cord-004971-jwpb7862	2002	The home environment, particularly the kitchen and bathroom, serves as a reservoir of large numbers of microorganisms, particularly Enterobacteriacae,and infectious disease transmission has been demonstrated to occur in 6–60% of households in which one member is ill. Recent events, including widespread media coverage of foodborne outbreaks and increased marketing of a variety of antibacterial products for personal hygiene and hard surface disinfection, have resulted in a resurgence of interest and public concern about hygiene and cleanliness in the home. 17 In a study to evaluate the survival of bacteria and enteric viruses during washing and drying as performed in U.S. homes, sterile cotton swabs were inoculated with Mycobacterium fortuitum, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, E. This body of research suggests that a product containing an ingredient with disinfectant properties, such as alcohol, bleach or a phenolic, may be indicated for home use if a household member is ill with an infectious disease or in other high-risk situations.
cord-025971-09u3kn1k	2020	A highly coordinated and frequently communicated approach to infection control, case identification and employee screening can be performed by home health and personal home care organizations. In this report, we present the mitigation methods we have utilized in our home health and personal home care affiliates in the 100 days since the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in the U.S. on January 20, 2020. In addition, we report a COVID-19 positive case series of home health and personal home care patients, summarizing our initial experience in supporting patients during the pandemic. In the 100-day period between January 20, 2020 and April 30, 2020, our home health and personal home care affiliates provided services to 67 COVID-19 positive patients (<0.3% of census). A highly coordinated and frequently communicated approach to infection control, case identification and caregiver and clinician screening can be performed by home health and personal home care organizations.
cord-030506-mqsgqfbs	2020	Following Covid-19 lockdowns and transitions to online education, the Global Pedagogical Blackout is now more clearly evidenced as a consequence of the transformation of the capitalist mode of production through the acceleration of scientific-technological innovation (Bonilla-Molina 2020a, b, c, d) . The preventive quarantine has been used to enhance the construction of hegemony upon a new model of education, virtual education at home (Bonilla-Molina 2020e, f), which is already in proposal by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), World Bank, Organization for Economic Development (OECD), and the US Trump administration. During the Covid-19 pandemic and its social distancing context, parents and families are abruptly given the responsibility to endow their students with equipped computers, the Internet, access to platforms, and a ''virtual pedagogy.'' This is not a temporary situation as we are led to believe, but an integral part of the political and ideological architecture of education and schooling that has been in the making for a long time (Bonilla-Molina 2020g).
cord-031229-9hjhujv9	2020	Research has found continued widespread resistance of managers to enable lower level employees to work from home (Williamson, Colley, Foley, & Cooper, 2018) . It also considers the messaging emerging during the development of transitional arrangements as employees began to return to their usual workplace, in order to assess whether working from home will become ''the new normal''. This range of responses seemed less related to rates of COVID-19 infection across jurisdictions at the time, but rather indicated varying levels of acceptance or resistance to the practice of working from home. Prior to the pandemic, there was evidence of considerable resistance to working from home from some managers who had concerns about technology, compliance with employment regulation, and employees'' productivity and performance (Williamson et al., 2018) . The continued take-up and normalisation of working from home will vary across and within jurisdictions, due to the institutional arrangements for public sector human resource management.
cord-031544-clzt6kyg	2020	Thus, owing to the lack of physical exposure to clinical settings, it is likely that our patients with sexual dysfunction, with or without infertility, who stand to benefit the most from our taking a potential risk of prescribing medications after virtual care. Overall, the availability of prescription medications with well-defined risk profiles to patients through virtual sources is only likely to enhance the access to care for sexual and reproductive health conditions by easing the pain of embarrassment some patients may experience. In light of the current situation of the COVID pandemic along with the boom of telemedicine, physicians should consider incorporating home-based kits for both male and female fertility testing with the caveats that even though we may not get accurate data all the time, data from these kits can be used to guide care. Although physical examination and in-office diagnostics are paramount for the evaluation of both female and male fertility, an initial telehealth visit can uncover pertinent history, identify risk factors, and establish the physician-patient relationship.
cord-032750-sjsju0qp	2020	title: Navigating ''Home Schooling'' during COVID-19: Australian public response on Twitter Choice to send children to school lies with families, and distance education packages and resources or online remote learning will be provided to any student who is kept home. Parents can choose not to send their children to school, but are then ''responsible for the student''s learning, safety and wellbeing at home or elsewhere''. We adopt both quantitative (descriptive) and qualitative approaches to analysing the contents of the collected tweets to identify their major themes and concerns of the Australian public in relation to home schooling during the pandemic. Arguably, the frustration over the definition of the learning is highlighting how unsure parents feel in this new role: I came across some online twitter debate on whether it was technically home schooling when in reality you aren''t setting the work.
cord-034169-nkosr3br	2020	Home visiting is an essential preventative social service model that builds on the families'' own strengths J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f and supports them to navigate circumstances and stressors contributing to health inequities in underserved communities. Home visitors provide services that improve health care access and education to participants; they collaborate with families to assist in navigating health and social systems and give dedicated attention that may be more problematic to obtain in the traditional health system (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014) . Nurses and clinically trained technicians are also direct-care providers in some home visiting models, including Nurse Family Partnership, supporting individuals with health education, counseling, and medical services outside of the clinic system.
