id sid tid token lemma pos cord-027859-citynr6c 1 1 key key JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 1 2 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 1 3 cord-027859-citynr6c cord-027859-citynr6c NN cord-027859-citynr6c 1 4 authors author NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 1 5 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 1 6 P. P. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 1 7 Shetty Shetty NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 1 8 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 1 9 Nandini Nandini NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 1 10 ; ; : cord-027859-citynr6c 1 11 S. S. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 1 12 Shetty Shetty NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 1 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 2 1 Prakash Prakash NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 2 2 title title NN cord-027859-citynr6c 2 3 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 2 4 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 2 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 2 6 Disease Disease NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 2 7 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 2 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 2 9 Tropics Tropics NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 2 10 date date NN cord-027859-citynr6c 3 1 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 3 2 2020 2020 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 3 3 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 3 4 06 06 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 3 5 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 3 6 22 22 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 3 7 journal journal NN cord-027859-citynr6c 3 8 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 4 1 Manson Manson NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 4 2 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 4 3 Tropical Tropical NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 4 4 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 4 5 DOI DOI NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 4 6 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 4 7 10.1016 10.1016 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 4 8 / / SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 4 9 b978 b978 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 4 10 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 4 11 1 1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 4 12 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 4 13 4160 4160 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 4 14 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 4 15 4470 4470 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 4 16 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 4 17 3.50007 3.50007 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 4 18 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 4 19 0 0 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 4 20 sha sha NN cord-027859-citynr6c 4 21 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 4 22 62eef3b5b34c298cadf193226a4b4d38ccd32b7e 62eef3b5b34c298cadf193226a4b4d38ccd32b7e CD cord-027859-citynr6c 4 23 doc_id doc_id CD cord-027859-citynr6c 4 24 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 4 25 27859 27859 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 4 26 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 4 27 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 5 1 citynr6c citynr6c NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 5 2 nan nan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 6 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 6 2 study study NN cord-027859-citynr6c 6 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 6 4 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-027859-citynr6c 6 5 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 6 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 6 7 tropics tropic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 6 8 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 6 9 undergone undergo VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 6 10 major major JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 6 11 changes change NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 6 12 since since IN cord-027859-citynr6c 6 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 6 14 infancy infancy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 6 15 when when WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 6 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 6 17 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 6 18 largely largely RB cord-027859-citynr6c 6 19 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 6 20 documentation documentation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 6 21 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 6 22 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 6 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 7 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 7 2 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 7 3 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 7 4 evolved evolve VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 5 into into IN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 6 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 7 7 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 7 8 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 9 involving involve VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 7 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 7 11 ecology ecology NN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 7 14 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 7 15 agent agent NN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 7 17 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 7 18 host host NN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 7 20 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 7 21 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 7 22 vectors vector NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 7 23 as as RB cord-027859-citynr6c 7 24 well well RB cord-027859-citynr6c 7 25 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 26 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 7 27 complex complex JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 7 28 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 7 29 concerned concern VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 30 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 31 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 7 32 spread spread NN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 33 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 34 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 35 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 7 36 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 7 37 extent extent NN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 38 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 7 39 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 7 40 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 7 41 spread spread NN cord-027859-citynr6c 7 42 occurs occur VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 7 43 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 8 1 1 1 LS cord-027859-citynr6c 8 2 Similar similar JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 8 3 concepts concept NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 8 4 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 8 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 8 6 study study NN cord-027859-citynr6c 8 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 8 8 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-027859-citynr6c 8 9 apply apply VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 8 10 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 8 11 communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 8 12 as as RB cord-027859-citynr6c 8 13 well well RB cord-027859-citynr6c 8 14 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 8 15 non non JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 8 16 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 8 17 communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 8 18 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 8 19 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 9 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 9 2 understanding understanding NN cord-027859-citynr6c 9 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 9 4 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 9 5 principles principle NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 9 6 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 9 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 9 8 origins origin NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 9 9 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 9 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 9 11 study study NN cord-027859-citynr6c 9 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 9 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 9 14 great great JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 9 15 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 9 16 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 10 1 Arguably arguably RB cord-027859-citynr6c 10 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 10 3 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 10 4 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 10 5 powerful powerful JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 10 6 example example NN cord-027859-citynr6c 10 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 10 8 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 10 9 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 10 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 10 11 study study NN cord-027859-citynr6c 10 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 10 13 that that DT cord-027859-citynr6c 10 14 ancient ancient JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 10 15 scourge scourge NN cord-027859-citynr6c 10 16 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 10 17 mankind mankind NN cord-027859-citynr6c 10 18 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 10 19 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 10 20 so so RB cord-027859-citynr6c 10 21 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 10 22 called call VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 10 23 black black JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 10 24 death death NN cord-027859-citynr6c 10 25 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 10 26 plague plague NN cord-027859-citynr6c 10 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 11 1 A a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 11 2 study study NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 4 any any DT cord-027859-citynr6c 11 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 11 7 plague plague NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 8 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 11 9 throughout throughout IN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 10 history history NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 11 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 11 12 all all PDT cord-027859-citynr6c 11 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 11 14 factors factor NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 11 15 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 11 16 govern govern VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 11 17 current current JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 11 18 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 11 19 analysis analysis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 20 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 11 21 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 11 22 agent agent NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 23 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 11 24 host host NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 25 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 11 26 vector vector NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 27 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 11 28 reservoir reservoir NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 29 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 11 30 complex complex JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 11 31 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 32 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 11 33 including include VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 11 34 migration migration NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 35 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 11 36 famine famine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 37 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 11 38 fi fi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 11 39 re re NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 40 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 11 41 war war NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 42 ; ; , cord-027859-citynr6c 11 43 resulting result VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 11 44 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 45 spread spread NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 46 followed follow VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 47 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 48 quarantine quarantine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 49 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 11 50 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 11 51 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 12 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 12 2 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 12 3 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 12 4 Report Report NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 12 5 1996 1996 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 12 6 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 12 7 ' ' `` cord-027859-citynr6c 12 8 Fighting fight VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 12 9 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 12 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 12 11 fostering foster VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 12 12 development development NN cord-027859-citynr6c 12 13 ' ' '' cord-027859-citynr6c 12 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 12 15 states state VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 12 16 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 12 17 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 12 18 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 12 19 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 12 20 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 12 21 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 12 22 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 12 23 leading leading JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 12 24 cause cause NN cord-027859-citynr6c 12 25 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 12 26 premature premature JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 12 27 death death NN cord-027859-citynr6c 12 28 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 13 1 2 2 LS cord-027859-citynr6c 13 2 Infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 13 3 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 13 4 account account VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 13 5 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 13 6 45 45 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 13 7 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 13 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 13 9 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 13 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 13 11 low low JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 13 12 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 13 13 income income NN cord-027859-citynr6c 13 14 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 13 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 13 16 Figure figure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 13 17 3 3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 13 18 .1 .1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 13 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 13 20 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 13 21 up up IN cord-027859-citynr6c 13 22 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 13 23 63 63 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 13 24 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 13 25 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 13 26 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 13 27 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 13 28 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 13 29 under under IN cord-027859-citynr6c 13 30 4 4 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 13 31 years year NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 13 32 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 13 33 age age NN cord-027859-citynr6c 13 34 worldwide worldwide RB cord-027859-citynr6c 13 35 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 14 1 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 14 2 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 14 3 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 14 4 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 14 5 east east NN cord-027859-citynr6c 14 6 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 14 7 carry carry VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 14 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 14 9 highest high JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 14 10 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 14 11 due due IN cord-027859-citynr6c 14 12 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 14 13 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 14 14 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 14 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 14 16 Figure figure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 14 17 3 3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 14 18 .2 .2 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 14 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 14 20 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 15 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 15 2 addition addition NN cord-027859-citynr6c 15 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 15 4 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 15 5 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 15 6 emerging emerge VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 15 7 infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 15 8 pose pose VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 15 9 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 15 10 rising rise VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 15 11 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 15 12 threat threat NN cord-027859-citynr6c 15 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 15 14 Table table NN cord-027859-citynr6c 15 15 3 3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 15 16 .1 .1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 15 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 15 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 16 1 No no DT cord-027859-citynr6c 16 2 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 16 3 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 16 4 six six CD cord-027859-citynr6c 16 5 deadly deadly JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 16 6 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 16 7 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 16 8 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 16 9 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-027859-citynr6c 16 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 16 11 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 16 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 16 13 diarrhoeal diarrhoeal NN cord-027859-citynr6c 16 14 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 16 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 16 16 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 16 17 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 16 18 measles measle NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 16 19 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 16 20 more more RBR cord-027859-citynr6c 16 21 recently recently RB cord-027859-citynr6c 16 22 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 16 23 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 16 24 / / SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 16 25 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 16 26 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 16 27 account account VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 16 28 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 16 29 half half NN cord-027859-citynr6c 16 30 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 16 31 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 16 32 premature premature JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 16 33 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 16 34 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 16 35 killing kill VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 16 36 mostly mostly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 16 37 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 16 38 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 16 39 young young JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 16 40 adults adult NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 16 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 16 42 Figure figure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 16 43 3 3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 16 44 .3 .3 NFP cord-027859-citynr6c 16 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 16 46 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 17 1 Acute acute JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 17 2 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 17 3 infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 17 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 17 5 ARIs ari NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 17 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 17 7 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 17 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 17 9 leading leading JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 17 10 cause cause NN cord-027859-citynr6c 17 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 17 12 death death NN cord-027859-citynr6c 17 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 17 14 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 17 15 aetiology aetiology NN cord-027859-citynr6c 17 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 17 17 killing kill VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 17 18 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 17 19 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 17 20 4 4 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 17 21 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 17 22 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 17 23 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 17 24 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 17 25 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 17 26 1.9 1.9 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 17 27 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 17 28 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 17 29 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 17 30 constitute constitute VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 17 31 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 17 32 under under IN cord-027859-citynr6c 17 33 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 17 34 age age NN cord-027859-citynr6c 17 35 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 17 36 fi fi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 17 37 ve ve FW cord-027859-citynr6c 17 38 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 18 1 3 3 LS cord-027859-citynr6c 19 1 Among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 19 3 42 42 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 19 4 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 19 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 19 7 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 8 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 19 9 carry carry VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 19 10 90 90 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 19 11 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 19 14 child child NN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 15 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 16 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 17 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 19 18 14 14 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 19 19 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 19 20 24 24 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 19 21 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 22 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 23 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 19 24 under-5 under-5 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 19 25 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 26 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 19 27 due due JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 19 28 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 29 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 30 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 19 31 nearly nearly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 19 32 70 70 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 19 33 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 34 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 35 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 19 36 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 37 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 38 occurs occur VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 19 39 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 40 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 19 41 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 19 42 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 19 43 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 19 44 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 19 45 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 19 46 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 19 47 east east NN cord-027859-citynr6c 19 48 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 19 49 regions region NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 19 50 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 20 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 20 2 majority majority NN cord-027859-citynr6c 20 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 20 4 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 20 5 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 20 6 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 20 7 borne bear VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 20 8 during during IN cord-027859-citynr6c 20 9 early early JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 20 10 childhood childhood NN cord-027859-citynr6c 20 11 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 20 12 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 20 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 20 14 greatest great JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 20 15 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 20 16 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 20 17 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 20 18 occurring occur VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 20 19 during during IN cord-027859-citynr6c 20 20 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 20 21 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 20 22 period period NN cord-027859-citynr6c 20 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 21 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 21 2 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 21 3 incidence incidence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 21 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 21 5 ARI ARI NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 21 6 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 21 7 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 21 8 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 21 9 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 21 10 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 21 11 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 21 12 154 154 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 21 13 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 21 14 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 21 15 per per IN cord-027859-citynr6c 21 16 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 21 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 22 1 3 3 LS cord-027859-citynr6c 23 1 This this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 23 2 range range NN cord-027859-citynr6c 23 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 23 4 infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 23 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 23 6 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 23 7 includes include VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 23 8 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-027859-citynr6c 23 9 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 23 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 23 11 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 23 12 serious serious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 23 13 form form NN cord-027859-citynr6c 23 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 23 15 accounts account VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 23 16 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 23 17 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 23 18 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 23 19 8 8 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 23 20 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 23 21 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 23 22 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 23 23 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 23 24 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 23 25 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 23 26 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 23 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 24 1 Pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-027859-citynr6c 24 2 often often RB cord-027859-citynr6c 24 3 affects affect VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 24 4 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 24 5 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 24 6 low low JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 24 7 birth birth NN cord-027859-citynr6c 24 8 weight weight NN cord-027859-citynr6c 24 9 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 24 10 those those DT cord-027859-citynr6c 24 11 whose whose WP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 24 12 immune immune JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 24 13 systems system NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 24 14 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 24 15 weakened weaken VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 24 16 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 24 17 malnutrition malnutrition NN cord-027859-citynr6c 24 18 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 24 19 other other JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 24 20 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 24 21 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 25 1 Caused cause VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 25 2 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 25 3 different different JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 25 4 viruses virus NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 25 5 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 25 6 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 25 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 25 8 ARI ARI NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 25 9 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 25 10 closely closely RB cord-027859-citynr6c 25 11 associated associate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 25 12 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 25 13 poverty poverty NN cord-027859-citynr6c 25 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 25 15 overcrowding overcrowding NN cord-027859-citynr6c 25 16 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 25 17 unsanitary unsanitary JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 25 18 household household NN cord-027859-citynr6c 25 19 conditions condition NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 25 20 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 26 1 Several several JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 26 2 other other JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 26 3 factors factor NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 26 4 seem seem VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 26 5 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 26 6 exacerbate exacerbate VB cord-027859-citynr6c 26 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 26 8 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 26 9 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 27 1 Exposure exposure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 27 2 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 27 3 tobacco tobacco NN cord-027859-citynr6c 27 4 smoke smoke NN cord-027859-citynr6c 27 5 increases increase VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 27 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 27 7 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 27 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 27 9 contracting contract VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 27 10 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 27 11 infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 27 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 27 13 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 27 14 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 27 15 studies study NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 27 16 implicate implicate VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 27 17 both both DT cord-027859-citynr6c 27 18 indoor indoor JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 27 19 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 27 20 outdoor outdoor JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 27 21 air air NN cord-027859-citynr6c 27 22 pollution pollution NN cord-027859-citynr6c 27 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 28 1 Indoor indoor JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 28 2 air air NN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 3 pollution pollution NN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 4 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 28 5 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 28 7 focus focus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 9 particular particular JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 28 10 concern concern NN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 11 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 28 12 specifi specifi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 28 13 cally cally RB cord-027859-citynr6c 28 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 28 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 28 16 soot soot NN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 17 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 28 18 smoke smoke NN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 19 associated associate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 20 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 21 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 28 22 burning burning NN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 23 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 24 biomass biomass NN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 25 fuels fuel NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 28 26 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 28 27 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 28 wood wood NN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 29 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 28 30 coal coal NN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 31 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 28 32 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 28 33 dung dung NN cord-027859-citynr6c 28 34 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 29 1 Many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 29 2 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 29 3 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 29 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 29 5 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 29 6 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 29 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 29 8 mostly mostly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 29 9 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 29 10 rural rural JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 29 11 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 29 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 29 13 rely rely VB cord-027859-citynr6c 29 14 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 29 15 biomass biomass NN cord-027859-citynr6c 29 16 fuels fuel NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 29 17 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 29 18 heating heating NN cord-027859-citynr6c 29 19 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 29 20 cooking cooking NN cord-027859-citynr6c 29 21 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 30 1 A a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 30 2 cause cause VB cord-027859-citynr6c 30 3 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 30 4 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 30 5 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 30 6 effect effect NN cord-027859-citynr6c 30 7 relationship relationship NN cord-027859-citynr6c 30 8 between between IN cord-027859-citynr6c 30 9 indoor indoor JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 30 10 air air NN cord-027859-citynr6c 30 11 pollution pollution NN cord-027859-citynr6c 30 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 30 13 ARI ARI NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 30 14 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 30 15 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 30 16 diffi diffi JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 30 17 cult cult NN cord-027859-citynr6c 30 18 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 30 19 prove prove VB cord-027859-citynr6c 30 20 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 31 1 Even even RB cord-027859-citynr6c 31 2 so so RB cord-027859-citynr6c 31 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 31 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 31 5 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 31 6 Bank Bank NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 31 7 estimated estimate VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 31 8 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 31 9 1992 1992 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 31 10 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 31 11 switching switch VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 31 12 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 31 13 better well JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 31 14 fuels fuel NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 31 15 could could MD cord-027859-citynr6c 31 16 halve halve VB cord-027859-citynr6c 31 17 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 31 18 number number NN cord-027859-citynr6c 31 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 31 20 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-027859-citynr6c 31 21 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 31 22 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 32 1 4 4 LS cord-027859-citynr6c 32 2 Approaches approach NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 32 3 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 32 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 32 5 management management NN cord-027859-citynr6c 32 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 32 7 childhood childhood NN cord-027859-citynr6c 32 8 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-027859-citynr6c 32 9 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 32 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 32 11 tropics tropic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 32 12 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 32 13 hampered hamper VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 32 14 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 32 15 lack lack NN cord-027859-citynr6c 32 16 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 32 17 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 32 18 facilities facility NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 32 19 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 32 20 identify identify VB cord-027859-citynr6c 32 21 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 32 22 aetiological aetiological JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 32 23 agent agent NN cord-027859-citynr6c 32 24 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 33 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 33 2 WHO who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 33 3 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 33 4 devised devise VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 5 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 33 6 simple simple JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 33 7 algorithm algorithm NN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 8 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 9 use use NN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 11 fi fi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 12 eld eld NN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 13 situations situation NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 33 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 33 15 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 16 primary primary JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 33 17 healthcare healthcare NN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 18 workers worker NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 33 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 33 20 using use VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 33 21 clinical clinical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 33 22 criteria criterion NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 33 23 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 33 24 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 25 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 33 26 rate rate NN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 27 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 33 28 indrawing indrawing NN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 29 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 30 ribs rib NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 33 31 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 33 32 decide decide VB cord-027859-citynr6c 33 33 whether whether IN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 34 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 33 35 child child NN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 36 needs need VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 33 37 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 33 38 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 34 1 Proper proper JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 34 2 implementation implementation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 34 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 34 4 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 34 5 strategy strategy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 34 6 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 34 7 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 34 8 shown show VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 34 9 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 34 10 reduce reduce VB cord-027859-citynr6c 34 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 34 12 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 34 13 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 34 14 childhood childhood NN cord-027859-citynr6c 34 15 pneumonias pneumonia NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 34 16 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 34 17 25 25 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 34 18 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 34 19 50 50 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 34 20 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 34 21 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 35 1 5 5 LS cord-027859-citynr6c 36 1 However however RB cord-027859-citynr6c 36 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 36 3 implementation implementation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 36 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 36 5 community community NN cord-027859-citynr6c 36 6 ARI ARI NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 36 7 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 36 8 programmes programme NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 36 9 remains remain VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 36 10 patchy patchy JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 36 11 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 36 12 current current JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 36 13 rates rate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 36 14 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 36 15 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 36 16 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 36 17 ARI ARI NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 36 18 being be VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 36 19 taken take VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 36 20 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 36 21 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 36 22 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 36 23 provider provider NN cord-027859-citynr6c 36 24 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 36 25 ~40 ~40 DT cord-027859-citynr6c 36 26 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 36 27 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 36 28 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 36 29 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 36 30 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 36 31 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 36 32 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 37 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 37 2 nearly nearly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 37 3 half half NN cord-027859-citynr6c 37 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 37 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 37 6 81 81 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 37 7 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 37 8 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 37 9 available available JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 37 10 data datum NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 37 11 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 37 12 less less JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 37 13 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 37 14 50 50 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 37 15 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 37 16 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 37 17 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 37 18 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 37 19 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 37 20 ARI ARI NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 37 21 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 37 22 taken take VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 37 23 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 37 24 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 37 25 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 37 26 healthcare healthcare NN cord-027859-citynr6c 37 27 provider provider NN cord-027859-citynr6c 37 28 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 38 1 5 5 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 38 2 _SP cord-027859-citynr6c 39 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 39 2 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 39 3 pandemic pandemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 39 4 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 39 5 emerged emerge VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 39 6 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 39 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 39 8 single single JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 39 9 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 39 10 defi defi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 39 11 ning ning NN cord-027859-citynr6c 39 12 occurrence occurrence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 39 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 39 14 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 39 15 history history NN cord-027859-citynr6c 39 16 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 39 17 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 39 18 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 39 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 39 20 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 39 21 late late JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 39 22 twentieth twentieth JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 39 23 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 39 24 early early JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 39 25 twenty twenty CD cord-027859-citynr6c 39 26 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 39 27 fi fi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 39 28 rst rst NN cord-027859-citynr6c 39 29 centuries century NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 39 30 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 40 1 According accord VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 40 2 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 3 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 40 4 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 40 5 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 6 update update NN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 8 December December NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 40 9 2005 2005 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 40 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 40 11 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 40 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 40 13 WHO who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 40 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 40 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 40 16 6 6 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 40 17 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 40 18 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 20 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 40 21 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 22 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 40 23 tropics tropic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 40 24 varies vary VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 40 25 enormously enormously RB cord-027859-citynr6c 40 26 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 27 place place NN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 28 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 29 place place NN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 40 31 Figure figure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 32 3 3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 40 33 _SP cord-027859-citynr6c 40 34 Latest late JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 40 35 estimates estimate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 40 36 show show VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 40 37 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 40 38 8.3 8.3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 40 39 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 40 40 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 40 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 40 42 2 2 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 40 43 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 40 44 adult adult NN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 45 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 40 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 40 47 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 40 48 living live VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 40 49 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 50 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 40 51 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 52 2005 2005 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 40 53 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 40 54 including include VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 40 55 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 40 56 1.1 1.1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 40 57 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 40 58 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 40 59 who who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 40 60 became become VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 40 61 newly newly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 40 62 infected infect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 63 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 64 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 40 65 past past JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 40 66 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 40 67 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 41 1 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 41 2 claimed claim VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 41 3 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 41 4 520 520 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 41 5 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 41 6 lives life NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 41 7 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 41 8 2005 2005 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 41 9 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 42 1 These these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 42 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 42 3 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 42 4 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 5 line line NN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 6 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 7 known know VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 8 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 9 behaviour behaviour NN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 11 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 42 12 region region NN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 42 14 where where WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 42 15 men man NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 42 16 account account VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 42 17 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 18 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 42 19 majority majority NN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 20 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 21 injecting inject VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 42 22 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 23 users user NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 42 24 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 42 25 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 42 26 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 42 27 responsible responsible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 42 28 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 29 sexual sexual JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 42 30 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 31 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 32 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 42 33 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 42 34 largely largely RB cord-027859-citynr6c 42 35 through through IN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 36 commercial commercial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 42 37 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 42 38 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 43 1 Commercial commercial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 43 2 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 43 3 accounts account VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 43 4 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 43 5 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 43 6 large large JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 43 7 part part NN cord-027859-citynr6c 43 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 43 9 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 43 10 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 43 11 20 20 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 43 12 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 43 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 43 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 43 15 infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 43 16 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 43 17 China China NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 43 18 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 43 19 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 43 20 due due JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 43 21 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 43 22 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 43 23 heterosexual heterosexual JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 43 24 contact contact NN cord-027859-citynr6c 43 25 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 44 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 44 2 also also RB cord-027859-citynr6c 44 3 features feature VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 44 4 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 44 6 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 44 9 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 10 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 11 men man NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 44 12 who who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 44 13 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 44 14 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 15 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 16 men man NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 44 17 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 44 18 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 44 19 recent recent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 44 20 survey survey NN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 21 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 22 male male JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 44 23 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 24 workers worker NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 44 25 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 26 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 44 27 southern southern JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 44 28 city city NN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 29 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 30 Shenzhen Shenzhen NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 44 31 found find VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 44 32 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 33 5 5 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 44 34 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 35 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 44 36 them -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 44 37 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 44 38 HIVpositive HIVpositive NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 44 39 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 45 1 However however RB cord-027859-citynr6c 45 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 45 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 45 4 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 45 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 45 6 potential potential JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 45 7 overlap overlap NN cord-027859-citynr6c 45 8 between between IN cord-027859-citynr6c 45 9 commercial commercial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 45 10 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 45 11 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 45 12 injecting inject VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 45 13 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 45 14 use use NN cord-027859-citynr6c 45 15 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 45 16 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 45 17 likely likely JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 45 18 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 45 19 become become VB cord-027859-citynr6c 45 20 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 45 21 main main JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 45 22 driver driver NN cord-027859-citynr6c 45 23 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 45 24 China China NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 45 25 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 45 26 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 45 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 46 1 Diverse diverse JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 46 2 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 46 3 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 46 4 underway underway JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 46 5 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 46 6 India India NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 46 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 46 8 where where WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 46 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 46 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 46 11 2003 2003 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 46 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 46 13 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 46 14 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 46 15 5.1 5.1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 46 16 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 46 17 Indians Indians NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 46 18 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 46 19 living live VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 46 20 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 46 21 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 46 22 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 47 1 Although although IN cord-027859-citynr6c 47 2 levels level NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 47 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 47 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 47 5 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 47 6 prevalence prevalence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 47 7 appear appear VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 47 8 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 47 9 have have VB cord-027859-citynr6c 47 10 stabilized stabilize VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 47 11 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 47 12 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 47 13 states state NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 47 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 47 15 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 47 16 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 47 17 Tamil Tamil NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 47 18 Nadu Nadu NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 47 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 47 20 Andhra Andhra NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 47 21 Pradesh Pradesh NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 47 22 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 47 23 Karnataka Karnataka NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 47 24 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 47 25 Maharashtra Maharashtra NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 47 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 47 27 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 47 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 47 29 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 47 30 still still RB cord-027859-citynr6c 47 31 increasing increase VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 47 32 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 47 33 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 47 34 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 47 35 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 47 36 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 47 37 groups group NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 47 38 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 47 39 several several JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 47 40 other other JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 47 41 states state NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 47 42 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 48 1 As as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 48 2 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 48 3 result result NN cord-027859-citynr6c 48 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 48 5 overall overall JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 48 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 48 7 prevalence prevalence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 48 8 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 48 9 continued continue VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 48 10 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 48 11 rise rise VB cord-027859-citynr6c 48 12 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 49 1 A a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 49 2 signifi signifi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 49 3 ca can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 49 4 nt not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 49 5 proportion proportion NN cord-027859-citynr6c 49 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 49 7 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 49 8 infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 49 9 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 49 10 occurring occur VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 49 11 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 49 12 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 49 13 who who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 49 14 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 49 15 married married JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 49 16 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 49 17 who who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 49 18 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 49 19 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 49 20 infected infect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 49 21 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 49 22 husbands husband NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 49 23 who who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 49 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 49 25 either either CC cord-027859-citynr6c 49 26 currently currently RB cord-027859-citynr6c 49 27 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 49 28 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 49 29 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 49 30 past past NN cord-027859-citynr6c 49 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 49 32 frequented frequent VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 49 33 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 49 34 workers worker NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 49 35 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 50 1 Commercial commercial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 50 2 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 50 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 50 4 along along IN cord-027859-citynr6c 50 5 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 50 6 injecting inject VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 50 7 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 50 8 use use NN cord-027859-citynr6c 50 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 50 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 50 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 50 12 states state NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 50 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 50 14 Nagaland Nagaland NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 50 15 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 50 16 Tamil Tamil NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 50 17 Nadu Nadu NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 50 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 50 19 serves serve VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 50 20 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 50 21 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 50 22 major major JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 50 23 driver driver NN cord-027859-citynr6c 50 24 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 50 25 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 50 26 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 50 27 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 50 28 most most JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 50 29 parts part NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 50 30 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 50 31 India India NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 50 32 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 51 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 51 2 surveillance surveillance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 51 3 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 51 4 2003 2003 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 51 5 found find VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 51 6 14 14 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 51 7 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 51 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 51 9 commercial commercial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 51 10 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 51 11 workers worker NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 51 12 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 51 13 Karnataka Karnataka NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 51 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 51 15 26 26 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 51 16 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 51 17 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 51 18 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 51 19 city city NN cord-027859-citynr6c 51 20 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 51 21 Mysore Mysore NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 51 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 51 23 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 51 24 19 19 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 51 25 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 51 26 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 51 27 Andhra Andhra NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 51 28 Pradesh Pradesh NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 51 29 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 51 30 infected infect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 51 31 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 51 32 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 51 33 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 52 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 52 2 wellknown wellknown JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 52 3 achievements achievement NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 52 4 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 52 5 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 52 6 workers worker NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 52 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 52 8 Kolkata Kolkata NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 52 9 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 52 10 Sonagachi Sonagachi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 52 11 red red JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 52 12 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 52 13 light light NN cord-027859-citynr6c 52 14 area area NN cord-027859-citynr6c 52 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 52 16 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 52 17 West West NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 52 18 Bengal Bengal NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 52 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 52 20 India India NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 52 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 52 22 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 52 23 shown show VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 52 24 that that DT cord-027859-citynr6c 52 25 safe safe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 52 26 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 52 27 programmes programme NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 52 28 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 52 29 empower empower VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 52 30 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 52 31 workers worker NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 52 32 can can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 52 33 curb curb VB cord-027859-citynr6c 52 34 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 52 35 spread spread NN cord-027859-citynr6c 52 36 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 52 37 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 52 38 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 53 1 Condom condom NN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 2 use use NN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 3 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 4 Sonagachi Sonagachi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 53 5 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 53 6 risen rise VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 7 as as RB cord-027859-citynr6c 53 8 high high JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 53 9 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 10 85 85 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 53 11 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 53 13 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 53 14 prevalence prevalence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 15 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 16 commercial commercial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 53 17 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 18 workers worker NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 53 19 declined decline VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 53 20 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 21 fewer few JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 53 22 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 23 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 53 24 combination combination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 25 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 26 high high JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 53 27 levels level NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 53 28 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 29 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 30 behaviour behaviour NN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 31 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 53 32 limited limited JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 53 33 knowledge knowledge