id sid tid token lemma pos cord-302082-aaokc182 1 1 key key NN cord-302082-aaokc182 1 2 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 1 3 cord-302082-aaokc182 cord-302082-aaokc182 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 1 4 authors author NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 1 5 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 1 6 Stanberry Stanberry NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 1 7 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 1 8 Lawrence Lawrence NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 1 9 R. R. NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 1 10 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 1 11 Strugnell Strugnell NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 1 12 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 1 13 Richard Richard NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 1 14 title title NN cord-302082-aaokc182 1 15 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 1 16 Vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 1 17 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 1 18 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 1 19 future future JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 1 20 date date NN cord-302082-aaokc182 1 21 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 1 22 2011 2011 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 1 23 - - SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 1 24 08 08 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 1 25 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 1 26 31 31 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 1 27 journal journal NN cord-302082-aaokc182 1 28 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 1 29 Perspectives perspective NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 1 30 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 1 31 Vaccinology Vaccinology NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 1 32 DOI DOI NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 1 33 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 1 34 10.1016/ 10.1016/ CD cord-302082-aaokc182 2 1 j.pervac.2011.05.006 j.pervac.2011.05.006 NFP cord-302082-aaokc182 2 2 sha sha NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 2 3 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 2 4 e60b4fcf80aaad1476cae520377853544ce74a0f e60b4fcf80aaad1476cae520377853544ce74a0f NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 2 5 doc_id doc_id NNPS cord-302082-aaokc182 2 6 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 2 7 302082 302082 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 2 8 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 2 9 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 3 1 aaokc182 aaokc182 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 3 2 nan nan NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 4 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 4 2 advances advance NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 4 3 made make VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 4 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 6 technology technology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 7 since since IN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 8 Edward Edward NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 4 9 Jenner Jenner NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 4 10 vaccinated vaccinate VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 4 11 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 4 12 young young JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 4 13 James James NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 4 14 Phipps Phipps NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 4 15 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 16 smallpox smallpox NN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 17 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 4 18 had have VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 19 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 4 20 spectacular spectacular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 4 21 impact impact NN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 22 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 23 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 4 24 health health NN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 25 over over IN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 26 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 4 27 last last JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 4 28 two two CD cord-302082-aaokc182 4 29 centuries century NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 4 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 4 31 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 4 32 Chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 33 1 1 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 4 34 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 35 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 36 evolution evolution NN cord-302082-aaokc182 4 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 4 38 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 5 1 Vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 5 2 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 5 3 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 5 4 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 5 5 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 5 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 5 7 control control NN cord-302082-aaokc182 5 8 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 5 9 elimination elimination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 5 10 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 5 11 many many JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 5 12 debilitating debilitating JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 5 13 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 5 14 lethal lethal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 5 15 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 5 16 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 5 17 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 5 18 more more JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 5 19 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 5 20 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 5 21 currently currently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 5 22 targeted target VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 5 23 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 5 24 eradication eradication NN cord-302082-aaokc182 5 25 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 5 26 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 5 27 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 6 1 Recent recent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 6 2 major major JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 6 3 breakthroughs breakthrough NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 6 4 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 6 5 immunology immunology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 6 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 6 7 molecular molecular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 6 8 biology biology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 6 9 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 6 10 genomics genomic NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 6 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 6 12 proteomics proteomic NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 6 13 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 6 14 biochemistry biochemistry NN cord-302082-aaokc182 6 15 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 6 16 computing computing NN cord-302082-aaokc182 6 17 sciences science NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 6 18 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 6 19 driven drive VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 6 20 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 6 21 technology technology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 6 22 forward forward RB cord-302082-aaokc182 6 23 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 6 24 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 6 25 will will MD cord-302082-aaokc182 6 26 continue continue VB cord-302082-aaokc182 6 27 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 6 28 do do VB cord-302082-aaokc182 6 29 so so RB cord-302082-aaokc182 6 30 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 7 1 Many many JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 7 2 challenges challenge NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 7 3 remain remain VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 7 4 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 7 5 however however RB cord-302082-aaokc182 7 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 7 7 including include VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 7 8 persistent persistent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 7 9 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 7 10 latent latent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 7 11 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 7 12 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 7 13 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 7 14 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 7 15 complex complex JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 7 16 life life NN cord-302082-aaokc182 7 17 cycles cycle NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 7 18 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 7 19 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 7 20 drift drift NN cord-302082-aaokc182 7 21 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 7 22 shift shift VB cord-302082-aaokc182 7 23 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 7 24 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 7 25 subject subject JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 7 26 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 7 27 selective selective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 7 28 pressures pressure NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 7 29 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 7 30 challenging challenge VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 7 31 populations population NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 7 32 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 7 33 emerging emerge VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 7 34 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 7 35 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 8 1 To to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 8 2 address address VB cord-302082-aaokc182 8 3 these these DT cord-302082-aaokc182 8 4 challenges challenge NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 8 5 researchers researcher NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 8 6 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 8 7 exploring explore VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 8 8 many many JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 8 9 avenues avenue NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 8 10 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 8 11 novel novel NN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 12 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 8 13 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 8 14 being be VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 8 15 developed develop VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 16 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 8 17 enhance enhance VB cord-302082-aaokc182 8 18 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 8 19 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 8 20 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 21 elicited elicit VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 22 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 23 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 8 24 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 25 while while IN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 26 maintaining maintain VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 8 27 high high JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 8 28 levels level NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 8 29 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 30 tolerability tolerability NN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 31 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 8 32 methods method NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 8 33 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 34 protective protective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 8 35 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 36 identification identification NN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 37 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 8 38 iterated iterate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 39 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 40 every every DT cord-302082-aaokc182 8 41 success success NN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 42 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 8 43 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 44 storage storage NN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 45 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 8 46 transport transport NN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 47 systems system NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 8 48 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 8 49 improving improve VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 8 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 8 51 including include VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 8 52 optimising optimise VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 8 53 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 8 54 cold cold JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 8 55 chain chain NN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 56 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 8 57 developing develop VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 8 58 temperature temperature NN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 59 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 8 60 stable stable JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 8 61 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 8 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 8 63 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 8 64 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 8 65 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 8 66 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 8 67 potentially potentially RB cord-302082-aaokc182 8 68 more more RBR cord-302082-aaokc182 8 69 convenient convenient JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 8 70 methods method NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 8 71 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 72 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 73 administration administration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 74 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 8 75 being be VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 8 76 pursued pursue VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 8 77 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 9 1 High high JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 9 2 priority priority NN cord-302082-aaokc182 9 3 targets target NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 9 4 include include VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 9 5 life life NN cord-302082-aaokc182 9 6 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 9 7 threatening threaten VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 9 8 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 9 9 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 9 10 such such JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 9 11 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 9 12 malaria malaria NN cord-302082-aaokc182 9 13 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 9 14 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 9 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 9 16 TB TB NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 9 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 9 18 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 9 19 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 9 20 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-302082-aaokc182 9 21 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 9 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 9 23 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 9 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 9 25 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 9 26 as as RB cord-302082-aaokc182 9 27 well well RB cord-302082-aaokc182 9 28 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 9 29 problematic problematic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 9 30 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 9 31 caused cause VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 9 32 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 9 33 ubiquitous ubiquitous JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 9 34 agents agent NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 9 35 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 9 36 such such JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 9 37 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 9 38 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 9 39 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 9 40 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 9 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 9 42 RSV RSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 9 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 9 44 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 9 45 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 9 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 9 47 CMV CMV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 9 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 9 49 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 9 50 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 9 51 aureus aureus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 9 52 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 10 1 Non non JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 10 2 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 10 3 traditional traditional JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 10 4 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 10 5 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 10 6 also also RB cord-302082-aaokc182 10 7 likely likely JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 10 8 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 10 9 become become VB cord-302082-aaokc182 10 10 available available JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 10 11 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 10 12 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 10 13 management management NN cord-302082-aaokc182 10 14 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 10 15 addiction addiction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 10 16 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 10 17 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 10 18 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 10 19 prevention prevention NN cord-302082-aaokc182 10 20 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 10 21 treatment treatment NN cord-302082-aaokc182 10 22 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 10 23 cure cure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 10 24 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 10 25 malignancies malignancy NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 10 26 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 11 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 11 2 chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 11 3 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 11 4 not not RB cord-302082-aaokc182 11 5 meant mean VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 11 6 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 11 7 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 11 8 compendium compendium NN cord-302082-aaokc182 11 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 11 10 all all DT cord-302082-aaokc182 11 11 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 11 12 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 11 13 generation generation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 11 14 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 11 15 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 11 16 but but CC cord-302082-aaokc182 11 17 rather rather RB cord-302082-aaokc182 11 18 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 11 19 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 11 20 outline outline NN cord-302082-aaokc182 11 21 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 11 22 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 11 23 modern modern JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 11 24 principles principle NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 11 25 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 11 26 will will MD cord-302082-aaokc182 11 27 likely likely RB cord-302082-aaokc182 11 28 facilitate facilitate VB cord-302082-aaokc182 11 29 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 11 30 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 11 31 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 11 32 future future JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 11 33 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 11 34 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 12 1 As as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 12 2 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 12 3 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 12 4 Figure Figure NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 12 5 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 12 6 .1 .1 NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 12 7 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 12 8 there there EX cord-302082-aaokc182 12 9 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 12 10 several several JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 12 11 key key JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 12 12 elements element NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 12 13 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 12 14 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 12 15 likely likely JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 12 16 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 12 17 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 12 18 152 152 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 12 19 UNDERSTANDING understanding NN cord-302082-aaokc182 13 1 MODERN modern JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 13 2 VACCINES vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 14 1 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 14 2 foundation foundation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 14 3 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 14 4 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 14 5 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 14 6 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 14 7 future future JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 14 8 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 14 9 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 15 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 15 2 chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 15 3 will will MD cord-302082-aaokc182 15 4 illustrate illustrate VB cord-302082-aaokc182 15 5 these these DT cord-302082-aaokc182 15 6 elements element NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 15 7 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 15 8 provide provide VB cord-302082-aaokc182 15 9 examples example NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 15 10 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 15 11 show show VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 15 12 promise promise NN cord-302082-aaokc182 15 13 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 16 1 Since since IN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 2 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 16 3 first first JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 16 4 use use NN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 5 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 6 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 16 7 adjuvant adjuvant NN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 8 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 9 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 16 10 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 16 11 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 12 over over IN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 13 80 80 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 16 14 years year NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 16 15 ago ago RB cord-302082-aaokc182 16 16 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 16 17 adjuvant adjuvant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 16 18 technology technology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 19 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 16 20 improved improve VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 21 significantly significantly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 16 22 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 23 respect respect NN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 24 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 25 improving improve VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 16 26 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 27 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 28 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 16 29 efficacy efficacy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 16 30 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 17 1 Over over IN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 2 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 17 3 advances advance NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 17 4 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 5 adjuvant adjuvant NN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 6 design design NN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 7 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 17 8 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 9 driven drive VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 10 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 11 parallel parallel JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 17 12 advances advance NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 17 13 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 14 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 15 technology technology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 16 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 17 many many JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 17 18 modern modern JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 17 19 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 17 20 consist consist VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 17 21 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 22 highly highly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 17 23 purified purify VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 24 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 17 25 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 26 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 27 low low JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 17 28 non non JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 17 29 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 17 30 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 17 31 reactogenicity reactogenicity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 32 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 17 33 require require VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 17 34 combination combination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 35 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 36 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 17 37 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 17 38 enhance enhance VB cord-302082-aaokc182 17 39 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 17 40 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 17 41 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 17 42 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 18 1 Future future JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 18 2 developments development NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 18 3 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 18 4 adjuvant adjuvant NN cord-302082-aaokc182 18 5 technology technology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 18 6 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 18 7 expected expect VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 18 8 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 18 9 provide provide VB cord-302082-aaokc182 18 10 stronger strong JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 18 11 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 18 12 priming priming NN cord-302082-aaokc182 18 13 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 18 14 enhance enhance VB cord-302082-aaokc182 18 15 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 18 16 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 18 17 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 18 18 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 18 19 populations population NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 18 20 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 18 21 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 18 22 lead lead VB cord-302082-aaokc182 18 23 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 18 24 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 18 25 sparing sparing NN cord-302082-aaokc182 18 26 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 19 1 Adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 19 2 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 19 3 date date NN cord-302082-aaokc182 19 4 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 19 5 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 19 6 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 19 7 ability ability NN cord-302082-aaokc182 19 8 _SP cord-302082-aaokc182 19 9 New new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 19 10 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 19 11 must must MD cord-302082-aaokc182 19 12 aim aim VB cord-302082-aaokc182 19 13 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 19 14 drive drive VB cord-302082-aaokc182 19 15 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 19 16 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 19 17 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 19 18 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 19 19 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 19 20 associated associate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 19 21 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 19 22 lifelong lifelong JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 19 23 protection protection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 19 24 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 20 1 New new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 20 2 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 20 3 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 20 4 adjuvant adjuvant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 20 5 combinations combination NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 20 6 will will MD cord-302082-aaokc182 20 7 play play VB cord-302082-aaokc182 20 8 many many JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 20 9 roles role NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 20 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 20 11 future future JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 20 12 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 20 13 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 20 14 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 20 15 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 20 16 Figure Figure NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 20 17 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 20 18 .2 .2 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 20 19 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 21 1 Adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 21 2 will will MD cord-302082-aaokc182 21 3 need need VB cord-302082-aaokc182 21 4 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 21 5 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 21 6 individually individually RB cord-302082-aaokc182 21 7 selected select VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 21 8 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 21 9 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 21 10 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 21 11 targets target NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 21 12 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 21 13 order order NN cord-302082-aaokc182 21 14 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 21 15 achieve achieve VB cord-302082-aaokc182 21 16 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 21 17 desired desire VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 21 18 goal goal NN cord-302082-aaokc182 21 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 21 20 ie ie RB cord-302082-aaokc182 21 21 enhanced enhance VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 21 22 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 21 23 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 21 24 induction induction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 21 25 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 21 26 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 21 27 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 21 28 profile profile NN cord-302082-aaokc182 21 29 etc etc FW cord-302082-aaokc182 21 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 21 31 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 22 1 To to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 22 2 deliver deliver VB cord-302082-aaokc182 22 3 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 22 4 aim aim NN cord-302082-aaokc182 22 5 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 22 6 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 22 7 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 22 8 will will MD cord-302082-aaokc182 22 9 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 22 10 mixed mix VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 22 11 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 22 12 free free JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 22 13 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 22 14 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 22 15 while while IN cord-302082-aaokc182 22 16 others other NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 22 17 will will MD cord-302082-aaokc182 22 18 need need VB cord-302082-aaokc182 22 19 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 22 20 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 22 21 covalently covalently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 22 22 linked link VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 22 23 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 22 24 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 22 25 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 22 26 moiety moiety NN cord-302082-aaokc182 22 27 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 22 28 part part NN cord-302082-aaokc182 22 29 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 22 30 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 22 31 complex complex JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 22 32 molecule molecule NN cord-302082-aaokc182 22 33 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 23 1 Some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 23 2 examples example NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 23 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 23 4 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 23 5 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 23 6 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 23 7 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 23 8 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 23 9 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 23 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 23 11 humans human NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 23 12 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 23 13 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 23 14 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 23 15 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 23 16 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 23 17 trials trial NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 23 18 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 23 19 listed list VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 23 20 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 23 21 Table Table NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 23 22 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 23 23 .1 .1 . cord-302082-aaokc182 23 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 23 25 also also RB cord-302082-aaokc182 23 26 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 23 27 Chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 23 28 4 4 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 23 29 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 23 30 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 23 31 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 23 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 23 33 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 24 1 Modern modern JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 24 2 approaches approach NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 24 3 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 4 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 5 design design NN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 6 tend tend VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 24 7 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 24 8 eschew eschew VB cord-302082-aaokc182 24 9 classical classical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 24 10 trial trial NN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 11 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 24 12 error error NN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 13 techniques technique NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 24 14 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 15 favour favour NN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 16 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 17 identifying identify VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 24 18 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 24 19 type type NN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 20 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 21 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 24 22 structures structure NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 24 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 24 24 ie ie NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 24 25 antigens antigens NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 24 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 24 27 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 24 28 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 24 29 most most RBS cord-302082-aaokc182 24 30 likely likely JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 24 31 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 24 32 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 24 33 important important JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 24 34 immunogens immunogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 24 35 based base VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 36 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 37 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 24 38 structural structural JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 24 39 signature signature NN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 40 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 24 41 physical physical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 24 42 location location NN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 43 within within IN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 44 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 24 45 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 24 47 Table table NN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 48 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 24 49 .2 .2 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 24 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 24 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 24 52 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 24 53 Chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 54 3 3 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 24 55 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 56 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 24 57 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 24 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 24 59 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 25 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 25 2 T t NN cord-302082-aaokc182 25 3 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 25 4 B b NN cord-302082-aaokc182 25 5 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 25 6 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 25 7 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 25 8 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 25 9 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 25 10 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 25 11 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 25 12 targeted target VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 25 13 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 25 14 precise precise JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 25 15 regions region NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 25 16 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 25 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 25 18 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 25 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 25 20 ie ie FW cord-302082-aaokc182 25 21 epitopes epitopes NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 25 22 e e NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 26 1 either either CC cord-302082-aaokc182 26 2 linear linear JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 26 3 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 26 4 three three CD cord-302082-aaokc182 26 5 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 26 6 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 26 7 conformational conformational JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 26 8 structures structure NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 26 9 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 26 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 26 11 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 26 12 case case NN cord-302082-aaokc182 26 13 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 26 14 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 26 15 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 26 16 these these DT cord-302082-aaokc182 26 17 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 26 18 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 26 19 peptide peptide JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 26 20 epitopes epitope NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 26 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 26 22 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 27 1 Historically historically RB cord-302082-aaokc182 27 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 27 3 simple simple JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 27 4 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 27 5 linear linear JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 27 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 27 7 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 27 8 peptide peptide NN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 9 epitope epitope NN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 10 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 27 11 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 27 12 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 13 poorly poorly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 27 14 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 27 15 because because IN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 27 17 lack lack VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 27 18 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 27 19 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 27 20 conformation conformation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 21 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 27 22 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 27 23 easily easily RB cord-302082-aaokc182 27 24 degraded degrade VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 25 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 26 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 27 27 variety variety NN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 28 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 29 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 27 30 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 27 31 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 32 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 27 33 surface surface NN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 34 proteases protease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 27 35 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 27 36 serve serve VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 27 37 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 27 38 limit limit VB cord-302082-aaokc182 27 39 epitope epitope NN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 40 presentation presentation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 41 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 42 T t NN cord-302082-aaokc182 27 43 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 28 1 and/or and/or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 28 2 result result VB cord-302082-aaokc182 28 3 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 28 4 destruction destruction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 28 5 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 28 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 28 7 B b NN cord-302082-aaokc182 28 8 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 28 9 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 28 10 epitope epitope NN cord-302082-aaokc182 28 11 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 29 1 Peptide peptide NN cord-302082-aaokc182 29 2 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 29 3 need need VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 29 4 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 29 5 Union Union NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 29 6 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 30 1 Every every DT cord-302082-aaokc182 30 2 effort effort NN cord-302082-aaokc182 30 3 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 30 4 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 30 5 made make VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 30 6 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 30 7 verify verify VB cord-302082-aaokc182 30 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 30 9 information information NN cord-302082-aaokc182 30 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 30 11 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 30 12 above above JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 30 13 table table NN cord-302082-aaokc182 30 14 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 31 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 31 2 information information NN cord-302082-aaokc182 31 3 included include VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 31 4 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 31 5 not not RB cord-302082-aaokc182 31 6 meant mean VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 31 7 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 31 8 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 31 9 exhaustive exhaustive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 31 10 but but CC cord-302082-aaokc182 31 11 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 31 12 intended intend VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 31 13 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 31 14 provide provide VB cord-302082-aaokc182 31 15 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 31 16 overview overview NN cord-302082-aaokc182 31 17 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 31 18 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 31 19 subject subject JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 31 20 matter matter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 31 21 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 32 1 Subunit subunit NN cord-302082-aaokc182 32 2 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 32 3 individual individual JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 32 4 epitope epitope NN cord-302082-aaokc182 32 5 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 32 6 need need VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 32 7 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 32 8 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 32 9 optimised optimise VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 32 10 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 32 11 ensure ensure VB cord-302082-aaokc182 32 12 adequate adequate JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 32 13 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 32 14 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 33 1 Novel novel JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 33 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 33 3 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 33 4 being be VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 33 5 developed develop VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 33 6 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 33 7 exploited exploit VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 33 8 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 33 9 order order NN cord-302082-aaokc182 33 10 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 33 11 identify identify VB cord-302082-aaokc182 33 12 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 33 13 recognised recognise VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 33 14 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 33 15 T T NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 33 16 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 33 17 B b NN cord-302082-aaokc182 33 18 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 33 19 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 33 20 thus thus RB cord-302082-aaokc182 33 21 facilitating facilitate VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 33 22 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 33 23 more more JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 33 24 knowledge knowledge NN cord-302082-aaokc182 33 25 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 33 26 based base VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 33 27 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 33 28 design design NN cord-302082-aaokc182 33 29 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 34 1 One one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 34 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 34 3 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 34 4 most most RBS cord-302082-aaokc182 34 5 common common JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 34 6 ways way NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 34 7 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 34 8 identify identify VB cord-302082-aaokc182 34 9 these these DT cord-302082-aaokc182 34 10 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 34 11 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 34 12 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 34 13 measure measure VB cord-302082-aaokc182 34 14 cellular cellular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 34 15 proliferation proliferation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 34 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 34 17 T t NN cord-302082-aaokc182 34 18 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 34 19 B b NN cord-302082-aaokc182 34 20 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 34 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 34 22 upon upon IN cord-302082-aaokc182 34 23 in in FW cord-302082-aaokc182 34 24 vitro vitro FW cord-302082-aaokc182 34 25 stimulation stimulation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 34 26 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 34 27 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 34 28 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 35 1 High high JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 35 2 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 35 3 throughput throughput NN cord-302082-aaokc182 35 4 screening screening NN cord-302082-aaokc182 35 5 assays assay NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 35 6 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 35 7 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 35 8 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 35 9 peptides peptide NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 35 10 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 35 11 drive drive VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 35 12 cellular cellular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 35 13 proliferation proliferation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 35 14 help help NN cord-302082-aaokc182 35 15 speed speed VB cord-302082-aaokc182 35 16 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 35 17 rate rate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 35 18 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 35 19 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 35 20 discovery discovery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 35 21 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 36 1 Reverse reverse JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 36 2 vaccinology vaccinology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 3 combines combine VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 36 4 knowledge knowledge NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 5 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 36 7 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 8 's 's POS cord-302082-aaokc182 36 9 genome genome NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 10 sequence sequence NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 11 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 12 known know VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 13 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 14 sequences sequence NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 36 15 via via IN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 16 computer computer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 17 analysis analysis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 18 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 36 19 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 36 20 predict predict VB cord-302082-aaokc182 36 21 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 22 expression expression NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 23 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 36 24 post post JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 36 25 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 36 26 translational translational JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 36 27 modifications modification NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 36 28 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 36 29 identify identify VB cord-302082-aaokc182 36 30 likely likely JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 36 31 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 32 candidates candidate NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 36 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 36 34 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 36 35 Chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 36 3 3 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 36 37 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 38 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 39 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 36 40 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 36 41 Figure figure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 36 42 3 3 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 36 43 .5 .5 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 36 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 36 45 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 37 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 37 2 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 37 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 37 4 epitope epitope NN cord-302082-aaokc182 37 5 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 37 6 based base VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 37 7 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 37 8 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 37 9 one one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 37 10 example example NN cord-302082-aaokc182 37 11 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 37 12 reverse reverse JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 37 13 vaccinology vaccinology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 37 14 where where WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 37 15 computer computer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 37 16 software software NN cord-302082-aaokc182 37 17 combines combine VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 37 18 prediction prediction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 37 19 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 37 20 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 37 21 suggest suggest VB cord-302082-aaokc182 37 22 sequences sequence NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 37 23 similar similar JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 37 24 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 37 25 those those DT cord-302082-aaokc182 37 26 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 37 27 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 37 28 components component NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 37 29 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 38 1 Epitope epitope NN cord-302082-aaokc182 38 2 mapping mapping NN cord-302082-aaokc182 38 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 38 4 combined combine VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 38 5 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 38 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 38 7 creation creation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 38 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 38 9 more more RBR cord-302082-aaokc182 38 10 stable stable JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 38 11 poly poly JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 38 12 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 38 13 epitope epitope JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 38 14 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 38 15 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 38 16 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 38 17 lead lead VB cord-302082-aaokc182 38 18 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 38 19 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 38 20 successful successful JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 38 21 translation translation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 38 22 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 38 23 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 38 24 technology technology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 38 25 into into IN cord-302082-aaokc182 38 26 products product NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 38 27 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 39 1 MHC MHC NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 39 2 molecules molecule NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 39 3 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 39 4 widely widely RB cord-302082-aaokc182 39 5 varying vary VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 39 6 binding bind VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 39 7 specificities specificity NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 39 8 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 39 9 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 39 10 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 39 11 expressing express VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 39 12 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 39 13 single single JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 39 14 peptide peptide NN cord-302082-aaokc182 39 15 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 39 16 would would MD cord-302082-aaokc182 39 17 therefore therefore RB cord-302082-aaokc182 39 18 only only RB cord-302082-aaokc182 39 19 target target VB cord-302082-aaokc182 39 20 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 39 21 few few JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 39 22 MHC MHC NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 39 23 molecules molecule NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 39 24 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 39 25 thus thus RB cord-302082-aaokc182 39 26 only only RB cord-302082-aaokc182 39 27 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 39 28 recognised recognise VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 39 29 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 39 30 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 39 31 T T NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 39 32 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 39 33 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 39 34 individuals individual NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 39 35 carrying carry VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 39 36 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 39 37 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 39 38 MHC MHC NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 39 39 phenotype phenotype NN cord-302082-aaokc182 39 40 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 40 1 Poly poly NN cord-302082-aaokc182 40 2 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 40 3 epitope epitope NN cord-302082-aaokc182 40 4 technology technology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 40 5 could could MD cord-302082-aaokc182 40 6 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 40 7 used use VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 40 8 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 40 9 generate generate VB cord-302082-aaokc182 40 10 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 40 11 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 40 12 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 40 13 carrying carry VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 40 14 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 40 15 epitopes epitope NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 40 16 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 40 17 multiple multiple JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 40 18 strains strain NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 40 19 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 40 20 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 40 21 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 41 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 41 2 would would MD cord-302082-aaokc182 41 3 overcome overcome VB cord-302082-aaokc182 41 4 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 41 5 MHC MHC NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 41 6 restriction restriction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 41 7 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 41 8 afford afford VB cord-302082-aaokc182 41 9 protection protection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 41 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 41 11 individuals individual NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 41 12 carrying carry VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 41 13 different different JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 41 14 