id sid tid token lemma pos cord-277417-f71jwdzj 1 1 key key JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 1 2 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 1 3 cord-277417-f71jwdzj cord-277417-f71jwdzj NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 1 4 authors author NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 1 5 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 1 6 Geoghegan Geoghegan NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 1 7 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 1 8 Jemma Jemma NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 1 9 L. L. NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 1 10 ; ; : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 1 11 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 1 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 2 1 Edward Edward NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 2 2 C. C. NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 2 3 title title NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 2 4 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 2 phylogenomics phylogenomic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 4 evolving evolve VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 5 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 6 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 7 date date NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 8 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 9 2018 2018 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 10 - - SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 11 10 10 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 12 - - SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 13 10 10 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 14 journal journal NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 3 15 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 4 1 Nat Nat NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 4 2 Rev Rev NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 4 3 Genet Genet NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 4 4 DOI DOI NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 4 5 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 5 1 10.1038 10.1038 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 5 2 / / SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 5 3 s41576 s41576 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 5 4 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 5 5 018 018 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 5 6 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 5 7 0055 0055 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 5 8 - - SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 5 9 5 5 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 5 10 sha sha NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 5 11 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 6 1 24a0a5830db6f612eb1579993fe923dd8fb58a99 24a0a5830db6f612eb1579993fe923dd8fb58a99 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 7 1 doc_id doc_id CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 7 2 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 7 3 277417 277417 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 7 4 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 7 5 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 8 1 f71jwdzj f71jwdzj NNPS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 1 How how WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 2 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 3 evolves evolve VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 4 after after IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 5 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 6 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 7 jumps jump VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 8 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 9 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 10 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 11 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 12 species species NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 13 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 14 central central JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 15 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 16 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 17 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 9 18 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 2 current current JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 3 understanding understanding NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 5 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 6 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 7 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 8 based base VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 9 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 10 insights insight NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 11 drawn draw VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 12 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 13 two two CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 14 perspectives perspective NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 15 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 16 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 17 developed develop VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 18 largely largely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 19 independently independently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 20 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 21 long long RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 22 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 23 standing stand VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 24 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 25 theory theory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 26 based base VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 27 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 28 limited limited JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 29 real real JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 30 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 31 examples example NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 32 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 33 often often RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 34 lack lack VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 35 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 36 genomic genomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 37 basis basis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 38 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 39 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 40 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 41 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 42 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 43 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 44 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 45 determining determine VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 46 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 47 using use VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 48 cell cell NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 49 culture culture NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 50 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 51 animal animal NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 52 models model NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 10 53 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 1 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 2 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 3 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 4 understanding understanding NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 6 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 7 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 8 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 10 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 11 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 12 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 13 achieved achieve VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 14 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 15 bridging bridge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 16 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 17 gap gap NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 18 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 19 these these DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 20 two two CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 21 research research NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 22 pathways pathway NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 23 through through IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 25 phylogenomic phylogenomic NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 26 analysis analysis NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 27 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 28 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 29 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 30 sequence sequence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 31 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 32 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 33 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 34 guide guide NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 35 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 36 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 37 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 11 38 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 1 Despite despite IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 2 many many JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 3 advances advance NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 4 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 6 understanding understanding NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 8 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 9 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 10 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 11 how how WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 12 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 13 evolves evolve VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 14 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 15 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 16 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 17 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 18 particularly particularly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 19 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 20 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 21 jump jump NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 22 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 23 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 24 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 25 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 26 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 27 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 28 continues continue VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 29 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 30 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 31 contentious contentious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 12 32 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 13 1 Will Will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 13 2 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 13 3 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 13 4 become become VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 13 5 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 13 6 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 13 7 less less RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 13 8 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 13 9 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 13 10 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 13 11 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 13 12 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 13 13 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 14 1 What what WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 14 2 level level NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 14 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 14 4 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 14 5 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 14 6 optimized optimize VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 14 7 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 14 8 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 14 9 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 14 10 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 14 11 why why WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 14 12 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 1 Is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 2 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 3 any any DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 5 association association NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 6 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 7 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 8 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 9 jumping jumping NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 10 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 11 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 12 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 13 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 14 predictions prediction NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 15 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 16 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 17 made make VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 18 about about IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 19 how how WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 20 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 21 might may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 22 evolve evolve VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 23 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 24 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 15 25 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 1 Not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 2 only only RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 3 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 4 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 5 answers answer NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 6 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 7 these these DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 8 questions question NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 9 reveal reveal VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 10 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 11 aspects aspect NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 13 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 14 biology biology NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 16 but but CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 18 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 19 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 20 assist assist VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 21 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 22 infectious infectious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 23 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 24 management management NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 25 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 26 mitigation mitigation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 27 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 28 particularly particularly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 29 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 30 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 31 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 32 other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 33 animals animal NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 34 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 35 plants plant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 36 face face VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 37 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 38 continual continual JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 39 threat threat NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 40 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 41 emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 42 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 16 43 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 2 term term NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 3 ' ' `` cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 4 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 5 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 6 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 7 different different JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 8 meanings meaning NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 9 depending depend VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 10 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 11 context context NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 13 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 14 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 15 assessed assess VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 16 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 17 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 18 variety variety NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 19 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 20 ways way NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 21 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 22 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 23 often often RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 24 only only RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 25 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 26 operational operational JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 27 measure measure NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 28 1 1 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 17 29 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 1 To to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 2 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 3 as as RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 4 general general JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 5 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 6 possible possible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 7 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 9 assume assume VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 10 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 11 simple simple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 12 working work VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 13 definition definition NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 14 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 15 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 16 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 17 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 18 harm harm NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 19 caused cause VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 20 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 21 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 22 infection infection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 23 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 24 particularly particularly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 25 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 26 terms term NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 27 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 28 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 29 morbidity morbidity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 30 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 31 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 18 32 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 1 Virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 2 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 3 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 4 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 5 complex complex JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 6 trait trait NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 7 determined determine VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 8 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 9 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 10 combination combination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 12 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 14 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 15 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 16 environmental environmental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 17 factors factor NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 19 18 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 3 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 4 obviously obviously RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 5 necessary necessary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 6 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 7 understand understand VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 8 all all DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 9 three three CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 10 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 12 focus focus VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 13 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 14 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 15 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 17 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 19 component component NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 20 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 21 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 22 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 23 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 24 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 25 tractable tractable JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 26 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 27 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 28 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 29 small small JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 30 genomes genome NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 31 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 32 rapid rapid JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 33 replication replication NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 34 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 35 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 36 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 37 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 38 facilitating facilitate VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 39 comparative comparative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 40 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 41 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 42 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 43 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 44 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 45 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 46 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 47 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 48 strong strong JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 49 evidence evidence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 50 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 51 heritable heritable JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 52 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 53 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 54 variation variation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 55 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 56 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 57 2 2 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 20 58 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 3 purposely purposely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 4 focus focus VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 5 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 6 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 7 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 8 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 9 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 10 genomes genome NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 11 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 12 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 13 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 14 wide wide JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 15 association association NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 16 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 18 GWAS GWAS NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 20 promise promise VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 21 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 22 open open VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 23 up up RP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 24 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 25 ways way NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 26 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 27 explore explore VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 28 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 29 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 30 impact impact NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 31 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 32 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 33 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 34 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 35 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 36 genomes genome NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 37 3 3 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 38 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 39 hence hence RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 40 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 41 intimate intimate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 42 interaction interaction NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 43 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 44 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 45 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 46 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 47 4 4 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 21 48 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 1 Another another DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 2 complexity complexity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 3 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 4 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 6 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 7 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 8 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 9 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 10 metagenomics metagenomics NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 11 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 12 increasingly increasingly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 13 showing show VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 14 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 15 mixed mixed JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 17 that that RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 18 is is RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 20 polymicrobial polymicrobial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 22 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 23 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 24 commonplace commonplace JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 25 5 5 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 26 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 27 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 28 even even RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 29 seemingly seemingly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 30 healthy healthy JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 31 hosts host NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 32 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 33 carry carry VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 34 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 35 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 36 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 37 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 38 kind kind NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 39 often often RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 40 thought think VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 41 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 42 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 43 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 44 6 6 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 45 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 46 7 7 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 22 47 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 1 Determining determine VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 2 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 3 microorganism microorganism NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 4 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 6 cause cause NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 8 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 9 particular particular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 10 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 11 syndrome syndrome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 12 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 13 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 14 troublesome troublesome JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 16 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 18 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 19 possible possible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 20 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 21 overt overt JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 22 illness illness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 23 might may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 24 result result VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 25 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 26 synergistic synergistic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 27 interactions interaction NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 28 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 29 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 30 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 31 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 32 overwhelm overwhelm VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 33 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 34 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 23 35 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 1 Hence hence RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 4 model model NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 6 one one CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 7 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 8 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 9 one one CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 10 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 11 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 12 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 13 dominated dominate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 14 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 16 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 17 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 18 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 19 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 20 implicitly implicitly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 21 models model NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 22 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 23 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 24 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 25 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 26 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 27 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 28 overly overly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 29 simplistic simplistic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 24 30 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 2 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 3 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 4 possible possible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 5 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 6 measurements measurement NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 8 relative relative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 9 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 10 vary vary VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 11 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 12 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 13 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 14 wildlife wildlife NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 15 populations population NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 25 16 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 1 For for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 2 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 4 whereas whereas IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 5 dengue dengue NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 6 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 7 considered consider VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 8 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 9 important important JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 10 infectious infectious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 11 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 13 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 14 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 16 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 17 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 18 dengue dengue NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 19 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 20 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 21 low low JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 22 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 23 terms term NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 24 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 25 overall overall JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 26 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 27 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 28 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 29 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 30 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 31 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 32 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 33 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 34 severity severity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 35 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 36 go go VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 37 unnoticed unnoticed JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 38 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 39 wildlife wildlife NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 40 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 41 particularly particularly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 42 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 43 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 44 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 45 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 46 strong strong JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 47 sampling sampling NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 48 bias bias NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 49 towards towards IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 50 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 51 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 52 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 53 presentations presentation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 26 54 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 1 Virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 2 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 3 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 4 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 5 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 6 traditionally traditionally RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 7 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 8 studied study VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 9 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 10 one one CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 12 two two CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 13 separate separate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 14 research research NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 15 paths path NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 16 -the -the : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 17 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 18 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 19 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 20 empirical empirical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 21 -that -that NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 22 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 23 largely largely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 24 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 25 pursued pursue VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 26 independently independently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 27 27 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 2 theory theory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 3 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 4 empiricism empiricism NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 5 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 6 each each DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 7 generated generate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 8 important important JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 9 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 10 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 11 insights insight NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 14 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 15 each each DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 16 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 17 able able JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 18 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 19 paint paint VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 20 only only RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 21 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 22 partial partial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 23 picture picture NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 24 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 25 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 26 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 28 27 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 29 1 Few few JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 29 2 attempts attempt NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 29 3 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 29 4 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 29 5 made make VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 29 6 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 29 7 bridge bridge VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 29 8 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 29 9 divide divide NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 29 10 8,9 8,9 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 29 11 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 1 There there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 2 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 3 now now RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 4 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 5 large large JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 6 body body NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 8 long long RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 9 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 10 standing stand VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 11 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 12 theory theory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 13 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 14 considers consider VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 15 what what WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 16 level level NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 17 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 18 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 19 maximizes maximize VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 20 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 21 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 22 under under IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 23 variable variable JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 24 conditions condition NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 25 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 26 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 27 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 28 differing differ VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 29 modes mode NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 30 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 31 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 32 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 33 levels level NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 34 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 35 co co NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 36 - - NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 37 infection infection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 38 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 39 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 40 pressures pressure NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 41 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 42 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 43 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 44 within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 45 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 46 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 47 hosts host NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 48 10 10 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 30 49 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 2 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 3 great great JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 4 value value NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 5 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 6 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 7 drawback drawback NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 8 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 9 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 10 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 11 work work NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 12 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 13 unavoidably unavoidably RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 14 based base VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 15 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 16 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 17 small small JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 18 number number NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 19 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 20 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 21 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 22 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 23 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 24 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 25 famous famous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 26 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 27 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 28 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 29 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 30 co co NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 31 - - NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 32 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 33 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 34 myxoma myxoma NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 35 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 37 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 39 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 40 European european JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 41 rabbits rabbit NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 42 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 43 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 44 release release NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 45 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 46 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 47 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 48 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 49 biological biological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 50 control control NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 51 11 11 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 31 52 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 1 However however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 4 insights insight NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 5 Virulence Virulence NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 6 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 7 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 8 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 9 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 10 defined define VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 11 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 12 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 13 range range NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 14 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 15 casespecific casespecific NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 16 ways way NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 17 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 18 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 19 simplest simple JJS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 20 definition definition NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 21 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 22 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 23 severity severity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 24 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 25 harmfulness harmfulness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 26 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 27 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 28 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 32 29 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 2 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 4 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 5 material material NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 6 recovered recover VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 7 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 8 microbial microbial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 10 including include VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 11 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 13 communities community NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 14 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 15 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 16 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 17 sequence sequence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 18 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 19 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 20 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 21 generated generate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 22 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 23 all all PDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 25 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 26 present present JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 33 27 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 2 reduction reduction NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 3 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 4 numbers number NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 5 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 6 elimination elimination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 8 pest pest NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 9 organisms organism NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 10 through through IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 11 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 12 introduction introduction NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 13 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 14 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 15 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 34 16 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 1 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 2 examples example NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 3 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 4 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 5 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 6 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 7 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 8 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 9 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 10 adequately adequately RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 11 inform inform VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 12 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 13 models model NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 14 confronted confront VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 15 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 16 novel novel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 17 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 18 real real JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 19 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 20 world world NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 21 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 22 events event NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 35 23 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 1 By by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 2 contrast contrast NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 4 empirical empirical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 5 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 6 involve involve VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 7 laboratorybased laboratorybase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 8 methods method NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 9 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 10 identify identify VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 11 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 12 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 13 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 14 affect affect VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 15 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 17 that that RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 18 is is RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 20 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 21 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 23 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 24 usually usually RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 25 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 26 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 27 basis basis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 28 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 29 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 30 combination combination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 31 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 32 reverse reverse JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 33 genetics genetic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 34 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 35 cell cell NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 36 culture culture NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 37 and/or and/or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 38 animal animal NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 39 models model NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 40 8 8 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 41 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 42 9 9 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 43 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 45 12 12 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 48 13 13 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 36 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 37 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 37 2 14 14 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 37 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 37 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 37 5 15 15 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 37 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 37 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 37 8 16 16 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 37 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 37 10 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 1 These these DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 2 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 3 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 4 often often RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 5 very very RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 6 successful successful JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 7 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 8 pinpointing pinpoint VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 9 causal causal JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 10 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 12 see see VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 13 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 14 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 15 considered consider VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 16 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 17 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 18 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 19 context context NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 20 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 22 relevance relevance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 23 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 24 general general JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 25 theories theory NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 26 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 27 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 28 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 29 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 30 usually usually RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 31 ignored ignore VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 38 32 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 2 addition addition NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 4 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 5 vitro vitro FW cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 6 methods method NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 7 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 8 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 9 reflect reflect VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 10 real real JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 11 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 12 world world NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 13 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 14 pressures pressure NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 16 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 17 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 18 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 19 little little JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 20 consideration consideration NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 21 about about IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 22 how how WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 23 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 24 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 25 affect affect VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 26 inter inter JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 27 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 28 host host JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 29 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 30 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 31 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 32 animal animal NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 33 models model NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 34 commonly commonly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 35 differ differ VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 36 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 37 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 38 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 39 infected infect VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 40 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 41 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 42 field field NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 39 43 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 1 For for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 2 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 4 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 5 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 6 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 7 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 8 identified identify VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 9 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 10 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 11 basis basis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 13 in in FW cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 14 vitro vitro FW cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 15 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 16 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 17 mouse mouse NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 18 models model NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 19 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 20 often often RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 21 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 22 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 23 upheld uphold VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 24 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 25 reverse reverse JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 26 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 27 experiments experiment NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 28 using use VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 29 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 30 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 31 rabbit rabbit NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 32 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 33 17 17 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 40 34 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 3 despite despite IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 4 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 5 regularity regularity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 8 use use NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 9 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 10 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 11 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 12 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 13 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 14 long long RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 15 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 16 standing stand VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 17 debate debate NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 18 over over IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 19 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 20 validity validity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 21 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 22 ferrets ferret NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 23 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 24 accurate accurate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 25 models model NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 26 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 27 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 28 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 29 18 18 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 41 30 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 1 Bridging bridge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 3 gap gap NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 4 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 6 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 7 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 8 empirical empirical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 9 approaches approach NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 10 would would MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 11 bring bring VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 12 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 13 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 14 impetus impetus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 15 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 16 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 17 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 18 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 19 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 42 20 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 2 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 3 Review Review NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 6 outline outline VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 7 how how WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 8 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 9 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 10 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 11 achieved achieve VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 12 within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 13 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 14 phylogenomics phylogenomic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 15 framework framework NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 43 16 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 2 show show VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 3 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 4 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 5 phylogenies phylogeny NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 6 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 7 being be VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 8 increasingly increasingly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 9 used use VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 10 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 11 help help VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 12 identify identify VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 13 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 14 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 15 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 16 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 17 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 18 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 19 obtained obtain VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 20 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 21 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 22 used use VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 23 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 24 test test VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 25 general general JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 26 theories theory NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 27 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 28 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 29 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 44 30 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 1 Such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 2 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 3 phylogenomic phylogenomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 4 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 5 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 6 studying study VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 7 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 8 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 9 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 10 timely timely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 11 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 13 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 14 rapidity rapidity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 15 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 16 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 17 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 18 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 19 sequence sequence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 20 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 21 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 22 now now RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 23 being be VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 24 generated generate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 25 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 26 including include VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 27 during during IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 28 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 29 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 30 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 31 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 32 emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 33 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 35 19 19 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 45 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 2 20 20 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 5 21 21 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 7 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 8 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 9 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 10 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 11 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 12 development development NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 13 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 14 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 15 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 16 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 17 based base VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 18 methods method NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 19 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 20 studying study VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 21 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 22 visualizing visualize VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 23 genomic genomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 24 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 26 22 22 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 46 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 47 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 47 2 23 23 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 47 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 47 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 47 5 24 24 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 47 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 47 7 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 1 However however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 4 success success NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 6 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 7 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 8 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 9 requires require VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 10 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 11 phylogenomic phylogenomic NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 12 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 13 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 14 combined combine VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 15 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 16 relevant relevant JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 17 clinical clinical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 18 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 19 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 20 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 21 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 22 metadata metadata NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 23 so so IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 24 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 25 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 26 direct direct JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 27 link link NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 28 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 29 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 30 made make VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 31 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 32 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 33 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 34 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 35 genotype genotype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 36 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 37 phenotype phenotype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 38 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 39 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 40 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 41 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 48 42 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 1 Arguably arguably RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 3 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 4 interesting interesting JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 5 context context NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 7 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 8 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 9 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 10 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 11 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 12 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 13 jump jump NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 14 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 15 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 16 sits sit VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 17 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 18 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 19 heart heart NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 20 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 21 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 22 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 23 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 24 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 25 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 26 question question NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 27 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 28 how how WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 29 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 30 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 31 evolve evolve VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 32 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 33 commonly commonly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 34 asked ask VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 35 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 36 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 37 appearance appearance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 38 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 39 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 40 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 41 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 42 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 43 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 44 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 45 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 46 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 47 existing exist VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 48 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 49 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 50 altered alter VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 51 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 52 range range NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 54 box box NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 55 1 1 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 49 57 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 1 To to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 2 make make VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 3 meaningful meaningful JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 4 inferences inference NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 5 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 7 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 8 important important JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 9 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 10 compare compare VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 11 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 13 both both CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 14 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 15 reservoir reservoir NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 17 that that RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 18 is is RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 20 donor donor NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 22 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 23 novel novel NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 25 that that RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 26 is is RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 27 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 28 recipient recipient NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 30 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 31 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 50 32 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 2 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 3 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 4 sound sound VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 5 straightforward straightforward JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 6 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 7 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 8 tractable tractable JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 9 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 10 some some DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 11 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 12 25 25 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 14 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 15 reality reality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 17 faces face VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 18 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 19 number number NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 20 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 21 difficulties difficulty NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 51 22 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 2 many many JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 3 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 5 including include VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 6 common common JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 7 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 8 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 9 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 10 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 11 C C NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 12 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 13 26 26 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 14 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 15 as as RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 16 well well RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 17 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 18 emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 19 infectious infectious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 20 diseases disease NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 21 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 22 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 23 Zika Zika NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 24 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 26 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 28 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 29 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 30 reservoir reservoir NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 31 species species NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 32 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 33 unknown unknown JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 34 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 35 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 36 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 37 best good JJS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 38 uncertain uncertain JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 52 39 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 1 Even even RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 2 if if IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 3 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 4 reservoir reservoir NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 5 species species NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 6 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 7 known know VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 8 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 10 generally generally RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 11 know know VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 12 little little JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 14 if if IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 15 anything anything NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 16 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 17 about about IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 18 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 19 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 20 that that DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 21 species species NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 22 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 23 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 24 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 25 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 26 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 27 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 28 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 29 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 30 ascertainment ascertainment NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 31 bias bias NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 32 towards towards IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 33 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 34 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 35 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 36 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 53 37 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 1 For for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 2 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 4 although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 