Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 26 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4738 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 52 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 Google 5 COVID-19 4 Trends 3 covid-19 2 disease 2 Search 2 Facebook 1 viral 1 system 1 suicide 1 search 1 research 1 recreation 1 paper 1 online 1 mental 1 medium 1 market 1 lockdown 1 link 1 internet 1 image 1 health 1 environment 1 datum 1 big 1 Zika 1 Street 1 Spain 1 Slides 1 SARS 1 LSOA 1 India 1 HIV 1 GPHIN 1 GAEN 1 Flu 1 Fig 1 England 1 DEP 1 CMA 1 API 1 ANX Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 761 datum 666 search 508 disease 419 study 347 % 339 term 334 health 288 time 277 information 271 case 262 period 259 outbreak 247 activity 245 system 236 medium 227 level 227 analysis 209 pandemic 207 model 203 internet 202 change 195 lockdown 190 interest 189 suicide 189 market 188 behavior 181 population 176 number 164 trend 161 increase 158 user 158 surveillance 158 research 156 correlation 148 group 145 country 141 value 140 day 139 infection 137 source 135 data 134 region 132 virus 130 result 122 individual 118 query 117 use 117 people 114 report 112 price Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 930 Google 298 COVID-19 210 Trends 129 al 123 Fig 120 et 114 CMA 100 . 98 March 92 Search 89 Facebook 88 YouTube 78 United 69 States 69 ORVal 67 Health 61 Twitter 54 RSV 52 UK 52 India 50 GAEN 48 SARS 48 China 44 England 44 April 43 AI 40 Spain 39 US 39 January 39 Flu 38 February 37 Disease 35 GT 35 API 33 Social 33 May 33 June 29 USA 29 LIWC 29 Data 29 DEP 29 Coronavirus 28 Slides 28 ANX 27 Spearman 26 CI 26 - 25 U.S. 25 Table 25 Ebola Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 597 we 368 it 158 they 68 them 38 us 20 i 14 themselves 13 you 10 itself 8 one 4 me 3 's 2 she 1 theirs 1 ourselves 1 oneself 1 myself 1 himself 1 herself 1 he Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 3413 be 808 have 652 use 239 provide 217 include 210 show 198 base 177 relate 174 report 169 see 163 increase 162 do 135 find 109 compare 104 identify 104 create 102 select 101 make 94 follow 94 assess 84 allow 83 observe 83 indicate 82 add 81 seek 80 collect 77 give 77 develop 76 build 72 represent 72 estimate 71 perform 70 take 67 associate 66 consider 62 understand 60 require 57 suggest 57 lead 55 predict 55 need 53 remain 53 click 53 capture 52 obtain 51 receive 51 investigate 51 describe 51 apply 50 evaluate Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 394 not 264 online 248 more 245 also 241 such 227 other 208 high 178 public 176 - 163 covid-19 162 significant 160 social 150 first 137 new 131 however 126 mental 125 large 121 well 119 only 119 infectious 119 different 115 most 114 digital 106 relative 92 viral 88 non 85 low 80 then 80 instructional 80 e.g. 80 big 78 available 76 human 75 as 74 same 73 second 73 important 72 global 71 similar 71 early 69 further 66 many 64 less 64 general 62 key 62 daily 60 small 59 previous 59 positive 59 national Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 most 30 high 17 large 16 least 16 good 14 Most 7 low 7 big 5 great 4 strong 2 small 2 early 2 close 1 rate=100 1 clear Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 79 most 17 least 5 well 1 worst Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 www.google.org 2 www 2 trends.google.com 2 drive.google.com 2 creat 1 www.wordclouds.com 1 www.promedmail.org 1 www.mdpi.com 1 www.epa.gov 1 www.ecdc.europa.eu 1 realized.oxford-man.ox.ac.uk 1 orcid.org 1 news.google.com 1 healthmap.org 1 github.com 1 doi.org 1 docs.google.com 1 classroom.google.com Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://www 2 http://drive.google.com 2 http://creat 1 http://www.wordclouds.com 1 http://www.promedmail.org 1 http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/17/6359/s1 1 http://www.google.org/flutrends 1 http://www.google.org/denguetrends 1 http://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data/pm25-continuous-monitor-comparabilityassessments 1 http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publicationsdata/download-todays-data-geographic-distribution-covid-19-cases-worldwide 1 http://trends.google.com/trends/?geo=US 1 http://trends.google.com/ 1 http://realized.oxford-man.ox.ac.uk/data/download 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8271-3829 1 http://news.google.com 1 http://healthmap.org 1 http://github.com/GeorgeCherry/anosmia_search_interest_covid-19 1 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.22.20178640 1 http://docs.google.com/presentation 1 http://classroom.google.com/h Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 systems are capable 3 activities using google 3 data were not 3 google is able 3 health seeking behavior 3 health seeking behaviors 2 analysis did not 2 change using google 2 changes was neglectable 2 changes were dependent 2 changes were then 2 data are available 2 data has not 2 google has also 2 google has