MHC MHC NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 41 15 types type NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 41 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 42 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 42 2 screening screening NN cord-302082-aaokc182 42 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 42 4 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 42 5 peptide peptide NN cord-302082-aaokc182 42 6 libraries library NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 42 7 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 42 8 another another DT cord-302082-aaokc182 42 9 example example NN cord-302082-aaokc182 42 10 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 42 11 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 42 12 approaches approach NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 42 13 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 42 14 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 42 15 discovery discovery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 42 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 43 1 Screening screening NN cord-302082-aaokc182 43 2 methods method NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 43 3 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 43 4 used use VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 43 5 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 43 6 identify identify VB cord-302082-aaokc182 43 7 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 43 8 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 43 9 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 43 10 stimulate stimulate VB cord-302082-aaokc182 43 11 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 43 12 þ þ NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 43 13 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 43 14 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 43 15 þ þ NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 43 16 T T NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 43 17 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 43 18 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 43 19 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 43 20 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 43 21 bind bind VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 43 22 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 43 23 antibodies antibody NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 43 24 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 43 25 humans human NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 43 26 known know VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 43 27 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 43 28 have have VB cord-302082-aaokc182 43 29 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 43 30 infected infect VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 43 31 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 43 32 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 43 33 relevant relevant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 43 34 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 43 35 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 44 1 Where where WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 44 2 peptide peptide NN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 3 screening screening NN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 4 uses use VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 44 5 antibodies antibody NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 44 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 44 7 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 44 8 additional additional JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 44 9 consideration consideration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 10 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 44 11 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 44 12 synthesis synthesis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 13 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 14 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 44 15 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 44 16 contain contain VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 44 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 44 18 tertiary tertiary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 44 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 44 20 folding fold VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 44 21 / / SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 44 22 three three CD cord-302082-aaokc182 44 23 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 44 24 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 44 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 44 26 structure structure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 27 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 28 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 44 29 native native JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 44 30 immunogen immunogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 31 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 44 32 since since IN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 33 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 34 efficacy efficacy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 35 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 44 36 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 44 37 impacted impact VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 38 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 39 infidelities infidelity NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 44 40 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 41 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 44 42 structure structure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 43 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 44 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 44 45 final final JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 44 46 product product NN cord-302082-aaokc182 44 47 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 45 1 Incorrect incorrect JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 45 2 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 45 3 folding folding NN cord-302082-aaokc182 45 4 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 45 5 result result VB cord-302082-aaokc182 45 6 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 45 7 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 45 8 less less RBR cord-302082-aaokc182 45 9 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 45 10 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 45 11 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 45 12 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 45 13 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 45 14 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 45 15 induces induce VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 45 16 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 45 17 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 45 18 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 45 19 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 45 20 differs differ VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 45 21 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 45 22 that that DT cord-302082-aaokc182 45 23 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 45 24 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 45 25 native native JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 45 26 immunogen immunogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 45 27 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 46 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 46 2 mimicking mimicking NN cord-302082-aaokc182 46 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 46 4 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 46 5 three three CD cord-302082-aaokc182 46 6 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 46 7 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 46 8 structure structure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 46 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 46 10 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 46 11 native native JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 46 12 immunogen immunogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 46 13 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 46 14 important important JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 46 15 during during IN cord-302082-aaokc182 46 16 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 46 17 synthesis synthesis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 46 18 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 46 19 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 46 20 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 46 21 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 46 22 being be VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 46 23 used use VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 46 24 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 46 25 target target VB cord-302082-aaokc182 46 26 B b NN cord-302082-aaokc182 46 27 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 46 28 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 46 29 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 46 30 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 47 1 Conversely conversely RB cord-302082-aaokc182 47 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 47 3 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 47 4 requirement requirement NN cord-302082-aaokc182 47 5 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 47 6 folding folding NN cord-302082-aaokc182 47 7 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 47 8 reduced reduce VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 47 9 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 47 10 T t NN cord-302082-aaokc182 47 11 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 47 12 since since IN cord-302082-aaokc182 47 13 T T NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 47 14 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 47 15 bind bind VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 47 16 only only RB cord-302082-aaokc182 47 17 processed process VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 47 18 peptides peptide NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 47 19 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 47 20 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 47 21 degraded degraded JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 47 22 proteins protein NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 47 23 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 48 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-302082-aaokc182 48 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 48 3 DNA dna NN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 4 expression expression NN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 5 libraries library NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 48 6 using use VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 48 7 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 48 8 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 9 genomic genomic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 48 10 DNA dna NN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 11 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 48 12 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 13 screened screen VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 14 using use VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 48 15 animal animal NN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 16 model model NN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 17 systems system NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 48 18 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 48 19 identify identify VB cord-302082-aaokc182 48 20 genes gene NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 48 21 encoding encode VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 48 22 proteins protein NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 48 23 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 48 24 afford afford VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 48 25 protection protection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 26 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 27 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 28 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 48 29 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 30 caused cause VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 31 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 32 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 48 33 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 48 34 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 49 1 One one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 49 2 example example NN cord-302082-aaokc182 49 3 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 49 4 Genocea Genocea NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 49 5 's 's POS cord-302082-aaokc182 49 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 49 7 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 49 8 programmes programme NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 49 9 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 49 10 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 49 11 built build VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 49 12 around around IN cord-302082-aaokc182 49 13 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 49 14 broad broad JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 49 15 platform platform NN cord-302082-aaokc182 49 16 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 49 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 49 18 rapid rapid JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 49 19 discovery discovery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 49 20 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 49 21 T t NN cord-302082-aaokc182 49 22 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 49 23 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 49 24 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 49 25 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 50 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 50 2 process process NN cord-302082-aaokc182 50 3 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 50 4 explained explain VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 50 5 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 50 6 Figure Figure NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 50 7 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 50 8 .3 .3 NFP cord-302082-aaokc182 50 9 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 51 1 T t NN cord-302082-aaokc182 51 2 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 51 3 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 51 4 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 51 5 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 51 6 specifically specifically RB cord-302082-aaokc182 51 7 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 51 8 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 51 9 stimulate stimulate VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 51 10 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 51 11 þ þ NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 51 12 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 51 13 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 51 14 þ þ NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 51 15 T T NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 51 16 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 51 17 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 51 18 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 51 19 critical critical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 51 20 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 51 21 generating generate VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 51 22 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 51 23 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 51 24 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 51 25 cellular cellular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 51 26 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 51 27 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 51 28 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 51 29 long long JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 51 30 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 51 31 term term NN cord-302082-aaokc182 51 32 T t NN cord-302082-aaokc182 51 33 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 51 34 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 51 35 memory memory NN cord-302082-aaokc182 51 36 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 52 1 Stability stability NN cord-302082-aaokc182 52 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 52 3 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 52 4 final final JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 52 5 product product NN cord-302082-aaokc182 52 6 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 52 7 another another DT cord-302082-aaokc182 52 8 important important JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 52 9 consideration consideration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 52 10 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 53 1 Adverse adverse JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 53 2 environmental environmental JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 53 3 conditions condition NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 53 4 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 53 5 result result VB cord-302082-aaokc182 53 6 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 53 7 degradation degradation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 53 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 53 9 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 53 10 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 53 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 53 12 rendering render VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 53 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 53 14 non non JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 53 15 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 53 16 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 53 17 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 54 1 In in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 54 2 order order NN cord-302082-aaokc182 54 3 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 54 4 maintain maintain VB cord-302082-aaokc182 54 5 product product NN cord-302082-aaokc182 54 6 integrity integrity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 54 7 many many JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 54 8 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 54 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 54 10 particularly particularly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 54 11 live live JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 54 12 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 54 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 54 14 must must MD cord-302082-aaokc182 54 15 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 54 16 stored store VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 54 17 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 54 18 cold cold JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 54 19 temperatures temperature NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 54 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 54 21 4 4 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 54 22 C C NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 54 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 54 24 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 55 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 55 2 maintenance maintenance NN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 4 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 55 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 6 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 7 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 55 8 temperature temperature NN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 9 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 10 production production NN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 11 site site NN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 12 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 13 distribution distribution NN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 14 site site NN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 15 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 55 16 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 55 17 medical medical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 55 18 office office NN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 19 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 55 20 clinic clinic NN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 21 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 55 22 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 55 23 referred refer VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 24 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 25 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 26 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 55 27 ' ' `` cord-302082-aaokc182 55 28 cold cold JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 55 29 chain chain NN cord-302082-aaokc182 55 30 ' ' '' cord-302082-aaokc182 55 31 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 56 1 Maintaining maintain VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 56 2 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 56 3 cold cold JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 56 4 chain chain NN cord-302082-aaokc182 56 5 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 56 6 much much RB cord-302082-aaokc182 56 7 less less JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 56 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 56 9 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 56 10 challenge challenge NN cord-302082-aaokc182 56 11 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 56 12 resource resource NN cord-302082-aaokc182 56 13 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 56 14 rich rich JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 56 15 countries country NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 56 16 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 56 17 but but CC cord-302082-aaokc182 56 18 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 56 19 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 56 20 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 56 21 major major JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 56 22 barrier barrier NN cord-302082-aaokc182 56 23 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 56 24 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 56 25 implementation implementation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 56 26 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 56 27 resource resource NN cord-302082-aaokc182 56 28 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 56 29 limited limit VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 56 30 areas area NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 56 31 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 57 1 Ongoing ongoing JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 57 2 research research NN cord-302082-aaokc182 57 3 designed design VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 57 4 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 57 5 increase increase VB cord-302082-aaokc182 57 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 57 7 understanding understanding NN cord-302082-aaokc182 57 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 57 9 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 57 10 degradation degradation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 57 11 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 57 12 address address VB cord-302082-aaokc182 57 13 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 57 14 problems problem NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 57 15 associated associate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 57 16 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 57 17 cold cold JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 57 18 chain chain NN cord-302082-aaokc182 57 19 management management NN cord-302082-aaokc182 57 20 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 57 21 lead lead VB cord-302082-aaokc182 57 22 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 57 23 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 57 24 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 57 25 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 57 26 thermostable thermostable JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 57 27 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 57 28 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 58 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 58 2 level level NN cord-302082-aaokc182 58 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 58 4 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 58 5 presentation presentation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 58 6 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 58 7 occurs occur VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 58 8 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 58 9 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 58 10 current current JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 58 11 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 58 12 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 58 13 sometimes sometimes RB cord-302082-aaokc182 58 14 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 58 15 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 58 16 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 58 17 drive drive VB cord-302082-aaokc182 58 18 long long RB cord-302082-aaokc182 58 19 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 58 20 lasting last VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 58 21 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 58 22 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 58 23 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 58 24 high high JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 58 25 quality quality NN cord-302082-aaokc182 58 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 58 27 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 58 28 Chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 58 29 3 3 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 58 30 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 58 31 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 58 32 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 58 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 58 34 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 59 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 59 2 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 59 3 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 59 4 due due JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 59 5 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 6 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 59 7 exposure exposure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 9 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 59 10 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 11 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 12 immature immature JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 59 13 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 14 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 59 15 presenting present VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 59 16 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 59 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 59 18 APCs apc NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 59 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 59 20 rapid rapid JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 59 21 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 59 22 subimmunogenic subimmunogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 59 23 degradation degradation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 24 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 59 25 sequestration sequestration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 26 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 27 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 59 28 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 59 29 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 59 30 lack lack NN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 31 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 32 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 33 due due IN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 34 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 35 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 59 36 physical physical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 59 37 presentation presentation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 38 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 39 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 59 40 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 59 41 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 60 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 60 2 discovery discovery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 60 3 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 60 4 _SP cord-302082-aaokc182 60 5 Modifying modify VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 60 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 60 7 formulations formulation NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 60 8 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 60 9 increase increase VB cord-302082-aaokc182 60 10 tolerance tolerance NN cord-302082-aaokc182 60 11 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 60 12 temperature temperature NN cord-302082-aaokc182 60 13 fluctuations fluctuation NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 60 14 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 60 15 likely likely JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 60 16 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 60 17 increase increase VB cord-302082-aaokc182 60 18 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 60 19 shelf shelf NN cord-302082-aaokc182 60 20 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 60 21 life life NN cord-302082-aaokc182 60 22 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 60 23 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 60 24 product product NN cord-302082-aaokc182 60 25 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 60 26 reduce reduce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 60 27 transport transport NN cord-302082-aaokc182 60 28 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 60 29 wastage wastage NN cord-302082-aaokc182 60 30 issues issue NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 60 31 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 61 1 UNDERSTANDING understand VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 61 2 MODERN modern JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 61 3 VACCINES vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 61 4 refinement refinement NN cord-302082-aaokc182 61 5 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 61 6 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 61 7 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 61 8 varied varied JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 61 9 options option NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 61 10 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 61 11 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 61 12 presentation presentation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 61 13 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 61 14 expected expect VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 61 15 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 61 16 allow allow VB cord-302082-aaokc182 61 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 61 18 design design NN cord-302082-aaokc182 61 19 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 61 20 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 61 21 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 61 22 produce produce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 61 23 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 61 24 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 61 25 profiles profile NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 61 26 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 62 1 Some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 62 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 62 3 these these DT cord-302082-aaokc182 62 4 technologies technology NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 62 5 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 62 6 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 62 7 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 62 8 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 62 9 facilitate facilitate VB cord-302082-aaokc182 62 10 oral oral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 62 11 delivery delivery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 62 12 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 62 13 target target VB cord-302082-aaokc182 62 14 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 62 15 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 62 16 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 62 17 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 62 18 also also RB cord-302082-aaokc182 62 19 trigger trigger VB cord-302082-aaokc182 62 20 both both DT cord-302082-aaokc182 62 21 innate innate JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 62 22 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 62 23 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 62 24 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 62 25 systems system NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 62 26 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 62 27 including include VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 62 28 T t NN cord-302082-aaokc182 62 29 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 62 30 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 62 31 B b NN cord-302082-aaokc182 62 32 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 62 33 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 62 34 effector effector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 62 35 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 62 36 memory memory NN cord-302082-aaokc182 62 37 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 62 38 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 63 1 Candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 63 2 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 63 3 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 63 4 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 63 5 utilise utilise VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 63 6 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 63 7 non non JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 63 8 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 63 9 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 63 10 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 63 11 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 63 12 carry carry VB cord-302082-aaokc182 63 13 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 63 14 subsequently subsequently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 63 15 induce induce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 63 16 expression expression NN cord-302082-aaokc182 63 17 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 63 18 genes gene NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 63 19 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 63 20 produce produce VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 63 21 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 63 22 foreign foreign JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 63 23 proteins protein NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 63 24 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 63 25 high high JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 63 26 levels level NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 63 27 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 63 28 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 63 29 host host NN cord-302082-aaokc182 63 30 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 64 1 These these DT cord-302082-aaokc182 64 2 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 64 3 taken take VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 64 4 up up RP cord-302082-aaokc182 64 5 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 64 6 immature immature JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 64 7 APCs apc NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 64 8 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 64 9 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 64 10 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 64 11 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 64 12 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 64 13 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 64 14 lead lead VB cord-302082-aaokc182 64 15 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 64 16 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 64 17 robust robust JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 64 18 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 64 19 long long RB cord-302082-aaokc182 64 20 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 64 21 lasting last VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 64 22 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 64 23 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 64 24 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 64 25 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 64 26 target target NN cord-302082-aaokc182 64 27 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 64 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 64 29 Figure figure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 64 30 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 64 31 .4 .4 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 64 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 64 33 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 65 1 Viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 65 2 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 65 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 65 4 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 65 5 eg eg IN cord-302082-aaokc182 65 6 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 65 7 poxvirus poxvirus NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 65 8 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 65 9 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 65 10 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 65 11 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 65 12 administered administer VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 65 13 mucosally mucosally RB cord-302082-aaokc182 65 14 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 65 15 stimulate stimulate VB cord-302082-aaokc182 65 16 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 65 17 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 65 18 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 65 19 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 66 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 66 2 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 66 3 modified modified JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 66 4 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-302082-aaokc182 66 5 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 66 6 Ankara Ankara NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 66 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 66 8 rMVA rMVA NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 66 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 66 10 vectors vector NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 66 11 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 66 12 showing show VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 66 13 promise promise NN cord-302082-aaokc182 66 14 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 66 15 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 66 16 delivery delivery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 66 17 vectors vector NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 66 18 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 67 1 Pre pre JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 67 2 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 67 3 existing existing JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 67 4 immunity immunity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 67 5 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 67 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 67 7 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 67 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 67 9 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 67 10 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 67 11 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 67 12 impediment impediment NN cord-302082-aaokc182 67 13 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 67 14 successful successful JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 67 15 use use NN cord-302082-aaokc182 67 16 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 67 17 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 67 18 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 67 19 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 68 1 As as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 68 2 ways way NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 68 3 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 68 4 avoid avoid VB cord-302082-aaokc182 68 5 anti anti JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 68 6 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 68 7 vector vector JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 68 8 immunity immunity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 68 9 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 68 10 viruses virus NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 68 11 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 68 12 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 68 13 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 68 14 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 68 15 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 68 16 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 68 17 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 68 18 deleting delete VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 68 19 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 68 20 replacing replace VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 68 21 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 68 22 genes gene NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 68 23 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 69 1 Figure figure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 69 2 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 69 3 .4 .4 NN cord-302082-aaokc182 69 4 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 69 5 how how WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 69 6 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 69 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 69 8 vectors vector NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 69 9 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 69 10 made make VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 69 11 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 70 1 DNA DNA NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 70 2 expressing express VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 70 3 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 70 4 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 70 5 transgene transgene NN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 70 7 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 70 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 9 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 70 11 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 70 12 inserted insert VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 13 into into IN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 14 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 70 15 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 70 16 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 17 genome genome NN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 18 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 19 expression expression NN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 20 following follow VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 70 21 administration administration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 22 into into IN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 23 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 70 24 recipient recipient NN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 25 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 70 26 expression expression NN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 27 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 28 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 70 29 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 30 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 31 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 70 32 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 70 33 boosted boost VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 34 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 35 using use VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 70 36 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 70 37 variety variety NN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 38 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 39 DNA dna NN cord-302082-aaokc182 70 40 promoters promoter NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 70 41 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 71 1 If if IN cord-302082-aaokc182 71 2 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 71 3 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 71 4 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 71 5 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 71 6 no no DT cord-302082-aaokc182 71 7 longer longer RB cord-302082-aaokc182 71 8 able able JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 71 9 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 71 10 grow grow VB cord-302082-aaokc182 71 11 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 71 12 replicate replicate VB cord-302082-aaokc182 71 13 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 71 14 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 71 15 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 71 16 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 71 17 grown grow VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 71 18 using use VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 71 19 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 71 20 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 71 21 line line NN cord-302082-aaokc182 71 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 71 23 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 71 24 so so RB cord-302082-aaokc182 71 25 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 71 26 called call VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 71 27 complementing complement VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 71 28 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 71 29 line line NN cord-302082-aaokc182 71 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 71 31 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 71 32 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 71 33 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 71 34 engineered engineer VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 71 35 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 71 36 produce produce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 71 37 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 71 38 missing miss VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 71 39 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 71 40 product product NN cord-302082-aaokc182 71 41 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 72 1 Often often RB cord-302082-aaokc182 72 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 72 3 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 72 4 genes gene NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 72 5 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 72 6 removed remove VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 7 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 8 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 72 9 effort effort NN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 10 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 72 11 reduce reduce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 72 12 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 72 13 eliminate eliminate VB cord-302082-aaokc182 72 14 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 72 15 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 16 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 72 18 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 19 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 72 20 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 21 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 72 22 cases case NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 72 23 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 72 24 genes gene NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 72 25 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 72 26 removed remove VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 27 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 72 28 make make VB cord-302082-aaokc182 72 29 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 72 30 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 31 itself -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 72 32 less less RBR cord-302082-aaokc182 72 33 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 72 34 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 72 35 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 72 36 anti anti JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 72 37 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 72 38 vector vector JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 72 39 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 72 40 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 41 would would MD cord-302082-aaokc182 72 42 greatly greatly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 72 43 reduce reduce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 72 44 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 72 45 ability ability NN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 46 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 47 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 72 48 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 49 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 72 50 induce induce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 72 51 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 72 52 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 53 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 72 54 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 72 55 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 72 56 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 73 1 Examples example NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 73 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 73 3 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 73 4 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 73 5 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 73 6 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 73 7 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 73 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 73 9 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 73 10 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 73 11 listed list VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 73 12 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 73 13 Table Table NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 73 14 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 73 15 .3 .3 NFP cord-302082-aaokc182 73 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 74 1 Non non JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 74 2 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 74 3 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 74 4 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 74 5 vectors vector NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 74 6 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 74 7 many many JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 74 8 features feature NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 74 9 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 74 10 make make VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 74 11 them -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 74 12 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 74 13 attractive attractive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 74 14 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 74 15 platform platform NN cord-302082-aaokc182 74 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 75 1 Bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 75 2 vectors vector NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 75 3 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 75 4 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 75 5 engineered engineer VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 75 6 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 75 7 maximum maximum JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 75 8 safety safety NN cord-302082-aaokc182 75 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 75 10 eg eg IN cord-302082-aaokc182 75 11 deletion deletion NN cord-302082-aaokc182 75 12 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 75 13 two two CD cord-302082-aaokc182 75 14 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 75 15 more more JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 75 16 genes gene NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 75 17 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 75 18 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 75 19 same same JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 75 20 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 75 21 pathway pathway NN cord-302082-aaokc182 75 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 75 23 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 75 24 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 75 25 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 75 26 express express VB cord-302082-aaokc182 75 27 large large JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 75 28 numbers number NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 75 29 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 75 30 foreign foreign JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 75 31 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 75 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 75 33 Figure figure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 75 34 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 75 35 .5 .5 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 75 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 75 37 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 76 1 Two two CD cord-302082-aaokc182 76 2 key key JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 76 3 issues issue NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 76 4 affecting affect VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 76 5 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 76 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 76 7 vectors vector NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 76 8 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 76 9 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 76 10 a a LS cord-302082-aaokc182 76 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 76 12 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 76 13 decide decide VB cord-302082-aaokc182 76 14 whether whether IN cord-302082-aaokc182 76 15 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 76 16 optimal optimal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 76 17 platform platform NN cord-302082-aaokc182 76 18 should should MD cord-302082-aaokc182 76 19 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 76 20 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 76 21 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 76 22 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 76 23 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 76 24 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 76 25 Figure figure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 76 26 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 76 27 .4 .4 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 76 28 Viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 76 29 vectors vector NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 76 30 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 76 31 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 76 32 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 77 1 Viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 77 2 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 77 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 77 4 exploit exploit VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 77 5 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 77 6 natural natural JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 77 7 ability ability NN cord-302082-aaokc182 77 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 77 9 viruses virus NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 77 10 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 77 11 infect infect VB cord-302082-aaokc182 77 12 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 77 13 otherwise otherwise RB cord-302082-aaokc182 77 14 enter enter VB cord-302082-aaokc182 77 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 77 16 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 77 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 77 18 case case NN cord-302082-aaokc182 77 19 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 77 20 disabled disabled JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 77 21 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 77 22 vectors vector NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 77 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 77 24 host host NN cord-302082-aaokc182 77 25 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 77 26 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 77 27 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 77 28 then then RB cord-302082-aaokc182 77 29 deliver deliver VB cord-302082-aaokc182 77 30 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 77 31 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 77 32 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 77 33 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 77 34 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 78 1 Antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 78 2 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 78 3 encoding encode VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 78 4 genes gene NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 78 5 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 78 6 isolated isolate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 78 7 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 78 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 78 9 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 78 10 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 78 11 inserted insert VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 78 12 into into IN cord-302082-aaokc182 78 13 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 78 14 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 78 15 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 78 16 genome genome NN cord-302082-aaokc182 78 17 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 79 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 79 2 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 79 3 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 4 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 79 5 then then RB cord-302082-aaokc182 79 6 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 79 7 used use VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 8 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 9 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 79 10 factory factory NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 11 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 12 production production NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 13 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 14 large large JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 79 15 quantities quantity NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 79 16 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 17 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 18 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 19 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 20 vivo vivo NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 21 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 79 22 following follow VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 79 23 introduction introduction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 24 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 25 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 79 26 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 27 into into IN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 28 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 79 29 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 30 recipient recipient NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 31 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 79 32 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 33 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 79 34 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 35 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 36 then then RB cord-302082-aaokc182 79 37 expressed express VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 79 38 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 39 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 79 40 surface surface NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 41 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 42 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 79 43 infected infect VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 44 / / SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 79 45 transduced transduce VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 46 host host NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 47 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 79 48 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 79 49 exported export VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 50 out out IN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 51 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 52 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 79 53 producer producer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 54 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 79 55 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 80 1 MHC MHC NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 80 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 80 3 major major JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 80 4 histocompatibility histocompatibility NN cord-302082-aaokc182 80 5 complex complex NN cord-302082-aaokc182 80 6 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 81 1 own own JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 81 2 right right NN cord-302082-aaokc182 81 3 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 81 4 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 81 5 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 81 6 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 81 7 system system NN cord-302082-aaokc182 81 8 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 81 9 deliver deliver VB cord-302082-aaokc182 81 10 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 81 11 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 81 12 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 81 13 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 81 14 b b LS cord-302082-aaokc182 81 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 82 1 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 82 2 determine determine VB cord-302082-aaokc182 82 3 whether whether IN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 4 re re NN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 5 - - NN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 6 administration administration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 7 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 82 9 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 10 