id sid tid token lemma pos cord-314642-oobbdgzh 1 1 key key JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 1 2 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 1 3 cord-314642-oobbdgzh cord-314642-oobbdgzh NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 1 authors author NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 2 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 3 Campbell Campbell NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 4 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 5 Allan Allan NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 6 title title NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 7 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 8 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 9 future future NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 10 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 11 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 12 biology biology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 13 date date NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 14 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 15 2003 2003 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 16 journal journal NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 17 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 18 Nat Nat NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 19 Rev Rev NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 20 Genet Genet NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 21 DOI DOI NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 22 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 23 10.1038 10.1038 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 24 / / SYM cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 25 nrg1089 nrg1089 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 26 sha sha NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 27 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 28 62098642a6671abf3d189785688b7a282c4f74f1 62098642a6671abf3d189785688b7a282c4f74f1 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 29 doc_id doc_id CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 30 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 31 314642 314642 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 32 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 33 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 34 oobbdgzh oobbdgzh VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 35 After after IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 36 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 37 illustrious illustrious JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 38 history history NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 39 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 40 one one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 41 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 42 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 43 primary primary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 44 tools tool NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 45 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 46 established establish VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 47 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 48 foundations foundation NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 49 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 50 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 51 biology biology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 52 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 53 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 54 research research NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 55 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 56 now now RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 57 undergoing undergo VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 58 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 59 renaissance renaissance NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 60 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 61 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 62 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 63 primary primary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 64 focus focus NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 65 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 66 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 67 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 68 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 69 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 70 rather rather RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 71 than than IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 72 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 73 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 74 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 75 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 76 they -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 77 explain explain VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 2 78 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 1 Studies study NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 2 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 3 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 4 evolution evolution NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 5 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 6 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 7 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 9 role role NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 10 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 11 natural natural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 12 ecosystems ecosystem NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 13 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 14 flourishing flourish VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 3 15 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 1 Practical practical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 2 questions question NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 3 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 4 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 5 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 6 how how WRB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 7 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 8 use use VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 9 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 10 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 11 combat combat VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 12 human human JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 13 diseases disease NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 14 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 15 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 16 caused cause VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 17 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 18 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 19 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 20 how how WRB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 21 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 22 eradicate eradicate VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 23 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 24 pests pest NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 25 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 26 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 27 food food NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 28 industry industry NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 29 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 30 what what WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 31 role role NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 32 they -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 33 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 34 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 35 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 36 causation causation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 37 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 38 human human JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 39 diseases disease NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 40 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 41 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 42 receiving receive VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 43 increased increase VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 44 attention attention NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 4 45 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 1 Phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 2 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 3 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 4 useful useful JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 5 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 6 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 7 deeper deep JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 8 exploration exploration NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 9 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 10 basic basic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 11 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 12 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 13 biophysical biophysical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 14 questions question NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 5 15 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 6 1 Bacteriophages bacteriophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 6 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 6 3 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 6 4 known know VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 6 5 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 6 6 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 6 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 6 8 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 6 9 viruses virus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 6 10 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 6 11 infect infect VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 6 12 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 6 13 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 1 As as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 2 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 3 all all DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 4 viruses virus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 5 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 6 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 7 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 8 infectious infectious JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 9 particles particle NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 10 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 11 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 12 at at RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 13 least least RBS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 14 two two CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 15 components component NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 16 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 17 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 18 acid acid NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 19 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 20 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 7 21 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 1 If if IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 2 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 3 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 4 invades invade VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 5 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 6 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 7 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 8 cell cell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 9 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 10 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 11 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 13 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 14 at at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 15 least least JJS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 17 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 18 acid acid NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 20 enters enter VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 21 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 22 cell cell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 23 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 24 triggers trigger VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 25 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 26 cycle cycle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 27 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 28 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 29 production production NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 31 FIG fig NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 32 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 33 1 1 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 8 35 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 1 During during IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 2 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 3 cycle cycle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 4 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 6 cell cell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 7 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 8 reprogrammed reprogramme VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 9 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 10 become become VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 11 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 12 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 13 factory factory NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 14 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 15 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 16 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 17 components component NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 18 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 19 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 20 biosynthetic biosynthetic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 21 apparatus apparatus NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 23 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 24 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 25 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 26 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 27 ATP ATP NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 28 generators generator NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 30 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 31 diverted divert VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 32 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 33 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 34 normal normal JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 35 tasks task NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 36 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 37 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 38 growth growth NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 9 39 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 2 various various JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 3 pathways pathway NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 4 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 5 reprogramming reprogramming NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 6 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 7 initiated initiate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 8 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 9 phagespecified phagespecified JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 10 proteins protein NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 11 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 12 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 13 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 14 translated translate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 15 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 16 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 17 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 18 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 19 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 20 made make VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 21 after after IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 22 infection infection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 10 23 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 11 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 11 2 temporal temporal JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 11 3 programme programme NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 11 4 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 11 5 ordered order VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 11 6 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 11 7 regulated regulate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 11 8 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 1 Generally generally RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 3 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 4 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 5 acid acid NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 6 replication replication NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 7 occurs occur VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 8 first first RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 9 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 10 followed follow VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 11 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 12 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 13 synthesis synthesis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 14 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 15 structural structural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 16 proteins protein NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 17 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 18 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 19 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 20 particle particle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 12 21 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 1 New new JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 2 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 3 particles particle NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 4 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 5 then then RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 6 assembled assemble VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 7 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 8 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 9 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 10 later later RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 11 released release VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 12 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 13 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 14 cell cell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 13 15 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 1 For for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 2 most most JJS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 4 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 5 classically classically RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 6 studied study VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 7 COLIPHAGES COLIPHAGES NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 8 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 9 release release NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 10 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 11 effected effect VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 12 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 13 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 14 disruption disruption NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 15 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 16 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 17 cell cell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 18 envelope envelope NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 19 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 20 sudden sudden JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 21 lysis lysis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 22 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 23 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 24 cell cell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 25 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 26 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 27 contents content NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 28 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 29 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 31 including include VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 32 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 33 new new JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 34 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 35 particles particle NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 37 spill spill VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 38 out out RP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 39 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 40 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 41 medium medium NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 14 42 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 2 whole whole JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 3 cycle cycle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 4 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 5 last last VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 6 ~40 ~40 DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 7 minutes minute NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 8 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 9 produce produce VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 10 ~100 ~100 NFP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 11 new new JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 12 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 14 FIG FIG NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 15 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 16 1 1 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 15 18 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 1 This this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 2 type type NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 4 lytic lytic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 5 cycle cycle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 6 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 8 only only JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 9 mode mode NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 10 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 11 reproduction reproduction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 12 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 13 many many JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 14 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 16 15 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 1 Other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 2 One one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 3 reason reason NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 4 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 5 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 6 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 7 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 8 useful useful JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 9 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 10 research research NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 11 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 12 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 13 ease ease NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 14 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 15 synchronizing synchronize VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 16 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 17 lytic lytic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 18 cycle cycle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 19 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 20 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 21 population population NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 22 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 23 cells cell NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 24 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 25 so so IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 26 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 27 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 28 progression progression NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 29 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 30 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 31 events event NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 32 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 33 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 34 measured measure VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 35 over over IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 36 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 37 whole whole JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 38 culture culture NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 17 39 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 1 Synchronization synchronization NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 2 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 3 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 4 achieved achieve VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 5 either either CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 6 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 7 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 8 infection infection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 9 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 10 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 11 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 12 induction induction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 13 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 14 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 15 development development NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 16 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 17 lysogenic lysogenic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 18 cells cell NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 18 19 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 1 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 2 second second JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 3 reason reason NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 4 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 6 ease ease NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 7 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 8 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 9 mutations mutation NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 10 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 11 affect affect VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 12 specific specific JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 13 stages stage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 14 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 15 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 16 cycle cycle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 17 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 18 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 19 isolated isolate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 20 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 21 analysed analyse VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 19 22 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 1 Phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 2 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 3 as as RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 4 varied varied JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 5 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 6 size size NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 7 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 8 form form NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 9 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 10 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 11 viruses virus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 12 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 13 infect infect VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 14 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 20 15 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 1 Several several JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 2 formal formal JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 3 classification classification NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 4 schemes scheme NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 5 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 6 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 7 proposed propose VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 8 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 9 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 10 none none NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 11 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 12 widely widely RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 13 useful useful JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 14 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 15 known know VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 16 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 17 reflect reflect VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 18 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 21 19 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 1 TABLE table NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 2 1 1 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 3 summarizes summarize VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 4 basic basic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 5 information information NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 6 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 7 common common JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 8 model model NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 9 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 10 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 11 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 12 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 13 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 14 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 15 diversity diversity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 16 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 17 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 18 morphology morphology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 19 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 20 lifestyle lifestyle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 22 21 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 23 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 23 2 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 23 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 23 4 viruses virus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 23 5 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 23 6 eluded elude VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 23 7 generations generation NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 23 8 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 23 9 virologists virologist NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 23 10 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 24 1 Modern modern JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 24 2 methods method NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 24 3 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 24 4 redefined redefine VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 24 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 24 6 questions question NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 24 7 rather rather RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 24 8 than than IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 24 9 achieved achieve VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 24 10 definitive definitive JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 24 11 answers answer NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 24 12 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 1 In in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 2 closely closely RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 3 related related JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 4 groups group NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 5 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 6 isolates isolate NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 7 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 8 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 9 arranged arrange VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 10 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 11 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 12 degree degree NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 13 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 14 similarity similarity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 15 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 16 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 17 whether whether IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 18 all all DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 19 viruses virus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 21 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 22 even even RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 23 all all DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 24 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 26 constitute constitute VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 27 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 28 MONOPHYLETIC MONOPHYLETIC NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 29 GROUP group NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 30 remains remain VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 31 uncertain uncertain JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 25 32 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 2 development development NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 4 ideas idea NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 5 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 6 starting start VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 7 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 8 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 9 pre pre JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 10 - - JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 11 genome genome JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 12 era era NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 13 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 14 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 15 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 16 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 17 work work NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 18 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 19 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 20 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 22 relatives relative NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 26 23 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 1 In in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 2 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 3 1950s 1950 NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 4 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 5 numerous numerous JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 6 temperate temperate JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 7 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 9 LAMBDOIDS LAMBDOIDS NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 11 were be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 12 discovered discover VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 13 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 14 resembled resemble VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 15 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 16 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 17 - - : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 18 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 19 morphologically morphologically RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 20 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 21 could could MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 22 recombine recombine VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 23 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 27 25 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 1 Electron electron NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 2 microscopy microscopy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 4 HETERODUPLEXES HETERODUPLEXES NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 5 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 6 coupled couple VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 7 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 8 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 9 results result NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 10 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 11 genetic genetic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 12 crosses crosse NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 13 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 14 verified verify VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 15 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 16 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 17 lambdoid lambdoid NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 18 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 19 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 20 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 21 common common JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 22 genetic genetic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 23 map map NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 24 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 25 show show VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 26 diverse diverse JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 27 After after IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 28 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 29 illustrious illustrious JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 30 history history NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 31 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 32 one one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 33 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 34 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 35 primary primary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 36 tools tool NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 37 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 38 established establish VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 39 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 40 foundations foundation NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 41 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 42 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 43 biology biology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 44 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 45 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 46 research research NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 47 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 48 now now RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 49 undergoing undergo VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 50 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 51 renaissance renaissance NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 52 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 53 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 54 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 55 primary primary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 56 focus focus NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 57 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 58 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 59 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 60 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 61 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 62 rather rather RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 63 than than IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 64 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 65 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 66 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 67 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 68 they -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 69 explain explain VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 28 70 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 1 Studies study NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 2 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 3 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 4 evolution evolution NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 5 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 6 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 7 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 9 role role NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 10 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 11 natural natural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 12 ecosystems ecosystem NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 13 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 14 flourishing flourish VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 29 15 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 1 Practical practical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 2 questions question NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 3 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 4 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 5 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 6 how how WRB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 7 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 8 use use VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 9 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 10 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 11 combat combat VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 12 human human JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 13 diseases disease NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 14 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 15 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 16 caused cause VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 17 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 18 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 19 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 20 how how WRB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 21 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 22 eradicate eradicate VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 23 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 24 pests pest NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 25 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 26 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 27 food food NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 28 industry industry NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 29 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 30 what what WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 31 role role NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 32 they -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 33 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 34 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 35 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 36 causation causation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 37 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 38 human human JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 39 diseases disease NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 40 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 41 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 42 receiving receive VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 43 increased increase VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 44 attention attention NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 30 45 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 1 Phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 2 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 3 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 4 useful useful JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 5 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 6 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 7 deeper deep JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 8 exploration exploration NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 9 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 10 basic basic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 11 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 12 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 13 biophysical biophysical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 14 questions question NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 31 15 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 1 Approximately approximately RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 2 25 25 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 3 years year NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 4 after after IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 6 discovery discovery NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 7 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 8 1915 1915 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 10 REF ref NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 11 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 12 1 1 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 14 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 15 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 16 use use NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 17 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 18 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 19 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 20 answer answer VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 21 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 22 questions question NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 23 about about IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 24 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 25 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 26 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 27 inheritance inheritance NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 28 began begin VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 29 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 30 taking take VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 31 advantage advantage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 32 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 33 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 34 ease ease NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 35 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 36 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 37 they -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 38 could could MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 39 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 40 manipulated manipulate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 41 2 2 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 32 42 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 1 Between between IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 2 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 3 years year NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 4 1940 1940 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 5 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 6 1970 1970 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 7 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 8 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 9 experiments experiment NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 10 laid lay VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 11 much much JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 12 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 13 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 14 groundwork groundwork NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 15 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 16 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 17 science science NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 18 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 19 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 20 biology biology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 33 21 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 1 That that DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 2 science science NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 3 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 4 once once RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 5 dubbed dub VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 6 ' ' `` cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 7 modern modern JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 8 ' ' '' cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 9 as as RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 10 distinct distinct JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 11 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 12 ' ' `` cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 13 classical classical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 14 ' ' '' cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 15 biology biology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 16 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 17 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 18 long long RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 19 since since RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 20 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 21 assimilated assimilate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 22 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 23 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 24 textbooks textbook NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 34 25 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 1 However however RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 3 recent recent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 4 research research NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 5 indicates indicate VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 6 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 8 historical historical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 9 contributions contribution NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 10 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 11 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 12 studies study NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 13 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 14 made make VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 15 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 16 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 17 biology biology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 18 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 19 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 20 overshadowed overshadow VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 21 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 23 future future JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 24 influence influence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 25 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 26 biology biology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 27 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 28 general general JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 29 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 30 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 31 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 32 genetics genetic NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 33 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 34 particular particular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 35 35 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 36 1 Phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 36 2 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 36 3 important important JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 36 4 roles role NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 36 5 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 36 6 global global JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 36 7 ecology ecology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 36 8 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 36 9 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 36 10 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 36 11 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 1 These these DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 2 emerging emerge VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 3 roles role NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 4 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 5 together together RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 6 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 8 increasing increase VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 9 number number NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 10 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 11 recent recent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 12 publications publication NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 13 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 14 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 15 genomics genomic NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 16 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 17 highlight highlight VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 18 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 19 need need NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 20 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 21 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 22 natural natural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 23 selection selection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 24 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 25 preserved preserve VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 26 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 27 benign benign JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 28 combinations combination NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 37 29 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 1 This this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 2 raises raise VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 3 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 4 question question NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 5 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 6 how how WRB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 8 parental parental JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 9 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 10 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 11 give give VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 12 rise rise NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 13 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 14 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 15 new new JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 16 junction junction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 17 came come VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 18 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 19 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 20 so so RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 21 different different JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 22 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 23 one one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 24 another another DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 38 25 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 1 However however RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 3 before before IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 4 addressing address VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 5 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 6 issue issue NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 7 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 9 leave leave VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 10 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 11 myopic myopic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 12 consideration consideration NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 13 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 14 lambdoid lambdoid NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 15 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 16 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 17 look look VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 18 at at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 19 what what WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 20 genome genome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 21 analysis analysis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 22 implies imply VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 23 about about IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 24 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 25 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 26 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 27 essentially essentially RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 28 unrelated unrelated JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 29 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 30 even even RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 31 those those DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 32 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 33 come come VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 34 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 35 highly highly RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 36 diverse diverse JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 37 hosts host NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 39 38 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 40 1 On on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 40 2 that that DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 40 3 level level NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 40 4 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 40 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 40 6 message message NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 40 7 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 40 8 clear clear JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 40 9 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 1 Natural natural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 2 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 3 genomes genome NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 4 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 5 frequently frequently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 6 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 7 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 8 origin origin NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 9 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 10 contain contain VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 11 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 12 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 13 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 14 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 15 transferred transfer VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 16 over over IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 17 great great JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 18 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 19 distances distance NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 20 5 5 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 41 21 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 1 As as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 2 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 3 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 4 genesis genesis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 5 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 6 new new JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 7 junctions junction NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 8 among among IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 9 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 10 lambdoid lambdoid NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 11 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 12 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 13 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 14 potential potential JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 15 number number NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 16 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 17 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 18 transfers transfer NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 19 must must MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 20 greatly greatly RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 21 exceed exceed VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 22 what what WP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 23 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 24 passed pass VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 25 through through IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 26 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 27 sieve sieve NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 28 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 29 natural natural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 30 selection selection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 42 31 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 43 1 Among among IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 43 2 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 43 3 more more RBR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 43 4 marked marked JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 43 5 examples example NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 43 6 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 43 7 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 43 8 chimerism chimerism NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 43 9 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 43 10 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 43 11 N15 N15 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 43 12 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 1 Whereas whereas IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 2 most most JJS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 4 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 5 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 6 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 7 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 8 related relate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 9 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 10 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 11 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 12 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 13 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 14 same same JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 15 order order NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 16 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 17 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 18 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 19 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 20 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 21 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 22 lambdoid lambdoid NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 23 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 24 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 26 prophage prophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 27 form form NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 28 persists persist VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 29 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 30 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 31 linear linear JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 32 plasmid plasmid NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 33 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 34 includes include VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 35 sequences sequence NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 36 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 37 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 38 related relate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 39 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 40 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 41 F F NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 42 plasmid plasmid NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 43 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 44 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 45 coli coli NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 46 as as RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 47 well well RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 48 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 49 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 50 coliphages coliphage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 51 P1 P1 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 52 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 53 P4 P4 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 55 REF ref NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 56 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 57 6 6 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 44 59 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 1 This this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 2 widespread widespread JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 3 chimerism chimerism NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 4 forces force VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 5 us -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 6 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 7 believe believe VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 8 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 9 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 10 genomes genome NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 11 collectively collectively RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 12 constitute constitute VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 13 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 14 pool pool NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 15 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 16 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 17 subject subject JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 18 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 19 continual continual JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 20 mixing mixing NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 45 21 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 1 This this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 2 pool pool NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 3 includes include VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 4 groups group NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 5 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 6 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 7 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 8 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 9 lambdoid lambdoid NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 10 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 11 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 12 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 13 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 14 mixing mixing NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 15 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 16 even even RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 17 more more RBR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 18 frequent frequent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 46 19 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 1 However however RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 3 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 4 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 5 blocks block NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 6 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 7 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 8 found find VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 9 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 10 lambdoid lambdoid NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 11 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 12 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 13 have have VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 14 resided reside VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 15 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 16 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 17 much much JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 18 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 20 history history NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 21 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 22 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 23 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 24 diverged diverge VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 25 over over IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 26 long long JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 27 periods period NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 28 during during IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 29 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 30 they -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 31 were be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 32 not not RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 33 subject subject JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 34 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 35 frequent frequent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 36 recombination recombination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 37 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 38 other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 39 lambdoid lambdoid NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 40 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 47 41 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 2 should should MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 3 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 4 noted note VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 5 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 6 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 7 clock clock NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 8 estimates estimate NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 9 indicate indicate VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 10 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 11 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 12 allelic allelic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 13 variants variant NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 14 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 15 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 16 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 17 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 18 diverged diverge VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 19 long long RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 20 before before IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 21 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 22 existence existence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 23 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 24 E. E. NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 25 coli coli NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 26 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 27 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 28 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 29 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 30 host host NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 31 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 32 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 33 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 34 perhaps perhaps RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 35 even even RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 36 as as RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 37 long long RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 38 ago ago RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 39 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 40 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 41 branching branching NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 42 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 43 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 44 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 45 archaea archaea NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 46 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 47 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 48 4,7 4,7 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 48 49 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 1 There there EX cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 2 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 3 many many JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 4 reasons reason NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 5 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 6 question question VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 8 accuracy accuracy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 9 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 10 dating date VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 11 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 12 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 13 clocks clock NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 14 8 8 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 49 15 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 1 However however RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 3 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 4 antiquity antiquity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 5 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 6 viral viral JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 7 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 8 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 9 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 10 indicated indicate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 11 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 12 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 13 independent independent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 14 line line NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 15 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 16 evidence evidence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 17 9 9 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 50 18 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 1 There there EX cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 2 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 3 marked mark VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 4 examples example NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 6 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 7 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 8 adenoviruses adenovirus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 9 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 10 reoviruses reovirus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 12 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 13 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 14 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 15 morphology morphology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 16 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 17 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 18 viral viral JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 19 capsid capsid NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 20 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 21 similar similar JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 22 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 23 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 24 group group NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 25 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 26 includes include VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 27 animal animal NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 28 viruses virus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 29 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 30 plant plant NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 31 viruses virus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 32 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 33 bacteriophages bacteriophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 51 34 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 1 These these DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 2 similarities similarity NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 3 extend extend VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 4 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 6 shapes shape NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 7 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 8 individual individual JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 9 proteins protein NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 10 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 11 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 12 overall overall JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 13 morphology morphology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 14 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 15 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 16 virus virus NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 17 particle particle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 19 composed compose VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 20 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 21 several several JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 22 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 23 species specie NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 25 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 26 seem seem VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 27 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 28 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 29 represent represent VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 30 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 31 convergence convergence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 52 32 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 1 This this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 2 indicates indicate VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 3 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 4 common common JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 5 ancestry ancestry NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 6 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 7 reoviruses reovirus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 8 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 9 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 10 φ6 φ6 NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 11 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 12 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 13 example example NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 14 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 15 although although IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 16 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 18 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 19 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 20 sequences sequence NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 21 show show VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 22 no no DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 23 significant significant JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 24 similarities similarity NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 25 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 26 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 27 therefore therefore RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 28 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 29 must must MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 30 have have VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 31 diverged diverge VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 32 anciently anciently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 33 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 34 perhaps perhaps RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 35 before before IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 36 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 37 separation separation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 38 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 39 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 40 main main JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 41 domains domain NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 42 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 43 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 44 living live VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 45 world world NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 53 46 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 54 1 Hendrix Hendrix NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 54 2 4 4 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 54 3 offered offer VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 54 4 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 54 5 most most RBS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 54 6 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 54 7 interpretation interpretation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 54 8 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 54 9 these these DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 54 10 results result NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 54 11 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 1 If if IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 2 different different JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 3 closely closely RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 4 related related JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 5 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 6 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 7 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 8 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 9 lambdoids lambdoids NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 10 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 11 encounter encounter VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 12 one one NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 13 another another DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 14 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 15 nature nature NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 16 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 18 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 19 recombine recombine VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 55 20 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 2 frequency frequency NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 4 recombination recombination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 5 depends depend VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 6 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 8 degree degree NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 9 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 10 similarity similarity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 11 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 12 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 13 two two CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 14 partners partner NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 15 at at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 16 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 17 recombination recombination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 18 points point NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 56 19 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 1 So so RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 3 between between IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 4 any any DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 5 two two CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 6 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 7 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 8 shared share VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 9 segments segment NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 10 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 11 HOMOLOGY HOMOLOGY NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 12 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 13 serve serve VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 14 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 15 recombinational recombinational JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 16 linkers linker NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 17 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 18 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 19 even even RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 20 identities identity NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 21 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 22 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 23 length length NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 24 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 25 create create VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 26 preferred preferred JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 27 exchange exchange NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 28 points point NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 57 29 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 58 1 None none NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 58 2 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 58 3 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 58 4 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 58 5 new new JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 58 6 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 59 1 However however RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 59 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 59 3 breakage breakage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 59 4 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 59 5 joining joining NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 59 6 sometimes sometimes RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 59 7 occur occur VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 59 8 even even RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 59 9 if if IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 59 10 there there EX cord-314642-oobbdgzh 59 11 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 59 12 no no DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 59 13 homology homology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 60 1 -which -which NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 60 2 represents represent VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 60 3 new new JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 60 4 ground ground NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 60 5 -and -and . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 1 over over IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 3 time time NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 4 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 5 happens happen VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 6 often often RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 7 enough enough JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 8 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 9 generate generate VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 10 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 11 sharp sharp JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 12 boundaries boundary NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 13 between between IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 14 homology homology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 15 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 16 non non JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 17 - - NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 18 homology homology JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 19 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 20 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 21 observed observe VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 22 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 23 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 61 24 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 1 Most Most JJS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 2 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 3 new new JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 4 junctions junction NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 5 should should MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 6 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 7 lethal lethal JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 8 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 9 deleterious deleterious JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 10 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 11 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 12 specificities specificity NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 13 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 14 properties property NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 15 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 16 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 17 integration integration NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 18 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 19 repression repression NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 20 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 21 host host NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 22 range range NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 62 23 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 1 These these DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 2 studies study NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 3 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 4 showed show VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 5 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 6 any any DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 7 two two CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 8 lambdoid lambdoid NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 9 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 10 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 11 similar similar JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 12 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 13 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 14 segments segment NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 15 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 17 genomes genome NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 18 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 19 dissimilar dissimilar JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 20 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 21 others other NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 22 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 23 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 24 abrupt abrupt JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 25 transitions transition NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 26 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 27 similarity similarity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 28 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 29 dissimilarity dissimilarity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 30 3 3 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 63 31 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 64 1 Extensive extensive JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 64 2 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 64 3 sequencing sequencing NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 64 4 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 64 5 confirmed confirm VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 64 6 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 64 7 general general JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 64 8 picture picture NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 64 9 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 2 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 3 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 4 shown show VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 5 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 6 segments segment NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 7 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 8 altered alter VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 9 specificity specificity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 11 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 12 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 13 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 14 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 16 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 17 although although IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 18 differing differ VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 19 greatly greatly RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 20 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 21 sequence sequence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 22 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 23 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 24 nonetheless nonetheless RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 25 ORTHOLOGOUS ORTHOLOGOUS NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 65 26 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 1 Comparing compare VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 2 all all PDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 3 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 4 known know VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 5 lambdoid lambdoid NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 6 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 7 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 8 there there EX cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 9 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 10 little little JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 11 doubt doubt NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 12 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 14 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 15 undergone undergo VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 16 extensive extensive JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 17 recombination recombination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 18 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 19 nature nature NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 20 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 21 mixing mixing NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 22 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 23 matching match VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 24 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 25 specificity specificity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 26 determinants determinant NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 66 27 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 1 Sequencing sequencing NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 2 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 3 verifies verify VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 