NN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 34 about about IN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 35 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 53 36 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 37 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 38 injectors injector NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 53 39 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 53 40 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 41 workers worker NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 53 42 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 43 Pakistan Pakistan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 53 44 favours favour VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 53 45 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 53 46 rapid rapid JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 53 47 spread spread NN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 48 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 49 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 53 50 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 53 51 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 53 52 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 53 53 data datum NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 53 54 suggest suggest VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 53 55 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 56 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 53 57 country country NN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 58 could could MD cord-027859-citynr6c 53 59 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 53 60 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 61 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 53 62 verge verge NN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 63 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 53 64 serious serious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 53 65 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 53 66 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 53 67 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 54 1 Most Most JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 54 2 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 54 3 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 54 4 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 54 5 still still RB cord-027859-citynr6c 54 6 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 54 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 54 8 opportunity opportunity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 54 9 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 54 10 prevent prevent VB cord-027859-citynr6c 54 11 major major JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 54 12 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 54 13 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 55 1 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 55 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 55 3 where where WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 55 4 national national JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 55 5 adult adult NN cord-027859-citynr6c 55 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 55 7 prevalence prevalence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 55 8 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 55 9 well well RB cord-027859-citynr6c 55 10 below below IN cord-027859-citynr6c 55 11 1 1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 55 12 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 55 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 55 14 began begin VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 55 15 initiating initiate VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 55 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 55 17 prevention prevention NN cord-027859-citynr6c 55 18 programmes programme NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 55 19 early early RB cord-027859-citynr6c 55 20 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 55 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 55 22 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 55 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 56 1 Indonesia Indonesia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 56 2 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 56 3 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 56 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 56 5 brink brink NN cord-027859-citynr6c 56 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 56 7 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 56 8 rapidly rapidly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 56 9 worsening worsen VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 56 10 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 56 11 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 56 12 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 57 1 With with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 57 2 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 57 3 behaviour behaviour NN cord-027859-citynr6c 57 4 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 57 5 injecting inject VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 57 6 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 57 7 users user NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 57 8 common common JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 57 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 57 10 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 57 11 mainly mainly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 57 12 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 57 13 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 57 14 injection injection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 57 15 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 57 16 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 57 17 already already RB cord-027859-citynr6c 57 18 spreading spread VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 57 19 into into IN cord-027859-citynr6c 57 20 remote remote JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 57 21 parts part NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 57 22 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 57 23 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 57 24 archipelago archipelago NN cord-027859-citynr6c 57 25 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 58 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 58 2 Malaysia Malaysia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 58 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 58 4 approximately approximately RB cord-027859-citynr6c 58 5 52 52 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 58 6 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 58 7 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 58 8 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 58 9 living live VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 58 10 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 58 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 58 12 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 58 13 2004 2004 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 58 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 58 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 58 16 vast vast JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 58 17 majority majority NN cord-027859-citynr6c 58 18 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 58 19 them -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 58 20 young young JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 58 21 men man NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 58 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 58 23 aged aged JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 58 24 20 20 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 58 25 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 58 26 29 29 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 58 27 years year NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 58 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 58 29 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 58 30 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 58 31 whom whom WP cord-027859-citynr6c 58 32 approximately approximately RB cord-027859-citynr6c 58 33 75 75 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 58 34 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 58 35 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 58 36 injecting inject VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 58 37 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 58 38 users user NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 58 39 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 59 1 After after IN cord-027859-citynr6c 59 2 peaking peak VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 59 3 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 59 4 3 3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 59 5 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 59 6 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 59 7 1997 1997 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 59 8 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 59 9 national national JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 59 10 adult adult NN cord-027859-citynr6c 59 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 59 12 prevalence prevalence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 59 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 59 14 Cambodia Cambodia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 59 15 fell fall VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 59 16 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 59 17 one one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 59 18 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 59 19 third third NN cord-027859-citynr6c 59 20 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 59 21 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 59 22 1.9 1.9 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 59 23 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 59 24 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 59 25 2003 2003 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 59 26 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 60 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 60 2 reasons reason NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 60 3 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 60 4 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 60 5 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 60 6 two two CD cord-027859-citynr6c 60 7 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 60 8 fold fold RB cord-027859-citynr6c 60 9 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 60 10 increasing increase VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 60 11 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 60 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 60 13 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 60 14 decline decline NN cord-027859-citynr6c 60 15 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 60 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 60 17 incidence incidence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 60 18 due due IN cord-027859-citynr6c 60 19 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 60 20 changes change NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 60 21 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 60 22 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 60 23 behaviour behaviour NN cord-027859-citynr6c 60 24 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 61 1 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 61 2 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 61 3 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 61 4 widely widely RB cord-027859-citynr6c 61 5 hailed hail VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 61 6 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 61 7 one one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 61 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 61 9 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 61 10 success success NN cord-027859-citynr6c 61 11 stories story NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 61 12 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 61 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 61 14 response response NN cord-027859-citynr6c 61 15 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 61 16 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 61 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 62 1 By by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 62 2 2003 2003 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 62 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 62 4 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 62 5 national national JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 62 6 adult adult NN cord-027859-citynr6c 62 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 62 8 prevalence prevalence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 62 9 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 62 10 dropped drop VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 62 11 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 62 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 62 13 lowest low JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 62 14 level level NN cord-027859-citynr6c 62 15 ever ever RB cord-027859-citynr6c 62 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 62 17 approximately approximately RB cord-027859-citynr6c 62 18 1.5 1.5 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 62 19 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 62 20 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 63 1 However however RB cord-027859-citynr6c 63 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 63 3 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 63 4 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 63 5 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 6 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 63 7 far far RB cord-027859-citynr6c 63 8 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 9 over over IN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 10 ; ; : cord-027859-citynr6c 63 11 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 12 levels level NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 63 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 14 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 63 15 most most JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 63 16 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 17 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 63 18 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 19 populations population NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 63 20 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 63 21 much much RB cord-027859-citynr6c 63 22 higher high JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 63 23 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 63 24 just just RB cord-027859-citynr6c 63 25 over over IN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 26 10 10 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 63 27 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 28 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 29 brothel brothel NN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 30 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 63 31 based base VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 32 female female JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 63 33 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 34 workers worker NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 63 35 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 63 36 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 63 37 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 63 38 infected infect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 39 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 40 2003 2003 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 63 41 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 63 42 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 43 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 63 44 45 45 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 63 45 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 46 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 47 injecting inject VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 63 48 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 49 users user NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 63 50 who who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 63 51 attended attend VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 63 52 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 63 53 clinics clinic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 63 54 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 64 1 While while IN cord-027859-citynr6c 64 2 Cambodia Cambodia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 64 3 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 64 4 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 64 5 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 64 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 64 7 1990s 1990s CD cord-027859-citynr6c 64 8 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 64 9 planning plan VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 64 10 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 64 11 introducing introduce VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 64 12 strategies strategy NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 64 13 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 64 14 reverse reverse VB cord-027859-citynr6c 64 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 64 16 spread spread NN cord-027859-citynr6c 64 17 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 64 18 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 64 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 64 20 another another DT cord-027859-citynr6c 64 21 serious serious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 64 22 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 64 23 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 64 24 gaining gain VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 64 25 ground ground NN cord-027859-citynr6c 64 26 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 64 27 neighbouring neighbouring JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 64 28 Myanmar Myanmar NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 64 29 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 65 1 There there RB cord-027859-citynr6c 65 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 65 3 limited limited JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 65 4 prevention prevention NN cord-027859-citynr6c 65 5 efforts effort NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 65 6 led lead VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 65 7 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 65 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 65 9 spreading spread VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 65 10 freely freely RB cord-027859-citynr6c 65 11 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 66 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-027859-citynr6c 66 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 66 3 Myanmar Myanmar NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 66 4 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 66 5 one one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 66 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 66 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 66 8 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 66 9 serious serious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 66 10 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 66 11 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 66 12 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 66 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 66 14 region region NN cord-027859-citynr6c 66 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 66 16 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 66 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 66 18 prevalence prevalence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 66 19 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 66 20 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 66 21 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 66 22 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 66 23 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 66 24 1.8 1.8 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 66 25 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 66 26 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 66 27 2004 2004 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 66 28 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 67 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 67 2 main main JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 67 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 67 4 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 67 5 related relate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 67 6 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 67 7 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 67 8 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 67 9 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 67 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 67 11 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 67 12 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 67 13 living live VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 67 14 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 67 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 67 16 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 67 17 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 67 18 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 67 19 have have VB cord-027859-citynr6c 67 20 had have VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 67 21 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 67 22 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 67 23 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 67 24 husbands husband NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 67 25 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 67 26 boyfriends boyfriend NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 67 27 who who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 67 28 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 67 29 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 67 30 infected infect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 67 31 while while IN cord-027859-citynr6c 67 32 injecting inject VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 67 33 drugs drug NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 67 34 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 67 35 buying buy VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 67 36 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 67 37 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 68 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 68 2 Japan Japan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 68 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 68 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 68 5 number number NN cord-027859-citynr6c 68 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 68 7 reported report VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 68 8 annual annual JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 68 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 68 10 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 68 11 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 68 12 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 68 13 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 68 14 doubled double VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 68 15 since since IN cord-027859-citynr6c 68 16 1994 1994 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 68 17 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 68 18 1995 1995 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 68 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 68 20 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 68 21 reached reach VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 68 22 780 780 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 68 23 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 68 24 2004 2004 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 68 25 ; ; : cord-027859-citynr6c 68 26 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 68 27 highest high JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 68 28 number number NN cord-027859-citynr6c 68 29 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 68 30 date date NN cord-027859-citynr6c 68 31 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 69 1 Much much JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 69 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 69 3 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 69 4 trend trend NN cord-027859-citynr6c 69 5 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 69 6 due due JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 69 7 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 69 8 increasing increase VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 69 9 infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 69 10 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 69 11 men man NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 69 12 who who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 69 13 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 69 14 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 69 15 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 69 16 men man NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 69 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 70 1 Prevalence prevalence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 70 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 70 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 70 4 remains remain VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 70 5 low low JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 70 6 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 70 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 70 8 Philippines Philippines NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 70 9 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 70 10 Lao Lao NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 70 11 PDR PDR NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 70 12 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 71 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 71 2 advance advance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 71 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 71 4 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 71 5 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 71 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 71 7 Middle Middle NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 71 8 East East NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 71 9 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 71 10 North North NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 71 11 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 71 12 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 71 13 continued continue VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 71 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 71 15 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 71 16 latest late JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 71 17 estimates estimate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 71 18 showing show VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 71 19 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 71 20 67 67 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 71 21 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 71 22 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 71 23 became become VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 71 24 infected infect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 71 25 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 71 26 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 71 27 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 71 28 2005 2005 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 71 29 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 72 1 Approximately approximately RB cord-027859-citynr6c 72 2 510 510 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 72 3 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 72 4 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 72 5 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 72 6 living live VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 72 7 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 72 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 72 9 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 72 10 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 72 11 region region NN cord-027859-citynr6c 72 12 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 73 1 An an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 73 2 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 73 3 58 58 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 73 4 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 73 5 adults adult NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 73 6 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 73 7 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 73 8 died die VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 73 9 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 73 10 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 73 11 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 73 12 related relate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 73 13 conditions condition NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 73 14 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 73 15 2005 2005 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 73 16 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 74 1 Although although IN cord-027859-citynr6c 74 2 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 74 3 surveillance surveillance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 74 4 remains remain VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 74 5 weak weak JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 74 6 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 74 7 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 74 8 region region NN cord-027859-citynr6c 74 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 74 10 more more RBR cord-027859-citynr6c 74 11 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 74 12 information information NN cord-027859-citynr6c 74 13 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 74 14 available available JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 74 15 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 74 16 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 74 17 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 74 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 74 19 including include VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 74 20 Algeria Algeria NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 74 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 74 22 Libya Libya NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 74 23 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 74 24 Morocco Morocco NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 74 25 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 74 26 Somalia Somalia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 74 27 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 74 28 Sudan Sudan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 74 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 74 30 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 75 1 Available available JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 75 2 evidence evidence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 75 3 reveals reveal VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 75 4 trends trend NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 75 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 75 6 increasing increase VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 75 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 75 8 infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 75 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 75 10 especially especially RB cord-027859-citynr6c 75 11 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 75 12 younger young JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 75 13 age age NN cord-027859-citynr6c 75 14 groups group NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 75 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 75 16 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 75 17 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 75 18 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 75 19 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 75 20 Algeria Algeria NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 75 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 75 22 Libya Libya NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 75 23 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 75 24 Morocco Morocco NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 75 25 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 75 26 Somalia Somalia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 75 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 76 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 76 2 main main JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 76 3 mode mode NN cord-027859-citynr6c 76 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 76 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 76 6 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 76 7 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 76 8 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 76 9 region region NN cord-027859-citynr6c 76 10 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 76 11 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 76 12 sexual sexual JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 76 13 contact contact NN cord-027859-citynr6c 76 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 76 15 although although IN cord-027859-citynr6c 76 16 injecting inject VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 76 17 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 76 18 use use NN cord-027859-citynr6c 76 19 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 76 20 becoming become VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 76 21 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 76 22 increasingly increasingly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 76 23 important important JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 76 24 factor factor NN cord-027859-citynr6c 76 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 76 26 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 76 27 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 76 28 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 76 29 predominant predominant JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 76 30 mode mode NN cord-027859-citynr6c 76 31 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 76 32 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 76 33 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 76 34 at at RB cord-027859-citynr6c 76 35 least least RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 76 36 two two CD cord-027859-citynr6c 76 37 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 76 38 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 76 39 Iran Iran NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 76 40 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 76 41 Libya Libya NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 76 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 76 43 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 77 1 Infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 77 2 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 77 3 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 77 4 result result NN cord-027859-citynr6c 77 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 77 6 contaminated contaminated JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 77 7 blood blood NN cord-027859-citynr6c 77 8 products product NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 77 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 77 10 blood blood NN cord-027859-citynr6c 77 11 transfusions transfusion NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 77 12 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 77 13 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 77 14 lack lack NN cord-027859-citynr6c 77 15 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 77 16 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 77 17 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 77 18 measures measure NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 77 19 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 77 20 healthcare healthcare NN cord-027859-citynr6c 77 21 settings setting NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 77 22 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 77 23 generally generally RB cord-027859-citynr6c 77 24 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 77 25 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 77 26 decline decline NN cord-027859-citynr6c 77 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 78 1 By by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 78 2 far far RB cord-027859-citynr6c 78 3 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 78 4 worst worst RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 78 5 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 78 6 affected affect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 78 7 country country NN cord-027859-citynr6c 78 8 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 78 9 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 78 10 region region NN cord-027859-citynr6c 78 11 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 78 12 Sudan Sudan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 78 13 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 79 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 79 2 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 79 3 country country NN cord-027859-citynr6c 79 4 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 79 5 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 79 6 long long JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 79 7 history history NN cord-027859-citynr6c 79 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 79 9 civil civil JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 79 10 confl confl NN cord-027859-citynr6c 79 11 ict ict NN cord-027859-citynr6c 79 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 79 13 forced force VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 79 14 displacement displacement NN cord-027859-citynr6c 79 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 79 16 internally internally RB cord-027859-citynr6c 79 17 displaced displace VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 79 18 persons person NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 79 19 face face VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 79 20 higher high JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 79 21 rates rate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 79 22 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 79 23 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 79 24 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 79 25 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 80 1 For for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 2 instance instance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 80 4 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 5 displaced displace VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 6 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 80 7 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 80 8 seeking seek VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 80 9 antenatal antenatal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 80 10 care care NN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 11 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 12 Khartoum Khartoum NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 80 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 14 2004 2004 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 80 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 80 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 80 17 prevalence prevalence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 18 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 19 1.6 1.6 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 80 20 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 21 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 80 22 found find VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 23 compared compare VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 24 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 25 under under IN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 26 0.3 0.3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 80 27 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 28 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 80 29 other other JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 80 30 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 80 31 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 80 32 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 81 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 81 2 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 81 3 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 81 4 Latin Latin NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 81 5 America America NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 81 6 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 81 7 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 81 8 complex complex JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 81 9 mosaic mosaic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 81 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 81 11 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 81 12 patterns pattern NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 81 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 81 14 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 81 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 81 16 continues continue VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 81 17 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 81 18 spread spread VB cord-027859-citynr6c 81 19 through through IN cord-027859-citynr6c 81 20 male male JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 81 21 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 81 22 tomale tomale NN cord-027859-citynr6c 81 23 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 81 24 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 81 25 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 81 26 between between IN cord-027859-citynr6c 81 27 men man NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 81 28 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 81 29 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 81 30 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 81 31 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 81 32 injecting inject VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 81 33 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 81 34 use use NN cord-027859-citynr6c 81 35 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 81 36 _SP cord-027859-citynr6c 82 1 Sub sub JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 82 2 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 82 3 Saharan Saharan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 82 4 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 82 5 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 82 6 just just RB cord-027859-citynr6c 82 7 over over IN cord-027859-citynr6c 82 8 10 10 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 82 9 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 82 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 82 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 82 12 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 82 13 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 82 14 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 82 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 82 16 but but CC cord-027859-citynr6c 82 17 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 82 18 home home NN cord-027859-citynr6c 82 19 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 82 20 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 82 21 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 82 22 60 60 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 82 23 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 82 24 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 82 25 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 82 26 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 82 27 living live VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 82 28 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 82 29 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 82 30 -25 -25 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 82 31 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 83 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 83 2 rights right NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 83 3 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 83 4 status status NN cord-027859-citynr6c 83 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 83 6 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 83 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 83 8 young young JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 83 9 girls girl NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 83 10 deserve deserve VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 83 11 special special JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 83 12 attention attention NN cord-027859-citynr6c 83 13 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 84 1 Around around IN cord-027859-citynr6c 84 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 84 3 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 85 1 -from -from JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 86 1 south south RB cord-027859-citynr6c 86 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 86 3 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 86 4 Sahara Sahara NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 86 5 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 86 6 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 86 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 86 8 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 86 9 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 86 10 Europe Europe NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 86 11 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 86 12 Latin Latin NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 86 13 America America NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 86 14 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 86 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 86 16 Pacifi Pacifi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 86 17 c c NN cord-027859-citynr6c 86 18 -an -an : cord-027859-citynr6c 86 19 increasing increase VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 86 20 number number NN cord-027859-citynr6c 86 21 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 86 22 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 86 23 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 86 24 being be VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 86 25 infected infect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 86 26 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 86 27 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 86 28 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 87 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 87 2 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 87 3 often often RB cord-027859-citynr6c 87 4 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 87 5 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 87 6 little little JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 87 7 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 87 8 no no DT cord-027859-citynr6c 87 9 income income NN cord-027859-citynr6c 87 10 who who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 87 11 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 87 12 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 87 13 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 87 14 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 87 15 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 88 1 Widespread widespread JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 88 2 inequalities inequality NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 88 3 including include VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 88 4 political political JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 88 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 88 6 social social JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 88 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 88 8 cultural cultural JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 88 9 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 88 10 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 88 11 security security NN cord-027859-citynr6c 88 12 factors factor NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 88 13 also also RB cord-027859-citynr6c 88 14 exacerbate exacerbate VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 88 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 88 16 situation situation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 88 17 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 88 18 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 88 19 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 88 20 girls girl NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 88 21 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 89 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 89 2 several several JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 89 3 southern southern JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 89 4 African african JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 89 5 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 89 6 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 89 7 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 89 8 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 89 9 three three CD cord-027859-citynr6c 89 10 quarters quarter NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 89 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 89 12 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 89 13 young young JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 89 14 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 89 15 living live VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 89 16 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 89 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 89 18 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 89 19 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 89 20 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 89 21 while while IN cord-027859-citynr6c 89 22 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 89 23 sub sub JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 89 24 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 89 25 Saharan Saharan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 89 26 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 89 27 overall overall RB cord-027859-citynr6c 89 28 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 89 29 young young JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 89 30 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 89 31 between between IN cord-027859-citynr6c 89 32 15 15 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 89 33 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 89 34 24 24 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 89 35 years year NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 89 36 old old JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 89 37 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 89 38 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 89 39 least least RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 89 40 three three CD cord-027859-citynr6c 89 41 times time NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 89 42 more more RBR cord-027859-citynr6c 89 43 likely likely JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 89 44 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 89 45 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 89 46 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 89 47 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 89 48 positive positive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 89 49 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 89 50 young young JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 89 51 men man NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 89 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 89 53 Figure figure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 89 54 3 3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 89 55 .5 .5 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 89 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 89 57 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 90 1 6 6 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 91 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 91 2 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 91 3 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 91 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 91 5 marriage marriage NN cord-027859-citynr6c 91 6 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 91 7 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 91 8 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 91 9 own own JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 91 10 fi fi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 91 11 delity delity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 91 12 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 91 13 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 91 14 enough enough JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 91 15 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 91 16 protect protect VB cord-027859-citynr6c 91 17 them -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 91 18 against against IN cord-027859-citynr6c 91 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 91 20 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 91 21 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 92 1 Among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 2 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 92 3 surveyed survey VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 4 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 5 Harare Harare NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 92 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 92 7 Zimbabwe Zimbabwe NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 92 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 92 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 92 10 Durban Durban NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 92 11 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 92 12 Soweto Soweto NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 92 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 92 14 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 92 15 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 92 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 92 17 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 92 18 66 66 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 92 19 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 20 reported report VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 92 21 having have VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 92 22 one one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 92 23 lifetime lifetime NN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 24 partner partner NN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 25 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 92 26 79 79 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 92 27 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 28 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 92 29 abstained abstain VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 30 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 31 sex sex NN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 32 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 33 least least JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 92 34 until until IN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 35 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 92 36 age age NN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 37 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 38 17 17 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 92 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 92 40 roughly roughly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 92 41 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 92 42 average average JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 92 43 age age NN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 44 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 45 fi fi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 46 rst rst NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 92 47 sexual sexual JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 92 48 encounter encounter NN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 49 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 50 most most JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 92 51 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 92 52 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 53 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 92 54 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 92 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 92 56 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 93 1 Yet yet RB cord-027859-citynr6c 93 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 93 3 40 40 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 93 4 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 93 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 93 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 93 7 young young JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 93 8 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 93 9 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 93 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 93 11 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 93 12 positive positive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 93 13 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 94 1 Many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 94 2 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 94 3 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 94 4 infected infect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 94 5 despite despite IN cord-027859-citynr6c 94 6 staying stay VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 94 7 faithful faithful JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 94 8 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 94 9 one one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 94 10 partner partner NN cord-027859-citynr6c 94 11 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 95 1 Diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 95 2 remains remain VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 95 3 one one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 95 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 95 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 95 6 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 95 7 common common JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 95 8 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 95 9 affl affl NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 95 10 icting icte VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 95 11 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 95 12 under under IN cord-027859-citynr6c 95 13 5 5 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 95 14 years year NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 95 15 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 95 16 age age NN cord-027859-citynr6c 95 17 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 95 18 accounts account NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 95 19 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 95 20 considerable considerable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 95 21 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 95 22 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 95 23 childhood childhood NN cord-027859-citynr6c 95 24 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 96 1 Estimates estimate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 96 2 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 96 3 studies study NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 96 4 published publish VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 96 5 between between IN cord-027859-citynr6c 96 6 1992 1992 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 96 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 96 8 2000 2000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 96 9 show show VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 96 10 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 96 11 there there EX cord-027859-citynr6c 96 12 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 96 13 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 96 14 median median NN cord-027859-citynr6c 96 15 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 96 16 3.2 3.2 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 96 17 episodes episode NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 96 18 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 96 19 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 96 20 per per IN cord-027859-citynr6c 96 21 child child NN cord-027859-citynr6c 96 22 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 96 23 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 96 24 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 96 25 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 96 26 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 96 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 97 1 This this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 97 2 indicates indicate VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 97 3 little little JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 97 4 change change NN cord-027859-citynr6c 97 5 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 97 6 previously previously RB cord-027859-citynr6c 97 7 described describe VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 97 8 incidences incidence NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 97 9 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 98 1 Estimates estimate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 98 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 3 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 4 revealed reveal VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 98 5 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 6 4.9 4.9 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 98 7 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 98 8 per per IN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 9 1000 1000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 98 10 / / SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 98 11 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 12 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 13 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 98 14 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 98 15 died die VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 98 16 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 17 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 98 18 result result NN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 20 diarrhoeal diarrhoeal NN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 21 illness illness NN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 22 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 23 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 98 24 fi fi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 25 rst rst NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 98 26 5 5 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 98 27 years year NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 98 28 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 29 life life NN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 30 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 98 31 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 98 32 decline decline NN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 33 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 34 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 98 35 previous previous JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 98 36 estimates estimate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 98 37 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 38 5.6 5.6 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 98 39 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 98 40 3.6 3.6 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 98 41 per per IN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 42 1000 1000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 98 43 / / SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 98 44 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 98 45 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 99 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 99 2 decrease decrease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 99 3 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 99 4 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 99 5 pronounced pronounce VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 99 6 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 99 7 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 99 8 aged age VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 99 9 under under IN cord-027859-citynr6c 99 10 one one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 99 11 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 99 12 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 100 1 Despite despite IN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 2 improving improve VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 100 3 trends trend NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 100 4 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 5 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 6 rates rate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 100 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 100 8 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 9 accounted account VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 100 10 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 11 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 100 12 median median NN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 14 21 21 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 100 15 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 16 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 17 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 100 18 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 100 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 20 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 100 21 aged age VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 22 under under IN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 23 5 5 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 100 24 years year NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 100 25 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 26 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 100 27 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 100 28 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 100 29 being be VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 100 30 responsible responsible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 100 31 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 32 2.5 2.5 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 100 33 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 100 34 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 100 35 per per IN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 36 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 100 37 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 101 1 There there EX cord-027859-citynr6c 101 2 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 101 3 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 101 4 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 101 5 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 101 6 concurrent concurrent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 101 7 decrease decrease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 101 8 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 101 9 morbidity morbidity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 101 10 rates rate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 101 11 attributable attributable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 101 12 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 101 13 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 101 14 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 102 1 As as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 102 2 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 102 3 growth growth NN cord-027859-citynr6c 102 4 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 102 5 focused focus VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 102 6 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 102 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 102 8 poorest poor JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 102 9 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 102 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 102 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 102 12 total total JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 102 13 morbidity morbidity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 102 14 component component NN cord-027859-citynr6c 102 15 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 102 16 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 102 17 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 102 18 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 102 19 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 102 20 greater great JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 102 21 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 102 22 previously previously RB cord-027859-citynr6c 102 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 103 1 7 7 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 103 2 Diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 103 3 remains remain VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 103 4 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 103 5 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 103 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 103 7 poverty poverty NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 103 8 affl affl NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 103 9 icting icte VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 103 10 malnourished malnourished JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 103 11 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 103 12 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 103 13 crowded crowded JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 103 14 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 103 15 contaminated contaminated JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 103 16 environments environment NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 103 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 104 1 Efforts effort NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 104 2 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 104 3 immunize immunize VB cord-027859-citynr6c 104 4 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 104 5 against against IN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 6 measles measle NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 104 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 104 8 provide provide VB cord-027859-citynr6c 104 9 safe safe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 104 10 water water NN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 11 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 104 12 adequate adequate JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 104 13 sanitation sanitation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 14 facilities facility NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 104 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 104 16 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 104 17 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 104 18 encourage encourage VB cord-027859-citynr6c 104 19 mothers mother NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 104 20 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 21 exclusively exclusively RB cord-027859-citynr6c 104 22 breast breast NN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 23 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 104 24 feed feed NN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 25 infants infant NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 104 26 through through IN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 27 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 28 6 6 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 104 29 months month NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 104 30 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 31 age age NN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 32 can can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 104 33 blunt blunt VB cord-027859-citynr6c 104 34 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 104 35 increase increase NN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 36 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 37 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 38 morbidity morbidity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 39 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 104 40 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 104 41 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 105 1 Preventive preventive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 105 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 105 3 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 105 4 limit limit VB cord-027859-citynr6c 105 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 105 6 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 8 diarrhoeal diarrhoeal NN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 9 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 10 need need VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 105 11 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 105 12 go go VB cord-027859-citynr6c 105 13 hand hand NN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 14 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 15 hand hand NN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 16 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 17 national national JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 105 18 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 19 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 20 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 21 programmes programme NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 105 22 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 105 23 concentrate concentrate VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 105 24 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 25 effective effective JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 105 26 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 27 case case NN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 28 management management NN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 29 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 105 30 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 105 31 prevention prevention NN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 32 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 33 dehydration dehydration NN cord-027859-citynr6c 105 34 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 106 1 8 8 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 107 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 107 2 factors factor NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 107 3 contributing contribute VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 107 4 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 107 5 childhood childhood NN cord-027859-citynr6c 107 6 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 107 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 107 8 morbidity morbidity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 107 9 due due IN cord-027859-citynr6c 107 10 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 107 11 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 107 12 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 107 13 described describe VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 107 14 