Carrel name: keyword-fip-cord Creating study carrel named keyword-fip-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-253498-w6qfzpi4.json key: cord-253498-w6qfzpi4 authors: Paltrinieri, Saverio; Cazzaniga, Stefania; Da Cunha, Nazarè Pinto; Giordano, Alessia title: Electrophoretic fractionation of creatine kinase isoenzymes and macroenzymes in clinically healthy dogs and cats and preliminary evaluation in central neurologic disease date: 2010-08-02 journal: Vet Clin Pathol DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2010.00242.x sha: doc_id: 253498 cord_uid: w6qfzpi4 file: cache/cord-271078-zyy8gx25.json key: cord-271078-zyy8gx25 authors: Sharif, Saeed; Arshad, Siti S; Hair-Bejo, Mohd; Omar, Abdul R; Zeenathul, Nazariah A; Fong, Lau S; Rahman, Nor-Alimah; Arshad, Habibah; Shamsudin, Shahirudin; Isa, Mohd-Kamarudin A title: Descriptive distribution and phylogenetic analysis of feline infectious peritonitis virus isolates of Malaysia date: 2010-01-06 journal: Acta Vet Scand DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-52-1 sha: doc_id: 271078 cord_uid: zyy8gx25 file: cache/cord-268492-0rbmqarx.json key: cord-268492-0rbmqarx authors: Alberer, Martin; von Both, Ulrich title: Cats and kids: how a feline disease may help us unravel COVID-19 associated paediatric hyperinflammatory syndrome date: 2020-09-02 journal: Infection DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01515-3 sha: doc_id: 268492 cord_uid: 0rbmqarx file: cache/cord-254375-otj044by.json key: cord-254375-otj044by authors: Paltrinieri, S; Cammarata, M.Parodi; Cammarata, G; Comazzi, S title: Some aspects of humoral and cellular immunity in naturally occuring feline infectious peritonitis date: 1998-10-23 journal: Vet Immunol Immunopathol DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00155-x sha: doc_id: 254375 cord_uid: otj044by file: cache/cord-021452-9rukc80y.json key: cord-021452-9rukc80y authors: Bergman, Robert L. title: Miscellaneous Spinal Cord Diseases date: 2009-05-15 journal: Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine DOI: 10.1016/b0-72-160423-4/50054-8 sha: doc_id: 21452 cord_uid: 9rukc80y file: cache/cord-273424-iz1vat9p.json key: cord-273424-iz1vat9p authors: Ceciliani, Fabrizio; Grossi, Claudia; Giordano, Alessia; Pocacqua, Vanessa; Paltrinieri, Saverio title: Decreased sialylation of the acute phase protein α1-acid glycoprotein in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) date: 2004-04-12 journal: Vet Immunol Immunopathol DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.02.003 sha: doc_id: 273424 cord_uid: iz1vat9p file: cache/cord-284963-p0y5rrpb.json key: cord-284963-p0y5rrpb authors: Kipar, Anja; Meli, Marina L.; Failing, Klaus; Euler, Tatjana; Gomes-Keller, Maria A.; Schwartz, Dirk; Lutz, Hans; Reinacher, Manfred title: Natural feline coronavirus infection: Differences in cytokine patterns in association with the outcome of infection date: 2006-08-15 journal: Vet Immunol Immunopathol DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.02.004 sha: doc_id: 284963 cord_uid: p0y5rrpb file: cache/cord-276617-chgjpg0v.json key: cord-276617-chgjpg0v authors: Takano, Tomomi; Azuma, Natsuko; Hashida, Yoshikiyo; Satoh, Ryoichi; Hohdatsu, Tsutomu title: B-cell activation in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) by FIP-virus-induced B-cell differentiation/survival factors date: 2008-11-30 journal: Arch Virol DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0265-9 sha: doc_id: 276617 cord_uid: chgjpg0v file: cache/cord-266155-hf3retap.json key: cord-266155-hf3retap authors: Addie, Diane D.; Curran, Sheryl; Bellini, Flora; Crowe, Ben; Sheehan, Emily; Ukrainchuk, Lesya; Decaro, Nicola title: Oral Mutian®X stopped faecal feline coronavirus shedding by naturally infected cats date: 2020-06-30 journal: Research in Veterinary Science DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.02.012 sha: doc_id: 266155 cord_uid: hf3retap file: cache/cord-264315-3hum7rqm.json key: cord-264315-3hum7rqm authors: Paltrinieri, S; Grieco, V; Comazzi, S; Cammarata Parodi, M title: Laboratory profiles in cats with different pathological and immunohistochemical findings due to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) date: 2001-09-30 journal: Journal of Feline Medicine & Surgery DOI: 10.1053/jfms.2001.0126 sha: doc_id: 264315 cord_uid: 3hum7rqm file: cache/cord-317411-6lc0wpoo.json key: cord-317411-6lc0wpoo authors: Giori, L.; Giordano, A.; Giudice, C.; Grieco, V.; Paltrinieri, S. title: Performances of different diagnostic tests for feline infectious peritonitis in challenging clinical cases date: 2011-02-21 journal: J Small Anim Pract DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01042.x sha: doc_id: 317411 cord_uid: 6lc0wpoo file: cache/cord-023121-hewbl5yu.json key: cord-023121-hewbl5yu authors: Parodi, M. Cammarata; Cammarata, G.; Paltrinieri, S.; Lavazza, A.; Ape, F. title: Using direct immunofluorescence to detect coronaviruses in peritoneal in peritoneal and pleural effusions date: 2008-04-10 journal: J Small Anim Pract DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1993.tb02591.x sha: doc_id: 23121 cord_uid: hewbl5yu file: cache/cord-285335-agm4zbcx.json key: cord-285335-agm4zbcx authors: Kennedy, Melissa; Boedeker, Nancy; Gibbs, Pam; Kania, Stephen title: Deletions in the 7a ORF of feline coronavirus associated with an epidemic of feline infectious peritonitis date: 2001-08-08 journal: Vet Microbiol DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00354-6 sha: doc_id: 285335 cord_uid: agm4zbcx file: cache/cord-306829-88nihy7q.json key: cord-306829-88nihy7q authors: Sharif, Saeed; Arshad, Siti Suri; Hair-Bejo, Mohd; Omar, Abdul Rahman; Zeenathul, Nazariah Allaudin; Alazawy, Amer title: Diagnostic Methods for Feline Coronavirus: A Review date: 2010-07-28 journal: Vet Med Int DOI: 10.4061/2010/809480 sha: doc_id: 306829 cord_uid: 88nihy7q file: cache/cord-270414-gh9agf4x.json key: cord-270414-gh9agf4x authors: Fischer, Y.; Ritz, S.; Weber, K.; Sauter‐Louis, C.; Hartmann, K. title: Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study of the Effect of Propentofylline on Survival Time and Quality of Life of Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis date: 2011-10-12 journal: J Vet Intern Med DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00806.x sha: doc_id: 270414 cord_uid: gh9agf4x file: cache/cord-324530-tac1unnp.json key: cord-324530-tac1unnp authors: André, Nicole M; Cossic, Brieuc; Davies, Emma; Miller, Andrew D; Whittaker, Gary R title: Distinct mutation in the feline coronavirus spike protein cleavage activation site in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis-associated meningoencephalomyelitis date: 2019-06-26 journal: JFMS Open Rep DOI: 10.1177/2055116919856103 sha: doc_id: 324530 cord_uid: tac1unnp file: cache/cord-331045-i33nr27j.json key: cord-331045-i33nr27j authors: Addie, Diane D. title: Feline coronavirus – that enigmatic little critter date: 2003-11-13 journal: Vet J DOI: 10.1016/s1090-0233(03)00083-2 sha: doc_id: 331045 cord_uid: i33nr27j file: cache/cord-308537-i6um5iu2.json key: cord-308537-i6um5iu2 authors: Hoskins, Johnny D. title: Coronavirus Infection in Cats date: 1993-01-31 journal: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(93)50001-3 sha: doc_id: 308537 cord_uid: i6um5iu2 file: cache/cord-258374-qht98q0l.json key: cord-258374-qht98q0l authors: Takano, Tomomi; Azuma, Natsuko; Satoh, Miyuki; Toda, Ayako; Hashida, Yoshikiyo; Satoh, Ryoichi; Hohdatsu, Tsutomu title: Neutrophil survival factors (TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF) produced by macrophages in cats infected with feline infectious peritonitis virus contribute to the pathogenesis of granulomatous lesions date: 2009-04-03 journal: Arch Virol DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0371-3 sha: doc_id: 258374 cord_uid: qht98q0l file: cache/cord-304616-k92fa15l.json key: cord-304616-k92fa15l authors: Izes, Aaron M.; Kimble, Benjamin; Norris, Jacqueline M.; Govendir, Merran title: Assay validation and determination of in vitro binding of mefloquine to plasma proteins from clinically normal and FIP-affected cats date: 2020-08-05 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236754 sha: doc_id: 304616 cord_uid: k92fa15l file: cache/cord-323805-9n63ms3c.json key: cord-323805-9n63ms3c authors: Pedersen, Niels C.; Liu, Hongwei; Gandolfi, Barbara; Lyons, Leslie A. title: The influence of age and genetics on natural resistance to experimentally induced feline infectious peritonitis date: 2014-11-15 journal: Vet Immunol Immunopathol DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.09.001 sha: doc_id: 323805 cord_uid: 9n63ms3c file: cache/cord-319685-dw0qsl4s.json key: cord-319685-dw0qsl4s authors: Porter, Emily; Tasker, Séverine; Day, Michael J; Harley, Ross; Kipar, Anja; Siddell, Stuart G; Helps, Christopher R title: Amino acid changes in the spike protein of feline coronavirus correlate with systemic spread of virus from the intestine and not with feline infectious peritonitis date: 2014-04-25 journal: Vet Res DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-45-49 sha: doc_id: 319685 cord_uid: dw0qsl4s file: cache/cord-023034-j8zwcfys.json key: cord-023034-j8zwcfys authors: Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.; Horzinek, Marian C.; Wirahadiredja, R. M. S. title: Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus: II. Propagation in Suckling Mouse Brain date: 2010-05-13 journal: J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1978.tb01683.x sha: doc_id: 23034 cord_uid: j8zwcfys file: cache/cord-308557-mvu97jsu.json key: cord-308557-mvu97jsu authors: Pesteanu-Somogyi, Loretta D.; Radzai, Christina; Pressler, Barrak M. title: Prevalence of feline infectious peritonitis in specific cat breeds() date: 2005-07-01 journal: J Feline Med Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2005.04.003 sha: doc_id: 308557 cord_uid: mvu97jsu file: cache/cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.json key: cord-283202-5fq1wxz8 authors: Kent, Marc title: The cat with neurological manifestations of systemic disease. Key conditions impacting on the CNS date: 2009-05-31 journal: Journal of Feline Medicine & Surgery DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2009.03.007 sha: doc_id: 283202 cord_uid: 5fq1wxz8 file: cache/cord-295491-zlah6u5s.json key: cord-295491-zlah6u5s authors: Günther, Sonja; Felten, Sandra; Wess, Gerhard; Hartmann, Katrin; Weber, Karin title: Detection of feline Coronavirus in effusions of cats with and without feline infectious peritonitis using loop-mediated isothermal amplification date: 2018-03-11 journal: J Virol Methods DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.03.003 sha: doc_id: 295491 cord_uid: zlah6u5s file: cache/cord-322317-wsagoy52.json key: cord-322317-wsagoy52 authors: Stranieri, Angelica; Scavone, Donatella; Paltrinieri, Saverio; Giordano, Alessia; Bonsembiante, Federico; Ferro, Silvia; Gelain, Maria Elena; Meazzi, Sara; Lauzi, Stefania title: Concordance between Histology, Immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis date: 2020-10-18 journal: Pathogens DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100852 sha: doc_id: 322317 cord_uid: wsagoy52 file: cache/cord-323932-l14sjufm.json key: cord-323932-l14sjufm authors: Ishida, T; Shibanai, A; Tanaka, S; Uchida, K; Mochizuki, M title: Use of recombinant feline interferon and glucocorticoid in the treatment of feline infectious peritonitis date: 2004-02-25 journal: J Feline Med Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2003.08.011 sha: doc_id: 323932 cord_uid: l14sjufm file: cache/cord-302161-ytr7ds8i.json key: cord-302161-ytr7ds8i authors: Lutz, Mirjam; Steiner, Aline R.; Cattori, Valentino; Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina; Lutz, Hans; Kipar, Anja; Meli, Marina L. title: FCoV Viral Sequences of Systemically Infected Healthy Cats Lack Gene Mutations Previously Linked to the Development of FIP date: 2020-07-24 journal: Pathogens DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080603 sha: doc_id: 302161 cord_uid: ytr7ds8i file: cache/cord-315094-pzixgqcy.json key: cord-315094-pzixgqcy authors: Benetka, Viviane; Kübber-Heiss, Anna; Kolodziejek, Jolanta; Nowotny, Norbert; Hofmann-Parisot, Margarete; Möstl, Karin title: Prevalence of feline coronavirus types I and II in cats with histopathologically verified feline infectious peritonitis date: 2004-03-26 journal: Vet Microbiol DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.07.010 sha: doc_id: 315094 cord_uid: pzixgqcy file: cache/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.json key: cord-022203-t2f0vr1w authors: Dowers, Kristy L; Lappin, Michael R title: The pyrexic cat date: 2009-05-15 journal: Problem-Based Feline Medicine DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-2488-7.50024-7 sha: doc_id: 22203 cord_uid: t2f0vr1w file: cache/cord-287157-6rwevq39.json key: cord-287157-6rwevq39 authors: Kiss, I.; Poland, A.M.; Pedersen, N.C. title: Disease outcome and cytokine responses in cats immunized with an avirulent feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)-UCD1 and challenge-exposed with virulent FIPV-UCD8 date: 2004-02-25 journal: J Feline Med Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2003.08.009 sha: doc_id: 287157 cord_uid: 6rwevq39 file: cache/cord-336730-hqgwj8vs.json key: cord-336730-hqgwj8vs authors: Fehr, Daniela; Holznagel, Edgar; Bolla, Stefania; Hauser, Beat; Herrewegh, Arnold A.P.M.; Horzinek, Marian C.; Lutz, Hans title: Placebo-controlled evaluation of a modified life virus vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis: safety and efficacy under field conditions date: 1997-07-31 journal: Vaccine DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00006-6 sha: doc_id: 336730 cord_uid: hqgwj8vs file: cache/cord-313439-cadyykks.json key: cord-313439-cadyykks authors: Felten, Sandra; Hartmann, Katrin title: Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis: A Review of the Current Literature date: 2019-11-15 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v11111068 sha: doc_id: 313439 cord_uid: cadyykks file: cache/cord-281179-k7630is6.json key: cord-281179-k7630is6 authors: Brown, Meredith A. title: Genetic determinants of pathogenesis by feline infectious peritonitis virus date: 2011-10-15 journal: Vet Immunol Immunopathol DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.021 sha: doc_id: 281179 cord_uid: k7630is6 file: cache/cord-336639-jaue41mv.json key: cord-336639-jaue41mv authors: Simons, Fermin A.; Vennema, Harry; Rofina, Jaime E.; Pol, Jan M.; Horzinek, Marian C.; Rottier, Peter J.M.; Egberink, Herman F. title: A mRNA PCR for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis date: 2004-12-21 journal: J Virol Methods DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.11.012 sha: doc_id: 336639 cord_uid: jaue41mv file: cache/cord-335434-lgvoethn.json key: cord-335434-lgvoethn authors: Cannon, Martha .J.; Silkstone, Malcolm A.; Kipar, Anja M. title: Cutaneous lesions associated with coronavirus-induced vasculitis in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis and concurrent feline immunodeficiency virus infection date: 2005-02-12 journal: J Feline Med Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2004.12.001 sha: doc_id: 335434 cord_uid: lgvoethn file: cache/cord-348746-yaf61cmx.json key: cord-348746-yaf61cmx authors: Foley, Janet E.; Leutenegger, Christian title: A Review of Coronavirus Infection in the Central Nervous System of Cats and Mice date: 2008-06-28 journal: J Vet Intern Med DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2001.tb01572.x sha: doc_id: 348746 cord_uid: yaf61cmx file: cache/cord-329866-io9fvy58.json key: cord-329866-io9fvy58 authors: Lorusso, Eleonora; Mari, Viviana; Losurdo, Michele; Lanave, Gianvito; Trotta, Adriana; Dowgier, Giulia; Colaianni, Maria Loredana; Zatelli, Andrea; Elia, Gabriella; Buonavoglia, Domenico; Decaro, Nicola title: Discrepancies between feline coronavirus antibody and nucleic acid detection in effusions of cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis date: 2019-08-31 journal: Research in Veterinary Science DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.10.004 sha: doc_id: 329866 cord_uid: io9fvy58 file: cache/cord-351955-9l4786lb.json key: cord-351955-9l4786lb authors: Pedersen, Niels C.; Liu, Hongwei; Dodd, Kimberly A.; Pesavento, Patricia A. title: Significance of Coronavirus Mutants in Feces and Diseased Tissues of Cats Suffering from Feline Infectious Peritonitis date: 2009-08-26 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v1020166 sha: doc_id: 351955 cord_uid: 9l4786lb file: cache/cord-336332-9d1h68mi.json key: cord-336332-9d1h68mi authors: Paltrinieri, Saverio; Ceciliani, Fabrizio; Gabanti, Elisa; Sironi, Giuseppe; Giordano, Alessia; Addie, Diane title: Expression patterns in feline blood and tissues of α(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and of an AGP-related protein (AGPrP) date: 2003 journal: Comp Clin Path DOI: 10.1007/s00580-003-0489-8 sha: doc_id: 336332 cord_uid: 9d1h68mi file: cache/cord-327352-cbnjsrmt.json key: cord-327352-cbnjsrmt authors: Kipar, A; Bellmann, S; Kremendahl, J; Köhler, K; Reinacher, M title: Cellular composition, coronavirus antigen expression and production of specific antibodies in lesions in feline infectious peritonitis date: 1998-10-23 journal: Vet Immunol Immunopathol DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00158-5 sha: doc_id: 327352 cord_uid: cbnjsrmt file: cache/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.json key: cord-022555-a7ie82fs authors: nan title: Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity date: 2011-12-05 journal: The Cat DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0660-4.00023-5 sha: doc_id: 22555 cord_uid: a7ie82fs file: cache/cord-014527-nvzfpntu.json key: cord-014527-nvzfpntu authors: nan title: Research Communications of the 25th ECVIM‐CA Congress date: 2015-11-09 journal: J Vet Intern Med DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13647 sha: doc_id: 14527 cord_uid: nvzfpntu Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-fip-cord === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 89882 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323932-l14sjufm author: Ishida, T title: Use of recombinant feline interferon and glucocorticoid in the treatment of feline infectious peritonitis date: 2004-02-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323932-l14sjufm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323932-l14sjufm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-323932-l14sjufm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335434-lgvoethn author: Cannon, Martha .J. title: Cutaneous lesions associated with coronavirus-induced vasculitis in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis and concurrent feline immunodeficiency virus infection date: 2005-02-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335434-lgvoethn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335434-lgvoethn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335434-lgvoethn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268492-0rbmqarx author: Alberer, Martin title: Cats and kids: how a feline disease may help us unravel COVID-19 associated paediatric hyperinflammatory syndrome date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268492-0rbmqarx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268492-0rbmqarx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268492-0rbmqarx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331045-i33nr27j author: Addie, Diane D. title: Feline coronavirus – that enigmatic little critter date: 2003-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331045-i33nr27j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331045-i33nr27j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331045-i33nr27j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023121-hewbl5yu author: Parodi, M. Cammarata title: Using direct immunofluorescence to detect coronaviruses in peritoneal in peritoneal and pleural effusions date: 2008-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023121-hewbl5yu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023121-hewbl5yu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-023121-hewbl5yu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023034-j8zwcfys author: Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E. title: Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus: II. Propagation in Suckling Mouse Brain date: 2010-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023034-j8zwcfys.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023034-j8zwcfys.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-023034-j8zwcfys.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324530-tac1unnp author: André, Nicole M title: Distinct mutation in the feline coronavirus spike protein cleavage activation site in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis-associated meningoencephalomyelitis date: 2019-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324530-tac1unnp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324530-tac1unnp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324530-tac1unnp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271078-zyy8gx25 author: Sharif, Saeed title: Descriptive distribution and phylogenetic analysis of feline infectious peritonitis virus isolates of Malaysia date: 2010-01-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271078-zyy8gx25.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271078-zyy8gx25.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271078-zyy8gx25.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295491-zlah6u5s author: Günther, Sonja title: Detection of feline Coronavirus in effusions of cats with and without feline infectious peritonitis using loop-mediated isothermal amplification date: 2018-03-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295491-zlah6u5s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295491-zlah6u5s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295491-zlah6u5s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308557-mvu97jsu author: Pesteanu-Somogyi, Loretta D. title: Prevalence of feline infectious peritonitis in specific cat breeds() date: 2005-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308557-mvu97jsu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308557-mvu97jsu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308557-mvu97jsu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285335-agm4zbcx author: Kennedy, Melissa title: Deletions in the 7a ORF of feline coronavirus associated with an epidemic of feline infectious peritonitis date: 2001-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285335-agm4zbcx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285335-agm4zbcx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285335-agm4zbcx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336639-jaue41mv author: Simons, Fermin A. title: A mRNA PCR for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis date: 2004-12-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336639-jaue41mv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336639-jaue41mv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336639-jaue41mv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281179-k7630is6 author: Brown, Meredith A. title: Genetic determinants of pathogenesis by feline infectious peritonitis virus date: 2011-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281179-k7630is6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281179-k7630is6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281179-k7630is6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329866-io9fvy58 author: Lorusso, Eleonora title: Discrepancies between feline coronavirus antibody and nucleic acid detection in effusions of cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis date: 2019-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329866-io9fvy58.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329866-io9fvy58.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-329866-io9fvy58.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304616-k92fa15l author: Izes, Aaron M. title: Assay validation and determination of in vitro binding of mefloquine to plasma proteins from clinically normal and FIP-affected cats date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304616-k92fa15l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304616-k92fa15l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304616-k92fa15l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317411-6lc0wpoo author: Giori, L. title: Performances of different diagnostic tests for feline infectious peritonitis in challenging clinical cases date: 2011-02-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317411-6lc0wpoo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317411-6lc0wpoo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317411-6lc0wpoo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258374-qht98q0l author: Takano, Tomomi title: Neutrophil survival factors (TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF) produced by macrophages in cats infected with feline infectious peritonitis virus contribute to the pathogenesis of granulomatous lesions date: 2009-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258374-qht98q0l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258374-qht98q0l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-258374-qht98q0l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306829-88nihy7q author: Sharif, Saeed title: Diagnostic Methods for Feline Coronavirus: A Review date: 2010-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306829-88nihy7q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306829-88nihy7q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306829-88nihy7q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336332-9d1h68mi author: Paltrinieri, Saverio title: Expression patterns in feline blood and tissues of α(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and of an AGP-related protein (AGPrP) date: 2003 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336332-9d1h68mi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336332-9d1h68mi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336332-9d1h68mi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287157-6rwevq39 author: Kiss, I. title: Disease outcome and cytokine responses in cats immunized with an avirulent feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)-UCD1 and challenge-exposed with virulent FIPV-UCD8 date: 2004-02-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287157-6rwevq39.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287157-6rwevq39.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287157-6rwevq39.