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 82 11 either either CC cord-302082-aaokc182 82 12 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 13 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 82 14 same same JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 82 15 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 82 16 different different JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 82 17 target target NN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 18 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 82 19 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 82 20 will will MD cord-302082-aaokc182 82 21 fail fail VB cord-302082-aaokc182 82 22 because because IN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 23 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 24 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 82 25 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 82 26 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 27 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 28 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 82 29 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 82 30 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 31 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 32 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 33 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 82 34 time time NN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 35 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 36 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 82 37 initial initial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 82 38 administration administration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 82 39 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 83 1 Initial initial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 83 2 assessments assessment NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 83 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 83 4 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 83 5 feasibility feasibility NN cord-302082-aaokc182 83 6 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 83 7 using use VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 83 8 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 83 9 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 83 10 vectors vector NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 83 11 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 83 12 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 83 13 delivery delivery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 83 14 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 83 15 foreign foreign JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 83 16 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 83 17 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 83 18 focused focus VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 83 19 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 83 20 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 83 21 species specie NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 83 22 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 84 1 Bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 84 2 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 84 3 vectors vector NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 84 4 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 84 5 humans human NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 84 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 84 7 however however RB cord-302082-aaokc182 84 8 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 84 9 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 84 10 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 84 11 disappointing disappointing JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 84 12 so so RB cord-302082-aaokc182 84 13 far far RB cord-302082-aaokc182 84 14 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 85 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 85 2 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 85 3 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 85 4 necessary necessary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 85 5 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 85 6 develop develop VB cord-302082-aaokc182 85 7 unique unique JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 85 8 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 85 9 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 85 10 vectors vector NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 85 11 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 85 12 delivering deliver VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 85 13 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 85 14 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 85 15 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 85 16 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 85 17 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 85 18 case case NN cord-302082-aaokc182 85 19 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 85 20 vectors vector NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 85 21 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 85 22 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 85 23 modified modify VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 85 24 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 85 25 allow allow VB cord-302082-aaokc182 85 26 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 85 27 re re NN cord-302082-aaokc182 85 28 - - NN cord-302082-aaokc182 85 29 use use NN cord-302082-aaokc182 85 30 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 86 1 For for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 2 example example NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 86 4 if if IN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 5 immunity immunity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 6 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 7 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 86 8 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 9 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 86 10 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 86 11 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 86 12 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 86 13 major major JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 86 14 impediment impediment NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 15 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 16 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 17 re re NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 86 18 - - NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 19 use use NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 20 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 86 21 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 86 22 determined determine VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 23 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 24 antibodies antibody NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 86 25 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 26 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 86 27 surface surface NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 28 structures structure NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 86 29 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 30 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 86 31 bacterium bacterium NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 86 33 such such JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 86 34 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 35 lipopolysaccharide lipopolysaccharide NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 86 37 LPS LPS NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 86 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 86 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 86 40 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 86 41 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 86 42 dedicated dedicated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 86 43 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 44 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 45 could could MD cord-302082-aaokc182 86 46 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 86 47 developed develop VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 48 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 86 49 lack lack VB cord-302082-aaokc182 86 50 expression expression NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 51 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 52 LPS LPS NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 86 53 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 86 54 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 86 55 express express VB cord-302082-aaokc182 86 56 truncated/ truncated/ JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 86 57 different different JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 86 58 forms form NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 86 59 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 60 LPS lp NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 86 61 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 62 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 86 63 target target NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 64 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 86 65 thereby thereby RB cord-302082-aaokc182 86 66 avoiding avoid VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 86 67 priming priming NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 68 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 69 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 86 70 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 86 71 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 72 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 86 73 allowing allow VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 86 74 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 75 re re NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 76 - - NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 77 use use NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 78 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 79 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 86 80 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 81 and/or and/or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 86 82 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 86 83 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 87 1 Some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 87 2 potential potential JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 87 3 options option NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 87 4 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 87 5 live live JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 87 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 87 7 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 87 8 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 87 9 vectors vector NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 87 10 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 87 11 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 87 12 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 87 13 Table Table NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 87 14 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 87 15 .4 .4 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 87 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 87 17 _SP cord-302082-aaokc182 88 1 DNA DNA NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 88 2 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 88 3 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 88 4 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 88 5 result result NN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 6 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 7 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 88 8 discovery discovery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 9 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 10 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 88 11 early early JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 88 12 1990s 1990 NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 88 13 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 14 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 88 15 gene gene NN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 16 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 88 17 rather rather RB cord-302082-aaokc182 88 18 than than IN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 19 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 88 20 encoded encode VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 21 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 22 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 88 23 if if IN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 24 delivered deliver VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 25 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 26 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 88 27 ' ' `` cord-302082-aaokc182 88 28 expressible expressible JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 88 29 ' ' '' cord-302082-aaokc182 88 30 form form NN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 31 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 88 32 could could MD cord-302082-aaokc182 88 33 induce induce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 88 34 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 88 35 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 88 36 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 88 38 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 88 39 Chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 40 1 1 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 88 41 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 42 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 43 evolution evolution NN cord-302082-aaokc182 88 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 88 45 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 89 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 89 2 principle principle NN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 3 behind behind IN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 4 DNA dna NN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 5 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 89 6 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 89 7 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 89 9 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 89 10 molecule molecule NN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 11 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 89 12 produced produce VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 13 within within IN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 14 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 89 15 host host NN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 16 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 89 18 DNA DNA NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 89 19 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 89 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 89 21 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 89 22 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 89 23 injected inject VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 24 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 89 25 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 26 contrast contrast NN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 27 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 28 more more JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 89 29 traditional traditional JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 89 30 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 31 where where WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 89 32 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 89 33 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 34 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 89 35 supplied supply VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 36 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 37 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 89 38 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 39 formulation formulation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 89 40 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 90 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 90 2 gene(s gene(s NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 90 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 90 4 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 5 target target NN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 6 antigen(s antigen(s NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 90 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 90 8 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 90 9 / / , cord-302082-aaokc182 90 10 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 90 11 usually usually RB cord-302082-aaokc182 90 12 encoded encode VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 13 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 14 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 90 15 circular circular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 90 16 plasmid plasmid NN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 17 expression expression NN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 18 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 19 under under IN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 20 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 90 21 control control NN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 22 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 23 promoter promoter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 24 sequences sequence NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 90 25 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 90 26 direct direct JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 90 27 gene gene NN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 28 expression expression NN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 29 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 30 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 90 31 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 90 32 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 90 33 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 90 34 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 90 35 achieved achieve VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 36 after after IN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 37 injection injection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 38 into into IN cord-302082-aaokc182 90 39 mammals mammal NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 90 40 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 90 41 _SP cord-302082-aaokc182 91 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 91 2 DNA dna NN cord-302082-aaokc182 91 3 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 91 4 process process NN cord-302082-aaokc182 91 5 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 91 6 circumvent circumvent VB cord-302082-aaokc182 91 7 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 91 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 91 9 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 91 10 major major JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 91 11 issues issue NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 91 12 resulting result VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 91 13 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 91 14 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 91 15 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 91 16 administration administration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 91 17 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 92 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 92 2 construction construction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 3 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 92 4 production production NN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 5 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 92 7 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 92 8 carrying carry VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 92 9 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 92 10 gene gene NN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 11 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 12 interest interest NN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 13 together together RB cord-302082-aaokc182 92 14 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 15 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 92 16 promoter promoter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 17 sequences sequence NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 92 18 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 92 19 relatively relatively RB cord-302082-aaokc182 92 20 simple simple JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 92 21 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 92 22 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 92 23 expressed express VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 24 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 25 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 92 26 retain retain VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 92 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 92 28 native native JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 92 29 conformation conformation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 30 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 92 31 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 92 32 gene gene NN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 33 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 92 34 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 92 35 readily readily RB cord-302082-aaokc182 92 36 modified modify VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 37 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 92 38 produce produce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 92 39 tailored tailor VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 40 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 92 41 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 92 42 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 92 43 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 92 44 plasmid plasmid NN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 45 DNA dna NN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 46 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 92 47 intrinsically intrinsically RB cord-302082-aaokc182 92 48 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 92 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 92 50 subsequently subsequently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 92 51 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 52 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 92 53 result result VB cord-302082-aaokc182 92 54 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 55 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 92 56 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 57 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 92 58 associated associate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 92 59 molecular molecular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 92 60 patterns pattern NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 92 61 [ [ -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 92 62 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 92 63 ] ] -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 92 64 it -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 92 65 carries carry VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 92 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 92 67 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 93 1 Additional additional JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 93 2 desirable desirable JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 93 3 features feature NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 93 4 include include VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 93 5 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 93 6 ability ability NN cord-302082-aaokc182 93 7 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 93 8 engineer engineer VB cord-302082-aaokc182 93 9 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 93 10 deliver deliver VB cord-302082-aaokc182 93 11 genetic genetic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 93 12 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 93 13 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 93 14 tandem tandem NN cord-302082-aaokc182 93 15 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 93 16 parallel parallel JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 93 17 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 93 18 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 93 19 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 93 20 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 93 21 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 93 22 potential potential NN cord-302082-aaokc182 93 23 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 93 24 deliver deliver VB cord-302082-aaokc182 93 25 multiple multiple JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 93 26 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 93 27 genes gene NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 93 28 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 93 29 one one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 93 30 construct construct NN cord-302082-aaokc182 93 31 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 93 32 within within IN cord-302082-aaokc182 93 33 other other JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 93 34 constructs construct NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 93 35 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 93 36 encode encode VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 93 37 adjuvanting adjuvante VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 93 38 protein(s protein(s NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 93 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 93 40 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 93 41 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 93 42 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 93 43 ability ability NN cord-302082-aaokc182 93 44 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 93 45 induce induce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 93 46 both both DT cord-302082-aaokc182 93 47 cellular cellular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 93 48 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 93 49 humoral humoral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 93 50 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 93 51 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 93 52 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 94 1 Despite despite IN cord-302082-aaokc182 94 2 promising promising JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 94 3 data datum NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 94 4 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 94 5 pre pre JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 94 6 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 94 7 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 94 8 testing testing NN cord-302082-aaokc182 94 9 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 94 10 DNA dna NN cord-302082-aaokc182 94 11 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 94 12 candidates candidate NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 94 13 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 94 14 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 94 15 only only RB cord-302082-aaokc182 94 16 limited limited JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 94 17 success success NN cord-302082-aaokc182 94 18 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 94 19 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 94 20 settings setting NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 94 21 so so RB cord-302082-aaokc182 94 22 far far RB cord-302082-aaokc182 94 23 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 95 1 One one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 95 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 3 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 95 4 current current JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 95 5 drawbacks drawback NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 95 6 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 7 DNA dna NN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 8 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 95 9 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 95 10 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 95 11 inefficiency inefficiency NN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 12 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 13 conventional conventional JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 95 14 delivery delivery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 15 methods method NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 95 16 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 95 18 plasmid plasmid NN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 19 DNA dna NN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 20 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 95 21 however however RB cord-302082-aaokc182 95 22 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 95 23 _SP cord-302082-aaokc182 95 24 UNDERSTANDING understand VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 95 25 MODERN modern JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 95 26 VACCINES vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 95 27 emerging emerge VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 95 28 proprietary proprietary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 95 29 particle particle NN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 30 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 95 31 mediated mediate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 32 delivery delivery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 33 technology technology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 34 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 95 35 electroporation electroporation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 36 technology technology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 37 seeks seek VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 95 38 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 95 39 improve improve VB cord-302082-aaokc182 95 40 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 95 41 situation situation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 95 42 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 96 1 With with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 96 2 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 96 3 electroporation electroporation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 96 4 method method NN cord-302082-aaokc182 96 5 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 96 6 brief brief JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 96 7 electrical electrical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 96 8 pulses pulse NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 96 9 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 96 10 applied apply VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 96 11 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 96 12 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 96 13 site site NN cord-302082-aaokc182 96 14 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 96 15 immunisation immunisation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 96 16 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 96 17 causes cause VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 96 18 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 96 19 transient transient JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 96 20 disruption disruption NN cord-302082-aaokc182 96 21 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 96 22 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 96 23 membranes membrane NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 96 24 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 97 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 97 2 results result VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 97 3 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 97 4 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 97 5 enhancement enhancement NN cord-302082-aaokc182 97 6 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 97 7 uptake uptake NN cord-302082-aaokc182 97 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 97 9 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 97 10 DNA dna NN cord-302082-aaokc182 97 11 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 97 12 between between IN cord-302082-aaokc182 97 13 10e100-fold 10e100-fold CD cord-302082-aaokc182 97 14 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 98 1 Examples example NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 98 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 98 3 DNA dna NN cord-302082-aaokc182 98 4 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 98 5 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 98 6 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 98 7 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 98 8 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 98 9 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 98 10 presented present VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 98 11 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 98 12 Table Table NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 98 13 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 98 14 .5 .5 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 98 15 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 99 1 Dendritic dendritic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 99 2 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 99 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 99 4 DC DC NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 99 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 99 6 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 99 7 typically typically RB cord-302082-aaokc182 99 8 use use VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 99 9 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 99 10 harvested harvest VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 99 11 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 99 12 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 99 13 blood blood NN cord-302082-aaokc182 99 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 99 15 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 99 16 most most JJS cord-302082-aaokc182 99 17 cases case NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 99 18 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 99 19 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 99 20 individual individual NN cord-302082-aaokc182 99 21 who who WP cord-302082-aaokc182 99 22 will will MD cord-302082-aaokc182 99 23 receive receive VB cord-302082-aaokc182 99 24 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 99 25 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 99 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 99 27 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 99 28 produce produce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 99 29 immature immature JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 99 30 DCs dc NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 99 31 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 99 32 vitro vitro FW cord-302082-aaokc182 99 33 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 100 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 100 2 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 100 3 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 100 4 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 100 5 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 100 6 loaded load VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 100 7 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 100 8 treated treat VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 100 9 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 100 10 induce induce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 100 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 100 12 maturation maturation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 100 13 into into IN cord-302082-aaokc182 100 14 APCs apc NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 100 15 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 100 16 infused infuse VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 100 17 back back RB cord-302082-aaokc182 100 18 into into IN cord-302082-aaokc182 100 19 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 100 20 patient patient NN cord-302082-aaokc182 100 21 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 101 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 101 2 first first JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 101 3 Food Food NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 101 4 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 101 5 Drug Drug NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 101 6 Administration Administration NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 101 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 101 8 FDA)-approved FDA)-approved NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 101 9 DC DC NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 101 10 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 101 12 designed design VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 13 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 14 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 101 15 treatment treatment NN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 16 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 17 prostate prostate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 18 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 19 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 101 20 was be VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 101 21 licensed license VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 22 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 23 2010 2010 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 101 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 101 25 Sipuleucel Sipuleucel NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 101 26 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 101 27 T T NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 101 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 101 29 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 101 30 examples example NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 101 31 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 32 other other JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 101 33 targets target NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 101 34 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 35 DC DC NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 101 36 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 37 therapy therapy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 38 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 101 39 presented present VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 40 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 101 41 Table Table NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 101 42 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 101 43 .6 .6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 101 44 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 102 1 DC DC NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 102 2 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 102 3 offer offer VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 102 4 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 102 5 individualised individualised JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 102 6 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 102 7 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 102 8 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 102 9 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 102 10 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 102 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 102 12 but but CC cord-302082-aaokc182 102 13 represent represent VB cord-302082-aaokc182 102 14 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 102 15 specialised specialised JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 102 16 method method NN cord-302082-aaokc182 102 17 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 102 18 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 102 19 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 102 20 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 102 21 currently currently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 102 22 limited limit VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 102 23 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 102 24 aggressive aggressive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 102 25 cancers cancer NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 102 26 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 102 27 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 102 28 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 102 29 treatment treatment NN cord-302082-aaokc182 102 30 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 102 31 serious serious JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 102 32 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 102 33 intractable intractable JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 102 34 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 102 35 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 103 1 A a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 103 2 comparison comparison NN cord-302082-aaokc182 103 3 between between IN cord-302082-aaokc182 103 4 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 103 5 strengths strength NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 103 6 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 103 7 weaknesses weakness NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 103 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 103 9 selected select VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 103 10 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 103 11 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 103 12 platforms platform NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 103 13 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 103 14 presented present VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 103 15 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 103 16 Table Table NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 103 17 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 103 18 .7 .7 NFP cord-302082-aaokc182 103 19 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 104 1 Developing develop VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 104 2 administration administration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 104 3 techniques technique NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 104 4 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 104 5 place place VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 104 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 104 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 104 8 directly directly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 104 9 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 104 10 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 104 11 site(s site(s NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 104 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 104 13 where where WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 104 14 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 104 15 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 104 16 most most RBS cord-302082-aaokc182 104 17 likely likely JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 104 18 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 104 19 initiate initiate VB cord-302082-aaokc182 104 20 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 104 21 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 104 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 104 23 eg eg IN cord-302082-aaokc182 104 24 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 104 25 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 104 26 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 104 27 sites site NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 104 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 104 29 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 104 30 likely likely JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 104 31 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 104 32 improve improve VB cord-302082-aaokc182 104 33 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 104 34 efficacy efficacy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 104 35 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 104 36 safety safety NN cord-302082-aaokc182 104 37 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 105 1 Traditional traditional JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 105 2 methods method NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 105 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 5 administration administration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 6 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 105 7 potentially potentially RB cord-302082-aaokc182 105 8 pose pose VB cord-302082-aaokc182 105 9 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 105 10 number number NN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 11 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 12 limitations limitation NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 105 13 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 14 respect respect NN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 15 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 16 reactogenicity reactogenicity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 17 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 105 18 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 19 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 105 20 convenience convenience NN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 21 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 105 22 efficacy efficacy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 23 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 105 24 safety safety NN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 25 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 105 26 cost cost NN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 27 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 105 28 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-302082-aaokc182 105 29 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 106 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 106 2 information information NN cord-302082-aaokc182 106 3 included include VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 106 4 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 106 5 not not RB cord-302082-aaokc182 106 6 meant mean VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 106 7 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 106 8 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 106 9 exhaustive exhaustive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 106 10 but but CC cord-302082-aaokc182 106 11 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 106 12 intended intend VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 106 13 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 106 14 provide provide VB cord-302082-aaokc182 106 15 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 106 16 overview overview NN cord-302082-aaokc182 106 17 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 106 18 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 106 19 subject subject JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 106 20 matter matter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 106 21 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 107 1 Ongoing ongoing JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 107 2 research research NN cord-302082-aaokc182 107 3 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 107 4 alternative alternative JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 107 5 experimental experimental JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 107 6 administration administration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 107 7 strategies strategy NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 107 8 includes include VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 107 9 ballistic ballistic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 107 10 delivery delivery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 107 11 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 107 12 skin skin VB cord-302082-aaokc182 107 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 107 14 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 107 15 gene gene NN cord-302082-aaokc182 107 16 gun gun NN cord-302082-aaokc182 107 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 107 18 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 107 19 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 107 20 transdermal transdermal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 107 21 patch patch NN cord-302082-aaokc182 107 22 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 107 23 other other JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 107 24 intradermal intradermal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 107 25 methods method NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 107 26 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 107 27 plus plus CC cord-302082-aaokc182 107 28 sublingual sublingual NN cord-302082-aaokc182 107 29 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 107 30 aerosol aerosol NN cord-302082-aaokc182 107 31 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 107 32 rectal rectal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 107 33 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 107 34 vaginal vaginal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 107 35 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 107 36 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 107 37 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 108 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 108 2 main main JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 108 3 advantages advantage NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 108 4 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 5 alternative alternative JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 108 6 delivery delivery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 7 strategies strategy NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 108 8 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 108 9 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 108 10 potential potential NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 11 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 108 12 induce induce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 108 13 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 108 14 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 108 15 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 16 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 108 17 common common JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 108 18 portals portal NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 108 19 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 20 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 21 entry entry NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 108 23 eg eg IN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 24 oral oral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 108 25 polio polio NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 26 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 27 replicating replicate VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 108 28 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 29 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 108 30 gut gut NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 108 32 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 108 33 potential potential JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 108 34 convenience convenience NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 108 36 eg eg IN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 37 ease ease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 38 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 39 use use NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 40 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 41 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 108 42 transdermal transdermal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 108 43 patch patch NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 108 45 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 108 46 potential potential JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 108 47 combination combination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 48 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 49 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 108 50 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 108 51 reduce reduce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 108 52 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 108 53 simplify simplify VB cord-302082-aaokc182 108 54 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 108 55 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 56 schedule schedule NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 57 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 108 58 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 108 59 reduction reduction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 60 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 108 61 elimination elimination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 62 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 63 administration administration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 64 via via IN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 65 standard standard JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 108 66 hypodermic hypodermic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 108 67 needle needle NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 68 injection injection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 108 69 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 109 1 Despite despite IN cord-302082-aaokc182 109 2 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 109 3 intuitive intuitive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 109 4 value value NN cord-302082-aaokc182 109 5 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 109 6 these these DT cord-302082-aaokc182 109 7 approaches approach NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 109 8 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 109 9 few few JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 109 10 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 109 11 today today NN cord-302082-aaokc182 109 12 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 109 13 administered administer VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 109 14 via via IN cord-302082-aaokc182 109 15 non non JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 109 16 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 109 17 IM im JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 109 18 routes route NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 109 19 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 110 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 110 2 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 110 3 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 110 4 several several JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 110 5 reasons reason NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 110 6 including include VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 110 7 feasibility feasibility NN cord-302082-aaokc182 110 8 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 110 9 lack lack NN cord-302082-aaokc182 110 10 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 110 11 proven prove VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 110 12 efficacy efficacy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 110 13 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 110 14 limited limited JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 110 15 safety safety NN cord-302082-aaokc182 110 16 data datum NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 110 17 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 111 1 Some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 111 2 problems problem NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 111 3 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 111 4 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 5 observed observe VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 6 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 7 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 111 8 routes route NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 111 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 10 delivery delivery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 111 12 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 13 example example NN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 14 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 111 15 after after IN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 16 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 111 17 2000 2000 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 111 18 launch launch NN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 19 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 20 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 111 21 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 22 intranasal intranasal NN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 23 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 24 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 111 26 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 111 27 virosome virosome NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 111 28 formulation formulation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 29 adjuvanted adjuvante VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 30 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 31 heat heat NN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 32 labile labile JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 111 33 enterotoxoid enterotoxoid NN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 34 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 35 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 111 36 coli coli NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 111 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 111 38 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 111 39 post post JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 111 40 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 111 41 licensure licensure JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 111 42 data datum NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 111 43 indicated indicate VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 111 44 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 111 45 significantly significantly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 111 46 increased increase VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 47 risk risk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 48 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 49 Bell Bell NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 111 50 's 's POS cord-302082-aaokc182 111 51 palsy palsy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 52 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 53 vaccinees vaccinees NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 111 54 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 111 55 forced force VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 111 56 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 111 57 withdrawal withdrawal NN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 58 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 59 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 111 60 market market NN cord-302082-aaokc182 111 61 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 112 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 112 2 experience experience NN cord-302082-aaokc182 112 3 led lead VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 112 4 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 112 5 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 112 6 higher high JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 112 7 level level NN cord-302082-aaokc182 112 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 112 9 caution caution NN cord-302082-aaokc182 112 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 112 11 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 112 12 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 112 13 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 112 14 intranasal intranasal NN cord-302082-aaokc182 112 15 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 112 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 113 1 Today today NN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 113 3 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 113 4 only only JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 113 5 example example NN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 6 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 7 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 113 8 licensed licensed JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 113 9 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 10 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 11 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 113 12 latent latent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 113 13 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 14 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 113 15 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 113 16 zoster zoster NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 113 17 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 18 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 113 19 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 113 20 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 21 formulation formulation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 22 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 113 23 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 113 24 high high JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 113 25 potency potency NN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 113 27 about about RB cord-302082-aaokc182 113 28 15-fold 15-fold CD cord-302082-aaokc182 113 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 113 30 version version NN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 31 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 32 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 113 33 live live JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 113 34 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 113 35 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 113 36 varicella varicella NN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 37 zoster zoster NN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 38 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 113 40 VZV VZV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 113 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 113 42 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 113 43 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 114 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 114 2 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 3 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 114 4 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 5 used use VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 6 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 114 7 boost boost VB cord-302082-aaokc182 114 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 114 9 anti anti JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 114 10 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 114 11 VZV vzv JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 114 12 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 13 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 114 14 mediated mediate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 15 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 114 16 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 17 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 18 older old JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 114 19 subjects subject NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 114 20 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 114 21 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 114 22 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 23 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 24 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 114 25 