cord-035342-sf0zld5z	2020	Following the home bias and the intra-national local bias investors are inclined to invest disproportionately into local and domestic assets, not following portfolio diversification strategies. But, even in a model without barriers to international investments, investors hold a higher share of domestic assets than expected by standard portfolio theory (Stulz 1981a) . Since home bias is a type of portfolio concentration, this finding means that an investor is inclined to learn more and more about the assets he already knows in order to obtain specific information. Though, different to many studies, in this review not all of the analyses, that state a not-better performance of biased portfolios, are considered to be in favour of the familiarity explanation for home and local bias but have to provide explicit evidence that pure familiarity plays a significant role to explain the bias.
cord-103020-ckuma42j	2020	Background Outcomes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with persistent hypercapnic respiratory failure are improved by long-term home non-invasive ventilation (NIV). The primary outcome of this study was time to readmission or death at 12 months in patients receiving home-NIV versus a retrospectively identified control cohort of 27 patients with hypercapnic COPD who had not been referred for home-NIV. The present study retrospectively analysed all patients who were commenced on therapy over the first 12 months of this service, with aim of determining whether outcomes similar to RCTs were achieved in a real-world cohort of hypercapnic COPD patients with typical comorbidities (which would have excluded many from NIV RCTs) who are managed with remote-monitored home NIV. Changes in healthcare usage (number of hospital admissions, OBDs, and respiratory nurse home visits) and capillary blood gas PCO 2 and bicarbonate between NIV users, NIV non-users and the control cohort were analysed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
cord-103220-abatwr1k	2020	The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the need to ensure that strategic and operational approaches to retain high quality, resilient frontline care home workers, who are not registered nurses, are informed by context specific, high quality evidence. The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the need to ensure that strategic and operational approaches to retain high quality, resilient frontline care home workers, who are not registered nurses, are informed by specific, quality evidence. We therefore conducted this scoping review to address the question: What is the current evidence for best practice to support the resilience and retention of frontline care workers in care homes for older people? We therefore conducted this scoping review to address the question: What is the current evidence for best practice to support the resilience and retention of frontline care workers in care homes for older people?
cord-168579-w2lsg7go	2020	We aim to provide tangible evidence of the human mobility trends by comparing the day-by-day variations across the U.S. Large-scale public mobility at an aggregated level is observed by leveraging mobile device location data and the measures related to social distancing. We explore the mobility variations regarding the COVID-19 progression and government stay-at-home orders by applying the metrics that are closely related to social distancing. Then the statewide trend analysis further evaluates the public reaction stability based on one measure, the percentage of people staying home, which we believe to have a high correlation with social distancing. In order to provide an integrated perspective on public reactions related to the pandemic propagation and the non-pharmaceutical interventions, we examine the day-by-day mobility variations across the U.S. by leveraging mobile device location data and the measures related to social distancing.
cord-181770-3771n22i	2020	We assume that the effort attached to human capital depends on the time spent on distracting activities, occurring during the working period. We show that in the long run the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of home-office labor is sufficiently small only if the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of the time spent on distracting activities is small enough too. We show that in the long run the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of home-office labor is sufficiently small only if the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of the time spent on distracting activities is small enough too. The benevolent planner''s problem is then to chose paths of consumption c, labor l, and time spent s on distracting activities in order to maximise the discounted stream of payoffs by every identical agent in the economy ∞ 0 e −ρt V (c t , l t , s t )dt (5) subject to (3) and (4) with k o > 0 and h o > given.
cord-255799-3j8axc4d	2020	We would like to report the case of an Alzheimer Disease patient affected by Covid-19 admitted to the Hospital at Home Service (HHS) of the University Teaching Hospital of Turin, Italy. She was then moved to an Acute Medical Ward, where she was treated with cephalosporin and fluid supplementation with marginal improvement of clinical conditions (oxygen supplementation was stopped) and blood chemistries (creatinine 1.01 mg/dL, PCR 59 mg/L), but persistently high WBC count (14310 cells/mm 3 March 23rd, the patient returned home with the support of HHS program. Substitutive "hospital at home" versus inpatient care for elderly patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective randomized, controlled trial Hospital at home for elderly patients with acute decompensation of chronic heart failure: a prospective randomized controlled trial Delirium in elderly home-treated patients: a prospective study with 6-month follow-up
cord-256030-5xzuilc1	2020	According to the data from the French Biomedicine Agency, during the peak period of the epidemic, between March 1 and June 15, 2020, only 7 of the 423 patients on home hemodialysis in France were diagnosed with COVID-19; the incidence is similar to that observed in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (1.8%). For instance, in the Ile de France region, one of the most affected by the pandemic, data from the Biomedicine Agency indicate that 930 out of 8,025 patients (11.5%) on in-center hemodialysis were diagnosed with COVID-19, whereas only 4 out of 109 patients on home hemodialysis developed the disease (3.6%) (p = 0.001). Furthermore, globally 52 of our 55 patients later agreed to have a SARS-CoV-2 serology test performed, which was positive in the 2 patients Therefore, within the limits of a small series, and while waiting for additional data, we would like to confirm that our experience underlines the importance of developing an efficient home hemodialysis network, able to patients in a time of epidemic.