market 2 google is currently 2 information was also 2 information was automatically 2 internet has significantly 2 media are increasingly 2 media reporting guidelines 2 model was able 2 pandemic were indeed 2 period were more 2 searches are short 2 study followed up 2 system collects information 2 systems have broader 2 terms were not 1 % had significant 1 % increased risk 1 % is indeed 1 % provided information 1 % reported smell 1 activities are commonly 1 activities are valuable 1 activities include letter 1 activities was unrestricted 1 activity show signs 1 analyses have previously 1 analysis are complex 1 analysis found google 1 analysis indicates highest 1 analysis provided further 1 analysis provided observations 1 analysis using google 1 analysis was not 1 behavior using computers 1 behaviors are important 1 behaviors using dengue Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 covid-19 are not evenly 1 data were no less 1 data were not always 1 data were not available 1 google has no ability 1 information was not available 1 lockdown was not simply 1 model provides no utility 1 systems are not capable 1 terms was not stable 1 terms were not significantly 1 terms were not statistically A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-232959-jcnvnn2k author = Arnal, Raquel P''erez title = Private Sources of Mobility Data Under COVID-19 date = 2020-07-14 keywords = Facebook; Google; Spain summary = To partially overcome these issues, in this work we investigate the relation between the different private data sources, and how can they be used complementary to provide a better understanding of mobility. This includes a general study of mobility trends for all regions and data sources ( §4.1), a discussion on the anomalies observed ( §4.2), an analysis on the daily trends ( §4.3) and some insights on the new normality ( §4.4). The second one, movement between tiles, estimates mobility by computing how many different tiles are visited by the sample of people, compared with the same number during the same day of the week previous to the pandemics (February 2020) [12] . In this work we consider the use of private data sources (Google and Facebook) for assessing the levels of mobility in a country like Spain. Regarding private data sources, we have shown the differences between using an absolute measure (like Facebook) and a relative measure (like Google). doi = nan id = cord-193136-7g6qr73e author = Bhattacharya, Sujit title = Visible Insights of the Invisible Pandemic: A Scientometric, Altmetric and Topic Trend Analysis date = 2020-04-22 keywords = Google; SARS; paper; research summary = (2018) "Google Trends shows the changes in online interest for time series in any selected term in any country or region over a selected time period, for example, a specific year, several years, 3 weeks, 4 months, 30 days, 7 days, 4 hours, 1 hour, or a specified time-frame." They argue that as the internet penetration is increasing web based search activity has become a valid indicator of public behaviour. The paper positions itself in this direction; applying various tools and techniques of scientometrics, Altmetrics and Google Trends to draw meaning from the huge volume of research papers and online activity surrounding this pandemic. The trends observed in measures like lockdown, social distancing and quarantine at global and country level showed the societal increasing concern with these aspects.The findings of this study suggests how the research and public interest has been shaped around this disease. doi = nan id = cord-294955-bybdn9yb author = Brkic, Faris F. title = Peaks in online inquiries into pharyngitis-related symptoms correspond with annual incidence rates date = 2020-09-23 keywords = Google; search summary = OBJECTIVE: To assess whether web-based public inquiries into pharyngitis-related search terms follow annual incidence peaks of acute pharyngitis in various countries from both hemispheres. Considering that the vast majority of teenagers and adults use the World Wide Web to acquire health-related information, we hypothesized that peaks in web-based internet searches for pharyngitis-related symptoms might also follow the global incidence rates of this condition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess web-based public interest for acute pharyngitis and related-terms for seasonal variations globally. To assess and illustratively depict seasonal variations of global RSV for pharyngitis-related search terms, we included countries from both hemispheres. The current study revealed winter peaks in World Wide Web inquiries for pharyngitis-related terms in countries from both hemispheres. Therefore, it is crucial to provide reliable, easily accessible, and publicly available online information on diagnosis, treatment, and red-flag symptoms of usually self-limiting medical conditions such as acute pharyngitis. doi = 10.1007/s00405-020-06362-4 id = cord-351108-wfik975q author = Cherry, George title = Loss of smell