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253498-w6qfzpi4 author: Paltrinieri, Saverio title: Electrophoretic fractionation of creatine kinase isoenzymes and macroenzymes in clinically healthy dogs and cats and preliminary evaluation in central neurologic disease date: 2010-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253498-w6qfzpi4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253498-w6qfzpi4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253498-w6qfzpi4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276617-chgjpg0v author: Takano, Tomomi title: B-cell activation in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) by FIP-virus-induced B-cell differentiation/survival factors date: 2008-11-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276617-chgjpg0v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276617-chgjpg0v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276617-chgjpg0v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264315-3hum7rqm author: Paltrinieri, S title: Laboratory profiles in cats with different pathological and immunohistochemical findings due to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) date: 2001-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264315-3hum7rqm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264315-3hum7rqm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-264315-3hum7rqm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270414-gh9agf4x author: Fischer, Y. title: Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study of the Effect of Propentofylline on Survival Time and Quality of Life of Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis date: 2011-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270414-gh9agf4x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270414-gh9agf4x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270414-gh9agf4x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273424-iz1vat9p author: Ceciliani, Fabrizio title: Decreased sialylation of the acute phase protein α1-acid glycoprotein in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) date: 2004-04-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273424-iz1vat9p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273424-iz1vat9p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273424-iz1vat9p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327352-cbnjsrmt author: Kipar, A title: Cellular composition, coronavirus antigen expression and production of specific antibodies in lesions in feline infectious peritonitis date: 1998-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327352-cbnjsrmt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327352-cbnjsrmt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327352-cbnjsrmt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348746-yaf61cmx author: Foley, Janet E. title: A Review of Coronavirus Infection in the Central Nervous System of Cats and Mice date: 2008-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348746-yaf61cmx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348746-yaf61cmx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-348746-yaf61cmx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336730-hqgwj8vs author: Fehr, Daniela title: Placebo-controlled evaluation of a modified life virus vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis: safety and efficacy under field conditions date: 1997-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336730-hqgwj8vs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336730-hqgwj8vs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336730-hqgwj8vs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308537-i6um5iu2 author: Hoskins, Johnny D. title: Coronavirus Infection in Cats date: 1993-01-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308537-i6um5iu2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308537-i6um5iu2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-308537-i6um5iu2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323805-9n63ms3c author: Pedersen, Niels C. title: The influence of age and genetics on natural resistance to experimentally induced feline infectious peritonitis date: 2014-11-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323805-9n63ms3c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323805-9n63ms3c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-323805-9n63ms3c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266155-hf3retap author: Addie, Diane D. title: Oral Mutian®X stopped faecal feline coronavirus shedding by naturally infected cats date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266155-hf3retap.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266155-hf3retap.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266155-hf3retap.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319685-dw0qsl4s author: Porter, Emily title: Amino acid changes in the spike protein of feline coronavirus correlate with systemic spread of virus from the intestine and not with feline infectious peritonitis date: 2014-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319685-dw0qsl4s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319685-dw0qsl4s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319685-dw0qsl4s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284963-p0y5rrpb author: Kipar, Anja title: Natural feline coronavirus infection: Differences in cytokine patterns in association with the outcome of infection date: 2006-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284963-p0y5rrpb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284963-p0y5rrpb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284963-p0y5rrpb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315094-pzixgqcy author: Benetka, Viviane title: Prevalence of feline coronavirus types I and II in cats with histopathologically verified feline infectious peritonitis date: 2004-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315094-pzixgqcy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315094-pzixgqcy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315094-pzixgqcy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254375-otj044by author: Paltrinieri, S title: Some aspects of humoral and cellular immunity in naturally occuring feline infectious peritonitis date: 1998-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254375-otj044by.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254375-otj044by.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-254375-otj044by.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322317-wsagoy52 author: Stranieri, Angelica title: Concordance between Histology, Immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis date: 2020-10-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322317-wsagoy52.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322317-wsagoy52.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-322317-wsagoy52.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351955-9l4786lb author: Pedersen, Niels C. title: Significance of Coronavirus Mutants in Feces and Diseased Tissues of Cats Suffering from Feline Infectious Peritonitis date: 2009-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351955-9l4786lb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351955-9l4786lb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351955-9l4786lb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283202-5fq1wxz8 author: Kent, Marc title: The cat with neurological manifestations of systemic disease. Key conditions impacting on the CNS date: 2009-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021452-9rukc80y author: Bergman, Robert L. title: Miscellaneous Spinal Cord Diseases date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021452-9rukc80y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021452-9rukc80y.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-021452-9rukc80y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022203-t2f0vr1w author: Dowers, Kristy L title: The pyrexic cat date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302161-ytr7ds8i author: Lutz, Mirjam title: FCoV Viral Sequences of Systemically Infected Healthy Cats Lack Gene Mutations Previously Linked to the Development of FIP date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302161-ytr7ds8i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302161-ytr7ds8i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-302161-ytr7ds8i.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 90154 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022555-a7ie82fs author: nan title: Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity date: 2011-12-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-fip-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253498-w6qfzpi4 author = Paltrinieri, Saverio title = Electrophoretic fractionation of creatine kinase isoenzymes and macroenzymes in clinically healthy dogs and cats and preliminary evaluation in central neurologic disease date = 2010-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4300 sentences = 205 flesch = 46 summary = title: Electrophoretic fractionation of creatine kinase isoenzymes and macroenzymes in clinically healthy dogs and cats and preliminary evaluation in central neurologic disease Background: Information about the electrophoretic distribution of CK‐MM, CK‐MB, and CK‐BB, serum creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes that are indicators of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and brain lesions, respectively, and CK macroenzymes (macro‐CK1 and macro‐CK2) in dogs and cats with and without central neurologic disease is scant and equivocal. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe the electrophoretic distribution of CK isoenzymes and macroenzymes in healthy dogs and cats and to provide a preliminary assessment of the utility of CK enzymatic electrophoresis in dogs and cats with central neurologic disease. Conclusions: This study identified the electophoretic distribution of CK isoenzymes and macroenzymes of dogs and cats and provided encouraging data about the possible use of CK‐BB as a biomarker for canine neurologic disorders, but not for FIP. cache = ./cache/cord-253498-w6qfzpi4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253498-w6qfzpi4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271078-zyy8gx25 author = Sharif, Saeed title = Descriptive distribution and phylogenetic analysis of feline infectious peritonitis virus isolates of Malaysia date = 2010-01-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2119 sentences = 132 flesch = 53 summary = title: Descriptive distribution and phylogenetic analysis of feline infectious peritonitis virus isolates of Malaysia The descriptive distribution and phylogeny of feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) were studied in cats suspected of having feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in Malaysia. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a highly fatal disease of cats caused by generalized infection with a feline coronavirus (FCoV). Two biotypes of FCoV are described in cats: feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). In present study, a conserved region of 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) is used to detect FCoV and determine the descriptive distribution and phylogeny of local isolates in FIP-suspected cats. An enteric coronavirus infection of cats and its relationship to feline infectious peritonitis Phylogenetic analysis of feline coronavirus isolates from healthy cats in Malaysia Quasispecies composition and phylogenetic analysis of feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) in naturally infected cats Descriptive distribution and phylogenetic analysis of feline infectious peritonitis virus isolates of Malaysia cache = ./cache/cord-271078-zyy8gx25.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271078-zyy8gx25.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268492-0rbmqarx author = Alberer, Martin title = Cats and kids: how a feline disease may help us unravel COVID-19 associated paediatric hyperinflammatory syndrome date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1533 sentences = 79 flesch = 44 summary = The RCPCH and CDC have published a case definition and scientists refer to this novel but still very rare severe clinical condition in children as "paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2" (PIMS-TS). While reflecting on this syndrome and its characteristic features, some interesting similarities come to mind when comparing the clinical course of PIMS-TS cases and the specific features of a disease in cats called feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) caused by the feline coronavirus (FCoV), an alphacoronavirus [2] . On this note, it would be of great interest to see whether mutations in the viral genome, particularly in regions affecting the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2, could lead to a change in cell tropism enabling the virus to more effectively infect and replicate within human monocytes/macrophages subsequently leading to the clinical picture of PIMS-TS. cache = ./cache/cord-268492-0rbmqarx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268492-0rbmqarx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254375-otj044by author = Paltrinieri, S title = Some aspects of humoral and cellular immunity in naturally occuring feline infectious peritonitis date = 1998-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5148 sentences = 268 flesch = 45 summary = Haematology, antibody titers and serum protein electrophoresis from 48 cats (34 effusive and 14 noneffusive forms) affected with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were studied and compared with those of 20 healthy cats. Even if antibody-enhanced infection has been recently questioned (Olsen et al., 1992 (Olsen et al., , 1993 Addie et al., 1995) , many experimental results demonstrate that anti-FCoV antibodies facilitate the uptake of the virus by the macrophages (Hayashi et al., 1983; Stoddart and Scott, 1989 ; Barlough and Stoddart, 1990; Hohdatsu et al., 1994; Pedersen, 1995a) , and that immunocomplexes lead to a type III hypersensitivity reaction with disseminated intravascular coagulation and fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel's walls, responsible for the effusions (Hayashi et al., 1977 (Hayashi et al., , 1978 Pedersen and Boyle, 1980; Weiss et al., 1980; Jacobse-Geels et al., 1980; Weiss and Scott, 1981; Fenner, 1987; Pastoret and Bourtonboy, 1991; Pedersen, 1995a) . To further understand the pathogenesis of the disease, parameters indicative of the involvement of humoral immunity (total and fractioned proteins and antibody titers in serum and in effusions), and the distribution of viral antigen and immune cells in the lesions were studied in cats with spontaneous FIP. cache = ./cache/cord-254375-otj044by.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254375-otj044by.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021452-9rukc80y author = Bergman, Robert L. title = Miscellaneous Spinal Cord Diseases date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8298 sentences = 619 flesch = 48 summary = Infectious inflammatory disease is the most common categorical differential diagnosis in cats with spinal cord dysfunction. 1 Common infectious inflammatory spinal cord diseases include FIP, cryptococcosis, FeLV infection, and toxoplasmosis. 6, 7 Polioencephalomyelitis, an inflammatory disease of unknown cause, is associated with 8 per cent of cases of feline spinal cord disease 1 and may present with clinical signs of paraparesis. FIP accounts for more than half of the infectious inflammatory causes of myelitis in cats, and 16 per cent of all spinal cord diseases reported in cats. In a case series of cats with spinal cord-related signs, more than 75 per cent were younger than 2 years of age. Overall the most consistent diagnostic findings in cats with the CNS form of FIP include a positive coronavirus IgG titer in CSF, a high serum total protein concentration, and abnormalities in brain imaging. 19 Clinical signs of spinal cord dysfunction, including paraspinal hyperesthesia and paresis, have been reported in at least one case series. cache = ./cache/cord-021452-9rukc80y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021452-9rukc80y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273424-iz1vat9p author = Ceciliani, Fabrizio title = Decreased sialylation of the acute phase protein α1-acid glycoprotein in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) date = 2004-04-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3720 sentences = 213 flesch = 52 summary = In contrast, during FIP disease, fAGP underwent several modifications in the sialic acid content, including decreased expression of both α(2–6)-linked and α(2–3)-linked sialic acid (76 and 44%, respectively when compared to non-pathological feline AGP). The biological significance of AGP overexpression during FIP and its correlation with the Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 99 (2004) [229] [230] [231] [232] [233] [234] [235] [236] Abbreviations: FIP, feline infectious peritonitis; AGP, a1-acid glycoprotein; fAGP, feline a1-acid glycoprotein; FCoV, feline coronavirus; HP, haptoglobin; SleX, sialyl Lewis X; HPLC, high pressure liquid chromatography; SNAI, Sambucus nigra agglutinin; MAA, Maackia amurensis agglutinin; AAL, Aleuria aurantia lectin * Corresponding author. In the present study we used the lectin binding specificity for carbohydrates in order to gain insight into some major (branching) and minor (sialic acid content) glycan microheterogeneity of feline AGP (fAGP) purified from FIP affected cats. cache = ./cache/cord-273424-iz1vat9p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273424-iz1vat9p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284963-p0y5rrpb author = Kipar, Anja title = Natural feline coronavirus infection: Differences in cytokine patterns in association with the outcome of infection date = 2006-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6429 sentences = 314 flesch = 48 summary = The spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and bone marrow from naturally FCoV-infected cats with and without FIP and specific pathogen-free (SPF) control cats were examined for the quantity and activation state of monocytes/macrophages both by immunohistology and by quantitative real time PCR for the transcription of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage-CSF (M-CSF) and GM-CSF. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a well-known and widely distributed coronavirus (FCoV)-induced systemic disease in cats, characterised by fibrinousgranulomatous serositis with protein-rich effusions into body cavities, granulomatous-necrotising phlebitis and periphlebitis and granulomatous inflammatory lesions in several organs (Hayashi et al., 1977; Weiss and Scott, 1981; Kipar et al., 1998 Kipar et al., , 2005 . Taken together, our results indicate that IL-10 is a key cytokine in FCoV infection, ensuring an effective specific immune response, but avoiding the inflammatory processes associated with the development of FIP (Kipar et al., 2005) , by inhibiting the virus-induced macrophage activation. cache = ./cache/cord-284963-p0y5rrpb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284963-p0y5rrpb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276617-chgjpg0v author = Takano, Tomomi title = B-cell activation in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) by FIP-virus-induced B-cell differentiation/survival factors date = 2008-11-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3971 sentences = 216 flesch = 50 summary = The present study shows that: (1) the ratio of peripheral blood sIg(+) CD21(−) B-cells was higher in cats with FIP than in SPF cats, (2) the albumin-to-globulin ratio has negative correlation with the ratio of peripheral blood sIg(+) CD21(−) B-cell, (3) cells strongly expressing mRNA of the plasma cell master gene, B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1), were increased in peripheral blood in cats with FIP, (4) mRNA expression of B-cell differentiation/survival factors, IL-6, CD40 ligand, and B-cell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF), was enhanced in macrophages in cats with FIP, and (5) mRNAs of these B-cell differentiation/survival factors were overexpressed in antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)-induced macrophages. We also collected macrophages from FIP cats and measured the expression levels of the viral RNA and mRNA of B-cell differentiation/survival factors: IL-6, CD40 ligand (CD40L), and Bcell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF). cache = ./cache/cord-276617-chgjpg0v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276617-chgjpg0v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266155-hf3retap author = Addie, Diane D. title = Oral Mutian®X stopped faecal feline coronavirus shedding by naturally infected cats date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6019 sentences = 266 flesch = 60 summary = Although recombinant feline interferon omega (FeIFNω: Virbagen Omega, Virbac, France) was previously shown to reduce FCoV shedding, this is the first report to document an anti-viral that stopped the excretion of FCoV in the faeces of naturally infected cats. Results from five cats from Household E could not be included because the intervals between faecal tests left the possibility that the cats might have spontaneously stopped shedding virus, rather than Mutian X having stopped virus shedding: thus they were excluded from both treatment and control groups (Table 1) . Prior to the observational study we report here, the cattery owner (SC) discovered she could reduce coronavirus shedding in some cats using Mutian X tablets: we worked with her to optimise dose and duration of treatment for stopping virus shedding. Mutian X pills stopped faecal FCoV shedding in 29 naturally infected cats; however, four of the 29 cats required a second course of treatment before virus was eliminated. cache = ./cache/cord-266155-hf3retap.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266155-hf3retap.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264315-3hum7rqm author = Paltrinieri, S title = Laboratory profiles in cats with different pathological and immunohistochemical findings due to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) date = 2001-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3784 sentences = 170 flesch = 39 summary = Abstract Blood was collected from 55 cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and from 50 control cats in order to define whether differences in pathological findings and in distribution of feline coronaviruses (FCoV) can be associated with changes in haemograms, serum protein electrophoresis, and antibody titres. Based on the pathological findings or on the immunohistochemical distribution of viral antigen, FIP-affected cats were divided in the following groups: subacute against acute lesions; low against strong intensity of positivity; intracellular against extracellular positivities; positive against negative lymph nodes. Lymphopenia was more evident in cats with acute forms, strong intensity of positivity, extracellular antigen and negative lymph nodes. The haematological and serum protein profiles of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were in agreement with those reported in previous works (Sparkes et al 1991 , Pedersen 1995a , Paltrinieri et al 1998b . cache = ./cache/cord-264315-3hum7rqm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264315-3hum7rqm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317411-6lc0wpoo author = Giori, L. title = Performances of different diagnostic tests for feline infectious peritonitis in challenging clinical cases date = 2011-02-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3532 sentences = 154 flesch = 40 summary = Clinical findings, serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), analysis of the effusions (AE), antifeline coronavirus serology, serum concentration of α1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) and histopathology were classified as consistent, doubtful or non‐consistent with FIP. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess the results of tests recorded in vivo and at postmortem examination in doubtful cases where FIP was clinically suspected and definitely confirmed or excluded by IHC or based on complete recovery and to evaluate which test had the best sensitivity, specificity and concordance for FIP. In cats with FIP, the tests that were not consistent with or doubtful of FIP included clinical signs (3 of 8 cases), analysis of effusion (AE; 3 of 6), SPE (5 of 8), serology or PCR (4 of 5) and postmortem examination/histology (5 of 8). cache = ./cache/cord-317411-6lc0wpoo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317411-6lc0wpoo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023121-hewbl5yu author = Parodi, M. Cammarata title = Using direct immunofluorescence to detect coronaviruses in peritoneal in peritoneal and pleural effusions date = 2008-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2388 sentences = 130 flesch = 45 summary = Twenty‐one cases of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were diagnosed using a direct immunofluorescence test on cytocentrifuged pleural and peritoneal effusions from cats sampled in vivo (11 cases) and at necropsy (10 cases). In the remaining 2 1 cats, the clinical diagnosis of FIP was confirmed by pathological and histological findings and was also confirmed in 10 of these cases by a positive DIF test carried out on cryostatic sections of affected organs. A marked disagreement between the result from the DIF test on ascitic fluid and the final FIP diagnosis was found in only one case (case 11; Table 1) which at the age of four months showed clinical signs of thoracic effusions with fever. The cases where pathological entities different to FIP were identified and where the DIF test had never been positive on either the samples of the effusions or the cryostatic sections of affected organs were useful negative controls. cache = ./cache/cord-023121-hewbl5yu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023121-hewbl5yu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285335-agm4zbcx author = Kennedy, Melissa title = Deletions in the 7a ORF of feline coronavirus associated with an epidemic of feline infectious peritonitis date = 2001-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2292 sentences = 120 flesch = 55 summary = A population of Persian cats experienced an epidemic of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) over 2 years. Feline coronavirus (FCoV) genomic RNA was detected consistently in this study in biologic samples from adult cats, kittens suffering from FIP, and their siblings. Analysis of viral 7a/7b open reading frame (ORFs) were analyzed and revealed two distinct virus variants circulating in the population, one with an intact 7a ORF and one with two major deletions in the 7a ORF. Both virus variants were identified in one cat, the sire ''Dan'', as sequence analysis of clones from a single PCR from this animal revealed the presence of the 7a deletion mutant as well as the intact isolate (Dan 1 and 2 in Fig. 2 ). The sire of the majority of FIP kittens was dually infected with both virus variants as revealed by sequence analysis of cloned 7a/7b genes from this cat. cache = ./cache/cord-285335-agm4zbcx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285335-agm4zbcx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306829-88nihy7q author = Sharif, Saeed title = Diagnostic Methods for Feline Coronavirus: A Review date = 2010-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3829 sentences = 209 flesch = 48 summary = Infection with FCoV can result in a diverse range of signs from clinically inapparent infections to a highly fatal disease called feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The currently available serological tests have low specificity and sensitivity for detection of active infection and cross-react with FCoV strains of low pathogenicity, the feline enteric coronaviruses (FECV). Therefore, a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay that could determine the amount of viral mRNA in blood may be able to better differentiate FCoV-positive healthy cats from FIP cases. Detection of feline coronaviruses by