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 107 15 Table Table NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 107 16 3 3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 107 17 .2 .2 NFP cord-027859-citynr6c 107 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 108 1 8 8 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 108 2 Studies study NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 108 3 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 4 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 108 5 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 108 6 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 108 7 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 108 8 clearly clearly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 108 9 shown show VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 10 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 11 establishment establishment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 13 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 108 14 oral oral JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 108 15 rehydration rehydration NN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 16 therapy therapy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 108 18 ORT ORT NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 108 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 108 20 unit unit NN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 21 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 22 training training NN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 23 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 24 hospital hospital NN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 25 staff staff NN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 26 can can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 108 27 signifi signifi VB cord-027859-citynr6c 108 28 cantly cantly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 108 29 reduce reduce VB cord-027859-citynr6c 108 30 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 31 case case NN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 32 fatality fatality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 108 33 rates rate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 108 34 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 109 1 For for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 109 2 instance instance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 109 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 109 4 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 109 5 Mama Mama NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 109 6 Yemo Yemo NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 109 7 Hospital Hospital NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 109 8 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 109 9 Kinshasa Kinshasa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 109 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 109 11 Zaire Zaire NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 109 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 109 13 there there EX cord-027859-citynr6c 109 14 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 109 15 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 109 16 69 69 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 109 17 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 109 18 decline decline NN cord-027859-citynr6c 109 19 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 109 20 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 109 21 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 109 22 after after IN cord-027859-citynr6c 109 23 creation creation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 109 24 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 109 25 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 109 26 ORT ORT NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 109 27 unit unit NN cord-027859-citynr6c 109 28 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 110 1 9 9 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 111 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 2 May May NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 111 3 2002 2002 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 111 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 111 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 111 6 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 111 7 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 111 8 Organization Organization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 111 9 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 111 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 111 11 United United NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 111 12 Nations Nations NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 111 13 Children Children NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 111 14 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 111 15 Fund Fund NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 111 16 recommended recommend VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 111 17 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 18 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 111 19 formulation formulation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 20 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 21 oral oral JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 111 22 rehydration rehydration NN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 23 solution solution NN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 111 25 ORS ORS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 111 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 111 27 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 28 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 29 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 30 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 111 31 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 32 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 33 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 111 34 changed change VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 35 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 36 one one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 111 37 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 38 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 111 39 reduced reduce VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 40 osmolarity osmolarity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 41 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 111 42 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 43 safety safety NN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 44 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 45 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 111 46 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 111 47 formulation formulation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 48 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 111 49 particularly particularly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 111 50 development development NN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 51 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 52 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 111 53 hyponatremia hyponatremia NN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 54 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 111 55 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 111 56 monitored monitor VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 111 57 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 112 1 10 10 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 113 1 A a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 113 2 total total NN cord-027859-citynr6c 113 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 113 4 53 53 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 113 5 280 280 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 113 6 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 113 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 113 8 including include VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 113 9 22 22 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 113 10 536 536 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 113 11 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 113 12 younger young JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 113 13 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 113 14 60 60 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 113 15 months month NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 113 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 113 17 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 113 18 monitored monitor VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 113 19 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 113 20 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 113 21 Dhaka Dhaka NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 113 22 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 113 23 Matlab Matlab NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 113 24 hospitals hospital NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 113 25 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 113 26 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 113 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 114 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 114 2 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 4 symptoms symptom NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 114 5 associated associate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 6 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 7 hyponatraemia hyponatraemia NN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 8 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 9 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 114 10 Diarrhoeal Diarrhoeal NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 114 11 Disease Disease NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 114 12 treated treat VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 13 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 14 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 114 15 reduced reduce VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 16 osmolarity osmolarity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 17 ORS ORS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 114 18 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 114 19 found find VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 20 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 114 21 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 114 22 minimal minimal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 114 23 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 114 24 did do VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 114 25 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 114 26 increase increase VB cord-027859-citynr6c 114 27 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 28 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 114 29 change change NN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 30 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 31 formulation formulation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 114 32 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 115 1 10 10 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 115 2 Changing change VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 115 3 patterns pattern NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 115 4 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 115 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 115 6 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-027859-citynr6c 115 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 115 8 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 115 9 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 115 10 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 115 11 noted note VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 115 12 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 115 13 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 115 14 studies study NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 115 15 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 116 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 2 Matlab Matlab NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 116 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 116 4 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 116 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 116 6 acute acute JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 116 7 watery watery JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 116 8 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 9 accounted account VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 116 10 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 11 34 34 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 116 12 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 14 diarrhoea diarrhoea JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 116 15 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 116 16 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 17 under under NN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 18 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 116 19 fi fi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 20 ves ves NN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 116 22 while while IN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 23 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 116 24 remaining remain VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 116 25 66 66 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 116 26 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 27 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 116 28 related relate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 29 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 30 dysentery dysentery JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 116 31 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 116 32 persistent persistent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 116 33 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 34 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 116 35 malnutrition malnutrition NN cord-027859-citynr6c 116 36 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 117 1 This this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 117 2 pattern pattern NN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 3 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 117 4 age age NN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 5 dependent dependent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 117 6 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 117 7 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 8 acute acute JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 117 9 watery watery JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 117 10 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 117 11 being be VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 117 12 more more RBR cord-027859-citynr6c 117 13 important important JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 117 14 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 15 infancy infancy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 117 17 being be VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 117 18 associated associate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 19 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 20 40 40 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 117 21 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 22 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 23 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 117 24 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 117 25 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 117 26 less less RBR cord-027859-citynr6c 117 27 important important JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 117 28 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 29 later later JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 117 30 childhood childhood NN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 31 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 117 32 being be VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 117 33 associated associate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 34 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 35 10 10 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 117 36 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 37 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 117 38 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 117 39 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 118 1 11 11 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 118 2 Rotavirus rotavirus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 3 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 118 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 118 5 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 118 6 common common JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 118 7 cause cause NN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 9 severe severe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 118 10 diarrhoeal diarrhoeal NN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 11 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 12 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 13 infants infant NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 118 14 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 118 15 young young JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 118 16 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 118 17 all all RB cord-027859-citynr6c 118 18 over over IN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 19 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 118 20 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 118 22 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 118 23 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 118 24 important important JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 118 25 public public JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 118 26 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 27 problem problem NN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 28 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 118 29 particularly particularly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 118 30 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 31 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 118 32 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 118 33 where where WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 118 34 600 600 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 118 35 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 118 36 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 118 37 each each DT cord-027859-citynr6c 118 38 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 39 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 118 40 associated associate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 41 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 42 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 118 43 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 118 44 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 119 1 More More JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 119 2 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 119 3 125 125 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 119 4 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 119 5 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 119 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 119 7 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 119 8 each each DT cord-027859-citynr6c 119 9 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 119 10 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 119 11 attributed attribute VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 119 12 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 119 13 rotavirus rotavirus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 119 14 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 120 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 120 2 tropical tropical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 120 3 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 120 4 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 120 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 120 6 rotavirus rotavirus JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 120 7 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 120 8 occurs occur VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 120 9 either either CC cord-027859-citynr6c 120 10 throughout throughout IN cord-027859-citynr6c 120 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 120 12 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 120 13 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 120 14 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 120 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 120 16 cold cold JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 120 17 dry dry JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 120 18 season season NN cord-027859-citynr6c 120 19 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 121 1 Almost almost RB cord-027859-citynr6c 121 2 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 121 3 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 121 4 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 121 5 already already RB cord-027859-citynr6c 121 6 infected infect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 121 7 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 121 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 121 9 age age NN cord-027859-citynr6c 121 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 121 11 3 3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 121 12 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 121 13 5 5 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 121 14 years year NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 121 15 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 122 1 Although although IN cord-027859-citynr6c 122 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 122 3 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 122 4 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 122 5 usually usually RB cord-027859-citynr6c 122 6 mild mild JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 122 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 122 8 severe severe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 122 9 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 122 10 may may MD cord-027859-citynr6c 122 11 rapidly rapidly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 122 12 result result VB cord-027859-citynr6c 122 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 122 14 life life NN cord-027859-citynr6c 122 15 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 122 16 threatening threaten VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 122 17 dehydration dehydration NN cord-027859-citynr6c 122 18 if if IN cord-027859-citynr6c 122 19 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 122 20 appropriately appropriately RB cord-027859-citynr6c 122 21 treated treat VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 122 22 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 123 1 Natural natural JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 123 2 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 123 3 protects protect VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 123 4 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 123 5 against against IN cord-027859-citynr6c 123 6 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 123 7 severe severe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 123 8 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 123 9 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 124 1 Globally globally RB cord-027859-citynr6c 124 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 124 3 four four CD cord-027859-citynr6c 124 4 serotypes serotype NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 124 5 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 124 6 responsible responsible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 124 7 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 124 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 124 9 majority majority NN cord-027859-citynr6c 124 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 124 11 rotaviral rotaviral JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 124 12 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 124 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 124 14 but but CC cord-027859-citynr6c 124 15 additional additional JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 124 16 serotypes serotype NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 124 17 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 124 18 prevalent prevalent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 124 19 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 124 20 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 124 21 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 124 22 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 125 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 125 2 only only JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 125 3 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 125 4 measure measure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 125 5 likely likely JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 125 6 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 125 7 have have VB cord-027859-citynr6c 125 8 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 125 9 signifi signifi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 125 10 ca can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 125 11 nt not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 125 12 impact impact VB cord-027859-citynr6c 125 13 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 125 14 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 125 15 incidence incidence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 125 16 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 125 17 severe severe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 125 18 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 125 19 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 125 20 vaccination vaccination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 125 21 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 126 1 Since since IN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 126 3 withdrawal withdrawal NN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 4 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 126 6 market market NN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 126 9 tetravalent tetravalent NN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 10 rhesus rhesu NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 126 11 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 126 12 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 126 13 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 126 14 vaccine vaccine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 126 16 RotaShield RotaShield NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 126 17 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 126 18 Wyeth Wyeth NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 126 19 Laboratories Laboratories NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 126 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 126 21 because because IN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 22 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 23 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 126 24 association association NN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 25 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 26 intussusception intussusception NN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 27 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 126 28 ruling rule VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 126 29 out out RP cord-027859-citynr6c 126 30 such such PDT cord-027859-citynr6c 126 31 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 126 32 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 33 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 126 34 become become VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 35 critical critical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 126 36 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 37 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 126 38 licensure licensure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 39 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 126 40 universal universal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 126 41 use use NN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 42 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 43 any any DT cord-027859-citynr6c 126 44 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 126 45 rotavirus rotavirus JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 126 46 vaccine vaccine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 126 47 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 127 1 Recent recent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 127 2 studies study NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 127 3 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 127 4 shown show VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 5 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 6 two two CD cord-027859-citynr6c 127 7 oral oral JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 127 8 doses dose NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 127 9 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 127 11 live live JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 127 12 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 127 13 G1P g1p CD cord-027859-citynr6c 127 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 127 15 8 8 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 127 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 127 17 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 127 18 rotavirus rotavirus JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 127 19 vaccine vaccine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 20 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 127 21 highly highly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 127 22 effi effi JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 127 23 cacious cacious NN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 24 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 25 protecting protect VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 127 26 infants infant NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 127 27 against against IN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 28 severe severe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 127 29 rotavirus rotavirus JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 127 30 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 31 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 127 32 signifi signifi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 127 33 cantly cantly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 127 34 reduced reduce VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 127 35 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 127 36 rate rate NN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 37 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 38 severe severe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 127 39 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 40 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 41 any any DT cord-027859-citynr6c 127 42 cause cause NN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 43 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 127 44 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 127 45 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 127 46 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 127 47 associated associate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 48 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 49 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 127 50 increased increase VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 51 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 52 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 53 intussusception intussusception NN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 54 linked link VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 55 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 56 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 127 57 previous previous JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 127 58 vaccine vaccine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 127 59 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 128 1 12 12 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 128 2 Man man NN cord-027859-citynr6c 128 3 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 128 4 both both CC cord-027859-citynr6c 128 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 128 6 reservoir reservoir NN cord-027859-citynr6c 128 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 128 8 natural natural JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 128 9 host host NN cord-027859-citynr6c 128 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 128 11 Shigella Shigella NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 128 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 128 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 128 14 commonest common JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 128 15 cause cause NN cord-027859-citynr6c 128 16 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 128 17 dysentery dysentery NN cord-027859-citynr6c 128 18 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 128 19 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 128 20 tropics tropic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 128 21 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 129 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 129 2 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 129 3 severe severe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 129 4 infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 129 5 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 129 6 caused cause VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 129 7 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 129 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 129 9 S. S. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 129 10 dysenteriae dysenteriae NN cord-027859-citynr6c 129 11 type type NN cord-027859-citynr6c 129 12 1 1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 129 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 129 14 also also RB cord-027859-citynr6c 129 15 known know VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 129 16 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 129 17 Shiga Shiga NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 129 18 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 129 19 bacillus bacillus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 129 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 129 21 ; ; : cord-027859-citynr6c 129 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 129 23 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 129 24 also also RB cord-027859-citynr6c 129 25 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 129 26 only only JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 129 27 serotype serotype NN cord-027859-citynr6c 129 28 implicated implicate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 129 29 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 129 30 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 129 31 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 130 1 Infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 130 2 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 130 3 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 130 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 130 5 faecal faecal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 130 6 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 130 7 oral oral JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 130 8 route route NN cord-027859-citynr6c 130 9 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 130 10 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 130 11 usually usually RB cord-027859-citynr6c 130 12 spread spread VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 130 13 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 130 14 personto personto NN cord-027859-citynr6c 130 15 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 130 16 person person NN cord-027859-citynr6c 130 17 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 130 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 131 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 131 2 takes take VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 131 3 only only RB cord-027859-citynr6c 131 4 10 10 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 131 5 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 131 6 100 100 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 131 7 shigella shigella NN cord-027859-citynr6c 131 8 organisms organism NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 131 9 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 131 10 produce produce VB cord-027859-citynr6c 131 11 dysentery dysentery NN cord-027859-citynr6c 131 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 131 13 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 131 14 low low JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 131 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 131 16 dose dose NN cord-027859-citynr6c 131 17 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 131 18 whereas whereas IN cord-027859-citynr6c 131 19 1 1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 131 20 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 131 21 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 131 22 10 10 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 131 23 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 131 24 organisms organism NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 131 25 may may MD cord-027859-citynr6c 131 26 need need VB cord-027859-citynr6c 131 27 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 131 28 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 131 29 swallowed swallow VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 131 30 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 131 31 cause cause VB cord-027859-citynr6c 131 32 cholera cholera NN cord-027859-citynr6c 131 33 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 132 1 During during IN cord-027859-citynr6c 132 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 132 3 late late JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 132 4 1960s 1960 NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 132 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 132 6 Shiga Shiga NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 132 7 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 132 8 bacillus bacillus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 132 9 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 132 10 responsible responsible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 132 11 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 132 12 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 132 13 series series NN cord-027859-citynr6c 132 14 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 132 15 devastating devastating JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 132 16 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 132 17 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 132 18 dysentery dysentery NN cord-027859-citynr6c 132 19 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 132 20 Latin Latin NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 132 21 America America NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 132 22 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 132 23 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 132 24 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 132 25 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 132 26 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 133 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 133 2 1967 1967 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 133 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 133 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 133 5 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 133 6 detected detect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 133 7 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 133 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 133 9 Mexican mexican JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 133 10 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 133 11 Guatemalan guatemalan JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 133 12 border border NN cord-027859-citynr6c 133 13 area area NN cord-027859-citynr6c 133 14 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 133 15 spread spread VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 133 16 into into IN cord-027859-citynr6c 133 17 much much JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 133 18 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 133 19 Central Central NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 133 20 America America NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 133 21 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 134 1 An an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 134 2 estimated estimated JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 134 3 half half PDT cord-027859-citynr6c 134 4 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 134 5 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 134 6 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 134 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 134 8 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 134 9 20 20 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 134 10 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 134 11 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 134 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 134 13 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 134 14 reported report VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 134 15 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 134 16 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 134 17 region region NN cord-027859-citynr6c 134 18 between between IN cord-027859-citynr6c 134 19 1967 1967 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 134 20 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 134 21 1971 1971 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 134 22 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 135 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 135 2 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 135 3 villages village NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 135 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 135 5 case case NN cord-027859-citynr6c 135 6 fatality fatality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 135 7 rate rate NN cord-027859-citynr6c 135 8 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 135 9 as as RB cord-027859-citynr6c 135 10 high high JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 135 11 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 135 12 15 15 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 135 13 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 135 14 ; ; , cord-027859-citynr6c 135 15 delayed delay VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 135 16 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 135 17 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 135 18 incorrect incorrect JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 135 19 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 135 20 may may MD cord-027859-citynr6c 135 21 have have VB cord-027859-citynr6c 135 22 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 135 23 responsible responsible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 135 24 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 135 25 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 135 26 high high JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 135 27 death death NN cord-027859-citynr6c 135 28 rate rate NN cord-027859-citynr6c 135 29 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 136 1 One one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 136 2 particularly particularly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 136 3 disturbing disturbing JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 136 4 feature feature NN cord-027859-citynr6c 136 5 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 136 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 136 7 resistance resistance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 136 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 136 9 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 136 10 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 136 11 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 136 12 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 136 13 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 136 14 commonly commonly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 136 15 used use VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 136 16 antibacterial antibacterial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 136 17 drugs drug NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 136 18 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 136 19 sulfonamides sulfonamide NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 136 20 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 136 21 tetracycline tetracycline NN cord-027859-citynr6c 136 22 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 136 23 chloramphenicol chloramphenicol NN cord-027859-citynr6c 136 24 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 137 1 13 13 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 137 2 Serious serious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 137 3 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 137 4 due due JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 137 5 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 137 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 137 7 multiple multiple JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 137 8 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 137 9 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 137 10 resistant resistant JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 137 11 S. S. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 137 12 dysenteriae dysenteriae NN cord-027859-citynr6c 137 13 type type NN cord-027859-citynr6c 137 14 1 1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 137 15 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 137 16 occurred occur VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 137 17 recently recently RB cord-027859-citynr6c 137 18 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 137 19 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 137 20 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 137 21 Somalia Somalia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 137 22 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 137 23 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 137 24 India India NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 137 25 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 137 26 Burma Burma NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 137 27 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 137 28 Sri Sri NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 137 29 Lanka Lanka NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 137 30 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 137 31 Nepal Nepal NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 137 32 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 137 33 Bhutan Bhutan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 137 34 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 137 35 Rwanda Rwanda NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 137 36 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 137 37 Zaire Zaire NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 137 38 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 138 1 West West NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 138 2 Bengal Bengal NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 138 3 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 138 4 India India NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 138 5 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 138 6 always always RB cord-027859-citynr6c 138 7 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 138 8 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 138 9 endemic endemic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 138 10 area area NN cord-027859-citynr6c 138 11 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 138 12 bacillary bacillary JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 138 13 dysentery dysentery NN cord-027859-citynr6c 138 14 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 139 1 Preventive preventive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 139 2 measures measure NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 139 3 include include VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 139 4 boiling boiling NN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 5 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 139 6 chlorination chlorination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 8 drinking drinking NN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 9 water water NN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 139 11 covering cover VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 139 12 faeces faece NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 139 13 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 14 soil soil NN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 139 16 protecting protect VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 139 17 food food NN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 18 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 19 fl fl NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 139 20 ies ies NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 139 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 139 22 avoiding avoid VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 139 23 eating eat VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 139 24 exposed expose VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 25 raw raw JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 139 26 vegetables vegetable NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 139 27 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 139 28 cut cut VB cord-027859-citynr6c 139 29 fruits fruit NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 139 30 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 139 31 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 139 32 washing wash VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 139 33 hands hand NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 139 34 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 35 soap soap NN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 36 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 139 37 water water NN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 38 before before IN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 39 eating eat VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 139 40 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 139 41 after after IN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 42 using use VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 139 43 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 139 44 latrine latrine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 139 45 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 140 1 However however RB cord-027859-citynr6c 140 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 140 3 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 140 4 measures measure NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 140 5 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 140 6 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 140 7 easy easy JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 140 8 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 140 9 implement implement VB cord-027859-citynr6c 140 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 140 11 most most JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 140 12 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 140 13 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 141 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-027859-citynr6c 141 2 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 141 3 take take VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 141 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 141 5 own own JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 141 6 course course NN cord-027859-citynr6c 141 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 141 8 subside subside VB cord-027859-citynr6c 141 9 only only RB cord-027859-citynr6c 141 10 gradually gradually RB cord-027859-citynr6c 141 11 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 142 1 13 13 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 142 2 TUBERCULOSIS TUBERCULOSIS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 142 3 Tuberculosis Tuberculosis NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 142 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 142 5 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 142 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 142 7 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 142 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 142 9 leading leading JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 142 10 cause cause NN cord-027859-citynr6c 142 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 142 12 death death NN cord-027859-citynr6c 142 13 associated associate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 142 14 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 142 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 142 16 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 142 17 globally globally RB cord-027859-citynr6c 142 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 143 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 143 2 incidence incidence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 143 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 143 4 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 143 5 will will MD cord-027859-citynr6c 143 6 continue continue VB cord-027859-citynr6c 143 7 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 143 8 increase increase VB cord-027859-citynr6c 143 9 substantially substantially RB cord-027859-citynr6c 143 10 worldwide worldwide RB cord-027859-citynr6c 143 11 because because IN cord-027859-citynr6c 143 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 143 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 143 14 interaction interaction NN cord-027859-citynr6c 143 15 between between IN cord-027859-citynr6c 143 16 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 143 17 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 143 18 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 143 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 143 20 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 143 21 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 144 1 14 14 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 145 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 145 2 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 145 3 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 145 4 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 145 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 145 6 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 145 7 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 145 8 mainly mainly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 145 9 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 145 10 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 145 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 145 12 young young JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 145 13 adults adult NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 145 14 affecting affect VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 145 15 carers carer NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 145 16 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 145 17 wage wage NN cord-027859-citynr6c 145 18 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 145 19 earners earner NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 145 20 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 145 21 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 145 22 household household NN cord-027859-citynr6c 145 23 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 145 24 thus thus RB cord-027859-citynr6c 145 25 placing place VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 145 26 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 145 27 huge huge JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 145 28 economic economic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 145 29 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 145 30 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 145 31 society society NN cord-027859-citynr6c 145 32 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 145 33 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 145 34 whole whole NN cord-027859-citynr6c 145 35 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 146 1 Chemotherapy chemotherapy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 146 3 if if IN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 4 properly properly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 146 5 used use VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 6 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 146 7 can can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 146 8 reduce reduce VB cord-027859-citynr6c 146 9 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 146 10 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 12 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 146 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 14 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 146 15 community community NN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 146 17 but but CC cord-027859-citynr6c 146 18 because because IN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 20 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 146 21 fragile fragile JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 146 22 structure structure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 23 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 24 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 25 programmes programme NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 146 26 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 27 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 146 28 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 146 29 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 146 30 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 146 31 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 146 32 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 146 33 completely completely RB cord-027859-citynr6c 146 34 cured cure VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 35 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 146 36 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 146 37 remain remain VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 146 38 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 146 39 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 40 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 146 41 much much RB cord-027859-citynr6c 146 42 longer long JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 146 43 time time NN cord-027859-citynr6c 146 44 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 147 1 Another another DT cord-027859-citynr6c 147 2 important important JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 147 3 consequence consequence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 147 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 147 5 poor poor JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 147 6 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 147 7 compliance compliance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 147 8 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 147 9 development development NN cord-027859-citynr6c 147 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 147 11 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 147 12 resistance resistance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 147 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 147 14 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 147 15 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 147 16 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 147 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 148 1 Resistance resistance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 148 2 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 148 3 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 148 4 drugs drug NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 148 5 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 148 6 probably probably RB cord-027859-citynr6c 148 7 present present JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 148 8 everywhere everywhere RB cord-027859-citynr6c 148 9 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 148 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 148 11 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 148 12 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 149 1 15 15 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 149 2 Worldwide Worldwide NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 149 3 attention attention NN cord-027859-citynr6c 149 4 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 149 5 focused focus VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 149 6 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 149 7 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 149 8 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 149 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 149 10 when when WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 149 11 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 149 12 October October NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 149 13 2006 2006 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 149 14 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 149 15 research research NN cord-027859-citynr6c 149 16 project project NN cord-027859-citynr6c 149 17 publicized publicize VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 149 18 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 149 19 deadly deadly JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 149 20 outbreak outbreak NN cord-027859-citynr6c 149 21 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 149 22 XDR XDR NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 149 23 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 149 24 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 149 25 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 149 26 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 149 27 small small JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 149 28 town town NN cord-027859-citynr6c 149 29 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 149 30 Tugela Tugela NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 149 31 Ferry Ferry NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 149 32 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 149 33 KwaZulu KwaZulu NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 149 34 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 149 35 Natal Natal NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 149 36 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 150 1 XDR XDR NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 150 2 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 150 3 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 150 4 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 150 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 150 6 abbreviation abbreviation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 150 7 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 150 8 extensively extensively RB cord-027859-citynr6c 150 9 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 150 10 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 150 11 resistant resistant JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 150 12 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 150 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 150 14 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 150 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 150 16 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 151 1 This this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 151 2 strain strain NN cord-027859-citynr6c 151 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 151 4 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 151 5 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 151 6 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 151 7 resistant resistant JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 151 8 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 151 9 fi fi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 151 10 rstand rstand JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 151 11 second second JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 151 12 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 151 13 line line NN cord-027859-citynr6c 151 14 drugs drug NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 151 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 151 16 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 151 17 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 151 18 options option NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 151 19 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 151 20 seriously seriously RB cord-027859-citynr6c 151 21 limited limited JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 151 22 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 152 1 Of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 152 2 536 536 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 152 3 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 152 4 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 152 5 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 152 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 152 7 Church Church NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 152 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 152 9 Scotland Scotland NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 152 10 Hospital Hospital NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 152 11 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 152 12 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 152 13 serves serve VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 152 14 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 152 15 rural rural JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 152 16 area area NN cord-027859-citynr6c 152 17 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 152 18 high high JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 152 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 152 20 rates rate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 152 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 152 22 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 152 23 221 221 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 152 24 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 152 25 found find VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 152 26 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 152 27 have have VB cord-027859-citynr6c 152 28 multi multi JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 152 29 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 152 30 drug drug JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 152 31 resistance resistance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 152 32 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 152 33 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 152 34 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 152 35 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 152 36 53 53 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 152 37 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 152 38 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 152 39 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 152 40 XDR XDR NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 152 41 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 152 42 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 152 43 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 153 1 Some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 153 2 52 52 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 153 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 153 4 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 153 5 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 153 6 died die VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 153 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 153 8 most most JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 153 9 within within IN cord-027859-citynr6c 153 10 25 25 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 153 11 days day NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 153 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 153 13 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 153 14 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 154 1 Of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 154 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 154 3 53 53 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 154 4 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 154 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 154 6 44 44 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 154 7 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 154 8 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 154 9 tested test VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 154 10 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 154 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 154 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 154 13 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 154 14 44 44 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 154 15 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 154 16 found find VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 154 17 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 154 18 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 154 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 154 20 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 154 21 positive positive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 154 22 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 155 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 155 2 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 155 3 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 155 4 receiving receive VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 155 5 antiretrovirals antiretroviral NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 155 6 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 155 7 responding respond VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 155 8 well well RB cord-027859-citynr6c 155 9 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 155 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 155 11 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 155 12 related relate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 155 13 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 155 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 155 15 but but CC cord-027859-citynr6c 155 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 155 17 died die VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 155 18 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 155 19 XDR XDR NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 155 20 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 155 21 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 155 22 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 156 1 Since since IN cord-027859-citynr6c 156 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 156 3 study study NN cord-027859-citynr6c 156 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 156 5 10 10 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 156 6 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 156 7 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 156 8 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 156 9 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 156 10 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 156 11 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 156 12 XDR XDR NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 156 13 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 156 14 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 156 15 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 156 16 KwaZulu KwaZulu NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 156 17 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 156 18 Natal Natal NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 156 19 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 157 1 Only only RB cord-027859-citynr6c 157 2 three three CD cord-027859-citynr6c 157 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 157 4 them -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 157 5 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 157 6 still still RB cord-027859-citynr6c 157 7 alive alive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 157 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 157 9 see see VB cord-027859-citynr6c 157 10 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 157 11 http://www.who.int/tb/xdr/xdr_jan.pdf http://www.who.int/tb/xdr/xdr_jan.pdf ADD cord-027859-citynr6c 157 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 157 13 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 158 1 Directly directly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 158 2 observed observe VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 158 3 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 158 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 158 5 short short JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 158 6 course course NN cord-027859-citynr6c 158 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 158 8 DOTS dot NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 158 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 158 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 158 11 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 158 12 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 158 13 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 158 14 effective effective JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 158 15 strategy strategy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 158 16 available available JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 158 17 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 158 18 controlling control VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 158 19 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 158 20 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 158 21 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 158 22 today today NN cord-027859-citynr6c 158 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 159 1 DOTS dot NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 159 2 uses use VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 159 3 sound sound JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 159 4 technology technology NN cord-027859-citynr6c 159 5 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 159 6 packages package VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 159 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 159 8 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 159 9 good good JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 159 10 management management NN cord-027859-citynr6c 159 11 practices practice NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 159 12 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 159 13 widespread widespread JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 159 14 use use NN cord-027859-citynr6c 159 15 through through IN cord-027859-citynr6c 159 16 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 159 17 existing exist VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 159 18 primary primary JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 159 19 healthcare healthcare NN cord-027859-citynr6c 159 20 network network NN cord-027859-citynr6c 159 21 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 160 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 160 2 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 160 3 proven prove VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 160 4 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 160 5 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 160 6 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 160 7 successful successful JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 160 8 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 160 9 innovative innovative JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 160 10 approach approach NN cord-027859-citynr6c 160 11 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 160 12 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 160 13 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 160 14 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 160 15 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 160 16 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 160 17 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 160 18 China China NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 160 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 160 20 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 160 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 160 22 Vietnam Vietnam NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 160 23 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 160 24 Peru Peru NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 160 25 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 160 26 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 160 27 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 160 28 West West NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 160 29 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 160 30 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 161 1 However however RB cord-027859-citynr6c 161 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 161 3 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 161 4 challenges challenge NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 161 5 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 161 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 161 7 implementation implementation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 161 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 161 9 DOTS dot NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 161 10 include include VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 161 11 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 161 12 sector sector NN cord-027859-citynr6c 161 13 reforms reform NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 161 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 161 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 161 16 worsening worsen VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 161 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 161 18 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 161 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 161 20 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 161 21 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 161 22 emergence emergence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 161 23 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 161 24 drugresistant drugresistant JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 161 25 strains strain NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 161 26 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 161 27 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 161 28 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 162 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 162 2 technical technical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 162 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 162 4 logistical logistical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 162 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 162 6 operational operational JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 162 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 162 8 political political JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 162 9 aspects aspect NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 162 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 162 11 DOTS dot NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 162 12 work work VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 162 13 together together RB cord-027859-citynr6c 162 14 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 162 15 ensure ensure VB cord-027859-citynr6c 162 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 162 17 success success NN cord-027859-citynr6c 162 18 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 162 19 applicability applicability NN cord-027859-citynr6c 162 20 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 162 21 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 162 22 wide wide JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 162 23 variety variety NN cord-027859-citynr6c 162 24 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 162 25 contexts context NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 162 26 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 163 1 14 14 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 163 2 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 163 3 Africans Africans NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 163 4 who who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 163 5 die die VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 163 6 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 163 7 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 163 8 each each DT cord-027859-citynr6c 163 9 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 163 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 163 11 most most JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 163 12 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 163 13 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 163 14 under under IN cord-027859-citynr6c 163 15 5 5 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 163 16 years year NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 163 17 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 163 18 age age NN cord-027859-citynr6c 163 19 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 164 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 2 addition addition NN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 3 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 4 acute acute JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 164 5 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 6 episodes episode NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 164 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 164 8 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 164 9 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 10 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 164 11 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 164 12 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 13 also also RB cord-027859-citynr6c 164 14 contributes contribute VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 164 15 signifi signifi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 164 16 cantly cantly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 164 17 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 18 anaemia anaemia NN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 19 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 20 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 164 21 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 164 22 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 164 23 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 164 24 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 164 25 adverse adverse JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 164 26 birth birth NN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 27 outcomes outcome NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 164 28 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 164 29 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 30 spontaneous spontaneous JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 164 31 abortion abortion NN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 32 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 164 33 stillbirth stillbirth NN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 34 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 164 35 premature premature JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 164 36 delivery delivery NN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 37 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 164 38 low low JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 164 39 birth birth NN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 40 weight weight NN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 41 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 164 42 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 164 43 overall overall JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 164 44 child child NN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 45 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 164 46 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 165 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 165 2 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 165 3 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 165 4 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 165 5 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 165 6 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 165 7 responsible responsible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 165 8 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 165 9 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 165 10 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 165 11 average average JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 165 12 annual annual JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 165 13 reduction reduction NN cord-027859-citynr6c 165 14 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 165 15 1.3 1.3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 165 16 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 165 17 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 165 18 economic economic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 165 19 growth growth NN cord-027859-citynr6c 165 20 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 165 21 those those DT cord-027859-citynr6c 165 22 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 165 23 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 165 24 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 165 25 highest high JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 165 26 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 165 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 166 1 16 16 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 167 1 Of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 167 3 four four CD cord-027859-citynr6c 167 4 species specie NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 167 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 6 Plasmodium plasmodium NN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 7 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 167 8 infect infect VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 167 9 humans human NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 167 10 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 167 11 P. p. NN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 12 falciparum falciparum NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 167 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 167 14 P. P. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 167 15 vivax vivax NN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 167 17 P. P. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 167 18 malariae malariae NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 167 19 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 167 20 P. P. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 167 21 ovale ovale NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 167 22 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 167 23 P. P. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 167 24 falciparum falciparum NN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 25 causes cause VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 167 26 most most JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 167 27 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 28 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 167 29 severe severe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 167 30 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 31 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 167 32 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 167 33 attributable attributable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 167 34 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 35 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 36 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 167 37 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 167 38 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 167 39 prevalent prevalent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 167 40 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 41 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 167 42 south south RB cord-027859-citynr6c 167 43 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 44 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 167 45 Sahara Sahara NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 167 46 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 167 47 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 48 certain certain JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 167 49 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 167 50 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 51 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 167 52 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 167 53 east east NN cord-027859-citynr6c 167 54 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 167 55 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 167 56 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 167 57 Western Western NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 167 58 Pacifi Pacifi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 167 59 c c NN cord-027859-citynr6c 168 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 168 2 Figure figure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 168 3 3.7 3.7 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 168 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 168 5 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 169 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 169 2 second second JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 169 3 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 169 4 common common JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 169 5 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 169 6 species specie NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 169 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 169 8 P. p. NN cord-027859-citynr6c 169 9 vivax vivax NN cord-027859-citynr6c 169 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 169 11 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 169 12 rarely rarely RB cord-027859-citynr6c 169 13 fatal fatal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 169 14 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 169 15 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 169 16 commonly commonly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 169 17 found find VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 169 18 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 169 19 most most JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 169 20 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 169 21 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 169 22 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 169 23 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 169 24 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 169 25 parts part NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 169 26 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 169 27 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 169 28 Americas Americas NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 169 29 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 169 30 Europe Europe NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 169 31 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 169 32 North North NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 169 33 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 169 34 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 170 1 There there EX cord-027859-citynr6c 170 2 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 170 3 over over IN cord-027859-citynr6c 170 4 40 40 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 170 5 species specie NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 170 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 170 7 anopheline anopheline NN cord-027859-citynr6c 170 8 mosquitoes mosquito NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 170 9 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 170 10 transmit transmit VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 170 11 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 170 12 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 170 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 170 14 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 170 15 differ differ VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 170 16 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 170 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 170 18 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 170 19 potential potential NN cord-027859-citynr6c 170 20 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 171 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 171 2 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 171 3 competent competent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 171 4 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 171 5 effi effi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 171 6 cient cient NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 171 7 malaria malaria NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 171 8 vector vector NN cord-027859-citynr6c 171 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 171 10 Anopheles Anopheles NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 171 11 gambiae gambiae NN cord-027859-citynr6c 171 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 171 13 occurs occur VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 171 14 exclusively exclusively RB cord-027859-citynr6c 171 15 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 171 16 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 171 17 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 171 18 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 171 19 also also RB cord-027859-citynr6c 171 20 one one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 171 21 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 171 22 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 171 23 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 171 24 diffi diffi JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 171 25 cult cult NN cord-027859-citynr6c 171 26 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 171 27 control control VB cord-027859-citynr6c 171 28 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 172 1 Climatic climatic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 172 2 conditions condition NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 172 3 determine determine VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 172 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 172 5 presence presence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 172 6 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 172 7 absence absence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 172 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 172 9 anopheline anopheline NN cord-027859-citynr6c 172 10 vectors vector NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 172 11 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 173 1 Tropical tropical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 173 2 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 173 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 173 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 173 5 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 173 6 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 173 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 173 8 best good JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 173 9 combination combination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 173 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 173 11 adequate adequate JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 173 12 rainfall rainfall NN cord-027859-citynr6c 173 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 173 14 temperature temperature NN cord-027859-citynr6c 173 15 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 173 16 humidity humidity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 173 17 allowing allow VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 173 18 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 173 19 breeding breeding NN cord-027859-citynr6c 173 20 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 173 21 survival survival NN cord-027859-citynr6c 173 22 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 173 23 anophelines anopheline NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 173 24 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 174 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 174 2 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 174 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 174 4 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 174 5 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 174 6 where where WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 174 7 sustained sustained JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 174 8 vector vector NN cord-027859-citynr6c 174 9 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 174 10 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 174 11 required require VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 174 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 174 13 insecticide insecticide NN cord-027859-citynr6c 174 14 treated treat VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 174 15 nets net NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 174 16 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 174 17 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 174 18 principal principal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 174 19 strategy strategy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 174 20 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 174 21 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 174 22 prevention prevention NN cord-027859-citynr6c 174 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 175 1 All all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 175 2 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 175 3 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 175 4 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 175 5 south south RB cord-027859-citynr6c 175 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 175 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 175 8 Sahara Sahara NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 175 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 175 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 175 11 majority majority NN cord-027859-citynr6c 175 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 175 13 Asian asian JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 175 14 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 175 15 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 175 16 endemic endemic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 175 17 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 175 18 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 175 19 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 175 20 American american JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 175 21 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 175 22 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 175 23 adopted adopt VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 175 24 insecticide insecticide NN cord-027859-citynr6c 175 25 treated treat VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 175 26 nets net NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 175 27 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 175 28 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 175 29 key key JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 175 30 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 175 31 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 175 32 strategy strategy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 175 33 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 176 1 16 16 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 177 1 One one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 177 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 177 3 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 177 4 greatest great JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 177 5 challenges challenge NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 177 6 facing face VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 177 7 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 177 8 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 177 9 worldwide worldwide RB cord-027859-citynr6c 177 10 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 177 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 177 12 spread spread NN cord-027859-citynr6c 177 13 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 177 14 intensifi intensifi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 177 15 cation cation NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 177 16 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 177 17 parasite parasite JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 177 18 resistance resistance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 177 19 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 177 20 antimalarial antimalarial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 177 21 drugs drug NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 177 22 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 178 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 178 2 limited limited JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 178 3 number number NN cord-027859-citynr6c 178 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 178 5 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 178 6 drugs drug NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 178 7 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 178 8 led lead VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 178 9 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 178 10 increasing increase VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 178 11 diffi diffi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 178 12 culties cultie NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 178 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 178 14 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 178 15 development development NN cord-027859-citynr6c 178 16 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 178 17 antimalarial antimalarial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 178 18 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 178 19 policies policy NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 178 20 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 178 21 adequate adequate JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 178 22 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 178 23 management management NN cord-027859-citynr6c 178 24 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 179 1 16 16 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 179 2 Resistance Resistance NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 179 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 179 4 P. P. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 179 5 falciparum falciparum NN cord-027859-citynr6c 179 6 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 179 7 chloroquine chloroquine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 179 8 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 179 9 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 179 10 common common JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 179 11 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 179 12 practically practically RB cord-027859-citynr6c 179 13 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 179 14 malariaendemic malariaendemic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 179 15 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 179 16 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 179 17 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 179 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 179 19 Figure figure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 179 20 3.7 3.7 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 179 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 179 22 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 179 23 especially especially RB cord-027859-citynr6c 179 24 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 179 25 East East NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 179 26 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 179 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 180 1 Resistance resistance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 180 2 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 180 3 sulfadoxine sulfadoxine NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 180 4 / / SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 180 5 pyrimethamine pyrimethamine NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 180 6 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 180 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 180 8 main main JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 180 9 alternative alternative NN cord-027859-citynr6c 180 10 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 180 11 chloroquine chloroquine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 180 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 180 13 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 180 14 widespread widespread JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 180 15 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 180 16 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 180 17 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 180 18 east east NN cord-027859-citynr6c 180 19 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 180 20 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 180 21 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 180 22 America America NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 180 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 181 1 Mefl Mefl NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 181 2 oquine oquine JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 181 3 resistance resistance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 181 4 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 181 5 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 181 6 common common JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 181 7 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 181 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 181 9 border border NN cord-027859-citynr6c 181 10 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 181 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 181 12 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 181 13 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 181 14 Cambodia Cambodia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 181 15 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 181 16 Myanmar Myanmar NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 181 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 182 1 Parasite parasite NN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 2 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 3 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 4 quinine quinine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 5 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 182 6 declining decline VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 182 7 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 8 several several JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 182 9 other other JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 182 10 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 182 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 12 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 182 13 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 182 14 east east NN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 15 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 182 16 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 182 17 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 18 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 182 19 Amazon Amazon NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 182 20 region region NN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 182 22 where where WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 182 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 182 24 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 182 25 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 26 used use VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 27 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 28 combination combination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 29 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 30 tetracycline tetracycline NN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 31 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 32 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 182 33 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 34 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 35 uncomplicated uncomplicated JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 182 36 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 182 37 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 183 1 16 16 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 184 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 2 response response NN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 3 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 4 widespread widespread JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 184 5 resistance resistance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 7 P. p. NN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 8 falciparum falciparum NN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 9 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 10 monotherapy monotherapy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 11 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 12 conventional conventional JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 184 13 antimalarial antimalarial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 184 14 drugs drug NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 184 15 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 184 16 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 17 chloroquine chloroquine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 18 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 184 19 sulfadoxine sulfadoxine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 20 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 184 21 pyrimethamine pyrimethamine JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 184 22 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 184 23 WHO who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 184 24 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 184 25 recommends recommend VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 184 26 combination combination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 27 therapies therapy NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 184 28 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 29 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 184 30 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 31 policy policy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 32 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 33 falciparum falciparum NN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 34 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 35 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 36 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 184 37 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 184 38 experiencing experience VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 184 39 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 184 40 resistance resistance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 184 41 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 185 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 185 2 preferred preferred JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 185 3 combinations combination NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 185 4 contain contain VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 185 5 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 185 6 derivative derivative NN cord-027859-citynr6c 185 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 185 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 185 9 plant plant NN cord-027859-citynr6c 185 10 Artemisia Artemisia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 185 11 annua annua NN cord-027859-citynr6c 185 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 185 13 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 185 14 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 185 15 presently presently RB cord-027859-citynr6c 185 16 cultivated cultivate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 185 17 mainly mainly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 185 18 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 185 19 China China NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 185 20 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 185 21 Vietnam Vietnam NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 185 22 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 186 1 Artemisininbased artemisininbased JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 186 2 combination combination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 186 3 therapies therapy NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 186 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 186 5 ACTs act NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 186 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 186 7 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 186 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 186 9 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 186 10 highly highly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 186 11 effi effi JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 186 12 cacious cacious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 186 13 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 186 14 regimens regimen NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 186 15 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 186 16 available available JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 186 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 187 1 Resistance resistance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 187 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 187 3 P. P. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 187 4 vivax vivax NN cord-027859-citynr6c 187 5 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 187 6 chloroquine chloroquine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 187 7 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 187 8 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 187 9 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 187 10 reported report VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 187 11 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 187 12 Indonesia Indonesia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 187 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 187 14 Irian Irian NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 187 15 Jaya Jaya NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 187 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 187 17 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 187 18 Myanmar Myanmar NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 187 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 187 20 Papua Papua NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 187 21 New New NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 187 22 Guinea Guinea NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 187 23 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 187 24 Vanuatu Vanuatu NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 187 25 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 188 1 17 17 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 189 1 Urban urban JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 189 2 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 189 3 periurban periurban JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 189 4 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 189 5 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 189 6 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 189 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 189 8 increase increase NN cord-027859-citynr6c 189 9 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 189 10 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 189 11 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 189 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 189 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 189 14 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 189 15 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 189 16 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 189 17 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 189 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 190 1 Military military JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 190 2 confl confl NN cord-027859-citynr6c 190 3 icts ict NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 190 4 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 190 5 civil civil JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 190 6 unrest unrest NN cord-027859-citynr6c 190 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 190 8 along along IN cord-027859-citynr6c 190 9 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 190 10 unfavourable unfavourable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 190 11 ecological ecological JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 190 12 changes change NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 190 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 190 14 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 190 15 greatly greatly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 190 16 contributed contribute VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 190 17 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 190 18 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 190 19 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 190 20 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 190 21 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 190 22 large large JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 190 23 numbers number NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 190 24 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 190 25 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 190 26 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 190 27 non- non- DT cord-027859-citynr6c 190 28 immune immune JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 190 29 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 190 30 physically physically RB cord-027859-citynr6c 190 31 weakened weakened JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 190 32 refugees refugee NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 190 33 move move VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 190 34 into into IN cord-027859-citynr6c 190 35 malarious malarious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 190 36 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 190 37 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 191 1 Such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 191 2 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 191 3 movements movement NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 191 4 contribute contribute VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 191 5 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 191 6 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 191 7 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 191 8 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 191 9 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 191 10 make make VB cord-027859-citynr6c 191 11 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 191 12 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 191 13 prone prone JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 191 14 situations situation NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 191 15 more more RBR cord-027859-citynr6c 191 16 explosive explosive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 191 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 192 1 16 16 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 193 1 Another another DT cord-027859-citynr6c 193 2 disquieting disquieting JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 193 3 factor factor NN cord-027859-citynr6c 193 4 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 193 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 193 6 re re NN cord-027859-citynr6c 193 7 - - NN cord-027859-citynr6c 193 8 emergence emergence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 193 9 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 193 10 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 193 11 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 193 12 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 193 13 where where WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 193 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 193 15 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 193 16 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 193 17 eradicated eradicate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 193 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 193 19 e.g. e.g. RB cord-027859-citynr6c 193 20 Democratic Democratic NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 193 21 People People NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 193 22 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 193 23 Republic Republic NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 193 24 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 193 25 Korea Korea NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 193 26 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 193 27 Republic Republic NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 193 28 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 193 29 Korea Korea NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 193 30 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 193 31 Tadjikistan Tadjikistan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 193 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 193 33 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 193 34 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 193 35 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 193 36 increase increase NN cord-027859-citynr6c 193 37 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 193 38 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 193 39 where where WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 193 40 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 193 41 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 193 42 nearly nearly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 193 43 eradicated eradicate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 193 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 193 45 e.g. e.g. RB cord-027859-citynr6c 193 46 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 193 47 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 193 48 northern northern JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 193 49 Iraq Iraq NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 193 50 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 193 51 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 193 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 193 53 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 194 1 Current current JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 194 2 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 194 3 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 194 4 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 194 5 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 194 6 majority majority NN cord-027859-citynr6c 194 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 194 8 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 194 9 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 194 10 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 194 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 194 12 result result NN cord-027859-citynr6c 194 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 194 14 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 194 15 rapid rapid JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 194 16 deterioration deterioration NN cord-027859-citynr6c 194 17 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 194 18 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 194 19 prevention prevention NN cord-027859-citynr6c 194 20 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 194 21 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 194 22 operations operation NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 194 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 195 1 Climatic climatic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 195 2 changes change NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 195 3 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 195 4 also also RB cord-027859-citynr6c 195 5 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 195 6 implicated implicate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 195 7 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 195 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 195 9 re re NN cord-027859-citynr6c 195 10 - - NN cord-027859-citynr6c 195 11 emergence emergence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 195 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 195 13 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 195 14 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 196 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 196 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 196 3 past past JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 196 4 5 5 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 196 5 years year NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 196 6 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 196 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 196 8 worldwide worldwide JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 196 9 incidence incidence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 196 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 196 11 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 196 12 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 196 13 quadrupled quadruple VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 196 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 196 15 infl infl NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 196 16 uenced uence VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 196 17 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 196 18 changes change NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 196 19 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 196 20 both both DT cord-027859-citynr6c 196 21 land land NN cord-027859-citynr6c 196 22 development development NN cord-027859-citynr6c 196 23 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 196 24 regional regional JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 196 25 climate climate NN cord-027859-citynr6c 196 26 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 197 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 197 2 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 197 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 197 4 satellite satellite NN cord-027859-citynr6c 197 5 images image NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 197 6 depict depict VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 197 7 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 197 8 ' ' `` cord-027859-citynr6c 197 9 fi fi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 197 10 sh sh NN cord-027859-citynr6c 197 11 bone bone NN cord-027859-citynr6c 197 12 ' ' '' cord-027859-citynr6c 197 13 pattern pattern NN cord-027859-citynr6c 197 14 where where WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 197 15 roads road NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 197 16 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 197 17 opened open VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 197 18 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 197 19 tropical tropical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 197 20 forest forest NN cord-027859-citynr6c 197 21 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 197 22 localized localize VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 197 23 development development NN cord-027859-citynr6c 197 24 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 198 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 198 2 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 198 3 ' ' `` cord-027859-citynr6c 198 4 edge edge NN cord-027859-citynr6c 198 5 ' ' '' cord-027859-citynr6c 198 6 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 198 7 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 198 8 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 198 9 resurged resurge VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 198 10 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 199 1 Temperature temperature NN cord-027859-citynr6c 199 2 changes change NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 199 3 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 199 4 encouraged encourage VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 199 5 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 199 6 redistribution redistribution NN cord-027859-citynr6c 199 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 199 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 199 9 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 199 10 ; ; : cord-027859-citynr6c 199 11 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 199 12 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 199 13 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 199 14 found find VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 199 15 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 199 16 higher high JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 199 17 elevations elevation NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 199 18 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 199 19 central central JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 199 20 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 199 21 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 199 22 could could MD cord-027859-citynr6c 199 23 threaten threaten VB cord-027859-citynr6c 199 24 cities city NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 199 25 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 199 26 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 199 27 Nairobi Nairobi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 199 28 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 199 29 Kenya Kenya NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 199 30 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 200 1 This this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 200 2 threat threat NN cord-027859-citynr6c 200 3 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 200 4 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 200 5 hypothesized hypothesize VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 200 6 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 200 7 extend extend VB cord-027859-citynr6c 200 8 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 200 9 temperate temperate JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 200 10 regions region NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 200 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 200 12 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 200 13 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 200 14 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 200 15 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 200 16 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 200 17 experiencing experience VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 200 18 hotter hot JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 200 19 summers summer NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 200 20 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 200 21 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 200 22 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 200 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 201 1 18 18 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 202 1 Although although IN cord-027859-citynr6c 202 2 substantial substantial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 202 3 progress progress NN cord-027859-citynr6c 202 4 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 202 5 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 202 6 made make VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 202 7 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 202 8 reducing reduce VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 202 9 measles measle NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 202 10 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 202 11 globally globally RB cord-027859-citynr6c 202 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 202 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 202 14 2000 2000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 202 15 measles measle NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 202 16 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 202 17 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 202 18 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 202 19 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 202 20 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 202 21 fi fi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 202 22 fth fth NN cord-027859-citynr6c 202 23 leading lead VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 202 24 cause cause NN cord-027859-citynr6c 202 25 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 202 26 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 202 27 worldwide worldwide RB cord-027859-citynr6c 202 28 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 202 29 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 202 30 aged age VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 202 31 < < XX cord-027859-citynr6c 202 32 5 5 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 202 33 years year NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 202 34 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 203 1 Measles measles NN cord-027859-citynr6c 203 2 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 203 3 occur occur VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 203 4 disproportionately disproportionately RB cord-027859-citynr6c 203 5 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 203 6 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 203 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 203 8 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 203 9 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 203 10 east east NN cord-027859-citynr6c 203 11 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 203 12 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 204 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 2 2000 2000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 204 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 204 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 204 5 African African NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 204 6 Region Region NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 204 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 8 WHO WHO NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 204 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 204 10 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 11 10 10 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 204 12 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 14 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 204 15 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 16 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 204 17 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 18 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 204 19 accounted account VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 204 20 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 21 41 41 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 204 22 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 23 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 24 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 25 measles measles NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 26 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 204 27 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 204 28 58 58 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 204 29 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 30 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 31 measles measles NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 32 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 204 33 ; ; : cord-027859-citynr6c 204 34 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 204 35 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 204 36 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 204 37 east east NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 38 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 204 39 region region NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 40 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 204 41 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 42 25 25 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 204 43 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 44 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 45 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 204 46 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 47 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 204 48 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 49 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 204 50 28 28 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 204 51 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 52 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 53 measles measles NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 54 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 204 55 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 204 56 accounted account VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 204 57 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 58 26 26 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 204 59 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 60 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 61 measles measles NN cord-027859-citynr6c 204 62 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 204 63 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 205 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 205 2 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 205 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 205 4 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 205 5 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 205 6 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 205 7 refl refl NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 205 8 ects ects NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 205 9 low low NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 205 10 routine routine JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 205 11 vaccination vaccination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 205 12 coverage coverage NN cord-027859-citynr6c 205 13 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 205 14 high high JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 205 15 case case NN cord-027859-citynr6c 205 16 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 205 17 fatality fatality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 205 18 ratios ratio NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 205 19 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 206 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 206 2 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 206 3 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 206 4 east east NN cord-027859-citynr6c 206 5 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 206 6 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 206 7 where where WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 206 8 vaccination vaccination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 206 9 coverage coverage NN cord-027859-citynr6c 206 10 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 206 11 slightly slightly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 206 12 below below IN cord-027859-citynr6c 206 13 average average JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 206 14 worldwide worldwide JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 206 15 levels level NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 206 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 206 17 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 206 18 large large JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 206 19 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 206 20 amplifi amplifi VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 206 21 es es XX cord-027859-citynr6c 206 22 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 206 23 number number NN cord-027859-citynr6c 206 24 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 206 25 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 206 26 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 206 27 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 206 28 resulting result VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 206 29 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 206 30 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 206 31 measles measles NN cord-027859-citynr6c 206 32 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 206 33 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 207 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 207 2 overwhelming overwhelming JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 207 3 majority majority NN cord-027859-citynr6c 207 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 207 5 measles measles JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 207 6 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 207 7 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 207 8 2000 2000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 207 9 occurred occur VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 207 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 207 11 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 207 12 eligible eligible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 207 13 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 207 14 receive receive VB cord-027859-citynr6c 207 15 fi fi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 207 16 nancial nancial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 207 17 support support NN cord-027859-citynr6c 207 18 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 207 19 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 207 20 Global Global NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 207 21 Alliance Alliance NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 207 22 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 207 23 Vaccines Vaccines NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 207 24 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 207 25 Immunization Immunization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 207 26 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 207 27 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 207 28 Fund Fund NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 207 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 207 30 WHO who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 207 31 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 207 32 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 207 33 data datum NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 207 34 2003 2003 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 207 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 207 36 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 208 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 208 2 majority majority NN cord-027859-citynr6c 208 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 208 4 measles measle NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 208 5 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 208 6 occur occur VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 208 7 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 208 8 young young JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 208 9 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 208 10 living live VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 208 11 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 208 12 poor poor JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 208 13 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 208 14 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 208 15 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 208 16 vaccination vaccination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 208 17 services service NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 208 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 209 1 Like like IN cord-027859-citynr6c 209 2 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 209 3 immunodefi immunodefi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 209 4 ciency ciency NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 209 5 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 209 6 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 209 7 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 209 8 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 209 9 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 209 10 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 209 11 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 209 12 measles measle NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 209 13 can can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 209 14 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 209 15 considered consider VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 209 16 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 209 17 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 209 18 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 209 19 poverty poverty NN cord-027859-citynr6c 209 20 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 210 1 However however RB cord-027859-citynr6c 210 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 210 3 unlike unlike IN cord-027859-citynr6c 210 4 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 210 5 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 210 6 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 210 7 measles measle NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 210 8 can can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 210 9 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 210 10 prevented prevent VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 210 11 through through IN cord-027859-citynr6c 210 12 vaccination vaccination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 210 13 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 211 1 19 19 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 211 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 211 3 20 20 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 211 4 _SP cord-027859-citynr6c 212 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 212 2 much much JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 212 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 212 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 212 5 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 212 6 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 212 7 particularly particularly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 212 8 sub sub JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 212 9 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 212 10 Saharan Saharan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 212 11 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 212 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 212 13 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 212 14 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 212 15 east east NN cord-027859-citynr6c 212 16 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 212 17 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 212 18 China China NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 212 19 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 212 20 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 212 21 Pacifi Pacifi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 212 22 c c NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 212 23 Basin Basin NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 212 24 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 212 25 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 212 26 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 212 27 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 212 28 B B NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 212 29 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 212 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 212 31 HBV HBV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 212 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 212 33 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 212 34 very very RB cord-027859-citynr6c 212 35 widespread widespread JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 212 36 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 213 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 213 2 carrier carrier NN cord-027859-citynr6c 213 3 rate rate NN cord-027859-citynr6c 213 4 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 213 5 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 213 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 213 7 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 213 8 populations population NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 213 9 may may MD cord-027859-citynr6c 213 10 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 213 11 as as RB cord-027859-citynr6c 213 12 high high JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 213 13 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 213 14 10 10 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 213 15 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 213 16 20 20 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 213 17 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 213 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 214 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 214 2 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 214 3 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 214 4 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 214 5 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 214 6 B b NN cord-027859-citynr6c 214 7 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 214 8 occurs occur VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 214 9 during during IN cord-027859-citynr6c 214 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 214 11 perinatal perinatal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 214 12 period period NN cord-027859-citynr6c 214 13 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 215 1 Infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 215 2 between between IN cord-027859-citynr6c 215 3 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 215 4 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 215 5 another another DT cord-027859-citynr6c 215 6 common common JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 215 7 route route NN cord-027859-citynr6c 215 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 215 9 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 215 10 ; ; : cord-027859-citynr6c 215 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 215 12 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 215 13 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 215 14 uncommon uncommon JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 215 15 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 215 16 fi fi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 215 17 nd nd NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 216 1 up up IN cord-027859-citynr6c 216 2 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 216 3 90 90 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 216 4 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 216 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 216 6 15-year 15-year JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 216 7 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 216 8 olds old NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 216 9 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 216 10 serological serological JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 216 11 evidence evidence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 216 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 216 13 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 216 14 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 216 15 HBV HBV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 