5 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 7 fruit fruit NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 8 bats bat NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 9 appear appear VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 10 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 11 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 12 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 13 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 14 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 15 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 17 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 54 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 1 27 27 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 3 little little JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 4 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 5 known know VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 6 about about IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 8 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 9 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 10 these these DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 11 animals animal NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 12 28 28 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 14 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 15 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 16 true true JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 17 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 18 many many JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 19 wildlife wildlife NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 20 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 55 21 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 2 identification identification NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 4 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 5 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 6 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 7 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 8 change change VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 9 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 10 better well JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 11 sampling sampling NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 13 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 14 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 15 invariably invariably RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 16 poor poor JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 17 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 18 wildlife wildlife NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 56 19 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 1 For for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 2 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 5 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 6 long long RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 7 thought think VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 8 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 9 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 10 canine canine JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 11 parvovirus parvovirus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 13 CPV CPV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 15 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 16 emerged emerge VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 17 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 18 dogs dog NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 19 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 20 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 21 late late JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 22 1970s 1970 NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 23 had have VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 24 jumped jump VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 25 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 26 cats cat NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 27 infected infect VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 28 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 29 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 30 closely closely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 31 related related JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 32 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 33 29 29 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 57 34 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 1 However however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 3 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 4 recent recent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 5 sampling sampling NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 7 wild wild JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 8 carnivore carnivore NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 9 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 10 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 11 shown show VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 12 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 13 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 14 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 15 incorrect incorrect JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 16 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 17 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 18 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 19 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 20 true true JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 21 reservoir reservoir NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 22 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 23 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 24 CPV CPV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 25 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 26 unclear unclear JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 27 30 30 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 58 28 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 4 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 5 crucial crucial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 6 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 7 understand understand VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 8 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 9 processes process NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 10 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 11 including include VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 12 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 14 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 15 reservoir reservoir NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 16 hosts host NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 17 under under IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 18 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 19 conditions condition NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 20 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 21 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 22 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 23 require require VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 24 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 25 detailed detailed JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 26 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 27 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 28 animal animal NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 29 ecology ecology NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 59 30 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 3 currently currently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 4 know know VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 5 little little JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 6 about about IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 7 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 8 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 9 reservoir reservoir NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 10 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 11 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 12 comparative comparative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 13 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 14 tell tell VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 15 us -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 16 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 17 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 18 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 19 average average JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 20 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 21 low low JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 22 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 23 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 24 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 25 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 26 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 27 greater great JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 28 chance chance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 29 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 30 successfully successfully RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 31 establishing establish VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 32 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 33 cycles cycle NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 34 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 35 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 36 than than IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 37 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 38 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 39 higher high JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 40 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 41 31 31 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 60 42 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 2 greater great JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 3 chance chance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 4 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 5 presumably presumably RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 6 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 7 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 8 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 9 requires require VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 10 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 11 greater great JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 12 supply supply NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 13 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 14 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 15 hosts host NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 16 during during IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 17 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 18 early early JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 19 stages stage NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 20 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 21 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 61 22 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 1 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 2 biologists biologist NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 3 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 4 had have VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 5 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 6 long long JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 7 fascination fascination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 8 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 9 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 11 32 32 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 14 33 33 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 17 34 34 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 20 35 35 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 23 36 36 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 26 37 37 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 62 28 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 1 Because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 2 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 3 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 4 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 5 very very RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 6 large large JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 7 literature literature NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 8 base base NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 9 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 10 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 11 subject subject NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 14 necessarily necessarily RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 15 provide provide VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 16 only only RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 17 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 18 brief brief JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 19 overview overview NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 20 here here RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 63 21 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 1 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 2 straightforward straightforward JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 3 interpretation interpretation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 5 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 6 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 7 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 8 that that DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 9 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 10 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 11 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 12 optimize optimize VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 13 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 14 level level NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 16 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 17 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 18 maximizes maximize VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 19 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 20 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 21 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 22 expressed express VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 23 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 25 basic basic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 26 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 27 number number NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 29 R r NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 30 0 0 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 32 1 1 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 33 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 34 although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 35 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 36 reality reality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 37 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 38 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 39 shaped shape VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 40 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 41 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 42 complex complex JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 43 set set NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 44 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 45 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 46 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 47 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 48 interactions interaction NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 49 38 38 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 50 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 51 39 39 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 64 52 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 1 Current current JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 3 theory theory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 4 tells tell VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 5 us -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 6 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 7 when when WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 8 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 9 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 10 jumps jump VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 11 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 12 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 13 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 14 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 17 initial initial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 18 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 19 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 20 vary vary VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 21 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 22 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 23 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 24 highly highly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 25 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 26 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 27 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 28 precisely precisely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 29 where where WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 30 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 31 lies lie VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 32 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 33 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 34 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 35 spectrum spectrum NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 36 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 37 difficult difficult JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 38 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 39 predict predict VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 65 40 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 1 However however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 4 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 5 possible possible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 6 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 7 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 8 direction direction NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 9 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 10 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 11 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 12 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 13 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 14 anticipated anticipate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 16 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 17 least least JJS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 18 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 19 part part NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 20 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 21 if if IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 22 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 23 key key JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 24 relationship relationship NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 25 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 26 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 27 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 28 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 29 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 30 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 31 hence hence RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 32 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 33 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 34 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 35 understood understand VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 66 36 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 3 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 4 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 5 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 6 evidence evidence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 7 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 8 insect insect NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 9 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 10 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 11 host host VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 12 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 13 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 14 able able JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 15 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 16 predict predict VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 17 some some DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 18 aspects aspect NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 19 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 20 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 21 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 22 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 23 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 24 jumps jump VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 25 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 26 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 27 related related JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 28 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 29 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 30 tending tend VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 31 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 32 have have VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 33 similar similar JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 34 levels level NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 35 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 36 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 37 25 25 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 67 38 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 1 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 2 commonly commonly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 3 stated state VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 4 idea idea NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 5 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 6 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 7 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 8 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 9 often often RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 10 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 11 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 12 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 13 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 14 off off NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 15 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 16 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 17 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 18 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 19 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 20 intra intra JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 21 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 22 host host JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 23 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 24 replication replication NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 25 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 26 necessary necessary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 27 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 28 facilitate facilitate VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 29 inter inter JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 30 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 31 host host JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 32 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 33 but but CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 34 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 35 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 36 lead lead VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 37 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 38 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 39 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 40 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 41 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 42 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 43 impossible impossible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 44 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 45 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 46 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 47 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 48 optimize optimize VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 49 all all DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 50 traits trait NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 51 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 68 52 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 3 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 5 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 6 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 7 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 8 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 9 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 10 off off NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 11 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 12 thought think VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 13 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 14 lead lead VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 15 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 16 ' ' `` cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 17 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 18 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 19 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 20 grades grade NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 21 being be VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 22 selectively selectively RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 23 advantageous advantageous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 24 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 25 higher high JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 26 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 27 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 28 mean mean VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 29 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 30 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 31 rabbit rabbit NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 32 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 33 dies die VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 34 before before IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 35 interhost interhost NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 36 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 37 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 38 whereas whereas IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 39 lower low JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 40 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 41 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 42 selected select VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 43 against against IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 44 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 45 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 46 does do VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 47 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 48 increase increase VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 49 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 50 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 51 rates rate NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 69 52 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 1 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 2 similar similar JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 3 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 4 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 5 off off RP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 6 model model NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 7 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 8 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 9 proposed propose VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 10 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 11 explain explain VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 13 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 14 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 16 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 17 40 40 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 70 18 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 1 However however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 3 many many JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 4 doubts doubt NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 5 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 6 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 7 raised raise VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 8 about about IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 9 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 10 general general JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 11 applicability applicability NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 13 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 14 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 15 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 16 off off RP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 17 model model NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 18 35 35 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 21 41 41 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 24 42 42 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 27 43 43 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 29 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 30 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 31 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 32 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 33 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 34 affected affect VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 35 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 36 traits trait NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 37 other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 38 than than IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 39 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 40 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 41 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 42 39 39 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 43 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 44 41 41 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 45 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 46 44 44 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 47 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 48 contrary contrary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 49 results result NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 50 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 51 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 52 observed observe VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 53 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 54 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 55 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 56 45 45 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 57 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 58 relatively relatively RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 59 little little JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 60 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 61 known know VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 62 about about IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 63 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 64 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 65 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 66 offs off NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 67 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 68 nature nature NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 71 69 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 1 For for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 2 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 4 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 6 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 9 second second JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 10 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 11 released release VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 12 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 13 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 14 biocontrol biocontrol NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 15 against against IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 16 European european JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 17 rabbits rabbit NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 18 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 19 Australia Australia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 20 -rabbit -rabbit HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 21 haemorrhagic haemorrhagic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 22 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 23 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 25 RHDV RHDV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 72 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 1 -there -there NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 2 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 3 evidence evidence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 4 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 5 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 6 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 7 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 8 through through IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 9 time time NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 10 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 11 probably probably RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 12 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 13 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 14 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 15 often often RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 16 occurs occur VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 17 through through IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 18 blow blow NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 19 flies fly NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 20 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 21 feed feed VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 22 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 23 animal animal NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 24 carcasses carcass NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 25 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 26 making make VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 27 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 28 death death NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 29 selectively selectively RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 30 favourable favourable JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 31 46 46 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 73 32 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 3 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 4 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 6 plant plant NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 8 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 9 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 10 shown show VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 11 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 12 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 13 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 14 does do VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 15 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 16 necessarily necessarily RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 17 impede impede VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 18 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 19 adaptation adaptation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 20 47 47 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 21 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 22 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 23 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 25 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 26 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 27 malaria malaria NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 28 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 29 higher high JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 30 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 31 www.nature.com/nrg www.nature.com/nrg NFP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 32 Reverse Reverse NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 33 genetics genetic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 34 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 35 method method NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 36 used use VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 37 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 38 identify identify VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 39 gene gene NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 40 function function NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 41 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 42 modifying modify VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 43 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 44 sequence sequence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 45 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 46 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 47 target target NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 48 gene gene NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 49 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 50 analysing analyse VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 51 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 52 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 53 consequences consequence NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 74 54 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 2 inference inference NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 4 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 5 patterns pattern NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 6 and/or and/or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 7 processes process NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 8 through through IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 9 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 10 comparison comparison NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 12 whole whole JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 13 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 14 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 15 sequences sequence NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 75 16 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 76 1 Depiction depiction NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 76 2 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 76 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 76 4 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 76 5 history history NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 76 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 76 7 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 76 8 genetically genetically RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 76 9 related relate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 76 10 group group NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 76 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 76 12 organisms organism NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 76 13 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 77 1 Contains contain VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 77 2 branches branch NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 77 3 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 77 4 nodes node NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 77 5 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 1 Infectious infectious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 2 diseases disease NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 3 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 4 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 5 recently recently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 6 appeared appear VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 7 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 8 populations population NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 9 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 10 known know VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 11 diseases disease NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 12 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 13 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 14 rapidly rapidly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 15 increasing increase VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 16 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 17 incidence incidence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 18 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 19 geographic geographic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 20 range range NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 78 21 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 79 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 79 2 R r NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 79 3 0 0 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 79 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 79 5 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 1 Represents represent VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 3 number number NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 5 secondary secondary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 6 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 7 caused cause VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 8 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 9 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 10 infectious infectious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 11 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 13 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 14 entirely entirely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 15 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 16 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 80 17 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 1 occurs occur VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 2 when when WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 3 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 4 change change NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 5 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 6 one one CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 7 trait trait NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 8 increases increase VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 9 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 10 but but CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 11 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 12 reduces reduce VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 13 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 14 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 17 impact impact NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 18 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 19 another another DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 20 trait trait NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 21 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 22 thereby thereby RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 23 preventing prevent VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 25 organism organism NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 26 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 27 optimizing optimize VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 28 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 29 traits trait NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 81 30 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 1 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 2 shown show VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 3 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 4 provide provide VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 6 Plasmodium Plasmodium NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 7 parasites parasite NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 8 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 9 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 10 competitive competitive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 11 advantage advantage NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 12 within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 13 hosts host NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 14 48 48 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 82 15 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 1 Other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 2 factors factor NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 3 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 4 addition addition NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 5 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 6 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 7 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 8 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 9 offs off NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 10 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 11 shape shape VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 13 level level NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 14 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 15 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 16 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 17 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 18 emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 19 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 83 20 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 1 For for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 2 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 4 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 5 short short JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 6 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 7 sighted sighted JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 8 ' ' POS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 9 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 10 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 11 within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 12 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 13 single single JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 14 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 15 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 16 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 17 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 18 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 19 inter inter JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 20 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 21 host host JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 22 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 23 49 49 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 24 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 25 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 26 newly newly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 27 emerged emerge VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 28 ' ' `` cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 29 spillover spillover NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 30 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 31 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 32 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 33 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 34 experienced experience VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 35 only only RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 36 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 37 limited limited JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 38 number number NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 39 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 40 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 41 events event NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 42 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 43 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 44 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 45 have have VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 46 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 47 levels level NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 48 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 49 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 50 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 51 yet yet RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 52 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 53 optimized optimize VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 54 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 55 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 56 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 57 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 58 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 59 50 50 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 84 60 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 3 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 4 spillover spillover NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 5 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 6 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 7 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 8 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 9 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 10 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 11 largely largely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 12 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 13 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 14 mercy mercy NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 16 random random JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 17 drift drift NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 18 effects effect NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 20 including include VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 21 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 22 severe severe JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 23 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 24 bottlenecks bottleneck NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 25 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 26 routinely routinely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 27 accompany accompany VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 28 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 29 events event NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 30 51 51 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 85 31 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 1 Finally finally RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 4 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 5 possible possible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 6 that that DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 7 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 8 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 9 sometimes sometimes RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 10 simply simply RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 11 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 12 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 13 coincidental coincidental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 14 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 15 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 16 product product NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 17 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 18 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 19 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 20 another another DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 21 trait trait NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 22 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 23 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 24 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 25 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 26 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 27 another another DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 28 species species NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 86 29 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 1 Theory theory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 2 therefore therefore RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 3 tells tell VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 4 us -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 5 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 6 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 7 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 8 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 9 increase increase VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 10 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 11 decrease decrease VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 12 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 13 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 14 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 15 depending depend VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 16 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 17 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 18 particular particular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 19 combination combination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 20 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 21 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 22 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 23 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 24 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 25 environment environment NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 26 1 1 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 27 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 28 32 32 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 29 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 30 33 33 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 31 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 32 37 37 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 33 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 34 41 41 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 35 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 36 52 52 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 37 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 38 53 53 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 87 39 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 2 providing provide VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 3 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 4 useful useful JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 5 framework framework NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 6 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 7 theory theory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 8 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 9 provide provide VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 10 only only RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 11 useful useful JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 12 generalities generality NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 13 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 14 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 15 relevant relevant JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 16 factors factor NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 17 vary vary VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 18 substantially substantially RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 19 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 20 need need VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 21 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 22 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 23 assessed assess VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 24 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 25 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 26 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 27 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 28 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 29 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 30 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 31 basis basis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 88 32 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 1 Virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 2 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 3 could could MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 5 however however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 6 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 7 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 8 better well RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 9 understood understand VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 10 if if IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 12 genomic genomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 13 basis basis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 14 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 15 known know VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 89 16 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 1 Phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 2 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 4 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 5 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 6 including include VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 7 those those DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 8 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 9 consider consider VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 10 whole whole JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 11 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 12 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 13 sequences sequence NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 14 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 15 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 16 commonplace commonplace JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 17 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 18 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 19 often often RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 20 used use VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 21 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 22 understand understand VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 23 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 24 variety variety NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 25 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 26 aspects aspect NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 27 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 28 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 29 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 90 30 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 2 particular particular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 4 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 5 phylogenies phylogeny NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 6 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 7 being be VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 8 increasingly increasingly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 9 used use VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 10 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 11 understand understand VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 13 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 14 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 15 key key JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 16 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 17 traits trait NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 18 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 19 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 20 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 21 9 9 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 23 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 24 see see VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 25 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 26 examples example NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 27 described describe VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 28 below below RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 91 30 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 1 Phylogenomics Phylogenomics NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 2 provides provide VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 3 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 4 informative informative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 5 way way NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 6 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 7 help help VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 8 understand understand VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 9 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 10 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 11 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 12 establishes establish VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 13 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 14 set set NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 16 hypotheses hypothesis NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 17 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 18 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 19 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 20 tested test VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 21 using use VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 22 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 23 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 24 assays assay NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 25 8 8 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 26 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 27 9 9 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 92 28 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 2 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 3 believe believe VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 4 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 5 phylogenomics phylogenomic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 6 provides provide VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 7 valuable valuable JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 8 information information NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 9 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 10 how how WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 11 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 12 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 13 acts act VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 14 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 15 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 16 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 17 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 18 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 19 used use VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 20 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 21 test test VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 22 general general JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 23 models model NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 24 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 25 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 26 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 27 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 28 thereby thereby RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 29 providing provide VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 30 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 31 key key JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 32 link link NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 33 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 34 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 35 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 36 empirical empirical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 37 approaches approach NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 38 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 39 studying study VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 40 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 41 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 93 42 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 94 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 94 2 crux crux NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 94 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 94 4 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 94 5 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 94 6 involves involve VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 94 7 mapping mapping NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 94 8 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 94 9 _SP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 1 There there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 2 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 3 no no DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 4 clear clear JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 5 understanding understanding NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 6 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 7 whether whether IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 8 emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 9 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 10 become become VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 11 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 12 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 13 less less RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 14 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 15 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 16 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 17 jump jump NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 18 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 19 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 20 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 21 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 95 22 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 1 Before before IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 2 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 3 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 4 jump jump NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 5 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 6 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 7 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 8 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 9 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 10 have have VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 11 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 12 selected select VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 13 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 14 optimize optimize VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 16 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 17 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 18 onward onward JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 19 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 20 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 21 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 22 reservoir reservoir NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 23 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 96 24 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 1 However however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 3 immediately immediately RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 4 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 5 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 6 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 7 jump jump NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 8 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 9 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 10 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 11 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 12 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 13 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 14 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 15 initially initially RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 16 poorly poorly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 17 adapted adapt VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 18 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 19 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 20 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 21 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 22 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 23 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 24 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 25 inhibit inhibit VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 26 successful successful JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 27 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 28 135 135 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 29 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 30 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 31 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 32 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 33 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 34 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 35 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 36 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 37 poorly poorly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 38 adapted adapt VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 39 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 40 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 41 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 42 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 43 25 25 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 97 44 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 3 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 4 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 5 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 6 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 7 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 8 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 9 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 10 reduced reduce VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 11 likelihood likelihood NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 13 successful successful JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 14 onward onward JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 15 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 16 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 17 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 18 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 19 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 20 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 21 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 22 31 31 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 98 23 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 1 There there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 2 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 3 three three CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 4 possible possible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 5 scenarios scenario NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 6 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 7 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 8 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 9 immediately immediately RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 10 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 11 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 12 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 13 jump jump NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 16 filled fill VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 17 nodes node NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 18 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 19 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 20 figure figure NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 99 22 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 100 1 • • NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 1 Some some DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 2 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 4 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 5 devastating devastating JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 6 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 7 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 8 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 9 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 10 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 11 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 12 increase increase NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 13 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 14 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 15 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 16 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 17 cross cross JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 18 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 19 species species JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 20 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 21 event event NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 23 see see VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 25 figure figure NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 26 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 27 part part VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 28 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 101 30 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 1 For for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 2 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 4 whereas whereas IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 5 HIv HIv NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 6 almost almost RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 7 invariably invariably RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 8 progresses progress VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 9 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 10 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 11 if if IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 12 untreated untreated JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 13 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 14 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 16 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 17 African african JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 18 non non JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 19 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 20 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 21 primates primate NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 22 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 23 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 24 closely closely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 25 related related JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 26 simian simian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 27 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 28 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 30 SIv SIv NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 32 persists persist VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 33 without without IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 34 causing cause VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 35 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 36 136 136 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 37 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 38 137 137 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 39 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 40 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 41 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 42 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 43 less less JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 44 overt overt JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 45 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 46 than than IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 47 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 48 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 49 138 138 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 102 50 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 5 deliberate deliberate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 7 transfer transfer NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 8 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 9 myxoma myxoma NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 10 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 12 MYXv MYXv NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 14 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 16 South south JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 17 American american JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 18 tapeti tapeti NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 20 where where WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 22 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 23 largely largely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 24 benign benign JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 25 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 26 initially initially RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 27 resulted result VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 28 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 29 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 30 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 31 ~99 ~99 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 32 % % NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 33 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 34 European european JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 35 rabbits rabbit NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 36 11 11 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 103 37 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 104 1 • • NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 1 No no DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 2 apparent apparent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 3 change change NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 4 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 5 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 6 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 7 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 8 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 9 jump jump NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 10 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 11 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 12 seen see VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 13 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 14 H3N8 H3N8 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 15 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 16 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 17 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 18 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 19 jumped jump VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 20 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 21 horses horse NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 22 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 23 dogs dog NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 24 139 139 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 25 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 26 140 140 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 28 see see VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 29 