and taste: a new marker of COVID-19? Tracking reduced sense of smell during the coronavirus pandemic using search trends date = 2020-07-16 keywords = Google; Trends; covid-19 summary = We used Google Trends to analyze regional searches relating to loss of smell and taste across Italy, Spain, France, Brazil, and the United States of America and determined the association with reported Covid-19 cases. We used Google Trends to analyze regional searches relating to loss of smell and taste across Italy, Spain, France, Brazil, and the United States of America (USA) and determined the association with reported Covid-19 cases using a self-developed software programme (Python). Summary of Spearman''s rank correlation test outcomes for search interest in terms relating to anosmia and ageusia and new daily Covid-19 cases per million (both data as 7-day moving-mean) the table shows counts of regions within each country and result group. We have demonstrated that there is clear association between Google Trends search terms relating to loss of smell and taste and Covid-19 cases both on a regional, national, and international basis. doi = 10.1080/14787210.2020.1792289 id = cord-298953-9aifql2f author = Day, Brett H. title = The Value of Greenspace Under Pandemic Lockdown date = 2020-08-04 keywords = England; Google; LSOA; lockdown; recreation summary = The second key resource used in this paper is the Outdoor Recreation Valuation (ORVal) model (Day and Smith 2017) , which we use not only to predict demand for visits to greenspace under the restrictive rules of the lockdown but also to estimate the changes in economic value experienced by residents of England as a consequence of those rules. In this paper, we assume that differences between the ORVal predictions of recreation behaviour under the lockdown rules and those observed in the Google mobility data are the net result of those, and possibly other, factors. 8 Given the nature of the MENE data, the ORVal model progresses from the assumption that each day represents a recreation choice occasion on which individuals can select from a choice set comprising (1) not taking an outdoor trip, and then (2) an option for traveling to each site by car and (3) an option for each site visited on foot. doi = 10.1007/s10640-020-00489-y id = cord-262310-z0m6uuzf author = Effenberger, Maria title = Association of the COVID-19 pandemic with Internet Search Volumes: A Google TrendsTM Analysis date = 2020-04-17 keywords = Google; Trends summary = Methods We performed a Google TrendsTM search for "Coronavirus" and compared Relative Search Volumes (RSV) indices to the number of reported COVID-19 cases by the European Center for Disease Control (ECDC) using time-lag correlation analysis. The worldwide Google TrendsTM index reached its peak on the 12th of March 2020 at a time when numbers of infected patients started to increase in Europe and COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. In European countries, especially in Italy, a small peak in the Google Trends TM analysis was found during the outbreak in China and a climax was found on February 23 rd 2020, a few days before the numbers of newly COVID-19 started to increase exponentially. The peak of search queries was March 3 rd a new increase in RSV is found in Brazil, followed by increasing numbers of newly confirmed cases of COVID-19 ( Figure 2 ). doi = 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.033 id = cord-018632-azrqz6hf author = Ganasegeran, Kurubaran title = Artificial Intelligence Applications in Tracking Health Behaviors During Disease Epidemics date = 2019-11-21 keywords = Google; Zika; health summary = Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers new hope in not only effectively pre-empting, preventing and combating the threats of infectious disease epidemics, but also facilitating the understanding of health-seeking behaviors and public emotions during epidemics. The human population is currently able to access potentially useful massive data sources of infectious disease spread through sentinel reporting systems, national surveillance systems (usually operated by national or regional disease centers such as the Center for Disease Control (CDC)), genome databases, internet search queries (also called infodemiology and infoveillance studies) [10] [11] [12] , Twitter data analysis [13, 14] , outbreak investigation reports, transportation dynamics [15] , vaccine reports [16] and human dynamics information [17] . With such high fluxes of health-seeking behavior using computers, a group of Italian researchers'' evaluated Google Trends search queries for terms related to "Ebola" outbreak at the global level and across countries where primary cases of Ebola were reported [26] . doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-35139-7_7 id = cord-351448-jowb5kfc author = Ganesh, Ragul title = The quality of online media reporting of celebrity suicide in India and its association with subsequent online suicide-related