216 16 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 217 1 Intermediate intermediate JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 217 2 levels level NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 217 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 217 4 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 217 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 217 6 2 2 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 217 7 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 217 8 7 7 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 217 9 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 217 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 217 11 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 217 12 seen see VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 217 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 217 14 parts part NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 217 15 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 217 16 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 217 17 former former JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 217 18 Soviet Soviet NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 217 19 Union Union NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 217 20 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 217 21 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 217 22 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 217 23 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 217 24 Central Central NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 217 25 America America NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 217 26 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 217 27 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 217 28 northern northern JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 217 29 zones zone NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 217 30 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 217 31 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 217 32 America America NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 217 33 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 218 1 These these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 218 2 high high JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 218 3 rates rate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 218 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 5 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 6 lead lead VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 218 7 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 8 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 218 9 high high JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 218 10 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 12 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 218 14 mainly mainly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 218 15 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 16 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 218 17 clinical clinical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 218 18 consequences consequence NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 218 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 20 long long JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 218 21 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 218 22 term term NN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 23 carriage carriage NN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 24 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 25 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 218 26 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 27 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 218 28 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 218 29 may may MD cord-027859-citynr6c 218 30 include include VB cord-027859-citynr6c 218 31 chronic chronic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 218 32 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 33 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 218 34 cirrhosis cirrhosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 35 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 218 36 liver liver NN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 37 cancer cancer NN cord-027859-citynr6c 218 38 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 219 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 219 2 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 219 3 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 219 4 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 219 5 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 219 6 HBV HBV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 219 7 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 219 8 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 219 9 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 219 10 second second JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 219 11 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 219 12 common common JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 219 13 cause cause NN cord-027859-citynr6c 219 14 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 219 15 cancer cancer NN cord-027859-citynr6c 219 16 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 219 17 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 219 18 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 219 19 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 219 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 219 21 after after IN cord-027859-citynr6c 219 22 tobacco tobacco NN cord-027859-citynr6c 219 23 consumption consumption NN cord-027859-citynr6c 219 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 219 25 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 220 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 220 2 India India NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 220 3 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 220 4 B B NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 220 5 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 220 6 linked link VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 220 7 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 220 8 60 60 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 220 9 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 220 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 220 11 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 220 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 220 13 hepatocellular hepatocellular JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 220 14 carcinoma carcinoma NN cord-027859-citynr6c 220 15 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 220 16 80 80 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 220 17 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 220 18 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 220 19 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 220 20 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 220 21 cirrhosis cirrhosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 220 22 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 220 23 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 220 24 liver liver NN cord-027859-citynr6c 220 25 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 221 1 21 21 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 222 1 On on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 222 3 basis basis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 5 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 6 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 222 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 222 9 availability availability NN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 11 safe safe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 222 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 222 13 effective effective JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 222 14 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 222 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 222 16 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 222 17 WHO who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 222 18 recommended recommend VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 222 19 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 20 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 21 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 222 22 end end NN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 23 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 24 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 222 25 twentieth twentieth JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 222 26 century century NN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 27 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 222 28 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 29 B B NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 222 30 vaccine vaccine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 31 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 222 32 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 33 into into IN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 34 routine routine JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 222 35 infant infant NN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 36 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 222 37 childhood childhood NN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 38 immunization immunization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 39 programmes programme NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 222 40 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 222 41 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 222 42 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 222 43 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 223 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 223 2 effi effi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 223 3 cacy cacy NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 223 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 223 5 universal universal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 223 6 immunization immunization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 223 7 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 223 8 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 223 9 shown show VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 223 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 223 11 different different JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 223 12 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 223 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 223 14 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 223 15 striking striking JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 223 16 reductions reduction NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 223 17 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 223 18 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 223 19 prevalence prevalence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 223 20 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 223 21 HBV HBV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 223 22 carriage carriage NN cord-027859-citynr6c 223 23 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 223 24 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 223 25 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 224 1 Most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 224 2 important important JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 224 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 224 4 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 224 5 B B NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 224 6 vaccination vaccination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 224 7 can can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 224 8 protect protect VB cord-027859-citynr6c 224 9 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 224 10 against against IN cord-027859-citynr6c 224 11 hepatocellular hepatocellular JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 224 12 carcinoma carcinoma NN cord-027859-citynr6c 224 13 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 224 14 fulminant fulminant JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 224 15 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 224 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 224 17 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 224 18 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 224 19 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 224 20 shown show VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 224 21 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 224 22 Taiwan Taiwan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 224 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 225 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-027859-citynr6c 225 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 225 3 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 225 4 implementation implementation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 225 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 225 6 worldwide worldwide JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 225 7 vaccination vaccination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 225 8 against against IN cord-027859-citynr6c 225 9 HBV HBV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 225 10 requires require VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 225 11 greater great JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 225 12 effort effort NN cord-027859-citynr6c 225 13 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 225 14 overcome overcome VB cord-027859-citynr6c 225 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 225 16 social social JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 225 17 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 225 18 economic economic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 225 19 hurdles hurdle NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 225 20 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 226 1 Safe safe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 226 2 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 226 3 effective effective JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 226 4 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 226 5 treatments treatment NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 226 6 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 226 7 available available JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 226 8 but but CC cord-027859-citynr6c 226 9 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 226 10 still still RB cord-027859-citynr6c 226 11 far far RB cord-027859-citynr6c 226 12 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 226 13 ideal ideal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 226 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 226 15 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 226 16 situation situation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 226 17 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 226 18 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 226 19 hopefully hopefully RB cord-027859-citynr6c 226 20 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 226 21 will will MD cord-027859-citynr6c 226 22 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 226 23 improved improve VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 226 24 soon soon RB cord-027859-citynr6c 226 25 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 227 1 With with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 227 2 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 227 3 B B NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 227 4 immunization immunization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 227 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 227 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 227 7 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 227 8 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 227 9 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 227 10 HBV HBV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 227 11 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 227 12 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 227 13 possible possible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 227 14 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 227 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 227 16 end end NN cord-027859-citynr6c 227 17 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 227 18 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 227 19 fi fi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 227 20 rst rst NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 227 21 half half NN cord-027859-citynr6c 227 22 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 227 23 twenty twenty CD cord-027859-citynr6c 227 24 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 227 25 fi fi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 227 26 rst rst NN cord-027859-citynr6c 227 27 century century NN cord-027859-citynr6c 227 28 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 228 1 22 22 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 229 1 Tetanus tetanus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 229 2 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 229 3 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 229 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 229 5 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 229 6 preventable preventable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 229 7 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 229 8 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 229 9 causes cause VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 229 10 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 229 11 total total NN cord-027859-citynr6c 229 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 229 13 309 309 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 229 14 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 229 15 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 229 16 annually annually RB cord-027859-citynr6c 229 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 230 1 Of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 230 2 particular particular JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 230 3 concern concern NN cord-027859-citynr6c 230 4 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 230 5 maternal maternal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 230 6 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 230 7 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 230 8 tetanus tetanus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 230 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 230 10 MNT MNT NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 230 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 230 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 230 13 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 230 14 can can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 230 15 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 230 16 prevented prevent VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 230 17 through through IN cord-027859-citynr6c 230 18 immunization immunization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 230 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 230 20 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 230 21 mother mother NN cord-027859-citynr6c 230 22 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 230 23 pregnancy pregnancy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 230 24 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 231 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 231 2 2000 2000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 231 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 231 4 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 231 5 tetanus tetanus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 231 6 alone alone RB cord-027859-citynr6c 231 7 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 231 8 responsible responsible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 231 9 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 231 10 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 231 11 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 231 12 200 200 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 231 13 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 231 14 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 231 15 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 232 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 232 2 addition addition NN cord-027859-citynr6c 232 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 232 4 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 232 5 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 232 6 15 15 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 232 7 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 232 8 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 232 9 30 30 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 232 10 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 232 11 non non JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 232 12 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 232 13 immunized immunized JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 232 14 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 232 15 worldwide worldwide RB cord-027859-citynr6c 232 16 die die VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 232 17 each each DT cord-027859-citynr6c 232 18 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 232 19 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 232 20 maternal maternal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 232 21 tetanus tetanus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 232 22 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 232 23 results result VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 232 24 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 232 25 postpartum postpartum NN cord-027859-citynr6c 232 26 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 232 27 postabortal postabortal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 232 28 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 232 29 postsurgical postsurgical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 232 30 wound wound NN cord-027859-citynr6c 232 31 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 232 32 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 232 33 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-027859-citynr6c 232 34 tetani tetani NN cord-027859-citynr6c 232 35 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 233 1 While while IN cord-027859-citynr6c 233 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 233 3 focus focus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 233 4 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 233 5 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 233 6 57 57 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 233 7 priority priority NN cord-027859-citynr6c 233 8 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 233 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 233 10 90 90 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 233 11 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 233 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 233 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 233 14 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 233 15 tetanus tetanus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 233 16 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 233 17 occur occur VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 233 18 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 233 19 27 27 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 233 20 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 233 21 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 234 1 UNICEF UNICEF NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 234 2 spearheaded spearhead VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 234 3 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 234 4 effort effort NN cord-027859-citynr6c 234 5 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 234 6 eliminate eliminate VB cord-027859-citynr6c 234 7 MNT mnt NN cord-027859-citynr6c 234 8 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 234 9 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 234 10 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 234 11 2005 2005 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 234 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 234 13 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 234 14 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 234 15 support support NN cord-027859-citynr6c 234 16 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 234 17 numerous numerous JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 234 18 partners partner NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 234 19 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 235 1 MNT MNT NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 235 2 elimination elimination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 235 3 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 235 4 defi defi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 235 5 ned ned NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 235 6 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 235 7 less less JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 235 8 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 235 9 one one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 235 10 case case NN cord-027859-citynr6c 235 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 235 12 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 235 13 tetanus tetanus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 235 14 per per IN cord-027859-citynr6c 235 15 1000 1000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 235 16 live live JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 235 17 births birth NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 235 18 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 235 19 district district NN cord-027859-citynr6c 235 20 level level NN cord-027859-citynr6c 235 21 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 236 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 236 2 main main JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 236 3 strategies strategy NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 236 4 consist consist VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 236 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 236 6 promotion promotion NN cord-027859-citynr6c 236 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 236 8 clean clean JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 236 9 delivery delivery NN cord-027859-citynr6c 236 10 practices practice NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 236 11 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 236 12 immunization immunization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 236 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 236 14 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 236 15 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 236 16 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 236 17 tetanus tetanus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 236 18 toxoid toxoid NN cord-027859-citynr6c 236 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 236 20 TT TT NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 236 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 236 22 containing contain VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 236 23 vaccine vaccine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 236 24 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 236 25 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 236 26 surveillance surveillance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 236 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 237 1 Maternal maternal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 237 2 tetanus tetanus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 237 3 immunization immunization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 237 4 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 237 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 237 6 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 237 7 most most JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 237 8 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 237 9 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 237 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 237 11 implemented implement VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 237 12 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 237 13 part part NN cord-027859-citynr6c 237 14 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 237 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 237 16 routine routine JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 237 17 immunization immunization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 237 18 programme programme NN cord-027859-citynr6c 237 19 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 238 1 However however RB cord-027859-citynr6c 238 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 238 3 large large JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 238 4 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 238 5 remain remain VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 238 6 underserved underserved JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 238 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 238 8 due due IN cord-027859-citynr6c 238 9 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 238 10 logistical logistical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 238 11 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 238 12 cultural cultural JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 238 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 238 14 economical economical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 238 15 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 238 16 other other JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 238 17 reasons reason NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 238 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 239 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 2 order order NN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 3 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 239 4 achieve achieve VB cord-027859-citynr6c 239 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 239 6 target target NN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 8 MNT mnt NN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 9 elimination elimination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 10 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 11 2005 2005 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 239 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 239 13 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 239 14 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 239 15 offer offer VB cord-027859-citynr6c 239 16 protection protection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 17 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 18 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 239 19 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 239 20 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 239 21 otherwise otherwise RB cord-027859-citynr6c 239 22 deprived deprive VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 23 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 24 regular regular JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 239 25 immunization immunization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 26 services service NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 239 27 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 239 28 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 239 29 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 239 30 encouraged encourage VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 31 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 239 32 adopt adopt VB cord-027859-citynr6c 239 33 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 239 34 high high JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 239 35 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 36 approach approach NN cord-027859-citynr6c 239 37 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 240 1 This this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 240 2 approach approach NN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 3 implies imply VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 240 4 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 240 6 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 7 addition addition NN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 8 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 9 routine routine JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 240 10 immunization immunization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 12 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 240 13 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 240 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 240 15 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 240 16 women woman NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 240 17 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 18 child child NN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 19 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 240 20 bearing bear VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 240 21 age age NN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 22 living live VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 240 23 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 24 high high JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 240 25 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 26 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 240 27 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 240 28 targeted target VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 29 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 30 immunization immunization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 31 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 32 three three CD cord-027859-citynr6c 240 33 doses dose NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 240 34 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 35 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 240 36 tetanus tetanus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 37 toxoid toxoid NN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 38 containing contain VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 240 39 vaccine vaccine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 240 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 240 41 TT TT NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 240 42 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 240 43 Td Td NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 240 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 240 45 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 241 1 23 23 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 241 2 _SP cord-027859-citynr6c 242 1 By by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 242 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 242 3 end end NN cord-027859-citynr6c 242 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 242 5 2007 2007 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 242 6 Vaccination vaccination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 242 7 against against IN cord-027859-citynr6c 242 8 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 242 9 range range NN cord-027859-citynr6c 242 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 242 11 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 242 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 242 13 viral viral JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 242 14 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 242 15 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 242 16 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 242 17 integral integral JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 242 18 part part NN cord-027859-citynr6c 242 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 242 20 communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 242 21 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 242 22 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 242 23 worldwide worldwide RB cord-027859-citynr6c 242 24 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 243 1 Vaccination vaccination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 243 2 against against IN cord-027859-citynr6c 243 3 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 243 4 specifi specifi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 243 5 c c NN cord-027859-citynr6c 243 6 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 243 7 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 243 8 only only RB cord-027859-citynr6c 243 9 reduces reduce VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 243 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 243 11 incidence incidence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 243 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 243 13 that that DT cord-027859-citynr6c 243 14 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 243 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 243 16 but but CC cord-027859-citynr6c 243 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 243 18 also also RB cord-027859-citynr6c 243 19 reduces reduce VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 243 20 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 243 21 social social JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 243 22 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 243 23 economic economic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 243 24 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 243 25 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 243 26 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 243 27 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 243 28 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 243 29 communities community NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 243 30 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 244 1 Very very RB cord-027859-citynr6c 244 2 high high JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 244 3 immunization immunization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 244 4 coverage coverage NN cord-027859-citynr6c 244 5 can can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 244 6 lead lead VB cord-027859-citynr6c 244 7 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 244 8 complete complete VB cord-027859-citynr6c 244 9 blocking blocking NN cord-027859-citynr6c 244 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 244 11 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 244 12 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 244 13 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 244 14 vaccinepreventable vaccinepreventable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 244 15 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 244 16 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 245 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 245 2 worldwide worldwide JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 245 3 eradication eradication NN cord-027859-citynr6c 245 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 245 5 smallpox smallpox NN cord-027859-citynr6c 245 6 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 245 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 245 8 near near JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 245 9 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 245 10 eradication eradication NN cord-027859-citynr6c 245 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 245 12 polio polio NN cord-027859-citynr6c 245 13 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 245 14 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 245 15 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 245 16 provide provide VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 245 17 excellent excellent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 245 18 examples example NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 245 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 245 20 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 245 21 role role NN cord-027859-citynr6c 245 22 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 245 23 immunization immunization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 245 24 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 245 25 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 245 26 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 245 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 246 1 Despite despite IN cord-027859-citynr6c 246 2 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 246 3 advances advance NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 246 4 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 246 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 246 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 246 7 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 246 8 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 246 9 poorest poor JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 246 10 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 246 11 do do VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 246 12 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 246 13 have have VB cord-027859-citynr6c 246 14 access access NN cord-027859-citynr6c 246 15 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 246 16 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 246 17 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 246 18 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 246 19 infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 246 20 remain remain VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 246 21 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 246 22 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 246 23 leading lead VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 246 24 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 246 25 causes cause NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 246 26 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 246 27 death death NN cord-027859-citynr6c 246 28 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 247 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 247 2 Special Special NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 247 3 Programme Programme NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 247 4 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 247 5 Research Research NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 247 6 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 247 7 Training Training NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 247 8 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 247 9 Tropical Tropical NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 247 10 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 247 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 247 12 TDR TDR NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 247 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 247 14 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 247 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 247 16 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 247 17 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 247 18 Organization Organization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 247 19 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 247 20 designated designate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 247 21 several several JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 247 22 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 247 23 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 247 24 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 247 25 ' ' `` cord-027859-citynr6c 247 26 neglected neglect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 247 27 tropical tropical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 247 28 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 247 29 ' ' '' cord-027859-citynr6c 247 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 247 31 NTDs ntd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 247 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 248 1 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 248 2 disproportionately disproportionately RB cord-027859-citynr6c 248 3 affl affl NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 248 4 ict ict NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 248 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 248 6 poor poor JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 248 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 248 8 marginalized marginalized JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 248 9 populations population NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 248 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 248 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 248 12 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 248 13 regions region NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 248 14 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 248 15 sub sub JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 248 16 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 248 17 Saharan Saharan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 248 18 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 248 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 248 20 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 248 21 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 248 22 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 248 23 Americas Americas NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 248 24 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 249 1 24 24 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 249 2 Infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 249 3 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 249 4 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 249 5 considered consider VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 249 6 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 249 7 ' ' `` cord-027859-citynr6c 249 8 neglected neglect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 249 9 ' ' '' cord-027859-citynr6c 249 10 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 249 11 ' ' `` cord-027859-citynr6c 249 12 orphan orphan NN cord-027859-citynr6c 249 13 ' ' '' cord-027859-citynr6c 249 14 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 249 15 when when WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 249 16 there there EX cord-027859-citynr6c 249 17 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 249 18 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 249 19 lack lack NN cord-027859-citynr6c 249 20 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 249 21 effective effective JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 249 22 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 249 23 affordable affordable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 249 24 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 249 25 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 249 26 easy easy JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 249 27 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 249 28 use use VB cord-027859-citynr6c 249 29 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 249 30 treatments treatment NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 249 31 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 250 1 As as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 250 2 most most JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 250 3 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 250 4 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 250 5 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 250 6 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 250 7 live live VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 250 8 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 250 9 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 250 10 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 250 11 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 250 12 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 250 13 too too RB cord-027859-citynr6c 250 14 poor poor JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 250 15 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 250 16 pay pay VB cord-027859-citynr6c 250 17 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 250 18 drugs drug NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 250 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 250 20 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 250 21 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical NN cord-027859-citynr6c 250 22 industry industry NN cord-027859-citynr6c 250 23 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 250 24 traditionally traditionally RB cord-027859-citynr6c 250 25 ignored ignore VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 250 26 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 250 27 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 250 28 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 251 1 NTDs ntd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 251 2 cause cause VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 251 3 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 251 4 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 251 5 500 500 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 251 6 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 251 7 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 251 8 1 1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 251 9 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 251 10 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 251 11 annually annually RB cord-027859-citynr6c 251 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 251 13 cause cause VB cord-027859-citynr6c 251 14 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 251 15 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 251 16 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 251 17 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 251 18 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 251 19 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 251 20 that that DT cord-027859-citynr6c 251 21 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 251 22 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 251 23 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 251 24 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 251 25 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 252 1 WHO who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 252 2 estimates estimate VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 252 3 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 252 4 at at RB cord-027859-citynr6c 252 5 least least JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 252 6 1 1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 252 7 billion billion CD cord-027859-citynr6c 252 8 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 252 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 252 10 i.e. i.e. FW cord-027859-citynr6c 252 11 onesixth onesixth FW cord-027859-citynr6c 252 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 252 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 252 14 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 252 15 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 252 16 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 252 17 suffers suffer VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 252 18 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 252 19 one one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 252 20 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 252 21 more more RBR cord-027859-citynr6c 252 22 neglected neglect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 252 23 tropical tropical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 252 24 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 252 25 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 252 26 while while IN cord-027859-citynr6c 252 27 other other JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 252 28 estimates estimate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 252 29 suggest suggest VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 252 30 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 252 31 number number NN cord-027859-citynr6c 252 32 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 252 33 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 252 34 much much RB cord-027859-citynr6c 252 35 higher high JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 252 36 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 253 1 Some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 253 2 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 253 3 affect affect VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 253 4 individuals individual NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 253 5 throughout throughout IN cord-027859-citynr6c 253 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 253 7 lives life NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 253 8 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 253 9 causing cause VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 253 10 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 253 11 high high JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 253 12 degree degree NN cord-027859-citynr6c 253 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 253 14 morbidity morbidity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 253 15 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 253 16 physical physical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 253 17 disability disability NN cord-027859-citynr6c 253 18 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 253 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 253 20 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 253 21 certain certain JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 253 22 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 253 23 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 253 24 gross gross JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 253 25 disfi disfi JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 253 26 gurement gurement NN cord-027859-citynr6c 253 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 254 1 Others other NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 254 2 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 254 3 acute acute JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 254 4 infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 254 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 254 6 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 254 7 transient transient JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 254 8 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 254 9 severe severe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 254 10 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 254 11 sometimes sometimes RB cord-027859-citynr6c 254 12 fatal fatal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 254 13 outcomes outcome NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 254 14 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 255 1 Patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 255 2 can can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 255 3 face face VB cord-027859-citynr6c 255 4 social social JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 255 5 stigmatization stigmatization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 255 6 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 255 7 abuse abuse NN cord-027859-citynr6c 255 8 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 255 9 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 255 10 only only RB cord-027859-citynr6c 255 11 add add VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 255 12 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 255 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 255 14 already already RB cord-027859-citynr6c 255 15 heavy heavy JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 255 16 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 255 17 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 255 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 256 1 Neglected neglect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 256 2 tropical tropical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 256 3 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 256 4 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 256 5 contrasted contrast VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 256 6 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 256 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 256 8 ' ' `` cord-027859-citynr6c 256 9 big big JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 256 10 three three CD cord-027859-citynr6c 256 11 ' ' POS cord-027859-citynr6c 256 12 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 256 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 256 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 256 15 / / SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 256 16 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 256 17 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 256 18 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 256 19 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 256 20 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 256 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 256 22 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 256 23 receive receive VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 256 24 much much RB cord-027859-citynr6c 256 25 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 256 26 attention attention NN cord-027859-citynr6c 256 27 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 256 28 funding funding NN cord-027859-citynr6c 256 29 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 257 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 257 2 current current JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 257 3 neglected neglect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 4 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 257 5 portfolio portfolio NN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 6 includes include VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 257 7 parasitic parasitic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 257 8 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 257 9 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 10 protozoan protozoan NN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 11 origin origin NN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 12 like like IN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 13 Kala Kala NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 257 14 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 257 15 azar azar NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 257 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 257 17 leishmaniasis leishmaniasis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 257 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 257 20 African african JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 257 21 sleeping sleep VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 257 22 sickness sickness NN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 257 24 African african JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 257 25 trypanosomiasis trypanosomiasis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 257 27 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 257 28 Chagas Chagas NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 257 29 ' ' POS cord-027859-citynr6c 257 30 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 257 32 American american JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 257 33 trypanosomiasis trypanosomiasis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 257 35 as as RB cord-027859-citynr6c 257 36 well well RB cord-027859-citynr6c 257 37 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 38 those those DT cord-027859-citynr6c 257 39 caused cause VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 40 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 41 helminths helminth NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 257 42 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 257 43 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 44 Schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 257 45 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 257 46 lymphatic lymphatic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 257 47 fi fi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 48 lariasis lariasis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 49 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 257 50 Onchocerciasis Onchocerciasis NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 257 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 257 52 river river NN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 53 blindness blindness NN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 257 55 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 257 56 Dracunculiasis Dracunculiasis NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 257 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 257 58 guinea guinea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 59 worm worm NN cord-027859-citynr6c 257 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 257 61 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 258 1 Infestations infestation NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 258 2 due due JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 258 3 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 258 4 soil soil NN cord-027859-citynr6c 258 5 transmitted transmit VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 258 6 helminths helminth NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 258 7 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 258 8 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 258 9 Ascariasis Ascariasis NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 258 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 258 11 Trichuriais Trichuriais NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 258 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 258 13 Hookworm Hookworm NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 258 14 also also RB cord-027859-citynr6c 258 15 belong belong VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 258 16 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 258 17 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 258 18 latter latter JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 258 19 category category NN cord-027859-citynr6c 258 20 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 259 1 Other other JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 259 2 neglected neglect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 259 3 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 259 4 include include VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 259 5 those those DT cord-027859-citynr6c 259 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 259 7 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 259 8 origin origin NN cord-027859-citynr6c 259 9 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 259 10 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 259 11 Leprosy Leprosy NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 259 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 259 13 Buruli Buruli NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 259 14 ulcer ulcer NN cord-027859-citynr6c 259 15 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 259 16 Trachoma Trachoma NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 259 17 as as RB cord-027859-citynr6c 259 18 well well RB cord-027859-citynr6c 259 19 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 259 20 those those DT cord-027859-citynr6c 259 21 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 259 22 viral viral JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 259 23 origin origin NN cord-027859-citynr6c 259 24 like like IN cord-027859-citynr6c 259 25 dengue dengue NN cord-027859-citynr6c 259 26 fever fever NN cord-027859-citynr6c 259 27 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 259 28 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 259 29 vector vector NN cord-027859-citynr6c 259 30 - - : cord-027859-citynr6c 259 31 borne bear VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 259 32 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 260 1 Even even RB cord-027859-citynr6c 260 2 cholera cholera NN cord-027859-citynr6c 260 3 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 260 4 yellow yellow JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 260 5 fever fever NN cord-027859-citynr6c 260 6 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 260 7 considered consider VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 260 8 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 260 9 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 260 10 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 260 11 NTDs ntd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 260 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 260 13 while while IN cord-027859-citynr6c 260 14 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 260 15 include include VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 260 16 cysticercosis cysticercosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 260 17 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 260 18 hydatidosis hydatidosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 260 19 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 260 20 food food NN cord-027859-citynr6c 260 21 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 260 22 borne bear VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 260 23 trematode trematode NN cord-027859-citynr6c 260 24 infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 260 25 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 261 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 261 2 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 261 3 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 261 4 believed believe VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 261 5 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 261 6 ramped ramp VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 261 7 up up RP cord-027859-citynr6c 261 8 efforts effort NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 261 9 against against IN cord-027859-citynr6c 261 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 261 11 ' ' `` cord-027859-citynr6c 261 12 big big JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 261 13 three three CD cord-027859-citynr6c 261 14 ' ' '' cord-027859-citynr6c 261 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 261 16 will will MD cord-027859-citynr6c 261 17 yield yield VB cord-027859-citynr6c 261 18 far far RB cord-027859-citynr6c 261 19 bigger big JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 261 20 dividends dividend NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 261 21 if if IN cord-027859-citynr6c 261 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 261 23 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 261 24 coupled couple VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 261 25 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 261 26 concerted concerted JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 261 27 attack attack NN cord-027859-citynr6c 261 28 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 261 29 NTDs ntd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 261 30 25 25 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 261 31 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 262 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 262 2 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 262 3 points point VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 262 4 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 262 5 substantial substantial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 262 6 geographical geographical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 262 7 overlap overlap NN cord-027859-citynr6c 262 8 between between IN cord-027859-citynr6c 262 9 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 262 10 neglected neglect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 262 11 tropical tropical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 262 12 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 262 13 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 262 14 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 262 15 ' ' `` cord-027859-citynr6c 262 16 big big JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 262 17 three three CD cord-027859-citynr6c 262 18 ' ' '' cord-027859-citynr6c 262 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 262 20 suggesting suggest VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 262 21 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 262 22 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 262 23 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 262 24 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 262 25 neglected neglect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 262 26 tropical tropical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 262 27 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 262 28 could could MD cord-027859-citynr6c 262 29 become become VB cord-027859-citynr6c 262 30 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 262 31 powerful powerful JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 262 32 tool tool NN cord-027859-citynr6c 262 33 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 262 34 effectively effectively RB cord-027859-citynr6c 262 35 combating combat VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 262 36 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 262 37 / / SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 262 38 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 262 39 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 262 40 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 262 41 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 262 42 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 262 43 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 262 44 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 263 1 25 25 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 264 1 Since since IN cord-027859-citynr6c 264 2 1991 1991 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 264 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 264 4 resurgent resurgent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 264 5 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 264 6 emerging emerge VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 264 7 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 264 8 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 264 9 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 264 10 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 264 11 occurred occur VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 264 12 worldwide worldwide RB cord-027859-citynr6c 264 13 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 265 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 2 addition addition NN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 265 4 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 265 5 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 265 6 widely widely RB cord-027859-citynr6c 265 7 believed believe VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 8 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 265 9 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 265 10 under under IN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 11 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 265 13 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 265 14 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 15 cholera cholera NN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 265 17 dengue dengue NN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 18 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 265 19 diphtheria diphtheria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 20 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 265 21 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 265 22 re re VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 23 - - VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 24 emerged emerge VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 25 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 26 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 265 27 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 265 28 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 265 29 spread spread VB cord-027859-citynr6c 265 30 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 31 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 265 32 regions region NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 265 33 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 265 34 populations population NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 265 35 throughout throughout IN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 36 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 265 37 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 265 39 Figure figure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 265 40 3.8 3.8 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 265 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 265 42 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 266 1 26 26 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 267 1 A a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 267 2 growing grow VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 267 3 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 267 4 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 267 5 increasing increase VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 267 6 urbanization urbanization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 267 7 contribute contribute VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 267 8 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 267 9 emerging emerge VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 267 10 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 267 11 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 267 12 problems problem NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 267 13 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 268 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 268 2 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 268 3 parts part NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 268 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 268 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 268 6 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 268 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 268 8 urban urban JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 268 9 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 268 10 growth growth NN cord-027859-citynr6c 268 11 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 268 12 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 268 13 accompanied accompany VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 268 14 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 268 15 overcrowding overcrowd VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 268 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 268 17 poor poor JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 268 18 hygiene hygiene NN cord-027859-citynr6c 268 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 268 20 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 268 21 sanitation sanitation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 268 22 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 268 23 unclean unclean JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 268 24 drinking drinking NN cord-027859-citynr6c 268 25 water water NN cord-027859-citynr6c 268 26 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 269 1 Urban urban JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 269 2 development development NN cord-027859-citynr6c 269 3 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 269 4 also also RB cord-027859-citynr6c 269 5 caused cause VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 269 6 ecological ecological JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 269 7 damage damage NN cord-027859-citynr6c 269 8 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 270 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 270 2 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 270 3 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 270 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 270 5 certain certain JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 270 6 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 270 7 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 270 8 causing cause VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 270 9 organisms organism NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 270 10 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 270 11 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 270 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 270 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 270 14 vectors vector NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 270 15 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 270 16 transmit transmit VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 270 17 them -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 270 18 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 