60 51 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 1 By by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 2 using use VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 3 genetically genetically RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 4 engineered engineer VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 5 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 6 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 7 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 8 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 9 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 10 role role NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 11 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 12 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 13 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 14 NS1 ns1 NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 15 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 16 protein protein NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 17 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 18 evasion evasion NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 19 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 20 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 21 innate innate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 22 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 23 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 24 has have VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 25 been be VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 26 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 28 14 14 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 61 30 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 2 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 3 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 4 NS1 ns1 NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 5 protein protein NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 6 derived derive VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 7 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 8 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 9 1918 1918 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 10 Spanish Spanish NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 11 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 13 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 14 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 15 blocked block VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 16 expression expression NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 17 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 18 interferon interferon NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 19 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 20 regulated regulate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 21 genes gene NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 22 more more RBR cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 23 efficiently efficiently RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 24 than than IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 25 did do VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 26 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 27 NS1 ns1 NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 28 protein protein NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 29 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 30 established establish VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 31 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 32 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 33 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 35 14 14 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 62 37 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 1 Other other JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 2 genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 3 studies study NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 4 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 5 genetically genetically RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 6 engineered engineer VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 7 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 8 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 9 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 10 containing contain VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 11 some some DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 12 or or CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 13 all all DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 14 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 15 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 16 gene gene NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 17 segments segment NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 18 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 19 either either CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 20 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 21 1918 1918 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 22 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 23 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 24 or or CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 25 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 26 highly highly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 27 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 28 avian avian JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 29 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 30 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 31 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 33 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 35 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 36 suggest suggest VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 37 that that IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 38 these these DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 39 highly highly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 40 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 41 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 42 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 43 induce induce VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 44 severe severe JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 45 disease disease NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 46 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 47 mice mouse NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 48 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 49 macaques macaque NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 50 through through IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 51 aberrant aberrant JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 52 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 53 persistent persistent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 54 activation activation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 55 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 56 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 57 cytokine cytokine NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 58 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 59 chemokine chemokine NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 60 responses response NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 61 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 62 15 15 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 63 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 64 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 65 16 16 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 66 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 67 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 68 17 17 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 69 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 70 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 71 18 18 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 72 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 63 73 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 1 Application application NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 2 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 3 genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 4 tools tool NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 5 not not RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 6 only only RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 7 supports support VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 8 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 9 elucidation elucidation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 10 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 11 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 12 underlying underlie VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 13 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 14 but but CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 15 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 16 also also RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 17 help help VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 18 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 19 identify identify VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 20 leads lead NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 21 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 22 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 23 intervention intervention NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 64 24 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 1 In in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 2 ferrets ferret NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 3 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 4 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 5 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 6 induced induce VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 7 severe severe JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 8 disease disease NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 9 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 10 was be VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 11 associated associate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 12 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 13 strong strong JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 14 expression expression NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 15 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 16 interferon interferon NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 17 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 18 genes gene NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 19 including include VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 20 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 21 interferon interferon NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 22 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 23 cinduced cinduce VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 24 cytokine cytokine NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 25 CXCL10 CXCL10 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 65 26 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 1 Treatment treatment NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 2 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 3 H5N1-infected h5n1-infected JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 4 ferrets ferret NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 5 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 6 an an DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 7 antagonist antagonist NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 8 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 9 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 10 CXCL10 CXCL10 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 11 receptor receptor NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 13 CXCR3 cxcr3 NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 15 reduced reduce VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 16 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 17 severity severity NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 18 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 19 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 20 flu flu NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 21 symptoms symptom NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 22 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 23 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 24 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 25 titers titer NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 26 compared compare VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 27 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 28 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 29 controls control NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 31 19 19 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 33 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 34 clearly clearly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 35 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 36 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 37 potential potential NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 38 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 39 biological biological JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 40 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 41 modifiers modifier NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 42 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 43 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 44 clinical clinical JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 45 management management NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 46 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 47 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 48 infections infection NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 66 49 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 