search behaviour among general population: An infodemiology study date = 2020-08-29 keywords = Google; India; medium; suicide summary = title: The quality of online media reporting of celebrity suicide in India and its association with subsequent online suicide-related search behaviour among general population: An infodemiology study The present study aimed to assess the quality of online media reporting of a recent celebrity suicide in India and its impact on the online suicide related search behaviour of the population. Thus, in the present study we monitored the changes in internet search volumes for keywords representing suicide-seeking and help-seeking behaviours using the Google Trends platform as a proxy marker to assess the impact of recent celebrity suicide in India. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the quality of online media reporting of a celebrity suicide in India, and evaluate its adherence with the WHO guidelines for responsible media reporting of suicide. Further, the use of a novel Google Trends analysis to show an increased online search interest for suicide-seeking keywords immediately after the reference celebrity suicide provided support for the existence of Werther effect in the Indian context. doi = 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102380 id = cord-339309-r70zd30q author = Havell, Richard title = Recent Developments at the CMA: 2019–2020 date = 2020-10-06 keywords = CMA; Facebook; Google summary = 20 We then discuss the CMA''s analysis of Google''s role in the open display market, where intermediaries provide various technologies that allow online publishers to sell advertising inventory and advertisers to buy it. They are able to exploit this market power by monetising the consumer attention and data through digital advertising for which they can charge high prices. By the end of the initial period of evidence gathering the CMA identified the potential foreclosure of competing BI tools with the use of Google''s web analytics and online advertising products as the main area for concern. Another important source of evidence-particularly when assessing Google''s market power-was the CMA''s Online Platforms and Digital Advertising market study that was discussed above. On the basis of this evidence the CMA concluded that Google would have the ability to use a range of non-price foreclosure mechanisms to hamper competing BI tools from accessing data from Google''s advertising and web analytics products, and from Google BigQuery. doi = 10.1007/s11151-020-09790-y id = cord-252218-jrgl0x06 author = Heerfordt, C. title = Has there been an increased interest in smoking cessation during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic? A Google Trends study date = 2020-04-20 keywords = Google summary = 8 We retrieved worldwide public query data for the following terms: ''quit smoking'', ''smoking cessation'', ''help quit smoking'' and ''nicotine gum'' between 9 January 2020 and 6 April 2020. The Google Trends data for Web search queries for the terms ''smoking cessation'' and ''nicotine gum'' from 9 January 2020 to 6 April 2020 are shown in Fig. 1 . Previous Google Trends studies have found increased numbers of seaches relating to smoking cessation in association with the launch of national smoking cessation programmes and changes in tobacco control policies. 10 We found no increase in the number of searches for smoking cessation on Google in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Smoking cessation campaigns are important as smokers are more vulnable to viral infections and lung diseases, and appear to have worse outcomes when hospitalised with COVID-19 than non-smokers. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study doi = 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.012 id = cord-021088-9u3kn9ge author = Huberty, Mark title = Awaiting the Second Big Data Revolution: From Digital Noise to Value Creation date = 2015-02-18 keywords = Flu; Google; big; datum; online summary = Instead, today''s successful big data business models largely use data to scale old modes of value creation, rather than invent new ones altogether. Four of these assumptions merit special attention: First, N = all, or the claim that our data allow a clear and unbiased study of humanity; second, that today = tomorrow, or the claim that understanding online behavior today implies that we will still understand it tomorrow; third, offline = online, the claim that understanding online behavior offers a window into economic and social phenomena in the physical world; and fourth, that complex patterns of social behavior, once understood, will remain stable enough to become the basis of new data-driven, predictive products and services in sectors well beyond social and media markets. The rate of change in online commerce, social media, search, and other services undermines any claim that we can actually know that our N = all sample that works today will work tomorrow. doi = 10.1007/s10842-014-0190-4 id = cord-330936-qf4q8yqq author = Kardeş, Sinan title = Public interest in rheumatic diseases and rheumatologist in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Google Trends date = 2020-10-18 keywords = COVID-19; Google summary = A wide range of search terms were determined to represent nearly all rheumatic diseases that patients might search on Google (i.e., Osteoarthritis, gout, pseudogout, calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD), fibromyalgia, axial spondyloarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, peripheral spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, septic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren''s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, relapsing polychondritis, familial Mediterranean fever, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS), Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with Periodic Fever Syndrome (HIDS), Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS), vasculitis, Takayasu arteritis, giant cell arteritis, temporal arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)associated vasculitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and Behçet''s syndrome). In the July 5-August 29, 2020 period, relative search volume of 7 of the 32 search terms (i.e., gout, fibromyalgia, peripheral spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, relapsing polychondritis, and Takayasu arteritis) statistically significantly decreased; however, 10 search terms (i.e., axial spondyloarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren''s syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, scleroderma, Kawasaki disease, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and rheumatologist) statistically significantly increased compared to prior 4 years (Table 1 ). doi = 10.1007/s00296-020-04728-9 id = cord-297835-ukrz8tlv author = Leith, Douglas J. title = Measurement-based evaluation of Google/Apple Exposure Notification API for proximity detection in a light-rail tram date = 2020-09-30 keywords = API; GAEN; Google summary = title: Measurement-based evaluation of Google/Apple Exposure Notification API for proximity detection in a light-rail tram Contact tracing apps based on the Google/Apple Exposure Notification (GAEN) API [4] are currently being rolled out across Europe, with apps already deployed in Italy, Switzerland and Germany. We observe that changing the people holding a pair of handsets, with the location of the handsets otherwise remaining unchanged, can cause variations of ±10dB in the attenuation level reported by the GAEN API. To provide baseline data on the radio propagation environment we also used the standard Android Bluetooth LE scanner API to collect measurements of RSSI as the distance was varied between two Google Pixel 2 handsets placed at a height of approximately 0.5m (about the same height as the tram seating) in the centre aisle of the tram carriage. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0239943 id = cord-265178-q7x7ec24 author = Lyócsa, Štefan title = Fear of the coronavirus and the stock markets date = 2020-08-26 keywords = COVID-19; Google; market summary = We show that during this period, fear of the coronavirus – manifested as excess search volume – represents a timely and valuable data source for forecasting stock price variation around the world. The idea of using sentiment or fear to explain stock market volatility is certainly not new; several recent studies have used news, VIX, Twitter posts and other proxies to measure investors'' sentiment and fear about the future (e.g., Whaley, 2000; Zhang et al., 2011; Huerta et al., 2011; Smales, 2014 Smales, , 2017 . However, our study is the first to address the predictive power of Google searches on stock market volatility during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that high Google search volumes 35 for COVID-19 predict high stock market volatility in all markets in our sample. The ASV A t is positive for all markets and significant for all markets except South Korea, thus suggesting that when search activity related to corona information increased, price variation in stock markets increased the following day. doi = 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101735 id = cord-018688-gvk9uazp author = Magid, Avi title = The Role of Informal Digital Surveillance Systems Before, During and After Infectious Disease Outbreaks: A Critical Analysis date = 2018-03-23 keywords = GPHIN; Google; system summary = We examined the source of information, the manner in which they process and disseminate the information, their role in each phase of disease outbreaks, and whether and to what extent these systems are capable of early detection and management of infectious disease epidemics. Conclusions Currently, there is little prospective evidence that existing informal systems are capable of real-time early detection of disease outbreaks. The systems evaluated were ProMED-mail, Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN), HealthMap, MediSys, EpiSPIDER, BioCaster, H5N1 Google Earth mashup, Avian Influenza Daily Digest and Blog, Google flu trends and Argus. The aim is to enhance the surveillance of infectious disease outbreaks.EpiSPIDER uses ProMED-mail reports as an input, as well as health news sources that provide RSS feeds. Another retrospective study tested the real-time detection ability of six informal digital systems, including Argus, BioCaster, GPHIN, HealthMap, MedISys and ProMED-mail. doi = 10.1007/978-94-024-1263-5_14 id = cord-334751-7mdafd2y author = Mattson, Stephanie L. title = Creating and Sharing Digital ABA Instructional Activities: A Practical Tutorial date = 2020-07-23 keywords = Fig; Google; Slides; link summary = We have found that Google applications, such as Google Slides (Google LLC, 2006) and Google Forms (Google LLC, 2008) , can be particularly useful for creating digital versions of these types of instructional programs with which learners can interact, either independently or with the support of a caregiver, given their universal availability and functionality across multiple devices and operating systems. Using the Google Slides application, BCBAs can make interactive programs that learners can complete independently by incorporating praise, prompting, and error correction into the digital instructional content that are delivered automatically as the learner interacts with the activity. We will discuss and provide task analyses for the following: (a) utilizing basic functions within Google Slides (e.g., adding shapes, inserting images, linking stimuli, and protecting slides) to create interactive instructional materials, (b) developing independent instructional activities that learners can complete with minimal caregiver support, (c) developing caregiversupported instructional activities where the caregiver provides instruction using digital learning materials, and (d) organizing materials and sharing activities with clients and caregivers using Google Classroom. doi = 10.1007/s40617-020-00440-z id = cord-256094-f85xc5uu author = Milinovich, Gabriel J title = Using internet search queries for infectious disease surveillance: screening diseases for suitability date = 2014-12-31 keywords = Google; Trends; disease summary = This study aims to systematically investigate the potential for developing surveillance and early warning systems using internet search data, for a wide range of infectious diseases. This study, however, did not aim to develop actionable surveillance systems, produce predictive models of infectious disease based on internet-based data or to identify the best search terms for use in these models. Briefly, the time series analysed were monthly case numbers for the 64 infectious diseases monitored by the Australian Government''s National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS) and Google Trends monthly search metrics for related internet search terms. To our knowledge, assessments of the use of internet-based surveillance have only been performed for five of the 17 diseases that were demonstrated to have a significant association with internet search terms (influenza [4] , dengue [9, 27] , chickenpox [11, 12] , hepatitis B [14] and cryptosporidiosis [13] the authors of the final study were, however, not able to detect signals from internet search queries). doi = 10.1186/s12879-014-0690-1 id = cord-348269-6z0kiapa author = Nguyen, Quynh C. title = Using 164 Million Google Street View Images to Derive Built Environment Predictors of COVID-19 Cases date = 2020-09-01 keywords = Google; Street; covid-19; environment; image summary = We leveraged Google Street View (GSV) images and computer vision to detect built environment features (presence of a crosswalk, non-single family home, single-lane roads, dilapidated building and visible wires). In examining associations between built environment characteristics and COVID cases, we controlled for demographic compositional characteristics of areas and population density, which has previously been utilized in econometric studies as a proxy for air pollution and other factors found with greater prevalence in urban areas [15, 16] . Additionally, previous studies found that physical disorder in the neighborhood environments is significantly associated with higher prevalence of chronic diseases [19] and poor self-rated health [20] , which also increases the chances of contracting COVID-19 [21, 22] . From GSV images, we created indicators of urban development (non-single family home, single lane roads), walkability (crosswalks, sidewalks), and physical disorder (dilapidated building, visible utility wires). doi = 10.3390/ijerph17176359 id = cord-339642-3trpona9 author = Obeidat, Rand title = Can Users Search Trends Predict People Scares or Disease Breakout? An Examination of Infectious Skin Diseases in the United States date = 2020-06-08 keywords = Google; Trends summary = To apply this model, the authors correlated Google Trends of popular search terms with monthly reported Rubella and Measles cases from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recognizing the need for up-to-date data to inform researchers, policymakers, public stakeholders, and health care providers if search queries can be used to reliably predict skin disease breakouts, we correlated Google Trends popular search terms with monthly reported Rubella and Measles cases from 2004 to 2018. So, this study provides analysis and evaluation for the association between monthly reported Rubella and Measles cases and Google Trends popular search terms that can be used to predict a future outbreak of infectious skin disease case. None of the previous studies correlated Google Trends popular search terms with certain infectious skin diseases including Rubella and Measles reported from CDC. Correlations (Pearson and Spearman) were used between Google Trends of popular search terms and monthly reported Rubella and Measles cases from CDC. doi = 10.1177/1178633720928356 id = cord-289647-14ba5sro author = Panuganti, Bharat A. title = Predicting COVID-19 Incidence Using Anosmia and Other COVID-19 Symptomatology: Preliminary Analysis Using Google and Twitter date = 2020-06-02 keywords = Google; covid-19 summary = OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative correlations of Twitter and Google Search user trends concerning smell loss with daily coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in the United States, compared to other severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) symptoms. 5 As such, although significant correlations between Google searches pertaining to anosmia and COVID-19 incidence have already been reported, our intention in the present study is to better understand the relative value of alternative infodemiological parameters (nonsmell symptoms, COVID-19 searches and tweets) and platforms (Twitter) in estimating COVID-19 infection trajectory in the United States. Table SA in the online version of the article); data pertaining to March 22, 2020, and the 2 following days were excluded in 1 iteration of the analysis to help evaluate quantitatively the effect of discrete, lay media transmissions on Twitter and Google search trend correlations with COVID-19 incidence. doi = 10.1177/0194599820932128 id = cord-302758-i5pe61h1 author = Pier, Matthew M. title = Otolaryngology-related Google Search trends during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-19 keywords = COVID-19; Google summary = OBJECTIVE: To assess trends of Google Search queries for symptoms and complaints encountered commonly in otolaryngology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic when in-person care has been limited. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that Google search activity for many otolaryngology-related terms during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased or decreased significantly as compared to previous years. This study aims to assess trends within the U.S. for Google Search queries of symptoms and complaints encountered commonly in otolaryngology practices comparing the time of COVID-19 pandemic with similar time periods in previous years. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the ability of otolaryngologists to provide care to many patients in the U.S. This study demonstrates that Google search activity for many otolaryngology-related terms during this period has increased or decreased significantly as compared to previous years. doi = 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102615 id = cord-305195-e41yfo89 author = Rainwater-Lovett, Kaitlin title = Viral Epidemiology: Tracking Viruses with Smartphones and Social Media date = 2016-02-12 keywords = Google; HIV; disease; internet; viral summary = The discovery of viruses as "filterable agents" in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries greatly enhanced the study of viral epidemiology, allowing the characterization of infected individuals, risk factors for infection and disease, and transmission pathways. Traditional epidemiological methods measure the distribution of viral infections, diseases, and associated risk factors in populations in terms of person, place, and time using standard measures of disease frequency, study designs, and approaches to causal inference. Much can be learned about the epidemiology of viral infections using such traditional methods and many examples could be cited to establish the importance of these approaches, including demonstration of the mode of transmission of viruses by mosquitoes (e.g., yellow fever and West Nile viruses), the causal relationship between maternal viral infection and fetal abnormalities (e.g., rubella virus and cytomegalovirus), and the role of viruses in the etiology of cancer (e.g., Epstein-Barr and human papilloma viruses). The concepts and methods of infectious disease epidemiology provide the tools to understand changes in temporal and spatial patterns of viral infections and the impact of interventions. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-800964-2.00018-5 id = cord-304183-zv3s7cjq author = Thirunavukarasu, Arun James title = Evaluating the mainstream impact of ophthalmological research with Google Trends date = 2020-11-01 keywords = Google summary = title: Evaluating the mainstream impact of ophthalmological research with Google Trends A scatter plot relating the two variables ( Fig. 2 ) indicated weak positive correlation overall, with most points lying outside the 95% confidence intervals of the best-fit trend-line. The overall correlation between Google interest and PubMed publications indicates concordance between the interests of the scientific community and general public. However, lack of correlation within conditions suggests that ophthalmological research has little direct effect on laypeople''s interests, which may instead be closer related to the prevalence of the respective conditions. Similar ophthalmological event analyses have previously been conducted, evaluating the effect of public health campaigns [3] , conjunctivitis epidemics [4] and Bono developing glaucoma [5] . Exploring the impact of public health campaigns for glaucoma and macular degeneration utilising Google Trends data in a New Zealand setting doi = 10.1038/s41433-020-01257-4 id = cord-296821-qdhj9zj6 author = Uvais, Nalakath A. title = Interests in quitting smoking and alcohol during COVID‐19 pandemic in India: A Google Trends study date = 2020-07-19 keywords = Google summary = This study aims to investigate the interest in quitting smoking and alcohol during the lockdown period in India since March 25 to know the effectiveness of public awareness measures conducted regarding the negative aspects of smoking and alcohol during COVID-19 pandemic. Our study results showed no consistent increase in the number of searches for quitting smoking or quitting alcohol on Google during the study period (February to May). A recent study analysing the Google trend regarding smoking cessation searches worldwide during the early months of the COVID-19 outbreak (9 January 2020 and 6 April 2020) also failed to show a tendency for increased interest in any of the key terms related to smoking cessation (''quit smoking'', ''smoking cessation'', ''help quit smoking'' and ''nicotine gum'') [8] . Our study results may indicate that there has been no significant increased interest in quitting smoking and alcohol, at least among the Indian population who use online resources for health-related information. doi = 10.1111/pcn.13118 id = cord-310769-y6orh217 author = Zaman, A. title = The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study date = 2020-08-25 keywords = ANX; COVID-19; DEP; Google; Search summary = title: The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study Objective: The goal of this study is to examine, among college students in the United States, the relationship between deteriorating mental health conditions and changes in user behaviors when engaging with Google Search and YouTube during COVID-19. Conclusions: The results suggested strong discrepancies between college student groups with and without deteriorating mental health conditions in terms of behavioral changes in Google Search and YouTube usages during the COVID-19. In this study, we collected longitudinal individual-level Google Search and YouTube data from college students, and we measured their anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) levels before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. First, while most of the online behavioral features we developed showed significant differences between groups of students with and without deteriorating anxiety and depressive disorders during COVID-19, our study cohort only represented a small portion of the whole population suffering from mental health difficulties. doi = 10.1101/2020.08.22.20178640 id = cord-120442-qfgoue67 author = Zaman, Anis title = The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study date = 2020-09-05 keywords = COVID-19; Google; Search; mental summary = title: The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study The goal of this study is to examine, among college students, the relationship between deteriorating mental health conditions and changes in user behaviors when engaging with Google Search and YouTube during COVID-19. In this study, we collected longitudinal individual-level Google Search and YouTube data from college students, and we measured their anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) levels before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. First, while most of the online behavioral features we developed showed significant differences between groups of students with and without deteriorating anxiety and depressive disorders during COVID-19, our study cohort only represented a small portion of the whole population suffering from mental health difficulties. doi = nan