cord-260257-phmd0u6d	2020	METHODS: A cross-sectional, online survey in the United States measured willingness to seek testing if feeling ill under different specimen collection scenarios: home-based saliva, home-based swab, drive-through facility swab, and clinic-based swab. 8, 9 Calls for home-based specimen collection or drive-through specimen collection models to address SARS-CoV-2 virus test scale-up have cogently argued that these approaches have the benefit of (1) avoiding burdening hospitals at a critical time, (2) avoiding potential nosocomial infections (the risk of acquiring disease from clinical or laboratory settings), (3) likely lowering costs, and (4) potentially achieving rapid scale-up due to laboratory centralization. We conducted an online survey to assess patient willingness to use the following SARS-CoV-2 testing modalities for clinical care: home-based specimen collection, drive-through testing, and clinic-based testing. Across a diverse sample of 1,435 participants, one-third more persons reported that they would be willing to collect specimens at home for SARS-CoV-2 testing if they experienced illness, compared to clinic-based testing.
cord-262594-kzt09vmf	2020	Taking Metro Atlanta as a study case, we perform a trend-driven analysis by conducting Kmeans time-series clustering using fine-grained home dwell time records from SafeGraph, and further assess the statistical significance of sixteen demographic/socioeconomic variables from five major categories. The objective of this study is to explore the capability of time-series clustering in categorizing fine-grained mobility records during the COVID-19 pandemic, and further investigate what demographic/socioeconomic variables differ among the categories with statistical significance. Taking advantage of the home dwell time at Census Block Group (CBG) level from the SafeGraph [17] , and using the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell metropolitan statistical area (MSA) (hereafter referred to as Metro Atlanta) as a study case, this study investigates the potential driving factors that lead to the disparity in the time-series of home dwell time during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing fundamental knowledge that benefits policy-making for better mitigation measures of future pandemics.
cord-264651-cqxmpxyq	2020	During previous global health crises, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and influenza A (H1N1), research documented issues related to school closures such as conflicts between parental work responsibilities and child care needs, lack of effective communication between parents and schools, and a lack of inclusive procedures to provide students access to needed resources and services (Boon et al., 2011; Braunack-Mayer et al., 2013; O''Sullivan et al., 2009 ). To the best of our knowledge, to date there are no national estimates of how many parents were able to use online resources to provide at-home education for their children during the time period examined in the current study (April 2020). We present qualitative analyses using thematic content coding to examine parents'' responses to open-ended questions about common daily disruptions, the use of technology for children''s education, parents'' perceived changes in child behavior, and parents'' perceptions of what children need during the pandemic.
cord-272923-5ekgb0zx	2020	In Iceland, as elsewhere, women work part-time jobs in higher numbers, and mothers reduce their labor participation following childbirth more often than do fathers (Gíslason & Símonardóttir, 2018) . In the following example, a mother of a 2-year-old working in mass media, who worked entirely from home as did her husband, described one of her days like this: "I''m a little anxious because of all this, the situation in society. This is in accordance with previous studies on gendered control of time among parents (Bryson, 2016; Friedman, 2015) and new research conducted during Covid-19 that indicate that unpaid work performed by mothers has increased during the pandemic (Craig & Churchill, 2020; Manzo & Minello, 2020) . One of the patterns identified in the reflections of the women in our study was how they seemed to be stunned by how uneven the division of labor turned out to be during the pandemic and how much time and energy they devoted to household chores and the management of the household, carrying out the mental work within the family.
cord-275281-baxst5an	2020	We match census block group level Safegraph mobile device data with demographic data from the American Community Survey to identify trends amongst different subgroups of the population. Our method yields up-to-date estimates of time spent at home across demographic groups, a classification unavailable using mobile device data alone. (2020) , who document heterogeneous mobility by income quintiles, 25 by evaluating education levels and occupations with the ability to work from home. We classify each CBG based on the composition of the population along the following characteristics: education, 40 household income, and occupations with ability to work from home. . https://doi.org/10.1101 We explore the heterogeneity of this response along education, income, and ability to work from home (Figure 1 ). We find that those with Bachelor''s degrees or higher, household incomes greater than $100,000, and a greater ability to work from home spent significantly more time at home relative to the rest 100 of the population.
cord-283288-e2a2955u	2020	The Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Initiative is funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) to all U.S. states and territories to provide perinatal home visiting support to pregnant women and families with infants in high-need communities. By the second week of March, Florida MIECHV leadership announced plans for transitioning to virtual operations, and by the third week provided written guidance that included: overarching principles; basic CDCinformed guidance on preventing COVID-19 transmission for staff, for their families, and for their clients; considerations for technology, security/confidentiality, and fidelity to home visiting model; guidance for educating families on COVID-19 resources (e.g., CDC and FDOH updates, mental health resources, contacting health care providers for concerns, and preparing supplies, quarantine and childcare); and suggestions for the LIA organizations to support their staff with contact information, regular communication, data entry contingency plans, restructuring group activities/events, and staff supervision.