reduce reduce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 114 26 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 114 27 overall overall JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 114 28 incidence incidence NN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 29 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 30 zoster zoster NN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 31 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 32 50 50 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 114 33 % % NN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 34 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 35 subjects subject NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 114 36 aged age VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 114 37 60 60 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 114 38 years year NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 114 39 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 114 40 older old JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 115 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 115 2 Oxman Oxman NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 115 3 et et FW cord-302082-aaokc182 115 4 al al NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 115 5 . . NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 115 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 115 7 2005 2005 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 115 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 115 9 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 116 1 Future future JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 116 2 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 116 3 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 116 4 control control VB cord-302082-aaokc182 116 5 persistent persistent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 116 6 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 116 7 either either CC cord-302082-aaokc182 116 8 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 116 9 preventing prevent VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 116 10 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 116 11 initial initial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 116 12 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 116 13 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 116 14 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 116 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 116 16 ie ie FW cord-302082-aaokc182 116 17 prophylactic prophylactic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 116 18 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 116 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 117 1 Aerosol aerosol NN cord-302082-aaokc182 117 2 delivery delivery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 117 3 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 117 4 ' ' '' cord-302082-aaokc182 118 1 Mass mass JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 118 2 immunization immunization NN cord-302082-aaokc182 118 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 118 4 almost almost RB cord-302082-aaokc182 118 5 all all DT cord-302082-aaokc182 118 6 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 118 7 children child NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 118 8 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 118 9 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 118 10 short short JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 118 11 period period NN cord-302082-aaokc182 118 12 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 118 13 time time NN cord-302082-aaokc182 118 14 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 118 15 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 118 16 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 118 17 potential potential NN cord-302082-aaokc182 118 18 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 118 19 rapidly rapidly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 118 20 eliminating eliminate VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 118 21 measles measle NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 118 22 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 118 23 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 118 24 public public JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 118 25 health health NN cord-302082-aaokc182 118 26 problem problem NN cord-302082-aaokc182 118 27 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 119 1 Immunization immunization NN cord-302082-aaokc182 119 2 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 119 3 inhalation inhalation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 119 4 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 119 5 aerosolised aerosolised JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 119 6 measles measles NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 119 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 119 8 provides provide VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 119 9 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 119 10 procedure procedure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 119 11 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 119 12 could could MD cord-302082-aaokc182 119 13 make make VB cord-302082-aaokc182 119 14 such such PDT cord-302082-aaokc182 119 15 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 119 16 mass mass NN cord-302082-aaokc182 119 17 programme programme NN cord-302082-aaokc182 119 18 possible possible JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 119 19 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 119 20 especially especially RB cord-302082-aaokc182 119 21 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 119 22 parts part NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 119 23 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 119 24 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 119 25 world world NN cord-302082-aaokc182 119 26 where where WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 119 27 measles measles NN cord-302082-aaokc182 119 28 continues continue VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 119 29 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 119 30 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 119 31 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 119 32 serious serious JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 119 33 problem problem NN cord-302082-aaokc182 119 34 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 119 35 ' ' '' cord-302082-aaokc182 120 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 120 2 Sabin Sabin NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 120 3 et et NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 120 4 al al NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 120 5 . . NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 120 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 120 7 1983 1983 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 120 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 120 9 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 121 1 Administering administer VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 121 2 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 121 3 measles measle NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 121 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 5 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 6 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 121 7 aerosol aerosol NN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 8 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 121 9 either either CC cord-302082-aaokc182 121 10 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 11 nebulised nebulised JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 121 12 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 13 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 121 14 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 15 An an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 121 16 increased increase VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 17 understanding understanding NN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 18 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 19 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 121 20 immunology immunology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 21 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 121 22 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 23 hostepathogen hostepathogen NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 121 24 interactions interaction NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 121 25 should should MD cord-302082-aaokc182 121 26 enable enable VB cord-302082-aaokc182 121 27 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 121 28 identification identification NN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 29 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 30 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 121 31 type(s type(s NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 121 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 121 33 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 34 immunity immunity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 35 required require VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 36 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 121 37 effectively effectively RB cord-302082-aaokc182 121 38 prevent prevent VB cord-302082-aaokc182 121 39 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 121 40 control control VB cord-302082-aaokc182 121 41 persistent persistent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 121 42 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 121 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 121 44 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 121 45 Chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 46 2 2 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 121 47 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 48 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 49 immunology immunology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 121 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 121 51 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 122 1 Some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 122 2 examples example NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 122 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 122 4 persistent persistent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 122 5 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 122 6 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 122 7 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 122 8 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 122 9 Table Table NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 122 10 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 122 11 .8 .8 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 122 12 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 123 1 Mycobacterium mycobacterium NN cord-302082-aaokc182 123 2 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 123 3 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 123 4 persist persist VB cord-302082-aaokc182 123 5 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 123 6 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 123 7 latent latent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 123 8 state state NN cord-302082-aaokc182 123 9 within within IN cord-302082-aaokc182 123 10 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 123 11 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 123 12 host host NN cord-302082-aaokc182 123 13 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 123 14 years year NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 123 15 without without IN cord-302082-aaokc182 123 16 causing cause VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 123 17 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 123 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 123 19 latent latent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 123 20 TB TB NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 123 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 123 22 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 124 1 Protection protection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 2 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 3 miliary miliary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 124 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 124 5 disseminated disseminate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 124 7 TB TB NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 124 8 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 9 children child NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 124 10 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 124 11 provided provide VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 12 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 13 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 124 14 bacille bacille NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 124 15 CalmetteeGuérin CalmetteeGuérin NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 124 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 124 17 BCG BCG NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 124 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 124 19 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 20 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 124 21 developed develop VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 22 through through IN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 23 culture culture NN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 24 attenuation attenuation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 25 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 26 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 124 27 bovis bovis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 28 early early RB cord-302082-aaokc182 124 29 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 30 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 124 31 20th 20th JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 124 32 century century NN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 33 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 124 34 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 124 35 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 124 36 routinely routinely RB cord-302082-aaokc182 124 37 given give VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 38 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 124 39 many many JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 124 40 countries country NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 124 41 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 125 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 125 2 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 125 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 125 4 however however RB cord-302082-aaokc182 125 5 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 125 6 provides provide VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 125 7 only only RB cord-302082-aaokc182 125 8 modest modest JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 125 9 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 125 10 often often RB cord-302082-aaokc182 125 11 temporary temporary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 125 12 protection protection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 125 13 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 125 14 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 125 15 TB TB NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 125 16 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 125 17 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 125 18 provides provide VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 125 19 lower low JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 125 20 efficacy efficacy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 125 21 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 125 22 resource resource NN cord-302082-aaokc182 125 23 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 125 24 limited limit VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 125 25 regions region NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 125 26 closer close RBR cord-302082-aaokc182 125 27 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 125 28 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 125 29 equator equator NN cord-302082-aaokc182 125 30 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 126 1 In in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 2 addition addition NN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 126 4 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 5 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 6 live live JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 126 7 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 126 8 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 126 9 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 126 10 bovis bovis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 11 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 126 12 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 126 13 particular particular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 126 14 concern concern NN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 15 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 126 17 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 126 18 positive positive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 126 19 individuals individual NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 126 20 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 126 21 especially especially RB cord-302082-aaokc182 126 22 those those DT cord-302082-aaokc182 126 23 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 24 advanced advanced JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 126 25 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 126 26 suppression suppression NN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 27 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 126 28 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 126 29 population population NN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 30 would would MD cord-302082-aaokc182 126 31 particularly particularly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 126 32 benefit benefit VB cord-302082-aaokc182 126 33 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 34 TB TB NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 126 35 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 36 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 37 TB TB NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 126 38 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 126 39 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 126 40 leading leading JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 126 41 cause cause NN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 42 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 43 death death NN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 44 worldwide worldwide RB cord-302082-aaokc182 126 45 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 46 people people NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 126 47 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 48 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 126 49 / / SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 126 50 acquired acquire VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 51 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 52 syndrome syndrome NN cord-302082-aaokc182 126 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 126 54 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 126 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 126 56 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 127 1 However however RB cord-302082-aaokc182 127 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 127 3 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 127 4 recent recent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 127 5 Phase Phase NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 127 6 III iii CD cord-302082-aaokc182 127 7 trial trial NN cord-302082-aaokc182 127 8 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 127 9 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 127 10 protection protection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 127 11 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 127 12 TB TB NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 127 13 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 127 14 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 127 15 provided provide VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 127 16 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 127 17 individuals individual NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 127 18 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 127 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 127 20 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 127 21 using use VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 127 22 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 127 23 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 127 24 whole whole JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 127 25 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 127 26 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 127 27 mycobacterial mycobacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 127 28 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 127 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 127 30 von von NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 127 31 Reyn Reyn NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 127 32 et et FW cord-302082-aaokc182 127 33 al al NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 127 34 . . NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 127 35 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 127 36 2010 2010 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 127 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 127 38 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 128 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 128 2 current current JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 128 3 state state NN cord-302082-aaokc182 128 4 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 128 5 TB TB NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 128 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 128 7 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 128 8 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 128 9 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 128 10 summarised summarise VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 128 11 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 128 12 reviews review NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 128 13 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 128 14 Walker Walker NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 128 15 et et NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 128 16 al al NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 128 17 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 129 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 129 2 2010 2010 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 129 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 129 4 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 129 5 Lambert Lambert NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 129 6 et et NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 129 7 al al NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 129 8 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 130 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 130 2 2009 2009 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 130 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 130 4 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 130 5 examples example NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 130 6 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 130 7 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 130 8 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 130 9 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 130 10 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 130 11 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 130 12 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 130 13 Table Table NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 130 14 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 130 15 .9 .9 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 130 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 131 1 Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 131 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 131 3 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 131 4 herpes herpes NN cord-302082-aaokc182 131 5 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 131 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 131 7 establishes establish VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 131 8 latent latent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 131 9 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 131 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 131 11 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 131 12 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 131 13 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 131 14 bone bone NN cord-302082-aaokc182 131 15 marrow marrow NN cord-302082-aaokc182 131 16 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 131 17 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 131 18 blood blood NN cord-302082-aaokc182 131 19 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 132 1 Primary primary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 132 2 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 132 3 during during IN cord-302082-aaokc182 132 4 pregnancy pregnancy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 132 5 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 132 6 associated associate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 132 7 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 132 8 congenital congenital JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 132 9 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 132 10 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 132 11 _SP cord-302082-aaokc182 132 12 frequently frequently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 132 13 causes cause VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 132 14 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 132 15 well well RB cord-302082-aaokc182 132 16 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 132 17 characterised characterise VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 132 18 spectrum spectrum NN cord-302082-aaokc182 132 19 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 132 20 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 132 21 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 132 22 disabilities disability NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 132 23 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 132 24 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 132 25 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 132 26 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 132 27 severe severe JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 132 28 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 132 29 fatal fatal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 132 30 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 133 1 Reactivation reactivation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 133 2 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 133 3 pregnancy pregnancy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 133 4 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 133 5 common common JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 133 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 133 7 but but CC cord-302082-aaokc182 133 8 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 133 9 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 133 10 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 133 11 cause cause VB cord-302082-aaokc182 133 12 severe severe JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 133 13 congenital congenital JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 133 14 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 133 15 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 133 16 although although IN cord-302082-aaokc182 133 17 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 133 18 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 133 19 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 133 20 especially especially RB cord-302082-aaokc182 133 21 hearing hear VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 133 22 loss loss NN cord-302082-aaokc182 133 23 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 133 24 remain remain VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 133 25 common common JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 133 26 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 134 1 Reactivation reactivation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 134 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 134 3 CMV CMV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 134 4 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 134 5 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 134 6 special special JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 134 7 concern concern NN cord-302082-aaokc182 134 8 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 134 9 immunocompromised immunocompromised JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 134 10 individuals individual NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 134 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 134 12 where where WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 134 13 severe severe JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 134 14 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 134 15 fatal fatal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 134 16 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 134 17 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 134 18 hepatic hepatic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 134 19 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 134 20 central central JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 134 21 nervous nervous JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 134 22 system system NN cord-302082-aaokc182 134 23 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 134 24 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 134 25 common common JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 134 26 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 135 1 Gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 135 2 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 135 3 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 135 4 retinitis retinitis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 135 5 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 135 6 common common JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 135 7 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 135 8 association association NN cord-302082-aaokc182 135 9 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 135 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 135 11 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 136 1 A a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 136 2 successful successful JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 136 3 CMV CMV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 136 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 136 5 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 136 6 proved prove VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 136 7 elusive elusive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 136 8 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 136 9 more more JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 136 10 than than IN cord-302082-aaokc182 136 11 30 30 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 136 12 years year NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 136 13 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 137 1 Based base VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 137 2 upon upon IN cord-302082-aaokc182 137 3 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 137 4 observation observation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 137 5 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 137 6 antibodies antibody NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 137 7 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 137 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 137 9 CMV CMV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 137 10 envelope envelope NN cord-302082-aaokc182 137 11 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 137 12 B B NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 137 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 137 14 gB gB NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 137 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 137 16 could could MD cord-302082-aaokc182 137 17 Pass pass VB cord-302082-aaokc182 137 18 et et FW cord-302082-aaokc182 137 19 al al NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 137 20 . . NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 137 21 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 137 22 1999 1999 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 137 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 137 24 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 138 1 A a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 138 2 recent recent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 138 3 Phase Phase NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 138 4 II ii CD cord-302082-aaokc182 138 5 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 138 6 trial trial NN cord-302082-aaokc182 138 7 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 138 8 CMV CMV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 138 9 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 138 10 seronegative seronegative JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 138 11 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 138 12 1 1 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 138 13 year year NN cord-302082-aaokc182 138 14 post post NN cord-302082-aaokc182 138 15 - - NN cord-302082-aaokc182 138 16 partum partum NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 138 17 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 138 18 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 138 19 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 138 20 potential potential NN cord-302082-aaokc182 138 21 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 138 22 gB gB NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 138 23 / / SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 138 24 MF59 MF59 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 138 25 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 138 26 decreasing decrease VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 138 27 incident incident NN cord-302082-aaokc182 138 28 cases case NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 138 29 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 138 30 maternal maternal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 138 31 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 138 32 congenital congenital JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 138 33 CMV CMV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 138 34 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 139 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 139 2 Pass pass VB cord-302082-aaokc182 139 3 et et FW cord-302082-aaokc182 139 4 al al NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 139 5 . . NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 139 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 139 7 2009 2009 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 139 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 139 9 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 140 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 140 2 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 140 3 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 140 4 first first JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 140 5 evidence evidence NN cord-302082-aaokc182 140 6 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 140 7 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 140 8 CMV CMV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 140 9 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 140 10 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 140 11 protect protect VB cord-302082-aaokc182 140 12 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 140 13 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 140 14 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 141 1 An an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 141 2 alternative alternative JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 141 3 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 141 4 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 141 5 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 141 6 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 141 7 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 141 8 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 141 9 CMV CMV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 141 10 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 141 11 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 141 12 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 141 13 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 141 14 utilise utilise VB cord-302082-aaokc182 141 15 DNA dna NN cord-302082-aaokc182 141 16 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 141 17 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 141 18 induce induce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 141 19 host host NN cord-302082-aaokc182 141 20 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 141 21 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 141 22 CMV CMV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 141 23 gB gB NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 141 24 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 141 25 phosphoprotein phosphoprotein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 141 26 65 65 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 142 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 142 2 pp65 pp65 RB cord-302082-aaokc182 142 3 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 142 4 another another DT cord-302082-aaokc182 142 5 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 142 6 target target NN cord-302082-aaokc182 142 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 142 8 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 143 1 Recent recent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 143 2 studies study NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 143 3 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 143 4 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 143 5 that that DT cord-302082-aaokc182 143 6 injection injection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 143 7 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 143 8 combinations combination NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 143 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 143 10 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 143 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 143 12 formulated formulate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 143 13 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 143 14 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 143 15 adjuvant adjuvant NN cord-302082-aaokc182 143 16 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 143 17 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 143 18 induce induce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 143 19 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 143 20 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 143 21 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 143 22 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 143 23 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 143 24 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 143 25 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 143 26 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 143 27 prime prime VB cord-302082-aaokc182 143 28 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 143 29 effective effective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 143 30 memory memory NN cord-302082-aaokc182 143 31 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 143 32 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 144 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 144 2 hallmark hallmark NN cord-302082-aaokc182 144 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 144 4 herpes herpes NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 144 5 simplex simplex NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 144 6 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 144 7 types type NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 144 8 1 1 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 144 9 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 144 10 2 2 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 144 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 144 12 HSV-1 hsv-1 NN cord-302082-aaokc182 144 13 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 144 14 HSV-2 HSV-2 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 144 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 144 16 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 144 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 144 18 ability ability NN cord-302082-aaokc182 144 19 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 144 20 establish establish VB cord-302082-aaokc182 144 21 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 144 22 maintain maintain VB cord-302082-aaokc182 144 23 latent latent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 144 24 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 144 25 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 144 26 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 144 27 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 144 28 exhaustive exhaustive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 144 29 but but CC cord-302082-aaokc182 144 30 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 144 31 intended intend VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 144 32 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 144 33 provide provide VB cord-302082-aaokc182 144 34 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 144 35 overview overview NN cord-302082-aaokc182 144 36 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 144 37 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 144 38 subject subject JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 144 39 matter matter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 144 40 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 145 1 sensory sensory JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 145 2 ganglion ganglion NN cord-302082-aaokc182 145 3 neurons neuron NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 145 4 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 146 1 Periodic periodic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 146 2 reactivation reactivation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 146 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 146 4 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 146 5 latent latent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 146 6 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 146 7 results result NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 146 8 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 146 9 recurrent recurrent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 146 10 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 146 11 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 147 1 Both both CC cord-302082-aaokc182 147 2 HSV-1 HSV-1 NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 147 3 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 147 4 HSV-2 HSV-2 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 147 5 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 147 6 cause cause VB cord-302082-aaokc182 147 7 myriad myriad JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 147 8 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 147 9 but but CC cord-302082-aaokc182 148 1 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 148 2 greatest great JJS cord-302082-aaokc182 148 3 public public JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 148 4 health health NN cord-302082-aaokc182 148 5 problem problem NN cord-302082-aaokc182 148 6 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 148 7 genital genital JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 148 8 herpes herpes NN cord-302082-aaokc182 148 9 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 149 1 Genital genital JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 149 2 HSV-2 hsv-2 JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 149 3 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 149 4 increases increase VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 149 5 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 149 6 risk risk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 149 7 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 149 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 149 9 acquisition acquisition NN cord-302082-aaokc182 149 10 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 149 11 transmission transmission NN cord-302082-aaokc182 149 12 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 149 13 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 149 14 control control NN cord-302082-aaokc182 149 15 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 149 16 genital genital JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 149 17 herpes herpe NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 149 18 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 149 19 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 149 20 predicted predict VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 149 21 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 149 22 significantly significantly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 149 23 impact impact VB cord-302082-aaokc182 149 24 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 149 25 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 149 26 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302082-aaokc182 149 27 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 150 1 Given give VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 150 2 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 150 3 complex complex JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 150 4 natural natural JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 150 5 history history NN cord-302082-aaokc182 150 6 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 150 7 HSV HSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 150 8 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 150 9 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 150 10 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 150 11 could could MD cord-302082-aaokc182 150 12 have have VB cord-302082-aaokc182 150 13 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 150 14 variety variety NN cord-302082-aaokc182 150 15 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 150 16 possible possible JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 150 17 risks risk NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 150 18 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 150 19 benefits benefit NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 150 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 150 21 Table Table NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 150 22 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 150 23 .10 .10 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 150 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 150 25 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 151 1 An an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 151 2 effective effective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 151 3 HSV HSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 151 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 151 5 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 151 6 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 151 7 sought seek VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 151 8 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 151 9 more more JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 151 10 than than IN cord-302082-aaokc182 151 11 80 80 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 151 12 years year NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 151 13 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 152 1 Recently recently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 152 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 152 3 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 152 4 HSV-2 HSV-2 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 152 5 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 152 6 D d NN cord-302082-aaokc182 152 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 152 8 gD2 gd2 FW cord-302082-aaokc182 152 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 152 10 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 152 11 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 152 12 containing contain VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 152 13 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 152 14 AS04 AS04 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 152 15 adjuvant adjuvant NN cord-302082-aaokc182 152 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 152 17 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 152 18 Chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 152 19 4 4 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 152 20 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 152 21 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 152 22 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 152 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 152 24 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 152 25 was be VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 152 26 tested test VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 152 27 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 152 28 three three CD cord-302082-aaokc182 152 29 large large JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 152 30 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 152 31 double double JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 152 32 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 152 33 blind blind JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 152 34 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 152 35 Phase Phase NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 152 36 III III NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 152 37 controlled control VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 152 38 trials trial NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 152 39 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 153 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 153 2 first first JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 153 3 two two CD cord-302082-aaokc182 153 4 studies study NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 153 5 recruited recruit VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 153 6 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 153 7 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 153 8 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 153 9 partner partner NN cord-302082-aaokc182 153 10 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 153 11 genital genital JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 153 12 herpes herpes NN cord-302082-aaokc182 153 13 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 153 14 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 153 15 found find VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 153 16 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 153 17 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 153 18 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 153 19 was be VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 153 20 73 73 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 153 21 % % NN cord-302082-aaokc182 153 22 effective effective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 153 23 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 153 24 genital genital JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 153 25 herpes herpes NN cord-302082-aaokc182 153 26 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 153 27 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 153 28 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 153 29 seronegative seronegative JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 153 30 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 153 31 both both CC cord-302082-aaokc182 153 32 HSV-1 HSV-1 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 153 33 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 154 1 HSV-2 HSV-2 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 154 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 154 3 Stanberry Stanberry NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 154 4 et et NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 154 5 al al NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 154 6 . . NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 154 7 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 154 8 2002 2002 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 154 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 154 10 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 155 1 Trends trend NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 155 2 towards towards IN cord-302082-aaokc182 155 3 protection protection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 155 4 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 155 5 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 155 6 were be VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 155 7 also also RB cord-302082-aaokc182 155 8 observed observe VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 155 9 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 155 10 but but CC cord-302082-aaokc182 155 11 were be VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 155 12 not not RB cord-302082-aaokc182 155 13 statistically statistically RB cord-302082-aaokc182 155 14 significant significant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 155 15 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 156 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 156 2 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 156 3 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 156 4 was be VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 156 5 not not RB cord-302082-aaokc182 156 6 effective effective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 156 7 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 156 8 HSV-1 hsv-1 NN cord-302082-aaokc182 156 9 seropositive seropositive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 156 10 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 156 11 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 156 12 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 156 13 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 156 14 _SP cord-302082-aaokc182 156 15 UNDERSTANDING understand VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 156 16 MODERN modern JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 156 17 VACCINES vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 156 18 men man NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 156 19 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 156 20 regardless regardless RB cord-302082-aaokc182 156 21 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 156 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 156 23 HSV HSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 156 24 seropositivity seropositivity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 156 25 status status NN cord-302082-aaokc182 156 26 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 157 1 These these DT cord-302082-aaokc182 157 2 were be VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 157 3 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 157 4 first first JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 157 5 studies study NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 157 6 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 157 7 report report VB cord-302082-aaokc182 157 8 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 157 9 significant significant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 157 10 difference difference NN cord-302082-aaokc182 157 11 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 157 12 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 157 13 efficacy efficacy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 157 14 between between IN cord-302082-aaokc182 157 15 men man NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 157 16 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 157 17 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 157 18 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 158 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 158 2 finding finding NN cord-302082-aaokc182 158 3 could could MD cord-302082-aaokc182 158 4 have have VB cord-302082-aaokc182 158 5 important important JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 158 6 implications implication NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 158 7 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 158 8 other other JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 158 9 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 158 10 targeting target VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 158 11 sexually sexually RB cord-302082-aaokc182 158 12 transmitted transmit VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 158 13 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 158 14 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 159 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 159 2 basis basis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 159 3 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 159 4 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 159 5 difference difference NN cord-302082-aaokc182 159 6 could could MD cord-302082-aaokc182 159 7 relate relate VB cord-302082-aaokc182 159 8 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 159 9 differences difference NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 159 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 159 11 how how WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 159 12 men man NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 159 13 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 159 14 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 159 15 respond respond VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 159 16 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 159 17 novel novel NN cord-302082-aaokc182 159 18 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 159 19 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 159 20 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 159 21 reflect reflect VB cord-302082-aaokc182 159 22 differences difference NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 159 23 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 159 24 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 159 25 acquisition acquisition NN cord-302082-aaokc182 159 26 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 159 27 natural natural JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 159 28 history history NN cord-302082-aaokc182 159 29 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 159 30 genital genital JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 159 31 herpes herpe NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 159 32 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 159 33 men man NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 159 34 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 159 35 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 159 36 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 160 1 A a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 160 2 third third JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 160 3 Phase Phase NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 160 4 III III NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 160 5 efficacy efficacy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 6 trial trial NN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 7 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 160 9 gD2 gd2 FW cord-302082-aaokc182 160 10 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 11 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 12 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 13 HSV-1 HSV-1 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 160 14 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 160 15 HSV-2 hsv-2 JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 160 16 negative negative JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 160 17 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 160 18 who who WP cord-302082-aaokc182 160 19 thought think VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 160 20 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 160 21 possibly possibly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 160 22 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 23 risk risk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 24 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 25 acquiring acquire VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 160 26 genital genital JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 160 27 herpes herpe NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 160 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 160 29 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 160 30 different different JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 160 31 risk risk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 32 population population NN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 33 than than IN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 34 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 35 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 160 36 original original JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 160 37 two two CD cord-302082-aaokc182 160 38 trials trial NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 160 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 160 40 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 160 41 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 42 completed complete VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 43 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 160 44 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 160 45 being be VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 160 46 analysed analyse VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 160 47 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 161 1 An an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 161 2 initial initial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 161 3 assessment assessment NN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 4 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 5 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 161 6 results result NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 161 7 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 161 9 third third JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 161 10 trial trial NN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 11 showed show VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 161 12 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 13 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 161 14 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 15 had have VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 161 16 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 161 17 acceptable acceptable JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 161 18 safety safety NN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 19 profile profile NN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 20 but but CC cord-302082-aaokc182 161 21 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 161 22 primary primary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 161 23 trial trial NN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 24 endpoint endpoint NN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 25 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 161 26 prevention prevention NN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 27 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 28 genital genital JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 161 29 herpes herpes NN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 30 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 31 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 161 32 was be VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 161 33 not not RB cord-302082-aaokc182 161 34 met meet VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 161 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 161 36 NIAID NIAID NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 161 37 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 161 38 2010 2010 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 161 