culture and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of blood samples from healthy cats and cats with clinical feline infectious peritonitis Protein electrophoresis on effusions from cats as a diagnostic test for feline infectious peritonitis Detection of feline coronavirus RNA in feces, tissues, and body fluids of naturally infected cats by reverse transcriptase PCR Detection of feline coronavirus RNA in feces, tissues, and body fluids of naturally infected cats by reverse transcriptase PCR cache = ./cache/cord-306829-88nihy7q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306829-88nihy7q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270414-gh9agf4x author = Fischer, Y. title = Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study of the Effect of Propentofylline on Survival Time and Quality of Life of Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis date = 2011-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4579 sentences = 278 flesch = 54 summary = title: Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study of the Effect of Propentofylline on Survival Time and Quality of Life of Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis Several case reports can be found in the online Veterinary Information Network (http://www.VIN.com) that describe a positive effect of the methylxanthine derivative pentoxifylline (PTX) (Trental a ) on the survival time in cats with FIP. ALT alanine aminotransferase AP alkaline phosphatase CI confidence interval FCoV feline coronavirus FeLV feline leukemia virus FIP feline infectious peritonitis FIPV feline infectious peritonitis virus FIV feline immundeficiency virus IFAT immunofluorescent antibody technique PPF propentofylline PTX pentoxifylline RBC red blood cells SPSS statistical package for the social sciences TNF-a tumor necrosis factor-alpha TP total protein WBC white blood cells which cause endothelial cell damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PPF on the survival time and quality of life in cats with a confirmed diagnosis of FIP in a placebocontrolled double-blind trial. cache = ./cache/cord-270414-gh9agf4x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270414-gh9agf4x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331045-i33nr27j author = Addie, Diane D. title = Feline coronavirus – that enigmatic little critter date = 2003-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1245 sentences = 65 flesch = 57 summary = For diagnosis, clinicians use a panel of tests including FCoV serology, albumin to globulin ratio, haematology, cytology of effusion and measurement of acute phase proteins, especially a1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Present belief is that for cats to develop FIP, a mutation (more accurately -a deletion) must occur in the viral genome of non-pathogenic FCoVs (so called enteric coronaviruses) which allows the virus to replicate in macrophages (Vennema et al., 1998) . I have followed one cat with FIP over the time of treatment until death and I found that AGP and globulin levels correlated well with response to treatment and improving or worsening clinical signs, whereas repeatedly measuring FCoV antibody titre was unhelpful. Changes in some acute phase protein and immunoglobulin concentrations in cats affected by feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) or exposed to feline coronavirus infection cache = ./cache/cord-331045-i33nr27j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331045-i33nr27j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324530-tac1unnp author = André, Nicole M title = Distinct mutation in the feline coronavirus spike protein cleavage activation site in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis-associated meningoencephalomyelitis date = 2019-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2925 sentences = 169 flesch = 48 summary = title: Distinct mutation in the feline coronavirus spike protein cleavage activation site in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis-associated meningoencephalomyelitis CASE SUMMARY: This report describes a cat with chronic, progressive, non-painful, non-lateralizing multifocal neurologic clinical signs associated with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Molecular analysis of the coronavirus spike protein within the tissues identified a specific, functionally relevant amino acid change (R793M), which was only identified in tissues associated with the central nervous system (ie, brain and spinal cord). RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION: This case report describes an early presentation of a cat with primarily neurologic FIP, with molecular characterization of the virus within various tissues. 18 Molecular analysis of the viral spike protein within the tissues identified a specific, functionally relevant amino acid change (R793M), which was only identified in tissues associated with the CNS (ie, brain and spinal cord). This case report describes a young cat with neurologic FIP in which detailed clinical and molecular characterization of the associated FCoV infection was performed. cache = ./cache/cord-324530-tac1unnp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324530-tac1unnp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308537-i6um5iu2 author = Hoskins, Johnny D. title = Coronavirus Infection in Cats date = 1993-01-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5268 sentences = 330 flesch = 41 summary = Cats are susceptible to natural infection with several strains of feline coronavirus that result in either effusive and noneffusive feline infectious peritonitis or enteritis. 33 Most asymptomatic cats with positive coronavirus-antibody titers have been previously infected by strains of feline enteric coronavirus or FIP coronavirus, which usually do not cause fatal disease by natural routes of infection. The susceptibility of cats to FIP disease may involve several predisposing factors, including age at time of exposure, genetic susceptibility, physical condition, stress, presence of concurrent disease (especially feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections), challenge dose and strain of feline coronavirus, route of infection, previous sensitization with nonprotective corona virus antibodies, and cell-mediated immunocompetence. Cats are susceptible to natural infection with several strains of feline coronavirus that may result in either effusive and noneffusive FIP disease or in subclinical to severe enteritis. cache = ./cache/cord-308537-i6um5iu2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308537-i6um5iu2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258374-qht98q0l author = Takano, Tomomi title = Neutrophil survival factors (TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF) produced by macrophages in cats infected with feline infectious peritonitis virus contribute to the pathogenesis of granulomatous lesions date = 2009-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3690 sentences = 198 flesch = 45 summary = title: Neutrophil survival factors (TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF) produced by macrophages in cats infected with feline infectious peritonitis virus contribute to the pathogenesis of granulomatous lesions Furthermore, it was investigated whether macrophages, one of the target cells of FIPV infection, produce neutrophil survival factors (TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF). The neutrophil survival rates were significantly increased in the presence of the culture supernatant of macrophages infected with the mixture of FIPV and MAb 6-4-2 compared to those in the presence of other supernatants (Fig. 5) . When SPF-cat-derived alveolar macrophages were infected with a mixture of FIPV and MAb 6-4-2, the intracellular TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF mRNA levels increased (Fig. 6 ). These cytokine mRNA levels were also elevated in macrophages infected with FIPV and MAb 6-4-2, clarifying the presence of neutrophil survival factors in the macrophage culture supernatant. It was suggested that: (1) FIPV-infected macrophages release TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF in response to virus replication, and (2) these cytokines act on neutrophils and prolong their survival. cache = ./cache/cord-258374-qht98q0l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258374-qht98q0l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304616-k92fa15l author = Izes, Aaron M. title = Assay validation and determination of in vitro binding of mefloquine to plasma proteins from clinically normal and FIP-affected cats date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4208 sentences = 234 flesch = 50 summary = title: Assay validation and determination of in vitro binding of mefloquine to plasma proteins from clinically normal and FIP-affected cats As cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) demonstrate altered concentrations of plasma proteins, the proportion of mefloquine binding to plasma proteins in both clinically normal cats and FIP-affected cats was also investigated. Consequently, the aim of this study was two-fold: first, to develop and validate a high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to detect mefloquine in feline plasma, and second, to determine the in vitro plasma protein binding of mefloquine in both clinically normal and FIP-affected cats. Here, although a significant difference was found between the plasma protein binding of mefloquine in clinically normal and FIP-affected cats, due to the unknown biological variability of the assay, it is likely that this difference is equivocal. This study has validated an accurate and reliable assay to detect mefloquine in feline plasma and demonstrated that mefloquine is highly plasma protein bound in both clinically normal and FIP-affected cats. cache = ./cache/cord-304616-k92fa15l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304616-k92fa15l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323805-9n63ms3c author = Pedersen, Niels C. title = The influence of age and genetics on natural resistance to experimentally induced feline infectious peritonitis date = 2014-11-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5750 sentences = 279 flesch = 49 summary = The cats were from several studies conducted over the past 5 years, and as a result, some of them had prior exposure to feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) or avirulent FIPVs. The cats were housed under optimized conditions of nutrition, husbandry, and quarantine to eliminate most of the cofactors implicated in FIPV infection outcome and were uniformly challenge exposed to the same field strain of serotype 1 FIPV. The cats were from several studies conducted over the past 5 years, and as a result, some of them had prior exposure to feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) or avirulent FIPVs. The cats were housed under optimized conditions of nutrition, husbandry, and quarantine to eliminate most of the cofactors implicated in FIPV infection outcome and were uniformly challenge exposed to the same field strain of serotype 1 FIPV. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 73 cats that died of FIP after one or more exposures (cases) and 34 cats that survived (controls) demonstrated four significant associations after 100k permutations. cache = ./cache/cord-323805-9n63ms3c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323805-9n63ms3c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319685-dw0qsl4s author = Porter, Emily title = Amino acid changes in the spike protein of feline coronavirus correlate with systemic spread of virus from the intestine and not with feline infectious peritonitis date = 2014-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5690 sentences = 272 flesch = 58 summary = Recent evidence suggests that a mutation in the spike protein gene of feline coronavirus (FCoV), which results in an amino acid change from methionine to leucine at position 1058, may be associated with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Tissue and faecal samples collected post mortem from cats diagnosed with or without FIP were subjected to RNA extraction and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to detect FCoV RNA. Data evaluating FCoV relative copy numbers in tissue and faecal samples from cats with and without FIP were analysed using a multilevel modelling approach (MLwiN v2.27) [25] , to account for the repeated measures within cats, and a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Moreover, the majority (77%) of FCoV RNA sequences in faecal samples from cats with FIP had a methionine codon at position 1058 in the FCoV S protein gene, suggesting that these animals were shedding an enteric form of the virus. cache = ./cache/cord-319685-dw0qsl4s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319685-dw0qsl4s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023034-j8zwcfys author = Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E. title = Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus: II. Propagation in Suckling Mouse Brain date = 2010-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2273 sentences = 157 flesch = 45 summary = SUMMARY: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus multiplication was demonstrated in the brains of one‐day‐old laboratory mice using direct immunofluorescence tests. In order to determine the specificity of the observed fluorescence for FIP virus, indirect IFT were carried out in parallel on poslitive mouse brain sections (homologous reaction) and on porcine kidney cells infected with TGE virus (heterologous reaction). The conclusive experiment for establishing the FIP virus specificity of the immunofluorescence in mouse brain was performed by inoculating SPF kittens with fluorescence-positive material of the 6th mouse passage (isolation series A, Table 1 ). Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus multiplication was demonstrated in the brains of one-day-old laboratory mice using direct immunofluorescence tests. Specificity was assessed by virus reisolation, indirect immunofluorescence and reproduction of FIP after inoculation of SPF kittens using brain material from the 6th mouse passage. Specificity was assessed by virus reisolation, indirect immunofluorescence and reproduction of FIP after inoculation of SPF kittens using brain material from the 6th mouse passage. cache = ./cache/cord-023034-j8zwcfys.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023034-j8zwcfys.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308557-mvu97jsu author = Pesteanu-Somogyi, Loretta D. title = Prevalence of feline infectious peritonitis in specific cat breeds() date = 2005-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2236 sentences = 99 flesch = 50 summary = Although known that purebreed cats are more likely to develop feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), previous studies have not examined the prevalence of disease in individual breeds. Other factors that have been less commonly reported to be associated with an increased disease prevalence include season (more cases are typically diagnosed in winter), FeLV infection, an increase in factors associated with 'stress', high coronavirus antibody titer, regular introduction of new cats to a cattery, and increased frequency of coronavirus shedding (Kass and Dent 1995 , McReynolds and Macy 1997 , Foley et al 1997a , Rohrbach et al 2001 . Although the increased prevalence of FIP in purebreed cats has been previously reported, this is the first time that a predisposition of specific breeds to the development of disease has been examined (Robison et al 1971 , Rohrbach et al 2001 . cache = ./cache/cord-308557-mvu97jsu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308557-mvu97jsu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283202-5fq1wxz8 author = Kent, Marc title = The cat with neurological manifestations of systemic disease. Key conditions impacting on the CNS date = 2009-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7327 sentences = 518 flesch = 40 summary = This article reviews the clinical signs, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of four important systemic diseases with neurological consequences: feline infectious peritonitis, toxoplasmosis, hypertension and hepatic encephalopathy. A presumptive diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical signs, evidence of recent or active infection (gained via serology for immunoglobulins or immune complexes, or PCR), exclusion of other disease processes, and response to therapy. Consequently, affected cats often demonstrate signs relating to renal disease or hyperthyroidism, given the high prevalence of hypertension with these disorders. Hepatic encephalopathy is the clinical syndrome of abnormal neurological function caused by portosystemic shunting, with or without intrinsic liver disease. Use of anti-coronavirus antibody testing of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis involving the central nervous system in cats Non-invasive blood pressure measurements in cats: clinical significance of hypertension associated with chronic renal failure cache = ./cache/cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322317-wsagoy52 author = Stranieri, Angelica title = Concordance between Histology, Immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis date = 2020-10-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7552 sentences = 328 flesch = 47 summary = Histology, IHC, and nested RT-PCR (RT-nPCR) for feline coronavirus (FCoV) were performed on spleen, liver, mesenteric lymph node, kidney, large and small intestine, and lung from 14 FIP and 12 non-FIP cats. In the FIP group, the tissues that most often showed typical FIP histological lesions (Table 2) were the lung, kidney, and mesenteric lymph node, followed by the liver and spleen, while the small and large intestine were the organs less frequently affected by lesions imputable to FIP. In particular, this occurred in the same 6 cases from the non FIP group and in 15/21 FIP tissues in which histology was classified as negative and RT-nPCR was positive (spleen of cats n • 1 and 3, liver of cat n • 14, lymph nodes of cats n • 1, 2, and 14, kidney of cats n • 5, 12, and 13, small intestine of cats n • 9 and 12, large intestine of cats n • 2, 9, and 12 and lung of cat n • 14), whose histological findings have been described above. cache = ./cache/cord-322317-wsagoy52.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322317-wsagoy52.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295491-zlah6u5s author = Günther, Sonja title = Detection of feline Coronavirus in effusions of cats with and without feline infectious peritonitis using loop-mediated isothermal amplification date = 2018-03-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3795 sentences = 173 flesch = 51 summary = The aim of this study was to test two commercially available reaction mixtures in a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay to detect feline Coronavirus (FCoV) in body cavity effusions of cats with and without FIP, in order to minimize the time from sampling to obtaining results. The aim of this study was to test specificity and sensitivity of two commercially available reaction mixtures in a reverse transcription LAMP (RT-LAMP) to detect FCoV in body cavity effusions of cats with and without FIP, and to minimize the time from sampling to obtaining results. The FIP group (n = 34) included cats with a definitive diagnosis of FIP by one or more methods: All effusions of cats with FIP tested positive for FCoV by RT-PCR by a commercial laboratory, and in 26/34 samples putative disease-causing mutations could be detected. cache = ./cache/cord-295491-zlah6u5s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295491-zlah6u5s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323932-l14sjufm author = Ishida, T title = Use of recombinant feline interferon and glucocorticoid in the treatment of feline infectious peritonitis date = 2004-02-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1678 sentences = 92 flesch = 51 summary = A total of 12 clinically ill cats previously diagnosed as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were treated with a combination of recombinant feline interferon and glucocorticoid. Summary A total of 12 clinically ill cats previously diagnosed as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were treated with a combination of recombinant feline interferon and glucocorticoid. The criteria of the diagnosis included: antibiotics non-responsive chronic fever, low normal PCV values or mild non-regenerative anemia (PCV <32%; normal range 29-48%), hyperglobulinemia with electrophoretic evidence of polyclonal gammopathy, non-septic inflammatory ascites/pleural effusion (effusive) with characteristic findings, cytologic or pathologic evidence of pyogranuloma (dry-type), and FCoV serum antibody titer by an immunoperoxidase method using infected cell antigen. The maintenance therapy with the weekly doses of rFeIFN and prednisolone at 1 mg/kg PO every other day, the cat was healthy at 14 months from the diagnosis, when the treatment was terminated and the FCoV antibody was <1:100. cache = ./cache/cord-323932-l14sjufm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323932-l14sjufm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022203-t2f0vr1w author = Dowers, Kristy L title = The pyrexic cat date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8910 sentences = 761 flesch = 52 summary = Clinical signs are often non-specific and include fever, anorexia and weight loss. Gastrointestinal signs are uncommon in cats compared to dogs, and include chronic diarrhea, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and anorexia. • Dysfunction of any organ system may result from granuloma formation within the tissue of that organ, e.g., liver, kidney, spleen, intestines, lungs, etc., however, organ failure producing clinical signs only rarely occurs, and most dysfunction is only detected on biochemical tests. Clinical signs in the acute, fatal form of extraintestinal disease are caused primarily by tissue damage from the rapidly dividing tachyzoites. • Young kittens are more likely to have gastrointestinal signs, although mild clinical disease has been reported in adult cats as well. Systemic signs, which are not present in all cats, include fever, anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea and lymphadenopathy. Systemic signs such as fever, anorexia and depression are commonly reported (44% of cats) and can be seen with skin lesions. cache = ./cache/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302161-ytr7ds8i author = Lutz, Mirjam title = FCoV Viral Sequences of Systemically Infected Healthy Cats Lack Gene Mutations Previously Linked to the Development of FIP date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9906 sentences = 469 flesch = 56 summary = Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)—the deadliest infectious disease of young cats in shelters or catteries—is induced by highly virulent feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) emerging in infected hosts after mutations of less virulent FCoVs. Previous studies have shown that some mutations in the open reading frames (ORF) 3c and 7b and the spike (S) gene have implications for the development of FIP, but mainly indirectly, likely also due to their association with systemic spread. Based on the hypothesis that certain mutations are essential for the capacity of FCoVs to spread systemically, the present study investigated a cohort of systemically infected healthy carrier cats at different time points post experimental infection for the presence of a range of mutations in the genes encoding for the S protein, NSP 3abc, and NSP 7b, which have been shown to have implications for the development of FIP. cache = ./cache/cord-302161-ytr7ds8i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302161-ytr7ds8i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315094-pzixgqcy author = Benetka, Viviane title = Prevalence of feline coronavirus types I and II in cats with histopathologically verified feline infectious peritonitis date = 2004-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5537 sentences = 282 flesch = 60 summary = Investigations showed that a high percentage of cats without FIP symptoms from exposed environments were positive for FCoV infection: 39-85% were seropositive, 37-95% viremic and 73-81% excreted virus in their faeces (Addie and Jarrett, 1992b; Sparkes et al., 1992; Herrewegh et al., 1995; Foley et al., 1997a,b; Gunn-Moore et al., 1998) . The recently developed reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, using primers targeted to highly conserved regions of the viral genome (3 -UTR (untranslated region) (Herrewegh et al., 1995; Fehr et al., 1996) , or S-protein gene (Li and Scott, 1994; Gamble et al., 1997) ), which are common to all FCoV strains, became a valuable tool for the detection of FCoV nucleic acid in blood, body cavity effusions, faeces and tissue samples of infected cats. With the retrospective study presented here we investigated the prevalence of the two types of FCoVs in cats with histopathologically verified FIP using nested and seminested RT-PCR assays, with primers targeted as well to the S-protein gene. cache = ./cache/cord-315094-pzixgqcy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315094-pzixgqcy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287157-6rwevq39 author = Kiss, I. title = Disease outcome and cytokine responses in cats immunized with an avirulent feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)-UCD1 and challenge-exposed with virulent FIPV-UCD8 date = 2004-02-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3035 sentences = 154 flesch = 47 summary = authors: Kiss, I.; Poland, A.M.; Pedersen, N.C. title: Disease outcome and cytokine responses in cats immunized with an avirulent feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)-UCD1 and challenge-exposed with virulent FIPV-UCD8 Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a highly fatal disease in Felidae caused by a coronavirus and usually affects cats between 6 months and 3 years of age (reviewed by Pedersen, 1995) . Three of eight vaccinated cats (nos 522, 616, 622) developed effusive FIP within 2 weeks of challengeexposure to FIPV-UCD8, typical of classical nonenhanced disease (Pedersen and Boyle, 1980) ( Table 1) . In this study, two of eight vaccinated cats (nos 524 and 625) appeared immune to challenge-exposure with virulent FIPV-UCD8 and two (nos 623 and 624) developed non-effusive FIP (indicative of partial immunity; Pedersen, 1995) . In the presented preliminary experiment, vaccination of cats with an attenuated live strain of FIPV-UCD1 appeared to induce a degree of protection, in that two of eight cats were immune and two more developed non-effusive FIP post challenge. cache = ./cache/cord-287157-6rwevq39.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287157-6rwevq39.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336730-hqgwj8vs author = Fehr, Daniela title = Placebo-controlled evaluation of a modified life virus vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis: safety and efficacy under field conditions date = 1997-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4307 sentences = 230 flesch = 58 summary = title: Placebo-controlled evaluation of a modified life virus vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis: safety and efficacy under field conditions Abstract A modified live virus vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) was evaluated in a double blind, placebo-controlled field trial in two high-risk populations. The vaccine was found to be safe and efficacious in one population of cats that had low antibody titre against feline coronavirus (FCoV) at the time of vaccination. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a normally fatal disease of cats caused by infections with feline coronaviruses (FCoV) which are antigenically related to a respiratory coronavirus strain of man (HCV 229E), transmissible gastro-enteritis virus (TGEV) of swine and canine coronaviruses13'. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a modified live virus vaccine in a double-blind study under field conditions in two cat populations with higher risk for FIP. cache = ./cache/cord-336730-hqgwj8vs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336730-hqgwj8vs.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281179-k7630is6 author = Brown, Meredith A. title = Genetic determinants of pathogenesis by feline infectious peritonitis virus date = 2011-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3212 sentences = 169 flesch = 45 summary = Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal, immune-augmented, and progressive viral disease of cats associated with feline coronavirus (FCoV). Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal, immune-augmented, and progressive viral disease of cats associated with feline coronavirus (FCoV). Mutational transition in viral pathogenesis has been shown in HIV infection, where specific amino acid changes in the envelope gene determine which coreceptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) is used and hence virus success in cell entry (Hartley et al., 2005) . However, more recent in vitro studies of cathepsin B and cathepsin L activity in different isolates of FCoV showed that FECV isolates were able to induce a specific cleavage event in the spike protein in contrast to FIPV isolates, suggesting that cathepsin activity on the spike gene may play a role in viral pathogenesis at the level of cell entry . cache = ./cache/cord-281179-k7630is6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281179-k7630is6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336639-jaue41mv author = Simons, Fermin A. title = A mRNA PCR for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis date = 2004-12-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3042 sentences = 162 flesch = 56 summary = A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of feline coronavirus (FCoV) messenger RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is described. The reason for this discrepancy became clear when the biological and genetic properties of FECV and FIPV isolates had been studied (Addie and Jarrett, 1992; Hohdatsu et al., 1992; Horzinek and Osterhaus, 1979) : the avirulent FCoV strains causing inconspicuous infections are responsible for the high seroprevalence; in cats experiencing some immunosuppressive event, expansion of the quasispecies cloud and mutations in the FECV genome lead to virulent variants that induce FIP (Vennema et al., 1998) . Detection of feline coronaviruses by culture and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of blood samples from healthy cats and cats with clinical feline infectious peritonitis cache = ./cache/cord-336639-jaue41mv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336639-jaue41mv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335434-lgvoethn author = Cannon, Martha .J. title = Cutaneous lesions associated with coronavirus-induced vasculitis in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis and concurrent feline immunodeficiency virus infection date = 2005-02-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1925 sentences = 102 flesch = 39 summary = title: Cutaneous lesions associated with coronavirus-induced vasculitis in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis and concurrent feline immunodeficiency virus infection This report describes a clinical case of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) with multisystemic involvement, including multiple nodular cutaneous lesions, in a cat that was co-infected with feline coronavirus and feline immunodeficiency virus. Immunohistology for feline coronavirus (FCoV) antigen, using a mouse monoclonal antibody (FCV3-70, Custom Monoclonals International, West Sacramento, USA), was performed on renal and skin biopsies as previously described (Kipar et al 1998, in press ). The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of numerous FCoV antigen-positive macrophages within the granulomatous lesions, a finding only seen in, and therefore pathognomonic for, FIP (Kipar et al 1998, in press) . Taken together, the clinical signs, clinical pathology, histological changes and immunohistological findings in this case confirm that the cat had a 'non-effusive form' of FIP, with involvement of the kidneys, skin and most likely brain and eyes. cache = ./cache/cord-335434-lgvoethn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335434-lgvoethn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348746-yaf61cmx author = Foley, Janet E. title = A Review of Coronavirus Infection in the Central Nervous System of Cats and Mice date = 2008-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5478 sentences = 323 flesch = 37 summary = F eline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal, immune-mediated disease produced as a result of infection of macrophages by mutant feline coronavirus strains (FIPVs). In acute MHV-A59 infection in CD8ϩ T-cell deficient mice, periventricular encephalitis occurs with lymphocytic infiltration into the choroid plexus, ependyma, and subependymal brain tissue. Depending on mouse strain and immunological status, MHV-JHM produces meningeal inflammation associated with T-cells and macrophages and demyelination but relatively little disease in axons. If mice are pretreated with passive infusions of antibodies or T-cells or if they receive neuroattenuated MHV strains, they develop chronic, but not fatal, disease after MHV-JHM infection. 62, 63 Immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice clear MHV-JHM virus from the brain but develop severe immune-mediated demyelination and paralysis. Two related strains of feline infectious peritonitis virus isolated from immunocompromised cats infected with a feline enteric coronavirus cache = ./cache/cord-348746-yaf61cmx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348746-yaf61cmx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329866-io9fvy58 author = Lorusso, Eleonora title = Discrepancies between feline coronavirus antibody and nucleic acid detection in effusions of cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis date = 2019-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2810 sentences = 126 flesch = 48 summary = With the aim to contribute to fill this diagnostic gap, a total of 61 effusions from cats with suspected effusive FIP were collected intra-vitam for detection of feline coronavirus (FCoV) antibodies and RNA by means of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay and real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. Fifty-one (48 ascitic and 3 pleuric fluids) of the 61 tested samples had FCoV antibody (Table 2 and Fig. 1 ), although only 37 positive effusions contained antibody levels ≥ 1:1600, which are considered highly suggestive of FIP diagnosis (Hartmann et al., 2003) . A recent paper (Meli et al., 2013) has investigated the agreement between FCoV antibody titres and RNA detection in the effusions of 13 cats with confirmed FIP, showing a correlation between high amounts of virus and lower signals in IIF assay, likely due to the fact that antibodies bound to viral antigens of the effusions are not able to bind to the antigens of the FCoV-infected cells used in serological tests. cache = ./cache/cord-329866-io9fvy58.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329866-io9fvy58.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351955-9l4786lb author = Pedersen, Niels C. title = Significance of Coronavirus Mutants in Feces and Diseased Tissues of Cats Suffering from Feline Infectious Peritonitis date = 2009-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6785 sentences = 322 flesch = 58 summary = Complete structural (S, E, M, N) and accessory (3a-c and 7 a, b) gene sequences were obtained from diseased omentum of the four related cats that died of FIP and the isolates designated were FIPV-UCD11, 12, 13 and 14 ( Table 1 ). The coronavirus isolated from Lucy's feces (designated FECV-UCD3) had an intact (i.e., wild type or non-deliterious) 3c and its sequence was otherwise 99% identical to the sequence of FIPV-UCD14 found in her diseased omentum. FECV-UCD4, was most closely related to the FIPV isolated from Lucy and was 99.7% related to the consensus nucleotide sequences of coronaviruses obtained from the four related FIP cats ( Figure 1 , Table 2 ). The 3c gene sequence of the fecal virus of cat 388406 was intact and ≥99% related to the FIPV found in diseased tissue ( Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-351955-9l4786lb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351955-9l4786lb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336332-9d1h68mi author = Paltrinieri, Saverio title = Expression patterns in feline blood and tissues of α(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and of an AGP-related protein (AGPrP) date = 2003 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3687 sentences = 207 flesch = 51 summary = Immunoblotting with a polyclonal antibody against fAGP and with a monoclonal antibody against hAGP was performed on serum from healthy cats, from cats exposed to feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection and from cats with purulent inflammations, such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). fAGP did not react with the anti-hAGP antibody which, in contrast, detected in feline serum a low MW protein that we called fAGP-related protein (fAGPrP). In contrast, the anti-hAGP detected an AGP-related protein whose blood concentration and tissue distribution was not related to that of fAGP. In order to investigate the distribution of fAGP and of fAGPrP in different feline pathological conditions, immunoblotting was repeated on serum from cats with purulent inflammations, FIV, FeLV and FIP, and from Fig. 2 Immunoblotting of hAGP and fAGP using as primary antibody the anti hAGP monoclonal antibody (a) or the anti fAGP polyclonal antibody (b). cache = ./cache/cord-336332-9d1h68mi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336332-9d1h68mi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327352-cbnjsrmt author = Kipar, A title = Cellular composition, coronavirus antigen expression and production of specific antibodies in lesions in feline infectious peritonitis date = 1998-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4923 sentences = 263 flesch = 38 summary = Diffuse alterations on serosal surfaces were represented either by activated mesothelial cells with single coronavirus antigen-bearing macrophages or by layers of precipitated exudate containing single to numerous granulomas with areas of necrosis. Single plasma-cells positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies were found around blood vessels distant from inflammatory alterations, within the lung parenchyma, as infiltrating cells in the mucosa of the small intestine, and in spleen and mesenteric lymph node. Based on immunohistological and histochemical characterization of inflammatory cells as well as the presence of coronavirus antigen and plasma-cells producing coronavirus-specific antibodies in the lesions of 23 cats with spontaneous FIP, this study describes the composition of alterations observed in FIP after natural infection. Viral antigen was moderately expressed in granulomas, in the periphery of which few plasma-cells producing coronavirus-specific antibodies were seen. cache = ./cache/cord-327352-cbnjsrmt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327352-cbnjsrmt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022555-a7ie82fs author = nan title = Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity date = 2011-12-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 66452 sentences = 3846 flesch = 48 summary = One study found that, of cats investigated for gastrointestinal disease, 9 of 33 cats (27%) had no pathology recognized proximal to the jejunum (i.e., the effective length of diagnostic endoscopes would have precluded diagnosis), and other organs were affected in 9 of 10 cats with inflammatory bowel diseases and 7 of 8 cats with intestinal small cell lymphoma. 60, 64 Quantification of serum cobalamin levels is recommended in cats with clinical signs of small bowel diarrhea, ones suspected to have an infiltrative disease of the small intestine (inflammatory bowel disease or gastrointestinal lymphoma), or ones with pancreatic dysfunction. Survey radiographs may be normal in cats with esophagitis and strictures, but are useful to rule out other causes for the clinical signs, such as a foreign body, or to detect related problems, such as aspiration pneumonia. 8, 29 Other non-neoplastic causes reported for gastric or gastroduodenal ulceration in cats include parasites (e.g., Ollulanus tricuspis, Toxocara cati, Aonchotheca putorii, Gnathostoma spp.), bacterial infections, toxins, inflammatory bowel disease, and foreign bodies. cache = ./cache/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt === reduce.pl bib === ===== Reducing email addresses cord-273424-iz1vat9p cord-276617-chgjpg0v cord-281179-k7630is6 Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-253498-w6qfzpi4 cord-271078-zyy8gx25 cord-268492-0rbmqarx cord-254375-otj044by cord-021452-9rukc80y cord-273424-iz1vat9p cord-284963-p0y5rrpb cord-276617-chgjpg0v cord-266155-hf3retap cord-264315-3hum7rqm cord-317411-6lc0wpoo cord-285335-agm4zbcx cord-023121-hewbl5yu cord-306829-88nihy7q cord-270414-gh9agf4x cord-331045-i33nr27j cord-324530-tac1unnp cord-308537-i6um5iu2 cord-258374-qht98q0l cord-304616-k92fa15l cord-323805-9n63ms3c cord-319685-dw0qsl4s cord-023034-j8zwcfys cord-308557-mvu97jsu cord-283202-5fq1wxz8 cord-322317-wsagoy52 cord-323932-l14sjufm cord-295491-zlah6u5s cord-022203-t2f0vr1w cord-302161-ytr7ds8i cord-315094-pzixgqcy cord-287157-6rwevq39 cord-336730-hqgwj8vs cord-313439-cadyykks cord-281179-k7630is6 cord-336639-jaue41mv cord-335434-lgvoethn cord-348746-yaf61cmx cord-329866-io9fvy58 cord-351955-9l4786lb cord-327352-cbnjsrmt cord-336332-9d1h68mi cord-022555-a7ie82fs cord-014527-nvzfpntu Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-271078-zyy8gx25 cord-268492-0rbmqarx cord-266155-hf3retap cord-270414-gh9agf4x cord-324530-tac1unnp cord-304616-k92fa15l cord-322317-wsagoy52 cord-295491-zlah6u5s cord-302161-ytr7ds8i cord-329866-io9fvy58 cord-336332-9d1h68mi cord-022555-a7ie82fs Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-253498-w6qfzpi4 cord-271078-zyy8gx25 cord-268492-0rbmqarx cord-254375-otj044by cord-021452-9rukc80y cord-273424-iz1vat9p cord-284963-p0y5rrpb cord-276617-chgjpg0v cord-266155-hf3retap cord-264315-3hum7rqm cord-317411-6lc0wpoo cord-023121-hewbl5yu cord-285335-agm4zbcx cord-306829-88nihy7q cord-270414-gh9agf4x cord-331045-i33nr27j cord-324530-tac1unnp cord-308537-i6um5iu2 cord-304616-k92fa15l cord-258374-qht98q0l cord-323805-9n63ms3c cord-319685-dw0qsl4s cord-023034-j8zwcfys cord-308557-mvu97jsu cord-283202-5fq1wxz8 cord-322317-wsagoy52 cord-295491-zlah6u5s cord-323932-l14sjufm cord-022203-t2f0vr1w cord-315094-pzixgqcy cord-287157-6rwevq39 cord-302161-ytr7ds8i cord-336730-hqgwj8vs cord-313439-cadyykks cord-281179-k7630is6 cord-336639-jaue41mv cord-335434-lgvoethn cord-348746-yaf61cmx cord-329866-io9fvy58 cord-336332-9d1h68mi cord-351955-9l4786lb cord-327352-cbnjsrmt cord-022555-a7ie82fs cord-014527-nvzfpntu Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-268492-0rbmqarx cord-271078-zyy8gx25 cord-253498-w6qfzpi4 cord-254375-otj044by cord-273424-iz1vat9p cord-276617-chgjpg0v cord-264315-3hum7rqm cord-284963-p0y5rrpb cord-021452-9rukc80y cord-266155-hf3retap cord-317411-6lc0wpoo cord-023121-hewbl5yu cord-285335-agm4zbcx cord-306829-88nihy7q cord-270414-gh9agf4x cord-331045-i33nr27j cord-324530-tac1unnp cord-308537-i6um5iu2 cord-258374-qht98q0l cord-304616-k92fa15l cord-323805-9n63ms3c cord-319685-dw0qsl4s cord-023034-j8zwcfys cord-308557-mvu97jsu cord-295491-zlah6u5s cord-323932-l14sjufm cord-322317-wsagoy52 cord-283202-5fq1wxz8 cord-287157-6rwevq39 cord-315094-pzixgqcy cord-336730-hqgwj8vs cord-281179-k7630is6 cord-335434-lgvoethn cord-302161-ytr7ds8i cord-022203-t2f0vr1w cord-336639-jaue41mv cord-348746-yaf61cmx cord-329866-io9fvy58 cord-336332-9d1h68mi cord-327352-cbnjsrmt cord-313439-cadyykks cord-351955-9l4786lb cord-022555-a7ie82fs cord-014527-nvzfpntu Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-022555-a7ie82fs cord-014527-nvzfpntu cord-022203-t2f0vr1w cord-313439-cadyykks cord-308537-i6um5iu2 cord-348746-yaf61cmx number of items: 44 sum of words: 245,587 average size in words: 5,847 average readability score: 48 nouns: cats; dogs; disease; study; cat; peritonitis; virus; coronavirus; samples; infection; signs; diagnosis; cells; cases; treatment; blood; serum; fip; protein; results; group; cell; lesions; time; antibody; disclosures; liver; tissue; studies; age; macrophages; days; analysis; test; gene; antibodies; type; diseases; detection; plasma; findings; years; tissues; animals; presence; body; groups; therapy; control; antigen verbs: used; including; show; reported; infected; occurs; found; associated; increased; detected; performed; comparing; considered; based; described; caused; following; identified; obtain; evaluate; affected; suggested; confirm; presenting; determined; resulting; seen; required; observed; diagnosed; assess; develop; treated; provided; induced; lead; remaining; indicate; tested; containing; making; mediated; demonstrating; measured; reduce; involving; shedding; collected; relate; appear adjectives: feline; infectious; clinical; positive; high; different; viral; healthy; small; specific; present; diagnostic; non; negative; common; significant; low; canine; intestinal; higher; normal; inflammatory; chronic; fecal; spinal; acute; enteric; possible; important; gastrointestinal; severe; immune; large; human; available; systemic; several; median; abdominal; effusive; cardiac; lower; many; consistent; likely; similar; mild; hepatic; single; foreign adverbs: also; however; often; significantly; well; respectively; therefore; usually; commonly; naturally; even; previously; especially; highly; less; clinically; approximately; still; typically; prior; experimentally; always; frequently; alone; recently; statistically; mainly; generally; particularly; additionally; rather; rarely; least; daily; potentially; later; together; primarily; specifically; furthermore; likely; moreover; currently; much; far; first; yet; relatively; already; predominantly pronouns: it; their; we; they; its; i; our; them; he; us; itself; his; she; her; themselves; you; one; your; him; euthanasia; Ò; mg; interleukin-10; antibodypositive proper nouns: FIP; FCoV; PCR; RT; mg; •; FIPV; RNA; S; FECV; Pedersen; kg; CSF; II; CK; T; IHC; Fig; 3c; Table; C; AGP; Veterinary; CNS; FCoVs; University; M; nPCR; Kipar; SPF; L; AE; IBD; Feline; FeLV; mRNA; BCS; USA; A; IL-6; Animal; TNF; ELISA; ORF; Mutian; X; MHV; FIV; E.; Cat keywords: fip; cat; feline; pcr; fipv; csf; pedersen; cns; clinical; agp; sign; rna; orf; infection; ihc; ibd; disease; zu1; virus; veterinary; vegf; vaccine; university; type; treatment; tnf; study; staphylococcus; spinal; spf; small; sequence; sars; sample; ptx; protein; ppf; plasma; pancreatic; mutian; mhv; mefloquine; malaysia; liver; lamp; kipar; jhm; intestinal; hypertension; hcm one topic; one dimension: cats file(s): https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165x.2010.00242.x titles(s): Electrophoretic fractionation of creatine kinase isoenzymes and macroenzymes in clinically healthy dogs and cats and preliminary evaluation in central neurologic disease three topics; one dimension: fip; dogs; cats file(s): https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111068, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4913621/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158306/ titles(s): Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis: A Review of the Current Literature | Research Communications of the 25th ECVIM‐CA Congress | Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity five topics; three dimensions: dogs cats study; cats may disease; fip cats feline; cats feline fip; hypertension blood pressure file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4913621/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158306/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33081040/, https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080603, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1098612X09000837 titles(s): Research Communications of the 25th ECVIM‐CA Congress | Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity | Concordance between Histology, Immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis | FCoV Viral Sequences of Systemically Infected Healthy Cats Lack Gene Mutations Previously Linked to the Development of FIP | The cat with neurological manifestations of systemic disease. Key conditions impacting on the CNS Type: cord title: keyword-fip-cord date: 2021-05-24 time: 23:51 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:fip ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-266155-hf3retap author: Addie, Diane D. title: Oral Mutian®X stopped faecal feline coronavirus shedding by naturally infected cats date: 2020-06-30 words: 6019.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266155-hf3retap.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266155-hf3retap.txt summary: Although recombinant feline interferon omega (FeIFNω: Virbagen Omega, Virbac, France) was previously shown to reduce FCoV shedding, this is the first report to document an anti-viral that stopped the excretion of FCoV in the faeces of naturally infected cats. Results from five cats from Household E could not be included because the intervals between faecal tests left the possibility that the cats might have spontaneously stopped shedding virus, rather than Mutian X having stopped virus shedding: thus they were excluded from both treatment and control groups (Table 1) . Prior to the observational study we report here, the cattery owner (SC) discovered she could reduce coronavirus shedding in some cats using Mutian X tablets: we worked with her to optimise dose and duration of treatment for stopping virus shedding. Mutian X pills stopped faecal FCoV shedding in 29 naturally infected cats; however, four of the 29 cats required a second course of treatment before virus was eliminated. abstract: Abstract Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is common among cats living indoors in groups. In about 10% of infected cats, a potentially lethal disease, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) occurs. Virus transmission is faecal-oral. Mutian® Xraphconn (Mutian X) is a product marketed to treat cats with FIP but is also being used to stop virus shedding, although no clear guidelines exist for its use for this purpose. The aim of this study was to establish the minimum dose and treatment duration required to ensure viral clearance from the faeces of asymptomatic virus-shedding cats. In five multicat households, 29 cats naturally infected with FCoV and actively shedding virus in the faeces were given Mutian X pills. Virus shedding was monitored using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) controlled for faecal inhibitors to ensure sensitivity. Mutian X given orally cleared the virus in 29 cats; although four cats required a repeated course to finally stop virus shedding. A dose of 4 mg/kg q24 h for four days was found to be the optimal treatment protocol: 2 mg/kg cleared only 80% of cats. Post-treatment using a sensitive RT-qPCR test was essential to ensure that virus clearance had been achieved, since failure to clear even one cat can result in re-infection of the others. Records of virus shedding by cats before treatment provided a retrospective control: significantly more cats stopped shedding virus after Mutian X than recovered from infection during the control period (p < .00001). This is the first report of the successful elimination of faecal FCoV shedding in chronically infected cats. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.02.012 doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.02.012 id: cord-331045-i33nr27j author: Addie, Diane D. title: Feline coronavirus – that enigmatic little critter date: 2003-11-13 words: 1245.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331045-i33nr27j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331045-i33nr27j.txt summary: For diagnosis, clinicians use a panel of tests including FCoV serology, albumin to globulin ratio, haematology, cytology of effusion and measurement of acute phase proteins, especially a1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Present belief is that for cats to develop FIP, a mutation (more accurately -a deletion) must occur in the viral genome of non-pathogenic FCoVs (so called enteric coronaviruses) which allows the virus to replicate in macrophages (Vennema et al., 1998) . I have followed one cat with FIP over the time of treatment until death and I found that AGP and globulin levels correlated well with response to treatment and improving or worsening clinical signs, whereas repeatedly measuring FCoV antibody titre was unhelpful. Changes in some acute phase protein and immunoglobulin concentrations in cats affected by feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) or exposed to feline coronavirus infection abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14623144/ doi: 10.1016/s1090-0233(03)00083-2 id: cord-268492-0rbmqarx author: Alberer, Martin title: Cats and kids: how a feline disease may help us unravel COVID-19 associated paediatric hyperinflammatory syndrome date: 2020-09-02 words: 1533.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268492-0rbmqarx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268492-0rbmqarx.txt summary: The RCPCH and CDC have published a case definition and scientists refer to this novel but still very rare severe clinical condition in children as "paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2" (PIMS-TS). While reflecting on this syndrome and its characteristic features, some interesting similarities come to mind when comparing the clinical course of PIMS-TS cases and the specific features of a disease in cats called feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) caused by the feline coronavirus (FCoV), an alphacoronavirus [2] . On this note, it would be of great interest to see whether mutations in the viral genome, particularly in regions affecting the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2, could lead to a change in cell tropism enabling the virus to more effectively infect and replicate within human monocytes/macrophages subsequently leading to the clinical picture of PIMS-TS. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01515-3 doi: 10.1007/s15010-020-01515-3 id: cord-324530-tac1unnp author: André, Nicole M title: Distinct mutation in the feline coronavirus spike protein cleavage activation site in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis-associated meningoencephalomyelitis date: 2019-06-26 words: 2925.