cord-285056-b2iltrqx	2020	title: COVID-19: it is time to balance infection management and person-centered care to maintain mental health of people living in German nursing homes In cases where people with cognitive impairment (e.g. dementia) and challenging behavior need to be isolated, this is usually done in a separate unit or room (e.g. in the rooms of a closed day care facility which can be a subsidiary facility of a nursing home) and often with a caregiver who is then responsible only for that particular resident. Therefore, infection management and person-centered care have to be weighed carefully in order to maintain the residents'' social participation, mental health, and quality of life. Based on this information, residents and caregivers have to negotiate the implementation of infection management measures and to deal with the need for the provision of person-centered care under the current circumstances.
cord-286193-3yy9exry	2020	The aim of our study was to describe the evolution of outbreaks of COVID-19 in all care homes in one health region in Scotland, specifically the timing of outbreaks, number of confirmed cases in residents, care home characteristics associated with the presence of an outbreak, and deaths of residents in both care homes and hospitals. We used publicly available national data for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and deaths from COVID-19, which were linked to regulatory public health data, to describe the evolution of outbreaks of COVID-19 in all care homes in one large health region in Scotland. In accordance with NHS Lothian public health team practice during the COVID-19 pandemic, we defined the start of a COVID-19 outbreak in a care home as the date when the first resident had a positive test for SARS-CoV-2, using regional virology laboratory PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swabs.
cord-287765-nsdequl9	2020	To this end, a remote smart home healthcare support system (ShHeS) is proposed for monitoring patients'' health status and receiving doctors'' prescriptions while staying at home. In this paper, we propose a mobile application-based prototype smart home healthcare system for efficient and effective health monitoring for the elderly and disabled for their convenient and independent living while at home. Smart home automation as an emerging area of IoT has been applied in various areas such as: easy and assisted daily living especially for the provision of support to humans [17] , remote control of home appliances [18, 19] , detection of movement in the house [20] , energy management in the home [21] and security [22] , and provision of healthcare services to out-patients, disabled and elderly persons [10, 23, 24] . The proposed system described in our work is intended to perform a dual function of controlling home appliances as well as monitoring and recording the patient''s physiological data such as blood pressure, body temperature, pulse rate, body weight and sugar level and other symptoms related to a specific virus.
cord-291461-jzkh7rgm	2020	Data extraction forms were developed (see Appendix 2) to collate, firstly, the following information about the quality improvement strategy (name of the QI strategy, number of staff, occupational groups involved, number of participating care homes, any control of comparator, and which process or outcome measures were reported), and, secondly, the resident-level intervention (number of participants, intervention descriptor, any control or comparator, outcome measures and results). The strengths of this review relate to the structured approach to the literature using both academic and grey literature databases, the inclusive search terms used, and the way in which we separated out quality improvement strategies (change management) from resident-level outcomes in our analysis. We advocate for a more robust approach to reporting QI interventions in care homes, with attention to describing both the quality improvement strategy (change management), how it leads to improved processes of resident-level care and finally to health outcomes.
cord-303731-yrlzxtbw	2020	The global 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had devastating effects not only on healthcare systems worldwide but also on different aspects of the care provided to nursing home residents. This article has summarised the actions taken in this regard and may serve as a reference to clinicians who are responsible for swallowing assessments and dysphagia management in nursing homes. Residents who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 were assessed after discharged to the nursing home as patients with COVID-19 were considered at high risk for oropharyngeal dysphagia [18] , especially those who have been previously intubated [19] . Therefore, standard and at-risk residents should be considered differently with respect to dysphagia assessments and management and personal protective equipment usage. Consequently, a surge in the use of telepractice for dysphagia management in nursing home settings was not observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-304450-1ub3xzsv	2020	Confirmatory results include: (1) the pandemic has had a negative effect on developers'' wellbeing and productivity; (2) productivity and wellbeing are closely related; (3) disaster preparedness, fear related to the pandemic and home office ergonomics all affect wellbeing or productivity. Research question: How is working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic affecting software developers'' emotional wellbeing and productivity? (2007) found that organizational and job-related factors (e.g. management culture, human resources support, structure of feedback) are more likely to affect teleworking employees'' satisfaction and perceived productivity than work styles (e.g. planning vs. Research on working from home has been criticized for relying on self-reports of perceived productivity, which may inflate its benefits (Bailey and Kurland 2002) ; however, objective measures often lack construct validity (Ralph and Tempero 2018) and perceived productivity correlates well with managers'' appraisals (Baruch 1996) .
cord-313173-0u4s5y20	2020	The current COVID-19 pandemic has reactivated ancient metaphors (especially military ones) but also initiated a new vocabulary: social distancing, lockdown, self-isolation, and sheltering in place. The global threat of pandemics therefore does not emerge spontaneously as a natural event but is the product of human behaviour. What is missing in the pandemic management responses so far is the ecological perspective that pandemics are related to the current economic global order which assumes a separation of humans and nature and regards nature as a resource to be exploited and commodified. This shift has been advocated by many environmental ethicists as well as in indigenous worldviews (Rolston 1988; Johnson 2020) .The ecological perspective implies that the military language of the pandemic is distorting the human embeddedness in the natural world. In an ecological perspective, vulnerability to infectious diseases is not confined to specific individuals, populations, or nations.