270 19 thrived thrive VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 270 20 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 270 21 making make VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 270 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 270 23 more more RBR cord-027859-citynr6c 270 24 likely likely JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 270 25 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 270 26 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 270 27 will will MD cord-027859-citynr6c 270 28 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 270 29 infected infect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 270 30 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 270 31 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 270 32 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 270 33 re re JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 270 34 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 270 35 emerging emerge VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 270 36 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 270 37 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 271 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 271 2 existing exist VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 271 3 public public JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 271 4 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 271 5 infrastructure infrastructure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 271 6 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 271 7 already already RB cord-027859-citynr6c 271 8 overtaxed overtaxed JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 271 9 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 271 10 ill ill RB cord-027859-citynr6c 271 11 prepared prepared JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 271 12 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 271 13 deal deal VB cord-027859-citynr6c 271 14 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 271 15 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 271 16 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 271 17 threats threat NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 271 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 272 1 Breakdown breakdown NN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 3 public public JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 272 4 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 5 measures measure NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 272 6 due due IN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 7 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 8 civil civil JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 272 9 unrest unrest NN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 272 11 war war NN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 272 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 272 14 movement movement NN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 15 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 16 refugees refugee NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 272 17 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 272 18 also also RB cord-027859-citynr6c 272 19 contributed contribute VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 20 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 21 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 272 22 re re NN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 23 - - NN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 24 emergence emergence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 25 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 26 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 272 27 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 272 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 272 29 Table table NN cord-027859-citynr6c 272 30 _SP cord-027859-citynr6c 272 31 3 3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 272 32 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 272 33 3 3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 272 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 272 35 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 273 1 26 26 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 273 2 International international JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 273 3 travel travel NN cord-027859-citynr6c 273 4 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 273 5 commerce commerce NN cord-027859-citynr6c 273 6 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 273 7 made make VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 273 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 273 9 possible possible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 273 10 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 273 11 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 273 12 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 273 13 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 273 14 quickly quickly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 273 15 transported transport VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 273 16 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 273 17 one one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 273 18 side side NN cord-027859-citynr6c 273 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 273 20 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 273 21 globe globe NN cord-027859-citynr6c 273 22 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 273 23 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 273 24 other other JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 273 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 273 26 Figure figure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 273 27 3.9 3.9 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 273 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 273 29 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 274 1 26 26 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 274 2 Examples example NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 274 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 274 4 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 274 5 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 274 6 resurgent resurgent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 274 7 infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 274 8 include include VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 274 9 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 274 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 274 11 dengue dengue NN cord-027859-citynr6c 274 12 fever fever NN cord-027859-citynr6c 274 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 274 14 Rift Rift NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 274 15 Valley Valley NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 274 16 fever fever NN cord-027859-citynr6c 274 17 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 274 18 diphtheria diphtheria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 274 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 274 20 cholera cholera NN cord-027859-citynr6c 274 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 274 22 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 274 23 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 274 24 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 274 25 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 274 26 West West NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 274 27 Nile Nile NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 274 28 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 274 29 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 274 30 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 274 31 severe severe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 274 32 acute acute JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 274 33 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 274 34 syndrome syndrome NN cord-027859-citynr6c 274 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 274 36 SARS SARS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 274 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 274 38 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 274 39 avian avian JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 274 40 infl infl NN cord-027859-citynr6c 274 41 uenza uenza NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 274 42 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 275 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 275 2 1976 1976 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 275 3 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 275 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 275 5 named name VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 275 6 after after IN cord-027859-citynr6c 275 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 275 8 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 275 9 River River NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 275 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 275 11 Zaire Zaire NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 275 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 276 1 fi fi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 276 2 rst rst NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 276 3 emerged emerge VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 276 4 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 276 5 Sudan Sudan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 276 6 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 276 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 276 8 Democratic Democratic NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 276 9 Republic Republic NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 276 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 276 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 276 12 Congo Congo NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 276 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 276 14 formerly formerly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 276 15 Zaire Zaire NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 276 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 276 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 277 1 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 277 2 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 277 3 occurs occur VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 277 4 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 277 5 four four CD cord-027859-citynr6c 277 6 distinct distinct JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 277 7 subtypes subtype NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 277 8 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 277 9 Zaïre Zaïre NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 277 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 277 11 Sudan Sudan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 277 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 277 13 Côte Côte NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 277 14 d'Ivoire d'Ivoire NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 277 15 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 277 16 Reston Reston NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 277 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 278 1 Three three CD cord-027859-citynr6c 278 2 subtypes subtype NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 278 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 278 4 occurring occur VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 278 5 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 278 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 278 7 Democratic Democratic NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 278 8 Republic Republic NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 278 9 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 278 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 278 11 Congo Congo NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 278 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 278 13 Sudan Sudan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 278 14 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 278 15 Côte Côte NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 278 16 d'Ivoire d'Ivoire NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 278 17 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 278 18 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 278 19 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 278 20 identifi identifi VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 278 21 ed ed NN cord-027859-citynr6c 278 22 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 278 23 causing cause VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 278 24 illness illness NN cord-027859-citynr6c 278 25 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 278 26 humans human NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 278 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 279 1 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 279 2 haemorrhagic haemorrhagic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 279 3 fever fever NN cord-027859-citynr6c 279 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 279 5 EHF EHF NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 279 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 279 7 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 279 8 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 279 9 febrile febrile JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 279 10 haemorrhagic haemorrhagic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 279 11 illness illness NN cord-027859-citynr6c 279 12 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 279 13 causes cause VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 279 14 death death NN cord-027859-citynr6c 279 15 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 279 16 50 50 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 279 17 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 279 18 90 90 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 279 19 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 279 20 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 279 21 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 279 22 clinically clinically RB cord-027859-citynr6c 279 23 ill ill JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 279 24 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 279 25 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 280 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 280 2 natural natural JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 280 3 reservoir reservoir NN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 280 6 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 280 7 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 8 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 280 9 unknown unknown JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 280 10 despite despite IN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 11 extensive extensive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 280 12 studies study NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 280 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 280 14 but but CC cord-027859-citynr6c 280 15 seems seem VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 280 16 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 280 17 reside reside VB cord-027859-citynr6c 280 18 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 19 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 280 20 rain rain NN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 21 forests forest NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 280 22 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 23 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 280 24 African african JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 280 25 continent continent NN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 26 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 280 27 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 28 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 280 29 Western Western NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 280 30 Pacifi Pacifi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 280 31 c. c. NN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 32 Through through IN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 33 _SP cord-027859-citynr6c 280 34 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 280 35 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 280 36 prevalence prevalence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 37 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 38 dengue dengue NN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 39 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 280 40 dengue dengue NN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 41 haemorrhagic haemorrhagic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 280 42 fever fever NN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 280 44 DHF DHF NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 280 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 280 46 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 280 47 grown grow VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 48 dramatically dramatically RB cord-027859-citynr6c 280 49 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 280 50 recent recent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 280 51 decades decade NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 280 52 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 281 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 281 2 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 281 3 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 281 4 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 281 5 endemic endemic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 281 6 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 281 7 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 281 8 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 281 9 100 100 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 281 10 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 281 11 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 281 12 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 281 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 281 14 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 281 15 Americas Americas NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 281 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 281 17 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 281 18 Eastern Eastern NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 281 19 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 281 20 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 281 21 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 281 22 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 281 23 east east NN cord-027859-citynr6c 281 24 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 281 25 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 281 26 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 281 27 Western Western NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 281 28 Pacifi Pacifi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 281 29 c. c. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 281 30 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 281 31 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 281 32 east east NN cord-027859-citynr6c 281 33 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 281 34 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 281 35 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 281 36 Western Western NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 281 37 Pacifi Pacifi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 281 38 c c NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 281 39 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 281 40 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 281 41 seriously seriously RB cord-027859-citynr6c 281 42 affected affect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 281 43 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 282 1 Some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 282 2 2500 2500 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 282 3 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 282 4 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 282 5 -two -two : cord-027859-citynr6c 282 6 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 282 7 fi fi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 282 8 fths fth NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 282 9 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 282 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 282 11 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 282 12 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 282 13 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 282 14 -are -are : cord-027859-citynr6c 282 15 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 282 16 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 282 17 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 282 18 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 282 19 dengue dengue NN cord-027859-citynr6c 282 20 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 283 1 WHO who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 283 2 currently currently RB cord-027859-citynr6c 283 3 estimates estimate VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 283 4 there there EX cord-027859-citynr6c 283 5 may may MD cord-027859-citynr6c 283 6 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 283 7 50 50 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 283 8 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 283 9 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 283 10 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 283 11 dengue dengue NN cord-027859-citynr6c 283 12 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 283 13 worldwide worldwide RB cord-027859-citynr6c 283 14 every every DT cord-027859-citynr6c 283 15 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 283 16 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 284 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 284 2 2001 2001 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 284 3 alone alone RB cord-027859-citynr6c 284 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 284 5 there there EX cord-027859-citynr6c 284 6 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 284 7 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 284 8 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 284 9 609 609 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 284 10 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 284 11 reported report VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 284 12 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 284 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 284 14 dengue dengue NN cord-027859-citynr6c 284 15 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 284 16 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 284 17 Americas Americas NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 284 18 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 284 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 284 20 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 284 21 15 15 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 284 22 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 284 23 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 284 24 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 284 25 DHF DHF NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 284 26 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 285 1 This this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 285 2 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 285 3 greater great JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 285 4 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 285 5 double double PDT cord-027859-citynr6c 285 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 285 7 number number NN cord-027859-citynr6c 285 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 285 9 dengue dengue NN cord-027859-citynr6c 285 10 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 285 11 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 285 12 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 285 13 recorded record VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 285 14 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 285 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 285 16 same same JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 285 17 region region NN cord-027859-citynr6c 285 18 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 285 19 1995 1995 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 285 20 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 286 1 Not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 286 2 only only RB cord-027859-citynr6c 286 3 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 286 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 286 5 number number NN cord-027859-citynr6c 286 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 286 7 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 286 8 increasing increase VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 286 9 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 286 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 286 11 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 286 12 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 286 13 spreading spread VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 286 14 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 286 15 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 286 16 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 286 17 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 286 18 but but CC cord-027859-citynr6c 286 19 explosive explosive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 286 20 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 286 21 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 286 22 occurring occur VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 286 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 287 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 287 2 2001 2001 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 287 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 287 4 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 287 5 reported report VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 287 6 over over IN cord-027859-citynr6c 287 7 390 390 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 287 8 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 287 9 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 287 10 including include VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 287 11 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 287 12 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 287 13 670 670 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 287 14 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 287 15 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 287 16 DHF DHF NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 287 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 288 1 During during IN cord-027859-citynr6c 288 2 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 288 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 288 4 dengue dengue NN cord-027859-citynr6c 288 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 288 6 attack attack NN cord-027859-citynr6c 288 7 rates rate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 288 8 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 288 9 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 288 10 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 288 11 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 288 12 often often RB cord-027859-citynr6c 288 13 40 40 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 288 14 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 288 15 50 50 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 288 16 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 288 17 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 288 18 but but CC cord-027859-citynr6c 288 19 may may MD cord-027859-citynr6c 288 20 reach reach VB cord-027859-citynr6c 288 21 80 80 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 288 22 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 288 23 90 90 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 288 24 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 288 25 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 289 1 An an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 289 2 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 3 500 500 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 289 4 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 289 5 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 289 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 7 DHF DHF NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 289 8 require require VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 289 9 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 10 each each DT cord-027859-citynr6c 289 11 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 289 13 Microbial microbial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 289 14 adaptation adaptation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 15 Changes change NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 289 16 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 17 virulence virulence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 18 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 289 19 toxin toxin NN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 20 production production NN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 21 ; ; : cord-027859-citynr6c 289 22 development development NN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 23 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 289 24 change change NN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 25 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 26 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 27 resistance resistance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 28 ; ; : cord-027859-citynr6c 289 29 microbes microbe NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 289 30 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 31 co co NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 289 32 - - NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 289 33 factors factor NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 289 34 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 35 chronic chronic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 289 36 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 289 37 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 38 whom whom WP cord-027859-citynr6c 289 39 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 289 40 very very RB cord-027859-citynr6c 289 41 large large JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 289 42 proportion proportion NN cord-027859-citynr6c 289 43 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 289 44 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 289 45 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 290 1 Without without IN cord-027859-citynr6c 290 2 proper proper JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 290 3 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 290 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 290 5 DHF DHF NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 290 6 case case NN cord-027859-citynr6c 290 7 fatality fatality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 290 8 rates rate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 290 9 can can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 290 10 exceed exceed VB cord-027859-citynr6c 290 11 20 20 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 290 12 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 290 13 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 291 1 With with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 291 2 modern modern JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 291 3 intensive intensive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 291 4 supportive supportive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 291 5 therapy therapy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 291 6 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 291 7 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 291 8 rates rate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 291 9 can can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 291 10 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 291 11 reduced reduce VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 291 12 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 291 13 less less JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 291 14 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 291 15 1 1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 291 16 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 291 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 292 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 292 2 spread spread NN cord-027859-citynr6c 292 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 292 4 dengue dengue NN cord-027859-citynr6c 292 5 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 292 6 attributed attribute VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 292 7 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 292 8 expanding expand VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 292 9 geographical geographical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 292 10 distribution distribution NN cord-027859-citynr6c 292 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 292 12 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 292 13 four four CD cord-027859-citynr6c 292 14 dengue dengue NN cord-027859-citynr6c 292 15 viruses virus NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 292 16 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 292 17 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 292 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 292 19 mosquito mosquito NN cord-027859-citynr6c 292 20 vectors vector NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 292 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 292 22 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 292 23 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 292 24 important important JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 292 25 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 292 26 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 292 27 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 292 28 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 292 29 predominantly predominantly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 292 30 urban urban JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 292 31 species specie NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 292 32 Aedes Aedes NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 292 33 aegypti aegypti NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 292 34 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 293 1 A a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 293 2 rapid rapid JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 293 3 rise rise NN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 4 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 5 urban urban JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 293 6 populations population NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 293 7 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 293 8 bringing bring VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 293 9 ever ever RB cord-027859-citynr6c 293 10 greater great JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 293 11 numbers number NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 293 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 13 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 293 14 into into IN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 15 contact contact NN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 16 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 17 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 293 18 vector vector NN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 293 20 especially especially RB cord-027859-citynr6c 293 21 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 22 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 293 23 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 293 24 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 293 25 favourable favourable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 293 26 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 27 mosquito mosquito NN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 28 breeding breeding NN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 29 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 293 30 e.g. e.g. RB cord-027859-citynr6c 293 31 where where WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 293 32 household household NN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 33 water water NN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 34 storage storage NN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 35 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 293 36 common common JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 293 37 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 293 38 where where WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 293 39 solid solid JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 293 40 waste waste NN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 41 disposal disposal NN cord-027859-citynr6c 293 42 services service NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 293 43 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 293 44 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 293 45 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 294 1 28 28 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 294 2 Rift Rift NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 294 3 Valley Valley NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 294 4 fever fever NN cord-027859-citynr6c 294 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 294 6 RVF RVF NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 294 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 294 8 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 294 9 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 294 10 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 294 11 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 294 12 typically typically RB cord-027859-citynr6c 294 13 affecting affect VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 294 14 sheep sheep NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 294 15 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 294 16 cattle cattle NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 294 17 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 294 18 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 294 19 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 295 1 Mosquitoes mosquito NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 295 2 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 295 3 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 295 4 principal principal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 295 5 means mean NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 295 6 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 295 7 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 295 8 RVF RVF NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 295 9 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 295 10 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 295 11 transmitted transmit VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 295 12 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 295 13 animals animal NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 295 14 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 295 15 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 295 16 humans human NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 295 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 296 1 Following follow VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 296 2 abnormally abnormally RB cord-027859-citynr6c 296 3 heavy heavy JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 296 4 rainfall rainfall NN cord-027859-citynr6c 296 5 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 296 6 Kenya Kenya NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 296 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 296 8 Somalia Somalia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 296 9 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 296 10 late late JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 296 11 1997 1997 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 296 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 296 13 early early JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 296 14 1998 1998 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 296 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 296 16 RVF RVF NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 296 17 occurred occur VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 296 18 over over IN cord-027859-citynr6c 296 19 vast vast JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 296 20 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 296 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 296 22 producing produce VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 296 23 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 296 24 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 296 25 livestock livestock NN cord-027859-citynr6c 296 26 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 296 27 causing cause VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 296 28 haemorrhagic haemorrhagic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 296 29 fever fever NN cord-027859-citynr6c 296 30 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 296 31 death death NN cord-027859-citynr6c 296 32 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 296 33 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 296 34 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 296 35 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 296 36 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 297 1 As as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 297 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 297 3 December December NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 297 4 2006 2006 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 297 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 297 6 WHO who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 297 7 fi fi VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 297 8 gures gure NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 297 9 indicate indicate VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 297 10 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 297 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 297 12 outbreak outbreak NN cord-027859-citynr6c 297 13 continues continue VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 297 14 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 297 15 affect affect VB cord-027859-citynr6c 297 16 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 297 17 north north JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 297 18 western western JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 297 19 provinces province NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 297 20 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 297 21 Kenya Kenya NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 297 22 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 298 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 298 2 September September NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 298 3 2000 2000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 298 4 WHO who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 298 5 documented document VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 298 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 298 7 fi fi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 298 8 rst rst NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 298 9 ever ever RB cord-027859-citynr6c 298 10 RVF RVF NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 298 11 outbreak outbreak NN cord-027859-citynr6c 298 12 outside outside IN cord-027859-citynr6c 298 13 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 298 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 298 15 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 298 16 Yemen Yemen NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 298 17 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 298 18 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 298 19 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 298 20 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 298 21 Saudi Saudi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 298 22 Arabia Arabia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 298 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 298 24 KSA KSA NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 298 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 298 26 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 299 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 299 2 sequencing sequencing NN cord-027859-citynr6c 299 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 299 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 299 5 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 299 6 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 299 7 KSA KSA NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 299 8 indicated indicate VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 299 9 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 299 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 299 11 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 299 12 similar similar JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 299 13 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 299 14 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 299 15 RVF RVF NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 299 16 viruses virus NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 299 17 isolated isolate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 299 18 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 299 19 East East NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 299 20 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 299 21 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 299 22 1998 1998 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 299 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 300 1 A a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 300 2 total total NN cord-027859-citynr6c 300 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 300 4 1087 1087 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 300 5 suspected suspect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 300 6 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 300 7 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 300 8 identifi identifi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 300 9 ed ed NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 300 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 300 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 300 12 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 300 13 121 121 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 300 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 300 15 11 11 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 300 16 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 300 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 300 18 persons person NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 300 19 died die VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 300 20 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 301 1 Of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 301 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 301 3 1087 1087 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 301 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 301 5 815 815 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 301 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 301 7 75 75 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 301 8 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 301 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 301 10 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 301 11 reported report VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 301 12 exposure exposure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 301 13 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 301 14 sick sick JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 301 15 animals animal NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 301 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 301 17 handling handle VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 301 18 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 301 19 abortus abortus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 301 20 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 301 21 slaughtering slaughter VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 301 22 animals animal NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 301 23 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 301 24 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 301 25 week week NN cord-027859-citynr6c 301 26 before before IN cord-027859-citynr6c 301 27 onset onset NN cord-027859-citynr6c 301 28 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 301 29 illness illness NN cord-027859-citynr6c 301 30 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 302 1 29 29 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 303 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 303 2 vibrio vibrio NN cord-027859-citynr6c 303 3 responsible responsible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 303 4 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 303 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 303 6 seventh seventh JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 303 7 pandemic pandemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 303 8 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 303 9 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 303 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 303 11 progress progress NN cord-027859-citynr6c 303 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 303 13 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 303 14 known know VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 303 15 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 303 16 V. V. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 303 17 cholerae cholerae NN cord-027859-citynr6c 303 18 O1 o1 NN cord-027859-citynr6c 303 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 303 20 biotype biotype NN cord-027859-citynr6c 303 21 El El NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 303 22 Tor Tor NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 303 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 304 1 According accord VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 304 2 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 304 3 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 304 4 WHO WHO NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 304 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 304 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 304 7 continues continue VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 304 8 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 304 9 spread spread VB cord-027859-citynr6c 304 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 304 11 Angola Angola NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 304 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 304 13 Sudan Sudan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 304 14 ; ; : cord-027859-citynr6c 304 15 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 304 16 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 304 17 40 40 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 304 18 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 304 19 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 304 20 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 304 21 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 304 22 documented document VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 304 23 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 304 24 over over IN cord-027859-citynr6c 304 25 1500 1500 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 304 26 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 304 27 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 304 28 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 304 29 case case NN cord-027859-citynr6c 304 30 fatality fatality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 304 31 rate rate NN cord-027859-citynr6c 304 32 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 304 33 3.5 3.5 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 304 34 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 304 35 4 4 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 304 36 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 304 37 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 305 1 Cholera cholera NN cord-027859-citynr6c 305 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 305 3 biotype biotype NN cord-027859-citynr6c 305 4 El El NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 305 5 Tor Tor NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 305 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 305 7 broke break VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 305 8 out out RP cord-027859-citynr6c 305 9 explosively explosively RB cord-027859-citynr6c 305 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 305 11 Peru Peru NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 305 12 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 305 13 1991 1991 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 305 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 305 15 after after IN cord-027859-citynr6c 305 16 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 305 17 absence absence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 305 18 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 305 19 100 100 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 305 20 years year NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 305 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 305 22 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 305 23 spread spread VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 305 24 rapidly rapidly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 305 25 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 305 26 Central Central NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 305 27 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 305 28 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 305 29 America America NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 305 30 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 305 31 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 305 32 recurrent recurrent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 305 33 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 305 34 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 305 35 1992 1992 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 305 36 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 305 37 1993 1993 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 305 38 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 306 1 From from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 306 3 onset onset NN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 306 6 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 7 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 8 January January NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 306 9 1991 1991 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 306 10 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 11 1 1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 306 12 September September NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 306 13 1994 1994 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 306 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 306 15 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 306 16 total total NN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 17 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 18 1 1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 306 19 041 041 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 306 20 422 422 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 306 21 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 306 22 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 306 23 9642 9642 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 306 24 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 306 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 306 26 overall overall JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 306 27 case case NN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 28 fatality fatality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 29 rate rate NN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 30 0.9 0.9 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 306 31 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 306 33 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 306 34 reported report VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 35 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 36 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 306 37 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 38 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 306 39 Western Western NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 306 40 Hemisphere Hemisphere NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 306 41 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 306 42 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 306 43 Pan Pan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 306 44 American American NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 306 45 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 306 46 Organization Organization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 306 47 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 307 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 307 2 December December NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 307 3 1992 1992 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 307 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 307 5 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 307 6 large large JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 307 7 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 307 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 307 9 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 307 10 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 307 11 strain strain NN cord-027859-citynr6c 307 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 307 13 cholera cholera NN cord-027859-citynr6c 307 14 V. V. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 307 15 cholerae cholerae NN cord-027859-citynr6c 307 16 0139 0139 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 307 17 began begin VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 307 18 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 307 19 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 307 20 India India NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 307 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 307 22 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 307 23 spread spread VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 307 24 rapidly rapidly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 307 25 through through IN cord-027859-citynr6c 307 26 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 307 27 subcontinent subcontinent NN cord-027859-citynr6c 307 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 307 29 Figure figure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 307 30 3.10 3.10 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 307 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 307 32 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 308 1 This this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 308 2 strain strain NN cord-027859-citynr6c 308 3 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 308 4 changed change VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 308 5 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 308 6 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 308 7 structure structure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 308 8 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 308 9 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 308 10 there there EX cord-027859-citynr6c 308 11 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 308 12 no no DT cord-027859-citynr6c 308 13 existing exist VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 308 14 immunity immunity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 308 15 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 308 16 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 308 17 ages age NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 308 18 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 308 19 even even RB cord-027859-citynr6c 308 20 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 308 21 endemic endemic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 308 22 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 308 23 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 308 24 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 308 25 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 308 26 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 309 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 309 2 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 309 3 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 309 4 continued continue VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 309 5 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 309 6 spread spread VB cord-027859-citynr6c 309 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 309 8 V. V. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 309 9 cholerae cholerae NN cord-027859-citynr6c 309 10 O139 o139 NN cord-027859-citynr6c 309 11 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 309 12 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 309 13 reported report VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 309 14 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 309 15 11 11 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 309 16 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 309 17 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 309 18 South South NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 309 19 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 309 20 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 310 1 Because because IN cord-027859-citynr6c 310 2 humans human NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 310 3 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 310 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 310 5 only only JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 310 6 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 310 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 310 8 survival survival NN cord-027859-citynr6c 310 9 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 310 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 310 11 cholera cholera NN cord-027859-citynr6c 310 12 vibrios vibrios NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 310 13 during during IN cord-027859-citynr6c 310 14 interepidemic interepidemic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 310 15 periods period NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 310 16 probably probably RB cord-027859-citynr6c 310 17 depends depend VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 310 18 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 310 19 low low JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 310 20 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 310 21 level level NN cord-027859-citynr6c 310 22 undiagnosed undiagnosed JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 310 23 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 310 24 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 310 25 transiently transiently RB cord-027859-citynr6c 310 26 infected infect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 310 27 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 310 28 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 310 29 individuals individual NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 310 30 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 311 1 Recent recent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 311 2 studies study NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 311 3 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 311 4 suggested suggest VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 5 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 6 cholera cholera NN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 7 vibrios vibrio NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 311 8 can can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 311 9 persist persist VB cord-027859-citynr6c 311 10 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 11 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 311 12 time time NN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 14 shellfi shellfi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 311 15 sh sh NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 311 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 311 17 algae algae NN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 18 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 311 19 plankton plankton NN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 20 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 21 coastal coastal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 311 22 regions region NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 311 23 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 24 Emerging Emerging NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 311 25 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 311 26 Resurgent Resurgent NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 311 27 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 311 28 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 311 29 infected infect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 30 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 311 31 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 311 32 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 311 33 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 311 34 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 35 claimed claim VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 36 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 37 they -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 311 38 can can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 311 39 exist exist VB cord-027859-citynr6c 311 40 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 41 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 311 42 viable viable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 311 43 but but CC cord-027859-citynr6c 311 44 non non JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 311 45 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 311 46 culturable culturable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 311 47 state state NN cord-027859-citynr6c 311 48 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 312 1 30 30 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 313 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 313 2 early early JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 313 3 1999 1999 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 313 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 313 5 health health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 313 6 offi offi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 313 7 cials cials NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 313 8 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 313 9 Malaysia Malaysia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 313 10 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 313 11 Singapore Singapore NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 313 12 investigated investigate VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 313 13 reports report NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 313 14 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 313 15 febrile febrile JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 313 16 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 313 17 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 313 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 313 19 illnesses illness NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 313 20 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 313 21 workers worker NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 313 22 who who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 313 23 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 313 24 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 313 25 exposed expose VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 313 26 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 313 27 pigs pig NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 313 28 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 314 1 A a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 314 2 previously previously RB cord-027859-citynr6c 314 3 unrecognized unrecognized JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 314 4 paramyxovirus paramyxovirus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 314 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 314 6 formerly formerly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 314 7 known know VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 314 8 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 314 9 Hendra Hendra NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 314 10 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 314 11 like like JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 314 12 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 314 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 314 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 314 15 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 314 16 called call VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 314 17 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 314 18 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 314 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 314 20 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 314 21 implicated implicate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 314 22 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 314 23 laboratory laboratory NN cord-027859-citynr6c 314 24 testing testing NN cord-027859-citynr6c 314 25 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 314 26 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 314 27 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 314 28 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 314 29 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 314 30 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 315 1 As as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 315 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 315 3 April April NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 315 4 1999 1999 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 315 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 315 6 257 257 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 315 7 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 315 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 315 9 febrile febrile JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 315 10 encephalitis encephaliti NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 315 11 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 315 12 reported report VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 315 13 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 315 14 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 315 15 Malaysian Malaysian NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 315 16 Ministry Ministry NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 315 17 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 315 18 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 315 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 315 20 including include VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 315 21 100 100 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 315 22 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 315 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 316 1 Laboratory laboratory NN cord-027859-citynr6c 316 2 results result NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 316 3 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 316 4 65 65 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 316 5 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 316 6 who who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 316 7 died die VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 316 8 suggested suggest VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 316 9 recent recent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 316 10 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 316 11 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 316 12 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 316 13 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 317 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 317 2 apparent apparent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 317 3 source source NN cord-027859-citynr6c 317 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 317 5 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 317 6 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 317 7 most most JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 317 8 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 317 9 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 317 10 continues continue VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 317 11 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 317 12 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 317 13 exposure exposure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 317 14 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 317 15 pigs pig NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 317 16 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 318 1 Human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 318 2 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 318 3 tohuman tohuman NN cord-027859-citynr6c 318 4 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 318 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 318 6 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 318 7 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 318 8 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 318 9 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 318 10 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 318 11 documented document VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 318 12 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 319 1 Outbreak outbreak NN cord-027859-citynr6c 319 2 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 319 3 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 319 4 Malaysia Malaysia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 319 5 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 319 6 focused focus VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 319 7 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 319 8 culling cull VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 319 9 pigs pig NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 319 10 ; ; : cord-027859-citynr6c 319 11 approximately approximately RB cord-027859-citynr6c 319 12 890 890 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 319 13 000 000 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 319 14 pigs pig NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 319 15 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 319 16 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 319 17 killed kill VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 319 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 320 1 Other other JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 320 2 measures measure NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 320 3 include include VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 320 4 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 320 5 ban ban NN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 6 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 7 transporting transport VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 320 8 pigs pig NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 320 9 within within IN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 320 11 country country NN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 320 13 education education NN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 14 about about IN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 15 contact contact NN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 16 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 17 pigs pig NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 320 18 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 320 19 use use NN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 20 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 21 personal personal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 320 22 protective protective JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 