2 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 3 evasion evasion NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 4 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 5 evolution evolution NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 6 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 7 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 8 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 9 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 10 further further RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 11 discussed discuss VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 12 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 14 20 20 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 67 16 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 1 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 3 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 5 primarily primarily RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 6 infect infect VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 7 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 8 upper upper JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 10 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 11 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 12 tract tract NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 13 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 14 mammals mammal NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 15 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 16 birds bird NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 68 17 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 1 Five five CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 2 different different JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 3 currently currently RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 4 known know VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 5 CoVs covs NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 6 infect infect VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 7 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 8 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 9 are be VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 10 believed believe VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 11 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 12 cause cause VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 13 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 14 significant significant JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 15 percentage percentage NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 16 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 17 all all DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 18 common common JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 19 colds cold NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 20 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 21 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 22 adults adult NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 69 23 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 1 Surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 2 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 3 recent recent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 4 studies study NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 5 revealed reveal VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 6 that that IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 7 approximately approximately RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 8 6 6 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 9 % % NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 10 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 11 bats bat NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 12 sampled sample VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 13 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 14 China China NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 15 were be VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 16 positive positive JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 17 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 18 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 20 21 21 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 70 22 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 1 Subsequent subsequent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 2 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 3 studies study NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 4 revealed reveal VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 5 that that IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 6 bat bat NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 7 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 8 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 9 resembled resemble VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 10 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 11 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 12 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 13 CoV CoV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 14 clustered cluster VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 15 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 16 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 17 putative putative JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 18 group group NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 19 comprising comprise VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 20 one one CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 21 subgroup subgroup NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 22 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 23 bat bat NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 24 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 25 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 26 another another DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 27 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 28 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 29 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 30 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 31 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 32 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 33 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 34 other other JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 35 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 36 hosts host NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 71 37 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 1 According accord VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 2 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 3 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 4 current current JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 5 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 7 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 8 CoV CoV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 9 has have VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 10 arisen arise VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 11 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 12 recombination recombination NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 13 between between IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 14 two two CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 15 bat bat NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 16 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 72 17 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 1 Phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 2 analysis analysis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 3 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 5 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 6 CoV CoV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 7 isolates isolate NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 8 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 9 animals animal NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 10 indicate indicate VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 11 that that IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 12 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 13 resulting result VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 14 bat bat NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 15 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 16 was be VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 17 transmitted transmit VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 18 first first RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 19 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 20 palm palm NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 21 civets civet NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 23 Paguma Paguma NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 24 larvata larvata NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 26 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 27 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 28 wild wild JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 29 cat cat NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 30 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 31 like like JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 32 animal animal NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 33 hunted hunt VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 34 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 35 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 36 meat meat NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 37 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 38 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 39 subsequently subsequently RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 40 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 41 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 42 at at IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 43 live live JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 44 animal animal NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 45 markets market NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 46 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 47 southern southern JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 48 China China NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 50 22 22 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 73 52 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 1 Genome genome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 2 analyses analysis NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 3 have have VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 4 provided provide VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 5 evidence evidence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 6 that that IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 7 genetic genetic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 8 variation variation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 9 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 10 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 11 spike spike NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 12 gene gene NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 13 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 14 these these DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 15 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 16 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 17 civets civet NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 18 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 19 associated associate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 20 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 21 increased increase VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 22 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 23 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 24 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 25 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 27 21 21 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 74 29 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 1 In in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 2 addition addition NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 3 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 4 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 5 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 6 tospecies tospecies NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 7 variation variation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 8 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 9 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 10 sequence sequence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 11 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 12 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 13 gene gene NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 14 angiotensin angiotensin NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 15 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 16 converting convert VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 17 enzyme enzyme NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 18 2 2 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 20 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 22 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 23 which which WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 24 encodes encode VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 25 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 26 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 27 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 28 CoV CoV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 29 receptor receptor NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 30 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 31 also also RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 32 affects affect VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 33 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 34 