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 161 40 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 162 1 Although although IN cord-302082-aaokc182 162 2 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 162 3 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 162 4 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 162 5 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 162 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 162 7 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 162 8 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 162 9 stopped stop VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 162 10 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 162 11 further further JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 162 12 analyses analysis NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 162 13 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 162 14 comparison comparison NN cord-302082-aaokc182 162 15 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 162 16 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 162 17 trials trial NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 162 18 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 162 19 guide guide VB cord-302082-aaokc182 162 20 researchers researcher NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 162 21 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 162 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 162 23 continue continue VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 162 24 seeking seek VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 162 25 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 162 26 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 162 27 control control VB cord-302082-aaokc182 162 28 HSV HSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 162 29 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 162 30 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 163 1 As as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 163 2 discussed discuss VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 163 3 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 163 4 Chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 163 5 2 2 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 163 6 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 163 7 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 163 8 immunology immunology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 163 9 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 163 10 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 163 11 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 163 12 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 163 13 complex complex JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 163 14 life life NN cord-302082-aaokc182 163 15 cycles cycle NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 163 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 164 1 One one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 164 2 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 164 3 example example NN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 4 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 164 5 parasites parasite NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 164 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 164 7 sometimes sometimes RB cord-302082-aaokc182 164 8 using use VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 164 9 more more JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 164 10 than than IN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 11 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 164 12 single single JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 164 13 host host NN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 14 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 164 15 where where WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 164 16 each each DT cord-302082-aaokc182 164 17 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 18 phase phase NN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 19 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 164 20 marked mark VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 21 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 22 differential differential JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 164 23 expression expression NN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 24 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 25 major major JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 164 26 proteins protein NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 164 27 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 164 28 meaning mean VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 164 29 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 30 possible possible JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 164 31 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 32 targets target NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 164 33 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 164 34 host host NN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 35 - - : cord-302082-aaokc182 164 36 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 164 37 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 38 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 164 39 phase phase NN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 40 specific specific NN cord-302082-aaokc182 164 41 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 165 1 Taenid Taenid NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 165 2 worms worm NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 165 3 aside aside RB cord-302082-aaokc182 166 1 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 166 2 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 166 3 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 166 4 parasites parasite NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 166 5 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 166 6 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 166 7 extremely extremely RB cord-302082-aaokc182 166 8 difficult difficult JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 166 9 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 166 10 develop develop VB cord-302082-aaokc182 166 11 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 166 12 only only RB cord-302082-aaokc182 166 13 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 166 14 limited limited JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 166 15 number number NN cord-302082-aaokc182 166 16 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 166 17 performed perform VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 166 18 well well RB cord-302082-aaokc182 166 19 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 166 20 later later JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 166 21 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 166 22 stage stage NN cord-302082-aaokc182 166 23 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 166 24 trials trial NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 166 25 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 167 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 167 2 protozoan protozoan NN cord-302082-aaokc182 167 3 parasite parasite VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 167 4 Plasmodium plasmodium NN cord-302082-aaokc182 167 5 falciparum falciparum NN cord-302082-aaokc182 167 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 167 7 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 167 8 most most RBS cord-302082-aaokc182 167 9 common common JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 167 10 cause cause NN cord-302082-aaokc182 167 11 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 167 12 malaria malaria NN cord-302082-aaokc182 167 13 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 167 14 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 167 15 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 167 16 complex complex JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 167 17 life life NN cord-302082-aaokc182 167 18 cycle cycle NN cord-302082-aaokc182 167 19 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 167 20 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 167 21 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 167 22 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 167 23 Figure Figure NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 167 24 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 167 25 .7 .7 NFP cord-302082-aaokc182 167 26 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 168 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 168 2 Plasmodium Plasmodium NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 168 3 parasite parasite NN cord-302082-aaokc182 168 4 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 168 5 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 168 6 genome genome NN cord-302082-aaokc182 168 7 encoding encode VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 168 8 more more JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 168 9 than than IN cord-302082-aaokc182 168 10 5000 5000 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 168 11 proteins protein NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 168 12 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 168 13 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 168 14 presents present VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 168 15 different different JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 168 16 allelic allelic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 168 17 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 168 18 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 168 19 Table Table NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 168 20 7 7 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 168 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 168 22 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 169 1 One one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 169 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 169 3 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 169 4 furthest furthest RBS cord-302082-aaokc182 169 5 advanced advanced JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 169 6 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 169 7 these these DT cord-302082-aaokc182 169 8 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 169 9 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 169 10 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 169 11 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 169 12 RTS RTS NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 169 13 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 169 14 S S NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 169 15 / / SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 169 16 AS01 AS01 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 169 17 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 170 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 170 2 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 170 3 targets target VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 170 4 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 170 5 pre pre JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 170 6 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 170 7 erythrocytic erythrocytic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 170 8 stage stage NN cord-302082-aaokc182 170 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 170 10 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 170 11 parasite parasite NN cord-302082-aaokc182 170 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 170 13 Figure figure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 170 14 6.7 6.7 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 170 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 170 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 171 1 To to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 171 2 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 171 3 protective protective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 171 4 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 171 5 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 171 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 7 targeted target VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 8 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 9 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 171 10 phase phase NN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 11 needs need VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 171 12 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 171 13 induce induce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 171 14 humoral humoral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 171 15 immunity immunity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 16 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 171 17 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 171 18 prevent prevent VB cord-302082-aaokc182 171 19 parasites parasite NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 171 20 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 21 invading invade VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 171 22 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 171 23 liver liver NN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 24 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 171 25 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 171 26 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 27 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 171 28 mediated mediate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 29 immunity immunity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 30 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 171 31 destroy destroy VB cord-302082-aaokc182 171 32 hepatocytes hepatocyte NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 171 33 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 171 34 become become VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 171 35 infected infect VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 36 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 37 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 171 38 face face NN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 39 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 40 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 171 41 humoral humoral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 171 42 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 171 43 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 171 44 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 172 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 172 2 RTS RTS NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 172 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 172 4 S S NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 172 5 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 172 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 172 7 produced produce VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 172 8 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 172 9 Saccharomyces Saccharomyces NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 172 10 cerevisiae cerevisiae NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 172 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 172 12 contains contain VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 172 13 sequences sequence NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 172 14 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 172 15 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 172 16 P. P. NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 172 17 falciparum falciparum NN cord-302082-aaokc182 172 18 circumsporozoite circumsporozoite JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 172 19 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 172 20 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 172 21 linked link VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 172 22 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 172 23 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 172 24 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 172 25 B B NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 172 26 surface surface NN cord-302082-aaokc182 172 27 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 172 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 172 29 HBsAg hbsag ADD cord-302082-aaokc182 172 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 172 31 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 173 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 173 2 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 173 3 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 173 4 spontaneously spontaneously RB cord-302082-aaokc182 173 5 assembles assemble VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 173 6 into into IN cord-302082-aaokc182 173 7 mixed mixed JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 173 8 polymeric polymeric JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 173 9 particulate particulate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 173 10 structures structure NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 173 11 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 174 1 In in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 174 2 Phase Phase NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 174 3 II II NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 174 4 studies study NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 174 5 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 174 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 174 7 RTS RTS NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 174 8 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 174 9 S S NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 174 10 / / SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 174 11 AS01 AS01 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 174 12 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 174 13 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 174 14 induced induce VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 174 15 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 174 16 strong strong JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 174 17 neutralising neutralise VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 174 18 antibody antibody NN cord-302082-aaokc182 174 19 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 174 20 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 174 21 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 174 22 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 174 23 mediated mediate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 174 24 immunity immunity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 174 25 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 174 26 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 174 27 afforded afford VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 174 28 protection protection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 174 29 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 174 30 malaria malaria NN cord-302082-aaokc182 175 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 175 2 Bejon Bejon NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 175 3 et et NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 175 4 al al NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 175 5 . . NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 175 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 175 7 2008 2008 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 176 1 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 176 2 Abdulla Abdulla NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 176 3 et et NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 176 4 al al NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 176 5 . . NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 176 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 176 7 2008 2008 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 176 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 176 9 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 177 1 RTS RTS NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 177 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 178 1 S S NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 178 2 / / SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 178 3 AS01 AS01 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 178 4 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 178 5 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 178 6 selected select VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 178 7 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 178 8 proceed proceed VB cord-302082-aaokc182 178 9 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 178 10 Phase Phase NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 178 11 III iii CD cord-302082-aaokc182 178 12 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 178 13 testing testing NN cord-302082-aaokc182 178 14 due due IN cord-302082-aaokc182 178 15 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 178 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 178 17 higher high JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 178 18 efficacy efficacy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 178 19 compared compare VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 178 20 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 178 21 alternative alternative JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 178 22 formulations formulation NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 178 23 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 179 1 If if IN cord-302082-aaokc182 179 2 successful successful JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 179 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 179 4 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 179 5 RTS RTS NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 179 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 179 7 S S NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 179 8 / / SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 179 9 AS01 AS01 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 179 10 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 179 11 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 179 12 could could MD cord-302082-aaokc182 179 13 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 179 14 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 179 15 first first JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 179 16 licensed licensed JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 179 17 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 179 18 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 179 19 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 179 20 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 179 21 parasite parasite NN cord-302082-aaokc182 179 22 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 180 1 Other other JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 180 2 malaria malaria NN cord-302082-aaokc182 180 3 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 180 4 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 180 5 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 180 6 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 180 7 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 180 8 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 180 9 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 180 10 Appendices Appendices NNPS cord-302082-aaokc182 180 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 180 12 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 180 13 Table Table NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 180 14 7 7 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 180 15 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 181 1 Pathogens pathogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 181 2 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 181 3 mutate mutate VB cord-302082-aaokc182 181 4 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 181 5 recombine recombine VB cord-302082-aaokc182 181 6 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 181 7 change change VB cord-302082-aaokc182 181 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 181 9 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 181 10 profile profile NN cord-302082-aaokc182 181 11 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 182 1 Antigenic antigenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 182 2 drift drift NN cord-302082-aaokc182 182 3 refers refer VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 182 4 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 182 5 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 182 6 gradual gradual JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 182 7 process process NN cord-302082-aaokc182 182 8 whereby whereby WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 182 9 point point NN cord-302082-aaokc182 182 10 mutations mutation NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 182 11 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 182 12 genes gene NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 182 13 encoding encode VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 182 14 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 182 15 proteins protein NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 182 16 change change VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 182 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 182 18 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 182 19 sufficiently sufficiently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 182 20 so so IN cord-302082-aaokc182 182 21 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 182 22 over over IN cord-302082-aaokc182 182 23 time time NN cord-302082-aaokc182 182 24 previously previously RB cord-302082-aaokc182 182 25 effective effective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 182 26 antibodies antibody NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 182 27 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 182 28 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 182 29 no no RB cord-302082-aaokc182 182 30 longer long RBR cord-302082-aaokc182 182 31 effectively effectively RB cord-302082-aaokc182 182 32 control control VB cord-302082-aaokc182 182 33 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 182 34 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 182 35 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 182 36 hence hence RB cord-302082-aaokc182 182 37 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 182 38 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 183 1 need need VB cord-302082-aaokc182 183 2 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 183 3 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 183 4 created create VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 183 5 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 184 1 Antigenic antigenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 184 2 shift shift NN cord-302082-aaokc182 184 3 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 184 4 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 184 5 more more RBR cord-302082-aaokc182 184 6 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 184 7 event event NN cord-302082-aaokc182 184 8 where where WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 184 9 there there EX cord-302082-aaokc182 184 10 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 184 11 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 184 12 recombination recombination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 184 13 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 184 14 genes gene NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 184 15 between between IN cord-302082-aaokc182 184 16 different different JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 184 17 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 184 18 strains strain NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 184 19 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 184 20 gives give VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 184 21 rise rise NN cord-302082-aaokc182 184 22 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 184 23 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 184 24 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 184 25 strain strain NN cord-302082-aaokc182 184 26 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 184 27 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 184 28 unique unique JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 184 29 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 184 30 profile profile NN cord-302082-aaokc182 184 31 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 185 1 In in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 185 2 theory theory NN cord-302082-aaokc182 185 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 185 4 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 185 5 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 185 6 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 185 7 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 185 8 selective selective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 185 9 pressure pressure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 185 10 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 185 11 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 185 12 immunological immunological JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 185 13 environment environment NN cord-302082-aaokc182 185 14 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 185 15 provides provide VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 185 16 strong strong JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 185 17 selective selective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 185 18 pressures pressure NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 185 19 should should MD cord-302082-aaokc182 185 20 provide provide VB cord-302082-aaokc182 185 21 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 185 22 ' ' `` cord-302082-aaokc182 185 23 bottleneck bottleneck NN cord-302082-aaokc182 185 24 ' ' '' cord-302082-aaokc182 185 25 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 185 26 drives drive VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 185 27 selection selection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 185 28 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 186 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 186 2 occurs occur VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 186 3 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 186 4 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 186 5 viruses virus NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 186 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 186 7 where where WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 186 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 186 9 high high JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 186 10 mutation mutation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 186 11 frequency frequency NN cord-302082-aaokc182 186 12 allows allow VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 186 13 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 186 14 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 186 15 selection selection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 186 16 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 186 17 mutants mutant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 186 18 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 186 19 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 186 20 not not RB cord-302082-aaokc182 186 21 neutralised neutralise VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 186 22 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 187 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 187 2 risk risk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 187 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 187 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 187 5 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 187 6 mediated mediate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 187 7 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 187 8 selection selection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 187 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 187 10 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 187 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 187 12 though though IN cord-302082-aaokc182 187 13 certainly certainly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 187 14 present present JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 187 15 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 187 16 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 187 17 difficult difficult JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 187 18 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 187 19 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-302082-aaokc182 187 20 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 188 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-302082-aaokc182 188 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 188 3 peptide peptide JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 188 4 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 188 5 only only RB cord-302082-aaokc182 188 6 use use VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 188 7 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 188 8 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 188 9 epitope epitope NN cord-302082-aaokc182 188 10 so so IN cord-302082-aaokc182 188 11 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 188 12 risk risk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 188 13 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 188 14 pathogen pathogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 188 15 evolution evolution NN cord-302082-aaokc182 188 16 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 188 17 theoretically theoretically RB cord-302082-aaokc182 188 18 increased increase VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 188 19 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 189 1 However however RB cord-302082-aaokc182 189 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 189 3 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 189 4 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-302082-aaokc182 189 5 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 189 6 not not RB cord-302082-aaokc182 189 7 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 189 8 regularly regularly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 189 9 observed observe VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 189 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 189 11 experimental experimental JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 189 12 studies study NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 189 13 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 189 14 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 189 15 reflect reflect VB cord-302082-aaokc182 189 16 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 189 17 complex complex JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 189 18 nature nature NN cord-302082-aaokc182 189 19 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 189 20 most most JJS cord-302082-aaokc182 189 21 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 189 22 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 189 23 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 189 24 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 189 25 presence presence NN cord-302082-aaokc182 189 26 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 189 27 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 189 28 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 189 29 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 189 30 multiple multiple JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 189 31 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 189 32 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 189 33 multiple multiple JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 189 34 epitopes epitope NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 189 35 within within IN cord-302082-aaokc182 189 36 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 189 37 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 190 1 Serotype Serotype NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 190 2 replacement replacement NN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 190 4 where where WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 190 5 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 190 6 distribution distribution NN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 7 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 8 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 190 9 microbial microbial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 190 10 serotypes serotypes NN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 11 within within IN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 12 communities community NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 190 13 changes change NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 190 14 after after IN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 15 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 190 16 introduction introduction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 17 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 18 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 190 19 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 190 20 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 190 21 occurred occur VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 22 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 23 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 190 24 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 190 25 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 190 26 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 190 27 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 190 28 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 190 29 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 190 30 consequence consequence NN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 31 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 32 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 190 33 use use NN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 34 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 35 capsular capsular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 190 36 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 190 37 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 190 38 address address VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 190 39 only only RB cord-302082-aaokc182 190 40 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 190 41 limited limited JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 190 42 number number NN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 43 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 190 44 serotypes serotype NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 190 45 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 191 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 191 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 191 3 since since IN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 191 5 introduction introduction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 6 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 7 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 191 8 1940s 1940 NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 191 9 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 191 10 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 191 11 use use NN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 12 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 13 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 191 14 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 191 15 exerted exert VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 16 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 191 17 selective selective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 191 18 pressure pressure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 19 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 20 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 191 21 strains strain NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 191 22 leading lead VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 191 23 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 24 selection selection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 25 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 26 common common JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 191 27 resistance resistance NN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 28 alleles allele NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 191 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 191 30 eg eg IN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 31 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 191 32 extended extend VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 33 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 191 34 spectrum spectrum NN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 35 beta beta NN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 36 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 191 37 lactamase lactamase NN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 191 39 ESBL ESBL NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 191 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 191 41 resistance resistance NN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 42 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 43 enteric enteric JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 191 44 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 191 45 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 191 46 beta beta NN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 47 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 191 48 lactamase lactamase NN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 49 resistance resistance NN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 50 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 191 51 gonococci gonococci NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 191 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 191 53 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 192 1 To to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 2 date date NN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 192 4 there there EX cord-302082-aaokc182 192 5 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 192 6 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 7 no no DT cord-302082-aaokc182 192 8 requirement requirement NN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 9 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 192 10 remodel remodel VB cord-302082-aaokc182 192 11 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 192 12 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 13 because because IN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 14 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 15 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 16 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 192 17 mediated mediate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 18 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 192 19 escape escape NN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 20 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 192 21 however however RB cord-302082-aaokc182 192 22 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 192 23 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 192 24 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 192 25 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 26 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 192 27 pneumococcus pneumococcus NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 192 28 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 192 29 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 30 licensed license VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 31 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 192 32 including include VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 192 33 additional additional JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 192 34 capsular capsular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 192 35 types type NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 192 36 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 192 37 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 192 38 expand expand VB cord-302082-aaokc182 192 39 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 192 40 geographical geographical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 192 41 coverage coverage NN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 42 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 43 most most JJS cord-302082-aaokc182 192 44 frequent frequent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 192 45 types type NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 192 46 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 192 47 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 192 48 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 49 part part NN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 50 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 192 51 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 192 52 counter counter VB cord-302082-aaokc182 192 53 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 192 54 observed observed JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 192 55 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 56 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 57 serotype serotype NN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 58 replacement replacement NN cord-302082-aaokc182 192 59 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 193 1 Annual annual JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 193 2 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 193 3 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 193 4 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 193 5 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 193 6 subject subject JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 193 7 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 193 8 natural natural JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 193 9 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 193 10 drift drift NN cord-302082-aaokc182 193 11 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 193 12 requires require VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 193 13 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 193 14 reformulation reformulation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 193 15 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 193 16 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 193 17 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 193 18 when when WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 193 19 drifts drift NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 193 20 occur occur VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 193 21 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 193 22 but but CC cord-302082-aaokc182 193 23 there there EX cord-302082-aaokc182 193 24 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 193 25 no no DT cord-302082-aaokc182 193 26 evidence evidence NN cord-302082-aaokc182 193 27 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 193 28 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 193 29 deployment deployment NN cord-302082-aaokc182 193 30 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 193 31 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 193 32 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 193 33 accelerates accelerate VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 193 34 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 193 35 drift drift NN cord-302082-aaokc182 193 36 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 194 1 Antigenic antigenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 194 2 shift shift NN cord-302082-aaokc182 194 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 194 4 while while IN cord-302082-aaokc182 194 5 not not RB cord-302082-aaokc182 194 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 194 7 result result NN cord-302082-aaokc182 194 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 194 9 selective selective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 194 10 pressure pressure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 194 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 194 12 gives give VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 194 13 rise rise NN cord-302082-aaokc182 194 14 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 194 15 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 194 16 strains strain NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 194 17 containing contain VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 194 18 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 194 19 mixture mixture NN cord-302082-aaokc182 194 20 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 194 21 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 194 22 surface surface NN cord-302082-aaokc182 194 23 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 194 24 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 194 25 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 194 26 parent parent NN cord-302082-aaokc182 194 27 strains strain NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 194 28 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 195 1 Pathogens pathogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 195 2 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 195 3 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 195 4 undergo undergo VB cord-302082-aaokc182 195 5 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 195 6 shift shift NN cord-302082-aaokc182 195 7 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 195 8 including include VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 195 9 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 195 10 viruses virus NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 195 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 195 12 Figure figure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 195 13 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 195 14 .8 .8 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 195 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 195 16 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 195 17 present present JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 195 18 major major JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 195 19 challenges challenge NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 195 20 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 195 21 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 195 22 developers developer NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 195 23 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 196 1 Chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 2 4 4 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 196 3 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 4 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 5 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 196 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 196 7 there there EX cord-302082-aaokc182 196 8 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 196 9 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 10 progress progress NN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 11 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 12 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 196 13 Another another DT cord-302082-aaokc182 196 14 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 15 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 16 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 196 17 problem problem NN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 18 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 19 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 20 genome genome NN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 21 shifts shift NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 196 22 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 196 23 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 24 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 196 25 target target VB cord-302082-aaokc182 196 26 weakly weakly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 196 27 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 196 28 conserved conserved JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 196 29 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 196 30 such such JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 196 31 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 32 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 196 33 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 34 M2e M2e VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 196 35 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 196 36 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 197 1 One one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 197 2 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 197 3 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 197 4 addressing address VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 197 5 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 197 6 weak weak JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 197 7 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 197 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 197 9 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 197 10 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 197 11 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 197 12 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 197 13 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 197 14 link link VB cord-302082-aaokc182 197 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 197 16 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 197 17 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 197 18 potent potent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 197 19 Toll toll NN cord-302082-aaokc182 197 20 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 197 21 like like JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 197 22 receptor receptor NN cord-302082-aaokc182 197 23 adjuvant adjuvant NN cord-302082-aaokc182 197 24 such such JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 197 25 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 197 26 flagellin flagellin NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 197 27 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 197 28 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 197 29 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 197 30 developed develop VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 197 31 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 197 32 VaxInnate VaxInnate NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 197 33 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 198 1 During during IN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 2 primary primary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 198 3 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 4 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 5 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 198 6 single single JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 198 7 individual individual NN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 8 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 198 10 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 198 11 mutations mutation NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 198 12 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 13 surface surface NN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 14 proteins protein NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 198 15 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 16 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 198 17 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 18 lead lead NN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 19 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 20 selection selection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 21 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 22 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 198 23 ' ' `` cord-302082-aaokc182 198 24 cloud cloud NN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 25 ' ' '' cord-302082-aaokc182 198 26 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 27 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 198 28 variants variant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 198 29 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 198 30 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 198 31 evade evade VB cord-302082-aaokc182 198 32 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 198 33 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 34 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 198 35 mediated mediate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 36 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 198 37 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 198 38 complicating complicate VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 198 39 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 198 40 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 41 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 198 42 broadly broadly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 198 43 effective effective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 198 44 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 198 45 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 199 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 199 2 propensity propensity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 199 3 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 199 4 mutation mutation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 199 5 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 199 6 given give VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 199 7 rise rise NN cord-302082-aaokc182 199 8 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 199 9 many many JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 199 10 strains strain NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 199 11 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 199 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 199 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 199 14 Figure figure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 199 15 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 199 16 .9 .9 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 199 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 199 18 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 200 1 Two two CD cord-302082-aaokc182 200 2 types type NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 200 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 200 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 200 5 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 200 6 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 200 7 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 200 8 HIV-2 HIV-2 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 200 9 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 200 10 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 200 11 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 200 12 identified identify VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 200 13 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 200 14 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 200 15 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 200 16 being be VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 200 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 200 18 most most RBS cord-302082-aaokc182 200 19 common common JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 200 20 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 201 1 On on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 201 2 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 201 3 global global JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 201 4 scale scale NN cord-302082-aaokc182 201 5 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 201 6 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 201 7 strains strain NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 201 8 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 201 9 differentiated differentiate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 201 10 according accord VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 201 11 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 201 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 201 13 respective respective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 201 14 group group NN cord-302082-aaokc182 201 15 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 201 16 subtypes subtype NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 201 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 201 18 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 201 19 ' ' `` cord-302082-aaokc182 201 20 clades clade NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 201 21 ' ' '' cord-302082-aaokc182 201 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 202 1 within within IN cord-302082-aaokc182 202 2 groups group NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 202 3 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 203 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 203 2 amino amino NN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 3 acid acid NN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 4 sequence sequence NN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 5 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 203 7 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 203 8 envelope envelope NN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 9 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 10 gp120 gp120 NN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 11 shows show VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 203 12 25e35 25e35 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 203 13 % % NN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 14 divergence divergence NN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 15 between between IN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 16 clades clade NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 203 17 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 203 18 up up IN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 19 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 203 20 20 20 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 203 21 % % NN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 22 divergence divergence NN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 23 within within IN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 24 any any DT cord-302082-aaokc182 203 25 given give VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 26 clade clade NN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 27 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 203 28 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 203 29 constitutes constitute VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 203 30 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 203 31 formidable formidable JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 203 32 hurdle hurdle NN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 33 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 34 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 35 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 203 36 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 204 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 204 2 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 204 3 made make VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 204 4 worse bad JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 204 5 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 204 6 recombination recombination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 204 7 between between IN cord-302082-aaokc182 204 8 clades clade NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 204 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 204 10 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 204 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 204 12 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 204 13 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 204 14 produced produce VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 204 15 circulating circulate VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 204 16 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 204 17 forms form NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 204 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 204 19 CRFs CRFs NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 204 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 204 21 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 204 22 differ differ VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 204 23 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 204 24 antigenicity antigenicity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 204 25 depending depend VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 204 26 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 204 27 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 204 28 geographical geographical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 204 29 region region NN cord-302082-aaokc182 204 30 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 