4 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 5 sharpness sharpness NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 6 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 7 most most JJS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 8 boundaries boundary NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 9 between between IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 10 segments segment NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 11 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 12 close close JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 13 similarity similarity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 14 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 15 those those DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 16 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 17 extreme extreme JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 18 dissimilarity dissimilarity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 67 19 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 1 At at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 2 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 3 base base NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 6 natural natural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 7 food food NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 8 chain chain NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 9 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 10 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 11 photosynthetic photosynthetic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 12 microbes microbe NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 13 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 14 green green JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 15 algae algae NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 16 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 17 cyanobacteria cyanobacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 68 18 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 1 For for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 2 both both DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 4 these these DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 5 groups group NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 6 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 7 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 8 substantial substantial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 9 fraction fraction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 10 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 12 biomass biomass NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 13 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 14 liberated liberate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 15 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 16 dissolved dissolve VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 17 organic organic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 18 material material NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 19 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 20 viral viral JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 21 infection infection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 69 22 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 70 1 Heterotrophic heterotrophic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 70 2 consumers consumer NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 70 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 70 4 dissolved dissolve VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 70 5 organic organic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 70 6 matter matter NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 70 7 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 70 8 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 70 9 frequently frequently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 70 10 killed kill VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 70 11 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 70 12 viral viral JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 70 13 infection infection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 70 14 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 1 No no DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 2 account account NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 4 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 5 natural natural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 6 food food NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 7 web web NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 8 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 9 omits omit VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 10 bacteriophages bacteriophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 11 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 12 even even RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 13 close close JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 14 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 15 being be VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 16 complete complete JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 17 15 15 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 18 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 19 16 16 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 71 20 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 72 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 72 2 machines machine NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 72 3 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 2 focus focus NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 4 biochemistry biochemistry NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 5 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 6 advanced advance VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 7 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 8 chemical chemical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 9 catalysis catalysis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 10 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 11 individual individual JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 12 proteins protein NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 13 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 14 mechanical mechanical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 15 processes process NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 16 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 17 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 18 carried carry VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 19 out out RP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 20 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 21 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 22 assemblages assemblage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 73 23 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 74 1 Phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 74 2 systems system NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 74 3 provide provide VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 74 4 many many JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 74 5 instructive instructive JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 74 6 examples example NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 74 7 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 2 forces force NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 3 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 4 drive drive VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 5 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 6 injection injection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 7 during during IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 8 infection infection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 9 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 10 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 11 large large JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 12 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 13 tailed tailed JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 14 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 15 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 16 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 17 long long RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 18 eluded elude VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 19 direct direct JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 20 identification identification NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 75 21 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 1 For for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 2 many many JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 3 common common JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 4 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 5 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 6 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 7 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 8 λ λ NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 9 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 10 T4 T4 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 11 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 12 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 13 remains remain VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 14 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 15 case case NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 76 16 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 1 More More JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 2 progress progress NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 3 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 4 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 5 made make VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 6 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 7 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 8 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 9 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 10 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 11 T7 T7 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 12 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 13 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 14 inject inject VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 16 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 17 slowly slowly RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 77 18 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 2 initial initial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 3 step step NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 4 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 6 injection injection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 7 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 8 T7 T7 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 9 proteins protein NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 10 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 11 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 12 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 13 particle particle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 14 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 15 form form VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 16 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 17 channel channel NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 18 across across IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 19 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 20 cell cell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 21 envelope envelope NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 22 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 23 conducts conduct VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 24 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 25 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 26 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 27 cell cell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 28 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 29 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 30 process process NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 31 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 32 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 33 apparently apparently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 34 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 35 17 17 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 78 36 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 1 Next next RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 3 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 4 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 5 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 6 pulled pull VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 7 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 8 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 9 cell cell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 10 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 11 transcription transcription NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 12 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 13 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 14 effectively effectively RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 15 stationary stationary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 17 polymerase polymerase NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 19 first first JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 20 host host NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 21 then then RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 22 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 23 polymerase polymerase NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 25 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 26 reels reel VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 27 DNA DNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 28 through through IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 29 itself -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 30 18 18 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 31 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 32 19 19 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 79 33 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 2 TYPE type NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 4 RESTRICTION restriction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 5 ENZYME enzyme NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 6 Eco Eco NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 7 KI KI NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 8 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 9 replace replace VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 11 polymerase polymerase NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 12 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 13 reel reel VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 14 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 15 DNA DNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 16 20 20 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 80 17 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 1 In in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 2 assembling assemble VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 3 large large JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 4 double double RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 5 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 6 stranded strand VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 7 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 9 dsDNA dsdna RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 11 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 12 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 13 viral viral JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 14 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 15 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 16 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 17 pulled pull VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 18 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 19 preformed preformed JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 20 heads head NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 21 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 22 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 23 portal portal JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 24 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 25 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 26 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 27 located locate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 28 at at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 29 one one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 30 vertex vertex NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 31 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 32 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 33 icosahedron icosahedron NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 81 34 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 1 Detailed detailed JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 2 studies study NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 4 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 5 physical physical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 6 mechanism mechanism NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 7 were be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 8 made make VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 9 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 10 Bacillus bacillus NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 11 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 12 φ29 φ29 NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 14 REF REF NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 15 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 16 21 21 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 82 18 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 2 dodecameric dodecameric JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 3 portal portal JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 4 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 5 rotates rotate VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 6 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 8 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 9 shell shell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 10 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 11 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 12 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 13 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 14 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 15 steps step NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 16 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 17 12 12 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 18 ° ° NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 19 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 20 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 21 reel reel VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 22 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 23 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 24 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 25 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 26 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 27 powered power VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 28 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 29 ATP ATP NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 30 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 32 FIG fig NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 33 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 34 2 2 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 83 36 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 2 forces force NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 3 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 4 act act VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 5 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 6 individual individual JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 7 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 8 molecules molecule NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 9 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 10 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 11 being be VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 12 packaged package VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 13 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 14 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 15 heads head NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 16 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 17 φ29 φ29 NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 18 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 19 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 20 accurately accurately RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 21 measured measure VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 22 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 23 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 24 show show VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 25 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 26 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 27 φ29 φ29 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 28 portal portal NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 29 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 30 generates generate VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 31 one one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 32 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 33 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 34 strongest strong JJS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 35 known know VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 36 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 37 motors motor NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 38 22 22 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 84 39 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 85 1 As as RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 85 2 well well RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 85 3 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 85 4 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 85 5 motors motor NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 85 6 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 85 7 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 85 8 use use VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 85 9 numerous numerous JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 85 10 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 85 11 machines machine NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 85 12 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 2 insertion insertion NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 4 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 5 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 6 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 8 chromosome chromosome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 9 during during IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 10 lysogenization lysogenization NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 11 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 12 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 13 good good JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 14 example example NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 86 15 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 1 Several several JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 2 molecules molecule NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 4 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 5 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 6 integrase integrase NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 7 form form VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 8 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 9 assemblage assemblage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 11 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 12 INTASOME INTASOME NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 14 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 15 binds bind VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 16 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 17 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 18 specific specific JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 19 segment segment NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 20 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 21 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 22 DNA DNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 23 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 24 recruits recruit VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 25 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 26 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 27 insertion insertion NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 28 sites site NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 29 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 30 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 31 complex complex NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 32 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 33 then then RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 34 makes make VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 35 concerted concert VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 36 single single JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 37 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 38 strand strand NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 39 cuts cut NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 40 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 41 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 42 two two CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 43 DNAs dna NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 87 44 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 2 strand strand NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 3 cutting cutting NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 4 proceeds proceed NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 5 through through IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 6 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 7 covalent covalent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 8 joining joining NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 9 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 10 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 11 3′ 3′ CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 12 phosphate phosphate NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 13 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 14 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 15 tyrosine tyrosine NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 16 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 17 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 18 integrase integrase NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 19 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 88 20 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 2 terminal terminal JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 3 three three CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 4 bases basis NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 5 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 6 One one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 7 characteristic characteristic NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 8 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 9 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 10 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 11 family family NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 12 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 13 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 14 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 15 lambdoids lambdoids NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 16 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 17 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 18 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 19 common common JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 20 genetic genetic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 21 map map NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 89 22 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 2 main main JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 3 determinants determinant NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 4 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 5 structural structural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 6 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 7 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 8 elements element NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 9 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 10 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 11 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 12 genome genome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 13 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 14 present present JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 15 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 16 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 17 same same JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 18 order order NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 19 throughout throughout IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 20 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 21 family family NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 90 22 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 1 As as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 2 discussed discuss VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 3 previously previously RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 4 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 5 these these DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 6 elements element NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 7 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 8 sometimes sometimes RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 9 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 10 replaced replace VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 11 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 12 homologues homologue NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 13 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 14 ANALOGUES analogue NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 15 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 16 other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 17 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 91 18 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 1 However however RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 3 at at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 4 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 5 time time NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 6 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 8 past past NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 9 these these DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 10 genomes genome NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 11 must must MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 12 have have VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 13 come come VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 14 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 15 being being NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 16 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 17 probably probably RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 18 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 19 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 20 merging merging NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 21 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 22 smaller small JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 23 genomes genome NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 24 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 25 more more RBR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 26 limited limited JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 27 functions function NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 92 28 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 1 So so RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 3 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 4 original original JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 5 lambdoid lambdoid NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 6 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 7 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 8 have have VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 9 derived derive VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 11 replication replication NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 12 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 13 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 14 one one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 15 source source NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 16 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 18 lysis lysis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 19 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 20 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 21 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 22 second second JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 23 source source NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 24 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 26 structural structural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 27 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 28 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 29 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 30 third third NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 93 31 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 1 Genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 2 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 3 have have VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 4 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 5 added add VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 6 one one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 7 at at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 8 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 9 time time NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 10 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 11 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 12 larger large JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 13 blocks block NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 14 3 3 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 15 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 16 4 4 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 94 17 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 2 exciting exciting JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 3 point point NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 4 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 5 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 6 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 7 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 8 addition addition NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 9 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 10 not not RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 11 just just RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 12 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 13 long long JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 14 ago ago RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 15 fait fait FW cord-314642-oobbdgzh 95 16 accompli accompli FW cord-314642-oobbdgzh 96 1 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 96 2 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 96 3 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 96 4 active active JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 96 5 continuing continue VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 96 6 process process NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 96 7 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 2 Hendrix Hendrix NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 3 group group NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 4 4 4 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 5 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 6 identified identify VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 7 segments segment NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 8 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 9 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 10 genomes genome NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 11 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 12 lambdoid lambdoid NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 13 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 14 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 15 seem seem VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 16 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 17 have have VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 18 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 19 spliced splice VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 20 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 21 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 22 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 23 genome genome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 24 recently recently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 97 25 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 1 These these DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 2 segments segment NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 4 dubbed dub VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 5 ' ' `` cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 6 morons moron NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 7 ' ' '' cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 9 typically typically RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 10 include include VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 11 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 12 single single JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 13 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 14 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 15 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 16 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 17 often often RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 18 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 19 unknown unknown JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 20 function function NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 21 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 22 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 23 generally generally RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 24 differ differ VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 25 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 26 base base NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 27 composition composition NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 28 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 29 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 30 rest rest NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 31 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 32 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 33 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 34 genome genome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 98 35 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 99 1 Each each DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 99 2 moron moron NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 99 3 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 99 4 present present JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 99 5 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 99 6 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 99 7 lambdoid lambdoid NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 99 8 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 99 9 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 99 10 absent absent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 99 11 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 99 12 others other NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 99 13 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 2 incorporation incorporation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 3 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 4 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 5 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 6 toxin toxin NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 7 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 8 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 9 longer long JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 10 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 11 islands island NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 12 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 13 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 14 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 15 example example NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 16 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 17 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 18 same same JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 19 kind kind NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 20 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 21 process process NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 23 see see VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 24 later later RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 100 26 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 1 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 2 complete complete JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 3 understanding understanding NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 6 natural natural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 7 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 8 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 9 underlie underlie VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 10 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 11 recombinational recombinational JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 12 origin origin NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 13 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 14 new new JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 15 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 16 types type NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 17 will will MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 18 require require VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 19 more more RBR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 20 specific specific JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 21 information information NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 22 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 23 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 24 role role NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 25 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 26 natural natural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 27 selection selection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 28 -not -not : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 29 only only RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 30 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 31 elimination elimination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 32 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 33 maladapted maladapted JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 34 types type NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 36 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 37 mentioned mention VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 38 earlier early RBR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 40 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 41 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 42 active active JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 43 selection selection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 44 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 45 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 46 few few JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 47 superior superior JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 48 variants variant NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 101 49 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 1 Further further JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 2 efforts effort NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 3 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 4 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 5 direction direction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 6 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 7 desirable desirable JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 8 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 9 not not RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 10 just just RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 11 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 13 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 14 interest interest NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 15 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 16 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 17 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 18 models model NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 19 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 20 viruses virus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 21 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 22 infect infect VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 23 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 24 hosts host NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 25 ; ; : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 26 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 27 example example NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 28 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 29 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 30 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 31 well well RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 32 documented document VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 33 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 34 members member NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 35 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 36 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 37 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 38 group group NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 39 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 40 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 41 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 42 attracted attract VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 43 attention attention NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 44 recently recently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 45 through through IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 46 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 47 emergence emergence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 48 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 49 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 50 deadly deadly JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 51 new new JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 52 human human JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 53 pathogen pathogen NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 54 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 55 causes cause VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 56 severe severe JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 57 acute acute JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 58 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 59 syndrome syndrome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 61 SARS SARS NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 63 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 64 undergo undergo VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 65 frequent frequent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 66 recombination recombination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 67 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 68 nature nature NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 69 10 10 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 70 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 71 11 11 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 102 72 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 2 long long RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 3 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 4 held hold VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 5 suspicion suspicion NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 6 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 7 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 8 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 9 ubiquitous ubiquitous JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 10 throughout throughout IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 11 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 12 prokaryotic prokaryotic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 13 world world NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 14 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 15 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 16 confirmed confirm VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 17 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 18 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 19 knowledge knowledge NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 20 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 21 expanded expand VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 22 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 23 include include VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 24 more more JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 25 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 26 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 27 phagerelated phagerelated JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 28 sequences sequence NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 29 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 30 prokaryotic prokaryotic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 31 genomes genome NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 103 32 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 2 numerical numerical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 3 abundance abundance NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 5 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 6 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 7 like like JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 8 particles particle NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 9 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 10 aquatic aquatic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 11 ecosystems ecosystem NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 12 generally generally RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 13 exceeds exceed VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 14 that that DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 15 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 16 prokaryotic prokaryotic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 17 cells cell NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 18 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 19 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 20 represent represent VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 21 > > $ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 22 10 10 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 23 % % NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 24 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 25 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 26 biomass biomass NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 27 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 28 those those DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 29 cells cell NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 104 30 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 3 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 4 documented document VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 5 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 6 recent recent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 7 reviews review NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 8 12 12 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 9 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 10 13 13 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 11 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 12 14 14 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 13 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 14 there there EX cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 15 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 16 increasing increase VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 17 evidence evidence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 18 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 19 indicate indicate VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 20 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 21 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 22 large large JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 23 fraction fraction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 24 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 25 these these DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 26 visible visible JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 27 particles particle NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 28 comprises comprise VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 29 viable viable JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 30 infectious infectious JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 31 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 105 32 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 106 1 www.nature.com/reviews/genetics www.nature.com/reviews/genetic NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 107 1 P p NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 107 2 E e NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 107 3 R r NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 107 4 S s NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 1 P p NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 2 E e NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 3 C c NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 4 T t NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 5 I i NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 6 V v NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 7 E e NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 8 S S NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 9 predicted predict VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 10 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 11 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 12 finding finding NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 13 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 14 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 15 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 16 assembles assemble VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 17 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 18 form form VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 19 octamers octamer NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 20 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 21 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 22 required require VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 23 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 24 cooperative cooperative JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 25 binding bind VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 26 33 33 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 108 27 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 109 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 109 2 initial initial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 109 3 understanding understanding NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 109 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 109 5 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 109 6 vivo vivo NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 109 7 switching switching NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 109 8 was be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 109 9 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 109 10 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 109 11 another another DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 109 12 respect respect NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 109 13 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 2 earlier early JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 3 work work NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 4 showed show VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 5 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 6 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 7 oR or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 8 switch switch NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 9 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 10 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 11 itself -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 12 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 13 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 14 BISTABLE BISTABLE NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 110 15 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 2 cI ci NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 3 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 4 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 5 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 6 encodes encode VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 8 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 9 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 10 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 11 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 12 leftward leftward RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 13 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 14 oR or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 15 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 16 whereas whereas IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 17 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 18 secondary secondary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 19 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 20 Cro Cro NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 21 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 22 other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 23 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 24 products product NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 25 come come VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 26 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 27 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 28 rightward rightward JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 29 message message NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 111 30 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 1 Both both DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 2 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 3 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 4 Cro Cro NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 5 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 6 bind bind VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 7 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 8 three three CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 9 sites site NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 10 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 11 oR or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 12 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 13 shut shut VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 14 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 15 off off RP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 16 transcription transcription NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 17 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 18 both both DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 19 directions direction NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 112 20 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 113 1 However however RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 113 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 113 3 one one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 113 4 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 113 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 113 6 other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 113 7 will will MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 113 8 eventually eventually RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 113 9 get get VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 113 10 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 113 11 upper upper JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 113 12 hand hand NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 113 13 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 1 If if IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 2 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 3 synthesis synthesis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 4 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 5 established establish VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 6 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 7 Cro Cro NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 8 synthesis synthesis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 9 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 10 shut shut VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 11 off off RP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 12 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 13 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 14 vice vice NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 15 versa versa RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 114 16 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 2 system system NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 3 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 4 therefore therefore RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 5 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 6 provides provide VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 7 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 8 elegant elegant JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 9 model model NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 10 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 11 how how WRB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 12 switching switch VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 13 events event NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 14 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 15 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 16 controlled control VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 17 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 18 other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 19 contexts context NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 20 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 21 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 22 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 23 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 24 cell cell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 25 differentiation differentiation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 26 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 27 multicellular multicellular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 28 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 29 28 28 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 30 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 31 34 34 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 115 32 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 1 As as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 2 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 3 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 4 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 5 system system NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 6 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 8 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 9 seem seem VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 10 gratuitous gratuitous JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 11 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 12 question question VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 13 whether whether IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 14 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 15 crucial crucial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 16 events event NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 17 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 18 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 19 identified identify VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 20 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 21 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 22 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 23 simple simple JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 24 model model NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 25 seems seem VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 26 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 27 provide provide VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 28 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 29 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 30 explanation explanation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 116 31 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 2 shut shut NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 3 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 4 off off NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 5 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 6 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 7 synthesis synthesis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 8 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 9 Cro Cro NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 10 depends depend VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 11 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 12 Cro Cro NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 13 binding bind VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 14 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 15 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 16 oR3 oR3 VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 17 operator operator NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 18 site site NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 19 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 20 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 21 could could MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 22 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 23 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 24 crucial crucial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 25 step step NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 26 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 27 activating activate VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 28 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 29 lytic lytic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 30 cycle cycle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 117 31 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 1 In in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 2 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 3 view view NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 4 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 6 establishment establishment NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 7 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 8 repression repression NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 9 depends depend VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 10 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 11 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 12 race race NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 13 between between IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 14 Cro Cro NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 15 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 16 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 17 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 118 18 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 1 However however RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 4 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 5 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 6 known know VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 7 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 8 early early RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 9 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 10 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 11 another another DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 12 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 13 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 14 CII CII NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 15 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 16 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 17 acts act VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 18 at at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 19 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 20 promoter promoter NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 21 site site NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 22 pRE pRE NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 23 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 24 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 25 crucial crucial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 26 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 27 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 28 establishment establishment NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 29 35 35 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 30 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 31 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 32 Cro Cro NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 33 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 34 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 35 bound bind VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 36 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 37 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 38 other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 39 oR or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 40 sites site NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 42 oR2 or2 NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 43 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 44 oR1 or1 NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 46 decreases decrease VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 47 CII cii NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 48 production production NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 119 49 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 1 This this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 2 makes make VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 4 equally equally RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 5 possible possible JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 6 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 8 decisive decisive JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 9 race race NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 10 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 11 between between IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 12 Cro Cro NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 13 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 14 CII CII NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 15 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 16 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 17 oR3 oR3 VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 18 having have VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 19 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 20 at at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 21 most most JJS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 22 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 23 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 24 ancillary ancillary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 25 role role NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 120 26 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 121 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 121 2 definitive definitive JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 121 3 experiments experiment NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 121 4 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 121 5 yet yet RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 121 6 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 121 7 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 121 8 done do VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 121 9 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 1 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 2 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 3 modelling modelling NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 6 switch switch NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 7 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 8 available available JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 9 36 36 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 10 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 11 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 12 agrees agree VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 13 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 14 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 15 published publish VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 16 data datum NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 17 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 18 lysogenization lysogenization NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 19 frequencies frequency NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 20 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 21 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 22 function function NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 23 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 24 average average JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 25 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 26 input input NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 27 37 37 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 122 28 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 123 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 123 2 complex complex JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 123 3 regulation regulation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 123 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 123 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 123 6 switch switch NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 123 7 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 123 8 shown show VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 123 9 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 123 10 FIG FIG NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 123 11 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 124 1 3 3 LS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 124 2 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 1 However however RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 3 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 4 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 5 pioneering pioneering JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 6 work work NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 7 most most JJS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 8 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 9 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 10 kinetic kinetic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 12 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 13 estimates estimate NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 14 rather rather RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 15 than than IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 16 direct direct JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 17 measurements measurement NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 125 18 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 1 This this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 2 work work NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 3 underscores underscore VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 4 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 5 potential potential NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 6 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 7 modelling model VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 8 whole whole JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 9 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 10 cell cell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 11 physiology physiology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 12 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 13 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 14 present present JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 15 high high JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 16 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 17 throughput throughput NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 18 data datum NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 19 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 20 transcription transcription NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 21 rates rate NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 22 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 23 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 24 abundance abundance NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 126 25 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 1 Still still RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 2 lacking lack VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 3 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 4 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 5 complete complete JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 6 model model NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 7 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 8 predicts predict VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 9 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 10 strong strong JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 11 overshoot overshoot NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 12 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 13 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 14 concentration concentration NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 15 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 16 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 17 observed observe VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 18 during during IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 19 lysogenization lysogenization NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 20 34 34 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 127 21 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 1 Because because IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 2 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 3 rate rate NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 5 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 6 synthesis synthesis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 7 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 8 CII CII NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 9 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 10 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 11 pRE pRE NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 12 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 13 much much RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 14 higher high JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 15 than than IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 16 that that DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 17 observed observe VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 18 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 19 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 20 lysogen lysogen NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 21 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 23 seems seem VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 24 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 25 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 26 Cro Cro NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 27 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 28 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 29 bound bind VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 30 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 31 oR3 or3 PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 32 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 33 prevent prevent VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 34 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 35 establishment establishment NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 36 if if IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 37 CII CII NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 38 synthesis synthesis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 39 achieves achieve VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 40 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 41 maximum maximum JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 42 rate rate NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 128 43 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 2 was be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 3 previously previously RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 4 thought think VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 5 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 6 Holliday Holliday NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 7 junctions junction NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 8 were be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 9 formed form VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 10 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 11 re re NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 12 - - NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 13 ligation ligation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 14 at at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 15 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 16 cutting cutting NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 17 site site NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 18 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 19 followed follow VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 20 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 21 branch branch NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 22 migration migration NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 23 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 24 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 25 resolution resolution NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 26 site site NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 28 7-bps 7-bps NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 29 removed remove VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 129 31 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 1 Since since IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 2 then then RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 3 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 4 important important JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 5 progress progress NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 6 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 7 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 8 made make VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 9 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 10 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 11 nature nature NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 12 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 13 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 14 initial initial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 15 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 16 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 17 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 18 interactions interaction NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 19 25 25 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 20 Gene Gene NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 21 regulation regulation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 130 22 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 1 In in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 2 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 3 series series NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 5 incisive incisive JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 6 experiments experiment NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 7 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 8 Ptashne Ptashne NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 9 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 10 colleagues colleague NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 11 defined define VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 12 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 13 modus modus NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 14 operandi operandi NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 15 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 16 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 17 lysis lysis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 18 / / SYM cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 19 lysogeny lysogeny NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 20 decision decision NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 21 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 22 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 23 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 24 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 25 model model NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 26 genetic genetic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 27 switch switch NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 28 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 29 operates operate VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 30 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 31 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 32 right right JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 33 operator operator NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 34 sites site NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 36 oR or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 38 29 29 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 40 FIG FIG NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 41 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 42 3 3 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 131 44 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 1 This this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 2 work work NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 3 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 4 recently recently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 5 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 6 extended extend VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 7 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 8 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 9 discovery discovery NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 10 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 11 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 12 natural natural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 13 switch switch NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 14 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 15 strongly strongly RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 16 influenced influence VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 17 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 18 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 19 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 20 interaction interaction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 21 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 22 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 23 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 24 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 25 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 26 leftward leftward JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 27 operator operator NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 29 oL oL NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 31 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 32 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 33 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 34 more more JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 35 than than IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 36 3-kb 3-kb CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 37 away away RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 39 30 30 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 42 31 31 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 132 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 2 32 32 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 4 ; ; : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 5 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 6 was be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 8 free free JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 9 5′ 5′ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 10 ends end VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 11 then then RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 12 rotate rotate VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 13 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 14 exchange exchange VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 15 partners partner NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 16 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 17 followed follow VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 18 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 19 ligation ligation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 20 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 21 removal removal NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 22 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 23 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 24 integrase integrase NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 25 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 26 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 27 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 28 3′ 3′ CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 29 ends end VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 30 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 31 form form VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 32 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 33 HOLLIDAY HOLLIDAY NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 34 JUNCTION junction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 133 35 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 2 assemblage assemblage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 3 then then RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 4 undergoes undergo VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 5 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 6 rearrangement rearrangement NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 8 isomerization isomerization NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 10 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 11 resolves resolve VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 12 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 13 Holliday Holliday NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 14 structure structure NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 15 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 16 cutting cut VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 17 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 18 two two CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 19 previously previously RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 20 uncut uncut JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 21 strands strand NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 22 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 23 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 24 other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 25 side side NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 26 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 27 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 28 junction junction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 29 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 30 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 31 allows allow VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 32 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 33 exchange exchange NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 34 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 35 partners partner NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 36 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 37 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 38 freed free VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 39 5′ 5′ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 40 ends end NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 41 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 42 followed follow VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 43 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 44 resealing reseal VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 45 23 23 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 134 46 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 2 reverse reverse JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 3 reaction reaction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 5 excision excision NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 6 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 8 chromosome chromosome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 10 requires require VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 11 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 12 second second JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 13 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 14 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 15 specified specify VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 16 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 18 excisionase excisionase NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 20 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 21 proceeds proceed NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 22 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 23 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 24 analogous analogous JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 25 mechanism mechanism NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 26 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 27 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 28 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 29 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 30 however however RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 31 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 32 not not RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 33 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 34 simple simple JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 35 chemical chemical NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 36 reversal reversal NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 37 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 38 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 39 integration integration NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 40 reaction reaction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 41 24 24 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 135 42 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 1 Probably probably RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 2 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 3 most