efficiency efficiency NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 35 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 36 which which WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 37 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 38 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 39 can can MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 40 enter enter VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 41 cells cell NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 43 23 23 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 75 45 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 1 By by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 2 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 3 combination combination NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 4 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 5 phylogenetic phylogenetic NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 6 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 7 bioinformatics bioinformatics NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 8 analyses analysis NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 9 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 10 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 11 gene gene NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 12 design design NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 13 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 14 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 15 reverse reverse VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 16 genetics genetics NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 17 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 18 aided aid VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 19 generation generation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 20 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 21 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 22 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 23 encode encode VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 24 spike spike NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 25 proteins protein NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 26 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 27 diverse diverse JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 28 isolates isolate NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 29 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 30 researchers researcher NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 31 have have VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 32 reconstructed reconstruct VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 33 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 34 events event NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 35 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 36 led lead VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 37 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 38 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 39 emergence emergence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 40 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 41 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 42 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 43 able able JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 44 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 45 spread spread VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 46 efficiently efficiently RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 47 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 48 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 50 24 24 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 76 52 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 1 Structural structural JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 2 modeling modeling NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 3 predicted predict VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 4 that that IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 5 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 7 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 8 CoV CoV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 9 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 10 caused cause VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 11 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 12 epidemic epidemic NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 13 had have VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 14 an an DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 15 increased increase VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 16 affinity affinity NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 17 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 18 both both DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 19 civet civet NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 20 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 21 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 22 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 23 receptors receptor NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 24 due due JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 25 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 26 adaptation adaptation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 28 Figure figure NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 29 2 2 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 77 31 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 1 Subsequent subsequent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 2 functional functional JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 3 genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 4 studies study NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 5 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 6 these these DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 7 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 8 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 9 diverse diverse JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 10 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 11 provided provide VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 12 further further JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 13 insight insight NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 14 into into IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 15 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 16 role role NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 17 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 18 specific specific JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 19 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 20 genes gene NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 21 involved involve VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 22 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 23 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 24 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 25 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 27 25 25 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 28 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 29 26 26 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 78 31 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 2 pathological pathological JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 3 changes change NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 4 observed observe VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 5 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 6 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 7 lungs lung NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 8 are be VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 9 initiated initiate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 10 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 11 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 12 disproportionate disproportionate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 13 innate innate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 14 immune immune JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 15 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 16 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 17 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 18 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 19 elevated elevated JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 20 levels level NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 21 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 22 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 23 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 24 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 25 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 26 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 27 such such JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 28 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 29 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 30 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 31 avian avian JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 32 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 33 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 34 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 36 blue blue JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 38 preferentially preferentially RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 39 bind bind VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 40 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 41 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 42 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 43 terminate terminate VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 44 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 45 sialic sialic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 46 acid acid NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 47 - - : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 48 a-2,3-Gal a-2,3-gal NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 50 red red NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 52 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 53 whereas whereas IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 54 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 55 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 56 on on IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 57 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 58 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 59 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 60 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 62 green green JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 64 prefer prefer VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 65 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 66 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 67 terminate terminate VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 68 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 69 sialic sialic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 70 acid acid NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 71 - - : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 72 a-2,6-Gal a-2,6-gal DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 73 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 74 orange orange NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 75 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 79 76 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 1 Fatal fatal JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 2 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 3 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 4 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 5 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 6 infected infect VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 7 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 8 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 9 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 10 subtype subtype NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 11 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 12 avian avian JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 13 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 14 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 15 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 16 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 17 likely likely JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 18 due due IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 19 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 20 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 21 ability ability NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 22 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 23 these these DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 24 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 25 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 26 attach attach VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 27 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 28 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 29 replicate replicate VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 30 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 31 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 32 lower low JJR cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 33 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 34 tract tract NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 35 cells cell NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 36 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 37 which which WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 38 have have VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 39 sialic sialic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 40 acid acid NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 41 - - : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 42 a-2,3-Gal a-2,3-gal NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 43 terminated