204 31 _SP cord-302082-aaokc182 205 1 Since since IN cord-302082-aaokc182 205 2 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 205 3 initiation initiation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 205 4 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 205 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 205 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 205 7 programmes programme NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 205 8 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 205 9 more more JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 205 10 than than IN cord-302082-aaokc182 205 11 30 30 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 205 12 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 205 13 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 205 14 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 205 15 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 205 16 tested test VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 205 17 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 205 18 over over IN cord-302082-aaokc182 205 19 80 80 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 205 20 Phase phase NN cord-302082-aaokc182 205 21 I I NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 205 22 / / SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 205 23 II II NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 205 24 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 205 25 trials trial NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 205 26 involving involve VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 205 27 more more JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 205 28 than than IN cord-302082-aaokc182 205 29 10,000 10,000 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 205 30 healthy healthy JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 205 31 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 205 32 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 205 33 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 206 1 Regrettably regrettably RB cord-302082-aaokc182 206 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 206 3 all all DT cord-302082-aaokc182 206 4 attempts attempt NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 206 5 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 206 6 date date NN cord-302082-aaokc182 206 7 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 206 8 failed fail VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 206 9 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 206 10 yield yield VB cord-302082-aaokc182 206 11 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 206 12 licensed licensed JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 206 13 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 206 14 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 206 15 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 207 1 Questions question NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 207 2 remain remain VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 207 3 concerning concern VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 207 4 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 207 5 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 207 6 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 207 7 behind behind IN cord-302082-aaokc182 207 8 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 207 9 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 207 10 achieve achieve VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 207 11 partial partial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 207 12 protection protection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 207 13 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 208 1 Regardless regardless RB cord-302082-aaokc182 208 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 208 3 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 208 4 unknowns unknown NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 208 5 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 208 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 208 7 ability ability NN cord-302082-aaokc182 208 8 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 208 9 prevent prevent VB cord-302082-aaokc182 208 10 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 208 11 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 208 12 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 208 13 least least JJS cord-302082-aaokc182 208 14 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 208 15 individuals individual NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 208 16 still still RB cord-302082-aaokc182 208 17 offers offer VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 208 18 real real JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 208 19 hope hope NN cord-302082-aaokc182 208 20 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 208 21 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 208 22 globally globally RB cord-302082-aaokc182 208 23 effective effective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 208 24 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 208 25 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 208 26 might may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 208 27 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 208 28 possible possible JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 208 29 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 209 1 Current current JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 209 2 research research NN cord-302082-aaokc182 209 3 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 209 4 comparing compare VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 209 5 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 209 6 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 209 7 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 209 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 209 9 subjects subject NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 209 10 who who WP cord-302082-aaokc182 209 11 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 209 12 naturally naturally RB cord-302082-aaokc182 209 13 protected protect VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 209 14 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 209 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 209 16 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 209 17 those those DT cord-302082-aaokc182 209 18 who who WP cord-302082-aaokc182 209 19 were be VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 209 20 infected infect VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 209 21 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 209 22 seeking seek VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 209 23 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 209 24 find find VB cord-302082-aaokc182 209 25 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 209 26 elusive elusive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 209 27 immunological immunological JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 209 28 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 209 29 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 209 30 protection protection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 209 31 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 209 32 help help VB cord-302082-aaokc182 209 33 guide guide VB cord-302082-aaokc182 209 34 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 209 35 design design NN cord-302082-aaokc182 209 36 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 209 37 future future JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 209 38 T t NN cord-302082-aaokc182 209 39 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 209 40 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 209 41 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 209 42 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 209 43 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 209 44 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 209 45 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 210 1 Infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 210 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 210 3 group group NN cord-302082-aaokc182 210 4 A a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 210 5 streptococcal streptococcal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 210 6 serotypes serotype NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 210 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 210 8 ie ie FW cord-302082-aaokc182 210 9 Streptococcus Streptococcus NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 210 10 pyogenes pyogene NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 210 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 210 12 account account VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 210 13 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 210 14 approximately approximately RB cord-302082-aaokc182 210 15 85 85 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 210 16 % % NN cord-302082-aaokc182 210 17 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 210 18 cases case NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 210 19 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 210 20 _SP cord-302082-aaokc182 210 21 uncomplicated uncomplicated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 210 22 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 210 23 pharyngitis pharyngitis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 210 24 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 210 25 streptococcal streptococcal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 210 26 invasive invasive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 210 27 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 210 28 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 210 29 North North NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 210 30 America America NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 210 31 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 211 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 211 2 M M NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 211 3 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 211 4 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 211 5 group group NN cord-302082-aaokc182 211 6 A a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 211 7 streptococci streptococcus NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 211 8 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 211 9 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 211 10 major major JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 211 11 virulence virulence NN cord-302082-aaokc182 211 12 determinant determinant NN cord-302082-aaokc182 211 13 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 211 14 these these DT cord-302082-aaokc182 211 15 organisms organism NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 211 16 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 211 17 also also RB cord-302082-aaokc182 211 18 functions function VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 211 19 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 211 20 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 211 21 major major JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 211 22 target target NN cord-302082-aaokc182 211 23 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 211 24 protective protective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 211 25 antibodies antibody NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 211 26 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 212 1 One one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 212 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 212 3 several several JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 212 4 strategies strategy NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 212 5 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 212 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 212 7 prevention prevention NN cord-302082-aaokc182 212 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 212 9 these these DT cord-302082-aaokc182 212 10 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 212 11 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 212 12 based base VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 212 13 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 212 14 type type NN cord-302082-aaokc182 212 15 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 212 16 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 212 17 M M NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 212 18 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 212 19 epitopes epitope NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 212 20 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 213 1 However however RB cord-302082-aaokc182 213 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 213 3 group group NN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 4 A a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 213 5 streptococcal streptococcal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 213 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 7 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 8 faces face VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 213 9 many many JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 213 10 obstacles obstacle NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 213 11 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 213 12 i i LS cord-302082-aaokc182 213 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 213 14 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 213 15 widespread widespread JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 213 16 diversity diversity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 17 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 18 circulating circulate VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 213 19 M M NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 213 20 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 21 types type NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 213 22 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 213 23 ii ii LS cord-302082-aaokc182 213 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 213 25 immunological immunological JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 213 26 cross cross NN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 27 - - NN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 28 reactivity reactivity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 29 between between IN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 30 epitopes epitope NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 213 31 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 32 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 213 33 M M NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 213 34 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 35 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 213 36 several several JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 213 37 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 213 38 tissues tissue NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 213 39 introducing introduce VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 213 40 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 213 41 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 213 42 risk risk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 43 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 213 44 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 213 45 iii iii LS cord-302082-aaokc182 213 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 213 47 animal animal NN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 48 models model NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 213 49 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 213 50 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 51 limited limited JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 213 52 value value NN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 53 because because IN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 54 humans human NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 213 55 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 213 56 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 213 57 only only JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 213 58 hosts host NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 213 59 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 60 group group NN cord-302082-aaokc182 213 61 A a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 213 62 streptococci streptococcus NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 213 63 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 214 1 In in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 2 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 214 3 attempt attempt NN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 4 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 214 5 partially partially RB cord-302082-aaokc182 214 6 overcome overcome VB cord-302082-aaokc182 214 7 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 214 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 9 these these DT cord-302082-aaokc182 214 10 obstacles obstacle NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 214 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 214 12 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 214 13 design design NN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 14 strategy strategy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 15 akin akin JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 214 16 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 17 that that DT cord-302082-aaokc182 214 18 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 19 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 214 20 pneumococcal pneumococcal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 214 21 polysaccharide polysaccharide NN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 22 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 214 23 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 214 24 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 25 employed employ VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 26 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 214 27 generate generate VB cord-302082-aaokc182 214 28 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 214 29 group group NN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 30 A a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 214 31 streptococci streptococcus NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 214 32 multivalent multivalent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 214 33 M M NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 214 34 protein protein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 35 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 214 36 based base VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 37 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 38 containing contain VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 214 39 type type NN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 40 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 214 41 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 214 42 determinants determinant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 214 43 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 214 44 26 26 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 214 45 different different JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 214 46 M M NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 214 47 serotypes serotype NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 214 48 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 215 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 215 2 multivalent multivalent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 215 3 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 215 4 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 215 5 currently currently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 215 6 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 215 7 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 215 8 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 215 9 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 216 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 216 2 ' ' `` cord-302082-aaokc182 216 3 prime prime JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 216 4 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 216 5 boost boost NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 6 ' ' '' cord-302082-aaokc182 216 7 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 8 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 216 9 term term NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 10 ' ' `` cord-302082-aaokc182 216 11 prime prime JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 216 12 boost boost NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 13 ' ' '' cord-302082-aaokc182 216 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 216 15 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 216 16 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 216 17 boosting boosting NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 216 19 describes describe VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 216 20 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 216 21 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 22 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 23 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 24 where where WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 216 25 one one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 216 26 type type NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 27 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 28 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 29 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 216 30 such such JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 216 31 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 32 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 216 33 live live JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 216 34 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 216 35 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 36 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 37 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 216 38 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 216 39 administered administer VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 40 followed follow VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 41 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 42 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 216 43 second second JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 216 44 type type NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 45 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 46 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 47 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 216 48 such such JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 216 49 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 50 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 216 51 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 216 52 subunit subunit NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 53 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 216 54 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 217 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 217 2 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 217 3 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 217 4 contrast contrast NN cord-302082-aaokc182 217 5 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 217 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 217 7 traditional traditional JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 217 8 method method NN cord-302082-aaokc182 217 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 217 10 homologous homologous JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 217 11 boosting boosting NN cord-302082-aaokc182 217 12 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 217 13 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 217 14 two two CD cord-302082-aaokc182 217 15 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 217 16 more more JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 217 17 doses dose NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 217 18 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 217 19 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 217 20 same same JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 217 21 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 217 22 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 217 23 given give VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 217 24 successively successively RB cord-302082-aaokc182 217 25 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 218 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 218 2 intent intent NN cord-302082-aaokc182 218 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 218 4 prime prime JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 218 5 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 218 6 boost boost NN cord-302082-aaokc182 218 7 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 218 8 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 218 9 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 218 10 induce induce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 218 11 different different JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 218 12 types type NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 218 13 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 218 14 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 218 15 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 218 16 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 218 17 enhance enhance VB cord-302082-aaokc182 218 18 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 218 19 overall overall JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 218 20 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 218 21 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 218 22 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 218 23 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 218 24 result result NN cord-302082-aaokc182 218 25 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 218 26 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 218 27 not not RB cord-302082-aaokc182 218 28 occur occur VB cord-302082-aaokc182 218 29 if if IN cord-302082-aaokc182 218 30 only only RB cord-302082-aaokc182 218 31 one one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 218 32 type type NN cord-302082-aaokc182 218 33 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 218 34 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 218 35 were be VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 218 36 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 218 37 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 218 38 given give VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 218 39 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 218 40 all all DT cord-302082-aaokc182 218 41 doses dose NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 218 42 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 219 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 219 2 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 219 3 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 219 4 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 219 5 employed employ VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 219 6 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 219 7 trials trial NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 219 8 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 219 9 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 219 10 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 219 11 example example NN cord-302082-aaokc182 219 12 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 219 13 TB TB NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 219 14 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 219 15 CMV CMV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 219 16 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 219 17 malaria malaria NN cord-302082-aaokc182 219 18 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 219 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 219 20 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 219 21 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 219 22 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 220 1 For for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 220 2 example example NN cord-302082-aaokc182 220 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 220 4 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 220 5 studies study NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 220 6 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 220 7 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 220 8 TB TB NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 220 9 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 220 10 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 220 11 subjects subject NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 220 12 already already RB cord-302082-aaokc182 220 13 primed prime VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 220 14 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 220 15 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 220 16 live live JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 220 17 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 220 18 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 220 19 BCG BCG NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 220 20 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 220 21 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 220 22 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 220 23 boosted boost VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 220 24 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 220 25 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 220 26 subunit subunit NN cord-302082-aaokc182 220 27 adjuvanted adjuvante VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 220 28 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 220 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 220 30 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 220 31 Tuberculosis Tuberculosis NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 220 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 220 33 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 220 34 _SP cord-302082-aaokc182 221 1 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 221 2 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 221 3 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 221 4 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 221 5 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 221 6 common common JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 221 7 cause cause NN cord-302082-aaokc182 221 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 221 9 bronchiolitis bronchiolitis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 221 10 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 221 11 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-302082-aaokc182 221 12 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 221 13 infants infant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 221 14 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 221 15 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 221 16 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 221 17 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 221 18 chronic chronic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 221 19 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 221 20 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 221 21 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 221 22 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 221 23 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 221 24 elderly elderly JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 221 25 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 222 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 222 2 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 222 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 222 4 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 222 5 effective effective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 222 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 222 7 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 222 8 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 222 9 challenging challenging JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 222 10 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 222 11 natural natural JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 222 12 immunity immunity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 222 13 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 222 14 RSV RSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 222 15 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 222 16 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 222 17 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 222 18 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 222 19 re re NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 222 20 - - NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 222 21 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 222 22 occur occur VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 222 23 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 222 24 all all DT cord-302082-aaokc182 222 25 age age NN cord-302082-aaokc182 222 26 groups group NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 222 27 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 223 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-302082-aaokc182 223 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 223 3 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 223 4 primary primary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 223 5 target target NN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 6 population population NN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 7 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 8 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 9 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 223 10 newborns newborn NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 223 11 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 223 12 young young JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 223 13 infants infant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 223 14 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 223 15 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 223 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 223 17 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 223 18 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 223 19 challenging challenging JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 223 20 population population NN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 21 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 223 23 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 223 24 relatively relatively RB cord-302082-aaokc182 223 25 immature immature JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 223 26 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 223 27 systems system NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 223 28 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 223 29 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 223 30 presence presence NN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 31 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 32 maternal maternal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 223 33 antibodies antibody NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 223 34 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 223 35 interfere interfere VB cord-302082-aaokc182 223 36 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 37 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 38 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 39 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 223 40 young young JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 223 41 infant infant NN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 223 43 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 223 44 Chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 45 2 2 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 223 46 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 47 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 48 immunology immunology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 223 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 223 50 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 224 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 224 2 initial initial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 224 3 efforts effort NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 224 4 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 224 5 develop develop VB cord-302082-aaokc182 224 6 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 224 7 formalin formalin NN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 8 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 224 9 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 10 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 11 culture culture NN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 12 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 224 13 derived derive VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 14 RSV RSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 224 15 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 16 resulted result VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 224 17 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 18 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 224 19 unanticipated unanticipated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 224 20 enhancement enhancement NN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 21 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 22 natural natural JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 224 23 RSV RSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 224 24 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 25 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 26 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 224 27 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 28 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 224 29 RSV RSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 224 30 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 224 31 naïve naïve JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 224 32 infants infant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 224 33 who who WP cord-302082-aaokc182 224 34 received receive VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 224 35 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 224 36 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 37 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 38 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 224 39 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 224 40 trial trial NN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 41 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 224 42 subsequently subsequently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 224 43 were be VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 224 44 exposed expose VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 45 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 224 46 RSV RSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 224 47 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 225 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 225 2 exacerbated exacerbated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 225 3 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 225 4 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 225 5 thought think VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 225 6 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 225 7 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 225 8 due due JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 225 9 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 225 10 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 225 11 exaggerated exaggerated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 225 12 T t NN cord-302082-aaokc182 225 13 helper helper NN cord-302082-aaokc182 225 14 type type NN cord-302082-aaokc182 225 15 2 2 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 225 16 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 225 17 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 225 18 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 225 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 225 20 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 225 21 Chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 225 22 2 2 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 225 23 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 225 24 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 225 25 immunology immunology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 225 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 225 27 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 226 1 Safety safety NN cord-302082-aaokc182 226 2 concerns concern NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 226 3 regarding regard VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 226 4 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 226 5 potential potential NN cord-302082-aaokc182 226 6 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 226 7 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 226 8 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 226 9 trigger trigger VB cord-302082-aaokc182 226 10 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 226 11 prime prime NN cord-302082-aaokc182 226 12 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 226 13 immunopathological immunopathological JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 226 14 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 226 15 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 226 16 resulted result VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 226 17 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 226 18 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 226 19 cautious cautious JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 226 20 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 226 21 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 226 22 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 226 23 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 226 24 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 226 25 RSV RSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 226 26 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 226 27 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 227 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 227 2 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 227 3 candidates candidate NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 227 4 most most RBS cord-302082-aaokc182 227 5 advanced advanced JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 227 6 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 227 7 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 227 8 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 227 9 use use VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 227 10 two two CD cord-302082-aaokc182 227 11 different different JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 227 12 approaches approach NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 228 1 e e LS cord-302082-aaokc182 228 2 one one NN cord-302082-aaokc182 228 3 uses use VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 228 4 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 228 5 live live JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 228 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 228 7 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 228 8 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 228 9 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 228 10 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 228 11 gene gene NN cord-302082-aaokc182 228 12 deletion deletion NN cord-302082-aaokc182 228 13 deliberately deliberately RB cord-302082-aaokc182 228 14 targeted target VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 228 15 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 228 16 minimise minimise VB cord-302082-aaokc182 228 17 immunopathological immunopathological JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 228 18 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 228 19 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 229 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 229 2 other other JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 229 3 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 229 4 uses use VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 229 5 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 229 6 live live JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 229 7 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 229 8 vector vector NN cord-302082-aaokc182 229 9 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 229 10 deliver deliver VB cord-302082-aaokc182 229 11 only only RB cord-302082-aaokc182 229 12 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 229 13 key key JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 229 14 RSV RSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 229 15 surface surface NN cord-302082-aaokc182 229 16 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 229 17 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 229 18 thereby thereby RB cord-302082-aaokc182 229 19 avoiding avoid VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 229 20 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 229 21 risk risk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 229 22 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 229 23 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 229 24 immunopathological immunopathological JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 229 25 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 229 26 arising arise VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 229 27 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 229 28 exposure exposure NN cord-302082-aaokc182 229 29 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 229 30 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 229 31 RSV RSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 229 32 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 229 33 itself -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 229 34 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 230 1 Infectious infectious JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 230 2 illnesses illness NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 230 3 exert exert VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 230 4 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 230 5 major major JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 230 6 burden burden NN cord-302082-aaokc182 230 7 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 230 8 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 230 9 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 230 10 developing develop VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 230 11 countries country NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 230 12 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 231 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 231 2 greatest great JJS cord-302082-aaokc182 231 3 burden burden NN cord-302082-aaokc182 231 4 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 231 5 caused cause VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 231 6 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 231 7 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 231 8 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 231 9 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 231 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 231 11 currently currently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 231 12 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 231 13 no no DT cord-302082-aaokc182 231 14 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 231 15 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 231 16 eg eg IN cord-302082-aaokc182 231 17 taeniid taeniid NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 231 18 cestode cestode NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 231 19 parasites parasite NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 231 20 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 231 21 associated associate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 231 22 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 231 23 high high JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 231 24 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 231 25 morbidity morbidity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 231 26 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 231 27 losses loss NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 231 28 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 231 29 livestock livestock NN cord-302082-aaokc182 231 30 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 232 1 Global global JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 232 2 efforts effort NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 232 3 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 232 4 reduce reduce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 232 5 these these DT cord-302082-aaokc182 232 6 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 232 7 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 232 8 humans human NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 232 9 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 232 10 ongoing ongoe VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 232 11 through through IN cord-302082-aaokc182 232 12 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 232 13 use use NN cord-302082-aaokc182 232 14 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 232 15 antihelminthics antihelminthic NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 232 16 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 232 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 232 18 implementation implementation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 232 19 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 232 20 lifestyle lifestyle NN cord-302082-aaokc182 232 21 changes change NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 232 22 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 232 23 but but CC cord-302082-aaokc182 232 24 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 232 25 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 232 26 having have VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 232 27 little little JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 232 28 effect effect NN cord-302082-aaokc182 232 29 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 233 1 However however RB cord-302082-aaokc182 233 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 233 3 substantial substantial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 233 4 progress progress NN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 5 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 233 6 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 7 made make VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 8 towards towards IN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 9 developing develop VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 233 10 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 233 11 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 233 12 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 233 13 encourages encourage VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 233 14 investigation investigation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 15 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 16 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 233 17 potential potential JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 233 18 use use NN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 19 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 20 similar similar JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 233 21 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 233 22 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 23 humans human NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 233 24 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 233 25 prevent prevent VB cord-302082-aaokc182 233 26 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 233 27 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 28 example example NN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 29 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 233 30 hydatid hydatid NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 233 31 disease disease NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 233 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 233 33 arising arise VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 233 34 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 35 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 36 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 37 Echinococcus Echinococcus NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 233 38 granulosus granulosus NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 233 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 233 40 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 233 41 cysticercosis cysticercosis NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 233 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 233 43 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 44 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 45 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 46 Taenia Taenia NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 233 47 solium solium NN cord-302082-aaokc182 233 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 233 49 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 234 1 Relative relative JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 234 2 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 234 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 234 4 burden burden NN cord-302082-aaokc182 234 5 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 234 6 society society NN cord-302082-aaokc182 234 7 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 234 8 such such JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 234 9 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 234 10 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 234 11 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 234 12 low low JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 234 13 priority priority NN cord-302082-aaokc182 234 14 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 234 15 funding funding NN cord-302082-aaokc182 234 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 235 1 Unless unless IN cord-302082-aaokc182 235 2 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 235 3 measures measure NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 235 4 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 235 5 taken take VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 235 6 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 235 7 address address VB cord-302082-aaokc182 235 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 235 9 gaps gap NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 235 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 235 11 funding funding NN cord-302082-aaokc182 235 12 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 235 13 research research NN cord-302082-aaokc182 235 14 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 235 15 global global JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 235 16 immunisation immunisation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 235 17 coverage coverage NN cord-302082-aaokc182 235 18 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 235 19 developing develop VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 235 20 countries country NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 235 21 will will MD cord-302082-aaokc182 235 22 continue continue VB cord-302082-aaokc182 235 23 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 235 24 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 235 25 overwhelmed overwhelm VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 235 26 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 235 27 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 235 28 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 235 29 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 235 30 most most RBS cord-302082-aaokc182 235 31 devastating devastating JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 235 32 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 235 33 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 236 1 In in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 236 2 order order NN cord-302082-aaokc182 236 3 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 236 4 improve improve VB cord-302082-aaokc182 236 5 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 236 6 situation situation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 236 7 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 236 8 collaborative collaborative JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 236 9 schemes scheme NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 236 10 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 236 11 underway underway JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 236 12 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 236 13 bring bring VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 236 14 together together RB cord-302082-aaokc182 236 15 academic academic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 236 16 institutions institution NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 236 17 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 236 18 industry industry NN cord-302082-aaokc182 236 19 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 236 20 public public JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 236 21 / / SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 236 22 charitable charitable JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 236 23 financing financing NN cord-302082-aaokc182 236 24 organisations organisation NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 236 25 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 236 26 _SP cord-302082-aaokc182 237 1 Microbiome Microbiome NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 237 2 Project Project NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 237 3 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 237 4 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 237 5 National National NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 237 6 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-302082-aaokc182 237 7 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 237 8 Health Health NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 237 9 initiative initiative NN cord-302082-aaokc182 237 10 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 237 11 seeks seek VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 237 12 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 237 13 determine determine VB cord-302082-aaokc182 237 14 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 237 15 relationship relationship NN cord-302082-aaokc182 237 16 between between IN cord-302082-aaokc182 237 17 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 237 18 health health NN cord-302082-aaokc182 237 19 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 237 20 changes change NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 237 21 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 237 22 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 237 23 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 237 24 microbiome microbiome NN cord-302082-aaokc182 237 25 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 238 1 By by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 238 2 using use VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 238 3 revolutionary revolutionary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 238 4 sequencing sequencing NN cord-302082-aaokc182 238 5 technologies technology NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 238 6 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 238 7 characterise characterise VB cord-302082-aaokc182 238 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 238 9 microbiology microbiology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 238 10 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 238 11 five five CD cord-302082-aaokc182 238 12 body body NN cord-302082-aaokc182 238 13 sites site NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 238 14 e e LS cord-302082-aaokc182 238 15 oral oral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 238 16 cavity cavity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 238 17 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 238 18 skin skin NN cord-302082-aaokc182 238 19 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 238 20 vagina vagina NN cord-302082-aaokc182 238 21 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 238 22 gut gut NN cord-302082-aaokc182 238 23 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 238 24 nasal nasal NN cord-302082-aaokc182 239 1 tract tract NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 239 2 / / SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 239 3 lung lung NN cord-302082-aaokc182 239 4 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 240 1 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 240 2 association association NN cord-302082-aaokc182 240 3 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 240 4 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 240 5 made make VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 240 6 between between IN cord-302082-aaokc182 240 7 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 240 8 microbiomes microbiome NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 240 9 associated associate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 240 10 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 240 11 either either CC cord-302082-aaokc182 240 12 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 240 13 healthy healthy JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 240 14 body body NN cord-302082-aaokc182 240 15 state state NN cord-302082-aaokc182 240 16 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 240 17 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 240 18 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 241 1 Characterising characterise VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 241 2 microbes microbe NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 241 3 associated associate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 241 4 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 241 5 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 241 6 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 241 7 related relate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 241 8 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 241 9 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 241 10 allow allow VB cord-302082-aaokc182 241 11 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 241 12 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 241 13 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 241 14 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 241 15 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 241 16 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 241 17 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 241 18 preserve preserve VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 241 19 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 241 20 protect protect VB cord-302082-aaokc182 241 21 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 241 22 healthy healthy JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 241 23 microbiome microbiome NN cord-302082-aaokc182 241 24 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 241 25 hence hence RB cord-302082-aaokc182 241 26 could could MD cord-302082-aaokc182 241 27 protect protect VB cord-302082-aaokc182 241 28 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 241 29 health health NN cord-302082-aaokc182 241 30 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 242 1 Some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 242 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 242 3 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 242 4 areas area NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 242 5 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 242 6 current current JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 242 7 research research NN cord-302082-aaokc182 242 8 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 242 9 outlined outline VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 242 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 242 11 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 242 12 box box NN cord-302082-aaokc182 242 13 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 242 14 right right UH cord-302082-aaokc182 242 15 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 243 1 Some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 243 2 conditions condition NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 243 3 traditionally traditionally RB cord-302082-aaokc182 243 4 thought think VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 243 5 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 243 6 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 243 7 non non JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 