320 23 equipment equipment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 24 among among IN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 25 persons person NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 320 26 exposed expose VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 27 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 28 pigs pig NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 320 29 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 320 30 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 320 31 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 320 32 national national JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 320 33 surveillance surveillance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 34 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 320 35 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 36 system system NN cord-027859-citynr6c 320 37 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 320 38 detect detect VB cord-027859-citynr6c 320 39 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 320 40 cull cull VB cord-027859-citynr6c 320 41 additional additional JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 320 42 infected infected JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 320 43 herds herd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 320 44 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 321 1 31 31 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 322 1 Nipah nipah NN cord-027859-citynr6c 322 2 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 322 3 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 322 4 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 322 5 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 322 6 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 322 7 also also RB cord-027859-citynr6c 322 8 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 322 9 reported report VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 322 10 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 322 11 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 322 12 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 323 1 Since since IN cord-027859-citynr6c 323 2 then then RB cord-027859-citynr6c 323 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 323 4 no no DT cord-027859-citynr6c 323 5 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 323 6 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 323 7 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 323 8 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 323 9 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 323 10 reported report VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 323 11 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 324 1 SARS SARS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 324 2 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 324 3 due due JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 324 4 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 324 5 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 324 6 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 324 7 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 324 8 newly newly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 324 9 identifi identifi VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 324 10 ed ed NN cord-027859-citynr6c 324 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 324 12 named name VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 324 13 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 324 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 324 15 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 324 16 associated associate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 324 17 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 324 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 324 19 SARS SARS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 324 20 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 324 21 CoV CoV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 324 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 324 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 325 1 32 32 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 326 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 326 2 source source NN cord-027859-citynr6c 326 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 326 4 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 326 5 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 326 6 likely likely JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 326 7 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 326 8 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 326 9 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 326 10 direct direct JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 326 11 cross cross JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 326 12 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 326 13 species species JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 326 14 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 326 15 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 326 16 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 326 17 animal animal NN cord-027859-citynr6c 326 18 reservoir reservoir NN cord-027859-citynr6c 326 19 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 327 1 This this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 327 2 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 327 3 supported support VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 327 4 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 327 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 327 6 fact fact NN cord-027859-citynr6c 327 7 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 327 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 327 9 early early JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 327 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 327 11 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 327 12 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 327 13 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 327 14 Province Province NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 327 15 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 327 16 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 327 17 history history NN cord-027859-citynr6c 327 18 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 327 19 exposure exposure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 327 20 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 327 21 live live VB cord-027859-citynr6c 327 22 wild wild JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 327 23 animals animal NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 327 24 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 327 25 markets market NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 327 26 serving serve VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 327 27 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 327 28 restaurant restaurant NN cord-027859-citynr6c 327 29 trade trade NN cord-027859-citynr6c 327 30 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 328 1 Animal animal NN cord-027859-citynr6c 328 2 traders trader NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 328 3 working work VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 328 4 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 328 5 animals animal NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 328 6 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 328 7 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 328 8 markets market NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 328 9 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 328 10 higher high JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 328 11 seroprevalence seroprevalence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 328 12 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 328 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 328 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 328 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 328 16 though though IN cord-027859-citynr6c 328 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 328 18 did do VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 328 19 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 328 20 report report VB cord-027859-citynr6c 328 21 any any DT cord-027859-citynr6c 328 22 illness illness NN cord-027859-citynr6c 328 23 compatible compatible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 328 24 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 328 25 SARS SARS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 328 26 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 329 1 More more RBR cord-027859-citynr6c 329 2 importantly importantly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 329 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 329 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 329 5 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 329 6 CoV CoV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 329 7 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 329 8 like like JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 329 9 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 329 10 detected detect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 329 11 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 329 12 some some DT cord-027859-citynr6c 329 13 animal animal NN cord-027859-citynr6c 329 14 species specie NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 329 15 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 329 16 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 329 17 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 329 18 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 329 19 99 99 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 329 20 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 329 21 homology homology NN cord-027859-citynr6c 329 22 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 329 23 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 329 24 SARS SARS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 329 25 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 329 26 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 329 27 32 32 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 330 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 330 2 clinical clinical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 330 3 course course NN cord-027859-citynr6c 330 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 330 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 330 6 varies vary VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 330 7 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 330 8 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 330 9 mild mild JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 330 10 upper upper JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 330 11 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 330 12 tract tract NN cord-027859-citynr6c 330 13 illness illness NN cord-027859-citynr6c 330 14 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 330 15 usually usually RB cord-027859-citynr6c 330 16 seen see VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 330 17 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 330 18 young young JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 330 19 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 330 20 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 330 21 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 330 22 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 330 23 failure failure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 330 24 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 330 25 occurred occur VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 330 26 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 330 27 around around RB cord-027859-citynr6c 330 28 20 20 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 330 29 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 330 30 25 25 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 330 31 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 330 32 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 330 33 mainly mainly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 330 34 adult adult NN cord-027859-citynr6c 330 35 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 330 36 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 331 1 As as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 331 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 331 3 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 331 4 progresses progress VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 331 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 331 6 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 331 7 start start VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 331 8 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 331 9 develop develop VB cord-027859-citynr6c 331 10 shortness shortness NN cord-027859-citynr6c 331 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 331 12 breath breath NN cord-027859-citynr6c 331 13 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 332 1 From from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 332 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 332 3 second second JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 332 4 week week NN cord-027859-citynr6c 332 5 onwards onwards RB cord-027859-citynr6c 332 6 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 332 7 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 332 8 progress progress VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 332 9 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 332 10 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 332 11 failure failure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 332 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 332 13 acute acute JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 332 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 332 15 distress distress NN cord-027859-citynr6c 332 16 syndrome syndrome NN cord-027859-citynr6c 332 17 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 332 18 often often RB cord-027859-citynr6c 332 19 requiring require VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 332 20 intensive intensive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 332 21 care care NN cord-027859-citynr6c 332 22 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 333 1 32 32 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 334 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 334 2 May May NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 334 3 1997 1997 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 334 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 334 5 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 334 6 3-year 3-year CD cord-027859-citynr6c 334 7 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 334 8 old old JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 334 9 boy boy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 334 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 334 11 Hong Hong NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 334 12 Kong Kong NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 334 13 contracted contract VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 334 14 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 334 15 infl infl NN cord-027859-citynr6c 334 16 uenza uenza NN cord-027859-citynr6c 334 17 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 334 18 like like JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 334 19 illness illness NN cord-027859-citynr6c 334 20 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 334 21 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 334 22 treated treat VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 334 23 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 334 24 salicylates salicylate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 334 25 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 334 26 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 334 27 died die VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 334 28 12 12 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 334 29 days day NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 334 30 later later RB cord-027859-citynr6c 334 31 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 334 32 complications complication NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 334 33 consistent consistent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 334 34 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 334 35 Reye Reye NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 334 36 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 334 37 syndrome syndrome NN cord-027859-citynr6c 334 38 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 335 1 Laboratory laboratory NN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 2 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 3 included include VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 335 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 335 5 isolation isolation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 6 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 7 cell cell NN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 8 culture culture NN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 9 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 10 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 335 11 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 12 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 335 13 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 335 14 identifi identifi VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 15 ed ed NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 335 16 locally locally RB cord-027859-citynr6c 335 17 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 18 infl infl NN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 19 uenza uenza NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 335 20 type type NN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 21 A a NN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 22 but but CC cord-027859-citynr6c 335 23 could could MD cord-027859-citynr6c 335 24 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 335 25 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 335 26 further further RB cord-027859-citynr6c 335 27 characterized characterize VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 28 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 29 reagents reagent NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 335 30 distributed distribute VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 31 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 32 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 33 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 34 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 335 35 infl infl NN cord-027859-citynr6c 335 36 uenza uenza NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 335 37 viruses virus NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 335 38 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 336 1 By by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 336 2 August August NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 336 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 336 4 further further JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 336 5 investigation investigation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 336 6 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 336 7 serological serological JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 336 8 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 336 9 molecular molecular JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 336 10 techniques technique NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 336 11 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 336 12 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 336 13 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 336 14 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 336 15 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 336 16 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 336 17 USA USA NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 336 18 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 336 19 confi confi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 336 20 rmed rmed NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 336 21 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 336 22 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 336 23 isolate isolate NN cord-027859-citynr6c 336 24 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 336 25 A A NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 336 26 / / SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 336 27 Hong Hong NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 336 28 Kong/156/97 Kong/156/97 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 336 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 336 30 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 336 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 336 32 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 336 33 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 336 34 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 336 35 very very RB cord-027859-citynr6c 336 36 closely closely RB cord-027859-citynr6c 336 37 related related JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 336 38 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 336 39 isolate isolate VB cord-027859-citynr6c 336 40 A a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 336 41 / / SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 336 42 Chicken Chicken NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 336 43 / / SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 336 44 Hong Hong NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 336 45 Kong/258/97 Kong/258/97 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 336 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 336 47 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 336 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 336 49 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 337 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 337 2 latter latter JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 337 3 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 337 4 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 337 5 considered consider VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 337 6 representative representative NN cord-027859-citynr6c 337 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 337 8 those those DT cord-027859-citynr6c 337 9 responsible responsible JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 337 10 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 337 11 severe severe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 337 12 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 337 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 337 14 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 337 15 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 337 16 three three CD cord-027859-citynr6c 337 17 rural rural JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 337 18 chicken chicken NN cord-027859-citynr6c 337 19 farms farm NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 337 20 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 337 21 Hong Hong NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 337 22 Kong Kong NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 337 23 during during IN cord-027859-citynr6c 337 24 March March NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 337 25 1997 1997 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 337 26 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 337 27 during during IN cord-027859-citynr6c 337 28 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 337 29 several several JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 337 30 thousand thousand CD cord-027859-citynr6c 337 31 chickens chicken NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 337 32 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 337 33 died die VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 337 34 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 338 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 338 2 analysis analysis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 338 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 338 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 338 5 viral viral JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 338 6 haemagglutinins haemagglutinin NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 338 7 showed show VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 338 8 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 338 9 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 338 10 cleavage cleavage NN cord-027859-citynr6c 338 11 site site NN cord-027859-citynr6c 338 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 338 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 338 14 type type NN cord-027859-citynr6c 338 15 found find VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 338 16 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 338 17 highly highly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 338 18 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 338 19 avian avian JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 338 20 infl infl NN cord-027859-citynr6c 338 21 uenza uenza NN cord-027859-citynr6c 338 22 viruses virus NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 338 23 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 339 1 By by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 339 2 late late JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 339 3 December December NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 339 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 339 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 339 6 total total JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 339 7 number number NN cord-027859-citynr6c 339 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 339 9 confi confi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 339 10 rmed rmed NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 339 11 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 339 12 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 339 13 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 339 14 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 339 15 climbed climb VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 339 16 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 339 17 17 17 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 339 18 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 339 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 339 20 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 339 21 fi fi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 339 22 ve ve NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 339 23 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 339 24 fatal fatal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 339 25 ; ; : cord-027859-citynr6c 339 26 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 339 27 case case NN cord-027859-citynr6c 339 28 fatality fatality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 339 29 rates rate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 339 30 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 339 31 18 18 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 339 32 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 339 33 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 339 34 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 339 35 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 339 36 57 57 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 339 37 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 339 38 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 339 39 adults adult NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 339 40 older old JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 339 41 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 339 42 17 17 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 339 43 years year NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 339 44 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 340 1 Almost almost RB cord-027859-citynr6c 340 2 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 340 3 laboratory laboratory NN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 4 evidence evidence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 6 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 7 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 340 8 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 9 patients patient NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 340 10 who who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 340 11 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 340 12 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 13 near near IN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 14 live live JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 340 15 chickens chicken NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 340 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 340 17 e.g. e.g. RB cord-027859-citynr6c 340 18 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 19 marketplaces marketplace NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 340 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 340 21 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 22 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 340 23 days day NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 340 24 before before IN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 25 onset onset NN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 26 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 27 illness illness NN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 28 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 340 29 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 340 30 suggested suggest VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 340 31 direct direct JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 340 32 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 33 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 34 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 35 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 36 chicken chicken NN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 37 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 38 human human NN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 39 rather rather RB cord-027859-citynr6c 340 40 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 41 person person NN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 42 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 340 43 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 44 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 340 45 person person NN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 46 spread spread NN cord-027859-citynr6c 340 47 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 341 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 341 2 December December NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 341 3 1997 1997 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 341 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 341 5 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 341 6 authorities authority NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 341 7 began begin VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 341 8 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 341 9 slaughter slaughter VB cord-027859-citynr6c 341 10 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 341 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 341 12 1.6 1.6 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 341 13 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 341 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 341 15 chickens chicken NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 341 16 present present JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 341 17 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 341 18 wholesale wholesale JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 341 19 facilities facility NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 341 20 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 341 21 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 341 22 vendors vendor NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 341 23 within within IN cord-027859-citynr6c 341 24 Hong Hong NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 341 25 Kong Kong NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 341 26 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 341 27 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 341 28 importation importation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 341 29 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 341 30 chickens chicken NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 341 31 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 341 32 neighbouring neighbouring JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 341 33 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 341 34 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 341 35 stopped stop VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 341 36 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 342 1 Knowledge knowledge NN cord-027859-citynr6c 342 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 342 3 how how WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 342 4 humans human NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 342 5 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 342 6 infected infect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 342 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 342 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 342 9 real real JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 342 10 level level NN cord-027859-citynr6c 342 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 342 12 humanto humanto JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 342 13 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 342 14 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 342 15 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 342 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 342 17 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 342 18 spectrum spectrum NN cord-027859-citynr6c 342 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 342 20 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 342 21 presentation presentation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 342 22 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 342 23 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 342 24 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-027859-citynr6c 342 25 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 342 26 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 342 27 remains remain VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 342 28 scanty scanty JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 342 29 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 343 1 Human human NN cord-027859-citynr6c 343 2 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 343 3 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 343 4 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 343 5 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 343 6 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 343 7 known know VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 343 8 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 343 9 have have VB cord-027859-citynr6c 343 10 occurred occur VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 343 11 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 343 12 but but CC cord-027859-citynr6c 343 13 there there EX cord-027859-citynr6c 343 14 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 343 15 no no DT cord-027859-citynr6c 343 16 evidence evidence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 343 17 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 343 18 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 343 19 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 343 20 become become VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 343 21 more more RBR cord-027859-citynr6c 343 22 effi effi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 343 23 cient cient NN cord-027859-citynr6c 343 24 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 344 1 All all PDT cord-027859-citynr6c 344 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 344 3 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 344 4 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 344 5 tohuman tohuman NN cord-027859-citynr6c 344 6 infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 344 7 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 344 8 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 344 9 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 344 10 date date NN cord-027859-citynr6c 344 11 seem seem VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 344 12 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 344 13 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 344 14 have have VB cord-027859-citynr6c 344 15 transmitted transmit VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 344 16 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 344 17 further further RB cord-027859-citynr6c 344 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 345 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-027859-citynr6c 345 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 345 3 although although IN cord-027859-citynr6c 345 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 345 5 case case NN cord-027859-citynr6c 345 6 fatality fatality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 345 7 rate rate NN cord-027859-citynr6c 345 8 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 345 9 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 345 10 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 345 11 remains remain VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 345 12 high high JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 345 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 345 14 around around IN cord-027859-citynr6c 345 15 57 57 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 345 16 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 345 17 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 345 18 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 345 19 reported report VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 345 20 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 345 21 WHO who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 345 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 345 23 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 345 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 345 25 seems seem VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 345 26 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 345 27 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 345 28 avian avian JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 345 29 viruses virus NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 345 30 remain remain VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 345 31 poorly poorly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 345 32 adapted adapt VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 345 33 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 345 34 humans human NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 345 35 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 346 1 33 33 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 346 2 Global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 346 3 prevalence prevalence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 4 studies study NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 346 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 346 6 Figure figure NN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 7 3 3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 346 8 .11 .11 NFP cord-027859-citynr6c 346 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 346 10 indicate indicate VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 346 11 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 12 Indonesia Indonesia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 346 13 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 346 14 currently currently RB cord-027859-citynr6c 346 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 346 16 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 346 17 active active JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 346 18 site site NN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 20 bird bird NN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 21 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 22 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 346 23 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 346 24 transmission transmission NN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 25 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 26 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 346 27 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 346 28 Pacifi Pacifi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 346 29 c c NN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 30 region region NN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 31 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 346 32 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 346 33 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 346 34 large large JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 346 35 number number NN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 36 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 37 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 346 38 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 346 39 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 346 40 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 41 detected detect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 42 here here RB cord-027859-citynr6c 346 43 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 346 44 2005 2005 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 346 45 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 346 46 06 06 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 346 47 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 347 1 China China NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 347 2 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 347 3 Cambodia Cambodia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 347 4 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 347 5 also also RB cord-027859-citynr6c 347 6 reported report VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 347 7 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 347 8 cases case NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 347 9 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 347 10 2006 2006 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 347 11 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 348 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 348 2 south south JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 348 3 Asia Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 348 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 348 5 India India NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 348 6 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 348 7 Pakistan Pakistan NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 348 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 348 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 348 10 there there EX cord-027859-citynr6c 348 11 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 348 12 only only RB cord-027859-citynr6c 348 13 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 348 14 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 348 15 reports report NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 348 16 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 348 17 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 348 18 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 348 19 poultry poultry NN cord-027859-citynr6c 348 20 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 348 21 date date NN cord-027859-citynr6c 348 22 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 349 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 349 2 Vietnam Vietnam NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 349 3 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 349 4 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 349 5 there there EX cord-027859-citynr6c 349 6 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 349 7 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 349 8 offi offi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 349 9 cial cial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 349 10 reports report NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 349 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 349 12 poultry poultry NN cord-027859-citynr6c 349 13 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 349 14 ; ; : cord-027859-citynr6c 349 15 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 349 16 show show VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 349 17 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 349 18 decline decline NN cord-027859-citynr6c 349 19 since since IN cord-027859-citynr6c 349 20 2006 2006 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 349 21 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 350 1 Surveillance surveillance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 350 2 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 350 3 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 350 4 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 350 5 especially especially RB cord-027859-citynr6c 350 6 weak weak JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 350 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 350 8 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 350 9 there there EX cord-027859-citynr6c 350 10 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 350 11 evidence evidence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 350 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 350 13 widespread widespread JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 350 14 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 350 15 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 350 16 domestic domestic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 350 17 poultry poultry NN cord-027859-citynr6c 350 18 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 350 19 parts part NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 350 20 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 350 21 north north NN cord-027859-citynr6c 350 22 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 350 23 west west NN cord-027859-citynr6c 350 24 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 350 25 central central JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 350 26 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 350 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 351 1 Prospects prospect NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 351 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 351 3 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 351 4 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 351 5 bleak bleak JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 351 6 here here RB cord-027859-citynr6c 351 7 because because IN cord-027859-citynr6c 351 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 351 9 weaknesses weakness NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 351 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 351 11 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 351 12 services service NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 351 13 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 351 14 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 351 15 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 351 16 number number NN cord-027859-citynr6c 351 17 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 351 18 competing compete VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 351 19 animal animal NN cord-027859-citynr6c 351 20 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 351 21 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 351 22 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 351 23 problems problem NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 351 24 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 352 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 352 2 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 352 3 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 352 4 Egypt Egypt NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 352 5 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 352 6 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 352 7 well well RB cord-027859-citynr6c 352 8 described describe VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 352 9 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 353 1 These these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 353 2 involved involve VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 353 3 both both CC cord-027859-citynr6c 353 4 commercial commercial JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 353 5 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 353 6 backyard backyard NN cord-027859-citynr6c 353 7 fl fl NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 353 8 ocks ocks NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 353 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 353 10 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 353 11 considerable considerable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 353 12 impact impact NN cord-027859-citynr6c 353 13 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 353 14 economic economic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 353 15 life life NN cord-027859-citynr6c 353 16 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 353 17 food food NN cord-027859-citynr6c 353 18 security security NN cord-027859-citynr6c 353 19 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 354 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 354 2 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 354 3 probable probable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 354 4 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 354 5 large large JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 354 6 numbers number NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 354 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 354 8 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 354 9 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 354 10 African african JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 354 11 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 354 12 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 354 13 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 354 14 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 354 15 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 354 16 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 354 17 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 354 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 355 1 If if IN cord-027859-citynr6c 355 2 that that DT cord-027859-citynr6c 355 3 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 355 4 had have VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 355 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 355 6 potential potential NN cord-027859-citynr6c 355 7 then then RB cord-027859-citynr6c 355 8 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 355 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 355 10 arising arise VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 355 11 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 355 12 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 355 13 must must MD cord-027859-citynr6c 355 14 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 355 15 considered consider VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 355 16 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 355 17 possibility possibility NN cord-027859-citynr6c 355 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 356 1 33 33 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 356 2 Non non JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 356 3 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 356 4 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 356 5 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 356 6 take take VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 356 7 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 356 8 enormous enormous JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 356 9 toll toll NN cord-027859-citynr6c 356 10 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 356 11 lives life NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 356 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 356 13 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 356 14 worldwide worldwide RB cord-027859-citynr6c 356 15 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 357 1 Non non JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 357 2 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 357 3 communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 357 4 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 357 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 357 6 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 357 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 357 8 account account VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 357 9 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 357 10 nearly nearly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 357 11 60 60 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 357 12 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 357 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 357 14 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 357 15 globally globally RB cord-027859-citynr6c 357 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 357 17 mostly mostly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 357 18 due due JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 357 19 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 357 20 heart heart NN cord-027859-citynr6c 357 21 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 357 22 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 357 23 stroke stroke NN cord-027859-citynr6c 357 24 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 357 25 cancer cancer NN cord-027859-citynr6c 357 26 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 357 27 diabetes diabetes NN cord-027859-citynr6c 357 28 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 357 29 lung lung NN cord-027859-citynr6c 357 30 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 357 31 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 358 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 358 2 rapid rapid JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 358 3 rise rise NN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 5 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 358 6 represents represent VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 358 7 one one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 358 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 9 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 358 10 major major JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 358 11 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 12 challenges challenge NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 358 13 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 14 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 358 15 development development NN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 16 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 17 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 358 18 twenty twenty CD cord-027859-citynr6c 358 19 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 358 20 fi fi NN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 21 rst rst NN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 22 century century NN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 23 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 358 24 threatens threaten VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 358 25 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 358 26 economic economic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 358 27 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 358 28 social social JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 358 29 development development NN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 30 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 31 nations nation NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 358 32 as as RB cord-027859-citynr6c 358 33 well well RB cord-027859-citynr6c 358 34 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 35 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 358 36 lives life NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 358 37 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 358 38 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 39 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 40 millions million NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 358 41 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 358 42 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 358 43 subjects subject NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 358 44 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 359 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 359 2 1998 1998 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 359 3 alone alone RB cord-027859-citynr6c 359 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 359 5 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 359 6 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 359 7 estimated estimate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 359 8 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 359 9 have have VB cord-027859-citynr6c 359 10 contributed contribute VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 359 11 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 359 12 31.7 31.7 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 359 13 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 359 14 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 359 15 globally globally RB cord-027859-citynr6c 359 16 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 359 17 43 43 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 359 18 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 359 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 359 20 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 359 21 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 359 22 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 359 23 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 359 24 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 359 25 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 360 1 34 34 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 361 1 Until until IN cord-027859-citynr6c 361 2 recently recently RB cord-027859-citynr6c 361 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 361 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 361 5 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 361 6 believed believe VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 361 7 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 361 8 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 361 9 were be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 361 10 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 361 11 minor minor JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 361 12 or or CC cord-027859-citynr6c 361 13 even even RB cord-027859-citynr6c 361 14 non non JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 361 15 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 361 16 existent existent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 361 17 problem problem NN cord-027859-citynr6c 361 18 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 361 19 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 361 20 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 361 21 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 361 22 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 361 23 tropics tropic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 361 24 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 362 1 A a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 362 2 recent recent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 362 3 analysis analysis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 362 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 362 5 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 362 6 trends trend NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 362 7 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 362 8 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 362 9 suggests suggest VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 362 10 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 362 11 large large JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 362 12 increases increase NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 362 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 362 14 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 362 15 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 362 16 occurred occur VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 362 17 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 362 18 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 362 19 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 362 20 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 362 21 35 35 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 362 22 particularly particularly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 362 23 those those DT cord-027859-citynr6c 362 24 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 362 25 rapid rapid JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 362 26 transition transition NN cord-027859-citynr6c 362 27 like like IN cord-027859-citynr6c 362 28 China China NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 362 29 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 362 30 India India NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 362 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 362 32 Table table NN cord-027859-citynr6c 362 33 3 3 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 362 34 .4 .4 NFP cord-027859-citynr6c 362 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 362 36 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 363 1 According accord VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 363 2 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 363 3 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 363 4 estimates estimate NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 363 5 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 363 6 least least RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 363 7 40 40 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 363 8 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 363 9 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 363 10 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 363 11 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 363 12 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 363 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 363 14 tropical tropical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 363 15 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 363 16 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 363 17 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 363 18 attributable attributable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 363 19 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 363 20 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 363 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 363 22 while while IN cord-027859-citynr6c 363 23 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 363 24 industrialized industrialize VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 363 25 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 363 26 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 363 27 account account VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 363 28 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 363 29 75 75 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 363 30 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 363 31 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 363 32 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 363 33 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 363 34 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 364 1 Low low JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 364 2 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 364 3 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 364 4 middle middle JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 364 5 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 364 6 income income NN cord-027859-citynr6c 364 7 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 364 8 suffer suffer VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 364 9 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 364 10 greatest great JJS cord-027859-citynr6c 364 11 impact impact NN cord-027859-citynr6c 364 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 364 13 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 364 14 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 365 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 365 2 rapid rapid JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 365 3 increase increase NN cord-027859-citynr6c 365 4 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 365 5 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 365 6 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 365 7 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 365 8 seen see VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 365 9 disproportionately disproportionately RB cord-027859-citynr6c 365 10 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 365 11 poor poor JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 365 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 365 13 disadvantaged disadvantaged JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 365 14 populations population NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 365 15 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 365 16 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 365 17 contributing contribute VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 365 18 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 365 19 widening widen VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 365 20 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 365 21 gaps gap NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 365 22 between between IN cord-027859-citynr6c 365 23 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 365 24 within within IN cord-027859-citynr6c 365 25 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 365 26 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 366 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 366 2 1998 1998 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 366 3 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 366 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 366 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 366 6 total total JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 366 7 number number NN cord-027859-citynr6c 366 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 366 9 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 366 10 attributable attributable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 366 11 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 366 12 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 366 13 77 77 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 366 14 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 366 15 occurred occur VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 366 16 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 366 17 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 366 18 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 366 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 366 20 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 366 21 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 366 22 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 366 23 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 366 24 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 366 25 they -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 366 26 represent represent VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 366 27 85 85 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 366 28 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 366 29 was be VBD cord-027859-citynr6c 366 30 borne bear VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 366 31 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 366 32 low low JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 366 33 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 366 34 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 366 35 middle middle JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 366 36 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 366 37 income income NN cord-027859-citynr6c 366 38 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 366 39 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 367 1 34 34 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 368 2 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 368 3 now now RB cord-027859-citynr6c 368 4 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 5 projected project VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 6 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 7 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 368 8 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 9 2020 2020 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 368 11 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 368 12 will will MD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 13 account account VB cord-027859-citynr6c 368 14 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 15 almost almost RB cord-027859-citynr6c 368 16 three three CD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 17 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 368 18 quarters quarter NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 368 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 20 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 368 21 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 368 22 worldwide worldwide RB cord-027859-citynr6c 368 23 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 368 24 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 368 25 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 26 71 71 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 27 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 28 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 29 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 368 30 due due JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 368 31 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 32 ischaemic ischaemic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 368 33 heart heart NN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 34 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 368 36 IHD IHD NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 368 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 368 38 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 368 39 75 75 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 40 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 41 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 42 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 368 43 due due JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 368 44 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 45 stroke stroke NN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 46 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 368 47 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 368 48 70 70 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 49 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 50 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 51 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 368 52 due due JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 368 53 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 54 diabetes diabetes NN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 55 will will MD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 56 occur occur VB cord-027859-citynr6c 368 57 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 58 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 368 59 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 368 60 36 36 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 61 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 368 62 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 368 63 number number NN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 64 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 65 people people NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 368 66 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 67 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 368 68 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 368 69 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 70 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 71 diabetes diabetes NN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 72 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 368 73 expected expect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 74 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 368 75 increase increase VB cord-027859-citynr6c 368 76 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 77 more more JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 368 78 than than IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 79 2.5-fold 2.5-fold CD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 80 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 368 81 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 82 84 84 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 83 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 84 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 85 1995 1995 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 86 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 87 228 228 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 88 million million CD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 89 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 368 90 2025 2025 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 368 91 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 369 1 37 37 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 370 1 On on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 370 2 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 370 3 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 370 4 basis basis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 370 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 370 6 60 60 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 370 7 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 370 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 370 9 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 370 10 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 370 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 370 12 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 370 13 will will MD cord-027859-citynr6c 370 14 occur occur VB cord-027859-citynr6c 370 15 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 370 16 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 370 17 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 370 18 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 370 19 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 370 20 rate rate NN cord-027859-citynr6c 370 21 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 370 22 which which WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 370 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 370 24 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 370 25 increasing increase VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 370 26 annually annually RB cord-027859-citynr6c 370 27 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 370 28 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 370 29 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 371 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 371 2 public public JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 371 3 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 371 4 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 371 5 economic economic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 371 6 implications implication NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 371 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 371 8 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 371 9 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-027859-citynr6c 371 10 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 371 11 staggering staggering JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 371 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 371 13 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 371 14 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 371 15 already already RB cord-027859-citynr6c 371 16 becoming become VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 371 17 apparent apparent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 371 18 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 372 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 372 2 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 372 3 important important JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 372 4 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 372 5 recognize recognize VB cord-027859-citynr6c 