terminate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 44 saccharides saccharide NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 80 45 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 2 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 3 arrows arrow NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 4 indicate indicate VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 5 interspecies interspecies JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 6 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 7 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 8 including include VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 9 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 10 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 11 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 12 an an DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 13 avian avian JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 14 or or CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 15 porcine porcine JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 16 reservoir reservoir NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 17 into into IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 18 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 19 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 20 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 81 21 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 82 1 Image image NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 82 2 credit credit NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 82 3 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 82 4 Bart Bart NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 82 5 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 82 6 CXCL10 CXCL10 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 82 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 1 IP-10 IP-10 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 3 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 4 CCL2 CCL2 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 6 MCP-1 MCP-1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 8 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 9 interleukin interleukin FW cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 11 IL)-6 IL)-6 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 12 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 13 IL-8 IL-8 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 14 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 15 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 16 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 17 IL-1b IL-1b NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 18 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 19 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 20 interferon interferon NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 21 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 22 c c NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 24 27 27 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 83 26 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 1 These these DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 2 clinical clinical JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 3 data datum NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 4 were be VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 5 confirmed confirm VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 6 experimentally experimentally RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 7 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 8 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 9 that that IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 11 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 12 CoV CoV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 13 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 14 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 15 diverse diverse JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 16 cell cell NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 17 types type NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 18 induces induce VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 19 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 20 range range NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 21 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 22 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 23 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 24 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 25 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 26 thus thus RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 27 providing provide VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 28 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 29 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 30 framework framework NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 31 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 32 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 33 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 34 CoV CoV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 35 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 84 36 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 1 Host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 2 genome genome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 3 expression expression NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 4 analyses analysis NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 5 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 6 various various JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 7 animal animal NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 8 hosts host NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 9 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 10 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 11 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 12 different different JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 13 outcomes outcome NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 14 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 15 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 16 indicated indicate VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 17 differential differential JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 18 activation activation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 19 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 20 innate innate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 21 immune immune JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 22 genes gene NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 23 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 24 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 25 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 26 example example NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 27 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 28 aged aged JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 29 subjects subject NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 30 compared compare VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 31 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 32 young young JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 33 subjects subject NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 85 34 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 2 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 3 treatment treatment NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 4 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 5 aged aged JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 6 macaques macaque NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 7 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 8 pegylated pegylated JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 9 interferon interferon NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 10 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 11 a a NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 13 i.e. i.e. FW cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 14 interferon interferon NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 15 - - : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 16 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 17 covalently covalently RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 18 modified modify VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 19 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 20 polyethylene polyethylene NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 21 glycol glycol NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 22 polymer polymer NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 23 chains chain NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 24 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 25 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 26 enhance enhance VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 28 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 30 reduced reduce VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 31 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 32 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 33 CoV cov NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 34 replication replication NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 35 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 36 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 37 responses response NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 39 28 28 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 86 41 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 1 Thus thus RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 2 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 3 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 4 genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 5 analysis analysis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 6 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 7 provide provide VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 8 markers marker NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 9 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 10 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 11 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 12 leads lead VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 13 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 14 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 15 intervention intervention NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 16 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 17 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 18 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 19 this this DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 20 example example NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 21 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 22 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 23 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 24 CoV CoV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 25 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 87 26 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 1 Rapid rapid JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 2 identification identification NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 3 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 4 newly newly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 5 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 6 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 7 through through IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 8 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 9 use use NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 10 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 11 genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 12 tools tool NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 13 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 14 one one CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 15 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 16 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 17 major major JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 18 challenges challenge NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 19 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 20 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 21 near near JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 22 future future NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 88 23 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 1 In in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 2 addition addition NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 3 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 4 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 5 identification identification NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 6 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 7 critical critical JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 8 mutations mutation NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 9 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 10 enable enable VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 11 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 12 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 13 spread spread VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 14 efficiently efficiently RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 15 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 16 interact interact VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 17 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 18 different different JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 19 receptors receptor NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 20 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 21 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 22 cause cause VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 23 disease disease NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 24 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 25 diverse diverse JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 26 hosts host NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 27 through through IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 28 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 29 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 30 instance instance NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 31 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 32 enhanced enhance VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 33 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 34 replication replication NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 35 or or CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 36 circumvention circumvention NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 37 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 38 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 39 innate innate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 40 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 41 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 42 immune immune JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 43 responses response NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 44 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 45 needs need VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 46 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 47 be be VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 48 further further RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 49 expanded expand VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 89 50 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 1 Although although IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 2 microarrayassisted microarrayassisted JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 3 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 4 profiling profiling NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 5 can can MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 6 provide provide VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 7 us -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 8 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 9 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 10 wealth wealth NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 11 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 12 information information NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 13 regarding regard VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 14 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 15 genes gene NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 16 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 17 gene gene NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 18 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 19 interacting interact VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 20 networks network NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 21 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 22 Figure figure NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 23 2 2 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 90 24 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 1 Zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 2 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 3 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 5 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 6 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 7 Genomic Genomic NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 8 analyses analysis NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 9 provided provide VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 10 evidence evidence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 11 that that IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 12 genetic genetic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 13 changes change NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 14 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 15 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 16 spike spike NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 17 gene gene NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 18 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 19 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 20 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 21 CoV CoV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 22 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 23 bats bat NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 25 left left NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 27 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 28 civet civet NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 29 cats cat NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 31 center center NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 33 are be VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 34 essential essential JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 35 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 36 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 37 animal animal NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 38 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 39 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 40 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 41 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 42 transmission transmission NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 44 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 45 arrows arrow NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 91 47 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 1 Species species NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 2 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 3 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 4 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 5 species species NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 7 variation variation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 8 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 9 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 11 thus thus RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 12 far far RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 13 unidentified unidentified JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 15 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 16 receptor receptor NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 17 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 18 bats bat NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 19 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 20 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 21 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 22 angiotensin angiotensin NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 23 converting convert VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 24 enzyme enzyme NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 25 2 2 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 27 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 29 gene gene NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 30 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 31 encoding encode VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 32 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 33 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 34 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 35 CoV CoV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 36 receptor receptor NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 37 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 38 civet civet NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 39 cats cat NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 40 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 41 humans human NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 42 also also RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 43 affects affect VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 44 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 45 efficiency efficiency NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 46 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 47 which which WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 48 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 49 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 50 can can MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 51 enter enter VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 52 cells cell NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 54 vertical vertical JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 55 arrows arrow NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 92 57 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 2 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 3 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 4 CoV CoV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 5 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 6 caused cause VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 7 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 8 epidemic epidemic NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 9 evolved evolve VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 10 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 11 high high JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 12 affinity affinity NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 13 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 14 both both DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 15 civet civet NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 17 center center NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 19 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 20 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 22 right right NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 93 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 1 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 2 receptors receptor NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 4 indicated indicate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 5 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 6 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 7 single single JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 8 diagonal diagonal NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 9 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 10 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 11 right right JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 12 side side NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 13 vertical vertical JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 14 arrow arrow NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 94 16 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 1 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 2 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 3 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 4 interactions interaction NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 5 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 6 future future JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 7 research research NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 8 should should MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 9 focus focus VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 10 on on IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 11 combining combine VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 12 data datum NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 13 obtained obtain VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 14 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 15 different different JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 16 experimental experimental JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 17 settings setting NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 95 18 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 2 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 3 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 4 careful careful JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 5 design design NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 6 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 7 complementary complementary JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 8 sets set NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 9 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 10 experiments experiment NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 11 using use VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 12 different different JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 13 formats format NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 14 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 15 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 16 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 17 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 18 interactions interaction NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 19 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 20 absolutely absolutely RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 21 needed need VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 22 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 23 successful successful JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 24 genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 25 studies study NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 27 29 29 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 96 29 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 1 Special special JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 2 attention attention NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 3 should should MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 4 be be VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 5 addressed address VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 6 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 7 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 8 comparative comparative JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 