243 8 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 243 9 infectious infectious JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 243 10 may may NN cord-302082-aaokc182 243 11 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 243 12 fact fact NN cord-302082-aaokc182 243 13 have have VB cord-302082-aaokc182 243 14 infectious infectious JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 243 15 origins origin NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 243 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 243 17 Table table NN cord-302082-aaokc182 243 18 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 243 19 .12 .12 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 243 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 243 21 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 243 22 therefore therefore RB cord-302082-aaokc182 243 23 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 243 24 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 243 25 could could MD cord-302082-aaokc182 243 26 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 243 27 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 243 28 strategy strategy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 243 29 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 243 30 prevent prevent VB cord-302082-aaokc182 243 31 these these DT cord-302082-aaokc182 243 32 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 243 33 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 244 1 Other other JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 244 2 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 244 3 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 244 4 result result VB cord-302082-aaokc182 244 5 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 244 6 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 244 7 interaction interaction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 244 8 between between IN cord-302082-aaokc182 244 9 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 244 10 host host NN cord-302082-aaokc182 244 11 's 's POS cord-302082-aaokc182 244 12 genetic genetic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 244 13 background background NN cord-302082-aaokc182 244 14 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 244 15 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 244 16 particular particular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 244 17 microbe microbe NN cord-302082-aaokc182 244 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 244 19 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 244 20 so so RB cord-302082-aaokc182 244 21 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 244 22 called call VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 244 23 gene gene NN cord-302082-aaokc182 244 24 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 244 25 environment environment NN cord-302082-aaokc182 244 26 interaction interaction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 244 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 244 28 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 245 1 Some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 245 2 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 245 3 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 245 4 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 245 5 established establish VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 245 6 link link NN cord-302082-aaokc182 245 7 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 245 8 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 245 9 identified identify VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 245 10 infectious infectious JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 245 11 agent agent NN cord-302082-aaokc182 245 12 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 246 1 For for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 246 2 example example NN cord-302082-aaokc182 246 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 246 4 primary primary JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 246 5 CMV CMV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 246 6 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 246 7 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 246 8 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 246 9 known known JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 246 10 cause cause NN cord-302082-aaokc182 246 11 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 246 12 congenital congenital JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 246 13 mental mental JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 246 14 retardation retardation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 246 15 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 246 16 similarly similarly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 246 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 246 18 link link NN cord-302082-aaokc182 246 19 between between IN cord-302082-aaokc182 246 20 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 246 21 vaginosis vaginosis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 246 22 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 246 23 foetal foetal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 246 24 prematurity prematurity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 246 25 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 246 26 widely widely RB cord-302082-aaokc182 246 27 accepted accept VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 246 28 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 247 1 While while IN cord-302082-aaokc182 247 2 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 247 3 links link NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 247 4 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 247 5 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 247 6 established establish VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 247 7 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 247 8 others other NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 247 9 remain remain VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 247 10 speculative speculative JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 247 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 247 12 Table table NN cord-302082-aaokc182 247 13 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 247 14 .12 .12 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 247 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 247 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 248 1 Candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 248 2 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 248 3 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 248 4 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 248 5 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 248 6 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 248 7 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 248 8 prevention prevention NN cord-302082-aaokc182 248 9 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 248 10 treatment treatment NN cord-302082-aaokc182 248 11 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 248 12 various various JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 248 13 types type NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 248 14 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 248 15 addiction addiction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 248 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 249 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 249 2 basic basic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 249 3 concept concept NN cord-302082-aaokc182 249 4 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 249 5 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 249 6 induce induce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 249 7 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 249 8 production production NN cord-302082-aaokc182 249 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 249 10 antibodies antibody NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 249 11 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 249 12 will will MD cord-302082-aaokc182 249 13 bind bind VB cord-302082-aaokc182 249 14 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 249 15 drug drug NN cord-302082-aaokc182 249 16 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 249 17 impede impede VB cord-302082-aaokc182 249 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 249 19 crossing cross VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 249 20 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 249 21 bloodebrain bloodebrain NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 249 22 barrier barrier NN cord-302082-aaokc182 249 23 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 249 24 exert exert VB cord-302082-aaokc182 249 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 249 26 psychoactive psychoactive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 249 27 effects effect NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 249 28 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 250 1 Several several JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 250 2 nicotine nicotine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 250 3 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 250 4 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 250 5 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 250 6 now now RB cord-302082-aaokc182 250 7 entered enter VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 250 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 250 9 trials trial NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 250 10 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 251 1 A a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 251 2 cocaine cocaine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 251 3 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 251 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 251 5 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 251 6 also also RB cord-302082-aaokc182 251 7 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 251 8 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 251 9 benefit benefit NN cord-302082-aaokc182 251 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 251 11 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 251 12 Phase phase NN cord-302082-aaokc182 251 13 IIb iib NN cord-302082-aaokc182 251 14 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 251 15 trial trial NN cord-302082-aaokc182 251 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 252 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 252 2 key key JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 252 3 issue issue NN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 4 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 5 date date NN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 6 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 7 both both CC cord-302082-aaokc182 252 8 nicotine nicotine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 9 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 252 10 cocaine cocaine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 11 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 12 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 252 13 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 252 14 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 15 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 252 16 induce induce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 252 17 _SP cord-302082-aaokc182 252 18 Continued Continued NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 252 19 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 20 next next JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 252 21 page page NN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 22 high high JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 252 23 immunoglobulin immunoglobulin NN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 252 25 Ig)G Ig)G NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 252 26 anti anti JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 252 27 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 252 28 drug drug JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 252 29 antibody antibody NN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 30 levels level NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 252 31 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 252 32 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 252 33 appear appear VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 252 34 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 252 35 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 252 36 critical critical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 252 37 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 38 achieving achieve VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 252 39 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 252 40 degree degree NN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 41 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 42 efficacy efficacy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 252 43 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 253 1 Candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 253 2 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 253 3 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 253 4 methamphetamine methamphetamine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 253 5 addiction addiction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 253 6 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 253 7 also also RB cord-302082-aaokc182 253 8 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 253 9 early early JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 253 10 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 253 11 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 254 1 To to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 254 2 date date NN cord-302082-aaokc182 254 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 254 4 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 254 5 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 254 6 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 254 7 developing develop VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 254 8 prophylactic prophylactic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 254 9 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 254 10 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 254 11 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 254 12 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 254 13 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 254 14 target target VB cord-302082-aaokc182 254 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 254 16 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 254 17 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 254 18 cause cause VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 254 19 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 254 20 contribute contribute VB cord-302082-aaokc182 254 21 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 254 22 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 254 23 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 254 24 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 254 25 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 254 26 such such JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 254 27 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 254 28 HPV HPV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 254 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 254 30 cervical cervical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 254 31 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 254 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 254 33 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 254 34 HBV HBV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 254 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 254 36 hepatocellular hepatocellular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 254 37 carcinoma carcinoma NN cord-302082-aaokc182 254 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 254 39 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 255 1 Examples example NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 255 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 255 3 infectious infectious JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 255 4 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 255 5 associated associate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 255 6 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 255 7 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 255 8 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 255 9 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 255 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 255 11 Table Table NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 255 12 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 255 13 .13 .13 NFP cord-302082-aaokc182 255 14 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 256 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 256 2 successful successful JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 256 3 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 256 4 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 256 5 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 256 6 nicotine nicotine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 256 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 256 8 would would MD cord-302082-aaokc182 256 9 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 256 10 expected expect VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 256 11 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 256 12 reduce reduce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 256 13 cigarette cigarette NN cord-302082-aaokc182 256 14 smoking smoking NN cord-302082-aaokc182 256 15 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 256 16 related relate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 256 17 lung lung NN cord-302082-aaokc182 256 18 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 256 19 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 257 1 Some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 257 2 cancers cancer NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 257 3 express express VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 257 4 tissue tissue NN cord-302082-aaokc182 257 5 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 257 6 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 257 7 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 257 8 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 257 9 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 257 10 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 257 11 targeted target VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 257 12 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 257 13 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 257 14 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 257 15 system system NN cord-302082-aaokc182 257 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 258 1 Therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 258 2 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 258 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 258 4 aim aim VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 258 5 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 258 6 target target VB cord-302082-aaokc182 258 7 tumour tumour NN cord-302082-aaokc182 258 8 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 258 9 associated associate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 258 10 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 258 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 258 12 TAA TAA NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 258 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 258 14 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 258 15 T t NN cord-302082-aaokc182 258 16 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 258 17 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 258 18 mediated mediate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 258 19 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 258 20 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 258 21 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 259 1 TAA TAA NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 259 2 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 259 3 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 259 4 related relate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 259 5 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 259 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 259 7 genetic genetic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 259 8 changes change NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 259 9 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 259 10 drive drive VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 259 11 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 259 12 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 259 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 259 14 eg eg IN cord-302082-aaokc182 259 15 Ras Ras NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 259 16 oncogene oncogene NN cord-302082-aaokc182 259 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 259 18 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 259 19 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 259 20 inappropriate inappropriate JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 259 21 up up RP cord-302082-aaokc182 259 22 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 259 23 regulation/ regulation/ CD cord-302082-aaokc182 259 24 expression expression NN cord-302082-aaokc182 259 25 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 259 26 genes gene NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 259 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 259 28 eg eg IN cord-302082-aaokc182 259 29 carcinoembryonic carcinoembryonic NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 259 30 antigen antigen NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 259 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 259 32 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 260 1 With with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 260 2 such such JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 260 3 TAA TAA NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 260 4 targets target NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 260 5 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 260 6 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 260 7 aim aim VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 260 8 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 260 9 maximally maximally RB cord-302082-aaokc182 260 10 stimulate stimulate VB cord-302082-aaokc182 260 11 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 260 12 cytotoxic cytotoxic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 260 13 T t NN cord-302082-aaokc182 260 14 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 260 15 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 260 16 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 260 17 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 260 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 260 19 design design NN cord-302082-aaokc182 260 20 often often RB cord-302082-aaokc182 260 21 includes include VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 260 22 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 260 23 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 260 24 enhance enhance VB cord-302082-aaokc182 260 25 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 260 26 presentation presentation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 260 27 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 261 1 Tumours tumour NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 261 2 develop develop VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 261 3 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 261 4 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 261 5 multistep multistep JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 261 6 process process NN cord-302082-aaokc182 261 7 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 261 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 261 9 face face NN cord-302082-aaokc182 261 10 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 261 11 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 261 12 host host NN cord-302082-aaokc182 261 13 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 261 14 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 261 15 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 261 16 frequently frequently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 261 17 evolve evolve VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 261 18 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 261 19 escape escape VB cord-302082-aaokc182 261 20 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 261 21 control control NN cord-302082-aaokc182 261 22 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 262 1 Mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 262 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 3 evasion evasion NN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 4 include include VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 262 5 genetic genetic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 262 6 changes change NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 262 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 262 8 loss loss NN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 10 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 262 11 leukocyte leukocyte NN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 12 antigen antigen NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 262 13 / / SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 262 14 TAA TAA NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 262 15 expression expression NN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 262 17 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 262 18 induction induction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 19 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 20 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 262 21 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 262 22 systems system NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 262 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 262 24 T t NN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 25 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 262 26 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 27 anergy anergy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 28 due due IN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 29 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 30 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 262 31 activity activity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 32 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 33 _SP cord-302082-aaokc182 262 34 T T NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 262 35 reg reg NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 262 36 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 262 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 262 38 which which WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 262 39 limit limit VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 262 40 anti anti JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 262 41 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 262 42 tumour tumour JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 262 43 immunity immunity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 262 44 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 263 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 263 2 key key JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 263 3 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 263 4 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 263 5 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 263 6 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 263 7 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 263 8 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 263 9 resetting reset VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 263 10 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 263 11 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 263 12 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 263 13 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 263 14 deliver deliver VB cord-302082-aaokc182 263 15 anti anti JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 263 16 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 263 17 tumour tumour JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 263 18 immunity immunity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 263 19 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 263 20 alters alter VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 263 21 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 263 22 destroys destroy VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 263 23 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 263 24 cells cell NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 263 25 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 263 26 hence hence RB cord-302082-aaokc182 263 27 eliminates eliminate VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 263 28 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 263 29 reduces reduce VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 263 30 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 263 31 tumour tumour NN cord-302082-aaokc182 263 32 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 264 1 One one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 264 2 strategy strategy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 3 uses use VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 264 4 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 264 5 patient patient NN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 6 's 's POS cord-302082-aaokc182 264 7 own own JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 264 8 tumour tumour NN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 9 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 10 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 264 11 immunogen immunogen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 12 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 264 13 thereby thereby RB cord-302082-aaokc182 264 14 providing provide VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 264 15 all all PDT cord-302082-aaokc182 264 16 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 264 17 potential potential JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 264 18 idiotypic idiotypic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 264 19 changes change NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 264 20 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 264 21 might may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 264 22 act act VB cord-302082-aaokc182 264 23 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 24 TAA TAA NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 264 25 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 264 26 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 27 conjunction conjunction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 28 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 29 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 30 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 264 31 presenting present VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 264 32 DCs dc NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 264 33 harvested harvest VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 34 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 35 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 264 36 same same JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 264 37 patient patient NN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 38 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 264 39 activated activate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 40 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 41 vitro vitro FW cord-302082-aaokc182 264 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 264 43 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 264 44 Dendritic dendritic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 264 45 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 264 46 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 264 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 264 48 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 265 1 There there EX cord-302082-aaokc182 265 2 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 265 3 different different JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 265 4 types type NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 265 5 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 265 6 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 265 7 candidate candidate NN cord-302082-aaokc182 265 8 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 265 9 currently currently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 265 10 undergoing undergo VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 265 11 clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 265 12 trials trial NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 265 13 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 265 14 numerous numerous JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 265 15 types type NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 265 16 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 265 17 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 265 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 265 19 Table table NN cord-302082-aaokc182 265 20 6 6 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 265 21 .14 .14 NFP cord-302082-aaokc182 265 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 265 23 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 266 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 266 2 most most RBS cord-302082-aaokc182 266 3 advanced advanced JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 266 4 candidates candidate NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 266 5 currently currently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 266 6 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 266 7 Phase Phase NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 266 8 III III NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 266 9 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 266 10 described describe VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 266 11 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 266 12 Chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 266 13 4 4 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 266 14 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 266 15 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 266 16 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 266 17 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 267 1 There there EX cord-302082-aaokc182 267 2 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 267 3 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 4 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 267 5 success success NN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 6 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 7 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 267 8 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 10 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 267 11 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 12 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 267 13 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 267 14 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 15 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 267 16 FDA FDA NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 267 17 approval approval NN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 18 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 19 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 267 20 first first JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 267 21 DC DC NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 267 22 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 23 Oxford Oxford NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 267 24 BioMedica BioMedica NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 267 25 MUC1 MUC1 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 267 26 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 267 27 Mucin mucin NN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 28 1 1 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 267 29 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 30 surface surface NN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 31 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 267 32 hIL2 hIL2 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 267 33 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 267 34 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 267 35 cytokine cytokine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 36 interleukin-2 interleukin-2 XX cord-302082-aaokc182 267 37 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 267 38 ASCI ASCI NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 267 39 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 267 40 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 41 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 267 42 specific specific JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 267 43 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 44 immunotherapeutics immunotherapeutic NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 267 45 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 267 46 MAGE MAGE NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 267 47 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 267 48 melanomaassociated melanomaassociate VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 267 49 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 50 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 267 51 CTL CTL NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 267 52 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 267 53 cytotoxic cytotoxic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 267 54 T t NN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 55 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-302082-aaokc182 267 56 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 268 1 Every every DT cord-302082-aaokc182 268 2 effort effort NN cord-302082-aaokc182 268 3 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 268 4 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 268 5 made make VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 268 6 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 268 7 verify verify VB cord-302082-aaokc182 268 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 268 9 information information NN cord-302082-aaokc182 268 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 268 11 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 268 12 table table NN cord-302082-aaokc182 268 13 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 269 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 269 2 information information NN cord-302082-aaokc182 269 3 included include VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 269 4 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 269 5 not not RB cord-302082-aaokc182 269 6 meant mean VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 269 7 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 269 8 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 269 9 exhaustive exhaustive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 269 10 but but CC cord-302082-aaokc182 269 11 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 269 12 intended intend VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 269 13 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 269 14 provide provide VB cord-302082-aaokc182 269 15 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 269 16 overview overview NN cord-302082-aaokc182 269 17 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 269 18 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 269 19 subject subject JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 269 20 matter matter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 269 21 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 270 1 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 270 2 approaches approach VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 270 3 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 271 1 However however RB cord-302082-aaokc182 271 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 271 3 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 271 4 presents present VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 271 5 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 271 6 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 271 7 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 271 8 application application NN cord-302082-aaokc182 271 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 271 10 novel novel JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 271 11 technologies technology NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 271 12 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 271 13 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 271 14 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 272 1 Some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 272 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 3 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 272 4 considerations consideration NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 272 5 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 6 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 272 7 designed design VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 8 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 9 use use NN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 11 special special JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 272 12 populations population NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 272 13 include include VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 272 14 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 272 15 immunosenescence immunosenescence VB cord-302082-aaokc182 272 16 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 272 18 elderly elderly JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 272 19 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 272 20 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 272 21 poor poor JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 272 22 immunological immunological JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 272 23 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 24 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 25 traditional traditional JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 272 26 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 272 27 seen see VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 28 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 29 immunocompromised immunocompromised JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 272 30 individuals individual NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 272 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 272 32 patients patient NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 272 33 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 34 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 272 35 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 272 36 transplant transplant NN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 37 recipients recipient NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 272 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 272 39 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 272 40 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 272 41 crossing crossing NN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 42 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 43 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 44 components component NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 272 45 into into IN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 46 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 272 47 foetal foetal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 272 48 bloodstream bloodstream NN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 49 when when WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 272 50 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 272 51 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 272 52 administered administer VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 53 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 54 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 272 55 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 272 56 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 272 57 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 272 58 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 272 59 safety safety NN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 60 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 272 61 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 62 concerns concern NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 272 63 surrounding surround VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 272 64 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 272 65 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 66 neonates neonate NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 272 67 due due JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 272 68 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 69 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 272 70 naïve naïve JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 272 71 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 272 72 immature immature JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 272 73 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 272 74 system system NN cord-302082-aaokc182 272 75 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 273 1 Cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 273 2 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 273 3 mediated mediate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 273 4 immunity immunity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 273 5 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 273 6 depressed depress VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 273 7 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 273 8 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 273 9 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 273 10 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 273 11 leaving leave VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 273 12 them -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 273 13 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 273 14 high high JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 273 15 risk risk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 273 16 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 273 17 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 273 18 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 273 19 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 273 20 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 273 21 including include VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 273 22 those those DT cord-302082-aaokc182 273 23 harmful harmful JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 273 24 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 273 25 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 273 26 foetus foetus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 273 27 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 274 1 Most Most JJS cord-302082-aaokc182 274 2 live live VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 274 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 274 4 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 274 5 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 274 6 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 274 7 contraindicated contraindicated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 274 8 during during IN cord-302082-aaokc182 274 9 pregnancy pregnancy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 274 10 because because IN cord-302082-aaokc182 274 11 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 274 12 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 274 13 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 274 14 risk risk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 274 15 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 274 16 foetal foetal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 274 17 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 274 18 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 274 19 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 274 20 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 274 21 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 275 1 However however RB cord-302082-aaokc182 275 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 275 3 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 275 4 viral viral JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 275 5 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 275 6 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 275 7 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 275 8 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 275 9 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 275 10 administered administer VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 275 11 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 276 1 Pregnant pregnant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 276 2 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 276 3 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 276 4 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 276 5 therefore therefore RB cord-302082-aaokc182 276 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 276 7 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 276 8 vaccinated vaccinate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 9 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 10 some some DT cord-302082-aaokc182 276 11 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 276 12 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 276 13 including include VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 276 14 several several JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 276 15 that that DT cord-302082-aaokc182 276 16 pass pass NN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 17 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 18 mother mother NN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 19 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 20 foetus foetus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 276 22 such such JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 276 23 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 24 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 276 25 A A NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 276 26 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 276 27 B B NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 276 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 276 29 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 276 30 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 276 31 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 32 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 276 33 acquired acquire VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 34 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 35 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 276 36 infant infant NN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 37 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 38 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 276 39 first first JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 276 40 few few JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 276 41 months month NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 276 42 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 43 life life NN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 276 45 often often RB cord-302082-aaokc182 276 46 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 47 close close JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 276 48 contact contact NN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 49 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 50 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 276 51 mother mother NN cord-302082-aaokc182 276 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 276 53 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 277 1 In in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 277 2 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 277 3 latter latter JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 277 4 case case NN cord-302082-aaokc182 277 5 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 277 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 277 7 infant infant NN cord-302082-aaokc182 277 8 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 277 9 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 277 10 protected protect VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 277 11 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 277 12 transfer transfer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 277 13 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 277 14 maternal maternal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 277 15 antibodies antibody NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 277 16 during during IN cord-302082-aaokc182 277 17 late late JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 277 18 gestation gestation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 277 19 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 278 1 Examples example NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 278 2 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 278 3 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 278 4 that that WDT cord-302082-aaokc182 278 5 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 278 6 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 278 7 prevented prevent VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 278 8 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 278 9 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 278 10 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 278 11 include include VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 278 12 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 278 13 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 278 14 tetanus tetanus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 278 15 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 278 16 diphtheria diphtheria NN cord-302082-aaokc182 278 17 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 278 18 probably probably RB cord-302082-aaokc182 278 19 pertussis pertussis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 278 20 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 279 1 Other other JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 279 2 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 279 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 279 4 such such JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 279 5 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 6 those those DT cord-302082-aaokc182 279 7 caused cause VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 8 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 9 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 279 10 so so RB cord-302082-aaokc182 279 11 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 279 12 called call VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 13 TORCH torch NN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 14 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 279 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 279 16 toxoplasma toxoplasma NN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 17 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 279 18 others other NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 279 19 including include VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 279 20 syphilis syphili NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 279 21 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 279 22 CMV CMV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 279 23 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 279 24 HSV HSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 279 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 279 26 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 279 27 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 279 28 not not RB cord-302082-aaokc182 279 29 yet yet RB cord-302082-aaokc182 279 30 preventable preventable JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 279 31 through through IN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 32 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 33 though though IN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 34 encouraging encourage VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 279 35 Phase Phase NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 279 36 II II NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 279 37 results result NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 279 38 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 279 39 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 40 presented present VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 41 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 42 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 279 43 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 44 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 279 45 prevent prevent VB cord-302082-aaokc182 279 46 Group Group NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 279 47 B B NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 279 48 streptococcus streptococcus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 49 carriage carriage NN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 50 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 279 51 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 279 52 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 279 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 279 54 Hillier Hillier NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 279 55 et et NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 279 56 al al NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 279 57 . . NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 279 58 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 279 59 2009 2009 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 279 60 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 279 61 Smith Smith NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 279 62 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 279 63 2009 2009 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 279 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 279 65 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 280 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 280 2 2009 2009 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 280 3 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 280 4 pandemic pandemic NN cord-302082-aaokc182 280 5 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 280 6 outbreak outbreak NN cord-302082-aaokc182 280 7 posed pose VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 280 8 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 280 9 increased increase VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 280 10 risk risk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 280 11 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 280 12 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 280 13 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 280 14 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 280 15 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 280 16 was be VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 280 17 specifically specifically RB cord-302082-aaokc182 280 18 recommended recommend VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 280 19 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 280 20 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 280 21 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 280 22 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 280 23 one one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 280 24 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 280 25 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 280 26 high high JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 280 27 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 280 28 risk risk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 280 29 groups group NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 280 30 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 281 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 281 2 pandemic pandemic NN cord-302082-aaokc182 281 3 example example NN cord-302082-aaokc182 281 4 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 281 5 emphasised emphasise VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 281 6 once once RB cord-302082-aaokc182 281 7 more more RBR cord-302082-aaokc182 281 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 281 9 importance importance NN cord-302082-aaokc182 281 10 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 281 11 protecting protect VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 281 12 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 281 13 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 281 14 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 281 15 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 281 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 282 1 Seasonal seasonal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 282 2 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 282 3 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 282 4 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 282 5 pregnancy pregnancy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 282 6 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 282 7 well well RB cord-302082-aaokc182 282 8 tolerated tolerate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 282 9 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 282 10 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 282 11 benefiterisk benefiterisk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 282 12 profile profile NN cord-302082-aaokc182 282 13 when when WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 282 14 administered administer VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 282 15 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 282 16 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 282 17 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 282 18 supports support VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 282 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 282 20 use use NN cord-302082-aaokc182 282 21 during during IN cord-302082-aaokc182 282 22 pregnancy pregnancy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 282 23 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 283 1 Many many JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 283 2 public public JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 283 3 health health NN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 4 authorities authority NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 283 5 worldwide worldwide RB cord-302082-aaokc182 283 6 recommend recommend VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 283 7 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 283 8 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 9 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 11 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 283 12 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 283 13 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 283 14 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 283 15 recommendation recommendation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 16 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 283 17 motivated motivate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 18 not not RB cord-302082-aaokc182 283 19 only only RB cord-302082-aaokc182 283 20 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 21 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 283 22 potentially potentially RB cord-302082-aaokc182 283 23 severe severe JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 283 24 course course NN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 25 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 26 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 27 during during IN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 28 pregnancy pregnancy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 29 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 283 30 but but CC cord-302082-aaokc182 283 31 also also RB cord-302082-aaokc182 283 32 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 33 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 283 34 need need NN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 35 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 283 36 protect protect VB cord-302082-aaokc182 283 37 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 283 38 infants infant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 283 39 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 40 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 41 during during IN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 42 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 283 43 first first JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 283 44 months month NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 283 45 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 46 life life NN cord-302082-aaokc182 283 47 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 284 1 Boosting boost VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 284 2 RSV RSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 284 3 immunity immunity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 284 4 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 284 5 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 284 6 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 284 7 through through IN cord-302082-aaokc182 284 8 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 284 9 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 284 10 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 284 11 another another DT cord-302082-aaokc182 284 12 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 284 13 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 284 14 protecting protect VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 284 15 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 284 16 newborn newborn NN cord-302082-aaokc182 284 17 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 284 18 RSV RSV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 284 19 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 284 20 during during IN cord-302082-aaokc182 284 21 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 284 22 most most RBS cord-302082-aaokc182 284 23 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 284 24 early early JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 284 25 months month NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 284 26 after after IN cord-302082-aaokc182 284 27 birth birth NN cord-302082-aaokc182 284 28 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 285 1 Neonatal neonatal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 285 2 immunisation immunisation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 285 3 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 285 4 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 285 5 strategy strategy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 285 6 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 285 7 protect protect VB cord-302082-aaokc182 285 8 infants infant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 285 9 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 285 10 infections infection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 285 11 during during IN cord-302082-aaokc182 285 12 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 285 13 particularly particularly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 285 14 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 285 15 period period NN cord-302082-aaokc182 285 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 286 1 A a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 286 2 recent recent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 286 3 study study NN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 4 showed show VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 286 5 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 6 immunisation immunisation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 7 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 8 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 286 9 acellular acellular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 286 10 pertussis pertussis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 11 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 12 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 13 birth birth NN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 14 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 286 15 1 1 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 286 16 month month NN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 17 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 18 age age NN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 19 induces induce VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 286 20 high high JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 286 21 IgG igg NN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 22 anti anti JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 286 23 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 286 24 pertussis pertussis JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 286 25 antibody antibody NN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 26 titres titre NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 286 27 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 28 2 2 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 286 29 months month NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 286 30 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 31 age age NN cord-302082-aaokc182 286 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 286 33 Wood Wood NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 286 34 et et FW cord-302082-aaokc182 286 35 al al NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 286 36 . . NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 286 37 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 286 38 2010 2010 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 286 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 286 40 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 287 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 287 2 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 287 3 hoped hope VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 287 4 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 287 5 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 287 6 approach approach NN cord-302082-aaokc182 287 7 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 287 8 reduce reduce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 287 9 death death NN cord-302082-aaokc182 287 10 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 287 11 morbidity morbidity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 287 12 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 287 13 Bordetella Bordetella NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 287 14 pertussis pertussis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 287 15 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 287 16 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 287 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 287 18 first first JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 287 19 3 3 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 287 20 months month NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 287 21 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 287 22 life life NN cord-302082-aaokc182 287 23 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 288 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 288 2 elderly elderly JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 288 3 respond respond VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 288 4 poorly poorly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 288 5 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 288 6 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 288 7 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 288 8 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 288 9 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 288 10 system system NN cord-302082-aaokc182 288 11 becomes become VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 288 12 more more RBR cord-302082-aaokc182 288 13 senescent senescent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 288 14 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 288 15 increasing increase VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 288 16 age age NN cord-302082-aaokc182 288 17 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 288 18 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 288 19 therefore therefore RB cord-302082-aaokc182 288 20 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 288 21 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 288 22 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 288 23 technologies technology NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 288 24 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 288 25 needed need VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 288 26 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 288 27 improve improve VB cord-302082-aaokc182 288 28 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 288 29 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 288 30 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 288 31 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 288 32 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 288 33 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 288 34 population population NN cord-302082-aaokc182 288 35 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 289 1 In in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 289 2 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 289 3 late late JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 289 4 1990s 1990 NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 289 5 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 289 6 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 289 7 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 289 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 289 9 adjuvanted adjuvante VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 289 10 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 289 11 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 289 12 oil oil NN cord-302082-aaokc182 289 13 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 289 14 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 289 15 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 289 16 water water NN cord-302082-aaokc182 289 17 emulsion emulsion NN cord-302082-aaokc182 289 18 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 289 19 MF59Ô mf59ô NN cord-302082-aaokc182 289 20 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 289 21 was be VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 289 22 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 289 23 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 289 24 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 289 25 more more RBR cord-302082-aaokc182 289 26 effective effective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 289 27 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 289 28 inducing induce VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 289 29 high high JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 289 30 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 289 31 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 289 32 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 289 33 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 289 34 elderly elderly JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 289 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 289 36 Minutello Minutello NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 289 37 et et NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 289 38 al al NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 289 39 . . NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 289 40 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 289 41 1999 1999 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 289 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 289 43 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 290 1 Alternative alternative JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 290 2 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 290 3 administration administration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 290 4 techniques technique NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 290 5 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 290 6 also also RB cord-302082-aaokc182 290 7 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 290 8 studied study VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 290 9 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 290 10 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 290 11 elderly elderly JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 290 12 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 291 1 Research research NN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 2 showed show VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 291 3 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 4 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 5 subjects subject NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 291 6 60 60 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 291 7 years year NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 291 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 9 age age NN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 10 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 291 11 older old JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 291 12 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 291 13 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 291 14 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 15 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 16 administered administer VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 17 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 18 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 291 19 intradermal intradermal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 291 20 microinjection microinjection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 21 system system NN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 22 induced induce VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 23 significantly significantly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 291 24 higher high JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 291 25 antibody antibody NN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 26 titres titre NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 291 27 compared compare VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 28 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 29 IM im JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 291 30 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 291 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 291 32 Arnou Arnou NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 291 33 et et FW cord-302082-aaokc182 291 34 al al NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 291 35 . . NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 291 36 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 291 37 2009 2009 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 291 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 291 39 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 292 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 292 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 292 3 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 292 4 microinjection microinjection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 5 system system NN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 6 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 8 was be VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 292 9 licensed license VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 10 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 11 use use NN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 12 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 13 Europe Europe NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 292 14 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 292 15 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 292 16 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 292 17 high high JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 292 18 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 19 dose dose NN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 20 formulation formulation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 21 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 292 22 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 23 licensed license VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 24 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 25 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 292 26 elderly elderly JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 292 27 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 292 28 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 292 29 USA USA NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 292 30 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 293 1 Individuals individual NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 293 2 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 293 3 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 293 4 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 293 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 293 6 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 293 7 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 294 1 who who WP cord-302082-aaokc182 294 2 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 294 3 asplenic asplenic NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 294 4 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 294 5 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 294 6 immunocompromised immunocompromise VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 294 7 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 294 8 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 294 9 result result NN cord-302082-aaokc182 294 10 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 294 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-302082-aaokc182 294 12 condition condition NN cord-302082-aaokc182 294 13 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 295 1 Patients patient NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 295 2 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 295 3 also also RB cord-302082-aaokc182 295 4 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 295 5 immunocompromised immunocompromise VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 295 6 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 295 7 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 295 8 result result NN cord-302082-aaokc182 295 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 295 10 therapy therapy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 295 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 295 12 eg eg IN cord-302082-aaokc182 295 13 when when WRB cord-302082-aaokc182 295 14 receiving receive VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 295 15 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 295 16 organ organ NN cord-302082-aaokc182 295 17 transplant transplant NN cord-302082-aaokc182 295 18 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 295 19 radiation radiation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 295 20 therapy therapy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 295 21 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 295 22 immunosuppressive immunosuppressive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 295 23 medication medication NN cord-302082-aaokc182 295 24 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 296 1 Such such JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 296 2 patients patient NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 296 3 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 296 4 therefore therefore RB cord-302082-aaokc182 296 5 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 296 6 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 296 7 elevated elevated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 296 8 risk risk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 296 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 296 10 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 296 11 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 296 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 296 13 such such JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 296 14 as as IN cord-302082-aaokc182 296 15 herpesviruses herpesviruses NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 296 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 296 17 particularly particularly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 296 18 CMV CMV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 296 19 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 296 20 EpsteineBarr EpsteineBarr NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 296 21 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 296 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 296 23 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 296 24 HBV HBV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 296 25 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 296 26 HCV HCV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 296 27 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 296 28 pneumocystis pneumocystis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 296 29 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 296 30 coinfections coinfection NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 296 31 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 296 32 represent represent VB cord-302082-aaokc182 296 33 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 296 34 special special JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 296 35 population population NN cord-302082-aaokc182 296 36 regarding regard VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 296 37 immunisation immunisation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 296 38 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 297 1 Despite despite IN cord-302082-aaokc182 297 2 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 297 3 likely likely JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 297 4 reduction reduction NN cord-302082-aaokc182 297 5 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 297 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 297 7 efficacy efficacy NN cord-302082-aaokc182 297 8 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 297 9 vaccinations vaccination NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 297 10 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 297 11 immunocompromised immunocompromised JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 297 12 individuals individual NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 297 13 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 297 14 immunisation immunisation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 297 15 remains remain VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 297 16 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 297 17 frequent frequent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 297 18 recommendation recommendation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 297 19 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 297 20 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 297 21 hope hope NN cord-302082-aaokc182 297 22 that that IN cord-302082-aaokc182 297 23 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 297 24 least least JJS cord-302082-aaokc182 297 25 partial partial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 297 26 immunity immunity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 297 27 will will MD cord-302082-aaokc182 297 28 be be VB cord-302082-aaokc182 297 29 achieved achieve VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 297 30 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 298 1 Eliciting elicit VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 298 2 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 298 3 response response NN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 4 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 5 vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 6 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 7 immunocompromised immunocompromised JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 298 8 patients patient NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 298 9 may may MD cord-302082-aaokc182 298 10 require require VB cord-302082-aaokc182 298 11 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 298 12 increase increase NN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 13 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 14 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 298 15 dose dose NN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 16 and/or and/or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 298 17 number number NN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 18 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 19 doses dose NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 298 20 ; ; , cord-302082-aaokc182 298 21 altering alter VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 298 22 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 298 23 dosing dosing NN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 24 interval interval NN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 25 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 298 26 selecting select VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 298 27 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 298 28 different different JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 298 29 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 30 formulation formulation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 31 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 298 32 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 298 33 administration administration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 34 via via IN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 35 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 298 36 alternative alternative JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 298 37 route route NN cord-302082-aaokc182 298 38 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 299 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-302082-aaokc182 299 2 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 299 3 this this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 299 4 patient patient JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 299 5 population population NN cord-302082-aaokc182 299 6 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 299 7 lacking lack VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 299 8 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 299 9 guidelines guideline NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 299 10 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 299 11 often often RB cord-302082-aaokc182 299 12 based base VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 299 13 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 299 14 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 299 15 assumptions assumption NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 299 16 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 300 1 Live live JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 300 2 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 300 3 are be VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 300 4 generally generally RB cord-302082-aaokc182 300 5 contraindicated contraindicate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 300 6 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 300 7 immunocompromised immunocompromised JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 300 8 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 300 9 immunosuppressed immunosuppressed JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 300 10 individuals individual NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 300 11 due due JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 300 12 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 300 13 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 300 14 risk risk NN cord-302082-aaokc182 300 15 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 300 16 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 300 17 active active JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 300 18 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 300 19 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 300 20 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 300 21 resulting result VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 300 22 from from IN cord-302082-aaokc182 300 23 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 300 24 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 300 25 itself -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 300 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 300 27 non non JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 300 28 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 300 29 controlled controlled JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 300 30 replication replication NN cord-302082-aaokc182 300 31 process process NN cord-302082-aaokc182 300 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 300 33 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 301 1 Encouragingly encouragingly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 301 2 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 301 3 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 4 formulations formulation NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 301 5 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 6 highly highly RB cord-302082-aaokc182 301 7 purified purify VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 8 antigens antigen NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 301 9 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 301 10 novel novel NN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 11 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 301 12 or or CC cord-302082-aaokc182 301 13 alternative alternative JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 301 14 deliveries delivery NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 301 15 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 301 16 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 17 shown show VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 18 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 301 19 induce induce VB cord-302082-aaokc182 301 20 more more RBR cord-302082-aaokc182 301 21 effective effective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 301 22 immune immune JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 301 23 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 301 24 than than IN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 25 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 301 26 classical classical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 301 27 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 28 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 301 29 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 30 immunocompromised immunocompromised JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 301 31 hosts host NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 301 32 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 301 33 including include VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 301 34 patients patient NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 301 35 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 36 end end NN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 37 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 301 38 stage stage NN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 39 renal renal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 301 40 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 301 41 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 42 pre pre JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 301 43 - - JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 301 44 haemodialysis haemodialysis JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 301 45 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 301 46 haemodialysis haemodialysis NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 301 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 301 48 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 301 49 Chapter chapter NN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 50 4 4 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 301 51 e e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 52 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 301 53 Adjuvants Adjuvants NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 301 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 301 55 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 301 56 patients patient NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 301 57 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 58 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 301 59 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 301 60 those those DT cord-302082-aaokc182 301 61 who who WP cord-302082-aaokc182 301 62 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 301 63 received receive VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 64 haematological haematological JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 301 65 stem stem NN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 66 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 301 67 transplants transplant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 301 68 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 302 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 302 2 future future NN cord-302082-aaokc182 302 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 302 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 302 5 development development NN cord-302082-aaokc182 302 6 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 302 7 build build VB cord-302082-aaokc182 302 8 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 302 9 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 302 10 knowledge knowledge NN cord-302082-aaokc182 302 11 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 302 12 experience experience NN cord-302082-aaokc182 302 13 gained gain VBD cord-302082-aaokc182 302 14 over over IN cord-302082-aaokc182 302 15 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 302 16 last last JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 302 17 200 200 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 302 18 years year NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 302 19 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 302 20 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 302 21 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 302 22 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 302 23 same same JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 302 24 time time NN cord-302082-aaokc182 302 25 can can MD cord-302082-aaokc182 302 26 take take VB cord-302082-aaokc182 302 27 advantage advantage NN cord-302082-aaokc182 302 28 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 302 29 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 302 30 most most RBS cord-302082-aaokc182 302 31 cutting cutting JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 302 32 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 302 33 edge edge NN cord-302082-aaokc182 302 34 technologies technology NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 302 35 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 302 36 194 194 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 302 37 UNDERSTANDING understand VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 302 38 MODERN modern JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 302 39 VACCINES vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 302 40 research research NN cord-302082-aaokc182 302 41 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 303 1 New new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 303 2 approaches approach NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 303 3 to to IN cord-302082-aaokc182 303 4 antigen antigen NN cord-302082-aaokc182 303 5 selection selection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 303 6 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 303 7 production production NN cord-302082-aaokc182 303 8 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 304 1 antigen antigen NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 304 2 delivery delivery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 304 3 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 304 4 adjuvantation adjuvantation NN cord-302082-aaokc182 304 5 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 304 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 304 7 administration administration NN cord-302082-aaokc182 304 8 will will MD cord-302082-aaokc182 304 9 allow allow VB cord-302082-aaokc182 304 10 us -PRON- PRP cord-302082-aaokc182 304 11 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 304 12 target target VB cord-302082-aaokc182 304 13 established establish VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 304 14 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 304 15 emerging emerge VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 304 16 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 304 17 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 304 18 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 304 19 populations population NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 304 20 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 304 21 complex complex JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 304 22 needs need NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 304 23 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 305 1 Vaccination vaccination NN cord-302082-aaokc182 305 2 has have VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 305 3 been be VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 305 4 one one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 305 5 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 305 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 305 7 most most RBS cord-302082-aaokc182 305 8 successful successful JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 305 9 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 305 10 cost cost NN cord-302082-aaokc182 305 11 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 305 12 effective effective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 305 13 health health NN cord-302082-aaokc182 305 14 interventions intervention NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 305 15 ever ever RB cord-302082-aaokc182 305 16 conceived conceive VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 305 17 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 305 18 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 305 19 now now RB cord-302082-aaokc182 305 20 expanding expand VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 305 21 further far RBR cord-302082-aaokc182 305 22 into into IN cord-302082-aaokc182 305 23 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 305 24 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 305 25 chronic chronic JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 305 26 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 305 27 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 306 1 This this DT cord-302082-aaokc182 306 2 expansion expansion NN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 4 scope scope NN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 5 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 306 6 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 306 7 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 306 8 impact impact NN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 9 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 10 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 306 11 disease disease NN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 12 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 306 13 likely likely JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 306 14 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 306 15 continue continue VB cord-302082-aaokc182 306 16 into into IN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 17 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 306 18 future future NN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 19 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 20 currently currently RB cord-302082-aaokc182 306 21 unforeseen unforeseen JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 306 22 ways way NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 306 23 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 306 24 further further RB cord-302082-aaokc182 306 25 increasing increase VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 306 26 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 306 27 importance importance NN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 28 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 29 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 30 science science NN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 31 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 306 32 engineering engineering NN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 33 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 34 improving improve VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 306 35 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 306 36 health health NN cord-302082-aaokc182 306 37 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 307 1 Safety safety NN cord-302082-aaokc182 307 2 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 307 3 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 307 4 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 307 5 RTS RTS NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 307 6 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 307 7 S S NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 307 8 / / SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 307 9 AS02D AS02D NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 308 1 malaria malaria NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 308 2 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 308 3 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 308 4 infants infant NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 308 5 Intradermal Intradermal NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 308 6 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 308 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 308 8 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 308 9 older old JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 308 10 adults adult NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 308 11 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 309 1 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 309 2 randomized randomized JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 309 3 controlled control VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 309 4 multicenter multicenter JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 309 5 phase phase NN cord-302082-aaokc182 309 6 III iii CD cord-302082-aaokc182 309 7 study study NN cord-302082-aaokc182 309 8 Efficacy Efficacy NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 309 9 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 309 10 RTS RTS NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 309 11 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 309 12 S S NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 309 13 / / SYM cord-302082-aaokc182 309 14 AS01E as01e NN cord-302082-aaokc182 309 15 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 309 16 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 309 17 malaria malaria NN cord-302082-aaokc182 309 18 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 309 19 children child NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 309 20 5 5 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 309 21 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 309 22 17 17 CD cord-302082-aaokc182 309 23 months month NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 309 24 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 309 25 age age NN cord-302082-aaokc182 309 26 Women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 309 27 receiving receive VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 309 28 Group Group NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 309 29 B B NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 309 30 Streptococcus Streptococcus NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 309 31 serotype serotype NN cord-302082-aaokc182 309 32 III iii NN cord-302082-aaokc182 309 33 tetanus tetanus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 309 34 toxoid toxoid NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 310 2 GBS GBS NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 310 3 III III NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 310 4 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 310 5 TT TT NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 310 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 310 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 8 have have VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 310 9 reduced reduce VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 10 vaginal vaginal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 310 11 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 310 12 rectal rectal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 310 13 acquisition acquisition NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 14 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 15 GBS GBS NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 310 16 Type Type NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 310 17 III III NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 310 18 New new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 310 19 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 310 20 against against IN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 21 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 22 Safety safety NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 23 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 310 24 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 25 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 26 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 310 27 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 28 subunit subunit NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 29 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 30 virus virus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 31 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 32 combined combine VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 33 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 34 MF59 MF59 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 310 35 adjuvant adjuvant NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 36 emulsion emulsion NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 37 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 38 elderly elderly JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 310 39 subjects subject NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 310 40 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 310 41 immunized immunize VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 42 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 43 three three CD cord-302082-aaokc182 310 44 consecutive consecutive JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 310 45 influenza influenza NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 46 seasons season NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 310 47 A a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 310 48 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 49 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 310 50 prevent prevent VB cord-302082-aaokc182 310 51 herpes herpes NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 52 zoster zoster NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 53 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 310 54 postherpetic postherpetic NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 310 55 neuralgia neuralgia NN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 56 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 310 57 older old JJR cord-302082-aaokc182 310 58 adults adult NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 311 1 A a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 311 2 subunit subunit NN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 3 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 5 based base VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 6 on on IN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 7 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 311 8 envelope envelope NN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 9 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 10 B b NN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 11 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 311 12 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 311 13 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 311 14 adjuvant adjuvant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 311 15 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 16 prevention prevention NN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 17 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 18 maternal maternal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 311 19 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 20 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 21 Vaccination Vaccination NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 311 22 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 23 ALVAC ALVAC NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 311 24 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 311 25 AIDSVAX AIDSVAX NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 311 26 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 311 27 prevent prevent VB cord-302082-aaokc182 311 28 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 311 29 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 30 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 31 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 311 32 Successful successful JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 311 33 immunization immunization NN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 34 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 35 children child NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 311 36 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 37 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 311 38 without without IN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 39 maternal maternal JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 311 40 antibody antibody NN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 41 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 42 aerosolized aerosolized JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 311 43 measles measle NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 311 44 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 311 45 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 312 1 I. i. LS cord-302082-aaokc182 312 2 Different different JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 312 3 results result NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 312 4 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 312 5 undiluted undiluted JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 312 6 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 312 7 diploid diploid JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 312 8 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 312 9 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 312 10 chick chick NN cord-302082-aaokc182 312 11 embryo embryo NN cord-302082-aaokc182 312 12 fibroblast fibroblast NN cord-302082-aaokc182 312 13 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 312 14 Associate associate VBP cord-302082-aaokc182 312 15 Clinical clinical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 312 16 Professor Professor NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 312 17 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 312 18 Medicine Medicine NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 312 19 GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 312 20 Herpes Herpes NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 312 21 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 312 22 Efficacy Efficacy NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 312 23 Study Study NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 312 24 Group Group NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 312 25 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 313 1 Glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-302082-aaokc182 313 2 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 313 3 D d NN cord-302082-aaokc182 313 4 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 313 5 adjuvant adjuvant JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 313 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 313 7 to to TO cord-302082-aaokc182 313 8 prevent prevent VB cord-302082-aaokc182 313 9 genital genital JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 313 10 herpes herpes NN cord-302082-aaokc182 313 11 Prevention prevention NN cord-302082-aaokc182 313 12 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 313 13 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 313 14 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 313 15 Bacille Bacille NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 313 16 Calmette Calmette NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 313 17 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 313 18 Guérin Guérin NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 313 19 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 313 20 primed prime VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 313 21 , , , cord-302082-aaokc182 313 22 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 313 23 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 313 24 infected infect VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 313 25 adults adult NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 313 26 boosted boost VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 313 27 with with IN cord-302082-aaokc182 313 28 an an DT cord-302082-aaokc182 313 29 inactivated inactivated JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 313 30 whole whole JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 313 31 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 313 32 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 313 33 mycobacterial mycobacterial JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 313 34 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 314 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 314 2 second second JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 314 3 Geneva Geneva NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 314 4 Consensus Consensus NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 314 5 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 314 6 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 314 7 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 314 8 novel novel NN cord-302082-aaokc182 314 9 live live JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 314 10 TB TB NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 314 11 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 315 1 Acellular acellular JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 315 2 pertussis pertussis NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 3 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 4 at at IN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 5 birth birth NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 6 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 315 7 one one CD cord-302082-aaokc182 315 8 month month NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 9 induces induce VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 315 10 antibody antibody NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 11 responses response NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 315 12 by by IN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 13 two two CD cord-302082-aaokc182 315 14 months month NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 315 15 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 16 age age NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 17 Genocea Genocea NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 315 18 technology technology NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 19 Developing develop VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 315 20 cell cell NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 21 culture culture NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 22 - - HYPH cord-302082-aaokc182 315 23 derived derive VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 25 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 315 26 Seeking seek VBG cord-302082-aaokc182 315 27 new new JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 315 28 pathways pathway NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 315 29 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 30 HIV HIV NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 315 31 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 32 discovery discovery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 33 Infectious infectious JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 315 34 diseases disease NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 315 35 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 315 36 global global JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 315 37 cancer cancer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 38 control control NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 39 Intrauterine intrauterine JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 315 40 infection infection NN cord-302082-aaokc182 315 41 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 315 42 preterm preterm NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 315 43 delivery delivery NN cord-302082-aaokc182 316 1 The the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 316 2 NIH NIH NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 316 3 human human JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 316 4 microbiome microbiome NN cord-302082-aaokc182 316 5 project project NN cord-302082-aaokc182 316 6 Alliance Alliance NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 316 7 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 316 8 Case Case NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 316 9 Studies Studies NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 316 10 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 316 11 Global Global NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 316 12 Health Health NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 316 13 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 317 1 Case case NN cord-302082-aaokc182 317 2 studies study NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 317 3 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 317 4 global global JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 317 5 health health NN cord-302082-aaokc182 317 6 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 317 7 Building Building NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 317 8 relationships relationship NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 317 9 Alliance Alliance NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 317 10 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 317 11 Case Case NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 317 12 Studies Studies NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 317 13 International International NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 317 14 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 317 15 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 317 16 Initiative Initiative NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 317 17 VACCINES vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 317 18 OF of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 317 19 THE the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 317 20 FUTURE FUTURE NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 317 21 National National NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 317 22 Institute Institute NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 317 23 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 317 24 Allergy Allergy NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 317 25 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 317 26 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 317 27 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-302082-aaokc182 317 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 317 29 NIAID NIAID NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 317 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 317 31 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 318 1 Statement statement NN cord-302082-aaokc182 318 2 : : : cord-302082-aaokc182 319 1 Study study NN cord-302082-aaokc182 319 2 finds find VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 319 3 genital genital JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 319 4 herpes herpes NN cord-302082-aaokc182 319 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-302082-aaokc182 319 6 ineffective ineffective JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 319 7 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 319 8 women woman NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 319 9 World World NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 319 10 Health Health NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 319 11 Organization Organization NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 319 12 's 's POS cord-302082-aaokc182 319 13 Special Special NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 319 14 Programme Programme NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 319 15 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 319 16 Research Research NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 319 17 and and CC cord-302082-aaokc182 319 18 Training Training NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 319 19 in in IN cord-302082-aaokc182 320 1 Tropical tropical JJ cord-302082-aaokc182 320 2 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-302082-aaokc182 320 3 AIDSVAXÔ AIDSVAXÔ NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 320 4 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 320 5 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 320 6 trademark trademark NN cord-302082-aaokc182 320 7 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 320 8 Global Global NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 320 9 Solutions Solutions NNPS cord-302082-aaokc182 320 10 for for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 320 11 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 320 12 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-302082-aaokc182 320 13 Corporation Corporation NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 320 14 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 320 15 ALVACÔ ALVACÔ NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 320 16 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 320 17 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 320 18 trademark trademark NN cord-302082-aaokc182 320 19 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 320 20 Connaught Connaught NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 320 21 Technology Technology NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 320 22 Corporation Corporation NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 321 1 MF59Ô MF59Ô NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 321 2 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 321 3 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 321 4 trademark trademark NN cord-302082-aaokc182 321 5 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 321 6 Novartis Novartis NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 321 7 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 321 8 MontanideÔ MontanideÔ NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 321 9 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 321 10 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 321 11 trademark trademark NN cord-302082-aaokc182 321 12 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 321 13 Seppic Seppic NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 321 14 ; ; : cord-302082-aaokc182 321 15 NanoStatÔ NanoStatÔ NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 321 16 is be VBZ cord-302082-aaokc182 321 17 a a DT cord-302082-aaokc182 321 18 trademark trademark NN cord-302082-aaokc182 321 19 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 321 20 NanoBio NanoBio NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 321 21 Corporation Corporation NNP cord-302082-aaokc182 321 22 . . . cord-302082-aaokc182 322 1 For for IN cord-302082-aaokc182 322 2 details detail NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 322 3 of of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 322 4 trademarks trademark NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 322 5 not not RB cord-302082-aaokc182 322 6 listed list VBN cord-302082-aaokc182 322 7 above above RB cord-302082-aaokc182 322 8 please please UH cord-302082-aaokc182 322 9 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 322 10 the the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 322 11 manufacturer manufacturer NN cord-302082-aaokc182 322 12 's 's POS cord-302082-aaokc182 322 13 website website NN cord-302082-aaokc182 322 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 322 15 see see VB cord-302082-aaokc182 322 16 section section NN cord-302082-aaokc182 322 17 Internet internet NN cord-302082-aaokc182 322 18 resources resource NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 322 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-302082-aaokc182 323 1 VACCINES vaccine NNS cord-302082-aaokc182 323 2 OF of IN cord-302082-aaokc182 323 3 THE the DT cord-302082-aaokc182 323 4 FUTURE future NN