cord-313218-4rbxdimf	2020	However, we also found that older women are largely silent about their needs, and that experiences varied depending on life histories, health conditions, and the availability of supports in their wider environment (home care, alternative housing options, accessible transportation, opportunities for social and physical activities). Comparing the 2011 and 2016 censuses, the ratio of people aged 65 and older living in "collective dwellings" (e.g., assisted living, supportive housing, retirement residences, seniors'' apartments, continuum care facilities, and nursing homes) has dropped from 7.9% to 6.9% (Garner, Tanuseputro, Manuel, & Sanmartin, 2018; Statistics Canada, 2012) . For example, in a public guide issued by the federal government, "aging in place" is defined as "having access to services and the health and social supports and services you need to live safely and independently in your home or your community for as long as you wish and are able" (Federal/Provincial/Territorial Ministers Responsible for Seniors, 2015, p.1).
cord-316842-mnt12ot2	2020	RESULTS: For US states and countries, a larger number of days between the first reported case and stay-at-home mandates was associated with a longer time to reach the peak daily case and death counts. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the potential beneficial effect of earlier stay-at-home mandates, by shortening the time to peak case and death counts for US states and countries. Specific terms used in our online searches included ''date of stay-at-home orders 2020,'' ''non-pharmaceutical interventions COVID-19,'' and ''stay-at-home mandates.'' We conducted a search for each respective country and US state analyzed in the study. For both our country and US state-level-data, a larger number of days between the first reported case and the stay-at-home mandate was associated with a longer time to reach both the peak of daily cases and deaths for each respective region (Tables 1a and 1b is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
cord-321497-c7l88gjn	2020	This study examined relations of both stay-at-home orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to psychological outcomes (depression, health anxiety, financial worry, social support, and loneliness) in a nationwide U.S. community adult sample (N = 500; 47% women, mean age = 40). To extend this research to the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the U.S., the present study examined associations of stay-at-home orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to relevant psychological outcomes (i.e., depression, health anxiety, financial worry, perceived social support, and loneliness). Descriptive statistics for the primary variables of interest (stay-athome order status, perceived impact of COVID-19, depression symptom severity, health anxiety, financial worry, loneliness, and social support) were computed, as were point-biserial and Pearson product-moment correlations to examine zero-order associations among variables. The goal of the present study was to examine associations of stay-athome orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to relevant psychological outcomes (i.e., depression, health anxiety, financial worry, perceived social support, and loneliness).
cord-323207-cbyd53dr	2020	The EuGMS, as a society representing national organisations for geriatric medicine in Europe, instituted the Special Interest Group for Long Term Care in 2011, providing a European focus for the development of standards of care, research and education for the medical care of residents of NHs. We reported from a survey across members that only 12% of EUGMS countries had written medical care standards for physicians applicable to nursing home care provided by professional organizations [20] . These standards comprised of seven core principles of medical care for physicians working in NHs as a first step in developing a programme of clinical, academic and policy engagement in improving medical care for older people who are living and frequently also dying as residents in nursing homes. 3) Given the complexity of care associated with older people in nursing homes, physicians providing medical care to nursing home residents should have a formal competence in geriatric medicine and old age psychiatry.
cord-323251-yd29gk7q	2012	Using the appropriate sensing apparatus at a smart home setting, patients, elderlies and people with disabilities can have their health signals and information examined on a real-time and archival basis. The associated Borboleta system enables healthcare professionals to use PDAs (personal digital assistants) and mobile communication technologies for providing on-site home healthcare and improving the quality of public health services. One can view sensors being the foundation and communication networks as the pillars of a building, supporting various telemedicine applications under the roof to facilitate and provide a smart home environment to individuals, as shown in Fig. 1 . Applications of smart telemedicine technologies for specific diseases, emergency management, and the elderly and physically challenged, are presented in Sect. Many telemedicine systems leverage the latest mobile and wireless communication technologies as well as the widely available internet infrastructure to deliver quality services to home patients (Castro et al.
cord-324635-27q3nxte	2020	Thus, for long-term care facility (LTCF) residents and in hospitalised elderly people, UTI is the number one cause of infection and is the second most common in older women living in the community [19] . The first data on infection in nursing homes in Spain come from the EPINGER study, conducted in community health centres in Catalonia, which reported a prevalence of 6.5%, although it should be pointed out that in Catalonia the concept of the community health centre would include medium-long term patients, while in the rest of the Spanish autonomous communities this concept would be limited to nursing homes [40] . This is a multi-centre system for monitoring nosocomial infections, based on the production of an annual prevalence study, which has been conducted since 1990 in a large group of hospitals in Spain and was promoted by the Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Hygiene. The studies reviewed allow us to estimate a prevalence of infection of between 4 and 10% in nursing homes in Spain, depending on their complexity, and between 6 and 9% in hospitalised elderly people.