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 30 figure figure NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 31 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 32 part part NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 33 b b NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 105 35 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 1 Disease Disease NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 2 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 3 mild mild JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 4 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 5 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 6 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 7 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 8 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 9 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 10 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 11 minimal minimal JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 12 biological biological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 13 differences difference NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 14 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 15 these these DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 16 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 17 141 141 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 106 18 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 3 rabies rabies NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 4 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 6 RABv RABv NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 8 causes cause VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 9 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 10 equally equally RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 11 severe severe JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 13 ultimately ultimately RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 14 fatal fatal JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 15 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 16 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 17 foxes fox NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 18 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 19 dogs dog NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 20 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 21 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 22 spillover spillover NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 23 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 24 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 25 142 142 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 107 26 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 108 1 • • NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 1 Cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 2 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 3 decreased decrease VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 4 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 5 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 6 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 7 largely largely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 8 overlooked overlook VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 9 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 10 avirulent avirulent NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 11 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 12 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 13 often often RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 14 persist persist VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 15 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 16 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 17 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 18 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 19 without without IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 20 detection detection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 109 21 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 1 An an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 2 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 4 decreased decrease VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 5 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 6 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 7 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 8 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 9 jump jump NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 10 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 11 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 12 that that DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 13 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 14 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 16 haematopoietic haematopoietic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 17 necrosis necrosis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 18 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 20 IHNv IHNv NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 22 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 23 spread spread VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 24 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 25 sockeye sockeye NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 26 salmon salmon NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 27 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 28 rainbow rainbow NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 29 trout trout NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 30 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 31 North North NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 32 America America NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 33 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 34 Japan Japan NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 36 see see VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 37 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 38 figure figure NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 39 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 40 part part NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 41 c c NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 110 43 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 1 upon upon IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 3 initial initial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 4 cross cross JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 5 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 6 species species JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 7 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 8 event event NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 9 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 10 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 11 1950s 1950 NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 12 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 13 1960s 1960s CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 14 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 16 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 17 seemed seem VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 18 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 19 first first RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 20 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 21 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 22 avirulent avirulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 23 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 25 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 26 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 27 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 28 contrast contrast NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 29 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 30 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 31 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 32 seen see VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 33 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 34 sockeye sockeye NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 35 salmon salmon NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 111 36 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 1 Since since IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 2 then then RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 4 however however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 5 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 6 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 7 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 8 some some DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 9 genotypes genotype NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 10 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 11 IHNv IHNv NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 13 rainbow rainbow NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 14 trout trout NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 15 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 16 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 17 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 18 itself -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 19 associated associate VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 20 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 21 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 22 increase increase NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 23 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 24 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 25 143 143 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 26 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 27 144 144 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 112 28 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 1 For for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 2 many many JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 3 diseases disease NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 5 however however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 6 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 7 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 8 extent extent NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 9 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 10 changes change NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 11 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 12 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 13 upon upon IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 14 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 15 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 16 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 17 known know VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 18 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 19 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 20 part part NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 21 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 22 little little JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 23 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 24 usually usually RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 25 known know VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 26 about about IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 27 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 28 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 29 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 30 reservoir reservoir NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 31 hosts host NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 32 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 33 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 34 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 35 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 36 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 37 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 38 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 39 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 40 sampling sampling NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 41 bias bias NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 42 towards towards IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 43 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 44 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 45 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 46 highest high JJS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 47 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 113 48 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 114 1 NATuRE NATuRE NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 115 1 REvIEwS REvIEwS NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 115 2 | | NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 116 1 GEnETiCs genetics NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 116 2 R r NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 116 3 e e NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 117 1 v v LS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 118 1 i i PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 119 1 e e NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 119 2 w w NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 119 3 s s NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 119 4 voluME voluME NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 119 5 19 19 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 119 6 | | NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 119 7 DECEMBER DECEMBER NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 119 8 2018 2018 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 120 1 | | NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 120 2 759 759 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 2 initial initial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 3 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 4 sometimes sometimes RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 5 transient transient JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 6 appearance appearance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 8 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 9 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 10 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 11 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 12 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 13 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 14 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 15 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 16 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 17 jump jump NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 121 18 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 1 onto onto IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 2 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 3 trees tree NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 5 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 6 sampled sample VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 7 within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 8 and/or and/or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 9 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 10 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 11 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 12 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 13 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 14 reservoir reservoir NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 15 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 16 novel novel NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 17 hosts host NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 122 18 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 2 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 3 location location NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 5 these these DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 6 changeswhether changeswhether NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 7 they -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 8 fall fall VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 9 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 10 shallow shallow JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 11 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 12 deep deep JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 13 nodes node NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 15 branches branch NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 123 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 124 1 and/or and/or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 124 2 singularly singularly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 124 3 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 124 4 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 124 5 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 124 6 -makes -makes . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 1 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 2 possible possible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 3 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 4 infer infer VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 5 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 6 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 7 least least JJS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 8 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 9 broad broad JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 10 terms term NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 11 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 13 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 14 pressures pressure NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 15 acting act VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 16 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 17 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 18 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 19 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 20 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 21 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 22 infer infer VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 23 important important JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 24 aspects aspect NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 25 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 26 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 27 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 29 box box NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 30 1 1 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 31 ; ; : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 32 FIg FIg NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 125 33 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 126 1 1 1 LS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 127 1 Fig Fig NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 127 2 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 128 1 1 1 LS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 128 2 | | NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 128 3 Phylogenomics Phylogenomics NNPS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 128 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 128 5 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 128 6 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 128 7 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 1 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 2 | | NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 3 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 4 model model NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 5 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 6 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 7 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 8 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 9 mapped map VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 10 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 11 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 12 fairly fairly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 13 deep deep JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 14 node node NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 15 suggesting suggest VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 16 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 17 higher high JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 18 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 19 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 20 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 21 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 22 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 129 23 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 1 b b LS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 2 | | NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 3 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 4 model model NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 5 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 6 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 7 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 8 traits trait NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 9 mapped map VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 10 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 11 shallow shallow JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 12 nodes node NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 13 suggesting suggest VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 14 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 15 higher high JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 16 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 17 reduced reduce VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 18 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 19 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 20 so so IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 21 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 22 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 23 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 24 these these DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 25 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 26 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 27 purged purge VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 28 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 29 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 30 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 31 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 32 require require VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 33 compensatory compensatory JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 34 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 130 35 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 1 c c NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 2 | | : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 3 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 4 model model NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 5 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 6 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 7 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 8 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 9 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 10 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 11 mutation mutation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 12 arising arise VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 13 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 14 times time NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 15 independently independently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 16 owing owe VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 17 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 18 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 19 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 20 convergent convergent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 21 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 131 22 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 132 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 132 2 occurrence occurrence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 132 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 132 4 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 132 5 / / SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 132 6 convergent convergent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 132 7 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 132 8 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 132 9 occur occur VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 132 10 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 132 11 frequently frequently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 132 12 than than IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 132 13 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 132 14 chance chance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 133 1 8 8 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 133 2 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 133 3 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 133 4 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 133 5 reflect reflect VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 133 6 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 133 7 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 133 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 133 9 FIg FIg NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 133 10 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 134 1 2 2 LS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 134 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 134 3 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 135 1 d d NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 135 2 | | NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 136 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 136 2 relationship relationship NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 136 3 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 136 4 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 136 5 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 136 6 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 136 7 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 136 8 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 136 9 jumps jump NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 136 10 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 1 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 2 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 3 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 4 assumed assume VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 5 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 6 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 7 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 8 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 9 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 10 peak peak NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 12 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 13 R r NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 14 0 0 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 16 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 17 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 18 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 19 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 20 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 21 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 22 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 23 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 25 reservoir reservoir NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 26 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 27 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 28 so so IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 29 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 30 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 31 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 32 determining determine VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 33 both both CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 34 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 35 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 36 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 37 range range NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 38 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 39 expected expect VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 40 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 41 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 42 subject subject JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 43 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 44 strong strong JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 45 purifying purifying NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 46 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 48 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 49 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 50 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 51 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 52 low low JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 53 value value NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 54 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 55 d d NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 56 N N NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 57 /d /d NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 58 S S NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 137 60 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 1 As as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 3 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 4 emerges emerge VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 5 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 6 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 7 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 8 recipient recipient NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 9 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 10 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 12 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 13 initially initially RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 14 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 15 maladapted maladapted JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 17 that that RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 18 is is RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 20 reside reside VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 21 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 22 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 23 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 24 valley valley NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 26 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 27 subject subject JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 28 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 29 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 30 drift drift NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 31 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 32 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 33 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 34 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 35 small small JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 138 36 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 1 As as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 3 adapts adapt VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 4 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 6 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 7 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 8 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 9 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 10 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 11 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 12 selectively selectively RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 13 optimized optimize VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 15 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 16 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 17 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 18 declining decline VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 20 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 21 increasing increase VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 22 R r NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 23 0 0 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 24 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 25 resulting result VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 26 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 27 positive positive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 28 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 30 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 31 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 32 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 33 d d NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 34 N N NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 35 /d /d NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 36 S s NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 139 37 > > XX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 140 1 1 1 LS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 140 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 140 3 although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 140 4 other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 140 5 measures measure NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 140 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 140 7 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 140 8 pressure pressure NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 140 9 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 140 10 available available JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 140 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 140 12 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 1 Once once IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 3 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 4 becomes become VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 5 adapted adapt VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 6 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 7 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 8 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 9 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 10 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 11 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 12 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 13 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 14 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 15 again again RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 16 subject subject JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 17 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 18 purifying purify VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 19 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 141 20 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 2 greater great JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 4 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 6 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 7 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 8 determinant determinant NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 9 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 10 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 11 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 12 rapidly rapidly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 14 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 15 spread spread VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 16 through through IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 17 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 18 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 19 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 20 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 21 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 22 deeper deep JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 24 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 25 fall fall VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 26 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 27 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 28 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 29 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 31 that that RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 32 is is RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 33 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 34 closer close JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 35 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 36 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 37 root root NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 38 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 39 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 40 tree tree NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 42 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 43 including include VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 44 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 45 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 46 branch branch NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 47 linking link VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 48 reservoir reservoir NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 49 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 50 novel novel NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 51 hosts host NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 142 52 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 1 Of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 2 particular particular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 3 importance importance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 4 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 5 repeated repeat VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 6 occurrences occurrence NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 9 same same JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 10 mutation mutation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 11 falling fall VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 12 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 13 deep deep JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 14 branches branch NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 15 across across IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 16 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 17 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 18 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 19 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 20 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 21 cross cross JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 22 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 23 species species JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 24 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 25 events event NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 26 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 27 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 28 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 29 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 30 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 31 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 32 convergent convergent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 33 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 34 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 35 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 36 signatures signature NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 37 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 38 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 143 39 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 144 1 8,54 8,54 LS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 144 2 - - SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 144 3 57 57 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 144 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 144 5 FIg FIg NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 144 6 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 145 1 1 1 LS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 145 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 145 3 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 1 For for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 2 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 4 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 6 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 8 West West NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 9 Nile Nile NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 10 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 12 WNV WNV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 14 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 15 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 16 single single JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 17 mutation mutation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 18 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 19 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 20 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 21 helicase helicase NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 22 protein protein NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 23 repeatedly repeatedly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 24 evolved evolve VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 25 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 26 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 27 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 28 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 29 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 30 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 31 birds bird NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 32 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 33 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 34 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 35 indicative indicative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 36 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 37 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 38 selective selective JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 39 advantage advantage NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 40 58 58 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 146 41 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 4 reversion reversion NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 5 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 6 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 7 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 8 oral oral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 9 polio polio NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 10 vaccine vaccine NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 12 OPV OPV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 14 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 16 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 17 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 18 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 19 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 20 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 21 extensive extensive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 22 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 23 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 24 8 8 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 25 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 26 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 27 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 28 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 29 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 30 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 31 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 32 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 33 hostspecific hostspecific NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 34 adaptation adaptation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 35 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 36 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 37 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 38 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 39 crossspecies crossspecie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 40 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 41 involving involve VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 42 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 43 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 44 C c NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 45 59 59 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 147 46 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 1 Because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 2 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 3 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 4 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 5 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 6 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 7 play play NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 8 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 9 phylo phylo JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 10 genies genie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 13 sequence sequence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 14 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 15 question question NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 16 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 17 have have VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 18 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 19 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 20 shape shape NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 21 24 24 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 22 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 23 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 25 sequences sequence NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 26 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 27 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 28 selected select VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 29 branches branch NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 30 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 31 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 32 contain contain VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 33 genomic genomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 34 signatures signature NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 35 indicative indicative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 36 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 37 positive positive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 38 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 39 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 40 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 41 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 42 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 43 rapid rapid JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 44 fixation fixation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 45 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 46 amino amino JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 47 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 48 changes change NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 49 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 50 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 51 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 52 rate rate NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 53 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 54 nonsynonymous nonsynonymous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 55 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 56 synonymous synonymous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 57 substitutions substitution NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 58 per per IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 59 site site NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 61 ratio ratio NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 62 d d NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 63 N N NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 64 /d /d NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 65 S S NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 67 8 8 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 68 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 69 60 60 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 148 70 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 3 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 5 frequent frequent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 6 parallel parallel NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 7 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 8 convergent convergent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 9 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 10 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 11 specific specific JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 12 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 13 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 14 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 16 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 17 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 18 possible possible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 19 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 20 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 21 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 22 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 23 sites site NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 24 involved involve VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 25 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 26 have have VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 27 signatures signature NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 28 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 29 positive positive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 30 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 31 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 32 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 33 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 34 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 35 elevated elevated JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 36 d d NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 37 N n NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 38 /d /d NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 39 S S NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 41 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 42 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 43 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 44 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 45 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 46 WNV WNV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 47 ; ; : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 48 see see VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 49 below below RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 149 51 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 1 Following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 3 same same JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 4 logic logic NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 5 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 6 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 7 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 8 fall fall VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 9 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 10 shallow shallow JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 11 branches branch NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 13 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 14 phylogenies phylogeny NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 16 that that RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 17 is is RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 18 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 19 closer close JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 20 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 21 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 22 tips tip NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 24 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 25 present present JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 26 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 27 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 28 smaller small JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 29 proportion proportion NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 30 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 31 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 32 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 33 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 34 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 35 therefore therefore RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 36 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 37 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 38 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 39 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 40 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 41 lower low JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 42 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 43 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 44 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 45 they -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 46 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 47 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 48 removed remove VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 49 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 50 purifying purify VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 51 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 150 52 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 1 Hence hence RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 3 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 4 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 5 determining determine VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 6 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 7 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 8 repeatedly repeatedly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 9 fall fall VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 10 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 11 tip tip NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 12 branches branch NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 13 alone alone RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 14 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 15 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 16 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 17 inhibit inhibit VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 18 some some DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 19 other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 20 aspect aspect NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 21 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 22 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 23 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 24 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 25 thereby thereby RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 26 reducing reduce VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 27 R r NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 28 0 0 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 29 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 30 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 31 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 32 scale scale NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 151 33 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 2 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 3 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 4 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 5 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 6 solid solid JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 7 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 8 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 9 empirical empirical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 10 basis basis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 11 61,62 61,62 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 13 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 14 complicating complicate VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 15 factor factor NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 16 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 17 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 18 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 19 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 20 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 21 determining determine VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 22 mutation mutation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 23 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 24 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 25 very very RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 26 recently recently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 27 emerged emerge VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 28 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 29 necessarily necessarily RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 30 fall fall VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 31 towards towards IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 32 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 33 tips tip NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 34 rather rather RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 35 than than IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 36 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 37 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 38 internal internal JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 39 branch branch NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 40 even even RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 41 if if IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 42 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 43 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 44 selectively selectively RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 45 advantageous advantageous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 152 46 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 153 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 153 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 153 3 although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 153 4 popular popular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 153 5 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 153 6 d d XX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 1 N N NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 2 /d /d NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 3 S S NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 4 measures measure NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 5 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 6 less less RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 7 robust robust JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 8 over over IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 9 short short JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 10 timescales timescale NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 11 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 12 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 13 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 14 during during IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 15 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 16 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 17 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 18 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 19 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 20 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 21 have have VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 22 reached reach VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 23 fixation fixation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 24 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 25 positive positive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 26 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 27 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 28 had have VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 29 time time NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 30 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 31 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 32 purged purge VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 33 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 34 purifying purify VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 35 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 36 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 37 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 38 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 39 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 40 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 41 difficult difficult JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 42 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 43 detect detect VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 44 selected select VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 45 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 46 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 47 occur occur VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 48 only only RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 49 once once RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 50 63 63 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 51 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 52 64 64 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 154 53 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 1 Approaches approach NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 2 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 3 detect detect VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 4 positive positive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 5 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 6 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 7 do do VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 8 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 9 rely rely VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 10 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 11 d d NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 12 N N NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 13 /d /d NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 14 S S NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 16 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 17 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 18 those those DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 19 based base VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 20 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 21 tree tree NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 22 shape shape NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 23 24 24 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 24 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 25 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 26 tracking tracking NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 27 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 28 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 29 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 30 increasing increase VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 31 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 32 frequency frequency NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 33 compared compare VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 34 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 35 those those DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 36 thought thought NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 37 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 38 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 39 evolving evolve VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 40 neutrally neutrally RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 41 64 64 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 42 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 43 65 65 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 44 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 45 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 46 therefore therefore RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 47 add add VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 48 analytical analytical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 49 power power NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 155 50 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 2 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 3 mapping mapping NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 5 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 6 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 7 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 8 proceed proceed VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 9 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 10 two two CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 11 ways way NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 12 depending depend VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 13 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 14 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 15 extent extent NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 16 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 17 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 18 priori priori FW cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 19 knowledge knowledge NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 156 20 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 2 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 3 ' ' `` cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 4 top top JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 5 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 6 down down NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 7 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 8 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 9 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 10 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 11 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 12 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 13 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 14 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 15 unknown unknown JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 16 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 17 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 18 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 19 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 20 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 21 inferred infer VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 22 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 23 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 24 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 25 mapped map VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 26 onto onto IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 27 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 28 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 29 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 30 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 31 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 32 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 33 key key JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 34 branches branch NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 35 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 36 then then RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 37 identified identify VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 157 38 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 1 Such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 2 ' ' POS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 3 key key JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 4 branches branch NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 5 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 6 include include VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 7 those those DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 8 directly directly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 9 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 10 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 11 cross cross JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 12 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 13 species species JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 14 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 15 events event NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 16 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 17 invasions invasion NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 18 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 19 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 20 geographic geographic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 21 areas area NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 22 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 23 increases increase NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 24 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 25 rates rate NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 26 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 27 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 28 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 29 spikes spike NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 30 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 31 morbidity morbidity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 32 and/or and/or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 33 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 34 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 35 clear clear JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 36 instances instance NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 37 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 38 positive positive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 39 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 158 40 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 2 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 3 identified identify VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 4 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 5 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 6 way way NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 7 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 8 candidates candidate NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 9 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 10 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 11 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 12 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 13 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 14 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 15 tested test VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 16 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 17 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 18 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 19 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 20 framework framework NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 21 8 8 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 159 22 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 160 1 An an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 160 2 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 160 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 160 4 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 160 5 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 160 6 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 160 7 shown show VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 160 8 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 160 9 FIg FIg NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 160 10 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 161 1 2 2 LS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 161 2 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 2 second second JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 4 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 5 bottom bottom NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 6 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 7 up up NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 8 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 9 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 10 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 11 utilizes utilize VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 12 existing exist VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 13 knowledge knowledge NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 14 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 15 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 16 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 17 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 18 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 19 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 20 that that DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 21 determined determine VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 22 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 23 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 24 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 25 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 162 26 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 2 putative putative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 3 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 4 determinant determinant NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 5 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 6 then then RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 7 mapped map VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 8 onto onto IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 9 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 10 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 11 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 12 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 14 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 15 location location NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 17 that that RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 18 is is RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 20 deep deep JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 21 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 22 shallow shallow JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 23 branch branch NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 24 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 25 singular singular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 26 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 27 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 28 / / SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 29 convergent convergent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 30 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 32 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 33 used use VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 34 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 35 infer infer VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 36 how how WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 37 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 38 affects affect VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 39 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 40 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 41 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 42 whether whether IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 43 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 44 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 45 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 46 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 47 reciprocal reciprocal JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 48 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 49 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 50 reflect reflect VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 51 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 52 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 53 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 54 offs off NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 55 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 56 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 57 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 58 pressures pressure VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 59 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 60 faces face VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 163 61 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 2 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 3 phylogenomic phylogenomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 4 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 5 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 6 being be VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 7 increasingly increasingly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 8 used use VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 9 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 10 identify identify VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 11 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 12 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 14 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 15 we -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 16 discuss discuss VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 17 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 18 number number NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 19 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 20 real real JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 21 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 22 examples example NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 23 below below RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 24 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 26 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 27 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 28 used use VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 29 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 30 make make VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 31 general general JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 32 statements statement NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 33 about about IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 34 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 35 nature nature NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 36 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 37 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 38 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 164 39 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 3 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 4 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 5 mutation mutation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 6 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 7 falls fall VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 8 deep deep RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 9 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 10 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 11 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 12 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 13 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 15 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 16 inherited inherit VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 17 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 18 all all DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 19 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 20 branches branch NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 21 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 22 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 23 one one CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 24 evolving evolve VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 25 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 26 parallel parallel NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 27 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 28 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 29 evidence evidence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 30 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 31 positive positive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 32 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 33 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 34 necessarily necessarily RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 35 implies imply VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 36 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 37 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 38 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 39 selectively selectively RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 40 advantageous advantageous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 165 41 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 1 Conversely conversely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 3 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 4 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 5 determinant determinant NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 6 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 7 occurs occur VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 8 sporadically sporadically RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 9 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 10 shallow shallow JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 11 branches branch NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 12 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 13 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 14 subject subject JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 15 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 16 strong strong JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 17 purifying purifying NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 19 negative negative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 21 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 22 suggests suggest VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 23 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 24 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 25 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 26 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 27 directly directly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 28 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 29 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 30 probably probably RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 31 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 32 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 33 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 34 some some DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 35 other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 36 component component NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 37 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 38 overall overall JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 39 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 166 40 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 2 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 3 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 5 each each DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 6 instance instance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 8 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 9 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 10 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 11 represent represent VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 12 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 13 independent independent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 14 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 15 transient transient JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 16 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 17 event event NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 167 18 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 1 If if IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 2 only only RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 3 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 4 single single JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 5 mutation mutation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 6 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 7 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 8 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 9 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 10 change change NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 11 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 12 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 13 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 14 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 15 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 16 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 17 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 18 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 19 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 20 WNV WNV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 21 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 22 then then RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 23 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 24 change change NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 25 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 26 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 27 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 28 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 29 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 30 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 31 selectively selectively RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 32 advantageous advantageous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 33 without without IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 34 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 35 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 36 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 37 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 38 off off NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 39 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 40 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 41 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 42 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 43 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 44 reduction reduction NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 45 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 46 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 47 would would MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 48 probably probably RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 49 need need VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 50 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 51 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 52 compensated compensate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 53 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 54 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 55 additional additional JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 56 reciprocal reciprocal JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 57 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 58 located locate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 59 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 60 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 61 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 62 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 168 63 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 1 Hence hence RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 3 if if IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 4 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 5 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 6 fall fall VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 7 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 8 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 9 branch branch NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 10 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 11 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 12 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 13 change change NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 14 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 15 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 16 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 18 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 19 possible possible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 20 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 21 some some DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 22 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 23 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 24 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 25 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 26 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 27 others other NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 28 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 29 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 30 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 31 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 32 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 33 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 34 offs off NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 35 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 36 other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 37 traits trait NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 169 38 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 3 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 4 described describe VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 6 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 7 terms term NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 8 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 9 emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 10 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 11 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 12 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 13 phylogenomic phylogenomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 14 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 15 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 16 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 17 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 18 theory theory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 20 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 21 applied apply VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 22 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 23 any any DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 24 system system NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 25 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 26 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 27 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 28 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 29 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 30 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 31 inferred infer VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 32 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 33 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 34 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 35 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 36 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 37 possible possible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 38 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 39 experimentally experimentally RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 40 assess assess VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 41 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 42 impact impact NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 43 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 44 individual individual JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 45 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 46 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 47 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 170 48 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 4 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 5 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 6 used use VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 7 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 8 study study VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 9 other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 10 virological virological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 11 traits trait NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 12 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 13 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 14 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 15 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 16 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 17 particularly particularly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 18 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 19 range range NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 171 20 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 1 For for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 2 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 4 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 5 repeated repeat VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 6 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 9 same same JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 10 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 11 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 12 changes change NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 13 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 14 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 15 cross cross NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 16 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 17 species species JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 18 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 19 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 20 avian avian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 21 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 22 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 23 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 24 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 25 strongly strongly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 26 suggests suggest VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 27 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 28 they -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 29 directly directly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 30 affect affect VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 31 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 32 range range NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 33 66 66 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 34 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 35 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 36 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 37 similar similar JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 38 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 39 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 40 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 41 used use VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 42 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 43 elucidate elucidate VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 44 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 45 nature nature NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 46 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 47 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 48 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 49 arms arm NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 50 race race NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 51 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 52 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 53 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 54 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 55 hosts host NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 56 67 67 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 57 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 58 68 68 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 172 59 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 1 Critically critically RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 3 however however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 6 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 7 described describe VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 8 here here RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 9 should should MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 10 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 11 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 12 considered consider VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 13 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 14 idealized idealized JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 15 one one NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 16 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 17 works work VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 18 best well RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 19 when when WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 20 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 21 limited limited JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 22 number number NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 23 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 24 genomic genomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 25 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 26 act act VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 27 independently independently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 28 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 29 shape shape VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 30 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 173 31 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 174 1 Virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 174 2 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 175 1 NATuRE NATuRE NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 176 1 REvIEwS REvIEwS NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 176 2 | | NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 177 1 GEnETiCs genetics NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 177 2 R r NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 177 3 e e NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 178 1 v v LS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 179 1 i i PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 180 1 e e NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 180 2 w w NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 180 3 s s NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 180 4 voluME voluME NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 180 5 19 19 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 180 6 | | NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 180 7 DECEMBER DECEMBER NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 180 8 2018 2018 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 181 1 | | NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 181 2 761 761 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 182 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 182 2 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 182 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 182 4 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 182 5 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 182 6 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 182 7 one one CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 182 8 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 182 9 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 182 10 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 182 11 another another DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 182 12 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 183 1 Also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 183 2 called call VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 183 3 hostjumping hostjumpe VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 183 4 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 183 5 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 183 6 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 183 7 switching switching NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 183 8 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 1 An an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 3 process process NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 4 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 5 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 6 two two CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 7 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 8 more more JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 9 separate separate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 10 lineages lineage NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 11 develop develop VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 12 identical identical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 13 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 14 independently independently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 184 15 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 185 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 185 2 descendants descendant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 185 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 185 4 unrelated unrelated JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 185 5 ancestors ancestor NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 185 6 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 185 7 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 185 8 evolved evolve VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 185 9 similar similar JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 185 10 traits trait NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 185 11 independently independently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 185 12 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 186 1 Natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 186 2 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 186 3 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 186 4 leads lead VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 186 5 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 186 6 advantageous advantageous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 186 7 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 186 8 spreading spread VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 186 9 through through IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 186 10 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 186 11 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 186 12 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 1 Mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 2 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 3 coding code VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 4 regions region NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 5 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 6 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 7 either either CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 8 synonymous synonymous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 10 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 11 do do VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 12 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 13 change change VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 14 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 15 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 16 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 17 ; ; : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 18 measured measure VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 19 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 20 d d NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 21 S S NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 23 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 24 non non JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 25 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 26 synonymous synonymous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 28 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 29 change change VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 30 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 31 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 32 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 33 ; ; : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 34 measured measure VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 35 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 36 d d NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 37 N N NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 187 39 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 188 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 188 2 d d NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 188 3 N N NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 188 4 /d /d NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 188 5 S S NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 188 6 ratio ratio NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 188 7 > > XX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 1 1 1 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 2 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 3 sometimes sometimes RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 4 used use VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 5 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 6 infer infer VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 7 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 8 occurrence occurrence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 9 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 10 positive positive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 11 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 13 although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 14 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 15 accuracy accuracy NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 16 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 17 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 18 measure measure NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 19 depends depend VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 20 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 21 various various JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 22 factors factor NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 23 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 24 including include VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 25 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 26 timescale timescale NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 27 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 28 sampling sampling NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 189 29 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 1 Natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 2 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 3 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 4 acts act VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 5 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 6 remove remove VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 7 low low JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 8 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 9 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 11 including include VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 12 deleterious deleterious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 14 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 15 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 16 populations population NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 190 17 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 2 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 4 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 5 common common JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 6 form form NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 8 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 9 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 10 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 11 gives give VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 12 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 13 d d NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 14 N n NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 15 /d /d NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 16 S s NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 17 < < XX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 18 1 1 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 191 19 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 192 1 Also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 192 2 called call VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 192 3 negative negative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 192 4 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 192 5 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 1 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 2 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 3 harder hard JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 4 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 5 identify identify VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 6 when when WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 7 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 8 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 9 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 10 complex complex JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 11 interactions interaction NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 12 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 13 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 14 9 9 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 16 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 17 appears appear VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 18 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 19 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 20 true true JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 21 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 22 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 24 box box NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 25 2 2 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 193 27 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 2 epistasis epistasis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 3 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 4 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 5 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 6 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 7 commonplace commonplace JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 8 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 10 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 11 69 69 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 13 little little JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 14 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 15 currently currently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 16 known know VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 17 about about IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 18 whether whether IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 19 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 20 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 21 interact interact VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 22 epistatically epistatically RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 23 70 70 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 194 24 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 3 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 4 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 5 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 6 work work VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 7 best well RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 8 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 10 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 11 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 13 constrained constrain VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 14 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 15 sizes size NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 16 mean mean VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 17 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 18 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 19 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 20 probably probably RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 21 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 22 limited limited JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 23 number number NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 24 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 25 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 26 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 27 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 28 increasing increase VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 29 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 30 likelihood likelihood NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 31 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 32 they -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 33 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 34 subject subject JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 35 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 36 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 37 and/or and/or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 38 convergent convergent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 39 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 40 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 41 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 42 rates rate NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 43 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 44 recombination recombination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 46 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 47 complicate complicate VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 48 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 49 relationships relationship NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 51 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 52 often often RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 53 fairly fairly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 54 low low JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 55 within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 56 species species NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 57 71 71 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 195 58 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 1 To to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 2 illustrate illustrate VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 3 how how WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 4 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 5 phylogenomic phylogenomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 6 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 7 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 8 shed shed VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 9 light light NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 10 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 11 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 12 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 13 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 14 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 15 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 16 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 18 now now RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 19 briefly briefly VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 20 outline outline VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 21 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 22 number number NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 23 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 24 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 25 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 26 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 28 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 29 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 30 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 31 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 32 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 33 applied apply VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 196 34 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 2 begin begin VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 3 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 4 considering consider VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 5 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 6 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 7 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 8 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 9 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 10 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 11 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 12 successfully successfully RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 13 mapped map VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 15 WNV WNV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 16 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 17 avian avian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 18 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 19 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 20 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 22 AIV AIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 25 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 26 move move VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 27 on on RP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 28 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 29 those those DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 30 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 31 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 32 revealing reveal VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 33 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 34 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 35 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 36 underpin underpin VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 37 changes change NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 38 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 39 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 40 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 41 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 42 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 43 complex complex JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 45 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 46 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 47 Marek Marek NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 48 's 's POS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 49 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 50 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 52 MDV MDV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 54 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 55 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 57 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 58 end end VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 59 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 60 examining examine VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 61 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 62 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 63 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 64 two two CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 65 recent recent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 66 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 67 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 68 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 69 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 70 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 71 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 72 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 73 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 197 74 _SP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 2 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 4 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 5 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 6 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 8 oral oral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 9 polio polio NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 10 vaccine vaccine NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 12 OPV OPV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 14 8 8 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 198 15 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 1 OPV OPV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 2 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 3 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 4 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 5 form form NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 7 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 8 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 9 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 10 occasionally occasionally RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 11 revert revert VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 12 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 13 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 14 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 15 form form NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 16 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 17 cause cause VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 18 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 19 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 20 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 199 21 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 1 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 2 | | NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 3 Phylogenetic Phylogenetic NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 4 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 6 OPV OPV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 7 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 8 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 9 nature nature NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 10 reveals reveal VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 11 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 12 some some DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 13 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 14 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 15 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 16 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 17 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 18 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 19 experienced experience VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 20 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 21 frequent frequent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 22 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 23 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 24 than than IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 25 expected expect VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 26 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 27 chance chance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 29 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 30 occupy occupy VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 31 well well RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 32 supported support VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 33 nodes node NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 35 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 36 hence hence RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 37 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 38 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 39 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 40 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 41 seletively seletively RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 42 favoured favour VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 43 8 8 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 200 44 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 201 1 B b NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 201 2 | | CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 1 Computational computational JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 3 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 4 then then RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 5 reveals reveal VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 6 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 7 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 8 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 9 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 10 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 11 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 12 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 13 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 14 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 15 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 16 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 17 hypothetical hypothetical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 18 threonine threonine NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 19 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 20 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 21 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 22 proline proline NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 24 T t NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 25 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 26 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 27 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 28 P p NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 30 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 31 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 32 change change NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 33 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 34 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 35 subject subject JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 36 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 37 significant significant JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 38 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 39 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 41 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 42 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 43 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 44 detected detect VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 45 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 46 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 47 variety variety NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 48 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 49 ways way NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 51 60 60 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 52 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 53 63 63 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 202 54 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 203 1 C C NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 203 2 | | NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 2 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 3 impact impact NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 5 these these DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 6 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 7 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 8 then then RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 9 confirmed confirm VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 10 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 11 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 13 vitro vitro FW cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 15 cell cell NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 16 culture culture NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 17 ; ; : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 18 part part NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 19 Ca Ca NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 21 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 22 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 23 vivo vivo NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 25 mouse mouse NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 26 ; ; : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 27 part part NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 28 Cb Cb NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 30 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 31 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 204 32 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 205 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 205 2 all all DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 205 3 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 205 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 205 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 205 6 red red JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 205 7 shading shading NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 205 8 signifies signify VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 205 9 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 205 10 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 205 11 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 206 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 206 2 interaction interaction NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 206 3 among among IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 206 4 genes gene NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 206 5 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 206 6 different different JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 206 7 loci locus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 206 8 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 2 function function NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 3 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 4 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 6 one one CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 7 gene gene NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 8 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 9 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 10 dependent dependent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 11 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 13 presence presence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 14 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 15 one one CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 16 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 17 more more JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 18 other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 19 genes gene NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 207 20 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 1 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 2 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 3 each each DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 4 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 5 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 6 told tell VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 7 us -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 8 about about IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 9 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 10 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 12 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 13 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 14 general general JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 208 15 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 2 1999 1999 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 4 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 5 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 6 lineage lineage NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 8 WNV WNV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 9 became become VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 10 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 11 leading leading JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 12 cause cause NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 13 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 14 arthropod arthropod NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 15 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 16 borne bear VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 17 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 18 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 19 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 20 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 21 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 22 horses horse NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 23 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 24 North North NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 25 America America NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 26 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 27 spreading spread VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 28 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 29 east east NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 30 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 31 west west NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 32 across across IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 33 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 34 continent continent NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 35 72 72 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 36 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 37 causing cause VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 38 severe severe JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 39 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 40 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 41 many many JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 42 bird bird NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 43 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 44 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 45 particularly particularly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 46 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 47 American american JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 48 crow crow NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 49 73 73 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 209 50 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 1 Phylogenomic Phylogenomic NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 2 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 4 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 5 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 6 single single JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 7 Thr249Pro thr249pro NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 9 T249P t249p NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 11 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 12 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 13 substitution substitution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 14 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 210 16 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 1 NS3 ns3 RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 2 helicase helicase NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 3 protein protein NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 4 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 5 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 6 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 7 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 8 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 9 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 10 WNV WNV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 11 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 13 corvids corvid NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 14 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 15 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 16 continents continent NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 211 17 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 1 Experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 2 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 3 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 4 captive captive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 5 crows crow NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 6 then then RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 7 showed show VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 8 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 9 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 10 mutation mutation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 11 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 12 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 13 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 14 explain explain VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 16 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 17 fatality fatality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 18 rates rate NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 19 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 20 American american JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 21 crows crow NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 22 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 23 perhaps perhaps RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 24 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 26 increased increase VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 27 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 28 rate rate NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 29 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 30 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 31 replication replication NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 32 58 58 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 212 33 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 1 WNV WNV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 2 therefore therefore RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 3 provides provide VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 4 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 5 important important JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 6 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 8 where where WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 9 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 10 single single JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 11 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 12 switch switch NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 13 controls control NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 14 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 16 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 17 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 18 obviously obviously RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 19 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 20 easiest easy JJS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 21 scenario scenario NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 22 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 23 detect detect VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 24 using use VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 25 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 26 phylogenomic phylogenomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 27 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 213 28 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 1 Of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 2 more more JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 3 general general JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 4 importance importance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 5 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 6 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 7 T249P T249P NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 8 evolved evolve VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 9 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 10 parallel parallel NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 11 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 12 experienced experience VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 13 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 14 elevated elevated JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 15 rate rate NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 16 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 17 nonsynonymous nonsynonymous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 18 change change NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 20 suggesting suggest VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 21 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 22 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 23 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 24 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 25 selectively selectively RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 26 favoured favour VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 27 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 28 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 29 absence absence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 30 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 31 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 32 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 33 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 34 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 35 off off NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 36 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 37 no no DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 38 reciprocal reciprocal JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 39 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 40 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 41 observed observe VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 42 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 43 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 44 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 45 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 46 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 47 58 58 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 214 48 _SP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 2 co co NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 3 - - NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 4 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 6 European european JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 7 rabbits rabbit NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 9 Oryctolagus Oryctolagus NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 10 cuniculus cuniculus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 12 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 13 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 14 myxoma myxoma NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 15 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 17 MYXv MYXv NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 19 released release VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 20 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 21 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 22 biological biological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 23 control control NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 24 against against IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 25 them -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 26 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 27 arguably arguably RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 28 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 29 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 30 famous famous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 31 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 32 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 33 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 34 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 35 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 215 36 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 1 Fenner Fenner NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 2 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 3 colleagues colleague NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 4 93 93 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 5 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 6 able able JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 7 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 8 identify identify VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 9 ' ' `` cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 10 grades grade NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 11 ' ' POS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 13 MYXv MYXv NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 14 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 15 using use VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 16 laboratory laboratory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 17 assays assay NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 18 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 19 European european JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 20 rabbits rabbit NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 216 21 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 2 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 3 lethal lethal JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 4 grade grade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 6 strains strain VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 8 shaded shade VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 9 red red NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 10 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 11 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 12 figure figure NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 14 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 15 characterized characterize VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 16 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 17 almost almost RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 18 100 100 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 19 % % NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 20 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 21 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 22 whereas whereas IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 23 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 24 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 25 ' ' `` cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 26 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 27 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 28 grade grade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 29 v v IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 30 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 31 had have VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 32 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 33 < < XX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 34 50 50 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 35 % % NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 36 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 37 longer long JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 38 survival survival NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 39 times time NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 217 40 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 1 Grade grade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 3 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 4 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 5 released release VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 6 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 7 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 8 Australia Australia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 10 starting starting NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 11 strain strain NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 13 SlS SlS NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 15 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 16 Europe Europe NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 18 starting start VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 19 strain strain NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 20 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 21 lausanne lausanne NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 23 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 25 early early JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 26 1950s 1950 NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 27 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 28 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 29 soon soon RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 30 after after IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 31 lower low JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 32 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 33 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 34 began begin VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 35 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 36 appear appear VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 37 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 38 parallel parallel NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 39 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 40 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 41 continents continent NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 42 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 43 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 44 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 45 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 46 grades grade NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 48 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 49 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 50 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 51 grade grade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 52 III III NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 54 becoming become VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 55 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 56 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 57 common common JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 58 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 59 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 60 field field NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 218 61 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 2 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 3 large large JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 4 importance importance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 5 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 6 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 7 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 8 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 9 Fenner Fenner NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 10 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 11 necessarily necessarily RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 12 limited limit VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 13 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 14 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 16 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 17 basis basis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 18 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 19 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 20 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 21 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 22 unknown unknown JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 219 23 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 1 That that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 3 trajectory trajectory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 5 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 6 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 7 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 9 same same JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 10 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 11 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 12 Australia Australia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 13 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 14 Europe Europe NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 15 meant mean VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 16 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 17 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 18 same same JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 19 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 20 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 21 might may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 22 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 23 involved involve VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 24 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 25 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 26 continents continent NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 220 27 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 4 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 5 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 6 surprise surprise NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 7 when when WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 9 first first JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 10 large large JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 11 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 12 scale scale NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 13 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 14 comparisons comparison NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 16 MYXv MYXv NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 17 revealed reveal VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 18 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 19 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 20 grades grade NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 21 changed change VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 22 frequently frequently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 23 across across IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 25 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 26 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 27 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 28 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 29 depicted depict VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 30 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 31 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 32 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 33 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 34 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 35 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 36 different different JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 37 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 38 appeared appear VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 39 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 40 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 41 Australian australian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 42 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 43 European european JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 44 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 46 depicted depict VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 47 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 48 different different JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 49 filled fill VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 50 shapes shape NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 51 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 52 branch branch NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 53 tips tip NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 55 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 56 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 57 no no DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 58 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 59 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 60 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 61 possible possible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 62 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 63 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 64 within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 65 Australia Australia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 66 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 67 Europe Europe NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 68 94 94 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 69 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 70 145 145 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 221 71 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 1 For for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 2 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 4 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 5 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 6 no no DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 7 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 8 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 9 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 10 unique unique JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 11 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 13 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 14 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 15 grade grade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 16 v v IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 17 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 18 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 19 nor nor CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 20 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 21 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 22 highest high JJS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 23 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 24 grade grade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 25 I -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 26 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 222 27 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 1 Hence hence RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 3 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 4 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 5 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 7 routes route NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 8 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 9 attenuation attenuation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 10 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 11 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 13 MYXv MYXv NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 14 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 15 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 16 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 17 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 18 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 19 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 20 convergent convergent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 21 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 22 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 23 phenotype phenotype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 24 but but CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 25 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 26 genotype genotype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 27 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 28 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 29 both both CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 30 attenuating attenuate VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 31 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 32 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 33 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 34 restoring restore VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 35 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 36 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 37 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 38 fixed fix VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 39 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 40 Australian australian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 41 MYXv MYXv NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 223 42 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 3 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 4 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 5 no no DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 6 simple simple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 7 way way NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 8 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 