9 analysis analysis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 10 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 11 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 12 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 13 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 14 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 15 diverse diverse JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 16 animal animal NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 17 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 97 18 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 1 Thus thus RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 2 far far RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 3 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 4 limited limited JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 5 number number NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 6 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 7 laboratory laboratory NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 8 animal animal NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 9 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 10 has have VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 11 been be VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 12 studied study VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 13 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 14 but but CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 15 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 16 recent recent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 17 elucidation elucidation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 18 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 19 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 20 genome genome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 21 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 22 several several JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 23 other other JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 24 animal animal NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 25 species specie NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 26 will will MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 27 provide provide VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 28 tools tool NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 29 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 30 decipher decipher VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 31 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 32 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 33 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 34 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 35 interactions interaction NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 36 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 37 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 38 more more RBR cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 39 relevant relevant JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 40 natural natural JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 41 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 98 42 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 99 1 Recent recent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 99 2 developments development NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 99 3 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 99 4 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 99 5 sequencing sequencing NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 99 6 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 99 7 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 99 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 99 9 transcriptome transcriptome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 99 10 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 99 11 aid aid VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 99 12 this this DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 99 13 development development NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 99 14 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 1 Ultimately ultimately RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 2 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 3 microarray microarray NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 4 technology technology NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 5 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 6 also also RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 7 extend extend VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 8 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 9 genotyping genotyping NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 10 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 11 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 12 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 13 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 14 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 15 SNP SNP NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 16 analysis analysis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 17 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 18 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 19 identify identify VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 20 markers marker NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 21 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 22 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 23 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 24 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 25 severity severity NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 26 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 27 disease disease NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 28 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 29 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 30 can can MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 31 be be VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 32 used use VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 33 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 34 tailor tailor NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 35 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 36 made make VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 37 clinical clinical JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 38 management management NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 39 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 40 disease disease NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 41 caused cause VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 42 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 43 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 44 infections infection NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 100 45 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 1 Comparative comparative JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 2 analysis analysis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 3 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 4 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 5 responses response NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 6 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 7 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 8 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 9 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 10 also also RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 11 point point VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 12 toward toward IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 13 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 14 similar similar JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 15 dysregulated dysregulate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 16 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 17 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 18 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 19 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 20 range range NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 21 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 22 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 23 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 24 infections infection NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 25 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 26 enabling enable VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 27 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 28 rational rational JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 29 design design NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 30 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 31 multipotent multipotent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 32 biological biological JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 33 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 34 modifiers modifier NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 35 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 36 combat combat VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 37 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 38 variety variety NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 39 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 40 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 41 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 42 infections infection NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 101 43 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 1 By by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 2 focusing focus VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 3 on on IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 4 broad broad RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 5 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 6 acting act VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 7 intervention intervention NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 8 strategies strategy NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 9 rather rather RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 10 than than IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 11 on on IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 12 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 13 discovery discovery NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 14 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 15 a a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 16 newly newly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 17 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 18 pathogen pathogen NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 19 that that WDT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 20 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 21 not not RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 22 characterized characterize VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 23 yet yet RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 24 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 25 we -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 26 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 27 be be VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 28 able able JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 29 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 30 protect protect VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 31 ourselves -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 32 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 33 several several JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 34 unexpectedly unexpectedly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 35 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 36 infections infection NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 37 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 38 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 39 same same JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 40 clinical clinical JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 41 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 102 42 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 1 This this DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 2 approach approach NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 3 may may MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 4 readily readily RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 5 reduce reduce VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 6 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 7 burden burden NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 8 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 9 disease disease NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 10 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 11 time time NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 12 will will MD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 13 be be VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 14 gained gain VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 15 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 16 design design VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 17 preventive preventive JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 18 pathogen pathogen NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 19 specific specific JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 20 intervention intervention NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 21 strategies strategy NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 22 such such JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 23 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 24 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 25 therapy therapy NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 26 or or CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 27 vaccination vaccination NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 103 28 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 