cord-324642-uk4ir8po	2020	title: Examining persuasive message type to encourage staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown: A randomized controlled study in Japan RESULTS: Compared with other messages, the message from a physician significantly increased participants'' intention to stay at home in areas with high numbers of people infected (versus a governor, p = .002; an expert, p = .023; a resident, p = .004). Such articles convey messages from governors, public health experts, physicians, COVID-19 patients, and residents of outbreak areas, encouraging people to stay at home. In areas with high numbers of infected people, the message from a physician, which conveyed the crisis of hospitals being overwhelmed and the consequent risk of people being unable to receive treatment, increased the intention to stay at home to a greater extent than other messages from a governor, a public health expert, a patient with COVID-19, and a resident of an outbreak area.
cord-326173-3x435v6q	2020	We find that work from home has been a generally positive experience with a significant number of respondents liking to work from home moving forward, with varying degrees of employer support, at a level above those seen before COVID-19. Likewise, the Google Community Mobility Report (Google 2020) presented in Figure 4 (which aggregates data across Australia and compares to the median value for the corresponding day of the week during the 5-week period Jan 3-Feb 6, 2020 as a baseline) shows a sustained increase in time spent at work, retail and recreation, and parks, while time at home has slowly diminished. Given the anecdotal evidence in new media sources about increased use of active travel modes (Abano 2020, Landis-Hanley 2020) and greater use of public spaces for exercise and recreation (O''Sullivan 2020), questions were included in Wave 2 around whether or not respondents had felt they had increased or decreased use of different modes in the previous week, and how they were planning to change their use as restrictions were eased.
cord-328565-3jzcdy1a	2020	title: The impact of COVID-19 on adjusted mortality risk in care homes for older adults in Wales, UK: a retrospective population-based cohort study for mortality in 2016–2020 AIM: to analyse the mortality of older care home residents in Wales during COVID-19 lockdown and compare this across the population of Wales and the previous 4 years. In this study, we utilise the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank [17] [18] [19] to investigate mortality in care homes in Wales in the initial phase of the UK lockdown and compare this with corresponding data from the four most recent years to estimate excess mortality. We aimed to compare the mortality risk for older care home residents (60+) in Wales for each year between 2016 and 2020. When compared with previous years and after adjustment for age, sex, deprivation and HFRS, our results show substantial excess mortality in care home residents during the first phase of the COVID-19 lockdown.
cord-330051-vskolc4g	2020	RESULTS: Using survey data from Florida''s registered voters, we find that Governor DeSantis''s approval dropped by 7 percentage points following his "Safer at Home" order press conference on April 1. On April 1, 2020 at 12:00 pm, DeSantis announced the issuing of Executive Order 20-19 "Safer at Home." We use this event in Florida politics to analyze how the public reacted to the preventative measures taken by the governor. Using an original survey of Florida registered voters, the main question we address in this study is how the Florida governor''s announcement of the "Safer at Home" order affected his public support. For example, 82.8 percent of Republicans who consider the virus to be an economic threat support the governor''s handling of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to 73.5 percent of the those who think it is more of a public health risk.
cord-333153-hjgf3ay8	2020	15 Among patients with mild to moderate functional limitation at baseline, loss of 1 ADL could have a profound effect on a patient''s health-related quality of life and lead to the perception that such a loss would be "worse than death." 16, 17 Although patients and their surrogates may be familiar with the risks of hospitalization for exacerbations of chronic diseases that they have suffered for many years (eg, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or congestive heart failure), providing them with an estimate of functional outcomes following hospitalization for an unplanned acute illness like pneumonia allows for shared decision making through scenario planning. 42 Our study demonstrates that nursing home admission, particularly with individuals suffering from cognitive and physical limitations who are admitted for long-term care, is likely the right time to initiate advance care planning around the decision to hospitalize for COVID or other pneumonias, as we found that residents are more likely to experience functional decline or death at 60 days following hospitalization than individuals diagnosed with metastatic nonesmall cell lung cancer.
cord-333518-67md81fq	2020	title: Converting Home Spaces Into Food Gardens At the Time of Covid-19 Quarantine: All the Benefits of Plants in This Difficult and Unprecedented Period Home vegetable gardens could provide a small-scale approach to the sustainable use of natural resources, leading towards self-sufficiency, self-regulation, sustainability, and environmental protection. The selection of plant species to cultivate in outside home spaces should be based primarily on their ability to cope with the harsh conditions of the urban environment, such as high wind and irradiance, lack of organic material and nutrients, and intermittent drought (Pavao-Zuckerman 2008). In Mediterranean climates, the hot late spring/summer days can raise soil temperature in the pots to even reach 40-50°C and air temperature 30-35°C , so it is advisable to use shade cloth or shading vegetation on the scaffolding to avoid burning roots and shoots of the plants so laboriously cultivated.