most RBS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 4 important important JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 5 recent recent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 6 breakthrough breakthrough NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 7 was be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 8 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 9 discovery discovery NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 10 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 11 both both CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 12 initiation initiation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 13 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 14 resolution resolution NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 15 involve involve VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 16 strand strand NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 17 swapping swapping NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 18 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 19 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 20 free free JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 21 5′ 5′ CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 22 ends end NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 23 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 24 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 25 described describe VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 26 earlier early JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 27 22 22 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 136 28 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 137 1 shown show VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 137 2 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 137 3 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 137 4 set set NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 137 5 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 137 6 four four CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 137 7 blue blue JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 137 8 spheres sphere NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 137 9 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 137 10 one one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 137 11 red red JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 137 12 sphere sphere NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 137 13 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 2 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 3 base base NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 4 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 5 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 6 aligned align VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 7 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 8 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 9 active active JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 10 connector connector NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 11 monomer monomer NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 12 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 13 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 14 shown show VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 15 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 16 red red NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 138 17 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 139 1 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 139 2 | | CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 140 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 140 2 active active JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 140 3 pRNA prna JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 140 4 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 140 5 ATPase atpase NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 2 interacts interact VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 3 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 4 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 5 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 6 connector connector NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 7 monomer monomer NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 9 A A NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 11 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 12 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 13 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 14 turn turn NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 15 contacts contact VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 16 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 17 aligned align VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 18 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 19 base base NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 141 20 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 142 1 b b LS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 142 2 | | NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 2 narrow narrow JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 3 end end NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 6 connector connector NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 7 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 8 moved move VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 9 anti anti JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 10 - - JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 11 clockwise clockwise JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 12 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 13 12 12 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 14 ° ° NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 15 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 16 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 17 place place VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 18 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 19 narrow narrow JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 20 end end NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 21 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 22 monomer monomer NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 23 C c NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 24 opposite opposite JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 25 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 26 II II NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 27 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 28 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 29 next next JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 30 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 31 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 32 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 33 fired fire VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 34 ; ; : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 35 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 36 causes cause VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 37 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 38 connector connector NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 39 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 40 expand expand VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 41 lengthwise lengthwise RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 42 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 43 slightly slightly RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 44 altering alter VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 45 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 46 angle angle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 47 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 48 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 49 helices helix NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 50 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 51 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 52 central central JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 53 domain domain NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 55 white white JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 56 arrow arrow NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 57 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 58 asterisk asterisk NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 143 60 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 144 1 c c NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 144 2 | | NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 2 wide wide JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 3 end end NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 6 connector connector NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 7 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 8 followed follow VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 9 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 10 narrow narrow JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 11 end end NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 12 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 13 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 14 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 15 connector connector NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 16 relaxes relax VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 17 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 18 contracts contract NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 20 white white JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 21 arrow arrow NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 22 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 23 two two CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 24 asterisks asterisk NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 26 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 27 thereby thereby RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 28 causing cause VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 29 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 30 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 31 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 32 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 33 translated translate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 34 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 35 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 36 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 37 head head NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 145 38 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 1 For for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 2 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 3 next next JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 4 cycle cycle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 5 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 6 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 7 II II NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 8 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 9 activated activate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 10 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 11 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 12 causes cause VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 13 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 14 connector connector NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 15 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 16 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 17 rotated rotate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 18 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 19 another another DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 20 12 12 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 21 ° ° NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 22 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 23 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 24 so so RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 25 on on RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 146 26 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 1 At at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 2 present present JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 3 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 4 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 5 therapy therapy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 6 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 7 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 8 described describe VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 9 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 10 promising promising JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 11 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 12 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 13 despite despite IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 15 long long JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 16 history history NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 18 ability ability NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 19 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 20 deliver deliver VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 21 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 22 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 23 promise promise NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 24 remains remain VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 25 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 26 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 27 fully fully RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 28 shown show VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 147 29 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 1 However however RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 3 there there EX cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 4 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 5 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 6 clear clear JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 7 successes success NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 8 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 9 experimentally experimentally RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 10 infected infect VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 11 animals animal NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 12 40 40 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 13 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 14 41 41 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 15 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 148 16 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 149 1 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 149 2 modelling modelling NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 149 3 corroborates corroborate VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 149 4 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 149 5 expectations expectation NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 149 6 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 149 7 feasibility feasibility NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 149 8 42 42 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 149 9 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 1 Much much JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 2 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 3 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 4 earlier early JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 5 work work NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 6 was be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 7 relatively relatively RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 8 crude crude JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 9 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 10 less less RBR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 11 controlled control VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 12 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 13 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 14 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 15 whole whole JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 16 area area NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 17 was be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 18 dismissed dismiss VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 19 without without IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 20 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 21 thorough thorough JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 22 evaluation evaluation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 24 largely largely RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 25 because because IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 26 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 27 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 28 availability availability NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 29 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 30 economy economy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 31 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 32 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 33 therapy therapy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 150 35 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 1 Now now RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 3 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 4 numerous numerous JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 5 potential potential JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 6 problems problem NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 7 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 8 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 9 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 10 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 11 deleterious deleterious JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 12 effects effect NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 13 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 14 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 15 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 16 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 17 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 18 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 19 inactivation inactivation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 20 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 21 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 22 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 23 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 24 antibodies antibody NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 25 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 26 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 27 genesis genesis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 28 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 29 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 30 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 31 resistant resistant JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 32 mutants mutant NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 33 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 34 remain remain VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 35 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 36 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 37 rigorously rigorously RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 38 addressed address VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 151 39 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 1 In in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 2 other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 3 areas area NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 4 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 5 require require VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 6 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 7 survival survival NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 8 under under IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 9 conditions condition NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 10 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 11 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 12 sterility sterility NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 13 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 14 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 15 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 16 industrial industrial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 17 fermentation fermentation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 18 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 19 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 20 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 21 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 22 enemy enemy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 152 23 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 1 Phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 2 lysis lysis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 4 lactic lactic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 5 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 6 acid acid NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 7 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 8 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 9 long long RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 10 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 11 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 12 nuisance nuisance NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 13 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 14 cheese cheese NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 15 factories factory NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 153 16 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 1 Extensive extensive JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 2 studies study NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 3 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 4 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 5 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 6 infect infect VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 7 lactic lactic NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 8 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 9 acid acid NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 10 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 11 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 12 continuing continue VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 13 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 14 many many JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 15 countries country NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 17 43 43 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 20 44 44 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 23 45 45 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 154 25 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 1 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 2 long long JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 3 time time NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 4 ' ' `` cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 5 holy holy NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 6 grail grail NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 7 ' ' '' cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 8 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 9 research research NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 10 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 11 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 12 directed direct VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 13 towards towards IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 14 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 15 elimination elimination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 16 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 17 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 18 problem problem NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 19 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 20 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 21 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 22 isolation isolation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 23 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 24 engineering engineering NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 25 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 26 stable stable JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 27 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 28 mutants mutant NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 29 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 30 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 31 resistant resistant JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 32 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 33 all all DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 34 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 35 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 36 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 37 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 38 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 39 attack attack VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 40 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 41 given give VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 42 culture culture NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 43 46 46 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 44 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 45 47 47 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 155 46 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 1 There there EX cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 2 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 3 many many JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 4 occasions occasion NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 5 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 6 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 7 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 8 biologists biologist NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 9 would would MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 10 like like VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 11 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 12 identify identify VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 13 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 14 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 15 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 16 large large JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 17 collection collection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 18 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 19 proteins protein NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 20 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 21 peptides peptide NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 22 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 23 those those DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 24 few few JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 25 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 26 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 27 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 28 special special JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 29 property property NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 31 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 32 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 33 binding bind VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 34 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 35 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 36 low low JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 37 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 38 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 39 weight weight NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 40 LIGAND ligand NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 41 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 42 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 43 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 44 specific specific JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 45 site site NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 46 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 47 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 48 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 49 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 50 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 51 molecule molecule NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 156 53 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 2 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 3 easy easy JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 4 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 5 fractionate fractionate VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 6 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 7 collection collection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 8 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 9 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 10 basis basis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 11 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 13 binding binding NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 14 properties property NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 15 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 16 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 17 if if IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 18 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 19 binding bind VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 20 species species NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 21 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 22 rare rare JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 23 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 25 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 26 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 27 impractical impractical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 28 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 29 isolate isolate VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 30 enough enough JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 31 material material NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 32 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 33 determine determine VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 34 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 35 structure structure NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 157 36 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 1 In in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 2 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 3 cases case NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 4 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 6 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 7 preferable preferable JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 8 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 9 isolate isolate VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 10 not not RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 11 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 12 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 13 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 14 peptide peptide NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 15 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 16 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 17 rather rather RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 18 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 19 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 20 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 21 encodes encode VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 23 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 24 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 25 easily easily RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 26 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 27 amplified amplify VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 158 28 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 2 simplest simple JJS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 3 way way NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 4 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 5 do do VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 6 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 7 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 8 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 9 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 10 system system NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 11 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 12 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 13 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 14 fractionation fractionation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 15 process process NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 16 brings bring VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 17 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 18 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 19 along along RP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 20 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 21 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 22 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 24 encodes encode VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 159 25 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 160 1 Surface surface NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 160 2 antigens antigen NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 160 3 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 160 4 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 160 5 cells cell NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 160 6 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 160 7 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 160 8 treated treat VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 160 9 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 160 10 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 160 11 way way NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 160 12 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 1 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 2 more more RBR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 3 powerful powerful JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 4 method method NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 5 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 6 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 7 display display VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 8 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 9 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 10 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 11 peptide peptide NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 12 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 13 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 14 surface surface NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 15 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 16 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 17 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 161 18 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 1 Phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 2 particles particle NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 3 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 4 much much RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 5 smaller small JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 6 than than IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 7 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 8 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 9 so so RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 10 larger large JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 11 libraries library NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 12 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 13 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 14 screened screen VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 162 15 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 1 If if IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 2 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 3 library library NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 4 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 5 composed compose VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 6 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 7 TRANSLATIONAL TRANSLATIONAL NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 8 FUSIONS FUSIONS NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 9 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 10 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 11 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 12 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 13 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 14 abundant abundant JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 15 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 16 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 17 surface surface NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 18 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 19 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 20 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 21 particle particle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 22 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 23 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 24 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 25 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 26 high high JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 27 ; ; : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 28 under under IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 29 conditions condition NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 30 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 31 single single JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 32 infection infection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 33 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 34 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 35 binding bind VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 36 properties property NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 37 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 38 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 39 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 40 particle particle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 41 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 42 determined determine VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 43 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 44 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 45 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 46 fusion fusion NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 47 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 48 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 49 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 163 50 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 164 1 Phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 164 2 therapy therapy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 164 3 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 1 Following follow VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 3 discovery discovery NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 4 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 5 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 6 were be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 7 regarded regard VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 8 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 9 possible possible JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 10 agents agent NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 11 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 12 combat combat VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 13 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 14 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 16 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 17 discussed discuss VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 18 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 19 Merril Merril NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 20 et et NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 21 al al NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 165 22 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 166 1 38 38 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 166 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 166 3 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 1 Most Most JJS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 2 early early JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 3 attempts attempt NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 4 at at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 5 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 6 therapy therapy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 7 were be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 8 unsuccessful unsuccessful JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 9 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 10 inconclusive inconclusive JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 11 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 12 apparently apparently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 13 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 14 trivial trivial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 15 technical technical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 16 reasons reason NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 17 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 18 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 19 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 20 absence absence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 21 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 22 placebo placebo NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 23 controls control NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 24 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 25 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 26 rapid rapid JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 27 clearance clearance NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 28 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 29 injected inject VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 30 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 31 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 32 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 33 bloodstream bloodstream NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 34 before before IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 35 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 36 had have VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 37 time time NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 38 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 39 reach reach VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 40 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 41 intended intended JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 42 target target NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 43 38 38 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 44 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 45 39 39 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 167 46 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 1 With with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 2 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 3 advent advent NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 5 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 6 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 8 development development NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 9 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 10 use use NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 11 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 12 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 13 therapy therapy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 14 almost almost RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 15 disappeared disappear VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 16 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 17 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 18 Western western JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 19 world world NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 20 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 21 although although IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 23 continued continue VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 24 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 25 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 26 Soviet Soviet NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 27 Union Union NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 28 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 29 Eastern Eastern NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 30 Europe Europe NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 31 39 39 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 168 32 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 1 As as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 2 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 3 incidence incidence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 5 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 6 resistance resistance NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 7 continues continue VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 8 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 9 rise rise VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 10 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 11 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 12 field field NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 13 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 14 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 15 reactivated reactivate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 16 38 38 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 169 17 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 1 Phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 2 therapy therapy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 3 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 4 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 5 inherent inherent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 6 advantages advantage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 7 over over IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 8 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 9 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 10 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 11 both both CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 12 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 13 specificity specificity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 14 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 15 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 16 ability ability NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 17 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 18 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 19 agent agent NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 20 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 21 propagate propagate VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 22 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 23 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 24 desired desire VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 25 location location NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 27 advantages advantage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 28 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 29 were be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 30 seldom seldom RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 31 realized realize VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 32 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 33 earlier early JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 34 work work NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 35 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 36 impure impure JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 37 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 38 preparations preparation NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 40 39 39 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 170 41 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 1 As