1 Clearly clearly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 2 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 3 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 4 all all DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 5 stages stage NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 6 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 7 combating combat VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 8 emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 9 infections infection NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 10 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 11 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 12 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 13 early early JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 14 identification identification NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 15 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 16 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 17 pathogen pathogen NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 18 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 19 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 20 development development NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 21 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 22 design design NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 23 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 24 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 25 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 26 application application NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 27 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 28 sophisticated sophisticated JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 29 genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 30 tools tool NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 31 is be VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 32 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 33 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 34 success success NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 104 35 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 105 1 Catastrophes catastrophe NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 105 2 after after IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 105 3 crossing cross VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 105 4 species species NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 105 5 barriers barrier NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 105 6 Public public JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 105 7 health health NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 105 8 . . . cord-288231-vg8bwed9 106 1 Pathogen pathogen NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 106 2 surveillance surveillance NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 106 3 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 106 4 animals animal NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 106 5 Henipaviruses Henipaviruses NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 106 6 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 1 Emerging emerge VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 2 paramyxoviruses paramyxovirus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 3 associated associate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 4 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 5 fruit fruit NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 6 bats bat NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 7 Viruses Viruses NNPS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 8 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 9 Koch Koch NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 10 's 's POS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 11 postulates postulate VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 12 Direct direct JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 13 evidence evidence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 14 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 15 extensive extensive JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 16 diversity diversity NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 17 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 18 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 19 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 20 Kinshasa Kinshasa NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 21 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 22 1960 1960 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 23 Transcriptional Transcriptional NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 24 profiling profiling NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 25 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 26 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 27 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 28 non non JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 29 - - JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 30 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 31 SIV SIV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 32 infections infection NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 33 reveals reveal VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 34 significant significant JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 35 distinctions distinction NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 36 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 37 kinetics kinetics NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 38 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 39 tissue tissue NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 107 40 compartmentalization compartmentalization NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 108 1 Divergent divergent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 108 2 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 108 3 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 108 4 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 108 5 signaling signaling NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 108 6 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 108 7 type type NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 109 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 109 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 109 3 production production NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 109 4 distinguish distinguish VBP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 1 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 2 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 3 nonpathogenic nonpathogenic NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 4 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 5 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 6 infections infection NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 7 Spatial spatial JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 8 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 9 temporal temporal JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 10 , , , cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 11 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 12 species species NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 13 variation variation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 14 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 15 prevalence prevalence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 16 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 17 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 18 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 19 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 20 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 21 wild wild JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 22 migratory migratory JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 110 23 birds bird NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 1 Wild wild JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 2 ducks duck NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 3 as as IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 4 long long JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 5 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 6 distance distance NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 7 vectors vector NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 8 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 9 highly highly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 10 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 11 avian avian JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 12 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 13 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 15 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 111 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-288231-vg8bwed9 112 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 112 2 basis basis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 112 3 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 112 4 high high JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 112 5 virulence virulence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 112 6 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 112 7 Hong Hong NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 112 8 Kong Kong NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 112 9 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 1 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 2 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 3 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 4 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 5 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 6 attachment attachment NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 7 to to TO cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 8 lower lower VB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 10 tract tract NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 11 Haemagglutinin Haemagglutinin NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 12 mutations mutation NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 13 responsible responsible JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 14 for for IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 15 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 16 binding binding NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 17 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 18 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 19 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 20 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 21 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 22 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 23 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 24 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 25 type type NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 26 receptors receptor NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 27 Mapping map VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 28 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 29 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 30 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 31 genetic genetic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 32 evolution evolution NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 33 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 34 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 35 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 36 Cellular cellular JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 37 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 38 profiling profiling NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 39 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 40 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 41 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 42 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 43 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 44 infected infect VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 45 lung lung NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 46 epithelial epithelial NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 47 cells cell NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 113 48 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 2 role role NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 3 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 4 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 5 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 6 NS1 ns1 NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 7 protein protein NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 8 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 9 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 10 evasion evasion NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 11 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 12 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 13 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 14 innate innate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 15 defense defense NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 16 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 18 potential potential JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 19 contribution contribution NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 20 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 21 pandemic pandemic NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 22 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 23 Aberrant aberrant JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 24 innate innate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 25 immune immune JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 26 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 27 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 28 lethal lethal JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 29 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 30 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 31 macaques macaque NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 