9 predict predict VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 10 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 11 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 12 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 13 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 14 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 15 scale scale NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 16 comparisons comparison NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 17 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 18 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 19 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 20 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 21 MYXv MYXv NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 22 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 23 no no DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 24 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 25 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 26 convergent convergent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 27 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 28 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 29 guide guide VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 30 experimentation experimentation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 224 31 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 225 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 225 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 225 3 experimentally experimentally RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 225 4 verified verify VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 225 5 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 225 6 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 225 7 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 225 8 rabbits rabbit NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 225 9 remain remain VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 225 10 elusive elusive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 225 11 17 17 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 225 12 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 2 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 3 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 5 MYXv MYXv NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 6 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 7 reflects reflect VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 8 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 9 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 10 acquired acquire VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 11 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 13 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 14 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 15 resistance resistance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 16 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 17 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 18 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 19 rabbit rabbit NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 20 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 21 11 11 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 226 22 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 2 co co JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 3 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 4 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 5 process process NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 6 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 7 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 8 resulted result VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 9 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 10 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 11 marked marked JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 12 increase increase NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 13 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 14 MYXv MYXv NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 15 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 16 146 146 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 227 17 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 1 unlike unlike IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 2 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 3 sampled sample VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 4 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 6 1950s 1950 NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 7 before before IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 9 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 10 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 11 any any DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 12 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 13 resistance resistance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 14 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 15 most most JJS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 16 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 17 isolates isolate NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 18 sampled sample VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 19 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 20 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 21 1990s 1990 NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 22 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 23 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 24 evolved evolve VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 25 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 26 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 27 face face NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 28 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 29 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 30 resistance resistance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 31 induce induce VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 32 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 33 lethal lethal JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 34 immune immune JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 35 collapse collapse NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 36 syndrome syndrome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 37 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 38 similarities similarity NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 39 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 40 septic septic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 41 shock shock NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 42 146 146 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 228 43 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 1 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 2 have have VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 3 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 4 responsible responsible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 5 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 6 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 7 substantial substantial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 8 proportion proportion NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 9 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 10 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 11 cross cross JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 12 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 13 continent continent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 14 spread spread NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 16 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 17 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 18 74 74 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 20 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 21 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 22 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 23 T249P t249p NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 24 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 25 have have VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 26 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 27 selected select VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 28 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 29 increase increase VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 30 replication replication NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 32 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 34 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 35 that that DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 229 36 species species NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 230 1 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 230 2 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 230 3 coincidental coincidental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 230 4 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 230 5 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 230 6 product product NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 230 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 230 8 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 230 9 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 230 10 heightened heighten VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 230 11 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 230 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 230 13 crows crow NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 230 14 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 1 Ever ever RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 2 since since IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 4 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 6 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 7 highly highly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 8 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 9 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 10 subtype subtype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 12 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 13 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 14 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 15 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 16 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 17 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 18 concern concern NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 19 over over IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 20 whether whether IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 21 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 22 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 23 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 24 could could MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 25 establish establish VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 26 sustained sustained JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 27 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 28 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 29 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 30 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 31 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 32 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 33 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 34 causes cause VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 35 only only RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 36 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 37 spillover spillover NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 38 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 39 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 40 present present JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 41 75 75 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 42 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 43 76 76 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 231 44 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 1 More more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 2 recently recently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 4 highly highly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 5 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 6 H7N9 H7N9 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 7 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 8 sporadically sporadically RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 9 infected infect VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 10 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 11 77 77 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 12 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 13 continues continue VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 14 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 15 spread spread VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 16 through through IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 17 poultry poultry NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 18 populations population NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 19 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 20 China China NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 21 78 78 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 22 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 23 evolving evolve VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 24 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 25 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 26 low low JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 27 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 28 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 29 ancestor ancestor NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 30 79 79 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 232 31 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 3 true true JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 4 number number NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 6 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 7 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 8 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 9 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 10 hence hence RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 11 accurate accurate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 12 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 14 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 15 difficult difficult JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 16 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 17 ascertain ascertain VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 18 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 20 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 21 clear clear JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 22 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 23 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 24 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 25 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 26 H7N9 H7N9 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 27 cause cause VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 28 fairly fairly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 29 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 30 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 31 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 32 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 33 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 34 could could MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 35 have have VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 36 serious serious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 37 consequences consequence NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 38 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 39 they -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 40 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 41 trigger trigger VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 42 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 43 large large JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 44 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 45 scale scale NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 46 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 47 epidemic epidemic NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 233 48 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 2 concern concern NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 3 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 4 led lead VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 5 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 6 attempts attempt NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 7 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 8 use use VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 9 genomic genomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 10 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 11 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 12 help help VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 13 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 14 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 15 risk risk NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 16 assessment assessment NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 17 80 80 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 234 18 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 1 At at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 3 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 4 subtype subtype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 5 level level NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 6 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 7 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 8 presence presence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 9 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 10 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 11 run run NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 13 polybasic polybasic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 14 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 15 acids acid NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 16 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 17 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 18 hinge hinge NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 19 region region NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 20 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 21 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 22 HA1 HA1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 23 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 24 HA2 HA2 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 25 subunits subunit NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 26 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 27 make make VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 28 up up RP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 29 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 235 30 haemagglutinin haemagglutinin NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 2 HA HA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 4 protein protein NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 6 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 7 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 8 helps help VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 10 establish establish VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 11 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 12 systemic systemic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 14 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 15 subsequently subsequently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 16 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 17 serious serious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 18 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 19 infection infection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 20 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 21 thereby thereby RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 22 acts act VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 23 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 24 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 25 useful useful JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 26 marker marker NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 27 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 28 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 29 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 30 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 31 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 32 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 33 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 34 H5 H5 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 35 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 36 H7 H7 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 37 AIV AIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 38 subtypes subtype NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 39 79 79 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 40 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 41 81 81 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 42 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 43 82 82 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 236 44 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 2 marker marker NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 3 makes make VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 5 relatively relatively RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 6 easy easy JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 7 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 8 distinguish distinguish VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 9 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 10 potentially potentially RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 11 lowvirulence lowvirulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 12 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 13 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 14 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 15 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 16 AIVs aiv NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 17 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 18 although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 19 what what WP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 20 triggers trigger VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 21 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 22 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 23 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 25 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 26 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 27 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 28 variants variant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 29 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 30 these these DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 31 subtypes subtype NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 32 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 33 unclear unclear JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 34 83 83 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 237 35 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 1 Other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 2 individual individual JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 3 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 4 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 5 changes change NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 6 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 7 affecting affect VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 8 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 9 variety variety NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 10 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 11 gene gene NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 12 functions function NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 14 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 15 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 16 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 17 proposed propose VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 18 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 19 specific specific JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 20 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 21 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 22 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 238 23 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 2 ReFS ReFS NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 3 84 84 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 4 - - SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 5 86 86 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 7 as as RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 8 well well RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 9 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 10 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 11 those those DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 12 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 13 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 14 circulate circulate VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 15 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 16 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 17 populations population NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 18 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 19 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 20 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 21 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 23 ReF. ReF. NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 24 87 87 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 26 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 27 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 28 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 29 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 30 responsible responsible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 31 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 32 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 33 global global JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 34 pandemic pandemic NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 35 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 36 1918 1918 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 37 - - SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 38 1919 1919 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 40 ReF. ReF. NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 41 88 88 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 44 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 45 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 46 host host VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 47 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 48 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 49 cell cell NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 50 death death NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 51 responses response NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 52 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 53 infection infection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 54 appear appear VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 55 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 56 play play VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 57 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 58 key key JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 59 role role NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 61 89 89 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 62 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 63 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 64 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 65 B b NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 66 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 67 90 90 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 68 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 69 TAble table JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 70 1 1 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 71 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 239 72 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 2 key key JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 3 unresolved unresolved JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 4 question question NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 5 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 6 how how WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 7 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 8 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 9 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 10 shape shape VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 11 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 12 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 13 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 14 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 15 if if IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 16 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 17 AIVlike aivlike JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 18 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 19 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 20 H7N9 H7N9 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 21 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 22 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 23 eventually eventually RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 24 able able JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 25 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 26 develop develop VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 27 sustained sustained JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 28 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 29 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 30 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 240 31 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 1 An an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 2 added add VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 3 complexity complexity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 4 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 5 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 6 phylogenomic phylogenomic NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 7 analyses analysis NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 8 reveal reveal VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 9 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 10 consistent consistent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 11 set set NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 13 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 14 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 15 distinguish distinguish VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 16 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 17 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 18 avian avian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 19 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 20 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 21 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 22 although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 23 whether whether IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 24 these these DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 25 affect affect VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 26 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 27 range range NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 28 alone alone RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 29 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 30 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 31 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 32 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 33 range range NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 34 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 35 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 36 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 37 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 38 unclear unclear JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 39 66 66 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 40 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 41 84 84 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 241 42 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 2 canonical canonical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 3 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 5 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 6 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 7 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 8 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 9 species species NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 10 jump jump NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 11 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 12 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 13 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 14 European european JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 15 rabbits rabbit NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 16 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 17 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 18 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 19 body body NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 20 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 21 classic classic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 22 work work NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 23 undertaken undertake VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 24 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 25 Fenner Fenner NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 26 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 27 colleagues colleague NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 28 91 91 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 29 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 30 93 93 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 32 box box NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 33 2 2 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 242 35 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 2 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 3 Australia Australia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 4 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 5 Europe Europe NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 6 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 7 highly highly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 8 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 9 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 10 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 11 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 12 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 13 used use VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 14 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 15 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 16 biological biological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 17 control control NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 18 against against IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 19 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 20 European european JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 21 rabbit rabbit NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 22 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 23 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 24 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 25 releases release NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 26 beginning begin VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 27 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 28 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 29 early early JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 30 1950s 1950 NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 243 31 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 2 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 3 continents continent NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 6 same same JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 7 trajectory trajectory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 8 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 9 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 10 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 11 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 12 observed observe VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 13 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 14 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 15 declined decline VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 16 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 17 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 18 highly highly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 244 19 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 2 that that DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 3 is is RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 5 grade grade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 6 I I NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 8 release release VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 9 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 10 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 11 encompass encompass VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 12 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 13 far far RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 14 wider wide JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 15 range range NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 16 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 17 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 18 grades grade NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 20 including include VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 21 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 22 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 23 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 24 grade grade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 25 V v NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 26 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 27 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 28 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 29 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 30 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 31 ' ' `` cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 32 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 33 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 34 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 35 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 36 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 37 commonly commonly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 38 sampled sample VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 39 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 40 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 41 field field NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 245 42 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 2 pattern pattern NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 4 reflecting reflect VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 5 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 6 combination combination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 9 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 10 evolving evolve VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 11 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 12 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 13 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 14 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 16 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 17 developing develop VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 18 resistance resistance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 20 fuelled fuel VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 21 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 22 idea idea NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 23 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 24 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 25 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 26 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 27 off off NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 28 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 29 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 30 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 31 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 246 32 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 1 Sixty sixty CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 2 years year NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 3 after after IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 4 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 5 initial initial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 6 release release NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 8 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 9 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 10 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 11 first first JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 12 large large JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 13 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 14 scale scale NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 15 genomic genomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 16 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 17 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 19 spread spread NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 20 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 21 performed perform VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 23 box box NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 24 2 2 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 247 26 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 1 Phylogenomic Phylogenomic NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 2 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 4 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 6 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 7 phenotype phenotype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 8 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 9 changed change VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 10 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 11 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 12 regular regular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 13 basis basis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 14 94 94 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 248 15 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 1 However however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 3 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 4 major major JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 5 surprise surprise NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 6 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 7 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 8 each each DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 9 change change NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 10 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 11 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 12 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 13 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 14 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 15 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 16 different different JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 17 set set NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 18 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 19 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 20 across across IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 21 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 22 genes gene NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 23 94 94 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 24 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 25 95 95 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 249 26 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 2 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 3 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 4 had have VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 6 greatest great JJS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 7 impact impact NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 8 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 9 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 10 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 11 still still RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 12 unclear unclear JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 13 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 14 requires require VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 15 further further JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 16 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 17 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 18 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 19 such such PDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 20 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 21 phylogenomic phylogenomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 22 pattern pattern NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 23 indicates indicate VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 24 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 25 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 26 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 27 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 28 routes route NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 29 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 30 achieving achieve VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 31 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 32 same same JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 33 levels level NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 34 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 35 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 36 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 37 including include VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 38 attenuation attenuation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 39 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 40 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 41 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 42 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 43 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 44 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 45 convergent convergent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 46 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 47 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 48 phenotype phenotype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 49 but but CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 50 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 51 genotype genotype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 250 52 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 2 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 3 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 4 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 5 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 6 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 7 flexibility flexibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 8 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 9 part part NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 10 reflects reflect VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 11 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 12 fairly fairly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 13 large large JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 14 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 15 size size NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 16 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 17 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 19 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 20 double double RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 21 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 22 stranded stranded JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 23 DNA dna NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 24 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 25 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 26 ~160,000 ~160,000 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 27 bp bp NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 29 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 30 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 31 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 32 mean mean VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 33 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 34 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 35 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 36 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 37 large large JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 38 number number NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 39 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 40 potential potential JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 41 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 42 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 43 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 44 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 45 interact interact VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 46 through through IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 47 epistasis epistasis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 48 96 96 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 49 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 50 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 51 turn turn NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 52 complicating complicate VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 53 any any DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 54 phylogenomic phylogenomic NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 55 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 251 56 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 252 1 Marek Marek NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 252 2 's 's POS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 252 3 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 252 4 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 252 5 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 1 Whether whether IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 2 ' ' `` cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 3 imperfect imperfect JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 4 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 6 that that RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 7 is is RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 8 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 9 ' ' `` cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 10 leaky leaky JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 11 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 13 vaccination vaccination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 14 against against IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 16 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 17 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 18 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 19 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 20 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 21 symptoms symptom NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 22 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 23 reduced reduce VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 24 but but CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 25 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 26 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 27 less less JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 28 impact impact NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 29 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 30 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 31 replication replication NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 32 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 33 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 34 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 35 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 36 change change VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 37 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 38 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 39 pressures pressure NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 40 acting act VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 41 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 42 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 43 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 44 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 45 affect affect VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 46 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 47 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 48 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 49 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 50 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 51 source source NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 52 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 53 debate debate NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 54 97 97 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 55 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 56 98 98 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 253 57 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 2 still still RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 3 contentious contentious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 5 particularly particularly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 6 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 7 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 8 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 9 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 10 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 11 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 13 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 14 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 15 good good JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 16 evidence evidence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 17 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 18 imperfect imperfect JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 19 vaccination vaccination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 20 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 21 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 22 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 23 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 25 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 26 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 27 MDV MDV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 28 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 29 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 30 DNA dna NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 31 herpesvirus herpesvirus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 32 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 33 poses pose VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 34 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 35 major major JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 36 problem problem NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 37 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 38 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 39 poultry poultry NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 40 industry industry NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 41 99 99 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 254 42 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 3 1960s 1960 NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 6 appearance appearance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 8 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 9 MDV MDV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 10 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 11 forced force VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 13 development development NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 14 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 16 first first JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 17 generation generation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 18 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 19 Marek Marek NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 20 's 's POS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 21 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 22 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 255 23 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 1 However however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 3 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 4 these these DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 5 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 6 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 7 imperfect imperfect JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 8 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 9 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 10 very very RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 11 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 12 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 13 MDV mdv NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 14 began begin VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 15 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 16 appear appear VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 17 within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 18 10 10 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 19 years year NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 20 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 21 necessitating necessitate VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 22 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 23 second second JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 24 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 25 generation generation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 26 vaccine vaccine NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 256 27 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 2 very very RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 3 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 4 MDV mdv NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 5 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 6 followed follow VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 7 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 8 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 9 rapidly rapidly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 10 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 11 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 13 appearance appearance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 14 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 15 ' ' `` cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 16 very very RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 17 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 18 plus plus CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 19 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 20 MDV mdv NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 21 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 22 requiring require VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 23 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 24 third third JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 25 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 26 generation generation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 27 vaccine vaccine NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 29 FIg FIg NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 257 30 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 258 1 3 3 LS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 258 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 258 3 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 1 Imperfect imperfect JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 2 MDV MDV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 4 enhance enhance VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 5 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 6 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 7 elongating elongate VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 9 infectious infectious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 10 periods period NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 11 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 12 hence hence RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 13 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 14 potential potential NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 16 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 17 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 18 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 19 would would MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 20 have have VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 21 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 22 removed remove VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 23 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 24 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 25 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 26 before before IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 27 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 28 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 29 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 30 absence absence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 31 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 32 vaccination vaccination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 33 99 99 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 259 34 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 3 genomic genomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 4 basis basis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 5 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 6 MDV MDV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 7 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 8 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 9 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 10 currently currently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 11 uncertain uncertain JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 13 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 14 some some DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 15 causative causative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 16 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 17 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 18 changes change NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 19 proposed propose VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 20 100 100 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 21 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 22 initial initial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 23 phylogenomic phylogenomic NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 24 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 25 suggest suggest VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 26 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 27 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 28 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 29 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 30 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 31 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 32 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 33 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 34 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 35 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 36 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 37 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 38 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 39 pathways pathway NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 40 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 41 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 42 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 43 101 101 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 45 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 46 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 47 again again RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 48 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 49 reflect reflect VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 50 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 51 fairly fairly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 52 large large JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 53 size size NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 54 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 55 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 56 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 57 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 260 59 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 1 Not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 2 only only RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 3 does do VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 4 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 5 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 6 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 7 MDV MDV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 8 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 9 important important JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 10 implications implication NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 11 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 12 vaccination vaccination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 13 strategies strategy NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 14 against against IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 15 other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 16 diseases disease NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 17 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 18 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 19 vaccine vaccine NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 20 efficacy efficacy NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 21 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 22 fairly fairly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 23 low low JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 24 102 102 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 25 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 26 but but CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 28 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 29 shows show VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 30 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 31 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 32 some some DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 33 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 34 increased increase VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 35 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 36 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 37 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 38 selectively selectively RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 39 advantageous advantageous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 261 40 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 1 Given give VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 3 importance importance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 6 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 7 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 8 health health NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 9 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 10 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 12 ignited ignite VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 13 much much JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 14 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 16 research research NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 17 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 18 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 19 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 20 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 22 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 23 no no DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 24 surprise surprise NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 25 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 26 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 27 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 28 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 29 considerable considerable JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 30 discussion discussion NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 31 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 32 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 33 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 34 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 35 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 36 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 38 103 103 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 41 104 104 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 44 105 105 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 47 106 106 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 50 107 107 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 262 52 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 263 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 263 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 263 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 263 4 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 263 5 striking strike VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 263 6 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 263 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 263 8 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 263 9 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 263 10 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 263 11 markedly markedly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 264 1 www.nature.com/nrg www.nature.com/nrg NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 264 2 R r NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 264 3 e e NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 264 4 v v NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 265 1 i i PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 266 1 e e NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 266 2 w w NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 266 3 s s NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 267 1 764 764 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 267 2 | | CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 267 3 DECEMBER DECEMBER NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 267 4 2018 2018 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 267 5 | | NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 267 6 voluME voluME NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 267 7 19 19 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 2 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 3 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 4 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 5 categorized categorize VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 6 into into IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 7 subtypes subtype NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 8 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 9 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 10 basis basis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 13 diversity diversity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 14 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 15 two two CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 16 proteins protein NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 17 present present JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 18 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 19 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 20 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 21 envelope envelope NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 22 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 23 haemagglutinin haemagglutinin NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 25 H H NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 26 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 27 HA HA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 29 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 30 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 32 N N NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 33 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 34 NA NA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 268 36 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 1 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 2 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 3 than than IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 4 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 5 closely closely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 6 related related JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 7 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 8 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 9 naturally naturally RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 10 infect infect VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 11 non non JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 12 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 13 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 14 primates primate NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 15 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 16 Africa Africa NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 18 box box NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 19 1 1 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 269 21 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 2 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 3 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 4 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 5 suggestions suggestion NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 6 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 8 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 9 begun begin VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 10 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 11 evolve evolve VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 12 reduced reduce VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 13 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 14 108 108 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 16 discussions discussion NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 17 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 18 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 19 trajectory trajectory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 20 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 21 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 22 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 23 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 24 necessarily necessarily RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 25 complicated complicate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 26 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 27 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 28 fact fact NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 29 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 30 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 31 therapy therapy NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 32 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 33 greatly greatly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 34 extended extend VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 35 life life NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 36 expectancy expectancy NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 270 37 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 2 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 3 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 4 often often RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 5 approximated approximate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 6 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 7 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 8 degree degree NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 9 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 10 variation variation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 11 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 13 set set NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 14 point point NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 15 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 16 load load NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 18 SPVL SPVL NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 20 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 21 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 22 established establish VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 23 soon soon RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 24 after after IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 25 initial initial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 26 infection infection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 27 104 104 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 271 28 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 2 higher high JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 4 SPVL SPVL NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 5 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 6 reflecting reflect VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 7 greater great JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 8 levels level NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 9 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 10 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 11 replication replication NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 13 then then RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 14 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 15 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 16 rapidly rapidly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 17 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 18 patient patient NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 19 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 20 progress progress VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 21 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 22 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 23 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 25 absence absence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 26 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 27 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 28 therapy therapy NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 29 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 30 although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 31 other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 32 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 33 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 34 suggested suggest VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 35 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 36 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 37 replicative replicative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 38 capacity capacity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 39 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 40 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 41 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 42 itself -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 43 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 44 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 45 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 46 informative informative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 47 marker marker NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 48 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 49 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 50 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 51 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 52 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 53 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 54 direct direct JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 55 measure measure NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 56 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 57 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 58 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 59 109 109 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 272 60 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 3 some some DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 4 ' ' `` cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 5 controller controller NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 6 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 7 individuals individual NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 8 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 9 able able JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 10 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 11 control control VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 12 levels level NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 13 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 15 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 16 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 17 absence absence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 18 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 19 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 20 therapy therapy NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 21 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 22 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 24 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 25 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 26 shown show VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 27 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 28 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 29 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 30 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 31 part part NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 32 due due IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 33 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 34 infection infection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 35 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 36 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 37 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 38 reduced reduce VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 39 replicative replicative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 40 capacity capacity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 41 110 110 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 273 42 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 3 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 4 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 5 variation variation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 6 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 7 play play VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 8 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 9 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 10 important important JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 11 role role NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 13 shaping shape VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 15 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 16 than than IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 17 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 18 factors factor NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 20 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 21 approximately approximately RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 22 one one CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 23 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 24 third third NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 25 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 26 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 27 observed observed JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 28 variability variability NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 29 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 30 SPVL SPVL NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 31 assigned assign VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 32 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 33 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 34 factors factor NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 35 111 111 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 36 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 37 only only RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 38 ~13 ~13 NFP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 39 % % NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 40 seemingly seemingly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 41 due due JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 42 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 43 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 44 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 45 112 112 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 274 46 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 2 observation observation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 3 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 4 implies imply VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 5 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 6 SPVL SPVL NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 7 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 8 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 9 hence hence RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 10 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 11 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 12 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 13 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 14 selectively selectively RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 15 optimized optimize VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 16 113 113 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 275 17 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 2 support support NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 3 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 4 evidence evidence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 5 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 6 SPVL SPVL NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 7 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 8 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 9 hence hence RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 10 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 11 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 12 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 13 declined decline VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 14 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 15 some some DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 16 African african JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 18 subtypes subtype NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 20 even even RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 21 accounting account VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 22 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 23 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 24 use use NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 25 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 26 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 27 therapy therapy NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 28 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 29 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 30 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 31 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 32 reflects reflect VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 33 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 34 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 35 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 36 off off NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 37 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 38 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 39 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 40 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 41 114 114 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 276 42 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 3 however however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 5 despite despite IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 6 many many JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 7 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 8 into into IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 9 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 10 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 13 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 14 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 16 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 17 genomic genomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 18 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 19 responsible responsible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 20 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 21 determining determine VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 22 SPVL SPVL NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 23 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 24 still still RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 25 uncertain uncertain JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 26 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 27 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 28 genes gene NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 29 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 30 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 31 involved involve VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 32 104 104 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 277 33 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 2 difficulty difficulty NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 3 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 4 assigning assign VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 7 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 8 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 9 SPVL SPVL NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 10 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 11 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 13 part part NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 14 due due IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 15 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 16 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 17 variation variation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 18 across across IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 19 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 20 populations population NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 21 111 111 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 278 22 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 1 For for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 2 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 4 heritability heritability NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 5 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 6 SPVL SPVL NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 7 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 8 highest high JJS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 10 ~60 ~60 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 11 % % NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 13 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 14 individuals individual NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 15 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 16 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 17 Swiss swiss JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 18 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 19 cohort cohort NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 20 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 21 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 22 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 23 represents represent VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 25 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 26 homogenous homogenous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 27 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 28 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 29 113 113 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 30 Marek Marek NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 31 's 's POS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 32 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 33 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 35 MDV MDV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 37 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 38 chickens chicken NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 39 present present JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 40 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 41 poultry poultry NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 42 farms farm NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 279 43 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 2 imperfect imperfect JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 3 vaccine vaccine NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 4 reduced reduce VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 5 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 6 symptoms symptom NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 7 but but CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 8 did do VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 9 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 10 prevent prevent VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 11 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 12 replication replication NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 14 thereby thereby RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 15 extending extend VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 16 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 17 infectious infectious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 18 periods period NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 20 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 21 hence hence RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 22 potential potential JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 23 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 24 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 25 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 26 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 27 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 28 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 29 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 30 would would MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 31 have have VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 32 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 33 removed remove VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 34 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 35 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 36 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 37 before before IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 38 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 39 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 40 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 41 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 42 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 43 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 44 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 45 pre pre JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 46 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 47 vaccine vaccine JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 48 era era NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 49 99 99 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 280 50 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 1 Because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 2 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 3 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 5 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 6 very very RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 7 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 8 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 9 MDV mdv NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 10 began begin VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 11 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 12 appear appear VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 13 within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 14 10 10 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 15 years year NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 16 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 17 necessitating necessitate VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 18 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 19 development development NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 20 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 21 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 22 secondgeneration secondgeneration NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 23 vaccine vaccine NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 24 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 25 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 26 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 27 imperfect imperfect JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 281 28 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 2 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 3 followed follow VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 5 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 6 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 7 even even RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 8 shorter short JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 9 period period NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 10 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 11 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 13 appearance appearance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 14 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 15 ' ' `` cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 16 very very RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 17 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 18 plus plus CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 19 ' ' '' cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 20 MDV mdv NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 21 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 22 requiring require VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 23 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 24 third third JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 25 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 26 generation generation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 27 vaccine vaccine NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 282 28 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 3 genomic genomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 4 basis basis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 6 MDV MDV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 7 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 8 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 9 currently currently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 10 unknown unknown JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 11 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 13 phylogenies phylogeny NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 14 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 16 bottom bottom NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 17 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 18 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 19 figure figure NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 20 hypothetically hypothetically RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 21 assign assign VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 22 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 23 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 24 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 25 causative causative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 26 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 28 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 29 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 30 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 31 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 32 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 33 myxoma myxoma NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 34 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 283 36 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 284 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 284 2 dashed dash VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 284 3 arrows arrow NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 284 4 indicate indicate VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 284 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 284 6 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 284 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 284 8 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 284 9 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 284 10 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 284 11 next next JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 284 12 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 284 13 grade grade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 284 14 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 2 amount amount NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 4 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 5 variation variation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 6 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 7 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 8 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 9 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 10 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 11 attributable attributable JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 12 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 13 individual individual JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 14 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 15 differences difference NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 285 16 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 2 2013 2013 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 3 - - SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 4 2016 2016 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 5 outbreak outbreak NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 7 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 9 Makona Makona NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 10 variant variant NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 13 West West NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 14 Africa Africa NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 15 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 16 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 17 largest large JJS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 18 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 19 longest long RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 20 described describe VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 21 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 22 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 23 since since IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 25 first first JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 26 description description NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 27 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 28 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 29 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 30 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 31 1976 1976 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 32 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 33 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 34 approximately approximately RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 35 29,000 29,000 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 36 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 37 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 38 some some DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 39 11,000 11,000 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 40 deaths death NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 286 41 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 2 addition addition NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 3 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 4 hindering hinder VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 5 attempts attempt NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 6 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 7 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 8 control control NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 9 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 10 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 11 elongated elongated JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 12 period period NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 13 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 14 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 15 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 16 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 17 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 18 have have VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 19 resulted result VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 20 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 21 different different JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 22 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 23 pressures pressure NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 24 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 25 those those DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 26 faced face VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 27 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 28 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 29 animal animal NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 30 reservoir reservoir NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 287 31 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 2 outbreak outbreak NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 3 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 4 raised raise VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 5 key key JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 6 questions question NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 7 about about IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 8 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 9 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 10 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 11 particularly particularly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 12 whether whether IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 13 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 14 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 15 would would MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 16 have have VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 17 favoured favour VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 18 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 19 variants variant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 20 causing cause VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 21 higher high JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 22 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 23 lower low JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 24 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 25 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 26 fatality fatality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 27 rates rate NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 28 had have VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 29 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 30 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 31 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 32 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 33 stamped stamp VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 34 out out RP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 35 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 36 public public JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 37 health health NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 38 intervention intervention NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 39 115 115 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 288 40 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 1 Phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 2 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 4 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 5 during during IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 6 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 7 2013 2013 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 8 - - SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 9 2016 2016 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 10 outbreak outbreak NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 11 revealed reveal VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 12 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 13 Ala82Val Ala82Val NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 15 A82V A82V NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 17 substitution substitution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 18 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 19 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 20 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 21 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 22 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 23 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 24 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 25 particular particular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 26 importance importance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 27 70 70 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 28 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 29 116 116 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 289 30 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 1 A82V A82V NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 2 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 3 notable notable JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 4 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 6 falls fall VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 7 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 8 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 9 deep deep JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 10 internal internal JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 11 branch branch NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 13 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 14 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 15 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 16 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 17 compatible compatible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 18 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 19 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 20 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 21 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 22 whereas whereas IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 23 other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 24 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 25 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 26 changes change NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 27 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 28 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 29 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 30 individual individual JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 31 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 32 only only JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 33 small small JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 34 clusters cluster NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 35 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 36 sequences sequence NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 290 37 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 3 A82V A82V NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 4 improves improve VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 5 binding bind VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 6 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 7 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 8 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 9 NPC1 NPC1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 10 receptor receptor NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 11 utilized utilize VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 12 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 13 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 14 117 117 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 16 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 17 would would MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 18 increase increase VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 19 infectivity infectivity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 20 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 21 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 22 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 23 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 25 same same JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 26 time time NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 27 reducing reduce VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 28 infectivity infectivity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 29 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 30 cells cell NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 31 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 32 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 33 bat bat NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 34 reservoir reservoir NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 35 species specie VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 36 70 70 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 37 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 38 116 116 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 291 39 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 1 Intriguingly intriguingly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 4 appearance appearance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 6 A82V A82V NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 7 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 9 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 10 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 11 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 12 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 13 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 14 two two CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 15 key key JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 16 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 17 features feature NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 18 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 19 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 20 increase increase NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 21 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 22 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 23 numbers number NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 24 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 25 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 26 increase increase NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 27 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 28 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 30 FIg FIg NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 292 31 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 293 1 4 4 LS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 293 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 293 3 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 1 If if IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 2 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 3 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 4 indeed indeed RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 5 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 6 increase increase NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 7 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 8 both both CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 9 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 10 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 11 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 12 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 14 then then RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 15 higher high JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 16 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 17 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 18 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 19 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 20 have have VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 21 directly directly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 22 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 23 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 24 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 25 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 26 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 27 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 28 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 29 absence absence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 30 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 31 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 32 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 33 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 34 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 35 off off NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 36 as as RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 37 only only RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 38 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 39 single single JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 40 substitution substitution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 41 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 42 identified identify VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 294 43 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 1 However however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 3 these these DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 4 apparent apparent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 5 changes change NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 6 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 7 phenotype phenotype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 8 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 9 coincided coincide VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 10 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 11 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 12 movement movement NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 13 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 14 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 15 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 16 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 17 Guinea Guinea NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 18 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 19 Sierra Sierra NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 20 Leone Leone NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 21 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 22 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 23 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 24 any any DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 25 change change NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 26 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 27 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 28 numbers number NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 29 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 30 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 31 could could MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 32 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 33 fact fact NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 34 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 35 due due JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 36 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 37 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 38 change change NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 39 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 40 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 41 factors factor NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 43 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 44 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 45 access access NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 46 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 47 health health NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 48 care care NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 49 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 50 differing differ VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 51 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 52 demographics demographic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 53 and/or and/or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 54 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 55 networks network NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 57 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 58 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 59 recent recent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 60 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 61 using use VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 62 animal animal NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 63 models model NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 64 suggest suggest VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 65 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 66 A82V A82V NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 67 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 68 no no DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 69 direct direct JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 70 impact impact NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 71 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 72 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 73 118 118 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 295 74 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 1 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 2 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 4 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 5 recent recent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 6 emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 7 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 8 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 9 lead lead VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 10 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 11 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 12 major major JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 13 public public JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 14 health health NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 15 scare scare NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 16 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 17 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 18 puzzling puzzle VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 19 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 20 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 21 seemingly seemingly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 22 benign benign JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 23 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 24 suddenly suddenly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 25 increased increase VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 26 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 27 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 28 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 29 causing cause VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 30 severe severe JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 31 neurological neurological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 32 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 33 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 34 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 296 35 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 1 Before before IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 2 2007 2007 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 4 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 5 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 6 fewer few JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 7 than than IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 8 20 20 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 9 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 10 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 12 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 13 reported report VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 14 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 15 all all DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 16 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 17 mild mild JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 18 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 19 restricted restrict VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 20 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 21 Africa Africa NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 22 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 23 Asia Asia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 24 9,119 9,119 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 297 25 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 3 neither neither CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 4 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 5 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 6 caused cause VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 7 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 8 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 9 nor nor CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 10 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 11 molecular molecular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 12 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 13 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 14 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 15 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 16 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 17 well well RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 18 characterized characterize VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 20 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 22 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 23 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 24 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 25 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 26 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 27 systematic systematic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 28 under under IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 29 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 30 reporting reporting NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 31 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 32 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 33 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 34 including include VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 35 those those DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 36 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 37 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 38 severe severe JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 39 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 298 40 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 2 2007 2007 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 4 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 5 Pacific Pacific NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 6 Islands Islands NNPS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 7 reported report VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 9 first first JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 10 major major JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 11 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 13 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 14 before before IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 16 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 17 spread spread VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 18 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 19 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 20 Americas Americas NNPS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 21 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 22 2014 2014 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 299 23 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 2 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 3 majority majority NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 5 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 6 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 7 range range VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 8 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 9 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 10 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 11 mild mild JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 13 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 14 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 15 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 16 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 17 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 18 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 19 neurological neurological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 20 Guillain Guillain NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 21 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 22 BarrĂ© BarrĂ© NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 23 syndrome syndrome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 24 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 25 French French NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 26 Polynesia Polynesia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 27 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 28 2013 2013 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 30 ReF. ReF. NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 31 120 120 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 33 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 34 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 35 those those DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 36 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 37 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 38 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 39 Americas Americas NNPS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 40 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 41 particularly particularly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 42 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 43 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 44 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 45 linked link VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 46 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 47 more more JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 48 severe severe JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 49 diseases disease NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 50 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 51 including include VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 52 congenital congenital JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 53 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 54 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 55 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 56 microcephaly microcephaly NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 57 121 121 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 300 58 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 1 Phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 2 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 4 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 6 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 7 recent recent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 8 Zika Zika NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 9 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 10 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 11 due due JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 12 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 13 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 14 Asian asian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 15 lineage lineage NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 16 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 17 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 18 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 19 rather rather RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 20 than than IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 21 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 22 African african JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 23 lineage lineage NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 24 122 122 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 25 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 26 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 27 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 28 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 29 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 30 spread spread VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 31 cryptically cryptically RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 32 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 33 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 34 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 35 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 36 least least JJS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 37 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 38 year year NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 39 before before IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 40 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 41 detection detection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 42 20 20 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 301 43 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 2 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 3 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 4 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 5 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 6 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 7 differences difference NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 8 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 9 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 10 African african JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 11 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 12 Asian asian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 13 lineages lineage NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 14 122 122 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 16 123 123 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 17 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 19 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 20 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 21 claimed claim VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 22 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 23 those those DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 24 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 25 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 26 Asian asian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 27 lineage lineage NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 28 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 29 spread spread VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 30 through through IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 31 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 32 Americas Americas NNPS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 33 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 34 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 35 directly directly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 36 linked link VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 37 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 38 both both CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 39 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 40 infectivity infectivity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 41 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 42 Aedes Aedes NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 43 aegypti aegypti NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 44 mosquitoes mosquitoe VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 45 124 124 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 46 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 47 microcephaly microcephaly NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 48 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 49 most most RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 50 notably notably RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 51 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 52 Ser139Asn ser139asn NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 54 S139N s139n NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 56 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 57 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 58 change change NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 59 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 60 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 61 PrM PrM NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 62 protein protein NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 63 125 125 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 302 64 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 1 However however RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 3 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 4 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 5 still still RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 6 considerable considerable JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 7 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 8 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 9 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 10 area area NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 11 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 12 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 13 others other NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 14 arguing argue VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 15 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 16 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 17 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 18 both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 19 lineages lineage NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 20 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 21 cause cause VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 22 neurovirulence neurovirulence NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 23 but but CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 24 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 25 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 26 often often RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 27 go go VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 28 unreported unreported JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 29 9 9 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 30 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 31 126 126 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 303 32 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 1 Hence hence RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 4 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 6 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 7 highlights highlight VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 9 difficulty difficulty NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 10 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 11 assessing assess VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 12 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 13 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 14 within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 15 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 16 background background NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 17 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 18 sparse sparse JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 19 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 20 biased biased JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 21 sampling sampling NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 22 even even RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 23 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 24 phylogenomic phylogenomic NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 25 data data NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 26 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 27 shows show VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 28 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 29 importance importance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 30 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 31 collecting collect VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 32 reliable reliable JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 33 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 34 real real JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 35 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 36 time time NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 37 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 38 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 39 even even RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 40 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 41 low low JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 42 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 43 incidence incidence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 44 situations situation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 304 45 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 305 1 70 70 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 305 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 305 3 116 116 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 305 4 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 1 Maps map NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 2 above above IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 4 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 5 show show VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 6 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 7 spread spread NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 8 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 9 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 10 over over IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 11 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 12 timeline timeline NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 13 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 14 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 15 outbreak outbreak NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 16 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 17 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 18 three three CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 19 affected affected JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 20 countries country NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 21 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 22 West West NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 23 Africa Africa NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 24 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 25 where where WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 26 blue blue JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 27 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 28 shaded shade VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 29 regions region NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 30 correspond correspond VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 31 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 32 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 33 wild wild JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 34 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 35 type type NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 36 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 37 variant variant NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 39 A82 A82 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 41 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 42 redshaded redshade VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 43 areas area NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 44 correspond correspond VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 45 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 46 mutated mutate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 47 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 48 variant variant NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 50 V82 V82 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 306 52 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 2 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 3 possible possible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 4 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 5 A82V A82V NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 6 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 7 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 8 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 9 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 10 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 11 increase increase NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 13 both both CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 14 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 15 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 16 numbers number NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 17 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 18 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 20 that that RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 21 is is RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 22 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 23 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 25 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 26 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 27 outbreak outbreak NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 28 progressed progress VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 29 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 30 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 31 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 32 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 33 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 34 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 35 directly directly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 36 selectively selectively RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 37 advantageous advantageous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 38 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 39 although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 40 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 41 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 42 confounded confound VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 43 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 44 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 45 factors factor NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 307 46 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 1 Virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 2 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 3 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 4 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 5 one one CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 7 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 8 longest long RBS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 9 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 10 standing stand VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 11 issues issue NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 13 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 14 biology biology NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 308 15 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 2 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 3 strong strong JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 4 body body NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 6 theory theory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 7 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 8 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 9 developed develop VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 10 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 11 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 12 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 13 few few JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 14 cases case NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 15 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 16 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 18 understand understand VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 19 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 20 forces force NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 21 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 22 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 23 shaped shape VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 24 particular particular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 25 instances instance NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 26 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 27 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 28 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 29 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 30 even even RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 31 fewer few JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 32 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 33 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 34 we -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 35 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 36 successfully successfully RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 37 linked link VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 38 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 39 theory theory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 40 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 41 individual individual JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 42 genomic genomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 43 changes change NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 309 44 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 2 believe believe VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 3 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 4 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 5 synthesis synthesis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 7 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 8 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 9 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 10 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 11 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 12 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 13 long long RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 14 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 15 standing stand VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 16 theory theory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 17 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 18 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 19 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 20 set set VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 21 within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 22 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 23 phylogenomic phylogenomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 24 framework framework NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 25 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 26 generate generate VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 27 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 28 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 29 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 30 understanding understanding NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 31 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 32 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 33 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 310 34 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 1 In in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 2 particular particular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 4 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 5 only only RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 6 does do VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 7 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 8 phylogenomic phylogenomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 9 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 10 enable enable VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 11 potential potential JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 12 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 13 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 14 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 15 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 16 identified identify VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 17 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 18 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 19 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 20 being be VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 21 increasingly increasingly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 22 used use VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 23 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 25 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 26 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 27 emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 28 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 29 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 30 but but CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 31 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 32 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 33 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 34 sheds shed VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 35 light light NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 36 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 37 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 38 models model NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 39 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 40 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 41 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 42 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 43 have have VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 44 occupied occupy VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 45 theoreticians theoretician NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 46 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 47 decades decade NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 311 48 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 1 Recent recent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 2 advances advance NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 3 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 4 real real JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 5 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 6 time time NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 7 genomics genomic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 8 during during IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 9 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 10 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 11 127 127 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 12 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 13 128 128 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 14 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 16 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 17 demand demand NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 18 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 19 precision precision NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 20 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 21 public public JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 22 health health NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 23 interventions intervention NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 24 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 25 help help VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 26 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 27 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 28 development development NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 29 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 30 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 31 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 32 understanding understanding NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 33 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 34 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 35 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 36 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 37 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 38 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 312 39 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 2 contend contend VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 3 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 4 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 5 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 6 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 7 achieved achieve VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 8 within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 9 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 10 phylogenomic phylogenomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 11 framework framework NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 12 as as RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 13 long long RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 14 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 15 relevant relevant JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 16 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 17 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 18 available available JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 19 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 20 strong strong JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 21 links link NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 22 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 23 made make VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 24 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 25 genomics genomic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 26 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 27 phylogenetics phylogenetic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 28 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 29 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 30 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 31 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 32 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 33 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 34 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 35 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 36 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 37 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 38 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 313 39 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 4 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 5 critically critically RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 6 important important JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 7 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 8 collect collect VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 9 clinical clinical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 11 that that RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 12 is is RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 14 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 15 symptoms symptom NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 