as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 2 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 3 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 4 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 6 efficiency efficiency NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 7 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 8 limited limit VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 9 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 10 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 11 mutation mutation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 12 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 13 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 14 will will MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 15 doubtless doubtless RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 16 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 17 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 18 great great JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 19 challenge challenge NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 20 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 21 future future JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 22 development development NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 171 23 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 2 FIG FIG NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 3 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 4 1 1 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 6 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 8 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 9 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 10 either either CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 11 enter enter VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 12 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 13 lytic lytic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 14 cyle cyle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 15 -in -in : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 16 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 18 reproduces reproduce VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 19 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 20 then then RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 21 lyses lyse VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 23 host host NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 24 -or -or IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 25 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 26 lysogenic lysogenic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 27 cycle cycle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 28 -in -in : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 29 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 30 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 31 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 32 DNA DNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 33 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 34 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 35 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 36 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 37 host host NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 38 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 39 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 40 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 41 replicated replicate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 42 indefinitely indefinitely RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 172 43 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 173 1 Dashed dash VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 173 2 boxes box NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 173 3 enclose enclose VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 173 4 operator operator NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 173 5 sites site NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 173 6 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 173 7 comprise comprise VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 173 8 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 173 9 promoter promoter NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 173 10 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 173 11 control control NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 173 12 complex complex NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 173 13 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 2 three three CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 3 operator operator NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 4 sites site NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 5 O o UH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 6 R1 r1 NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 7 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 8 3 3 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 9 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 10 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 11 ' ' `` cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 12 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 13 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 14 switch switch NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 15 ' ' '' cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 16 control control NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 17 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 18 promoters promoter NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 19 P p NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 20 RM rm NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 21 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 22 P p NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 23 R r NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 174 24 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 1 Cro Cro NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 2 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 3 CI CI NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 4 dimers dimer NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 5 bind bind VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 6 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 8 three three CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 9 sites site NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 10 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 11 different different JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 12 affinities affinity NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 13 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 14 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 15 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 16 opposite opposite JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 17 order order NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 18 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 19 control control VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 20 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 21 activation activation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 22 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 23 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 24 P P NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 25 RM rm NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 26 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 27 P p NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 28 R r NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 29 promoters promoter NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 30 29 29 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 175 31 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 1 If if IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 2 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 3 N N NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 4 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 5 available available JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 6 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 7 transcribing transcribe VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 8 RNA rna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 9 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 11 RNAPs rnap NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 13 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 14 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 15 ANTI ANTI NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 16 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 17 TERMINATED terminate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 18 at at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 19 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 20 NUT NUT NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 21 R r NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 22 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 23 NUT NUT NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 24 L L NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 25 sites site NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 26 ; ; : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 27 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 28 termination termination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 29 sites site NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 30 T T NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 31 R1 R1 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 32 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 33 T T NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 34 L1 L1 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 35 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 36 inoperative inoperative JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 37 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 38 anti anti JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 39 - - JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 40 terminated terminated JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 41 RNAPs rnap NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 176 42 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 2 CI CI NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 3 dimer dimer NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 4 acts act VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 5 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 6 either either CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 7 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 8 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 9 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 10 activator activator NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 11 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 12 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 13 promoter promoter NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 14 P p NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 15 RM RM NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 16 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 17 depending depend VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 18 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 20 concentration concentration NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 177 21 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 178 1 P1 P1 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 178 2 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 178 3 P2 P2 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 178 4 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 178 5 proteases protease NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 178 6 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 178 7 degrade degrade VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 178 8 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 178 9 CII CII NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 178 10 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 178 11 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 178 12 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 179 1 CIII CIII NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 179 2 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 179 3 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 179 4 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 179 5 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 179 6 product product NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 179 7 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 179 8 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 179 9 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 179 10 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 179 11 substrate substrate NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 179 12 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 179 13 P1 P1 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 179 14 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 180 1 By by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 180 2 binding bind VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 180 3 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 180 4 P1 P1 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 180 5 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 180 6 CIII CIII NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 180 7 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 180 8 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 180 9 degradation degradation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 180 10 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 180 11 CII CII NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 180 12 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 181 1 b b LS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 181 2 | | NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 181 3 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 181 4 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 181 5 decision decision NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 181 6 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 181 7 circuit circuit NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 181 8 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 181 9 organization organization NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 181 10 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 1 Phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 2 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 3 encoded encode VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 4 genetic genetic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 5 elements element NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 6 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 8 decision decision NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 9 circuit circuit NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 10 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 11 located locate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 12 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 13 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 14 5,000-nucleotide 5,000-nucleotide CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 15 region region NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 16 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 17 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 18 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 19 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 182 20 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 1 Genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 2 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 3 separated separate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 4 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 5 leftward leftward NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 6 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 7 rightward rightward RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 8 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 9 strands strand NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 10 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 11 indicated indicate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 12 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 13 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 14 arrows arrow NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 183 15 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 1 Rightward rightward JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 2 extensions extension NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 4 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 5 anti anti JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 6 - - JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 7 terminated terminated JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 8 P p NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 9 R r NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 10 transcript transcript NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 11 transcribe transcribe VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 12 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 13 O o NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 14 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 15 P p NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 16 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 17 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 18 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 19 essential essential JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 20 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 21 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 22 genome genome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 23 replication replication NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 24 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 25 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 26 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 27 Q Q NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 28 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 29 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 30 controls control VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 31 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 32 transcription transcription NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 33 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 34 later later JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 35 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 36 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 37 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 38 lytic lytic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 39 pathway pathway NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 184 40 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 1 Leftward Leftward NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 2 extension extension NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 4 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 5 anti anti JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 6 - - JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 7 terminated terminate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 8 P p NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 9 L L NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 10 transcript transcript NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 11 transcribes transcribe VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 12 xis xis NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 13 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 14 int int NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 15 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 16 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 17 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 18 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 19 essential essential JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 20 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 21 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 22 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 23 chromosome chromosome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 24 integration integration NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 25 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 26 excision excision NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 27 both both CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 28 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 29 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 30 out out IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 31 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 32 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 33 host host NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 34 chromosome chromosome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 185 35 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 2 locations location NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 4 four four CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 5 termination termination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 6 sites site NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 7 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 8 indicated indicate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 9 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 10 T T NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 11 R1 R1 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 12 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 13 2 2 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 14 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 15 T T NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 16 L1 L1 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 17 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 18 2 2 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 186 19 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 187 1 Figure figure NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 187 2 modified modify VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 187 3 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 187 4 permission permission NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 187 5 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 187 6 REF REF NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 187 7 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 188 1 33 33 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 188 2 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 189 1 www.nature.com/reviews/genetics www.nature.com/reviews/genetic NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 190 1 P p NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 190 2 E e NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 190 3 R r NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 190 4 S s NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 190 5 P p NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 190 6 E e NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 190 7 C c NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 190 8 T t NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 2 V v NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 3 E e NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 4 S s NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 5 direct direct JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 6 insertion insertion NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 7 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 8 toxin toxin NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 9 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 10 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 11 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 12 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 13 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 14 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 15 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 16 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 17 transposon transposon NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 18 mediated mediate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 191 19 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 2 latter latter JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 3 possibility possibility NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 4 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 5 more more RBR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 6 likely likely JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 7 if if IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 8 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 9 toxin toxin NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 10 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 11 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 12 not not RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 13 at at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 14 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 15 terminus terminus NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 16 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 17 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 18 prophage prophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 19 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 20 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 21 rather rather RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 22 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 23 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 24 middle middle NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 25 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 26 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 27 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 28 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 29 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 30 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 31 related relate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 32 coliphage coliphage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 33 933W 933w CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 34 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 35 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 36 encodes encode VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 37 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 38 Shiga Shiga NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 39 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 40 like like JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 41 toxin toxin NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 42 55 55 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 192 43 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 2 evolution evolution NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 4 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 5 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 6 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 7 only only RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 8 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 9 understood understand VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 10 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 11 including include VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 12 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 13 role role NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 14 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 15 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 16 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 17 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 18 islands island NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 193 19 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 1 Prophages Prophages NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 2 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 3 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 4 islands island NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 5 seem seem VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 6 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 7 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 8 closely closely RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 9 related relate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 10 ; ; : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 11 however however RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 12 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 13 assumptions assumption NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 14 about about IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 15 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 16 nature nature NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 17 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 18 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 19 relationship relationship NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 20 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 21 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 22 premature premature JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 194 23 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 195 1 Pathogenicity Pathogenicity NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 195 2 islands island NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 195 3 belong belong VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 195 4 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 195 5 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 195 6 broader broad JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 195 7 category category NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 195 8 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 195 9 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 195 10 known know VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 195 11 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 195 12 specialization specialization NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 195 13 islands island NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 195 14 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 196 1 Specialization specialization NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 196 2 islands island NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 196 3 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 196 4 blocks block NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 196 5 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 196 6 contiguous contiguous JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 196 7 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 196 8 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 196 9 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 196 10 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 196 11 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 196 12 several several JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 196 13 criteria criterion NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 196 14 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 1 First first RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 4 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 5 dedicated dedicated JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 6 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 7 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 8 common common JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 9 function function NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 10 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 11 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 12 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 13 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 14 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 15 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 16 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 17 not not RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 18 directly directly RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 19 needed need VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 20 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 21 simple simple JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 22 survival survival NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 197 23 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 1 Second second RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 4 differ differ VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 5 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 6 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 7 surrounding surround VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 8 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 9 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 10 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 11 statistics statistic NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 12 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 13 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 14 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 15 G+C G+C NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 16 content content NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 17 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 18 codon codon NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 19 usage usage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 20 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 21 neighbour neighbour NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 22 relations relation NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 198 23 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 1 Third third RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 4 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 5 present present JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 6 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 7 certain certain JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 8 strains strain NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 9 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 10 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 11 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 12 species specie NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 13 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 14 absent absent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 15 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 16 others other NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 199 17 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 2 widespread widespread JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 3 occurrence occurrence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 4 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 5 only only RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 6 come come VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 7 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 8 light light NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 9 through through IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 10 whole whole JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 11 genome genome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 12 sequencing sequencing NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 13 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 14 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 16 molecular molecular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 17 statistics statistic NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 18 indicate indicate VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 19 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 20 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 21 elements element NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 22 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 23 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 24 derived derive VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 25 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 26 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 27 relatively relatively RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 28 recent recent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 29 past past NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 30 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 31 other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 32 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 33 species specie NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 34 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 35 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 36 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 37 they -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 38 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 39 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 40 indigenous indigenous JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 41 56 56 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 200 42 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 2 intercalation intercalation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 3 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 4 only only RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 5 certain certain JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 6 strains strain NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 7 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 8 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 9 species specie NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 10 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 11 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 13 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 14 now now RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 15 observed observe VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 16 indicates indicate VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 17 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 18 operation operation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 19 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 20 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 21 insertion insertion NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 22 mechanism mechanism NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 23 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 24 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 25 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 26 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 27 integration integration NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 28 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 29 TRANSPOSITION transposition NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 30 ; ; : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 31 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 32 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 33 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 34 islands island NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 35 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 36 flanked flank VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 37 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 38 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 39 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 40 insertion insertion NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 41 sites site NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 42 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 43 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 44 technically technically RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 45 qualifies qualify VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 46 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 47 whole whole JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 48 unit unit NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 49 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 50 whatever whatever WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 51 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 52 historical historical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 53 origin origin NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 54 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 55 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 56 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 57 defective defective JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 58 prophage prophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 59 57 57 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 60 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 61 58 58 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 201 62 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 202 1 This this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 202 2 raises raise VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 202 3 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 202 4 host host NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 202 5 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 202 6 questions question NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 202 7 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 202 8 future future JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 202 9 research research NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 202 10 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 1 One one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 2 scenario scenario NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 4 perhaps perhaps RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 5 overly overly RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 6 facile facile JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 8 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 9 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 10 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 11 whole whole JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 12 unit unit NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 13 arose arise VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 14 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 15 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 16 species specie NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 17 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 18 origin origin NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 19 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 20 rearrangements rearrangement NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 21 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 22 host host NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 23 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 24 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 25 DNA DNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 26 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 27 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 29 was be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 30 introduced introduce VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 31 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 32 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 33 species specie NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 34 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 35 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 36 we -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 37 now now RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 38 find find VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 39 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 40 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 41 packing pack VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 42 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 43 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 44 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 45 coat coat NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 46 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 47 followed follow VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 48 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 49 injection injection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 50 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 51 lysogenization lysogenization NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 52 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 53 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 54 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 55 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 56 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 57 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 58 present present JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 59 host host NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 60 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 61 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 62 moves move VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 63 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 64 one one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 65 strain strain NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 66 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 67 another another DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 68 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 69 infection infection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 70 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 71 lysogenization lysogenization NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 203 72 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 1 There there EX cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 2 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 3 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 4 at at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 5 present present NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 6 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 7 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 8 extreme extreme JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 9 paucity paucity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 10 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 11 evidence evidence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 12 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 13 show show VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 14 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 15 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 16 transfer transfer NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 17 among among IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 18 strains strain NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 19 happens happen VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 20 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 21 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 22 method method NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 23 rather rather RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 24 than than IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 25 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 26 genetic genetic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 27 recombination recombination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 28 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 29 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 30 affect affect VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 31 all all DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 32 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 33 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 204 34 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 1 At at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 2 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 3 other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 4 extreme extreme NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 5 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 7 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 8 imagine imagine VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 9 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 10 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 11 islands island NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 12 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 13 similar similar JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 14 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 15 other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 16 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 17 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 18 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 19 scored score VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 20 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 21 alien alien JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 22 59 59 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 23 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 24 could could MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 25 move move VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 26 between between IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 27 species specie NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 28 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 29 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 30 other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 31 mechanism mechanism NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 33 perhaps perhaps RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 34 TRANSFORMATION transformation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 35 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 36 CONJUGATION conjugation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 38 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 39 become become VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 40 inserted insert VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 41 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 42 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 43 recipient recipient NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 44 chromosome chromosome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 45 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 46 transposition transposition NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 47 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 48 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 49 other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 50 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 51 islands island NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 52 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 53 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 54 potentially potentially RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 55 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 56 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 57 related relate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 205 58 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 1 So so RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 3 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 4 framework framework NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 5 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 6 incisive incisive JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 7 studies study NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 8 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 9 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 10 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 11 mediated mediate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 12 diseases disease NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 13 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 14 developed develop VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 15 52 52 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 16 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 17 53 53 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 206 18 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 2 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 3 easier easy JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 4 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 5 guess guess VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 6 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 7 future future NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 8 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 9 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 10 mechanistic mechanistic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 11 studies study NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 12 than than IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 13 that that DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 14 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 15 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 16 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 17 studies study NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 18 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 19 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 20 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 21 many many JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 22 lines line NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 23 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 24 inquiry inquiry NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 25 converge converge VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 207 26 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 1 Even even RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 2 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 3 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 4 vantage vantage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 5 point point NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 6 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 7 wholegenome wholegenome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 8 sequencing sequencing NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 9 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 10 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 11 prevalence prevalence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 12 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 13 lysogeny lysogeny NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 14 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 15 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 16 underestimated underestimate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 17 because because IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 18 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 19 identification identification NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 20 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 21 prophages prophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 22 requires require VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 23 homology homology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 24 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 25 known know VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 26 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 208 27 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 2 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 3 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 4 long long RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 5 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 6 known know VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 7 that that IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 8 complete complete JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 9 prophages prophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 10 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 11 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 12 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 13 able able JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 14 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 15 generate generate VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 16 plaque plaque NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 17 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 18 forming form VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 19 particles particle NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 20 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 21 frequently frequently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 22 deteriorate deteriorate VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 23 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 24 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 26 defective defective JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 28 prophages prophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 29 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 30 changes change NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 31 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 32 range range VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 33 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 34 point point NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 35 mutations mutation NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 36 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 37 extensive extensive JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 38 deletions deletion NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 39 and/or and/or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 40 insertions insertion NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 209 41 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 1 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 2 particular particular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 3 type type NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 5 defective defective JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 6 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 7 -specialized -specialize VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 8 transducing transducing NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 9 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 10 -can -can TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 11 result result VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 12 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 13 faulty faulty JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 14 excision excision NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 15 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 16 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 17 chromosome chromosome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 18 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 19 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 20 replaces replace VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 21 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 22 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 23 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 24 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 25 host host NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 26 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 27 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 28 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 29 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 30 insertion insertion NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 31 site site NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 32 54 54 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 210 33 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 211 1 This this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 211 2 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 211 3 one one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 211 4 mechanism mechanism NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 211 5 whereby whereby WRB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 211 6 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 211 7 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 211 8 have have VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 211 9 acquired acquire VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 211 10 toxin toxin NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 211 11 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 211 12 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 1 Another another DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 2 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 3 Recent recent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 4 examples example NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 5 include include VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 6 fusions fusion NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 7 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 8 domains domain NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 9 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 10 surface surface NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 11 antigens antigen NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 12 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 13 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 14 human human JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 15 pathogen pathogen NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 16 Neisseria Neisseria NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 17 meningitidis meningitidis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 18 onto onto IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 19 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 20 surface surface NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 21 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 22 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 23 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 24 T4 T4 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 25 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 26 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 27 possible possible JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 28 use use NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 29 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 30 vaccine vaccine NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 31 construction construction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 32 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 33 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 34 fusions fusion NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 35 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 36 random random JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 37 five five CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 38 amino amino NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 39 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 40 acid acid NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 41 sequences sequence NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 42 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 43 identify identify VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 44 possible possible JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 45 binding bind VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 46 partners partner NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 47 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 48 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 49 nuclease nuclease NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 50 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 51 cuts cut VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 52 T4 T4 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 53 DNA DNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 54 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 55 packaging packaging NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 56 48 48 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 57 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 58 49 49 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 212 59 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 2 was be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 3 discovered discover VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 4 early early RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 5 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 6 that that DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 7 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 8 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 9 important important JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 10 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 11 diseases disease NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 12 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 13 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 14 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 15 diphtheria diphtheria NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 16 50 50 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 17 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 18 botulism botulism NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 19 51 51 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 20 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 21 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 22 depends depend VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 23 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 24 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 25 presence presence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 26 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 27 certain certain JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 28 prophages prophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 29 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 30 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 31 generally generally RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 32 encode encode VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 33 toxins toxin NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 213 34 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 1 Knowledge knowledge NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 2 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 3 accumulated accumulate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 4 gradually gradually RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 5 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 6 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 8 area area NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 9 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 10 recently recently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 11 blossomed blossom VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 12 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 13 at at RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 14 least least RBS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 15 two two CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 16 reasons reason NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 214 17 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 1 First first RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 3 advances advance NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 4 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 5 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 6 cell cell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 7 biology biology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 8 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 9 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 10 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 11 regulation regulation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 12 allow allow VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 13 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 14 more more RBR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 15 profound profound JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 16 understanding understanding NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 17 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 18 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 19 interaction interaction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 20 between between IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 21 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 22 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 23 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 24 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 25 human human JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 26 cell cell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 215 27 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 1 Second second JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 3 whole whole JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 4 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 5 genome genome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 6 sequencing sequencing NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 7 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 8 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 9 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 10 has have VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 11 disclosed disclose VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 12 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 13 prevalence prevalence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 14 not not RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 15 only only RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 16 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 17 prophages prophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 18 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 19 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 20 also also RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 21 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 22 Glossary Glossary NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 23 ANALOGUES analogue NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 24 Genes Genes NNPS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 26 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 28 products product NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 30 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 31 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 32 not not RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 33 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 34 common common JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 35 ancestry ancestry NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 36 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 37 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 38 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 39 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 40 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 41 functions function NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 216 42 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 217 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 217 2 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 217 3 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 217 4 mediated mediate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 217 5 prevention prevention NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 217 6 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 217 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 217 8 termination termination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 217 9 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 217 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 217 11 synthesis synthesis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 217 12 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 218 1 BISTABLE BISTABLE NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 219 1 Having have VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 219 2 two two CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 219 3 steady steady JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 219 4 states state NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 219 5 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 219 6 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 219 7 stable stable JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 219 8 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 219 9 small small JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 219 10 fluctuations fluctuation NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 219 11 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 220 1 COLIPHAGE COLIPHAGE NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 220 2 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 220 3 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 220 4 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 220 5 infects infect VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 220 6 Escherichia escherichia NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 220 7 coli coli NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 220 8 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 220 9 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 221 1 CONJUGATION CONJUGATION NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 2 intercellular intercellular JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 3 transfer transfer NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 5 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 6 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 7 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 8 mediated mediate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 9 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 10 pili pili NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 11 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 12 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 13 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 14 surface surface NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 15 appendages appendage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 16 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 17 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 18 encoded encode VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 19 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 20 certain certain JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 21 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 22 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 23 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 24 transposons transposon NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 222 25 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 1 HETERODUPLEX HETERODUPLEX NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 2 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 3 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 4 molecule molecule NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 5 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 6 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 7 formed form VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 8 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 9 base base NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 10 pairing pairing NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 11 between between IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 12 strands strand NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 13 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 14 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 15 derived derive VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 16 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 17 two two CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 18 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 19 molecules molecule NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 20 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 21 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 22 not not RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 23 identical identical JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 24 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 25 sequence sequence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 223 26 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 1 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 2 point point NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 3 at at IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 4 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 6 strands strand NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 7 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 8 two two CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 9 double double RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 10 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 11 stranded strand VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 12 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 13 molecules molecule NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 14 exchange exchange NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 15 partners partner NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 16 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 17 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 18 occurs occur VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 19 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 20 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 21 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 22 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 23 genetic genetic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 24 recombination recombination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 224 25 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 1 HOMOLOGUES HOMOLOGUES NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 2 Genes Genes NNPS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 4 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 6 products product NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 8 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 9 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 10 descended descend VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 11 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 12 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 13 common common JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 14 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 15 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 225 16 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 226 1 INTASOME INTASOME NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 227 1 An an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 227 2 assemblage assemblage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 227 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 227 4 integrase integrase NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 227 5 molecules molecule NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 227 6 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 227 7 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 227 8 bound bind VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 227 9 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 227 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 227 11 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 227 12 substrate substrate NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 227 13 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 228 1 LAMBDOID LAMBDOID NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 229 1 Belonging belong VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 229 2 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 229 3 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 229 4 group group NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 229 5 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 229 6 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 229 7 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 229 8 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 229 9 related relate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 229 10 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 229 11 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 229 12 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 230 1 LIGAND LIGAND NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 230 2 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 230 3 molecule molecule NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 230 4 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 230 5 binds bind VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 230 6 non non JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 230 7 - - NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 230 8 covalently covalently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 230 9 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 230 10 another another DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 230 11 type type NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 230 12 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 230 13 molecule molecule NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 230 14 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 1 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 2 bacterium bacterium NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 3 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 4 harbours harbour VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 5 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 6 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 7 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 8 latent latent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 9 form form NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 10 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 11 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 12 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 14 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 15 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 16 activated activate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 17 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 18 produce produce VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 19 infectious infectious JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 20 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 21 particles particle NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 231 22 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 1 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 2 group group NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 3 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 4 contains contain VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 5 all all PDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 6 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 7 organisms organism NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 8 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 9 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 10 descended descend VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 11 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 12 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 13 common common JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 14 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 15 ancestor ancestor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 232 16 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 233 1 ORTHOLOGUE ORTHOLOGUE NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 2 form form NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 4 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 5 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 6 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 7 one one CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 8 species species NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 9 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 10 corresponds correspond VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 11 most most RBS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 12 directly directly RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 13 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 14 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 15 similar similar JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 16 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 17 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 18 another another DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 19 species species NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 234 20 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 235 1 PROPHAGE PROPHAGE NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 236 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 236 2 latent latent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 236 3 form form NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 236 4 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 236 5 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 236 6 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 236 7 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 236 8 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 236 9 present present JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 236 10 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 236 11 lysogenic lysogenic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 236 12 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 236 13 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 237 1 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 237 2 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 237 3 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 237 4 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 237 5 able able JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 237 6 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 237 7 form form VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 237 8 lysogenic lysogenic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 237 9 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 237 10 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 238 1 TRANSFORMATION transformation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 2 uptake uptake NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 4 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 5 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 6 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 7 becomes become VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 8 permanently permanently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 9 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 10 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 11 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 12 genome genome NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 13 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 14 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 15 cell cell NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 239 16 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 1 An an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 2 artificial artificial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 3 construct construct NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 4 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 5 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 6 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 7 coding code VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 8 regions region NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 9 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 10 two two CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 11 different different JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 12 proteins protein NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 13 are be VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 14 juxtaposed juxtapose VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 15 so so IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 16 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 17 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 18 generate generate VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 19 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 20 single single JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 21 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 22 protein protein NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 23 product product NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 24 if if IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 25 translated translate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 240 26 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 241 1 TRANSPOSITION TRANSPOSITION NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 242 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 242 2 transposon transposon NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 242 3 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 242 4 mediated mediate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 242 5 movement movement NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 242 6 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 242 7 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 242 8 segment segment NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 242 9 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 242 10 DNA DNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 242 11 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 1 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 2 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 3 enzyme enzyme NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 4 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 5 moves move VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 6 along along IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 7 DNA DNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 8 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 9 cleave cleave VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 11 far far RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 12 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 14 specific specific JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 15 site site NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 16 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 17 entry entry NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 243 18 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 244 1 mechanism mechanism NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 244 2 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 1 In in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 2 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 3 picture picture NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 4 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 5 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 6 foreign foreign JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 7 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 8 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 9 frequently frequently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 10 found find VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 11 inside inside RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 12 prophages prophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 13 or or CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 14 defective defective JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 15 prophages prophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 16 simply simply RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 17 because because IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 18 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 19 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 20 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 21 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 22 perspective perspective NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 23 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 24 prophages prophage VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 25 constitute constitute VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 26 junk junk NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 27 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 28 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 29 disruption disruption NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 30 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 31 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 32 does do VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 33 not not RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 34 affect affect VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 35 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 36 survival survival NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 245 37 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 1 Insertion insertion NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 2 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 3 island island NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 4 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 5 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 6 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 7 pre pre JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 8 - - JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 9 existing existing JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 10 prophage prophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 11 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 12 seem seem VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 13 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 14 add add VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 15 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 16 unnecessary unnecessary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 17 step step NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 18 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 19 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 20 mechanism mechanism NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 21 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 22 origin origin NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 23 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 24 but but CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 25 that that DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 26 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 27 not not RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 28 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 29 case case NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 246 30 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 2 insertion insertion NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 4 island island NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 5 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 6 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 7 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 8 surrounding surround VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 9 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 10 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 11 related relate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 12 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 13 must must MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 14 have have VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 15 happened happen VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 16 somewhere somewhere RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 17 sometime sometime RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 18 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 19 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 21 frequently frequently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 22 now now RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 23 bears bear VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 24 no no DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 25 traces trace NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 26 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 27 known know VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 28 insertion insertion NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 29 processes process NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 30 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 31 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 32 transposition transposition NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 247 33 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 248 1 Further further JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 248 2 work work NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 248 3 should should MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 248 4 illuminate illuminate VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 248 5 two two CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 248 6 outstanding outstanding JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 248 7 questions question NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 248 8 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 1 First first RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 3 if if IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 4 this this DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 5 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 6 other other JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 7 ' ' `` cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 8 alien alien JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 9 ' ' '' cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 10 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 11 came come VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 12 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 13 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 14 distantly distantly RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 15 related related JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 16 donor donor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 17 species specie NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 18 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 19 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 20 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 21 what what WP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 22 was be VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 23 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 24 donor donor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 249 25 ? ? . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 2 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 3 genomes genome NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 4 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 5 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 6 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 7 sequenced sequence VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 8 so so RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 9 far far RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 10 provide provide VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 11 only only RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 12 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 13 handful handful NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 14 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 15 examples example NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 16 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 17 lateral lateral JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 18 transfer transfer NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 19 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 20 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 21 both both DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 22 donor donor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 23 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 24 recipient recipient NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 25 might may MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 26 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 27 inferredperhaps inferredperhap NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 28 simply simply RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 29 because because IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 30 not not RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 31 enough enough JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 32 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 33 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 34 yet yet RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 35 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 36 sequenced sequence VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 250 37 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 1 Second second RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 3 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 4 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 5 potential potential JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 6 mobility mobility NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 7 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 8 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 9 element element NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 10 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 12 present present JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 13 host host NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 14 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 15 significant significant JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 16 factor factor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 17 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 18 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 19 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 20 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 21 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 22 diseases disease NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 251 23 ? ? . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 1 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 2 scientific scientific JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 3 field field NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 4 derives derive VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 5 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 6 interest interest NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 7 less less JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 8 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 9 what what WP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 11 know know VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 12 than than IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 13 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 14 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 15 unanswered unanswered JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 16 questions question NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 17 that that WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 18 seem seem VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 19 approachable approachable JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 20 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 21 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 22 available available JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 23 methods method NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 252 24 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 2 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 3 tried try VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 4 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 5 indicate indicate VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 6 some some DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 7 such such JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 8 questions question NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 9 here here RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 10 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 11 many many JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 12 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 13 which which WDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 14 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 15 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 16 incubating incubate VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 17 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 18 years year NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 19 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 20 have have VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 21 been be VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 22 explored explore VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 23 through through IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 24 more more JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 25 lines line NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 26 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 27 evidence evidence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 28 than than IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 29 could could MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 30 be be VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 31 discussed discuss VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 253 32 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 254 1 However however RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 254 2 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 254 3 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 254 4 time time NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 254 5 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 254 6 ripe ripe JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 254 7 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 254 8 seek seek VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 254 9 definitive definitive JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 254 10 answers answer NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 254 11 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 254 12 improved improved JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 254 13 methods method NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 254 14 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 1 Future future JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 2 research research NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 3 should should MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 4 include include VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 6 Stochastic Stochastic NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 7 kinetics kinetics NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 8 analysis analysis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 9 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 10 developmental developmental JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 11 pathway pathway NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 12 bifurcation bifurcation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 13 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 14 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 15 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 16 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 17 infected infect VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 18 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 19 coli coli NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 20 cells cell NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 21 Lysogenization Lysogenization NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 22 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 23 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 24 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 25 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 255 26 . . . cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 1 I. i. LS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 2 Multiple multiple JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 3 infection infection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 4 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 5 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 6 lysogenic lysogenic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 7 response response NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 8 Long long RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 9 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 10 circulating circulate VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 11 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 12 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 13 antibacterial antibacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 14 agents agent NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 15 Bacteriophage Bacteriophage NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 16 therapy therapy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 17 Successful successful JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 18 treatment treatment NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 19 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 20 experimental experimental JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 21 E.coli E.coli NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 22 infections infection NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 23 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 24 mice mouse NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 25 using use VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 26 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 27 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 28 generally generally RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 29 superior superior JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 30 over over IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 256 31 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 1 Bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 2 therapy therapy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 3 rescues rescue VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 4 mice mouse NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 5 bacteremic bacteremic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 6 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 7 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 8 vancomycin vancomycin NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 9 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 10 resistant resistant JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 11 Enterococcus Enterococcus NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 12 faecium faecium NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 13 Phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 14 therapy therapy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 15 revisited revisit VBD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 16 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 17 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 18 population population NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 19 biology biology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 20 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 21 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 22 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 23 infection infection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 24 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 26 treatment treatment NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 27 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 28 bacteriophages bacteriophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 29 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 30 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 31 Comparative Comparative NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 257 32 genomics genomic NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 1 reveals reveal VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 2 close close JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 3 genetic genetic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 4 relationships relationship NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 5 between between IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 6 phages phage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 7 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 8 dairy dairy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 9 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 10 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 11 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 12 Streptococci streptococcus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 13 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 14 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 15 implications implication NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 16 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 17 prophage prophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 18 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 19 host host NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 20 interactions interaction NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 21 Phages Phages NNPS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 22 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 23 dairy dairy NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 24 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 25 Characterization characterization NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 26 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 27 six six CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 28 Leuconostoc Leuconostoc NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 29 fallax fallax NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 30 bacteriophages bacteriophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 31 isolated isolate VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 32 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 33 an an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 34 industrial industrial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 35 sauerkraut sauerkraut NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 36 fermentation fermentation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 37 Bacteriophagetriggered Bacteriophagetriggered NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 38 defense defense NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 39 systems system NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 40 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 41 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 42 adaptation adaptation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 43 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 44 design design NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 45 improvements improvement NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 46 Broad broad JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 47 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 48 range range NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 49 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 50 resistance resistance NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 51 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 52 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 53 thermophilus thermophilus NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 54 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 55 insertional insertional JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 56 mutagenesis mutagenesis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 57 Display display NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 58 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 59 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 60 PorA PorA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 61 peptide peptide NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 62 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 63 Neisseria Neisseria NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 64 meningitidis meningitidis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 65 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 66 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 67 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 68 T4 T4 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 69 capsid capsid NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 70 surface surface VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 71 A a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 72 bipartite bipartite JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 73 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 74 T4 T4 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 75 SOC SOC NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 76 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 77 HOC HOC NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 78 randomized randomized JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 79 peptide peptide NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 80 display display NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 81 library library NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 82 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 83 detection detection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 84 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 85 analysis analysis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 86 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 87 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 88 T4 T4 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 89 terminase terminase NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 90 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 91 gp17 gp17 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 92 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 93 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 94 late late JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 95 σ σ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 96 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 97 factor factor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 98 ( ( -LRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 99 gp55 gp55 NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 100 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 101 interaction interaction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 102 Studies study NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 103 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 104 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 105 virulence virulence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 106 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 107 bacteriophageinfected bacteriophageinfected JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 108 strains strain NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 109 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 110 Corynebacterium Corynebacterium NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 111 diphtheriae diphtheriae NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 112 Conversion conversion NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 113 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 114 toxigenicity toxigenicity NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 115 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 258 116 Clostridium Clostridium NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 1 botulinum botulinum NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 2 type type NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 3 C C NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 4 A A NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 5 satellite satellite NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 6 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 7 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 8 encoded encode VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 9 antirepressor antirepressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 10 induces induce VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 11 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 12 aggregation aggregation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 13 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 14 cholera cholera NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 15 toxin toxin NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 16 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 17 transfer transfer NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 18 Bacteriophage Bacteriophage NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 19 control control NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 20 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 21 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 22 virulence virulence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 23 Transduction transduction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 24 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 25 segregation segregation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 26 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 27 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 28 coli coli VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 29 K-12 K-12 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 30 Sequence sequence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 31 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 32 Shiga Shiga NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 33 toxin toxin NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 34 2 2 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 35 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 36 933W 933w CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 37 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 38 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 39 coli coli VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 40 0157 0157 CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 259 41 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 260 1 H7 h7 NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 260 2 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 1 Shiga Shiga NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 2 toxin toxin NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 3 as as IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 4 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 5 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 6 late late JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 7 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 8 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 9 product product NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 10 Detecting detect VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 11 alien alien JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 12 genes gene NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 13 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 14 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 15 genomes genome NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 16 Pathogenicity Pathogenicity NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 17 islands island NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 18 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 19 virulent virulent JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 20 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 21 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 22 structure structure NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 23 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 24 function function NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 25 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 26 impact impact NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 27 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 28 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 29 evolution evolution NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 30 Comparative Comparative NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 31 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 32 analysis analysis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 33 across across IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 34 diverse diverse JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 261 35 genomes genome NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 262 1 An an DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 262 2 investigation investigation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 262 3 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 262 4 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 262 5 nature nature NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 262 6 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 262 7 ultramicroscopic ultramicroscopic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 262 8 viruses virus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 2 growth growth NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 4 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 5 Bacteriophages bacteriophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 6 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 7 evolution evolution NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 8 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 9 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 10 majority majority NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 11 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 12 relationships relationship NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 13 among among IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 14 diverse diverse JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 15 bacteriophages bacteriophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 16 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 17 prophages prophage VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 18 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 19 all all PDT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 20 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 21 world world NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 22 's 's POS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 23 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 263 24 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 2 plasmid plasmid NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 3 prophage prophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 4 N15 N15 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 5 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 6 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 7 linear linear JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 8 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 9 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 10 covalently covalently RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 11 closed close VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 12 ends end NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 13 Ancient ancient JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 14 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 15 relationships relationship NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 16 Nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 17 sequence sequence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 18 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 19 coliphage coliphage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 20 HK620 HK620 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 21 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 22 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 23 evolution evolution NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 24 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 25 lambdoid lambdoid NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 26 phages phages NNPS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 27 Evolution Evolution NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 28 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 29 viral viral JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 30 structure structure NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 31 Evidence evidence NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 32 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 33 natural natural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 34 recombination recombination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 35 within within IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 36 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 37 S1 S1 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 38 gene gene NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 39 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 40 infectious infectious JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 41 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 42 virus virus NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 43 Fundamental Fundamental NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 44 Virology Virology NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 45 Viroplankton Viroplankton NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 46 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 47 viruses virus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 48 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 49 aquatic aquatic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 50 ecosystems ecosystem NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 51 Viruses virus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 52 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 53 nutrient nutrient NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 54 cycles cycle NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 55 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 56 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 57 sea sea NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 58 Dynamics dynamic NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 59 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 60 distribution distribution NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 61 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 62 cyanophages cyanophage NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 63 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 64 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 65 effect effect NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 66 on on IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 67 marine marine JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 68 Synechococcus Synechococcus NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 264 69 spp spp NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 2 significance significance NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 3 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 4 viruses virus NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 5 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 6 mortality mortality NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 7 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 8 aquatic aquatic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 9 microbial microbial JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 10 communities community NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 11 Viruses Viruses NNPS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 12 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 13 marine marine JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 14 planktonic planktonic JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 265 15 systems system NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 1 No no DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 2 syringes syrinx NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 3 please please VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 4 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 5 ejection ejection NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 6 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 7 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 8 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 9 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 10 virion virion NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 11 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 12 enzyme enzyme NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 13 driven drive VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 15 polymerasedependent polymerasedependent NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 16 mechanism mechanism NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 17 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 18 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 19 stepwise stepwise JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 20 T7 t7 NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 21 phage phage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 22 transport transport NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 23 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 24 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 25 virion virion NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 26 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 27 E. E. NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 28 coli coli NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 29 Rate rate NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 30 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 31 translocation translocation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 32 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 33 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 34 T7 t7 NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 35 DNA DNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 36 across across IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 37 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 38 membranes membrane NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 39 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 40 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 41 coli coli VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 42 Translocation translocation NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 43 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 44 specific specific JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 45 cleavage cleavage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 46 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 47 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 48 T7 t7 NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 49 DNA DNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 50 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 51 vivo vivo NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 52 by by IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 53 Eco Eco NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 54 KI KI NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 55 Structure Structure NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 56 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 57 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 58 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 59 φ29 φ29 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 60 DNA DNA NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 61 packaging packaging NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 266 62 motor motor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 2 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 3 straight straight RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 4 φ29 φ29 NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 5 portal portal NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 6 motor motor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 7 can can MD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 8 package package VB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 9 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 10 against against IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 11 a a DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 12 large large JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 13 internal internal JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 14 force force NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 15 Swapping swap VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 16 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 17 strands strand NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 18 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 19 sensing sensing NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 20 homology homology NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 21 without without IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 22 branch branch NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 23 migration migration NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 24 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 25 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 26 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 27 site site NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 28 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 29 specific specific JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 30 recombination recombination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 31 Sitespecific Sitespecific NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 32 recombination recombination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 33 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 34 trapped trap VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 35 with with IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 36 suicide suicide NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 267 37 substrates substrate NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 1 Architectural architectural JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 2 flexibility flexibility NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 3 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 4 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 5 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 6 site site NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 7 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 8 specific specific JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 9 recombination recombination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 10 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 11 three three CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 12 alternate alternate JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 13 conformations conformation NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 14 channel channel VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 15 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 16 attL attL NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 17 site site NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 18 into into IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 19 three three CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 20 distinct distinct JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 21 pathways pathway NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 22 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 23 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 24 higher high JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 25 order order NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 26 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 27 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 28 synapsis synapsis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 29 in in IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 30 the the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 31 bent bent NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 32 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 33 L l NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 34 pathway pathway NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 35 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 36 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 37 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 38 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 39 sitespecific sitespecific JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 40 recombination recombination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 41 Site site NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 42 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 43 specific specific JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 44 photo photo NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 45 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 46 cross cross NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 47 - - JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 48 linking linking NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 49 between between IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 50 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 51 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 52 integrase integrase NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 53 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 54 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 55 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 56 recombination recombination NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 57 target target NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 58 Arm arm NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 59 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 60 site site NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 61 binding binding NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 62 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 63 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 64 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 65 integrase integrase NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 66 : : : cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 67 solution solution NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 68 structure structure NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 69 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 70 functional functional JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 71 characterization characterization NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 72 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 73 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 74 amino amino NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 75 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 76 terminal terminal NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 77 domain domain NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 78 Phage Phage NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 79 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 80 Higher high JJR cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 81 Organisms Organisms NNPS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 82 Four four CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 83 dimers dimer NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 84 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 85 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 86 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 87 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 88 bound bind VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 89 to to IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 90 two two CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 91 suitably suitably RB cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 92 spaced space VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 93 pairs pair NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 94 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 95 λ λ NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 96 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 97 operators operator NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 98 form form VBP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 99 octamers octamer NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 100 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 101 DNA dna NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 102 loops loop NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 103 over over IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 104 long long JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 105 distances distance NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 106 Octamerization Octamerization NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 107 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 108 λ λ NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 109 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 110 cI ci NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 111 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 112 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 113 needed need VBN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 114 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 115 effective effective JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 116 repression repression NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 117 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 118 P(RM P(RM NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 119 ) ) -RRB- cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 120 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 121 switching switch VBG cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 122 from from IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 123 lysogeny lysogeny NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 124 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 125 primary primary JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 126 self self NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 127 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 128 assembly assembly NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 129 reaction reaction NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 130 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 131 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 132 cI ci NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 133 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 134 dimers dimer NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 135 is be VBZ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 136 to to TO cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 137 octamer octamer NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 138 Control Control NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 139 of of IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 140 λ λ NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 141 - - HYPH cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 142 repressor repressor NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 268 143 synthesis synthesis NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 1 The the DT cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 2 author author NN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 3 thanks thank NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 4 D. D. NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 5 Bamford Bamford NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 6 , , , cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 7 B. B. NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 8 Weisberg Weisberg NNP cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 9 and and CC cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 10 three three CD cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 11 anonymous anonymous JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 12 reviewers reviewer NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 13 for for IN cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 14 helpful helpful JJ cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 15 suggestions suggestion NNS cord-314642-oobbdgzh 269 16 . . .