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324530-tac1unnp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324530-tac1unnp.txt summary: title: Distinct mutation in the feline coronavirus spike protein cleavage activation site in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis-associated meningoencephalomyelitis CASE SUMMARY: This report describes a cat with chronic, progressive, non-painful, non-lateralizing multifocal neurologic clinical signs associated with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Molecular analysis of the coronavirus spike protein within the tissues identified a specific, functionally relevant amino acid change (R793M), which was only identified in tissues associated with the central nervous system (ie, brain and spinal cord). RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION: This case report describes an early presentation of a cat with primarily neurologic FIP, with molecular characterization of the virus within various tissues. 18 Molecular analysis of the viral spike protein within the tissues identified a specific, functionally relevant amino acid change (R793M), which was only identified in tissues associated with the CNS (ie, brain and spinal cord). This case report describes a young cat with neurologic FIP in which detailed clinical and molecular characterization of the associated FCoV infection was performed. abstract: CASE SUMMARY: This report describes a cat with chronic, progressive, non-painful, non-lateralizing multifocal neurologic clinical signs associated with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The cat initially presented as underweight, despite a good appetite, and a complete blood count showed non-regenerative anemia. Three months later the cat was returned having developed ataxia and paraparesis, which then progressed over 2 months to tetraparesis, tail plegia, urinary and fecal incontinence, and titubation. Histologic examination of the tissues with subsequent immunohistochemistry confirmed FIP-associated meningoencephalomyelitis following necropsy. Molecular analysis of the coronavirus spike protein within the tissues identified a specific, functionally relevant amino acid change (R793M), which was only identified in tissues associated with the central nervous system (ie, brain and spinal cord). RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION: This case report describes an early presentation of a cat with primarily neurologic FIP, with molecular characterization of the virus within various tissues. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2055116919856103 doi: 10.1177/2055116919856103 id: cord-315094-pzixgqcy author: Benetka, Viviane title: Prevalence of feline coronavirus types I and II in cats with histopathologically verified feline infectious peritonitis date: 2004-03-26 words: 5537.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315094-pzixgqcy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315094-pzixgqcy.txt summary: Investigations showed that a high percentage of cats without FIP symptoms from exposed environments were positive for FCoV infection: 39-85% were seropositive, 37-95% viremic and 73-81% excreted virus in their faeces (Addie and Jarrett, 1992b; Sparkes et al., 1992; Herrewegh et al., 1995; Foley et al., 1997a,b; Gunn-Moore et al., 1998) . The recently developed reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, using primers targeted to highly conserved regions of the viral genome (3 -UTR (untranslated region) (Herrewegh et al., 1995; Fehr et al., 1996) , or S-protein gene (Li and Scott, 1994; Gamble et al., 1997) ), which are common to all FCoV strains, became a valuable tool for the detection of FCoV nucleic acid in blood, body cavity effusions, faeces and tissue samples of infected cats. With the retrospective study presented here we investigated the prevalence of the two types of FCoVs in cats with histopathologically verified FIP using nested and seminested RT-PCR assays, with primers targeted as well to the S-protein gene. abstract: Feline coronaviruses (FCoV) vary widely in virulence causing a spectrum of clinical manifestations reaching from subclinical course to fatal feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Independent of virulence variations they are separated into two different types, type I, the original FCoV, and type II, which is closely related to canine coronavirus (CCV). The prevalence of FCoV types in Austrian cat populations without FIP has been surveyed recently indicating that type I infections predominate. The distribution of FCoV types in cats, which had succumbed to FIP, however, was fairly unknown. PCR assays have been developed amplifying parts of the spike protein gene. Type-specific primer pairs were designed, generating PCR products of different sizes. A total of 94 organ pools of cats with histopathologically verified FIP was tested. A clear differentiation was achieved in 74 cats, 86% of them were type I positive, 7% type II positive, and 7% were positive for both types. These findings demonstrate that in FIP cases FCoV type I predominates, too, nonetheless, in 14% of the cases FCoV type II was detected, suggesting its causative involvement in cases of FIP. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0378113503003821 doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.07.010 id: cord-021452-9rukc80y author: Bergman, Robert L. title: Miscellaneous Spinal Cord Diseases date: 2009-05-15 words: 8298.0 sentences: 619.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-021452-9rukc80y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021452-9rukc80y.txt summary: Infectious inflammatory disease is the most common categorical differential diagnosis in cats with spinal cord dysfunction. 1 Common infectious inflammatory spinal cord diseases include FIP, cryptococcosis, FeLV infection, and toxoplasmosis. 6, 7 Polioencephalomyelitis, an inflammatory disease of unknown cause, is associated with 8 per cent of cases of feline spinal cord disease 1 and may present with clinical signs of paraparesis. FIP accounts for more than half of the infectious inflammatory causes of myelitis in cats, and 16 per cent of all spinal cord diseases reported in cats. In a case series of cats with spinal cord-related signs, more than 75 per cent were younger than 2 years of age. Overall the most consistent diagnostic findings in cats with the CNS form of FIP include a positive coronavirus IgG titer in CSF, a high serum total protein concentration, and abnormalities in brain imaging. 19 Clinical signs of spinal cord dysfunction, including paraspinal hyperesthesia and paresis, have been reported in at least one case series. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149771/ doi: 10.1016/b0-72-160423-4/50054-8 id: cord-281179-k7630is6 author: Brown, Meredith A. title: Genetic determinants of pathogenesis by feline infectious peritonitis virus date: 2011-10-15 words: 3212.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281179-k7630is6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281179-k7630is6.txt summary: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal, immune-augmented, and progressive viral disease of cats associated with feline coronavirus (FCoV). Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal, immune-augmented, and progressive viral disease of cats associated with feline coronavirus (FCoV). Mutational transition in viral pathogenesis has been shown in HIV infection, where specific amino acid changes in the envelope gene determine which coreceptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) is used and hence virus success in cell entry (Hartley et al., 2005) . However, more recent in vitro studies of cathepsin B and cathepsin L activity in different isolates of FCoV showed that FECV isolates were able to induce a specific cleavage event in the spike protein in contrast to FIPV isolates, suggesting that cathepsin activity on the spike gene may play a role in viral pathogenesis at the level of cell entry . abstract: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal, immune-augmented, and progressive viral disease of cats associated with feline coronavirus (FCoV). Viral genetic determinants specifically associated with FIPV pathogenesis have not yet been discovered. Viral gene signatures in the spike, non-structural protein 3c, and membrane of the coronavirus genome have been shown to often correlate with disease manifestation. An “in vivo mutation transition hypothesis” is widely accepted and postulates that de novo virus mutation occurs in vivo giving rise to virulence. The existence of “distinct circulating avirulent and virulent strains” is an alternative hypothesis of viral pathogenesis. It may be possible that viral dynamics from both hypotheses are at play in the occurrence of FIP. Epidemiologic data suggests that the genetic background of the cat contributes to the manifestation of FIP. Further studies exploring both viral and host genetic determinants of disease in FIP offer specific opportunities for the management of this disease. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165242711002182 doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.021 id: cord-335434-lgvoethn author: Cannon, Martha .J. title: Cutaneous lesions associated with coronavirus-induced vasculitis in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis and concurrent feline immunodeficiency virus infection date: 2005-02-12 words: 1925.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335434-lgvoethn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335434-lgvoethn.txt summary: title: Cutaneous lesions associated with coronavirus-induced vasculitis in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis and concurrent feline immunodeficiency virus infection This report describes a clinical case of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) with multisystemic involvement, including multiple nodular cutaneous lesions, in a cat that was co-infected with feline coronavirus and feline immunodeficiency virus. Immunohistology for feline coronavirus (FCoV) antigen, using a mouse monoclonal antibody (FCV3-70, Custom Monoclonals International, West Sacramento, USA), was performed on renal and skin biopsies as previously described (Kipar et al 1998, in press ). The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of numerous FCoV antigen-positive macrophages within the granulomatous lesions, a finding only seen in, and therefore pathognomonic for, FIP (Kipar et al 1998, in press) . Taken together, the clinical signs, clinical pathology, histological changes and immunohistological findings in this case confirm that the cat had a ''non-effusive form'' of FIP, with involvement of the kidneys, skin and most likely brain and eyes. abstract: This report describes a clinical case of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) with multisystemic involvement, including multiple nodular cutaneous lesions, in a cat that was co-infected with feline coronavirus and feline immunodeficiency virus. The skin lesions were caused by a pyogranulomatous-necrotising dermal phlebitis and periphlebitis. Immunohistology demonstrated the presence of coronavirus antigen in macrophages within these lesions. The pathogenesis of FIP involves a viral associated, disseminated phlebitis and periphlebitis which can arise at many sites. Target organs frequently include the eyes, abdominal organs, pleural and peritoneal membranes, and central nervous tissues, but cutaneous lesions have not previously been reported. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16055009/ doi: 10.1016/j.jfms.2004.12.001 id: cord-273424-iz1vat9p author: Ceciliani, Fabrizio title: Decreased sialylation of the acute phase protein α1-acid glycoprotein in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) date: 2004-04-12 words: 3720.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273424-iz1vat9p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273424-iz1vat9p.txt summary: In contrast, during FIP disease, fAGP underwent several modifications in the sialic acid content, including decreased expression of both α(2–6)-linked and α(2–3)-linked sialic acid (76 and 44%, respectively when compared to non-pathological feline AGP). The biological significance of AGP overexpression during FIP and its correlation with the Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 99 (2004) [229] [230] [231] [232] [233] [234] [235] [236] Abbreviations: FIP, feline infectious peritonitis; AGP, a1-acid glycoprotein; fAGP, feline a1-acid glycoprotein; FCoV, feline coronavirus; HP, haptoglobin; SleX, sialyl Lewis X; HPLC, high pressure liquid chromatography; SNAI, Sambucus nigra agglutinin; MAA, Maackia amurensis agglutinin; AAL, Aleuria aurantia lectin * Corresponding author. In the present study we used the lectin binding specificity for carbohydrates in order to gain insight into some major (branching) and minor (sialic acid content) glycan microheterogeneity of feline AGP (fAGP) purified from FIP affected cats. abstract: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an immune-mediated disease of domestic and exotic felides infected with feline coronavirus. FIP is characterized by the overexpression of an acute phase protein, the α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). In humans, AGP is a heavily glycosylated protein that undergoes several modifications of its glycan moiety during acute and chronic inflammatory pathologies. We studied the changes in AGP glycosylation in the course of FIP. Specifically, we focussed our attention on the degree of sialylation, fucosylation and branching. This study presents a purification method for feline AGP (fAGP) from serum, using an ion exchange chromatography strategy. The glycosylation pattern was analyzed in detail by means of interaction of purified fAGP with specific lectins. In particular, Sambucus nigra agglutinin I and Maackia amurensis agglutinin lectins were used to detect sialic acid residues, Aleuria aurantia lectin was used to detect l-fucose residues and Concanavalin A was used to evaluate the branching degree. By this method we showed that fAGP did not present any l-fucose residues on its surface, and that its branching degree was very low, both in normal and in pathological conditions. In contrast, during FIP disease, fAGP underwent several modifications in the sialic acid content, including decreased expression of both α(2–6)-linked and α(2–3)-linked sialic acid (76 and 44%, respectively when compared to non-pathological feline AGP). url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165242704000522 doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.02.003 id: cord-022203-t2f0vr1w author: Dowers, Kristy L title: The pyrexic cat date: 2009-05-15 words: 8910.0 sentences: 761.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt summary: Clinical signs are often non-specific and include fever, anorexia and weight loss. Gastrointestinal signs are uncommon in cats compared to dogs, and include chronic diarrhea, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and anorexia. • Dysfunction of any organ system may result from granuloma formation within the tissue of that organ, e.g., liver, kidney, spleen, intestines, lungs, etc., however, organ failure producing clinical signs only rarely occurs, and most dysfunction is only detected on biochemical tests. Clinical signs in the acute, fatal form of extraintestinal disease are caused primarily by tissue damage from the rapidly dividing tachyzoites. • Young kittens are more likely to have gastrointestinal signs, although mild clinical disease has been reported in adult cats as well. Systemic signs, which are not present in all cats, include fever, anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea and lymphadenopathy. Systemic signs such as fever, anorexia and depression are commonly reported (44% of cats) and can be seen with skin lesions. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155435/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-2488-7.50024-7 id: cord-336730-hqgwj8vs author: Fehr, Daniela title: Placebo-controlled evaluation of a modified life virus vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis: safety and efficacy under field conditions date: 1997-07-31 words: 4307.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336730-hqgwj8vs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336730-hqgwj8vs.txt summary: title: Placebo-controlled evaluation of a modified life virus vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis: safety and efficacy under field conditions Abstract A modified live virus vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) was evaluated in a double blind, placebo-controlled field trial in two high-risk populations. The vaccine was found to be safe and efficacious in one population of cats that had low antibody titre against feline coronavirus (FCoV) at the time of vaccination. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a normally fatal disease of cats caused by infections with feline coronaviruses (FCoV) which are antigenically related to a respiratory coronavirus strain of man (HCV 229E), transmissible gastro-enteritis virus (TGEV) of swine and canine coronaviruses13''. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a modified live virus vaccine in a double-blind study under field conditions in two cat populations with higher risk for FIP. abstract: Abstract A modified live virus vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) was evaluated in a double blind, placebo-controlled field trial in two high-risk populations. The vaccine was found to be safe and efficacious in one population of cats that had low antibody titre against feline coronavirus (FCoV) at the time of vaccination. Although clinically healthy at the time of vaccination, retrospectively some vaccinees that later came down with FIP were found to be RT-PCR positive for FCoV in plasma and showed changes in blood parameters consistent with early stage of FIP. It is concluded that vaccination can protect cats with no or low FCoV antibody titres and that in some cats vaccine failure was probably due to pre-existing infection. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0264410X97000066 doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00006-6 id: cord-313439-cadyykks author: Felten, Sandra title: Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis: A Review of the Current Literature date: 2019-11-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease that poses several challenges for veterinarians: clinical signs and laboratory changes are non-specific, and there are two pathotypes of the etiologic agent feline coronavirus (FCoV), sometimes referred to as feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) that vary fundamentally in their virulence, but are indistinguishable by a number of diagnostic methods. This review focuses on all important steps every veterinary practitioner has to deal with and new diagnostic tests that can be considered when encountering a cat with suspected FIP with the aim to establish a definitive diagnosis. It gives an overview on all available direct and indirect diagnostic tests and their sensitivity and specificity reported in the literature in different sample material. By providing summarized data for sensitivity and specificity of each diagnostic test and each sample material, which can easily be accessed in tables, this review can help to facilitate the interpretation of different diagnostic tests and raise awareness of their advantages and limitations. Additionally, diagnostic trees depict recommended diagnostic steps that should be performed in cats suspected of having FIP based on their clinical signs or clinicopathologic abnormalities. These steps can easily be followed in clinical practice. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111068 doi: 10.3390/v11111068 id: cord-270414-gh9agf4x author: Fischer, Y. title: Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study of the Effect of Propentofylline on Survival Time and Quality of Life of Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis date: 2011-10-12 words: 4579.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270414-gh9agf4x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270414-gh9agf4x.txt summary: title: Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study of the Effect of Propentofylline on Survival Time and Quality of Life of Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis Several case reports can be found in the online Veterinary Information Network (http://www.VIN.com) that describe a positive effect of the methylxanthine derivative pentoxifylline (PTX) (Trental a ) on the survival time in cats with FIP. ALT alanine aminotransferase AP alkaline phosphatase CI confidence interval FCoV feline coronavirus FeLV feline leukemia virus FIP feline infectious peritonitis FIPV feline infectious peritonitis virus FIV feline immundeficiency virus IFAT immunofluorescent antibody technique PPF propentofylline PTX pentoxifylline RBC red blood cells SPSS statistical package for the social sciences TNF-a tumor necrosis factor-alpha TP total protein WBC white blood cells which cause endothelial cell damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PPF on the survival time and quality of life in cats with a confirmed diagnosis of FIP in a placebocontrolled double-blind trial. abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently there is no drug proven to effectively treat cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). HYPOTHESIS: Propentofylline (PPF) can decrease vasculitis, and therefore prolong survival time in cats with FIP, and increase their quality of life. ANIMALS: Twenty‐three privately owned cats with FIP. METHODS: Placebo‐controlled double‐blind trial. FIP was confirmed by histology or immunostaining of feline coronavirus (FCoV) antigen in effusion or tissue macrophages or both. The cats were randomly selected for treatment with either PPF or placebo. All cats received additional treatment with glucocorticoids, antibiotics, and low molecular weight heparin according to methods. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the survival time of cats treated with PPF (8 days, 95% CI 5.4–10.6) versus placebo (7.5 days, 95% CI 4.4–9.6). The median survival time of all cats was 8 days (4–36 days). There was neither a difference in quality of life (day 7, P = .892), in the amount of effusion (day 7, P = .710), the tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) concentration (day 7, P = .355), nor in any other variable investigated in this study, including a complete blood count, and a small animal biochemistry profile. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This study did not detect an effect of PPF on the survival time, the quality of life, or any clinical or laboratory parameter in cats with FIP. Therefore, PPF does not appear to be an effective treatment option in cats with a late stage of the disease FIP. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00806.x doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00806.x id: cord-348746-yaf61cmx author: Foley, Janet E. title: A Review of Coronavirus Infection in the Central Nervous System of Cats and Mice date: 2008-06-28 words: 5478.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348746-yaf61cmx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348746-yaf61cmx.txt summary: F eline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal, immune-mediated disease produced as a result of infection of macrophages by mutant feline coronavirus strains (FIPVs). In acute MHV-A59 infection in CD8ϩ T-cell deficient mice, periventricular encephalitis occurs with lymphocytic infiltration into the choroid plexus, ependyma, and subependymal brain tissue. Depending on mouse strain and immunological status, MHV-JHM produces meningeal inflammation associated with T-cells and macrophages and demyelination but relatively little disease in axons. If mice are pretreated with passive infusions of antibodies or T-cells or if they receive neuroattenuated MHV strains, they develop chronic, but not fatal, disease after MHV-JHM infection. 62, 63 Immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice clear MHV-JHM virus from the brain but develop severe immune-mediated demyelination and paralysis. Two related strains of feline infectious peritonitis virus isolated from immunocompromised cats infected with a feline enteric coronavirus abstract: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a common cause of death in cats. Management of this disease has been hampered by difficulties identifying the infection and determining the immunological status of affected cats and by high variability in the clinical, pathological, and immunological characteristics of affected cats. Neurological FIP, which is much more homogeneous than systemic effusive or noneffusive FIP, appears to be a good model for establishing the basic features of FIP immunopathogenesis. Very little information is available about the immunopathogenesis of neurologic FIP, and it is reasonable to use research from the well‐characterized mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) immune‐mediated encephalitis system, as a template for FIP investigation, and to contrast findings from the MHV model with those of FIP. It is expected that the immunopathogenic mechanisms will have important similarities. Such comparative research may lead to better understanding of FIP immunopathogenesis and rational prospects for management of this frustrating disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11596730/ doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2001.tb01572.x id: cord-317411-6lc0wpoo author: Giori, L. title: Performances of different diagnostic tests for feline infectious peritonitis in challenging clinical cases date: 2011-02-21 words: 3532.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317411-6lc0wpoo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317411-6lc0wpoo.txt summary: Clinical findings, serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), analysis of the effusions (AE), antifeline coronavirus serology, serum concentration of α1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) and histopathology were classified as consistent, doubtful or non‐consistent with FIP. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess the results of tests recorded in vivo and at postmortem examination in doubtful cases where FIP was clinically suspected and definitely confirmed or excluded by IHC or based on complete recovery and to evaluate which test had the best sensitivity, specificity and concordance for FIP. In cats with FIP, the tests that were not consistent with or doubtful of FIP included clinical signs (3 of 8 cases), analysis of effusion (AE; 3 of 6), SPE (5 of 8), serology or PCR (4 of 5) and postmortem examination/histology (5 of 8). abstract: Objectives: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) can be difficult to diagnose. Histopathology is considered the gold standard test but immunohistochemistry (IHC) is mandatory to confirm/exclude the disease. This study aimed to assess the performances of tests carried out in vivo or at postmortem examination in challenging cases in which FIP was confirmed or excluded based on IHC or on adequate follow‐up. Methods: Twelve cases (four without FIP, eight with FIP) were retrospectively studied. Clinical findings, serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), analysis of the effusions (AE), antifeline coronavirus serology, serum concentration of α1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) and histopathology were classified as consistent, doubtful or non‐consistent with FIP. Sensitivity, specificity and concordance (κ) with the final diagnosis were calculated. Results: Concordance was absent for serology (κ=−0·08) and AE (κ=−0·52), poor for histopathology (κ=0·09), fair for SPE (κ=0·25) and perfect for AGP (κ=1·00). Sensitivity was high for AGP (100%) and low for AE (50%), SPE (37·5%) and histopathology (37·5%). Specificity was high for AGP or histopathology (100%) and low for SPE (50%) and AE (0%). Clinical Significance: IHC must always be performed to confirm FIP. If this is not possible, when histopathology is controversial, elevated AGP concentrations may support the diagnosis of FIP. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21338364/ doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01042.x id: cord-295491-zlah6u5s author: Günther, Sonja title: Detection of feline Coronavirus in effusions of cats with and without feline infectious peritonitis using loop-mediated isothermal amplification date: 2018-03-11 words: 3795.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295491-zlah6u5s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295491-zlah6u5s.txt summary: The aim of this study was to test two commercially available reaction mixtures in a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay to detect feline Coronavirus (FCoV) in body cavity effusions of cats with and without FIP, in order to minimize the time from sampling to obtaining results. The aim of this study was to test specificity and sensitivity of two commercially available reaction mixtures in a reverse transcription LAMP (RT-LAMP) to detect FCoV in body cavity effusions of cats with and without FIP, and to minimize the time from sampling to obtaining results. The FIP group (n = 34) included cats with a definitive diagnosis of FIP by one or more methods: All effusions of cats with FIP tested positive for FCoV by RT-PCR by a commercial laboratory, and in 26/34 samples putative disease-causing mutations could be detected. abstract: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease in cats worldwide. The aim of this study was to test two commercially available reaction mixtures in a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay to detect feline Coronavirus (FCoV) in body cavity effusions of cats with and without FIP, in order to minimize the time from sampling to obtaining results. RNA was extracted from body cavity effusion samples of 71 cats, including 34 samples from cats with a definitive diagnosis of FIP, and 37 samples of control cats with similar clinical signs but other confirmed diseases. Two reaction mixtures (Isothermal Mastermix, OptiGene Ltd.and PCRun™ Molecular Detection Mix, Biogal) were tested using the same primers, which were designed to bind to a conserved region of the FCoV membrane protein gene. Both assays were conducted under isothermal conditions (61 °C–62 °C). Using the Isothermal Mastermix of OptiGene Ltd., amplification times ranged from 4 and 39 min with a sensitivity of 35.3% and a specificity of 94.6% for the reported sample group. Using the PCRun™ Molecular Detection Mix of Biogal, amplification times ranged from 18 to 77 min with a sensitivity of 58.8% and a specificity of 97.3%. Although the RT-LAMP assay is less sensitive than real time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), it can be performed without the need of expensive equipment and with less hands-on time. Further modifications of primers might lead to a suitable in-house test and accelerate the diagnosis of FIP. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29540320/ doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.03.003 id: cord-308537-i6um5iu2 author: Hoskins, Johnny D. title: Coronavirus Infection in Cats date: 1993-01-31 words: 5268.0 sentences: 330.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308537-i6um5iu2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308537-i6um5iu2.txt summary: Cats are susceptible to natural infection with several strains of feline coronavirus that result in either effusive and noneffusive feline infectious peritonitis or enteritis. 33 Most asymptomatic cats with positive coronavirus-antibody titers have been previously infected by strains of feline enteric coronavirus or FIP coronavirus, which usually do not cause fatal disease by natural routes of infection. The susceptibility of cats to FIP disease may involve several predisposing factors, including age at time of exposure, genetic susceptibility, physical condition, stress, presence of concurrent disease (especially feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections), challenge dose and strain of feline coronavirus, route of infection, previous sensitization with nonprotective corona virus antibodies, and cell-mediated immunocompetence. Cats are susceptible to natural infection with several strains of feline coronavirus that may result in either effusive and noneffusive FIP disease or in subclinical to severe enteritis. abstract: Cats are susceptible to natural infection with several strains of feline coronavirus that result in either effusive and noneffusive feline infectious peritonitis or enteritis. Excretion of coronavirus by infected cats into the environment occurs by way of feces, oronasal secretions, and possibly urine. Clinical diagnosis of coronavirus infection is made by evaluating the case history, physical findings, laboratory results, and coronavirus antibody titers as well as ruling out analogous diseases. An intranasal temperature-sensitive feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus vaccine is available for use in healthy cats 16 weeks of age or older. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8380655/ doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(93)50001-3 id: cord-323932-l14sjufm author: Ishida, T title: Use of recombinant feline interferon and glucocorticoid in the treatment of feline infectious peritonitis date: 2004-02-25 words: 1678.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323932-l14sjufm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323932-l14sjufm.txt summary: A total of 12 clinically ill cats previously diagnosed as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were treated with a combination of recombinant feline interferon and glucocorticoid. Summary A total of 12 clinically ill cats previously diagnosed as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were treated with a combination of recombinant feline interferon and glucocorticoid. The criteria of the diagnosis included: antibiotics non-responsive chronic fever, low normal PCV values or mild non-regenerative anemia (PCV <32%; normal range 29-48%), hyperglobulinemia with electrophoretic evidence of polyclonal gammopathy, non-septic inflammatory ascites/pleural effusion (effusive) with characteristic findings, cytologic or pathologic evidence of pyogranuloma (dry-type), and FCoV serum antibody titer by an immunoperoxidase method using infected cell antigen. The maintenance therapy with the weekly doses of rFeIFN and prednisolone at 1 mg/kg PO every other day, the cat was healthy at 14 months from the diagnosis, when the treatment was terminated and the FCoV antibody was <1:100. abstract: A total of 12 clinically ill cats previously diagnosed as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were treated with a combination of recombinant feline interferon and glucocorticoid. A complete remission (over 2 years) and a partial remission (2 to 5 months) were observed in four (33.3%) and four (33.3%) cases, respectively. Those that survived for more than 2 years were all older cats (6 to 16 years old) with the effusive form of FIP. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15123155/ doi: 10.1016/j.jfms.2003.08.011 id: cord-304616-k92fa15l author: Izes, Aaron M. title: Assay validation and determination of in vitro binding of mefloquine to plasma proteins from clinically normal and FIP-affected cats date: 2020-08-05 words: 4208.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304616-k92fa15l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304616-k92fa15l.txt summary: title: Assay validation and determination of in vitro binding of mefloquine to plasma proteins from clinically normal and FIP-affected cats As cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) demonstrate altered concentrations of plasma proteins, the proportion of mefloquine binding to plasma proteins in both clinically normal cats and FIP-affected cats was also investigated. Consequently, the aim of this study was two-fold: first, to develop and validate a high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to detect mefloquine in feline plasma, and second, to determine the in vitro plasma protein binding of mefloquine in both clinically normal and FIP-affected cats. Here, although a significant difference was found between the plasma protein binding of mefloquine in clinically normal and FIP-affected cats, due to the unknown biological variability of the assay, it is likely that this difference is equivocal. This study has validated an accurate and reliable assay to detect mefloquine in feline plasma and demonstrated that mefloquine is highly plasma protein bound in both clinically normal and FIP-affected cats. abstract: The antimalarial agent mefloquine is currently being investigated for its potential to inhibit feline coronavirus and feline calicivirus infections. A simple, high pressure liquid chromatography assay was developed to detect mefloquine plasma concentrations in feline plasma. The assay’s lower limit of quantification was 250 ng/mL. The mean ± standard deviation intra- and inter-day precision expressed as coefficients of variation were 6.83 ± 1.75 and 5.33 ± 1.37%, respectively, whereas intra- and inter-day accuracy expressed as a percentage of the bias were 11.40 ± 3.73 and 10.59 ± 3.88%, respectively. Accordingly, this validated assay should prove valuable for future in vivo clinical trials of mefloquine as an antiviral agent against feline coronavirus and feline calicivirus. However, the proportion of mefloquine binding to feline plasma proteins has not been reported. The proportion of drug bound to plasma protein binding is an important concept when developing drug dosing regimens. As cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) demonstrate altered concentrations of plasma proteins, the proportion of mefloquine binding to plasma proteins in both clinically normal cats and FIP-affected cats was also investigated. An in vitro method using rapid equilibrium dialysis demonstrated that mefloquine was highly plasma protein bound in both populations (on average > 99%). url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236754 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236754 id: cord-285335-agm4zbcx author: Kennedy, Melissa title: Deletions in the 7a ORF of feline coronavirus associated with an epidemic of feline infectious peritonitis date: 2001-08-08 words: 2292.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285335-agm4zbcx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285335-agm4zbcx.txt summary: A population of Persian cats experienced an epidemic of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) over 2 years. Feline coronavirus (FCoV) genomic RNA was detected consistently in this study in biologic samples from adult cats, kittens suffering from FIP, and their siblings. Analysis of viral 7a/7b open reading frame (ORFs) were analyzed and revealed two distinct virus variants circulating in the population, one with an intact 7a ORF and one with two major deletions in the 7a ORF. Both virus variants were identified in one cat, the sire ''''Dan'''', as sequence analysis of clones from a single PCR from this animal revealed the presence of the 7a deletion mutant as well as the intact isolate (Dan 1 and 2 in Fig. 2 ). The sire of the majority of FIP kittens was dually infected with both virus variants as revealed by sequence analysis of cloned 7a/7b genes from this cat. abstract: A population of Persian cats experienced an epidemic of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) over 2 years. Twelve cases of FIP occurred in litters born during this period. Cats contracting FIP were all genetically related through the sire. Feline coronavirus (FCoV) genomic RNA was detected consistently in this study in biologic samples from adult cats, kittens suffering from FIP, and their siblings. Analysis of viral 7a/7b open reading frame (ORFs) were analyzed and revealed two distinct virus variants circulating in the population, one with an intact 7a ORF and one with two major deletions in the 7a ORF. The 7b ORFs were intact and similar among all virus isolates, although point mutations resulting in amino acid changes were present. The sire was determined to be infected with both variants, and was persistently virus-infected. We speculate the deletion variant arose from the non-deletion variant during viral replication in this population, possibly in the sire. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11390106/ doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00354-6 id: cord-283202-5fq1wxz8 author: Kent, Marc title: The cat with neurological manifestations of systemic disease. Key conditions impacting on the CNS date: 2009-05-31 words: 7327.0 sentences: 518.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.txt summary: This article reviews the clinical signs, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of four important systemic diseases with neurological consequences: feline infectious peritonitis, toxoplasmosis, hypertension and hepatic encephalopathy. A presumptive diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical signs, evidence of recent or active infection (gained via serology for immunoglobulins or immune complexes, or PCR), exclusion of other disease processes, and response to therapy. Consequently, affected cats often demonstrate signs relating to renal disease or hyperthyroidism, given the high prevalence of hypertension with these disorders. Hepatic encephalopathy is the clinical syndrome of abnormal neurological function caused by portosystemic shunting, with or without intrinsic liver disease. Use of anti-coronavirus antibody testing of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis involving the central nervous system in cats Non-invasive blood pressure measurements in cats: clinical significance of hypertension associated with chronic renal failure abstract: Practical relevance A number of systemic diseases are associated with neurological deficits. Most systemic diseases that impact on the nervous system result in multifocal neurological signs; however, isolated deficits can also be observed. This article reviews the clinical signs, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of four important systemic diseases with neurological consequences: feline infectious peritonitis, toxoplasmosis, hypertension and hepatic encephalopathy. Clinical challenges Early recognition of systemic signs of illness in conjunction with neurological deficits will allow for prompt diagnosis and treatment. While neurological examination of the feline patient can undoubtedly be challenging, hopefully the accompanying articles in this special issue will enable the clinician to approach these cases with more confidence. Evidence base The veterinary literature contains numerous reports detailing the impact of systemic disease on the nervous system. Unfortunately, very few references provide detailed descriptions of large cohorts of affected cats. This review summarises the literature underpinning the four key diseases under discussion. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1098612X09000837 doi: 10.1016/j.jfms.2009.03.007 id: cord-327352-cbnjsrmt author: Kipar, A title: Cellular composition, coronavirus antigen expression and production of specific antibodies in lesions in feline infectious peritonitis date: 1998-10-23 words: 4923.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327352-cbnjsrmt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327352-cbnjsrmt.txt summary: Diffuse alterations on serosal surfaces were represented either by activated mesothelial cells with single coronavirus antigen-bearing macrophages or by layers of precipitated exudate containing single to numerous granulomas with areas of necrosis. Single plasma-cells positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies were found around blood vessels distant from inflammatory alterations, within the lung parenchyma, as infiltrating cells in the mucosa of the small intestine, and in spleen and mesenteric lymph node. Based on immunohistological and histochemical characterization of inflammatory cells as well as the presence of coronavirus antigen and plasma-cells producing coronavirus-specific antibodies in the lesions of 23 cats with spontaneous FIP, this study describes the composition of alterations observed in FIP after natural infection. Viral antigen was moderately expressed in granulomas, in the periphery of which few plasma-cells producing coronavirus-specific antibodies were seen. abstract: Twenty-three cats with spontaneous feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were examined by light microscopy including immunohistology and histochemistry in order to determine the cellular composition and the expression of viral antigen in lesions in FIP. Furthermore, the presence of plasma-cells producing coronavirus-specific antibodies was evaluated in situ. Macrophages and neutrophils were demonstrated by an antibody against calprotectin (leukocyte protein L1, myeloid/histiocyte antigen), neutrophils were recognized due to their chloroacetate esterase activity, and B- and T-lymphocytes were identified by antibodies against the CD3 antigen and the CD45R antigen, respectively. Expression of viral antigen was immunohistologically demonstrated by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against coronavirus while coronavirus-specific antibodies in situ were identified by the application of feline coronavirus prior to the coronavirus antibody. Lesions were classified as diffuse alterations at serosal surfaces, granulomas with areas of necrosis, granulomas without extended necrosis, focal and perivascular lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates, and granulomatous-necrotizing vasculitis. Diffuse alterations on serosal surfaces were represented either by activated mesothelial cells with single coronavirus antigen-bearing macrophages or by layers of precipitated exudate containing single to numerous granulomas with areas of necrosis. In liver and spleen, the exudate was often underlaid by a small band of subcapsular B-cells with an occasional plasma-cell producing coronavirus-specific antibodies. In other locations, a variably broad band of B-cells and plasma-cells, often infiltrating between underlying muscle fibers, separated the exudate from the unaltered tissue. Some of these plasma-cells were positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies. In granulomas with areas of necrosis, the central necrosis was surrounded by macrophages usually expressing considerable amounts of viral antigen. Few B-cells and plasma-cells were found in the periphery. In granulomas without extended necrosis, the number of macrophages were lower. Only few macrophages expressing low amounts of viral antigen were present. B-cells and plasma-cells formed a broad rim. Few plasma-cells stained positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies. In both types of granulomas, few neutrophils were found between macrophages. Few T-cells were seen scattered throughout the lesions. Focal and perivascular lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates were mainly seen in omentum and leptomeninx. B-cells were the predominant cells; some plasma-cells were positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies. Viral antigen was not readily detected in these alterations. Granulomatous-necrotizing vasculitis was occasionally found in kidneys and leptomeninx. It was dominated by macrophages which often stained strongly positive for coronavirus antigen. Different types of alteration were often seen in the same animal and even the same tissue. There was no obvious correlation between the cat's age, gross pathological changes, and the histological types of alteration. Single plasma-cells positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies were found around blood vessels distant from inflammatory alterations, within the lung parenchyma, as infiltrating cells in the mucosa of the small intestine, and in spleen and mesenteric lymph node. Results show that alterations in FIP are heterogeneous concerning cellular composition and expression of viral antigen. The dominance of B-cells in part of the lesions together with the presence of plasma-cells positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies indicate that these cells may play a role in the maintenance of inflammatory processes in FIP. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165242798001585 doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00158-5 id: cord-284963-p0y5rrpb author: Kipar, Anja title: Natural feline coronavirus infection: Differences in cytokine patterns in association with the outcome of infection date: 2006-08-15 words: 6429.0 sentences: 314.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284963-p0y5rrpb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284963-p0y5rrpb.txt summary: The spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and bone marrow from naturally FCoV-infected cats with and without FIP and specific pathogen-free (SPF) control cats were examined for the quantity and activation state of monocytes/macrophages both by immunohistology and by quantitative real time PCR for the transcription of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage-CSF (M-CSF) and GM-CSF. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a well-known and widely distributed coronavirus (FCoV)-induced systemic disease in cats, characterised by fibrinousgranulomatous serositis with protein-rich effusions into body cavities, granulomatous-necrotising phlebitis and periphlebitis and granulomatous inflammatory lesions in several organs (Hayashi et al., 1977; Weiss and Scott, 1981; Kipar et al., 1998 Kipar et al., , 2005 . Taken together, our results indicate that IL-10 is a key cytokine in FCoV infection, ensuring an effective specific immune response, but avoiding the inflammatory processes associated with the development of FIP (Kipar et al., 2005) , by inhibiting the virus-induced macrophage activation. abstract: Natural and experimental feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection leads to systemic viral spread via monocyte-associated viraemia and induces systemic proliferation of monocytes/macrophages. In the majority of naturally infected animals, FCoV infection remains subclinical and is associated with generalised B and T cell hyperplasia, but no other pathological findings. A minority of cats, however, develop feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a fatal systemic granulomatous disease. This is generally accompanied by B and T cell depletion. The obvious functional differences of lymphatic tissues in FCoV-infected cats with and without FIP suggest that they contribute to the outcome of FCoV infection. This study attempted to evaluate the functional changes in haemolymphatic tissues after natural FCoV infection, with special emphasis on the magnitude, phenotype and function of the monocyte/macrophage population. The spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and bone marrow from naturally FCoV-infected cats with and without FIP and specific pathogen-free (SPF) control cats were examined for the quantity and activation state of monocytes/macrophages both by immunohistology and by quantitative real time PCR for the transcription of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage-CSF (M-CSF) and GM-CSF. Compared to cats with FIP, FCoV-infected cats without FIP exhibited significantly higher IL-10 levels in the spleen and significantly lower levels of IL-6, G- and M-CSF in mesenteric lymph nodes. In cats with FIP, however, IL-12 p40 levels were significantly lower in lymphatic tissues in comparison to both SPF cats and FCoV-infected cats without FIP. In comparison to SPF cats, FIP cats had significantly higher IL-1β levels and lower TNF levels in mesenteric lymph nodes and lower M-CSF levels in the spleen. Findings indicate that FCoV-infected cats which do not develop FIP are able to mount an effective FCoV-specific immune response and can avoid excessive macrophage activation and FIP, possibly by upregulation of IL-10 production. Development of FIP, however, might be due to a lack of IL-12 which inhibits an effective cellular immune response and allows for monocyte/macrophage activation and the development of FIP. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165242706000560 doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.02.004 id: cord-287157-6rwevq39 author: Kiss, I. title: Disease outcome and cytokine responses in cats immunized with an avirulent feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)-UCD1 and challenge-exposed with virulent FIPV-UCD8 date: 2004-02-25 words: 3035.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287157-6rwevq39.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287157-6rwevq39.txt summary: authors: Kiss, I.; Poland, A.M.; Pedersen, N.C. title: Disease outcome and cytokine responses in cats immunized with an avirulent feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)-UCD1 and challenge-exposed with virulent FIPV-UCD8 Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a highly fatal disease in Felidae caused by a coronavirus and usually affects cats between 6 months and 3 years of age (reviewed by Pedersen, 1995) . Three of eight vaccinated cats (nos 522, 616, 622) developed effusive FIP within 2 weeks of challengeexposure to FIPV-UCD8, typical of classical nonenhanced disease (Pedersen and Boyle, 1980) ( Table 1) . In this study, two of eight vaccinated cats (nos 524 and 625) appeared immune to challenge-exposure with virulent FIPV-UCD8 and two (nos 623 and 624) developed non-effusive FIP (indicative of partial immunity; Pedersen, 1995) . In the presented preliminary experiment, vaccination of cats with an attenuated live strain of FIPV-UCD1 appeared to induce a degree of protection, in that two of eight cats were immune and two more developed non-effusive FIP post challenge. abstract: Eight cats were immunized with an avirulent strain of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)-UCD1, then challenge-exposed to a highly virulent cat passaged strain (FIPV-UCD8). Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured throughout in the experiment. No clinical signs of FIP were evident in the experimental cats after immunization. After challenge, the immunized cats demonstrated one of four clinical outcomes: (1) classical effusive FIP; (2) accelerated FIP; (3) non-effusive FIP, or (4) resistance to challenge. Only minor cytokine changes were observed following immunization, however, several cytokine changes occurred following challenge-exposure. The most noteworthy changes were in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels. Our preliminary findings suggest that immunity against FIP is associated with TNF-α and IFN-γ response imbalance, with high TNF-α/low IFN-γ mRNA responses favouring disease and low TNF-α/high IFN-γ mRNA responses being indicative of immunity. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1098612X04000051 doi: 10.1016/j.jfms.2003.08.009 id: cord-329866-io9fvy58 author: Lorusso, Eleonora title: Discrepancies between feline coronavirus antibody and nucleic acid detection in effusions of cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis date: 2019-08-31 words: 2810.