372 6 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 7 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 372 8 trends trend NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 372 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 372 10 indicative indicative JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 372 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 12 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 372 13 increase increase NN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 14 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 15 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 372 16 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 372 17 may may MD cord-027859-citynr6c 372 18 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 372 19 partly partly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 372 20 confounded confound VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 21 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 22 factors factor NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 372 23 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 372 24 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 25 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 372 26 increase increase NN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 27 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 28 life life NN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 29 expectancy expectancy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 30 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 372 31 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 372 32 progressive progressive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 372 33 reduction reduction NN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 34 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 35 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 372 36 due due JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 372 37 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 38 communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 372 39 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 372 40 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 41 adulthood adulthood NN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 42 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 372 43 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 372 44 improvements improvement NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 372 45 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 46 case case NN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 47 detection detection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 48 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 372 49 reporting reporting NN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 50 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 372 51 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 372 52 tropics tropic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 372 53 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 373 1 However however RB cord-027859-citynr6c 373 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 373 3 increase increase VB cord-027859-citynr6c 373 4 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 373 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 373 6 incidence incidence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 373 7 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 373 8 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 373 9 chronic chronic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 373 10 degenerative degenerative JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 373 11 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 373 12 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 373 13 real real JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 373 14 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 374 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 374 2 complex complex JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 374 3 range range NN cord-027859-citynr6c 374 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 374 5 determinants determinant NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 374 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 374 7 below below RB cord-027859-citynr6c 374 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 374 9 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 374 10 interact interact VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 374 11 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 374 12 determine determine VB cord-027859-citynr6c 374 13 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 374 14 nature nature NN cord-027859-citynr6c 374 15 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 374 16 course course NN cord-027859-citynr6c 374 17 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 374 18 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 374 19 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 374 20 38 38 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 374 21 needs need NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 374 22 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 374 23 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 374 24 understood understand VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 374 25 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 374 26 order order NN cord-027859-citynr6c 374 27 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 374 28 adopt adopt VB cord-027859-citynr6c 374 29 preventive preventive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 374 30 strategies strategy NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 374 31 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 374 32 help help VB cord-027859-citynr6c 374 33 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 374 34 societies society NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 374 35 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 374 36 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 374 37 tropics tropic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 374 38 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 374 39 deal deal VB cord-027859-citynr6c 374 40 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 374 41 this this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 374 42 burgeoning burgeon VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 374 43 problem problem NN cord-027859-citynr6c 374 44 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 375 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 375 2 determinants determinant NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 375 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 375 4 non non JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 375 5 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 375 6 communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 375 7 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 375 8 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 375 9 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 375 10 societies society NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 375 11 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 375 12 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 375 13 follows follow VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 375 14 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 376 1 1 1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 376 2 • • NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 377 1 Demographic demographic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 377 2 changes change NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 377 3 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 377 4 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 378 1 • • NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 379 1 Epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 379 2 transition transition NN cord-027859-citynr6c 380 1 • • NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 381 1 Urbanization urbanization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 381 2 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 381 3 internal internal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 381 4 migration migration NN cord-027859-citynr6c 382 1 • • NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 383 1 Changes change NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 383 2 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 383 3 dietary dietary JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 383 4 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 383 5 food food NN cord-027859-citynr6c 383 6 consumption consumption NN cord-027859-citynr6c 383 7 patterns pattern NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 384 1 • • NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 385 1 Lifestyle lifestyle NN cord-027859-citynr6c 385 2 changes change NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 385 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 385 4 changes change NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 385 5 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 385 6 physical physical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 385 7 activity activity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 385 8 patterns pattern NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 385 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 385 10 sociocultural sociocultural JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 385 11 milieu milieu NN cord-027859-citynr6c 385 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 385 13 stress stress NN cord-027859-citynr6c 385 14 as as RB cord-027859-citynr6c 385 15 well well RB cord-027859-citynr6c 385 16 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 385 17 increased increase VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 385 18 tobacco tobacco NN cord-027859-citynr6c 385 19 consumption consumption NN cord-027859-citynr6c 385 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 386 1 • • NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 386 2 Adult adult NN cord-027859-citynr6c 386 3 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 386 4 onset onset NN cord-027859-citynr6c 386 5 effects effect NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 386 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 386 7 low low JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 386 8 birth birth NN cord-027859-citynr6c 386 9 weight weight NN cord-027859-citynr6c 386 10 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 386 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 386 12 effects effect NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 386 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 386 14 early early JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 386 15 life life NN cord-027859-citynr6c 386 16 programming programming NN cord-027859-citynr6c 386 17 • • NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 386 18 Infections Infections NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 386 19 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 386 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-027859-citynr6c 386 21 associations association NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 386 22 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 386 23 chronic chronic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 386 24 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 386 25 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 387 1 • • NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 388 1 Effect effect NN cord-027859-citynr6c 388 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 388 3 malnutrition malnutrition NN cord-027859-citynr6c 388 4 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 388 5 nutrient nutrient NN cord-027859-citynr6c 389 1 defi defi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 389 2 ciencies ciencies NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 390 1 • • NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 391 1 Poverty poverty NN cord-027859-citynr6c 391 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 391 3 inequalities inequality NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 391 4 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 391 5 social social JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 391 6 exclusion exclusion NN cord-027859-citynr6c 392 1 • • NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 393 1 Deleterious deleterious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 393 2 effects effect NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 393 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 393 4 environmental environmental JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 393 5 degradation degradation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 394 1 • • NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 395 1 Impacts impact NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 395 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 395 3 globalization globalization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 395 4 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 396 1 Four four CD cord-027859-citynr6c 396 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 396 3 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 396 4 most most RBS cord-027859-citynr6c 396 5 prominent prominent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 396 6 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 396 7 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 396 8 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 396 9 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 396 10 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 396 11 cancer cancer NN cord-027859-citynr6c 396 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 396 13 chronic chronic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 396 14 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 396 15 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 396 16 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 396 17 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 396 18 diabetes diabetes NN cord-027859-citynr6c 396 19 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 396 20 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 396 21 linked link VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 396 22 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 396 23 common common JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 396 24 preventable preventable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 396 25 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 396 26 factors factor NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 396 27 related relate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 396 28 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 396 29 diet diet NN cord-027859-citynr6c 396 30 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 396 31 lifestyle lifestyle NN cord-027859-citynr6c 396 32 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 397 1 These these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 397 2 factors factor NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 397 3 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 397 4 tobacco tobacco NN cord-027859-citynr6c 397 5 use use NN cord-027859-citynr6c 397 6 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 397 7 unhealthy unhealthy JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 397 8 diet diet NN cord-027859-citynr6c 397 9 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 397 10 lack lack NN cord-027859-citynr6c 397 11 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 397 12 physical physical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 397 13 activity activity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 397 14 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 398 1 Interventions intervention NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 398 2 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 398 3 prevent prevent VB cord-027859-citynr6c 398 4 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 398 5 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 398 6 should should MD cord-027859-citynr6c 398 7 focus focus VB cord-027859-citynr6c 398 8 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 9 controlling control VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 398 10 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 398 11 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 12 factors factor NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 398 13 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 14 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 398 15 integrated integrated JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 398 16 manner manner NN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 17 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 398 18 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 19 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 398 20 family family NN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 21 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 398 22 community community NN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 23 level level NN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 24 since since IN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 25 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 398 26 causal causal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 398 27 risk risk NN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 28 factors factor NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 398 29 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 398 30 deeply deeply RB cord-027859-citynr6c 398 31 entrenched entrench VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 32 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 33 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 398 34 social social JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 398 35 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 398 36 cultural cultural JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 398 37 framework framework NN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 38 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 39 society society NN cord-027859-citynr6c 398 40 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 399 1 Developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 399 2 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 399 3 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 399 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 399 5 tropics tropic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 399 6 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 399 7 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 399 8 recognize recognize VB cord-027859-citynr6c 399 9 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 399 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 399 11 emerging emerge VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 399 12 accelerated accelerated JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 399 13 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 399 14 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 399 15 NCDs ncd NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 399 16 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 399 17 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 399 18 cause cause NN cord-027859-citynr6c 399 19 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 399 20 concern concern NN cord-027859-citynr6c 399 21 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 399 22 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 399 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 399 24 needs need VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 399 25 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 399 26 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 399 27 dealt deal VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 399 28 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 399 29 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 399 30 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 399 31 national national JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 399 32 priority priority NN cord-027859-citynr6c 399 33 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 400 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 400 2 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 400 3 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 400 4 learn learn VB cord-027859-citynr6c 400 5 from from IN cord-027859-citynr6c 400 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 400 7 experience experience NN cord-027859-citynr6c 400 8 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 400 9 industrialized industrialized JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 400 10 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 400 11 affl affl NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 400 12 uent uent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 400 13 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 400 14 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 400 15 tackle tackle VB cord-027859-citynr6c 400 16 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 400 17 emerging emerge VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 400 18 crisis crisis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 400 19 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 400 20 chronic chronic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 400 21 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 400 22 that that WDT cord-027859-citynr6c 400 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 400 24 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 400 25 likely likely JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 400 26 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 400 27 face face VB cord-027859-citynr6c 400 28 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 400 29 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 400 30 near near JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 400 31 future future NN cord-027859-citynr6c 400 32 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 401 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 401 2 emerging emerge VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 401 3 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 401 4 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 401 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 401 6 chronic chronic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 401 7 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 401 8 affecting affect VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 401 9 mainly mainly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 401 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 401 11 economically economically RB cord-027859-citynr6c 401 12 productive productive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 401 13 adult adult NN cord-027859-citynr6c 401 14 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 401 15 will will MD cord-027859-citynr6c 401 16 consume consume VB cord-027859-citynr6c 401 17 scarce scarce JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 401 18 resources resource NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 401 19 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 402 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 402 2 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 402 3 important important JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 402 4 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 402 5 however however RB cord-027859-citynr6c 402 6 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 402 7 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 402 8 realize realize VB cord-027859-citynr6c 402 9 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 402 10 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 402 11 poorer poor JJR cord-027859-citynr6c 402 12 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 402 13 will will MD cord-027859-citynr6c 402 14 be be VB cord-027859-citynr6c 402 15 burdened burden VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 402 16 even even RB cord-027859-citynr6c 402 17 more more RBR cord-027859-citynr6c 402 18 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 402 19 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 402 20 long long JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 402 21 run run NN cord-027859-citynr6c 402 22 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 402 23 if if IN cord-027859-citynr6c 402 24 attempts attempt NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 402 25 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 402 26 not not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 402 27 made make VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 402 28 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 402 29 evolve evolve VB cord-027859-citynr6c 402 30 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 402 31 implement implement VB cord-027859-citynr6c 402 32 interventions intervention NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 402 33 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 402 34 address address VB cord-027859-citynr6c 402 35 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 402 36 emerging emerge VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 402 37 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 402 38 issues issue NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 402 39 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 402 40 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 402 41 urgent urgent JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 402 42 basis basis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 402 43 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 403 1 Ensuring ensure VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 403 2 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 3 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 4 policies policy NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 403 5 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 403 6 aimed aim VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 7 at at IN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 8 tackling tackle VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 403 9 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 403 10 ' ' `` cord-027859-citynr6c 403 11 double double JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 403 12 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 13 ' ' '' cord-027859-citynr6c 403 14 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 403 16 continued continued JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 403 17 existence existence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 18 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 19 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 403 20 huge huge JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 403 21 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 22 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 23 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 403 24 / / SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 403 25 communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 403 26 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 403 27 alongside alongside IN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 28 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 403 29 emerging emerge VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 403 30 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 31 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 32 non non JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 403 33 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 403 34 communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 403 35 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 403 36 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 37 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 403 38 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 403 39 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 40 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 403 41 tropics tropic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 403 42 becomes become VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 403 43 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 403 44 priority priority NN cord-027859-citynr6c 403 45 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 404 1 39 39 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 404 2 _SP cord-027859-citynr6c 405 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 405 2 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 405 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 405 4 live live VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 405 5 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 405 6 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 405 7 constantly constantly RB cord-027859-citynr6c 405 8 changing change VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 405 9 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 406 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 406 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 406 3 past past JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 406 4 25 25 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 406 5 years year NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 406 6 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 406 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 406 8 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 406 9 witnessed witness VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 406 10 signifi signifi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 406 11 ca can MD cord-027859-citynr6c 406 12 nt not RB cord-027859-citynr6c 406 13 progress progress VB cord-027859-citynr6c 406 14 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 406 15 sustainable sustainable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 406 16 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 406 17 technological technological JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 406 18 development development NN cord-027859-citynr6c 406 19 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 407 1 However however RB cord-027859-citynr6c 407 2 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 407 3 increases increase NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 407 4 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 407 5 mass mass JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 407 6 population population NN cord-027859-citynr6c 407 7 movements movement NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 407 8 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 407 9 continuing continue VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 407 10 civil civil JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 407 11 unrest unrest NN cord-027859-citynr6c 407 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 407 13 deforestation deforestation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 407 14 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 407 15 helped help VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 407 16 carry carry VB cord-027859-citynr6c 407 17 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 407 18 into into IN cord-027859-citynr6c 407 19 areas area NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 407 20 where where WRB cord-027859-citynr6c 407 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 407 22 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 407 23 never never RB cord-027859-citynr6c 407 24 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 407 25 seen see VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 407 26 before before RB cord-027859-citynr6c 407 27 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 408 1 This this DT cord-027859-citynr6c 408 2 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 408 3 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 408 4 aided aid VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 408 5 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 408 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 408 7 massive massive JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 408 8 growth growth NN cord-027859-citynr6c 408 9 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 408 10 international international JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 408 11 travel travel NN cord-027859-citynr6c 408 12 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 409 1 Effective effective JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 409 2 medicines medicine NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 409 3 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 409 4 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 409 5 strategies strategy NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 409 6 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 409 7 available available JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 409 8 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 410 1 dra dra NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 410 2 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 410 3 matically matically RB cord-027859-citynr6c 410 4 reduce reduce VB cord-027859-citynr6c 410 5 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 410 6 deaths death NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 410 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 410 8 suffering suffering NN cord-027859-citynr6c 410 9 caused cause VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 410 10 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 410 11 communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 410 12 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 410 13 non non JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 410 14 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 410 15 communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 410 16 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 410 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 411 1 Despite despite IN cord-027859-citynr6c 411 2 reduced reduce VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 411 3 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 411 4 military military JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 411 5 spending spend VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 411 6 many many JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 411 7 governments government NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 411 8 are be VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 411 9 failing fail VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 411 10 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 411 11 ensure ensure VB cord-027859-citynr6c 411 12 that that IN cord-027859-citynr6c 411 13 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 411 14 strategies strategy NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 411 15 receive receive VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 411 16 enough enough JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 411 17 funding funding NN cord-027859-citynr6c 411 18 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 411 19 succeed succeed VB cord-027859-citynr6c 411 20 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 412 1 WHO who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 412 2 priorities prioritie VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 412 3 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 412 5 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 7 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 412 8 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 412 9 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 10 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 412 11 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 412 12 include include VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 412 13 childhood childhood NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 14 immunization immunization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 15 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 412 16 integrated integrate VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 17 management management NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 18 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 19 childhood childhood NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 20 illnesses illness NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 412 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 412 22 use use NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 23 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 24 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 412 25 DOTS dot NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 412 26 strategy strategy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 27 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 412 28 control control VB cord-027859-citynr6c 412 29 TB TB NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 412 30 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 412 31 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 412 32 package package NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 33 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 34 interventions intervention NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 412 35 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 412 36 control control VB cord-027859-citynr6c 412 37 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 38 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 412 39 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 412 40 package package NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 41 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 42 interventions intervention NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 412 43 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 412 44 prevent prevent VB cord-027859-citynr6c 412 45 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 412 46 / / SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 412 47 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 412 48 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 412 49 access access NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 50 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 51 essential essential JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 412 52 drugs drug NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 412 53 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 412 54 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 412 55 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 412 56 overall overall JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 412 57 strengthening strengthening NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 58 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 59 surveillance surveillance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 60 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 412 61 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 62 service service NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 63 delivery delivery NN cord-027859-citynr6c 412 64 systems system NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 412 65 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 413 1 Over over IN cord-027859-citynr6c 413 2 10 10 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 413 3 % % NN cord-027859-citynr6c 413 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 413 5 all all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 413 6 preventable preventable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 413 7 ill ill JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 413 8 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 413 9 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 413 10 today today NN cord-027859-citynr6c 413 11 is be VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 413 12 due due JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 413 13 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 413 14 poor poor JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 413 15 environmental environmental JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 413 16 quality quality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 413 17 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 413 18 conditions condition NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 413 19 such such JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 413 20 as as IN cord-027859-citynr6c 413 21 bad bad JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 413 22 housing housing NN cord-027859-citynr6c 413 23 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 413 24 overcrowding overcrowding NN cord-027859-citynr6c 413 25 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 413 26 indoor indoor JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 413 27 air air NN cord-027859-citynr6c 413 28 pollution pollution NN cord-027859-citynr6c 413 29 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 413 30 poor poor JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 413 31 sanitation sanitation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 413 32 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 413 33 unsafe unsafe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 413 34 water water NN cord-027859-citynr6c 413 35 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 414 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 414 2 challenge challenge NN cord-027859-citynr6c 414 3 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 414 4 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 414 5 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 414 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 414 7 tropics tropic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 414 8 has have VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 414 9 continued continue VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 414 10 into into IN cord-027859-citynr6c 414 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 414 12 new new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 414 13 millennium millennium NN cord-027859-citynr6c 414 14 -never -never . cord-027859-citynr6c 415 1 before before IN cord-027859-citynr6c 415 2 have have VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 415 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 415 4 been be VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 415 5 so so RB cord-027859-citynr6c 415 6 well well RB cord-027859-citynr6c 415 7 equipped equipped JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 415 8 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 415 9 deal deal VB cord-027859-citynr6c 415 10 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 415 11 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 415 12 threats threat NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 415 13 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 416 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-027859-citynr6c 416 2 remains remain VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 416 3 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 416 4 humankind humankind NN cord-027859-citynr6c 416 5 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 416 6 summon summon VB cord-027859-citynr6c 416 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 416 8 collective collective NN cord-027859-citynr6c 416 9 will will NN cord-027859-citynr6c 416 10 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 416 11 pursue pursue VB cord-027859-citynr6c 416 12 these these DT cord-027859-citynr6c 416 13 challenges challenge NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 416 14 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 416 15 break break VB cord-027859-citynr6c 416 16 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 416 17 chain chain NN cord-027859-citynr6c 416 18 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 416 19 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 416 20 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 416 21 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 416 22 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 417 1 National national JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 417 2 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 417 3 international international JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 417 4 surveillance surveillance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 417 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 417 6 communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 417 7 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 417 8 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 417 9 Report Report NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 417 10 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 417 11 Fighting fight VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 417 12 Disease Disease NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 417 13 Fostering Fostering NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 417 14 Development Development NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 417 15 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 418 1 Geneva Geneva NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 418 2 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 419 1 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 419 2 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 419 3 Organization Organization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 419 4 Acute Acute NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 419 5 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 419 6 Infections infection NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 419 7 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 420 1 Geneva Geneva NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 420 2 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 421 1 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 421 2 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 421 3 Organization Organization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 421 4 Indoor Indoor NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 421 5 Air Air NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 421 6 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 421 7 Energy Energy NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 421 8 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 421 9 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 421 10 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 421 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 421 12 Poor Poor NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 421 13 Estimate Estimate NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 421 14 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 421 15 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 421 16 incidence incidence NN cord-027859-citynr6c 421 17 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 421 18 clinical clinical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 421 19 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-027859-citynr6c 421 20 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 421 21 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 421 22 under under IN cord-027859-citynr6c 421 23 fi fi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 422 1 ve ve NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 422 2 years year NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 423 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 423 2 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 423 3 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 423 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 423 5 diarrhoeal diarrhoeal NN cord-027859-citynr6c 423 6 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 423 7 Number Number NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 423 8 EVL-97 EVL-97 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 423 9 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 423 10 002 002 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 423 11 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 424 1 A a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 424 2 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 424 3 review review NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 5 diarrhoeal diarrhoeal NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 6 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 7 control control VBP cord-027859-citynr6c 424 8 New new JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 424 9 parameters parameter NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 424 10 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 11 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 424 12 oral oral JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 424 13 rehydration rehydration NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 14 therapy therapy NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 15 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 424 16 one one CD cord-027859-citynr6c 424 17 year year NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 18 's 's POS cord-027859-citynr6c 424 19 experience experience NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 20 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 21 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 424 22 major major JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 424 23 urban urban JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 424 24 hospital hospital NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 25 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 26 Zaire Zaire NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 424 27 Symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 424 28 hyponatremia hyponatremia NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 29 during during IN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 30 treatment treatment NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 31 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 32 dehydrating dehydrate VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 424 33 diarrheal diarrheal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 424 34 disease disease NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 35 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 36 reduced reduce VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 37 osmolarity osmolarity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 38 oral oral JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 424 39 rehydration rehydration NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 40 solution solution NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 41 Diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 42 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 43 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 44 rural rural JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 424 45 Bangladeshi bangladeshi JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 424 46 children child NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 424 47 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 424 48 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 424 49 Human Human NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 424 50 Rotavirus Rotavirus NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 424 51 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 424 52 Study Study NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 424 53 Group Group NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 424 54 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 425 1 Safety Safety NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 425 2 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 425 3 effi effi NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 425 4 cacy cacy NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 425 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 425 6 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 425 7 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 425 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-027859-citynr6c 425 9 against against IN cord-027859-citynr6c 425 10 severe severe JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 425 11 rotavirus rotavirus JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 425 12 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 425 13 Guidelines guideline NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 425 14 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 425 15 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 425 16 Control Control NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 425 17 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 425 18 Epidemics epidemic NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 425 19 due due JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 425 20 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 425 21 Shigella Shigella NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 425 22 dysenteriae dysenteriae NN cord-027859-citynr6c 425 23 1 1 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 425 24 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 426 1 Publication publication NN cord-027859-citynr6c 427 1 No no UH cord-027859-citynr6c 427 2 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 428 1 WHO/ WHO/ NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 429 1 CDR/95.4 CDR/95.4 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 429 2 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 430 1 Epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-027859-citynr6c 430 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 430 3 dysentery dysentery NN cord-027859-citynr6c 430 4 caused cause VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 430 5 by by IN cord-027859-citynr6c 430 6 shigella shigella NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 430 7 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 431 1 Geneva Geneva NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 431 2 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 432 1 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 2 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 3 Organization Organization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 4 Global Global NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 5 Tuberculosis Tuberculosis NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 6 Control Control NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 7 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 432 8 Surveillance Surveillance NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 9 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 432 10 Planning Planning NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 11 Financing Financing NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 12 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 432 13 Geneva Geneva NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 14 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 432 15 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 16 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 17 Organization Organization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 18 WHO who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 19 / / SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 432 20 International International NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 21 Union Union NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 22 against against IN cord-027859-citynr6c 432 23 Tuberculosis Tuberculosis NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 24 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 432 25 Lung Lung NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 26 Disease Disease NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 27 Global Global NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 28 Project Project NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 29 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 432 30 Anti anti JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 432 31 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 432 32 tuberculosis tuberculosis JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 432 33 Drug Drug NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 34 Resistance Resistance NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 35 Surveillance Surveillance NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 432 36 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 433 1 Epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-027859-citynr6c 433 2 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 433 3 antituberculosis antituberculosis NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 433 4 drug drug NN cord-027859-citynr6c 433 5 resistance resistance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 433 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 433 7 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 433 8 Global Global NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 433 9 Project Project NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 433 10 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 433 11 Anti anti JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 433 12 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 433 13 tuberculosis tuberculosis JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 433 14 Drug Drug NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 433 15 Resistance Resistance NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 433 16 Surveillance Surveillance NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 433 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 433 18 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 433 19 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 433 20 updated update VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 433 21 analysis analysis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 433 22 Geneva Geneva NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 433 23 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 434 1 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 434 2 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 434 3 Organization Organization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 434 4 Climate Climate NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 434 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 434 6 ecology ecology NN cord-027859-citynr6c 434 7 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 434 8 human human JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 434 9 health health NN cord-027859-citynr6c 434 10 Global Global NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 434 11 Burden Burden NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 434 12 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 434 13 Disease Disease NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 434 14 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 434 15 Risk Risk NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 434 16 Factors Factors NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 434 17 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 435 1 Geneva Geneva NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 435 2 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 436 1 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 436 2 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 436 3 Organization Organization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 436 4 Update update NN cord-027859-citynr6c 436 5 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 436 6 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 436 7 measles measle NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 436 8 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 436 9 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 436 10 mortality mortality NN cord-027859-citynr6c 436 11 reduction reduction NN cord-027859-citynr6c 436 12 -worldwide -worldwide . cord-027859-citynr6c 437 1 Towards towards IN cord-027859-citynr6c 437 2 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 437 3 elimination elimination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 437 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 437 5 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 437 6 B b NN cord-027859-citynr6c 437 7 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 437 8 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 437 9 guide guide NN cord-027859-citynr6c 437 10 to to IN cord-027859-citynr6c 437 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 437 12 implementation implementation NN cord-027859-citynr6c 437 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 437 14 national national JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 437 15 immunization immunization NN cord-027859-citynr6c 437 16 programs program NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 437 17 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 437 18 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 437 19 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 437 20 world world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 437 21 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 438 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 438 2 International International NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 438 3 Task Task NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 438 4 Force Force NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 438 5 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 438 6 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 438 7 B B NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 438 8 Immunization Immunization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 438 9 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 439 1 Geneva Geneva NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 439 2 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 440 1 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 440 2 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 440 3 Organization Organization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 440 4 Global Global NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 440 5 control control NN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 6 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 7 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 8 B B NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 440 9 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 10 infection infection NN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 11 Tetanus tetanu VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 12 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 13 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 440 14 countries country NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 440 15 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 440 16 an an DT cord-027859-citynr6c 440 17 update update NN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 18 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 19 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 440 20 maternal maternal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 440 21 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 440 22 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 440 23 tetanus tetanus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 24 elimination elimination NN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 25 Control Control NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 440 26 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 27 neglected neglect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 28 tropical tropical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 440 29 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 440 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 440 31 NTD NTD NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 440 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-027859-citynr6c 440 33 Incorporating incorporate VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 440 34 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 440 35 rapid rapid JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 440 36 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 440 37 impact impact NN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 38 package package NN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 39 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 40 neglected neglect VBN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 41 tropical tropical JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 440 42 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 440 43 with with IN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 44 programs program NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 440 45 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 46 HIV HIV NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 440 47 / / SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 440 48 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 440 49 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 440 50 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 51 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 440 52 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 440 53 malaria malaria NN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 54 Emerging emerge VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 440 55 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 440 56 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 440 57 review review NN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 58 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 59 state state NN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 60 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 440 61 federal federal JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 440 62 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 440 63 surveillance surveillance NN cord-027859-citynr6c 440 64 Fact Fact NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 440 65 Sheet Sheet NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 440 66 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 440 67 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 440 68 Haemorrhagic Haemorrhagic NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 440 69 Fever Fever NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 440 70 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 441 1 Fact fact NN cord-027859-citynr6c 441 2 sheet sheet NN cord-027859-citynr6c 442 1 No no UH cord-027859-citynr6c 442 2 . . NN cord-027859-citynr6c 442 3 103 103 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 442 4 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 443 1 Geneva Geneva NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 443 2 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 444 1 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 444 2 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 444 3 Organization Organization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 444 4 Report Report NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 444 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 444 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 444 7 Public Public NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 444 8 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 444 9 Laboratories Laboratories NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 444 10 Division Division NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 444 11 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 445 1 WHO who WP cord-027859-citynr6c 445 2 Collaborating collaborate VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 445 3 Centre Centre NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 445 4 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 445 5 Research Research NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 445 6 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 445 7 Training Training NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 445 8 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 445 9 Viral Viral NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 445 10 Diagnostics Diagnostics NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 445 11 National National NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 445 12 Institute Institute NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 445 13 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 445 14 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 445 15 Update update NN cord-027859-citynr6c 445 16 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 445 17 Vibrio vibrio NN cord-027859-citynr6c 445 18 cholerae cholerae NN cord-027859-citynr6c 445 19 O1-Western O1-Western NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 445 20 Hemisphere Hemisphere NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 445 21 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 445 22 1991 1991 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 445 23 - - SYM cord-027859-citynr6c 445 24 1994 1994 CD cord-027859-citynr6c 445 25 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 445 26 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 445 27 V. V. NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 445 28 cholerae cholerae NN cord-027859-citynr6c 446 1 O139-Asia O139-Asia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 446 2 Update update NN cord-027859-citynr6c 446 3 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 446 4 outbreak outbreak NN cord-027859-citynr6c 446 5 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 446 6 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 446 7 virus virus NN cord-027859-citynr6c 446 8 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 446 9 Malaysia Malaysia NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 446 10 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 446 11 Singapore Singapore NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 446 12 SARS SARS NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 446 13 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 446 14 emerging emerge VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 446 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 446 16 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 446 17 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 446 18 a a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 446 19 challenge challenge NN cord-027859-citynr6c 446 20 to to TO cord-027859-citynr6c 446 21 place place VB cord-027859-citynr6c 446 22 global global JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 446 23 solidarity solidarity NN cord-027859-citynr6c 446 24 above above IN cord-027859-citynr6c 446 25 national national JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 446 26 sovereignty sovereignty NN cord-027859-citynr6c 447 1 World world NN cord-027859-citynr6c 447 2 avian avian JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 447 3 infl infl NN cord-027859-citynr6c 447 4 uenza uenza NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 447 5 update update NN cord-027859-citynr6c 448 1 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 448 2 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 448 3 could could MD cord-027859-citynr6c 448 4 become become VB cord-027859-citynr6c 448 5 endemic endemic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 448 6 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 448 7 Africa Africa NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 448 8 Global Global NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 448 9 Strategy Strategy NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 448 10 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 448 11 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 448 12 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 448 13 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 448 14 Control Control NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 448 15 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 448 16 Non non JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 448 17 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 448 18 Communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 448 19 Diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 448 20 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 449 1 Geneva Geneva NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 449 2 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 450 1 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 450 2 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 450 3 Organization Organization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 450 4 Global Global NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 450 5 Comparative Comparative NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 450 6 Assessments Assessments NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 450 7 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 450 8 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 450 9 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 450 10 Sector Sector NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 450 11 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 451 1 Geneva Geneva NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 451 2 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 452 1 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 452 2 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 452 3 Organization Organization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 452 4 Life Life NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 452 5 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 452 6 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 452 7 21st 21st JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 452 8 Century century NN cord-027859-citynr6c 452 9 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 453 1 A a DT cord-027859-citynr6c 453 2 vision vision NN cord-027859-citynr6c 453 3 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 453 4 All all DT cord-027859-citynr6c 453 5 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 454 1 Geneva Geneva NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 454 2 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 455 1 World World NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 455 2 Health Health NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 455 3 Organization Organization NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 455 4 Life Life NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 455 5 Course Course NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 455 6 Perspectives Perspectives NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 455 7 on on IN cord-027859-citynr6c 455 8 Coronary Coronary NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 455 9 Heart Heart NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 455 10 Disease Disease NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 455 11 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 455 12 Stroke stroke NN cord-027859-citynr6c 455 13 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 455 14 Diabetes diabetes NN cord-027859-citynr6c 455 15 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 455 16 Key key JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 455 17 Issues Issues NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 455 18 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 455 19 Implications implication NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 455 20 for for IN cord-027859-citynr6c 455 21 Policy Policy NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 455 22 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 455 23 Research Research NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 455 24 Diet Diet NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 455 25 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 455 26 life life NN cord-027859-citynr6c 455 27 - - HYPH cord-027859-citynr6c 455 28 style style NN cord-027859-citynr6c 455 29 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 455 30 chronic chronic JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 455 31 non non JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 455 32 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 455 33 communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 455 34 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 456 1 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 456 2 what what WP cord-027859-citynr6c 456 3 determines determine VBZ cord-027859-citynr6c 456 4 the the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 456 5 epidemic epidemic NN cord-027859-citynr6c 456 6 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 456 7 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 456 8 societies society NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 456 9 ? ? . cord-027859-citynr6c 457 1 In in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 457 2 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 457 3 Krishnaswami Krishnaswami NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 457 4 K K NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 457 5 , , , cord-027859-citynr6c 457 6 ed ed NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 457 7 . . . cord-027859-citynr6c 458 1 Nutrition Nutrition NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 458 2 Research Research NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 458 3 : : : cord-027859-citynr6c 459 1 Current current JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 459 2 Scenario Scenario NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 459 3 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 459 4 Future Future NNP cord-027859-citynr6c 459 5 Trends Trends NNPS cord-027859-citynr6c 460 1 The the DT cord-027859-citynr6c 460 2 double double JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 460 3 burden burden NN cord-027859-citynr6c 460 4 of of IN cord-027859-citynr6c 460 5 communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 460 6 and and CC cord-027859-citynr6c 460 7 non non JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 460 8 - - JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 460 9 communicable communicable JJ cord-027859-citynr6c 460 10 diseases disease NNS cord-027859-citynr6c 460 11 in in IN cord-027859-citynr6c 460 12 developing develop VBG cord-027859-citynr6c 460 13 countries country NNS