cord-333950-e0hd3iuu	2020	The authors call upon national and international policy makers, health agencies and healthcare professionals to further recognize the importance of targeted hygiene in the home and everyday life settings for preventing and controlling infection, in a unified quest to tackle AMR. 3, 4 The main driver is overuse and misuse of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture including unregulated over-the-counter sales, while global spread of resistant bacteria or resistance genes is attributed to poor infection prevention and control in healthcare facilities, and sub-optimal hygiene and sanitation in communities, confounded by poor infrastructure and weak governance. 94 Studies in day-care centers and schools in which hand hygiene was combined with cleaning and/or disinfection of environmental surfaces indicate a positive impact on illness rates and reduction in the use of antibiotics. The evidence set out in this paper suggests that, if combined with measures ensuring clean water and adequate sanitation, targeted hygiene practices in home and everyday life settings could make a significant contribution to tackling AMR through infection prevention and a consequential reduction in antibiotic prescribing.
cord-334524-8uqnlpvc	2020	Mobile health tools have been proposed as useful for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) given the complex progressive nature of disease and challenges associated with clinical trials of therapeutics. Beyond simple spirometry, home monitoring in IPF has extended to include measures of physical activity, symptoms, quality of life, and medication tolerability (4) (5) (6) (7) . Ninety patients were randomized at antifibrotic treatment initiation (46 to home monitoring and 44 to standard care), with between-group change in the King''s Brief ILD score as the primary outcome. Lung function data should be unblinded and accessible in real time for disease monitoring and management while providing reassurance or medical follow-up as clinically indicated. Home monitoring in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial It is critical to understand the risks posed by exposures to occupational lung carcinogens to develop effective control programs for this deadly disease.In this issue of the Journal, two papers by Ge and colleagues (pp.
cord-336467-w528t92h	2020	Residential care settings for older people are known variously as "nursing homes," "long-term care facilities," or "care homes." 1 In general, it is argued that the design of many of these facilities do not adequately support quality of life for older people, 2,3 and now this is compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic which illustrates how they are ill-designed for infection control and the protection of older people who are most at risk in our society. Quality of life and care issues pertain to all aspects of the nursing home built environment (ie, from nursing home location and interaction with the community, down to building details, components, and technology), therefore we adopt a spatial framework spanning macro (overall urban setting), meso (neighborhoods and districts), and micro-scale level issues (site/building design). Examining any new approaches to nursing home design through the lens of quality of life and resilience will help reduce fragility of long-term care and protect against ongoing infectious threats such as influenza or COVID-19, or future pandemics.
cord-337842-q03884i9	2020	As policy changes and interventions designed to support nursing homes are put into place, there are barriers to implementing a fundamental, highly effective element of infection control, namely the isolation of suspected or confirmed cases. Nursing homes that have not yet been impacted by COVID-19 have a narrow window of opportunity to prepare for the isolation of residents with dementia and front-line staff are now looking to their leadership and government bodies to help prepare to take these actions as safely and compassionately as possible Nursing home staff are experiencing moral distress due to the potential harms associated isolation of residents, as well as the severe consequences if these infection control measures are not effectively implemented. While international guidance has been consistent in recommending isolation of residents of nursing homes with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 (1), none of these guidelines directly address the practical challenges faced when trying to isolate people with dementia effectively while maintaining their safety and human dignity.
cord-338686-evzl7v39	2020	title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Adjusted Mortality Risk in Care Homes for Older Adults in Wales, United Kingdom: A retrospective population-based cohort study for mortality in 2016-2020 Aim: To analyse the mortality of older care home residents in Wales during COVID-19 lockdown and compare this across the population of Wales and the previous 4-years. Study Design and Setting: We used anonymised Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and administrative data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank to create a cross-sectional cohort study. In this study, we utilise the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank [14] [16] to investigate mortality in care homes in Wales in the initial phase of the UK lockdown, and compare this with corresponding data from the four most recent years to estimate excess mortality. We used anonymised Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and administrative data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank to create a cross-sectional cohort study.
cord-339300-xherv9wt	2020	The investigated factors included characteristics of the residents (age, gender, comorbidities, and complexity and/or advanced disease), structural features of the nursing home (total number of residents, residents who return home during the pandemic, and capacity for pandemic response, based on an ad hoc score of availability of twelve essential items for implementing preventive measures), and sociodemographic profile of the catchment district (household income, population density, and population incidence of Covid-19). Interpretation Presence of residents with complex/advance disease, low capacity for pandemic response and location in areas with high incidence of Covid-19 are risk factors for Covid-19 mortality in nursing homes and may help policymakers to prioritize preventative interventions for pandemic containment. We used data from nursing homes, including residents'' health characteristics, structural features, and the demographic and epidemiological profile of the district where the nursing home is located, to investigate the association between potential risk factors at the facility level and mortality in the residential setting during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Spain.
