id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-276637-re9c3e0b	Khan, Junaid S.	Parasites of seabirds: A survey of effects and ecological implications	2019-04-04		.txt	text/plain	13674	706	48	In particular, a range of microand macro-parasites can affect seabird species, including ticks, mites, helminths, viruses and bacteria in gulls, terns, skimmers, skuas, auks and selected phalaropes (Charadriiformes), tropicbirds (Phaethontiformes), penguins (Sphenisciformes), tubenoses (Procellariiformes), cormorants, frigatebirds, boobies, gannets (Suliformes), and pelicans (Pelecaniformes) and marine seaducks and loons (Anseriformes and Gaviiformes). Except under extreme conditions where the presence of a parasite has a devastating impact causing widespread mortality (e.g. avian cholera; Butler et al., 2011; Descamps et al., 2012; Friend and Franson, 1999) , little is known about how interactions with these organisms alter seabird health, reproductive success, and ultimately, seabird population viability and evolution. Among arthropods, ticks transmit the greatest variety of infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and even helminths, but most research to date on seabirds has focused on Ixodes spp., which act as vectors of Lyme disease bacteria (Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.; Dantas-Torres et al., 2012; Jongejan and Uilenberg, 2004; Table 1 ).	./cache/cord-276637-re9c3e0b.txt	./txt/cord-276637-re9c3e0b.txt