32 with with IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 33 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 34 1918 1918 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 35 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 36 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 37 Early early RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 38 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 39 sustained sustain VBD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 40 innate innate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 41 immune immune JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 42 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 43 defines define VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 44 pathology pathology NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 45 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 46 death death NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 47 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 48 nonhuman nonhuman NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 49 primates primate NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 50 infected infect VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 51 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 52 highly highly RB cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 53 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 54 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 55 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 56 Genomic genomic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 57 analysis analysis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 58 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 59 increased increase VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 60 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 61 immune immune NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 62 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 63 cell cell NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 64 death death NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 65 responses response NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 66 induced induce VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 67 by by IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 68 1918 1918 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 69 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 70 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 71 Global global JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 72 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 73 immune immune JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 74 response response NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 75 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 76 Pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 77 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 78 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 79 profiling profiling NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 80 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 81 type type NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 82 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 83 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 84 viruses virus NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 85 expressing express VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 86 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 87 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 88 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 89 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 90 genes gene NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 91 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 92 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 93 1918 1918 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 94 pandemic pandemic NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 95 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 96 Gene Gene NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 97 expression expression NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 98 analysis analysis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 99 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 100 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 101 innate innate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 102 immune immune JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 103 responses response NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 104 during during IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 105 lethal lethal JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 106 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 107 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 108 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 109 ferrets ferret NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 110 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 111 role role NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 112 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 113 genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 114 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 115 tracking track VBG cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 116 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 117 evolution evolution NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 118 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 119 influenza influenza NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 120 A a DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 121 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 122 Prevalence prevalence NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 123 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 124 genetic genetic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 125 diversity diversity NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 126 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 127 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 128 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 129 bats bat NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 130 from from IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 131 China China NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 132 Cross Cross NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 133 - - JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 134 host host JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 135 evolution evolution NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 136 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 137 severe severe JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 138 acute acute JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 139 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 140 syndrome syndrome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 141 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 142 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 143 palm palm NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 144 civet civet NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 145 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 146 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 147 Receptor receptor NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 148 and and CC cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 149 viral viral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 150 determinants determinant NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 151 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 152 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 153 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 154 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 155 adaptation adaptation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 156 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 157 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 158 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 159 Mechanisms Mechanisms NNPS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 160 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 161 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 162 severe severe JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 163 acute acute JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 164 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 165 syndrome syndrome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 166 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 167 host host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 168 range range NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 169 expansion expansion NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 170 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 171 human human JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 172 airway airway NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 173 epithelium epithelium NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 174 Early early JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 175 upregulation upregulation NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 176 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 177 acute acute JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 178 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 179 distress distress NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 180 syndrome syndrome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 181 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 182 associated associate VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 183 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 184 promotes promote VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 185 lethal lethal JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 186 disease disease NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 187 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 188 an an DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 189 aged aged JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 190 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 191 mouse mouse NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 192 model model NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 193 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 194 severe severe JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 195 acute acute JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 196 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 197 syndrome syndrome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 198 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 199 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 200 Functional functional JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 201 genomics genomic NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 202 highlights highlight VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 203 differential differential JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 204 induction induction NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 205 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 206 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 207 pathways pathway NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 208 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 209 the the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 210 lungs lung NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 211 of of IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 212 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 213 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 214 CoV CoV NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 215 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 216 infected infect VBN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 114 217 macaques macaque NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 115 1 Genomic genomic JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 115 2 analysis analysis NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 115 3 reveals reveal VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 115 4 age age NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 115 5 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 115 6 dependent dependent JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 115 7 innate innate JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 115 8 immune immune JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 115 9 responses response NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 115 10 to to IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 1 severe severe JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 2 acute acute JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 3 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 4 syndrome syndrome NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 6 Pegylated Pegylated NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 7 interferon interferon NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 8 - - HYPH cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 9 alpha alpha NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 10 protects protect VBZ cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 11 type type NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 12 1 1 CD cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 13 pneumocytes pneumocyte NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 14 against against IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 15 SARS SARS NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 16 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 17 infection infection NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 18 in in IN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 19 macaques macaque NNS cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 20 Virogenomics Virogenomics NNP cord-288231-vg8bwed9 116 21 : : : cord-288231-vg8bwed9 117 1 The the DT cord-288231-vg8bwed9 117 2 virus virus NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 117 3 -host -host NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 117 4 interaction interaction NN cord-288231-vg8bwed9 117 5 revisited revisit VBN