16 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 17 severity severity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 19 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 20 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 314 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 1 that that DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 2 is is RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 4 time time NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 5 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 6 place place NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 8 sampling sampling NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 10 metadata metadata NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 11 concurrently concurrently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 12 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 13 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 14 sequencing sequencing NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 16 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 17 genomes genome NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 18 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 19 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 20 sample sample VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 21 across across IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 22 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 23 range range NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 24 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 25 clinical clinical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 26 syndromes syndrome NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 27 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 28 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 29 just just RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 30 those those DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 31 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 32 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 33 severe severe JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 34 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 315 35 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 2 also also RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 3 stress stress VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 4 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 5 value value NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 7 gathering gather VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 8 concurrent concurrent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 9 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 10 historical historical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 11 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 12 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 13 likely likely JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 14 reservoir reservoir NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 15 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 16 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 17 these these DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 18 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 19 provide provide VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 20 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 21 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 22 complete complete JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 23 insight insight NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 24 into into IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 25 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 26 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 27 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 28 determining determine VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 29 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 30 full full JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 31 range range NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 32 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 33 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 34 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 35 infect infect VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 36 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 37 particular particular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 38 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 39 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 40 as as RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 41 well well RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 42 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 43 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 44 interactions interaction NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 45 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 46 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 47 assigning assign VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 48 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 49 syndromes syndrome NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 50 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 51 individual individual JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 52 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 53 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 54 often often RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 55 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 56 difficult difficult JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 316 57 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 1 Thankfully thankfully RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 3 advances advance VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 4 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 5 metagenomics metagenomic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 6 now now RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 7 make make VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 9 latter latter JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 10 task task NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 11 feasible feasible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 12 6 6 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 14 7 7 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 16 129 129 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 317 17 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 3 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 4 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 5 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 6 marked marked JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 7 lack lack NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 8 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 9 good good JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 10 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 11 grading grading NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 12 schemes scheme NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 13 among among IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 14 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 15 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 318 16 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 2 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 3 schemes scheme NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 4 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 5 sometimes sometimes RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 6 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 7 simplistic simplistic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 8 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 9 assuming assume VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 10 discrete discrete JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 11 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 12 categories category NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 13 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 14 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 15 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 16 exist exist VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 17 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 18 nature nature NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 19 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 20 incorporating incorporate VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 21 degrees degree NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 22 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 23 subjectivity subjectivity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 24 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 25 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 26 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 27 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 28 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 29 shows show VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 30 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 31 they -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 32 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 33 key key JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 34 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 35 considering consider VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 36 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 37 relationship relationship NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 38 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 39 genotype genotype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 40 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 41 phenotype phenotype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 42 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 43 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 44 essential essential JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 45 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 46 understanding understanding JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 47 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 48 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 319 49 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 1 Finally finally RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 4 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 5 possible possible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 6 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 7 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 8 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 9 understanding understanding NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 10 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 11 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 12 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 13 drawn draw VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 14 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 15 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 16 phylogenomic phylogenomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 17 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 18 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 19 contribute contribute VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 20 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 21 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 22 strategies strategy NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 23 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 24 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 25 control control NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 26 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 27 eradication eradication NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 28 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 29 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 30 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 31 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 32 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 33 clear clear JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 34 potential potential NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 35 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 36 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 37 framework framework NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 38 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 39 inform inform VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 40 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 41 improve improve VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 42 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 43 fields field NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 44 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 45 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 46 management management NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 47 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 48 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 49 biological biological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 50 control control NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 51 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 52 invasive invasive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 53 pests pest NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 320 54 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 2 predicting predict VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 3 where where WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 4 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 5 when when WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 6 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 7 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 8 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 9 might may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 10 emerge emerge VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 11 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 12 clearly clearly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 13 unfeasible unfeasible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 14 because because IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 16 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 17 immense immense JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 18 complexities complexity NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 19 involved involve VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 20 54 54 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 21 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 22 130 130 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 23 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 24 predicting predict VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 25 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 26 overall overall JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 27 trajectory trajectory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 28 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 29 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 30 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 31 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 32 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 33 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 34 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 35 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 36 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 37 novel novel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 38 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 39 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 40 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 41 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 42 achievable achievable JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 321 43 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 322 1 Once once RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 322 2 again again RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 322 3 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 322 4 biocontrol biocontrol NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 322 5 presents present VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 322 6 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 322 7 compelling compelling JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 322 8 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 322 9 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 323 1 Although although IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 323 2 controversial controversial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 323 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 323 4 131 131 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 323 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 2 132 132 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 5 133 133 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 7 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 9 proposed propose VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 10 release release NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 12 cyprinid cyprinid JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 13 herpesvirus herpesvirus NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 14 3 3 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 16 CyHV-3 CyHV-3 NFP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 18 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 19 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 20 biological biological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 21 control control NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 22 against against IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 23 invasive invasive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 24 common common JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 324 25 carp carp NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 2 Cyprinus Cyprinus NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 3 carpio carpio NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 4 L. L. NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 6 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 7 Australia Australia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 8 may may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 9 present present VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 10 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 11 unique unique JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 12 opportunity opportunity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 13 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 14 follow follow VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 16 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 17 real real JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 18 time time NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 20 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 21 co co NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 22 - - NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 23 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 24 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 25 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 26 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 27 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 28 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 29 both both CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 30 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 31 genotypic genotypic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 32 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 33 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 34 scales scale NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 325 35 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 1 Both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 2 theory theory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 3 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 4 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 5 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 6 history history NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 7 predict predict VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 8 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 9 CyHV-3 CyHV-3 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 10 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 11 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 12 decline decline VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 13 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 14 time time NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 15 134 134 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 16 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 17 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 19 will will MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 20 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 21 interesting interesting JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 22 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 23 informative informative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 24 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 25 see see VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 26 how how WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 27 any any DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 28 such such JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 29 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 30 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 31 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 32 manifest manifest JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 33 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 34 phylogenomic phylogenomic NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 35 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 326 36 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 2 review review NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 3 provides provide VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 4 insight insight NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 5 into into IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 6 how how WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 7 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 8 theory theory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 9 might may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 10 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 11 united unite VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 12 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 13 empirical empirical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 14 data datum NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 15 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 16 what what WP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 17 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 18 needed need VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 19 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 20 better better RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 21 understand understand VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 22 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 23 relationship relationship NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 24 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 25 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 26 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 27 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 28 Elevated elevated JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 29 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 30 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 31 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 32 emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 33 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 34 genotype genotype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 35 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 36 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 37 driver driver NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 38 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 39 honeybee honeybee NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 40 loss loss NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 41 Microbial microbial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 42 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 43 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 44 wide wide JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 45 association association NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 46 studies study NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 47 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 48 lessons lesson NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 49 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 50 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 51 GWAS GWAS NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 52 Genome Genome NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 53 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 54 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 55 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 56 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 57 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 58 highlights highlight VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 59 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 60 effect effect NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 61 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 62 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 63 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 64 innate innate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 65 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 66 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 67 immune immune JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 68 systems system NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 69 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 70 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 71 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 72 C C NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 327 73 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 1 Unbiased unbiased JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 2 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 3 detection detection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 5 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 6 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 7 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 9 samples sample NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 10 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 11 use use NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 13 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 14 metagenomic metagenomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 15 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 16 Redefining redefine VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 17 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 18 invertebrate invertebrate NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 328 19 virosphere virosphere NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 329 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 329 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 329 3 history history NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 329 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 329 5 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 329 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 329 7 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 330 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 330 2 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 330 3 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 330 4 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 330 5 powerful powerful JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 330 6 example example NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 330 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 330 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 330 9 analytical analytical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 330 10 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 330 11 outlined outline VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 330 12 here here RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 330 13 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 2 authors author NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 3 use use VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 4 phylogenetics phylogenetic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 5 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 6 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 7 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 8 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 9 describe describe VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 10 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 11 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 12 pathways pathway NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 13 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 14 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 15 OPV OPV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 16 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 17 become become VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 18 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 19 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 20 propose propose VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 21 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 22 framework framework NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 23 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 24 vaccine vaccine NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 331 25 design design NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 332 1 Did do VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 332 2 Zika Zika NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 332 3 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 332 4 mutate mutate VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 332 5 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 332 6 cause cause VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 332 7 severe severe JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 332 8 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 332 9 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 1 Within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 2 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 3 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 4 parasite parasite NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 5 cooperation cooperation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 6 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 7 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 8 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 9 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 10 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 11 Myxoma Myxoma NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 12 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 13 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 14 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 15 leporipoxviruses leporipoxviruse NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 16 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 17 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 18 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 19 paradigm paradigm NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 20 Molecular molecular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 21 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 22 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 23 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 24 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 25 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 26 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 333 27 mice mouse NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 2 PDZ pdz NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 3 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 4 binding bind VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 5 motif motif NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 7 severe severe JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 8 acute acute JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 10 syndrome syndrome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 12 envelope envelope NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 13 protein protein NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 14 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 15 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 16 determinant determinant NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 17 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 18 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 334 19 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 2 role role NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 4 VP1 vp1 NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 5 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 6 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 7 residue residue NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 8 145 145 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 9 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 10 enterovirus enterovirus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 11 71 71 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 13 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 14 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 15 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 16 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 17 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 18 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 19 cynomolgus cynomolgus NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 20 monkey monkey NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 21 model model NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 22 Molecular molecular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 23 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 24 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 25 infectious infectious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 26 pancreatic pancreatic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 27 necrosis necrosis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 28 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 29 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 30 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 31 cell cell NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 32 culture culture NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 33 adaptation adaptation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 34 Virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 35 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 36 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 37 pandemic pandemic NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 38 A(H1N1)2009 A(H1N1)2009 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 39 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 40 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 41 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 42 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 43 mouse mouse NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 44 model model NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 45 Reverse Reverse NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 46 engineering engineering NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 47 field field NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 48 isolates isolate NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 49 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 50 myxoma myxoma NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 51 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 52 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 53 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 54 some some DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 55 gene gene NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 56 disruptions disruption NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 57 or or CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 58 loss loss NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 59 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 60 function function NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 61 do do VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 62 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 63 explain explain VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 64 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 65 changes change NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 66 observed observe VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 67 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 68 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 69 field field NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 70 Using use VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 71 ferrets ferret NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 72 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 73 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 74 animal animal NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 75 model model NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 76 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 77 investigating investigate VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 78 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 79 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 80 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 81 Virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 82 genomes genome NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 83 reveal reveal VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 84 factors factor NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 85 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 86 spread spread VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 87 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 88 sustained sustain VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 89 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 90 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 91 epidemic epidemic NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 92 Epidemic epidemic NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 93 establishment establishment NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 94 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 95 cryptic cryptic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 96 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 97 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 98 Zika Zika NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 99 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 100 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 101 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 102 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 103 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 335 104 Americas Americas NNPS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 2 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 4 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 5 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 6 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 7 insights insight NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 8 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 9 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 10 2013 2013 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 11 - - SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 12 2016 2016 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 13 epidemic epidemic NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 14 Nextstrain Nextstrain NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 15 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 16 real real JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 17 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 18 time time NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 19 tracking tracking NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 20 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 21 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 336 22 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 337 1 Can Can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 337 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 337 3 read read VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 337 4 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 337 5 future future NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 337 6 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 337 7 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 337 8 tree tree NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 337 9 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 338 1 eLife eLife NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 338 2 Predicting predict VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 338 3 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 338 4 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 338 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 338 6 shape shape NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 338 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 338 8 genealogical genealogical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 338 9 trees tree NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 2 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 3 combines combine VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 4 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 5 cross cross JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 6 - - JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 7 species species JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 8 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 9 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 10 phylogenetics phylogenetic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 11 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 12 reveal reveal VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 13 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 14 nature nature NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 16 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 17 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 18 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 19 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 20 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 21 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 22 Differential differential JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 23 infection infection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 24 patterns pattern NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 25 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 26 recent recent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 27 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 28 origins origin NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 29 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 30 equine equine JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 31 hepaciviruses hepaciviruse NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 32 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 33 donkeys donkey NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 34 Fruit Fruit NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 35 bats bat NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 36 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 37 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 38 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 39 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 40 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 41 Bat bat NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 42 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 43 man man NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 44 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 45 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 46 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 47 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 48 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 49 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 50 wildlife wildlife NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 51 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 339 52 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 1 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 2 populations population NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 3 Evolution Evolution NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 5 canine canine JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 6 parvovirus parvovirus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 7 involved involve VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 8 loss loss NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 9 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 10 gain gain NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 12 feline feline JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 13 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 14 range range NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 15 Host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 16 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 17 specific specific JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 18 parvovirus parvovirus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 19 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 20 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 21 nature nature NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 22 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 23 recapitulated recapitulate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 24 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 25 in in FW cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 26 vitro vitro FW cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 27 adaptation adaptation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 28 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 29 different different JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 30 carnivore carnivore NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 340 31 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 1 Virological virological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 2 factors factor NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 3 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 4 increase increase VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 6 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 8 emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 9 human human NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 10 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 11 Coevolution Coevolution NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 13 hosts host NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 14 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 15 parasites parasite NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 16 Evolution Evolution NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 17 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 18 Health Health NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 19 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 20 Disease Disease NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 21 Challenging challenge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 22 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 23 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 24 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 25 off off RP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 26 model model NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 27 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 28 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 29 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 30 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 31 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 32 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 33 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 34 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 35 management management NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 36 feasible feasible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 341 37 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 342 1 Evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 342 2 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 342 3 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 342 4 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 2 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 4 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 5 Relationship relationship NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 6 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 7 within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 8 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 9 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 10 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 11 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 12 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 13 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 14 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 15 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 16 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 17 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 18 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 19 correlation correlation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 20 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 21 partial partial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 22 decoupling decoupling NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 23 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 24 article article NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 25 argues argue VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 26 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 27 current current JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 28 formulations formulation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 29 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 30 R r NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 31 0 0 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 32 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 33 too too RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 34 simplistic simplistic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 35 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 36 understand understand VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 37 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 38 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 39 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 40 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 41 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 42 more more RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 43 complex complex JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 44 Variation variation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 45 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 46 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 47 set set NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 48 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 49 point point NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 50 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 51 load load NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 52 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 53 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 54 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 55 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 56 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 57 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 58 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 59 Virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 60 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 61 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 62 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 63 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 64 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 65 off off RP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 66 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 67 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 68 history history NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 69 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 70 current current JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 71 state state NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 72 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 73 affairs affair NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 74 & & CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 75 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 343 76 future future NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 2 paper paper NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 3 provides provide VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 4 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 5 overview overview NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 7 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 8 theory theory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 9 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 10 there there EX cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 11 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 12 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 13 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 14 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 15 off off NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 16 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 17 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 18 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 19 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 20 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 21 highlighting highlight VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 22 areas area NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 23 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 24 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 25 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 26 theory theory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 27 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 28 been be VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 29 challenged challenge VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 30 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 31 extended extend VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 32 over over IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 33 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 34 past past JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 35 20 20 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 36 years year NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 37 Adaptive adaptive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 38 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 39 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 40 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 41 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 42 good good JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 43 old old JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 44 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 45 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 46 based base VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 47 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 48 Virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 49 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 50 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 51 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 52 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 53 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 54 what what WP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 55 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 56 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 57 relationship relationship NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 344 58 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 1 Size size NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 2 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 3 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 4 bottlenecks bottleneck NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 5 leading lead VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 6 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 7 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 8 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 9 loss loss NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 10 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 11 determined determine VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 12 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 13 mean mean JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 14 initial initial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 15 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 16 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 17 Virulence Virulence NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 18 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 19 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 20 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 21 generalist generalist JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 22 plant plant NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 23 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 24 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 25 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 26 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 27 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 28 system system NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 29 Virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 30 biocontrol biocontrol NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 31 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 32 grand grand JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 33 experiments experiment NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 34 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 35 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 36 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 37 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 38 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 39 High high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 40 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 41 does do VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 42 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 43 necessarily necessarily RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 44 impede impede VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 45 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 46 adaptation adaptation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 47 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 48 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 49 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 50 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 51 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 52 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 53 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 54 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 55 using use VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 56 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 57 plant plant NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 58 RNA RNA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 59 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 60 Virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 61 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 62 competitive competitive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 63 ability ability NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 64 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 65 genetically genetically RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 66 diverse diverse JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 67 malaria malaria NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 68 infections infection NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 69 Short short JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 70 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 71 sighted sighted JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 72 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 73 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 74 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 75 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 76 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 77 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 78 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 79 Epidemic epidemic NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 80 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 81 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 82 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 83 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 84 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 85 animal animal NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 86 interface interface NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 87 Transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 88 bottlenecks bottleneck NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 89 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 90 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 91 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 92 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 93 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 94 rapidly rapidly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 95 evolving evolve VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 96 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 97 Transient transient JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 98 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 99 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 100 emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 101 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 102 Evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 103 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 104 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 105 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 106 opportunistic opportunistic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 107 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 108 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 109 generalism generalism NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 110 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 111 plasticity plasticity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 112 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 113 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 114 control control VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 115 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 116 article article NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 117 discusses discuss VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 118 what what WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 119 aspects aspect NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 120 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 121 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 122 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 123 might may MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 124 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 125 predictable predictable JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 126 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 127 including include VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 128 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 129 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 130 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 131 how how WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 132 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 133 can can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 134 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 135 tested test VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 136 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 137 highlights highlight VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 138 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 139 importance importance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 140 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 141 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 142 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 143 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 144 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 145 marker marker NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 146 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 147 adaptation adaptation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 148 Mutation mutation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 149 driven drive VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 150 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 151 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 152 during during IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 153 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 345 154 adaptation adaptation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 346 1 Convergent convergent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 346 2 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 346 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 346 4 lysozyme lysozyme NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 346 5 sequences sequence NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 346 6 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 1 Population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 2 size size NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 3 changes change NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 4 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 5 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 6 drive drive NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 7 patterns pattern NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 8 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 9 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 10 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 11 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 12 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 13 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 14 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 15 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 347 16 system system NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 1 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 2 single single JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 3 positively positively RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 4 selected select VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 5 West West NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 6 Nile Nile NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 7 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 8 mutation mutation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 9 confers confer VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 10 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 11 avian avian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 12 virogenesis virogenesis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 13 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 14 American american JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 15 crows crow NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 16 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 17 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 18 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 19 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 20 positive positive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 21 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 22 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 23 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 24 single single JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 25 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 26 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 27 substitution substitution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 28 within within IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 29 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 30 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 31 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 32 WNV WNV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 33 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 34 responsible responsible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 35 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 36 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 37 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 38 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 39 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 40 American american JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 41 crow crow NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 42 Host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 43 shifts shift NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 44 result result VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 45 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 46 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 47 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 48 changes change NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 49 when when WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 50 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 51 evolve evolve VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 52 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 53 closely closely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 54 related relate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 348 55 species specie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 349 1 Datamonkey Datamonkey NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 349 2 2.0 2.0 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 349 3 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 349 4 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 349 5 modern modern JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 349 6 web web NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 349 7 application application NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 349 8 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 349 9 characterizing characterize VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 349 10 selective selective JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 349 11 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 349 12 other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 349 13 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 349 14 processes process NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 350 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 350 2 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 350 3 genetics genetics NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 350 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 350 5 dN/ dN/ NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 1 dS dS NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 2 Phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 3 evidence evidence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 4 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 5 deleterious deleterious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 6 mutation mutation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 7 load load NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 8 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 10 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 11 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 13 contribution contribution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 14 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 15 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 16 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 17 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 18 genomic genomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 19 rate rate NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 20 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 21 molecular molecular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 22 adaptation adaptation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 23 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 24 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 25 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 26 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 27 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 28 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 29 Pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 30 population population NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 31 bottlenecks bottleneck NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 32 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 33 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 34 landscapes landscape NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 35 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 36 overcoming overcome VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 37 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 38 barriers barrier NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 39 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 40 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 41 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 42 Dynamics dynamic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 43 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 44 molecular molecular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 45 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 46 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 47 RNA RNA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 48 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 49 populations population NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 50 depend depend VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 51 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 52 sudden sudden JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 53 versus versus IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 54 gradual gradual JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 55 environmental environmental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 56 change change NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 57 Characterization characterization NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 58 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 59 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 60 1918 1918 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 61 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 62 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 63 polymerase polymerase NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 64 genes gene NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 65 Ancient ancient JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 66 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 67 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 68 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 69 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 70 primate primate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 71 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 72 DNA dna NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 73 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 74 editing editing NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 351 75 enzyme enzyme NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 1 APOBEC3 APOBEC3 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 2 G G NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 3 Positive Positive NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 4 selection selection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 6 primate primate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 7 TRIM5alpha TRIM5alpha NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 8 identifies identify VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 9 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 10 critical critical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 11 species species NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 12 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 13 specific specific JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 14 retroviral retroviral NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 15 restriction restriction NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 16 domain domain NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 17 Emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 18 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 352 19 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 353 1 why why WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 353 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 353 3 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 353 4 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 353 5 jacks jack NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 353 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 353 7 all all DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 353 8 trades trade NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 353 9 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 354 1 Human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 354 2 adaptation adaptation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 354 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 354 4 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 354 5 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 354 6 during during IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 354 7 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 354 8 West west JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 354 9 African african JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 354 10 outbreak outbreak NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 355 1 Why why WRB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 355 2 do do VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 355 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 355 4 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 355 5 recombine recombine VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 355 6 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 356 1 Fluid fluid JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 356 2 spatial spatial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 356 3 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 356 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 356 5 West West NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 356 6 Nile Nile NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 356 7 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 356 8 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 356 9 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 356 10 USA USA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 356 11 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 1 rapid rapid JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 2 spread spread NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 3 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 4 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 5 permissive permissive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 6 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 7 environment environment NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 8 Nile Nile NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 9 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 10 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 11 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 12 large large JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 13 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 14 scale scale NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 15 declines decline NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 16 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 17 North north JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 18 American american JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 19 bird bird NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 357 20 populations population NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 1 Globalization globalization NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 3 land land NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 4 use use NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 5 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 6 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 7 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 8 invasion invasion NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 9 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 10 West West NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 11 Nile Nile NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 12 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 13 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 14 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 15 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 16 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 17 protean protean JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 19 threat threat NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 20 Are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 22 ready ready JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 23 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 25 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 358 26 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 1 Dissemination dissemination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 3 divergence divergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 4 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 5 establishment establishment NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 7 H7N9 H7N9 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 8 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 9 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 10 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 11 China China NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 12 Genesis Genesis NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 13 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 14 spread spread VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 16 newly newly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 17 emerged emerge VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 18 highly highly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 19 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 20 H7N9 H7N9 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 21 avian avian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 22 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 23 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 24 mainland mainland NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 25 China China NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 26 Emergence Emergence NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 27 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 28 adaptation adaptation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 29 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 30 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 31 novel novel NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 32 highly highly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 33 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 34 H7N9 H7N9 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 35 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 36 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 37 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 38 birds bird NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 39 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 40 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 41 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 42 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 43 2013 2013 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 44 human human NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 45 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 46 infecting infect VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 47 low low JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 48 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 49 ancestor ancestor NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 50 Viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 51 factors factor NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 52 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 53 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 54 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 55 risk risk NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 56 assessment assessment NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 57 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 58 type type NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 59 A a NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 60 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 61 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 62 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 63 mammals mammal NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 64 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 65 birds bird NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 66 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 67 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 68 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 69 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 70 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 71 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 72 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 73 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 74 range range NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 75 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 76 interspecies interspecie NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 77 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 78 Influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 79 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 80 lessons lesson NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 81 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 82 past past JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 83 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 84 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 85 warnings warning NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 86 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 87 current current JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 88 incidents incident NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 89 Emergence Emergence NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 90 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 91 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 92 highly highly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 93 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 94 avian avian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 95 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 96 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 97 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 98 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 99 low low JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 100 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 359 101 progenitor progenitor NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 2 potential potential NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 3 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 4 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 5 droplet droplet NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 6 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 7 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 8 A A NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 9 / / SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 10 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 11 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 12 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 13 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 14 evolve evolve VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 15 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 16 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 17 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 18 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 19 Molecular molecular JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 20 basis basis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 21 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 22 high high JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 23 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 24 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 25 Hong Hong NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 26 Kong Kong NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 360 27 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 361 1 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 361 2 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 361 3 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 362 1 Enhanced enhanced JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 362 2 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 362 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 362 4 clade clade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 362 5 2.3.2.1 2.3.2.1 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 362 6 highly highly RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 362 7 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 362 8 avian avian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 362 9 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 362 10 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 362 11 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 362 12 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 362 13 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 363 1 ferrets ferret NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 363 2 NS1 ns1 VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 363 3 protein protein NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 363 4 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 363 5 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 363 6 changes change NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 1 D189N D189N NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 2 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 3 V194I V194I NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 4 affect affect VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 5 interferon interferon NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 6 responses response NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 7 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 8 thermosensitivity thermosensitivity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 9 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 10 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 11 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 13 circulating circulate VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 14 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 15 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 16 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 17 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 364 18 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 365 1 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 365 2 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 365 3 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 365 4 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 365 5 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 365 6 determinant determinant NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 365 7 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 366 1 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 366 2 NS1 NS1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 366 3 protein protein NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 366 4 four four CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 366 5 C c NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 366 6 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 366 7 terminal terminal NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 366 8 residues residue NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 366 9 modulate modulate VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 366 10 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 2 paper paper NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 3 presents present VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 4 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 5 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 6 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 9 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 10 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 11 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 12 1918 1918 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 13 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 14 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 15 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 16 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 17 mouse mouse NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 18 model model NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 19 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 20 revealing reveal VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 21 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 22 importance importance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 23 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 24 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 25 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 26 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 27 interactions interaction NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 28 involving involve VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 29 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 30 wide wide JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 31 set set NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 32 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 33 interacting interact VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 34 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 367 35 genes gene NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 1 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 2 single single JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 3 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 4 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 5 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 6 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 7 polymerase polymerase NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 8 acidic acidic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 9 protein protein NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 10 determines determine VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 11 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 12 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 13 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 14 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 15 B b NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 16 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 17 Biological biological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 18 control control NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 19 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 20 exemplified exemplify VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 21 by by IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 22 smallpox smallpox NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 23 eradication eradication NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 24 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 25 myxomatosis myxomatosis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 26 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 27 comparison comparison NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 28 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 29 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 30 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 31 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 32 European european JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 33 rabbits rabbit NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 35 Oryctolagus Oryctolagus NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 36 cuniculus cuniculus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 38 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 39 strains strain NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 40 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 41 myxoma myxoma NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 42 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 43 recovered recover VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 44 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 45 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 46 field field NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 47 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 48 Australia Australia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 49 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 50 Europe Europe NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 51 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 52 America America NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 53 Evolutionary Evolutionary NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 54 history history NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 55 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 56 attenuation attenuation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 57 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 58 myxoma myxoma NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 59 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 60 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 61 two two CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 62 continents continent NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 63 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 64 article article NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 65 presents present VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 66 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 67 first first JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 68 large large JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 69 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 70 scale scale NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 71 phylogenomic phylogenomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 72 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 73 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 74 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 75 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 76 shows show VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 77 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 78 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 79 despite despite IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 80 parallel parallel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 81 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 82 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 83 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 84 phenotypic phenotypic NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 85 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 86 that that RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 87 is is RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 88 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 89 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 90 grade grade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 91 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 92 level level NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 93 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 94 different different JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 95 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 96 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 97 were be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 98 responsible responsible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 99 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 100 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 101 Genome Genome NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 102 scale scale NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 103 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 104 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 105 myxoma myxoma NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 106 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 107 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 108 MYXV MYXV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 368 109 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 1 reveals reveal VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 2 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 3 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 4 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 5 adaptation adaptation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 6 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 7 rapid rapid JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 8 geographic geographic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 9 spread spread NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 10 Mechanisms Mechanisms NNPS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 12 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 13 robustness robustness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 14 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 369 16 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 370 1 Imperfect imperfect JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 370 2 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 370 3 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 370 4 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 370 5 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 370 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 370 7 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 370 8 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 370 9 Imperfect imperfect JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 370 10 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 370 11 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 370 12 imperfect imperfect JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 370 13 models model NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 2 paper paper NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 3 presents present VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 4 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 5 clear clear JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 6 demonstration demonstration NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 7 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 8 imperfect imperfect JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 9 vaccination vaccination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 10 was be VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 11 responsible responsible JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 12 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 13 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 14 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 15 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 16 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 17 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 18 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 19 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 20 MDV MDV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 21 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 22 chickens chicken NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 23 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 24 considers consider VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 25 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 26 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 27 implications implication NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 28 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 29 imperfect imperfect JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 30 vaccination vaccination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 31 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 32 general general JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 33 vLIP vLIP NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 34 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 35 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 36 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 37 lipase lipase NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 38 homologue homologue NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 39 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 40 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 41 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 42 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 43 factor factor NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 44 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 45 Marek Marek NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 46 's 's POS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 47 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 371 48 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 1 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 2 phylogenomic phylogenomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 3 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 5 Marek Marek NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 6 's 's POS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 7 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 8 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 9 reveals reveal VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 10 independent independent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 11 paths path NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 12 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 13 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 14 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 15 Eurasia Eurasia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 16 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 17 North North NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 18 America America NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 19 Immunity Immunity NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 20 promotes promote VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 21 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 22 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 23 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 24 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 25 malaria malaria NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 26 model model NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 27 Has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 28 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 29 rate rate NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 30 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 31 progression progression NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 32 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 33 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 34 changed change VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 35 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 36 recent recent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 37 years year NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 372 38 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 373 1 Virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 373 2 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 373 3 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 373 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 373 5 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 373 6 infection infection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 373 7 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 373 8 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 373 9 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 373 10 perspective perspective NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 2 key key JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 3 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 6 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 9 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 10 focuses focus VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 11 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 12 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 13 factors factor NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 14 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 15 determine determine VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 16 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 17 SPVL SPVL NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 18 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 19 shows show VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 20 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 21 importance importance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 22 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 23 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 24 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 25 traits trait NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 26 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 27 shaping shape VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 28 SPVL SPVL NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 29 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 30 hence hence RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 31 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 374 32 severity severity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 1 Temporal temporal JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 2 trends trend NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 4 initial initial JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 5 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 6 cell cell NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 7 counts count VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 8 following follow VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 9 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 10 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 11 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 12 seroconversion seroconversion NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 13 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 14 Italy Italy NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 15 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 16 1985 1985 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 17 - - SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 18 1992 1992 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 375 19 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 376 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 376 2 human human JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 376 3 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 376 4 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 376 5 Italian italian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 376 6 seroconversion seroconversion NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 376 7 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 376 8 Is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 376 9 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 376 10 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 376 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 376 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 376 13 changing change VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 376 14 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 1 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 2 meta meta JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 3 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 4 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 6 trends trend NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 7 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 8 prognostic prognostic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 9 markers marker NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 10 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 12 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 13 progression progression NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 14 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 15 transmission transmission NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 16 Association Association NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 17 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 18 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 19 rate rate NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 20 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 21 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 22 + + CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 23 T T NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 24 cell cell NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 25 decrease decrease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 26 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 27 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 28 year year NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 29 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 30 human human NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 31 immunodeficeny immunodeficeny NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 32 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 34 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 36 type type NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 37 1 1 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 38 seroconversion seroconversion NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 39 among among IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 40 persons person NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 41 enrolled enrol VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 42 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 43 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 44 Swiss swiss JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 45 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 46 cohort cohort NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 47 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 48 Is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 49 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 50 evolving evolve VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 51 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 52 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 53 less less RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 54 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 55 form form NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 56 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 57 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 377 58 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 378 1 Replicative replicative JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 378 2 fitness fitness NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 378 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 378 4 transmitted transmit VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 378 5 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 378 6 drives drive VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 378 7 acute acute JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 378 8 immune immune JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 378 9 activation activation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 378 10 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 378 11 proviral proviral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 378 12 load load NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 378 13 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 378 14 memory memory NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 379 1 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 379 2 + + CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 379 3 T t NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 379 4 cells cell NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 379 5 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 379 6 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 379 7 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 379 8 progression progression NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 1 Impaired impair VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 2 replication replication NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 3 capacity capacity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 5 acute/ acute/ NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 6 early early JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 7 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 8 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 9 persons person NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 10 who who WP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 11 become become VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 13 controllers controller NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 14 Viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 15 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 16 variation variation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 17 accounts account VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 18 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 19 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 20 third third NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 21 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 22 variability variability NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 23 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 24 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 25 set set NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 26 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 27 point point NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 28 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 29 load load NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 30 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 31 Europe Europe NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 32 Common common JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 33 genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 34 variation variation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 35 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 36 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 37 control control NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 38 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 39 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 40 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 41 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 42 Phylogenetic Phylogenetic NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 43 approach approach NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 44 reveals reveal VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 45 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 46 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 47 genotype genotype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 48 largely largely RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 49 determines determine VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 50 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 51 set set NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 52 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 53 point point NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 54 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 55 load load NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 56 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 57 transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 58 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 59 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 60 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 61 trade trade NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 62 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 63 off off RP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 64 explains explain VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 65 attenuation attenuation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 66 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 67 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 68 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 380 69 Uganda Uganda NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 381 1 Can Can MD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 381 2 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 381 3 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 381 4 evolve evolve VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 381 5 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 381 6 be be VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 381 7 less less RBR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 381 8 virulent virulent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 381 9 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 381 10 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 381 11 ? ? . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 1 This this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 2 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 3 uses use VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 4 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 5 combination combination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 6 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 7 phylogenetics phylogenetic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 8 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 9 experimental experimental JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 10 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 11 to to TO cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 12 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 13 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 14 importance importance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 16 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 17 A82V A82V NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 18 substitution substitution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 19 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 20 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 21 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 22 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 23 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 24 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 25 infectivity infectivity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 26 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 27 suggests suggest VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 28 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 29 A82V A82V NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 30 has have VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 382 31 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 1 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 2 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 3 Filovirus Filovirus NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 4 receptor receptor NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 5 NPC1 NPC1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 6 contributes contribute VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 7 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 8 species species NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 9 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 10 specific specific JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 11 patterns pattern NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 13 ebolavirus ebolavirus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 14 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 15 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 383 16 bats bat NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 1 Recently recently RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 2 identified identify VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 3 mutations mutation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 4 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 5 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 6 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 7 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 8 - - : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 9 Makona Makona NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 10 genome genome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 11 do do VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 12 not not RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 13 alter alter VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 14 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 15 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 16 animal animal NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 17 models model NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 18 Zika Zika NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 19 fever fever NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 20 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 21 congenital congenital JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 22 Zika Zika NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 23 syndrome syndrome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 24 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 25 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 26 unexpected unexpected JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 27 emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 28 arboviral arboviral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 29 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 30 Guillain Guillain NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 31 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 32 BarrĂ© BarrĂ© NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 33 syndrome syndrome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 34 outbreak outbreak NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 35 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 36 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 37 Zika Zika NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 38 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 39 infection infection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 40 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 41 French French NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 42 Polynesia Polynesia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 43 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 44 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 45 case case NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 46 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 47 control control NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 48 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 49 Zika Zika NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 50 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 51 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 52 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 53 Americas Americas NNPS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 54 -yet -yet VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 55 another another DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 56 arbovirus arbovirus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 57 threat threat NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 58 Differential differential JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 59 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 60 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 61 Asian asian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 62 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 63 African african JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 64 lineages lineage NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 65 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 66 Zika Zika NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 67 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 68 Genomic genomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 69 insights insight NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 70 into into IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 71 Zika Zika NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 72 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 73 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 74 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 75 spread spread VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 76 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 77 enhancement enhancement NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 78 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 79 Zika Zika NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 80 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 81 infectivity infectivity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 82 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 83 Aedes Aedes NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 384 84 aegypti aegypti NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 385 1 mosquitoes mosquito NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 2 results result NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 4 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 5 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 6 suggest suggest VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 7 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 8 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 9 mutation mutation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 10 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 11 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 12 NS1 ns1 NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 13 protein protein NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 14 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 15 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 16 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 17 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 18 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 19 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 20 recent recent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 21 outbreak outbreak NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 22 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 23 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 24 Americas Americas NNPS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 25 causes cause VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 26 increased increase VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 27 infectivity infectivity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 28 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 29 Aedes Aedes NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 30 aegypti aegypti NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 31 mosquitoes mosquitoe VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 32 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 33 single single JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 34 mutation mutation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 35 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 36 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 37 prM prm JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 38 protein protein NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 39 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 40 Zika Zika NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 41 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 42 contributes contribute VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 43 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 44 fetal fetal JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 45 microcephaly microcephaly NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 46 Replication replication NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 47 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 48 early early JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 49 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 50 recent recent JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 51 Zika Zika NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 52 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 53 isolates isolate VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 54 throughout throughout IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 55 mouse mouse NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 56 brain brain NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 386 57 development development NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 2 genomics genomic NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 4 emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 6 Towards towards IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 7 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 8 genomicsinformed genomicsinformed NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 9 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 10 real real JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 11 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 12 time time NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 14 global global JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 15 pathogen pathogen NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 16 surveillance surveillance NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 17 system system NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 18 Metatranscriptomics Metatranscriptomics NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 19 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 20 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 21 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 22 biology biology NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 23 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 387 25 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 1 Predicting predict VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 2 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 3 emergence emergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 4 amidst amidst IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 5 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 6 noise noise NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 7 Biocontrol biocontrol NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 8 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 9 common common JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 10 carp carp NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 11 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 12 Australia Australia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 13 poses pose VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 14 risks risk NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 15 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 16 biosecurity biosecurity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 17 Biocontrol biocontrol NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 18 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 19 invasive invasive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 20 carp carp NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 21 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 22 risks risk NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 23 abound abound VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 24 Safe safe JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 25 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 26 effective effective JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 27 biocontrol biocontrol NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 28 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 29 common common JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 30 carp carp NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 31 Cyprinid Cyprinid NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 32 herpesvirus herpesvirus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 33 3 3 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 34 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 35 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 36 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 37 future future NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 38 as as IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 39 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 40 biological biological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 41 control control NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 42 agent agent NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 43 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 44 carp carp NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 45 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 46 Australia Australia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 47 Virulence Virulence NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 48 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 49 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 50 emerging emerge VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 51 infectious infectious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 388 52 diseases disease NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 389 1 Natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 389 2 SIV SIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 389 3 hosts host NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 389 4 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 390 1 Showing show VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 390 2 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 390 3 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 390 4 door door NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 390 5 Understanding understand VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 390 6 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 390 7 benign benign JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 390 8 nature nature NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 390 9 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 390 10 SIV SIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 390 11 infection infection NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 390 12 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 390 13 natural natural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 390 14 hosts host NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 2 results result NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 4 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 5 study study NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 6 suggest suggest VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 7 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 8 simian simian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 9 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 10 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 11 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 12 chimpanzees chimpanzee NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 13 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 14 which which WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 15 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 16 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 17 ancestor ancestor NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 18 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 20 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 21 increases increase VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 22 mortality mortality NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 23 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 24 these these DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 391 25 animals animal NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 392 1 Transmission transmission NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 392 2 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 392 3 equine equine JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 392 4 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 392 5 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 392 6 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 392 7 dogs dog NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 392 8 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 392 9 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 392 10 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 392 11 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 392 12 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 392 13 hosts host NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 392 14 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 1 dogs dog NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 2 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 3 horses horse NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 4 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 5 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 6 new new JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 7 possibilities possibility NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 8 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 9 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 10 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 11 exposure exposure NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 13 humans human NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 14 Equine equine JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 15 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 16 canine canine JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 17 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 18 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 19 H3N8 H3N8 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 20 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 21 show show VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 22 minimal minimal JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 23 biological biological JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 24 differences difference NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 25 despite despite IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 26 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 27 divergence divergence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 28 Rabies Rabies NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 29 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 30 still still RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 31 neglected neglect VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 32 after after IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 33 125 125 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 34 years year NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 35 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 36 vaccination vaccination NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 37 Virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 38 comparisons comparison NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 39 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 40 infectious infectious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 41 hematopoietic hematopoietic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 42 necrosis necrosis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 43 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 44 U U NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 45 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 46 M m CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 47 genogroups genogroup NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 48 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 49 sockeye sockeye NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 50 slamon slamon NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 51 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 52 rainbow rainbow NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 53 trout trout NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 54 Differential differential JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 55 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 56 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 57 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 58 infectious infectious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 59 hematopoietic hematopoietic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 60 necrosis necrosis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 61 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 62 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 63 rainbow rainbow NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 393 64 trout trout NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 394 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 394 2 Oncorhynchus Oncorhynchus NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 394 3 mykiss mykiss NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 394 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 394 5 include include VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 394 6 host host NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 394 7 entry entry NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 394 8 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 394 9 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 394 10 replication replication NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 394 11 kinetics kinetics NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 2 evolution evolution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 3 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 4 myxoma myxoma NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 5 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 6 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 7 genomic genomic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 8 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 9 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 10 characterization characterization NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 11 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 12 isolates isolate NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 13 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 14 Great Great NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 15 Britain Britain NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 16 reveals reveal VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 17 multiple multiple JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 18 successful successful JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 19 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 20 pathways pathway NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 21 distinct distinct JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 22 from from IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 23 those those DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 24 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 395 25 Australia Australia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 1 Next next JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 2 step step NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 3 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 4 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 5 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 6 arms arm NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 7 race race NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 8 between between IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 9 myxoma myxoma NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 10 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 11 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 12 wild wild JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 13 rabbits rabbit NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 14 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 15 Australia Australia NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 16 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 17 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 18 novel novel JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 19 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 396 20 phenotype phenotype NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 1 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 2 single single JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 3 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 4 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 5 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 6 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 7 substitution substitution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 8 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 9 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 10 NS1 ns1 NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 11 protein protein NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 12 changes change VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 13 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 14 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 15 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 16 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 17 avian avian JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 18 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 19 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 20 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 397 21 mice mouse NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 398 1 A a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 398 2 single single JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 398 3 amino amino NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 398 4 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 398 5 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 398 6 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 398 7 stalk stalk NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 398 8 region region NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 398 9 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 398 10 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 398 11 H1N1pdm H1N1pdm NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 398 12 influenza influenza NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 398 13 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 1 HA HA NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 2 protein protein NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 3 affects affect VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 4 viral viral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 5 fusion fusion NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 6 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 7 stability stability NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 8 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 9 infectivity infectivity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 10 Genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 11 determinants determinant NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 12 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 13 Japanese japanese JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 14 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 15 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 399 16 vaccine vaccine NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 400 1 strain strain VB cord-277417-f71jwdzj 400 2 SA14 SA14 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 400 3 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 400 4 14 14 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 400 5 - - SYM cord-277417-f71jwdzj 400 6 2 2 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 1 that that IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 2 govern govern VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 3 attenuation attenuation NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 4 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 5 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 6 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 7 mice mouse NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 8 Effect effect NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 9 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 10 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 11 88-amino 88-amino CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 12 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 13 acid acid NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 14 deletion deletion NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 15 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 16 nsp2 nsp2 NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 17 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 18 porcine porcine JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 19 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 20 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 21 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 22 syndrome syndrome NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 23 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 24 on on IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 25 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 26 replication replication NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 27 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 28 cytokine cytokine NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 29 responses response NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 30 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 401 31 vitro vitro FW cord-277417-f71jwdzj 402 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 402 2 glutamic glutamic NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 402 3 residue residue NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 402 4 at at IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 402 5 position position NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 402 6 402 402 CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 402 7 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 1 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 2 C C NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 3 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 4 terminus terminus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 6 Newcastle Newcastle NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 7 disease disease NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 8 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 9 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 10 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 11 critical critical JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 12 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 13 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 14 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 15 Low low JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 16 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 17 rate rate NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 18 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 19 infectious infectious JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 20 pancreatic pancreatic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 21 necrosis necrosis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 22 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 24 IPNV IPNV NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 26 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 27 Italy Italy NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 28 is be VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 29 associated associate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 30 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 31 reduced reduce VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 32 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 33 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 34 trout trout NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 35 Characterization characterization NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 36 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 37 an an DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 38 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 39 determinant determinant NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 40 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 41 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 42 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 43 that that WDT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 44 correlates correlate VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 45 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 46 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 47 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 48 rabies rabies NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 49 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 50 M148R M148R NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 51 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 52 M149R M149R NNPS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 53 are be VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 54 two two CD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 55 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 56 factors factor NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 57 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 58 myxoma myxoma NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 59 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 60 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 61 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 62 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 63 European european JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 64 rabbit rabbit NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 65 Genetic genetic JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 66 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 67 structural structural JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 68 analysis analysis NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 69 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 70 a a DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 71 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 72 determinant determinant NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 73 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 74 polyomavirus polyomavirus JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 75 VP1 VP1 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 76 Sheeppox Sheeppox NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 77 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 78 kelch kelch NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 79 - - HYPH cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 80 like like JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 81 gene gene NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 82 SPPV-019 SPPV-019 NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 403 83 affects affect VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 404 1 virus virus NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 404 2 virulence virulence NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 404 3 RElaTED relate VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 404 4 links link VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 404 5 National National NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 404 6 Geographic Geographic NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 404 7 : : : cord-277417-f71jwdzj 405 1 leaky leaky JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 405 2 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 405 3 enhance enhance VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 405 4 spread spread NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 405 5 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 405 6 deadlier deadly JJR cord-277417-f71jwdzj 405 7 chicken chicken NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 405 8 viruses virus NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 406 1 Both both DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 406 2 authors author NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 406 3 contributed contribute VBD cord-277417-f71jwdzj 406 4 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 406 5 all all DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 406 6 aspects aspect NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 406 7 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 406 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 406 9 manuscript manuscript NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 406 10 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 407 1 The the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 407 2 authors author NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 407 3 declare declare VBP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 407 4 no no DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 407 5 competing compete VBG cord-277417-f71jwdzj 407 6 interests interest NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 407 7 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 1 Springer Springer NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 2 Nature Nature NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 3 remains remain VBZ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 4 neutral neutral JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 5 with with IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 6 regard regard NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 7 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 8 jurisdictional jurisdictional JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 9 claims claim NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 10 in in IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 11 published publish VBN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 12 maps map NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 13 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 14 institutional institutional JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 15 affiliations affiliation NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 408 16 . . . cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 1 Nature Nature NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 2 Reviews Reviews NNPS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 3 Genetics Genetics NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 4 thanks thank NNS cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 5 S. S. NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 6 Alizon Alizon NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 7 and and CC cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 8 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 9 other other JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 10 , , , cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 11 anonymous anonymous JJ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 12 reviewer(s reviewer(s NNP cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 14 for for IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 16 contribution contribution NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 17 to to IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 18 the the DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 19 peer peer NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 20 review review NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 21 of of IN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 22 this this DT cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 23 work work NN cord-277417-f71jwdzj 409 24 . . .