cord-344491-93ggxzxu	2020	In the COSMOS trial, a randomized implementation hybrid trial carried out in Norwegian nursing homes during 2014-2015, our group successfully developed, implemented and effect evaluated a multicomponent intervention addressing COmmunication, Systematic assessment and treatment of pain, Medication review, Organization of activities and Safety [22] . In practice in the LIVE@Home.Path: the coordinator will encourage and facilitate that both the PWD and the caregiver participate in local educational programs arranged by the municipality or the specialist health services several times yearly. PWDs are eligible for inclusion if they: are aged ≥ 65 years; are home-dwelling; have a minimum 1 h/week regular face-to-face contact with the caregiver; are diagnosed with dementia according to standardized protocol [60] ; have Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 15-25; have a Functional Assessment Staging Test (FAST) score of 4-7; and provide written informed consent. A randomized controlled trial of a community-based dementia care coordination intervention: effects of MIND at Home on caregiver outcomes
cord-345458-st9fltpy	2020	The pandemic led to large decreases in mobility even in states without legal restrictions on travel, but statewide orders were effective public health policy tools for reducing human movement below the level achieved through voluntary behavior change. In the United States, the first coronavirus-related activity restrictions were issued on March 12, 2020, when a community within New Rochelle, New York, was declared to be a "containment area." A traditional quarantine order would require individuals presumed to be exposed to stay at home. The first statewide order in the United States that restricted mobility to reduce the transmission of coronavirus was issued by California''s governor on March 19, 2020, and it required all residents to remain at home except when engaging in essential activities (Friedson, McNichols, Sabia, & Dave, 2020) . The observed differences in statewide mobility patterns provide evidence that stay-at-home orders are effective in reducing population-level movement below the rate that can be achieved by individuals voluntarily changing their behaviors.
cord-351262-0lyfc564	2020	We investigate mobility data collected, aggregated, and anonymized by SafeGraph Inc. which measures how populations at the census block-group geographic scale stayed at home in California, Georgia, Texas, and Washington since the beginning of the pandemic. Using nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques, we find patterns of mobility behavior that align with stay at-home orders, correlate with socioeconomic factors, cluster geographically, and reveal subpopulations that likely migrated out of urban areas. The SafeGraph stay-at-home data offers insight into the levels and trends of human mobility at the census block group (CBG) geographic scale during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in the United States ( Figure 1 ). Nonlinear dimensionality reduction of the time-series data from Washington state revealed a low-dimensional embedding providing insight into the consistency of mobility behavior across CBGs ( Figure 1D .).
cord-354704-xgytkcs4	2020	title: Understanding COVID-19 testing pathways in English care homes to identify the role of point-of-care testing: an interview-based process mapping study Results Four main steps were identified in testing: infection prevention, preparatory steps, swabbing procedure, and management of residents. However, little is known about the most effective way to implement these tests into existing procedures and COVID-19 management in the care home setting. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.02.20224550 doi: medRxiv preprint Fig. 1 Overall swabbing and management process of resident in care homes Table 1 Summary of relevant stakeholders, guidance, resources, gaps in the pathway, needs and opportunities for POCT These findings illustrate the complexity of the processes in testing care home residents for COVID-19. Also, consideration needs to be given to how to help care homes staff interpret and respond to POCT results without introducing unacceptable variation in practice and what the role of clinicians in this process would be.
cord-355256-7ksbvisv	2020	title: Cruise Ships, Nursing Homes and Prisons as COVID-19 Epicenters: A ''Wicked Problem" with Breakthrough Solutions? Each has health care regulations that, while extensive, could not possibly have fully prepared them for COVID-19; instead, in the face of an impending outbreak, rapid, nimble responses were needed, and these have proven hard to initiate and coordinate in all three settings. Nursing homes have been known for years to be an especially hazardous component of the health care system, with high rates of multidrug resistance and multiple problems around infectious disease prevention. 32 The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed a wicked problem for the cruise ship industry, the prison system, and the nursing home industry. However, by virtue of having worked in post-acute and long-term care for over 40 years, I feel prepared to highlight a few issues that need priority attention: physical plant limitations, chronic staffing problems, poor infection control, and limited health care capacity.
cord-356156-jjdkwalk	2020	The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the impact of home working on perceived job productivity and satisfaction, work-related stress, and musculoskeletal (MSK) issues. Depending on our data, the home environment seems to be not adequate in the mobile worker population, with an increased risk for mental health and MSK problems, particularly affecting the spine. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of home working on job satisfaction, occupational stress, perceived productivity, and MSK issues. We characterized a population of mobile workers in terms of work-related outcomes, such as perceived productivity and job satisfaction, and onset or changes of previous MSK disorders, particularly LBP and neck pain. Concerning physical health issues related to remote working, increased sedentariness and poor posture due to the use of non-ergonomic equipment in our population seemed to promote the onset of MSK disorders, particularly LBP and neck pain.
cord-356223-8qn164k5	2020	title: Home Monitoring of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Real-World Utility of the ForeseeHome Device for Detection of Neovascularization PURPOSE: To evaluate real-world utility of the ForeseeHome monitoring device for the detection of conversion from intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) to neovascular AMD (nAMD) and compare with results published by the HOME study. In 2014, the HOME study reported beneficial results from a randomized trial using the 122 ForeseeHome device (Notal Vision Ltd, Tel Aviv, Israel) for early detection of 123 conversion to nAMD. 34 The purpose of the current analysis was to determine the compliance of patients For each patient, the eye prescribed, age at first use, length of use, days since last 159 exam, total number of tests, ability to establish baseline, alert number and alert types 160 were collected from the ForeseeHome portal (www.foreseehomeonline.com). Randomized trial of the ForeseeHome 553 monitoring device for early detection of neovascular age-related macular degeneration