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329866-io9fvy58.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329866-io9fvy58.txt summary: With the aim to contribute to fill this diagnostic gap, a total of 61 effusions from cats with suspected effusive FIP were collected intra-vitam for detection of feline coronavirus (FCoV) antibodies and RNA by means of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay and real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. Fifty-one (48 ascitic and 3 pleuric fluids) of the 61 tested samples had FCoV antibody (Table 2 and Fig. 1 ), although only 37 positive effusions contained antibody levels ≥ 1:1600, which are considered highly suggestive of FIP diagnosis (Hartmann et al., 2003) . A recent paper (Meli et al., 2013) has investigated the agreement between FCoV antibody titres and RNA detection in the effusions of 13 cats with confirmed FIP, showing a correlation between high amounts of virus and lower signals in IIF assay, likely due to the fact that antibodies bound to viral antigens of the effusions are not able to bind to the antigens of the FCoV-infected cells used in serological tests. abstract: Abstract Intra-vitam diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a challenge for veterinary diagnosticians, since there are no highly specific and sensitive assays currently available. With the aim to contribute to fill this diagnostic gap, a total of 61 effusions from cats with suspected effusive FIP were collected intra-vitam for detection of feline coronavirus (FCoV) antibodies and RNA by means of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay and real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. In 5 effusions there was no evidence for either FCoV RNA or antibodies, 51 and 52 specimens tested positive by IIF and qRT-PCR, respectively, although antibody titres≥1:1600, which are considered highly suggestive of FIP, were detected only in 37 effusions. Three samples with high antibody levels tested negative by qRT-PCR, whereas 18 qRT-PCR positive effusions contained no or low-titre antibodies. qRT-PCR positive samples with low antibody titres mostly contained low FCoV RNA loads, although the highest antibody titres were detected in effusions with C T values>30. In conclusion, combining the two methods, i.e., antibody and RNA detection would help improving the intra-vitam diagnosis of effusive FIP. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0034528817306495 doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.10.004 id: cord-302161-ytr7ds8i author: Lutz, Mirjam title: FCoV Viral Sequences of Systemically Infected Healthy Cats Lack Gene Mutations Previously Linked to the Development of FIP date: 2020-07-24 words: 9906.0 sentences: 469.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302161-ytr7ds8i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302161-ytr7ds8i.txt summary: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)—the deadliest infectious disease of young cats in shelters or catteries—is induced by highly virulent feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) emerging in infected hosts after mutations of less virulent FCoVs. Previous studies have shown that some mutations in the open reading frames (ORF) 3c and 7b and the spike (S) gene have implications for the development of FIP, but mainly indirectly, likely also due to their association with systemic spread. Based on the hypothesis that certain mutations are essential for the capacity of FCoVs to spread systemically, the present study investigated a cohort of systemically infected healthy carrier cats at different time points post experimental infection for the presence of a range of mutations in the genes encoding for the S protein, NSP 3abc, and NSP 7b, which have been shown to have implications for the development of FIP. abstract: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)—the deadliest infectious disease of young cats in shelters or catteries—is induced by highly virulent feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) emerging in infected hosts after mutations of less virulent FCoVs. Previous studies have shown that some mutations in the open reading frames (ORF) 3c and 7b and the spike (S) gene have implications for the development of FIP, but mainly indirectly, likely also due to their association with systemic spread. The aim of the present study was to determine whether FCoV detected in organs of experimentally FCoV infected healthy cats carry some of these mutations. Viral RNA isolated from different tissues of seven asymptomatic cats infected with the field strains FCoV Zu1 or FCoV Zu3 was sequenced. Deletions in the 3c gene and mutations in the 7b and S genes that have been shown to have implications for the development of FIP were not detected, suggesting that these are not essential for systemic viral dissemination. However, deletions and single nucleotide polymorphisms leading to truncations were detected in all nonstructural proteins. These were found across all analyzed ORFs, but with significantly higher frequency in ORF 7b than ORF 3a. Additionally, a previously unknown homologous recombination site was detected in FCoV Zu1. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080603 doi: 10.3390/pathogens9080603 id: cord-023034-j8zwcfys author: Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E. title: Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus: II. Propagation in Suckling Mouse Brain date: 2010-05-13 words: 2273.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023034-j8zwcfys.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023034-j8zwcfys.txt summary: SUMMARY: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus multiplication was demonstrated in the brains of one‐day‐old laboratory mice using direct immunofluorescence tests. In order to determine the specificity of the observed fluorescence for FIP virus, indirect IFT were carried out in parallel on poslitive mouse brain sections (homologous reaction) and on porcine kidney cells infected with TGE virus (heterologous reaction). The conclusive experiment for establishing the FIP virus specificity of the immunofluorescence in mouse brain was performed by inoculating SPF kittens with fluorescence-positive material of the 6th mouse passage (isolation series A, Table 1 ). Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus multiplication was demonstrated in the brains of one-day-old laboratory mice using direct immunofluorescence tests. Specificity was assessed by virus reisolation, indirect immunofluorescence and reproduction of FIP after inoculation of SPF kittens using brain material from the 6th mouse passage. Specificity was assessed by virus reisolation, indirect immunofluorescence and reproduction of FIP after inoculation of SPF kittens using brain material from the 6th mouse passage. abstract: SUMMARY: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus multiplication was demonstrated in the brains of one‐day‐old laboratory mice using direct immunofluorescence tests. Specificity was assessed by virus reisolation, indirect immunofluorescence and reproduction of FIP after inoculation of SPF kittens using brain material from the 6th mouse passage. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Virus der felinen infektiösen Peritonitis II. Vermehrung im Gehirn von Säuglingsmäusen Mit Hilfe der direkten Immunofluoreszenz wurde die Vermehrung des Virus der Felinen Infektiösen Peritonitis (FIP) im Gehirn eintägiger Laboratoriumsmäuse nachgewiesen. Die Spezifität wurde durch Reisolierung des Virus und indirekte Immunofluoreszenz belegt, sowie durch die Auslösung der FIP nach Inokulation von Gehirnmaterial der sechsten Mäusepassage in SPF Katzenwelpen. RÉSUMÉ: Virus de la péritonite infectieuse du chat II. Multiplication dans le cerveau de la souris nouveau‐née A l'aide de l'immunofluorescence directe la multiplication du virus de la péritonite infectieuze féline a été démontrée dans le cerveau de la souris nouveau‐née. Epreuves de spécificité étaient le réisolement du virus, l'immunofluorescence indirecte et la reproduction de la maladie par inoculation de chats SPF utilisant du material cerveau provenant du 6ième passage en souris. RESUMEN: Virus de la peritonitis infecciosa del gato II. Multiplicación en cerebro de ratoncitos recién‐nacidos Utilizando la inmunofluorescencia directa se mostró la multiplicación en cerebro de ratoncitos recién‐nacidos del virus de la peritonitis infecciosa del gato. Se pudo evidenciar la especificidad por medio de re‐aislamiento del virus y de la inmunofluorescencia indirecta; además, se logró reproducir la enfermedad en gatos SPF, inoculándoles material del 6° pasaje en cerebros de ratoncitos. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7165968/ doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1978.tb01683.x id: cord-254375-otj044by author: Paltrinieri, S title: Some aspects of humoral and cellular immunity in naturally occuring feline infectious peritonitis date: 1998-10-23 words: 5148.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254375-otj044by.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254375-otj044by.txt summary: Haematology, antibody titers and serum protein electrophoresis from 48 cats (34 effusive and 14 noneffusive forms) affected with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were studied and compared with those of 20 healthy cats. Even if antibody-enhanced infection has been recently questioned (Olsen et al., 1992 (Olsen et al., , 1993 Addie et al., 1995) , many experimental results demonstrate that anti-FCoV antibodies facilitate the uptake of the virus by the macrophages (Hayashi et al., 1983; Stoddart and Scott, 1989 ; Barlough and Stoddart, 1990; Hohdatsu et al., 1994; Pedersen, 1995a) , and that immunocomplexes lead to a type III hypersensitivity reaction with disseminated intravascular coagulation and fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel''s walls, responsible for the effusions (Hayashi et al., 1977 (Hayashi et al., , 1978 Pedersen and Boyle, 1980; Weiss et al., 1980; Jacobse-Geels et al., 1980; Weiss and Scott, 1981; Fenner, 1987; Pastoret and Bourtonboy, 1991; Pedersen, 1995a) . To further understand the pathogenesis of the disease, parameters indicative of the involvement of humoral immunity (total and fractioned proteins and antibody titers in serum and in effusions), and the distribution of viral antigen and immune cells in the lesions were studied in cats with spontaneous FIP. abstract: Haematology, antibody titers and serum protein electrophoresis from 48 cats (34 effusive and 14 noneffusive forms) affected with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were studied and compared with those of 20 healthy cats. In the effusive form, antibody titers and protein electrophoresis in the effusions were analyzed. The distribution of the immune cells and of the virus in FIP lesions were also investigated immunohistochemically with the avidin–biotin complex (ABC) method, using antibodies against the FIP virus (FIPV), myelomonocytic (MAC387) and lymphoid (CD3, CD4 and CD8 for T-cells and IgM and IgG for B-cells) antigens. Seropositive animals (antibody titer>1:100) were present among both the FIP infected cats (73%) and the healthy cats (70%). Cats with effusive FIP had neutrophilic leukocytosis (P>0.05), lymphopenia (P<0.01) and eosinopenia (P<0.001). In both effusive and noneffusive forms decreased albumin/globulin ratio (P<0.001) with hypoalbuminemia (P<0.001), hyperglobulinemia (P<0.001) and increased α(2)- (P<0.05), β- (P<0.05) and γ-globulins (P<0.001) were found. Hypergammaglobulinemia was not related to the antibody titers, suggesting the presence of other proteins with γ-motility (e.g. complement fractions). The electrophoretic pattern of the effusions was always similar to that of the corresponding serum. Antibody titers higher than those of the corresponding serum were often detected in the effusions. Immunohistochemical findings were not related to the antibody titers, but they were related to the histological aspect of the lesions. In cellular foci of FIP lesions many virus-infected macrophages and few lymphocytes, mainly CD4(+), were found. Extracellular viral and myelomonocytic antigens were also detectable in the foci with intercellular necrosis. Only few FIPV-infected cells were present at the periphery of the larger necrotic foci: in these lesions MAC387(+) cells were mainly neutrophils, with many MAC387(−) macrophages, probably due to their activated state; a small number of lymphocytes, with an increasing percentage of CD8(+) cells was present. Lymphocytes were more abundant when cellular foci and FIP-infected macrophages were centered around neoformed vessels. IgM and IgG exposing B-cells were always few and scattered. In conclusion the simultaneous analysis of body fluids and of the cellular composition of the lesions showed a complex immune status, on which type III and type IV hypersensitivity could coexist. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016524279800155X doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00155-x id: cord-264315-3hum7rqm author: Paltrinieri, S title: Laboratory profiles in cats with different pathological and immunohistochemical findings due to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) date: 2001-09-30 words: 3784.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264315-3hum7rqm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264315-3hum7rqm.txt summary: Abstract Blood was collected from 55 cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and from 50 control cats in order to define whether differences in pathological findings and in distribution of feline coronaviruses (FCoV) can be associated with changes in haemograms, serum protein electrophoresis, and antibody titres. Based on the pathological findings or on the immunohistochemical distribution of viral antigen, FIP-affected cats were divided in the following groups: subacute against acute lesions; low against strong intensity of positivity; intracellular against extracellular positivities; positive against negative lymph nodes. Lymphopenia was more evident in cats with acute forms, strong intensity of positivity, extracellular antigen and negative lymph nodes. The haematological and serum protein profiles of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were in agreement with those reported in previous works (Sparkes et al 1991 , Pedersen 1995a , Paltrinieri et al 1998b . abstract: Abstract Blood was collected from 55 cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and from 50 control cats in order to define whether differences in pathological findings and in distribution of feline coronaviruses (FCoV) can be associated with changes in haemograms, serum protein electrophoresis, and antibody titres. Compared to controls, the whole group of FIP-affected cats had blood changes consistent with FIP. Based on the pathological findings or on the immunohistochemical distribution of viral antigen, FIP-affected cats were divided in the following groups: subacute against acute lesions; low against strong intensity of positivity; intracellular against extracellular positivities; positive against negative lymph nodes. Lymphopenia was more evident in cats with acute forms, strong intensity of positivity, extracellular antigen and negative lymph nodes. Cats with positive lymph nodes had the most evident changes in the protein estimations. These results suggest that differences in pathological findings might depend on different reactive patterns to the FCoVs. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1098612X01901263 doi: 10.1053/jfms.2001.0126 id: cord-253498-w6qfzpi4 author: Paltrinieri, Saverio title: Electrophoretic fractionation of creatine kinase isoenzymes and macroenzymes in clinically healthy dogs and cats and preliminary evaluation in central neurologic disease date: 2010-08-02 words: 4300.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253498-w6qfzpi4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253498-w6qfzpi4.txt summary: title: Electrophoretic fractionation of creatine kinase isoenzymes and macroenzymes in clinically healthy dogs and cats and preliminary evaluation in central neurologic disease Background: Information about the electrophoretic distribution of CK‐MM, CK‐MB, and CK‐BB, serum creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes that are indicators of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and brain lesions, respectively, and CK macroenzymes (macro‐CK1 and macro‐CK2) in dogs and cats with and without central neurologic disease is scant and equivocal. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe the electrophoretic distribution of CK isoenzymes and macroenzymes in healthy dogs and cats and to provide a preliminary assessment of the utility of CK enzymatic electrophoresis in dogs and cats with central neurologic disease. Conclusions: This study identified the electophoretic distribution of CK isoenzymes and macroenzymes of dogs and cats and provided encouraging data about the possible use of CK‐BB as a biomarker for canine neurologic disorders, but not for FIP. abstract: Background: Information about the electrophoretic distribution of CK‐MM, CK‐MB, and CK‐BB, serum creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes that are indicators of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and brain lesions, respectively, and CK macroenzymes (macro‐CK1 and macro‐CK2) in dogs and cats with and without central neurologic disease is scant and equivocal. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe the electrophoretic distribution of CK isoenzymes and macroenzymes in healthy dogs and cats and to provide a preliminary assessment of the utility of CK enzymatic electrophoresis in dogs and cats with central neurologic disease. Methods: Electrophoretic separation of serum CK isoenzymes and macroenzymes was performed on freeze‐thawed serum samples from 20 healthy dogs and 3 dogs with central neurologic disease and from 14 healthy cats and 6 cats with neurologic feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Electrophoretic separation was also performed on supernatants of homogenized brain, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle from both species, to assess the tissue distribution of isoenyzmes in dogs and cats. Results: CK‐MM was the predominant isoenzyme in the serum of healthy dogs and cats, followed by macro‐CK2 and CK‐BB in dogs and by both macroenzymes in cats. In dogs, CK‐MB was essentially absent from both serum and homogenized hearts. CK‐BB increased in dogs with neurologic disease. In cats, CK‐BB was essentially absent from serum, but was present in brain homogenates. Two of 6 cats with FIP had increased macro‐CK1 and increased CK‐BB activity. Conclusions: This study identified the electophoretic distribution of CK isoenzymes and macroenzymes of dogs and cats and provided encouraging data about the possible use of CK‐BB as a biomarker for canine neurologic disorders, but not for FIP. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165x.2010.00242.x doi: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2010.00242.x id: cord-336332-9d1h68mi author: Paltrinieri, Saverio title: Expression patterns in feline blood and tissues of α(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and of an AGP-related protein (AGPrP) date: 2003 words: 3687.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336332-9d1h68mi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336332-9d1h68mi.txt summary: Immunoblotting with a polyclonal antibody against fAGP and with a monoclonal antibody against hAGP was performed on serum from healthy cats, from cats exposed to feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection and from cats with purulent inflammations, such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). fAGP did not react with the anti-hAGP antibody which, in contrast, detected in feline serum a low MW protein that we called fAGP-related protein (fAGPrP). In contrast, the anti-hAGP detected an AGP-related protein whose blood concentration and tissue distribution was not related to that of fAGP. In order to investigate the distribution of fAGP and of fAGPrP in different feline pathological conditions, immunoblotting was repeated on serum from cats with purulent inflammations, FIV, FeLV and FIP, and from Fig. 2 Immunoblotting of hAGP and fAGP using as primary antibody the anti hAGP monoclonal antibody (a) or the anti fAGP polyclonal antibody (b). abstract: α(1)-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an acute-phase protein (APP) that modulates immune responses, probably – at least in humans – owing to the modification of its glycosylation pattern. On this perspective, feline AGP can be a useful comparative model, as it has different concentrations in cats susceptible or resistant to some disease. As a preliminary approach to the study of feline AGP (fAGP) we have purified this protein from feline serum by HPLC using human AGP (hAGP) as a model. Immunoblotting with a polyclonal antibody against fAGP and with a monoclonal antibody against hAGP was performed on serum from healthy cats, from cats exposed to feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection and from cats with purulent inflammations, such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Immunohistochemistry on tissues from healthy cats and from cats with different diseases (FIP, FIV, FeLV, locally extensive inflammation) was also performed with the same antibodies. Both hAGP and fAGP have been purified to homogenity as determined by SDS-PAGE. fAGP did not react with the anti-hAGP antibody which, in contrast, detected in feline serum a low MW protein that we called fAGP-related protein (fAGPrP). This protein was underexpressed in cats with FeLV and FIP. Both fAGP and fAGPrP were immunohistochemically detected in plasma and hepatocytes with a stronger intensity in cats with FIP and some inflammatory conditions. Moreover, fAGPrP was detected in the cytoplasm of tissue cells, most likely identifiable with plasma cells. These cells were rarely detectable in cats with FIV and FeLV, and numerous in cats with FIP and with locally extensive inflammation. In conclusion, purified fAGP has physicochemical characteristics similar to those of hAGP, but does not cross-react with anti-hAGP antibodies. In contrast, the anti-hAGP detected an AGP-related protein whose blood concentration and tissue distribution was not related to that of fAGP. Moreover, both fAGP and fAGPrP were differently expressed in cats with pathologic conditions compared to controls. Further study of these proteins by analysing their structural characteristics is required. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-003-0489-8 doi: 10.1007/s00580-003-0489-8 id: cord-023121-hewbl5yu author: Parodi, M. Cammarata title: Using direct immunofluorescence to detect coronaviruses in peritoneal in peritoneal and pleural effusions date: 2008-04-10 words: 2388.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023121-hewbl5yu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023121-hewbl5yu.txt summary: Twenty‐one cases of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were diagnosed using a direct immunofluorescence test on cytocentrifuged pleural and peritoneal effusions from cats sampled in vivo (11 cases) and at necropsy (10 cases). In the remaining 2 1 cats, the clinical diagnosis of FIP was confirmed by pathological and histological findings and was also confirmed in 10 of these cases by a positive DIF test carried out on cryostatic sections of affected organs. A marked disagreement between the result from the DIF test on ascitic fluid and the final FIP diagnosis was found in only one case (case 11; Table 1) which at the age of four months showed clinical signs of thoracic effusions with fever. The cases where pathological entities different to FIP were identified and where the DIF test had never been positive on either the samples of the effusions or the cryostatic sections of affected organs were useful negative controls. abstract: Twenty‐one cases of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were diagnosed using a direct immunofluorescence test on cytocentrifuged pleural and peritoneal effusions from cats sampled in vivo (11 cases) and at necropsy (10 cases). A commercial fluorescent polyclonal antiserum of feline origin reacting with FIPV and cross reacting with transmissible gastroenteritis virus and canine coronavirus was used. Eleven cats with ascites of a different origin were used as negative controls. The direct immunofluorescence test was 97 per cent reliable (31 cases of 32) and can be used in routine diagnosis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166958/ doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1993.tb02591.x id: cord-323805-9n63ms3c author: Pedersen, Niels C. title: The influence of age and genetics on natural resistance to experimentally induced feline infectious peritonitis date: 2014-11-15 words: 5750.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323805-9n63ms3c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323805-9n63ms3c.txt summary: The cats were from several studies conducted over the past 5 years, and as a result, some of them had prior exposure to feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) or avirulent FIPVs. The cats were housed under optimized conditions of nutrition, husbandry, and quarantine to eliminate most of the cofactors implicated in FIPV infection outcome and were uniformly challenge exposed to the same field strain of serotype 1 FIPV. The cats were from several studies conducted over the past 5 years, and as a result, some of them had prior exposure to feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) or avirulent FIPVs. The cats were housed under optimized conditions of nutrition, husbandry, and quarantine to eliminate most of the cofactors implicated in FIPV infection outcome and were uniformly challenge exposed to the same field strain of serotype 1 FIPV. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 73 cats that died of FIP after one or more exposures (cases) and 34 cats that survived (controls) demonstrated four significant associations after 100k permutations. abstract: Naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is usually fatal, giving the impression that immunity to the FIP virus (FIPV) is extremely poor. This impression may be incorrect, because not all cats experimentally exposed to FIPV develop FIP. There is also a belief that the incidence of FIP may be affected by a number of host, virus, and environmental cofactors. However, the contribution of these cofactors to immunity and disease incidence has not been determined. The present study followed 111 random-bred specific pathogen free (SPF) cats that were obtained from a single research breeding colony and experimentally infected with FIPV. The cats were from several studies conducted over the past 5 years, and as a result, some of them had prior exposure to feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) or avirulent FIPVs. The cats were housed under optimized conditions of nutrition, husbandry, and quarantine to eliminate most of the cofactors implicated in FIPV infection outcome and were uniformly challenge exposed to the same field strain of serotype 1 FIPV. Forty of the 111 (36%) cats survived their initial challenge exposure to a Type I cat-passaged field strains of FIPV. Six of these 40 survivors succumbed to FIP to a second or third challenge exposure, suggesting that immunity was not always sustained. Exposure to non-FIP-inducing feline coronaviruses prior to challenge with virulent FIPV did not significantly affect FIP incidence but did accelerate the disease course in some cats. There were no significant differences in FIP incidence between males and females, but resistance increased significantly between 6 months and 1 or more years of age. Genetic testing was done on 107 of the 111 infected cats. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) segregated the 107 cats into three distinct families based primarily on a common sire(s), and resistant and susceptible cats were equally distributed within each family. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 73 cats that died of FIP after one or more exposures (cases) and 34 cats that survived (controls) demonstrated four significant associations after 100k permutations. When these same cats were analyzed using a sib-pair transmission test, three of the four associations were confirmed although not with genome-wide significance. GWAS was then done on three different age groups of cases to take into account age-related resistance, and different associations were observed. The only common and strong association identified between the various GWAS case configurations was for the 34.7–45.8 Mb region of chromosome A3. No obvious candidate genes were present in this region. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.09.001 doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.09.001 id: cord-351955-9l4786lb author: Pedersen, Niels C. title: Significance of Coronavirus Mutants in Feces and Diseased Tissues of Cats Suffering from Feline Infectious Peritonitis date: 2009-08-26 words: 6785.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351955-9l4786lb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351955-9l4786lb.txt summary: Complete structural (S, E, M, N) and accessory (3a-c and 7 a, b) gene sequences were obtained from diseased omentum of the four related cats that died of FIP and the isolates designated were FIPV-UCD11, 12, 13 and 14 ( Table 1 ). The coronavirus isolated from Lucy''s feces (designated FECV-UCD3) had an intact (i.e., wild type or non-deliterious) 3c and its sequence was otherwise 99% identical to the sequence of FIPV-UCD14 found in her diseased omentum. FECV-UCD4, was most closely related to the FIPV isolated from Lucy and was 99.7% related to the consensus nucleotide sequences of coronaviruses obtained from the four related FIP cats ( Figure 1 , Table 2 ). The 3c gene sequence of the fecal virus of cat 388406 was intact and ≥99% related to the FIPV found in diseased tissue ( Table 2 ). abstract: The internal FECV→FIPV mutation theory and three of its correlates were tested in four sibs/half-sib kittens, a healthy contact cat, and in four unrelated cats that died of FIP at geographically disparate regions. Coronavirus from feces and extraintestinal FIP lesions from the same cat were always >99% related in accessory and structural gene sequences. SNPs and deletions causing a truncation of the 3c gene product were found in almost all isolates from the diseased tissues of the eight cats suffering from FIP, whereas most, but not all fecal isolates from these same cats had intact 3c genes. Other accessory and structural genes appeared normal in both fecal and lesional viruses. Deliterious mutations in the 3c gene were unique to each cat, indicating that they did not originate in one cat and were subsequently passed horizontally to the others. Compartmentalization of the parental and mutant forms was not absolute; virus of lesional type was sometimes found in feces of affected cats and virus identical to fecal type was occasionally identified in diseased tissues. Although 3c gene mutants in this study were not horizontally transmitted, the parental fecal virus was readily transmitted by contact from a cat that died of FIP to its housemate. There was a high rate of mutability in all structural and accessory genes both within and between cats, leading to minor genetic variants. More than one variant could be identified in both diseased tissues and feces of the same cat. Laboratory cats inoculated with a mixture of two closely related variants from the same FIP cat developed disease from one or the other variant, but not both. Significant genetic drift existed between isolates from geographically distinct regions of the Western US. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/v1020166 doi: 10.3390/v1020166 id: cord-308557-mvu97jsu author: Pesteanu-Somogyi, Loretta D. title: Prevalence of feline infectious peritonitis in specific cat breeds() date: 2005-07-01 words: 2236.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308557-mvu97jsu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308557-mvu97jsu.txt summary: Although known that purebreed cats are more likely to develop feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), previous studies have not examined the prevalence of disease in individual breeds. Other factors that have been less commonly reported to be associated with an increased disease prevalence include season (more cases are typically diagnosed in winter), FeLV infection, an increase in factors associated with ''stress'', high coronavirus antibody titer, regular introduction of new cats to a cattery, and increased frequency of coronavirus shedding (Kass and Dent 1995 , McReynolds and Macy 1997 , Foley et al 1997a , Rohrbach et al 2001 . Although the increased prevalence of FIP in purebreed cats has been previously reported, this is the first time that a predisposition of specific breeds to the development of disease has been examined (Robison et al 1971 , Rohrbach et al 2001 . abstract: Although known that purebreed cats are more likely to develop feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), previous studies have not examined the prevalence of disease in individual breeds. All cats diagnosed with FIP at a veterinary teaching hospital over a 16-year period were identified. Breed, sex and reproductive status of affected cats were compared to the general cat population and to mixed breed cats evaluated during the same period. As with previous studies sexually intact cats and purebreed cats were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with FIP; males and young cats also had a higher prevalence of disease. Abyssinians, Bengals, Birmans, Himalayans, Ragdolls and Rexes had a significantly higher risk, whereas Burmese, Exotic Shorthairs, Manxes, Persians, Russian Blues and Siamese cats were not at increased risk for development of FIP. Although additional factors doubtlessly influence the relative prevalence of FIP, this study provides additional guidance when prioritizing differentials in ill purebreed cats. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1098612X0500080X doi: 10.1016/j.jfms.2005.04.003 id: cord-319685-dw0qsl4s author: Porter, Emily title: Amino acid changes in the spike protein of feline coronavirus correlate with systemic spread of virus from the intestine and not with feline infectious peritonitis date: 2014-04-25 words: 5690.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319685-dw0qsl4s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319685-dw0qsl4s.txt summary: Recent evidence suggests that a mutation in the spike protein gene of feline coronavirus (FCoV), which results in an amino acid change from methionine to leucine at position 1058, may be associated with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Tissue and faecal samples collected post mortem from cats diagnosed with or without FIP were subjected to RNA extraction and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to detect FCoV RNA. Data evaluating FCoV relative copy numbers in tissue and faecal samples from cats with and without FIP were analysed using a multilevel modelling approach (MLwiN v2.27) [25] , to account for the repeated measures within cats, and a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Moreover, the majority (77%) of FCoV RNA sequences in faecal samples from cats with FIP had a methionine codon at position 1058 in the FCoV S protein gene, suggesting that these animals were shedding an enteric form of the virus. abstract: Recent evidence suggests that a mutation in the spike protein gene of feline coronavirus (FCoV), which results in an amino acid change from methionine to leucine at position 1058, may be associated with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Tissue and faecal samples collected post mortem from cats diagnosed with or without FIP were subjected to RNA extraction and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to detect FCoV RNA. In cats with FIP, 95% of tissue, and 81% of faecal samples were PCR-positive, as opposed to 22% of tissue, and 60% of faecal samples in cats without FIP. Relative FCoV copy numbers were significantly higher in the cats with FIP, both in tissues (P < 0.001) and faeces (P = 0.02). PCR-positive samples underwent pyrosequencing encompassing position 1058 of the FCoV spike protein. This identified a methionine codon at position 1058, consistent with the shedding of an enteric form of FCoV, in 77% of the faecal samples from cats with FIP, and in 100% of the samples from cats without FIP. In contrast, 91% of the tissue samples from cats with FIP and 89% from cats without FIP had a leucine codon at position 1058, consistent with a systemic form of FCoV. These results suggest that the methionine to leucine substitution at position 1058 in the FCoV spike protein is indicative of systemic spread of FCoV from the intestine, rather than a virus with the potential to cause FIP. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24767677/ doi: 10.1186/1297-9716-45-49 id: cord-271078-zyy8gx25 author: Sharif, Saeed title: Descriptive distribution and phylogenetic analysis of feline infectious peritonitis virus isolates of Malaysia date: 2010-01-06 words: 2119.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271078-zyy8gx25.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271078-zyy8gx25.txt summary: title: Descriptive distribution and phylogenetic analysis of feline infectious peritonitis virus isolates of Malaysia The descriptive distribution and phylogeny of feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) were studied in cats suspected of having feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in Malaysia. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a highly fatal disease of cats caused by generalized infection with a feline coronavirus (FCoV). Two biotypes of FCoV are described in cats: feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). In present study, a conserved region of 3''untranslated region (3''UTR) is used to detect FCoV and determine the descriptive distribution and phylogeny of local isolates in FIP-suspected cats. An enteric coronavirus infection of cats and its relationship to feline infectious peritonitis Phylogenetic analysis of feline coronavirus isolates from healthy cats in Malaysia Quasispecies composition and phylogenetic analysis of feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) in naturally infected cats Descriptive distribution and phylogenetic analysis of feline infectious peritonitis virus isolates of Malaysia abstract: The descriptive distribution and phylogeny of feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) were studied in cats suspected of having feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in Malaysia. Ascitic fluids and/or biopsy samples were subjected to a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeted for a conserved region of 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of the FCoV genome. Eighty nine percent of the sampled animals were positive for the presence of FCoV. Among the FCoV positive cats, 80% of cats were males and 64% were below 2 years of age. The FCoV positive cases included 56% domestic short hair (DSH), 40% Persian, and 4% Siamese cats. The nucleotide sequences of 10 selected amplified products from FIP cases were determined. The sequence comparison revealed that the field isolates had 96% homology with a few point mutations. The extent of homology decreased to 93% when compared with reference strains. The overall branching pattern of phylogenetic tree showed two distinct clusters, where all Malaysian isolates fall into one main genetic cluster. These findings provided the first genetic information of FCoV in Malaysia. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-52-1 doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-52-1 id: cord-306829-88nihy7q author: Sharif, Saeed title: Diagnostic Methods for Feline Coronavirus: A Review date: 2010-07-28 words: 3829.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306829-88nihy7q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306829-88nihy7q.txt summary: Infection with FCoV can result in a diverse range of signs from clinically inapparent infections to a highly fatal disease called feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The currently available serological tests have low specificity and sensitivity for detection of active infection and cross-react with FCoV strains of low pathogenicity, the feline enteric coronaviruses (FECV). Therefore, a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay that could determine the amount of viral mRNA in blood may be able to better differentiate FCoV-positive healthy cats from FIP cases. Detection of feline coronaviruses by culture and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of blood samples from healthy cats and cats with clinical feline infectious peritonitis Protein electrophoresis on effusions from cats as a diagnostic test for feline infectious peritonitis Detection of feline coronavirus RNA in feces, tissues, and body fluids of naturally infected cats by reverse transcriptase PCR Detection of feline coronavirus RNA in feces, tissues, and body fluids of naturally infected cats by reverse transcriptase PCR abstract: Feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) are found throughout the world. Infection with FCoV can result in a diverse range of signs from clinically inapparent infections to a highly fatal disease called feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). FIP is one of the most serious viral diseases of cats. While there is neither an effective vaccine, nor a curative treatment for FIP, a diagnostic protocol for FCoV would greatly assist in the management and control of the virus. Clinical findings in FIP are non-specific and not helpful in making a differential diagnosis. Haematological and biochemical abnormalities in FIP cases are also non-specific. The currently available serological tests have low specificity and sensitivity for detection of active infection and cross-react with FCoV strains of low pathogenicity, the feline enteric coronaviruses (FECV). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been used to detect FCoV and is rapid and sensitive, but results must be interpreted in the context of clinical findings. At present, a definitive diagnosis of FIP can be established only by histopathological examination of biopsies. This paper describes and compares diagnostic methods for FCoVs and includes a brief account of the virus biology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis. url: https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/809480 doi: 10.4061/2010/809480 id: cord-336639-jaue41mv author: Simons, Fermin A. title: A mRNA PCR for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis date: 2004-12-21 words: 3042.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336639-jaue41mv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336639-jaue41mv.txt summary: A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of feline coronavirus (FCoV) messenger RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is described. The reason for this discrepancy became clear when the biological and genetic properties of FECV and FIPV isolates had been studied (Addie and Jarrett, 1992; Hohdatsu et al., 1992; Horzinek and Osterhaus, 1979) : the avirulent FCoV strains causing inconspicuous infections are responsible for the high seroprevalence; in cats experiencing some immunosuppressive event, expansion of the quasispecies cloud and mutations in the FECV genome lead to virulent variants that induce FIP (Vennema et al., 1998) . Detection of feline coronaviruses by culture and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of blood samples from healthy cats and cats with clinical feline infectious peritonitis abstract: A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of feline coronavirus (FCoV) messenger RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is described. The assay is evaluated as a diagnostic test for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). It is based on a well-documented key event in the development of FIP: the replication of virulent FCoV mutants in monocytes/macrophages. To detect most feline coronavirus field strains, the test was designed to amplify subgenomic mRNA of the highly conserved M gene. The test was applied to 1075 feline blood samples (424 from healthy, 651 from sick cats suspected of FIP) and returned 46% of the diseased cats as positive for feline coronavirus mRNA in their peripheral blood cells; of the healthy cats, 5% tested positive. Of a group of 81 animals in which FIP had been confirmed by post-mortem examination, 75 (93%) tested positive, whereas 17 cats with different pathologies (non-FIP cases) all tested negative. In view of the low rate of false-positive results (high specificity) the mRNA RT-PCR may be a valuable addition to the diagnostic arsenal for FIP. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166093404003477 doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.11.012 id: cord-322317-wsagoy52 author: Stranieri, Angelica title: Concordance between Histology, Immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis date: 2020-10-18 words: 7552.0 sentences: 328.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322317-wsagoy52.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322317-wsagoy52.txt summary: Histology, IHC, and nested RT-PCR (RT-nPCR) for feline coronavirus (FCoV) were performed on spleen, liver, mesenteric lymph node, kidney, large and small intestine, and lung from 14 FIP and 12 non-FIP cats. In the FIP group, the tissues that most often showed typical FIP histological lesions (Table 2) were the lung, kidney, and mesenteric lymph node, followed by the liver and spleen, while the small and large intestine were the organs less frequently affected by lesions imputable to FIP. In particular, this occurred in the same 6 cases from the non FIP group and in 15/21 FIP tissues in which histology was classified as negative and RT-nPCR was positive (spleen of cats n • 1 and 3, liver of cat n • 14, lymph nodes of cats n • 1, 2, and 14, kidney of cats n • 5, 12, and 13, small intestine of cats n • 9 and 12, large intestine of cats n • 2, 9, and 12 and lung of cat n • 14), whose histological findings have been described above. abstract: Histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have been used to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), but no information regarding the comparison of their diagnostic performances on the same organ is available. The aims of this study were to determine the concordance among these tests and to evaluate which combination of tests and organs can be used in vivo. Histology, IHC, and nested RT-PCR (RT-nPCR) for feline coronavirus (FCoV) were performed on spleen, liver, mesenteric lymph node, kidney, large and small intestine, and lung from 14 FIP and 12 non-FIP cats. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and concordance were calculated. IHC and RT-nPCR had the highest concordance in lung and liver, histology and IHC in the other organs. The sensitivity of histology, IHC, and RT-nPCR on the different organs ranged from 41.7 to 76.9%, 46.2 to 76.9%, and 64.3 to 85.7%, respectively, and their specificity ranged from 83.3 to 100.0%, 100% and 83.3 to 100.0%. Therefore, IHC is recommended when histology is consistent with FIP. If RT-nPCR is performed as the first diagnostic approach, results should always be confirmed with IHC. Lung or liver provide accurate information regardless of the method, while IHC is preferred to RT-nPCR to confirm FIP in the kidney or intestine. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33081040/ doi: 10.3390/pathogens9100852 id: cord-258374-qht98q0l author: Takano, Tomomi title: Neutrophil survival factors (TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF) produced by macrophages in cats infected with feline infectious peritonitis virus contribute to the pathogenesis of granulomatous lesions date: 2009-04-03 words: 3690.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258374-qht98q0l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258374-qht98q0l.txt summary: title: Neutrophil survival factors (TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF) produced by macrophages in cats infected with feline infectious peritonitis virus contribute to the pathogenesis of granulomatous lesions Furthermore, it was investigated whether macrophages, one of the target cells of FIPV infection, produce neutrophil survival factors (TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF). The neutrophil survival rates were significantly increased in the presence of the culture supernatant of macrophages infected with the mixture of FIPV and MAb 6-4-2 compared to those in the presence of other supernatants (Fig. 5) . When SPF-cat-derived alveolar macrophages were infected with a mixture of FIPV and MAb 6-4-2, the intracellular TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF mRNA levels increased (Fig. 6 ). These cytokine mRNA levels were also elevated in macrophages infected with FIPV and MAb 6-4-2, clarifying the presence of neutrophil survival factors in the macrophage culture supernatant. It was suggested that: (1) FIPV-infected macrophages release TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF in response to virus replication, and (2) these cytokines act on neutrophils and prolong their survival. abstract: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a feline coronavirus (FCoV)-induced fatal disease of domestic and wild cats. The infiltration of neutrophils into granulomatous lesions is unusual for a viral disease, but it is a typical finding of FIP. This study aimed to investigate the reason for the lesions containing neutrophils in cats with FIP. Neutrophils of cats with FIP were cultured, and changes in the cell survival rate were assessed. In addition, the presence or absence of neutrophil survival factors was investigated in specimens collected from cats with FIP. Furthermore, it was investigated whether macrophages, one of the target cells of FIPV infection, produce neutrophil survival factors (TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF). We showed that virus-infected macrophages overproduce neutrophil survival factors, and these factors act on neutrophils and up-regulate their survival. These observations suggest that sustained production of neutrophil survival factors by macrophages during FCoV infection is sufficient for neutrophil survival and contributes to development of granulomatous lesions. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-009-0371-3 doi: 10.1007/s00705-009-0371-3 id: cord-276617-chgjpg0v author: Takano, Tomomi title: B-cell activation in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) by FIP-virus-induced B-cell differentiation/survival factors date: 2008-11-30 words: 3971.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276617-chgjpg0v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276617-chgjpg0v.txt summary: The present study shows that: (1) the ratio of peripheral blood sIg(+) CD21(−) B-cells was higher in cats with FIP than in SPF cats, (2) the albumin-to-globulin ratio has negative correlation with the ratio of peripheral blood sIg(+) CD21(−) B-cell, (3) cells strongly expressing mRNA of the plasma cell master gene, B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1), were increased in peripheral blood in cats with FIP, (4) mRNA expression of B-cell differentiation/survival factors, IL-6, CD40 ligand, and B-cell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF), was enhanced in macrophages in cats with FIP, and (5) mRNAs of these B-cell differentiation/survival factors were overexpressed in antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)-induced macrophages. We also collected macrophages from FIP cats and measured the expression levels of the viral RNA and mRNA of B-cell differentiation/survival factors: IL-6, CD40 ligand (CD40L), and Bcell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF). abstract: It has been suggested that antibody overproduction plays a role in the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). However, only a few studies on the B-cell activation mechanism after FIP virus (FIPV) infection have been reported. The present study shows that: (1) the ratio of peripheral blood sIg(+) CD21(−) B-cells was higher in cats with FIP than in SPF cats, (2) the albumin-to-globulin ratio has negative correlation with the ratio of peripheral blood sIg(+) CD21(−) B-cell, (3) cells strongly expressing mRNA of the plasma cell master gene, B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1), were increased in peripheral blood in cats with FIP, (4) mRNA expression of B-cell differentiation/survival factors, IL-6, CD40 ligand, and B-cell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF), was enhanced in macrophages in cats with FIP, and (5) mRNAs of these B-cell differentiation/survival factors were overexpressed in antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)-induced macrophages. These data suggest that virus-infected macrophages overproduce B-cell differentiation/survival factors, and these factors act on B-cells and promote B-cell differentiation into plasma cells in FIPV-infected cats. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-008-0265-9 doi: 10.1007/s00705-008-0265-9 id: cord-014527-nvzfpntu author: nan title: Research Communications of the 25th ECVIM‐CA Congress date: 2015-11-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4913621/ doi: 10.1111/jvim.13647 id: cord-022555-a7ie82fs author: nan title: Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity date: 2011-12-05 words: 66452.0 sentences: 3846.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt summary: One study found that, of cats investigated for gastrointestinal disease, 9 of 33 cats (27%) had no pathology recognized proximal to the jejunum (i.e., the effective length of diagnostic endoscopes would have precluded diagnosis), and other organs were affected in 9 of 10 cats with inflammatory bowel diseases and 7 of 8 cats with intestinal small cell lymphoma. 60, 64 Quantification of serum cobalamin levels is recommended in cats with clinical signs of small bowel diarrhea, ones suspected to have an infiltrative disease of the small intestine (inflammatory bowel disease or gastrointestinal lymphoma), or ones with pancreatic dysfunction. Survey radiographs may be normal in cats with esophagitis and strictures, but are useful to rule out other causes for the clinical signs, such as a foreign body, or to detect related problems, such as aspiration pneumonia. 8, 29 Other non-neoplastic causes reported for gastric or gastroduodenal ulceration in cats include parasites (e.g., Ollulanus tricuspis, Toxocara cati, Aonchotheca putorii, Gnathostoma spp.), bacterial infections, toxins, inflammatory bowel disease, and foreign bodies. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158306/ doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0660-4.00023-5 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel