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id: cord-345024-dtsi9qit
pos: JJ
token:
  theguardian.com/environment/2016/dec/19/campaigners-dismiss-christmas-electricity-blackout-report-as-laughable

lemma:
  theguardian.com/environment/2016/dec/19/campaigners-dismiss-christmas-electricity-blackout-report-as-laughable


id: cord-345024-dtsi9qit
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.dw.com/en/environmental-groups-hit-backas-german-coal-companies-try-to-sue-eu/a-42801965

lemma:
  https://www.dw.com/en/environmental-groups-hit-backas-german-coal-companies-try-to-sue-eu/a-42801965


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  Monte Carlo Data Efficiency of Alchemical Free Energy Simulations I Practical Comparison of the Exponential Formula Thermodynamic Integration


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  Bayesian Estimation of Free Energies From Equilibrium Simulations Unorthodox Uses of Bennett s Acceptance Ratio Method Multiscale Free Energy Simulations


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  Minimal Energy Cost for Thermodynamic Information Processing Measurement and Information Erasure Comment on Minimal Energy Cost for Thermodynamic Information Processing Measurement and Information Erasure


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  Generative Models for Automatic Chemical Design Automatic Chemical Design Using a Data Driven Continuous Representation


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  Analyzing Learned Molecular Representations for Property Prediction Cormorant Covariant Molecular Neural Networks Tensor


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  Tongji University Operation Management of Complex and Mega Projects China Shanghai Hospital Development Center


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  Electro Pulse Boring An Experimental Rock breaking Technology for Low cost Access to Ubiquitous Inexhaustible Autonomous Ultra


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  the Implementation of the Directive on the Deployment of Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Good Practice Examples Gas


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  spike glycoprotein S envelope glycoprotein E membrane glycoprotein M nucleocapsid protein N and nonstructural proteins


id: cord-293304-kakxmc14
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  Vitro Introducing New Antimalarial Analogues of Chloroquine and Amodiaquine A Narrative Review Iran Chloroquine Analogs


id: cord-293304-kakxmc14
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  Plasmodium Falciparum Synthesis Biological Evaluation and Docking Simulation Study Asian Pac Pi Interactions


id: cord-293304-kakxmc14
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  Reducing Plasmodium Falciparum Transmission Primaquine Therapy for Malaria Analysis for Antioxidant Activity of Dipicolinic Acid Derivatives QSAR Study of Anti Human African Trypanosomiasis Activity


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  The New York Times The Limits to Growth A Report For The Club of Rome s Project On the Predicament of Mankind


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  I S industry e g hydrogen based steel making 159 160 The number of industrial installations covered by the Industrial Emission Directive IED


id: cord-304887-7ly692to
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  iron H DRI 51 52 The EU reach is rarely addressed Recently Mayer et al 53 made a top down macroeconomic analysis of a currently considered technological change in the EU I S


id: cord-304887-7ly692to
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  The Impact of the European Steel Industry on the EU Economy Breaking through Industrial Low CO2 Technologies on the Horizon European Commission Finance for Innovation Towards the ETS Innovation Fund Zero Emissions Platform Climate


id: cord-304887-7ly692to
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  the Effectiveness of Innovation Policy Intervention Project European Commisssion Communication For a European Industrial Renaissance Investing


id: cord-304887-7ly692to
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  Wissenchaften Governance for the European Energy Union Approaching Sustainable Energy Management Operations


id: cord-345024-dtsi9qit
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  Und Konventionell Um 6 3 Prozent Zurück United Nations Environment Programme UNFCCC 2015 Paris Agreement Paris United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Fakten und Trends Current challenges of germany s energy transition project


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  Powering Past Coal Alliance Declaration UK Government Historical Coal Data Coal Production Availability and Consumption Supply and Consumption of Coal UK Becomes First Major Economy to Pass Net Zero Emissions Law Historical Coal Data Coal Production Availability and Consumption Historical Electricty Data Energiewende Made


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  transmembrane helices alpha helical transmembrane protein 0 0474783 and beta barrel transmembrane protein 0 0060384


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  Hie31 Phe55 Glu98 Hie100 Met102 Ile121 Thr122 Asp124 Glu146 Glu146 Glu174 Ser176 Phe198 Asn200 Ser225 Met249 Asp251 Tyr254 Tyr273 Phe275 Tyr278 Tyr297 Glu323 Hie324


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  SARS CoV 2 spike glycoprotein S Table 2 Top 5 refined model of the MEPVC The input MEPVC is also provided Glu323 Arg646 mean 5 max 10 and min 3 Glu323 Lys655


id: cord-320490-3jmo35jc
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  Medical Microbiology E Book A Guide to Microbial Infections Pathogenesis Immunity Laboratory Diagnosis and Control


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  Graphitsäure Preparation of Graphitic Oxide Biomedical Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide New Horizons for Diagnostics and Therapeutic Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide Chest Symptoms


id: cord-264867-ezsy76mx
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entity:
  a Nanometer Sized Visible Light Source Superhydrophobic and Superoleophilic Boron Nitride Nanotube Coated Stainless Steel Meshes for Oil and Water Separation Polyethylene


id: cord-264867-ezsy76mx
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entity:
  The Chemotherapy of Brain Tumors Clinical Experience With Severe Diffuse Interstitial Pneumonitis Induced


# bib

id: cord-006947-nrzjedhi
title: Nano- and microparticles at fluid and biological interfaces
author: Dasgupta, S
date: 2017-09-20
txt: ./txt/cord-006947-nrzjedhi.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-006947-nrzjedhi.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104866/
doi: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa7933
summary:
  Keywords: membranes, nanoparticles, capillary interactions, lipid bilayers, emulsions, viruses, interfaces (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal) For micrometer-sized particles, the contrib ution of the line tension is negligible; the trapping energy is proportional to the liquid-vapor interface tension γ v and decreases with decreasing contact angle, see figure 6 . Reprinted with permission from [78] copyright of The Royal Society of Chemistry (f) Deformation profiles of an interface around a particle with Hauser''s cube shape at contact angle θ = 56.28 Whether a particle stabilizes or destabilizes a film furthermore depends on the orientation that the particle assumes at the interface [102] , see section 2.4. Because the energy for an orientation where only one spherical particle is in contact with an interface does not depend on the tilt angle, an arrest in such a state could be caused by surface roughness.

abstract:
  Systems with interfaces are abundant in both technological applications and biology. While a fluid interface separates two fluids, membranes separate the inside of vesicles from the outside, the interior of biological cells from the environment, and compartmentalize cells into organelles. The physical properties of interfaces are characterized by interface tension, those of membranes are characterized by bending and stretching elasticity. Amphiphilic molecules like surfactants that are added to a system with two immiscible fluids decrease the interface tension and induce a bending rigidity. Lipid bilayer membranes of vesicles can be stretched or compressed by osmotic pressure; in biological cells, also the presence of a cytoskeleton can induce membrane tension. If the thickness of the interface or the membrane is small compared with its lateral extension, both can be described using two-dimensional mathematical surfaces embedded in three-dimensional space. We review recent work on the interaction of particles with interfaces and membranes. This can be micrometer-sized particles at interfaces that stabilise emulsions or form colloidosomes, as well as typically nanometer-sized particles at membranes, such as viruses, parasites, and engineered drug delivery systems. In both cases, we first discuss the interaction of single particles with interfaces and membranes, e.g. particles in external fields, non-spherical particles, and particles at curved interfaces, followed by interface-mediated interaction between two particles, many-particle interactions, interface and membrane curvature-induced phenomena, and applications.


id: cord-026501-4ddala5r
title: Governing the Global Energy Transformation
author: Pastukhova, Maria
date: 2020-03-26
txt: ./txt/cord-026501-4ddala5r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-026501-4ddala5r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7281855/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-39066-2_15
summary:
  The lack of both a comprehensive definition and a theoretical framework to support the concept of energy transition is not only lamentable from a scientific point of view: the resulting lack of common understanding among (inter)national actors also incapacitates the development of functioning international governance mechanisms to address this global issue. It is obvious that the various positions of countries in energy trading (influenced by their world market share/their position as a net importer/net exporter), in the globalized economy (trade surplus/deficit), with regard to their respective degrees of economic and social development (population growth/industrialization/urbanization) (Bradshaw 2010) as well as to the state of the energy system and the level of access to modern energy supplies determine the weighing of objectives and the prioritization of energy policy goals.

abstract:
  An effective and efficient governance is key for the global energy transformation. We argue that the process under the Paris Agreement, its ‘rulebook’ and the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) will have to be accompanied by focused and tailored governance mechanisms in the energy realm. The energy sector itself is key to limiting global warming to two degrees centigrade compared to the preindustrial level, because it is responsible for over two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, neither the energy transition nor energy governance start from scratch. Energy governance is already happening on many levels: the local, the national, the regional and the global. These multi-level governance structures are necessary to enable, facilitate, and accelerate the energy transition(s) on the ground. They have to be adapted, however, to the changing and transforming energy world as we argue in the conclusions. In a first step, we conceptualize the notion of ‘energy transition’ and relate it to the concept of ‘energy transformation’. We argue that it is necessary to firstly move beyond the normative and target-driven idea(s) behind ‘transition’ and to secondly bring in the systemic aspects of energy transformation. Moreover, energy security, economic efficiency, sustainability and climate neutrality have emerged over time as the guiding paradigms, forming a strategic quadrangle, as opposed to a strategic triangle, traditionally used to define energy security. In a second step, we present an overview of the current international energy governance system where multilayered governance structures have developed over time. We argue that the existing architecture is stemming from the past and is neither fit for governing the energy transition, nor even reflecting the proccesses underway in todays’ world. In a third step, we highlight that the energy transformation has and will have tremendous techno-economic, socio-technical and political (Cherp et al. 2018) effects that have both internal and external dimensions. Moreover, the transformation comes with (geo)political effects as it changes the political economy of energy on all levels: the global, the regional, the national and the local. In the final step, we look at ways forward. We argue that it is necessary to preserve existing multilateral institutions and to strengthen them. Moreover, we assume that governance approaches towards and inside regions will have to be re-shaped or even created from scratch. We conclude that the crumbling of the global liberal order and the crises of multilateralism are complicating the approach to a better governance of the energy transition on the global level. Moreover, we witness the emergence of illiberal tendencies in the Western democracies as well. Climate and energy are playing into the polarization of societies as the two topics emerged as a major cleavage and a conflict line. We emphasize that a just and inclusive energy transition, both on national and international levels, is necessary to keep countries and the world on a sustainable energy transformation path. The challenge faced by the planet is indeed systemic.


id: cord-027376-c2n9w7un
title: Simulation Methodology for Electron Transfer in CMOS Quantum Dots
author: Sokolov, Andrii
date: 2020-05-25
txt: ./txt/cord-027376-c2n9w7un.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-027376-c2n9w7un.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7304695/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-50433-5_50
summary:
  We compare numerical and semi-analytical techniques concluding this paper by examining two case studies: the electron transfer through multiple quantum dots and the construction of a Hadamard gate simulated using a numerical method to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and the tight-binding formalism for a time-dependent Hamiltonian. We compare numerical and semi-analytical techniques concluding this paper by examining two case studies: electron transfer through multiple quantum dots and construction of a Hadamard gate simulated using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and the tight-binding formalism. In order to have a useful simulator of the studied quantum structure, one needs to define a possible "localised" state of an electron injected in the structure, simulate its evolution with time at a given potential energy along the structure and calculate the probability of the electron to be measured at the edges of the structure by a detector device.

abstract:
  The construction of quantum computer simulators requires advanced software which can capture the most significant characteristics of the quantum behavior and quantum states of qubits in such systems. Additionally, one needs to provide valid models for the description of the interface between classical circuitry and quantum core hardware. In this study, we model electron transport in semiconductor qubits based on an advanced CMOS technology. Starting from 3D simulations, we demonstrate an order reduction and the steps necessary to obtain ordinary differential equations on probability amplitudes in a multi-particle system. We compare numerical and semi-analytical techniques concluding this paper by examining two case studies: the electron transfer through multiple quantum dots and the construction of a Hadamard gate simulated using a numerical method to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and the tight-binding formalism for a time-dependent Hamiltonian.


id: cord-030610-zjymmuuy
title: Respiration‐driven triboelectric nanogenerators for biomedical applications
author: Li, Jun
date: 2020-08-09
txt: ./txt/cord-030610-zjymmuuy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030610-zjymmuuy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7436384/
doi: 10.1002/eom2.12045
summary:
  The energy from respiration featured with excellent stability, accessibility and continuality inspires the design and engineering of biomechanical energy harvesting devices, such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), to realize human‐powered electronics. Biomedical applications including electrical energy generation, healthcare monitoring, air filtration, gas sensing, electrostimulation, and powering implantable medical devices are then analyzed focusing on the design‐application relationships. Among a number of mechanical energy harvesting principles, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) stands out with its simple configuration, light weight, large power density, high energy conversion efficiency, and durability. 86, 87 In general, clear understanding of the respiration mechanics together with triboelectric principles lays the foundation for the design and engineering of TENG devices that could effectively convert respiration motions into continuous electricity for a variety of biomedical applications. This challenge is also beyond respiration-driven TENGs and is applicable to all other implantable energy harvesting devices for powering IMDs. Above critical challenges need short or long-term dedicated research efforts from multiple disciplines, including material science, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and of course biomedical engineering.

abstract:
  As a fundamental and ubiquitous body motion, respiration offers a large amount of biomechanical energy with an average power up to the Watt level through movements of multiple muscles. The energy from respiration featured with excellent stability, accessibility and continuality inspires the design and engineering of biomechanical energy harvesting devices, such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), to realize human‐powered electronics. This review article is thus dedicated to the emerging respiration‐driven TENG technology, covering fundamentals, applications, and perspectives. Specifically, the human breathing mechanics are first introduced serving as the base for the developments of TENG devices with different configurations. Biomedical applications including electrical energy generation, healthcare monitoring, air filtration, gas sensing, electrostimulation, and powering implantable medical devices are then analyzed focusing on the design‐application relationships. At last, current developments are summarized and critical challenges for driving these intriguing developments toward practical applications are discussed together with promising solutions. [Image: see text]


id: cord-031330-zgzq35fe
author: Kumar, Durgesh
date: 2020-08-24
txt: ./txt/cord-031330-zgzq35fe.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031330-zgzq35fe.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7452467/
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04720
summary:
  Authors created a library of 200 compounds using the product obtained in the reaction and filtered against nsp3 of CHIKV based on docking using iGEMDOCK, a computational tool. MD trajectories were studied to collect the information about the nsp3 of CHIKV with and without screened compound and then, MM-GBSA calculations were performed to calculate change in binding free energies for the formation of complex. Designed library was used for virtually screening against nsP3 of CHIKV, to get potential lead molecules based on minimum total binding energy, drug-likeness, and bioactivity score [27] . Further, temperature dependent molecular dynamic simulations (tdMD) and MM-GBSA of screened compound-nsp3 of CHIKV complex was performed to analyze the structural stability of the complex. In this study, best five compounds from designed library were docked with active site of nsp3 of CHIKV using Pardock to elucidate their molecular interactions as in Table 9 and Figure 3 .

title:
  In-silico prediction of novel drug-target complex of nsp3 of CHIKV through molecular dynamic simulation

abstract:
  Literature reported that nsp3 of CHIKV is an important target for the designing of drug as it involves in the replication, survival etc. Herein, about eighteen million molecules available in the ZINC database are filtered against nsp3 using RASPD. Top five hit drug molecules were then taken from the total screened molecules (6988) from ZINC database. Then, a one pot-three components reaction is designed to get the pyrazolophthalazine and its formation was studied using DFT method. Authors created a library of 200 compounds using the product obtained in the reaction and filtered against nsp3 of CHIKV based on docking using iGEMDOCK, a computational tool. Authors have studied the best molecules after applying the the Lipinski's rule of five and bioactive score. Further, the authors took the best compound i.e. CMPD178 and performed the MD simulations and tdMD simulations with nsp3 protease using AMBER18. MD trajectories were studied to collect the information about the nsp3 of CHIKV with and without screened compound and then, MM-GBSA calculations were performed to calculate change in binding free energies for the formation of complex. The aim of the work is to find the potential candidate as promising inhibitor against nsp3 of CHIKV.


id: cord-031641-x51pprjt
title: CPU Energy Meter: A Tool for Energy-Aware Algorithms Engineering
author: Beyer, Dirk
date: 2020-03-13
txt: ./txt/cord-031641-x51pprjt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031641-x51pprjt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7480680/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45237-7_8
summary:
  In order to make energy measurements as easy as possible, we integrated CPU Energy Meter into BenchExec, a benchmarking tool that is already used by many researchers and competitions in the domain of formal methods. Using CPU Energy Meter does not require any extra hardware, but accesses the existing feature for energy measurement called RAPL that Intel CPUs provide. The 8 th International Competition on Software Verification (SV-COMP''19) [3] measured energy consumption of verification tools using BenchExec and CPU Energy Meter and for the first time provided an alternative "green" ranking based on energy efficiency (CPU-energy usage divided by achieved score). The lightweight tool CPU Energy Meter fills this gap: It supports reading Intel-RAPL-based energy measurements in a convenient way and -via integration into BenchExec-using a tool environment that many verification researchers use anyway already.

abstract:
  Verification algorithms are among the most resource-intensive computation tasks. Saving energy is important for our living environment and to save cost in data centers. Yet, researchers compare the efficiency of algorithms still in terms of consumption of CPU time (or even wall time). Perhaps one reason for this is that measuring energy consumption of computational processes is not as convenient as measuring the consumed time and there is no sufficient tool support. To close this gap, we contribute CPU Energy Meter, a small tool that takes care of reading the energy values that Intel CPUs track inside the chip. In order to make energy measurements as easy as possible, we integrated CPU Energy Meter into BenchExec, a benchmarking tool that is already used by many researchers and competitions in the domain of formal methods. As evidence for usefulness, we explored the energy consumption of some state-of-the-art verifiers and report some interesting insights, for example, that energy consumption is not necessarily correlated with CPU time.


id: cord-033693-zx5g5dyg
title: Chemical 24/7
author: Hardon, Anita
date: 2020-10-14
txt: ./txt/cord-033693-zx5g5dyg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-033693-zx5g5dyg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552726/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-57081-1_6
summary:
  This chapter shines a light on what happens in the dark: specifically, we present ethnographic insights from the nightlife economy and how chemicals enable youth to work "24/7." Producers, promoters, DJs, hosts, artists, performers, drag queens, musicians, stage managers, bartenders, hospitality girls, and dancers from Amsterdam, Brooklyn, Bira (Indonesia), and Puerto Princesa (the Philippines) share with the ChemicalYouth team the various stimulants they use to stay awake and perform their jobs during non-typical working hours, and the other chemicals that they take in order to be able to sleep and recover afterwards. In the Philippines and Indonesia our focused ethnographies examined how young people used stimulants to have energy and strength enough to conduct physically challenging work, laboring long hours as porters, construction workers, and security guards. Diego observed that being alert during their long shifts was a key challenge for these workers, and that they relied on energy drinks as the main substance they use to help stay awake.

abstract:
  This chapter shines a light on what happens in the dark: specifically, we present ethnographic insights from the nightlife economy and how chemicals enable youth to work “24/7.” Producers, promoters, DJs, hosts, artists, performers, drag queens, musicians, stage managers, bartenders, hospitality girls, and dancers from Amsterdam, Brooklyn, Bira (Indonesia), and Puerto Princesa (the Philippines) share with the ChemicalYouth team the various stimulants they use to stay awake and perform their jobs during non-typical working hours, and the other chemicals that they take in order to be able to sleep and recover afterwards. In Chemical 24/7 we compare and contrast the chemical practices of youth working at leisure industry sites in the global North to those of the low-income service sector and manual workers in the global South, and discuss how these different working conditions perpetuate chemical use. Our interlocutors rely on a range of chemicals for their work and social lives, and they develop practices to moderate their use in order to avoid adverse effects. Yet their practices differ depending on the availability, marketing, and policing of the substances.


id: cord-034362-4xdtbbzb
title: Dietary Energy Partition: The Central Role of Glucose
author: Remesar, Xavier
date: 2020-10-19
txt: ./txt/cord-034362-4xdtbbzb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-034362-4xdtbbzb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7593952/
doi: 10.3390/ijms21207729
summary:
  Under conditions of excess glucose availability, its conversion to 3C eases the pressure over the regulation of glycaemia and allows for the direct use of its energy via 3C [48, 49] , in a way comparable to the "pre-preparation" of fatty acids (2Cn) fragments to plasma-soluble ketone bodies (2C2 fragments). Most of the inter-organ substrate cycles were described as mechanisms preventing the dangers of reducing power or 2-amino N accumulation in muscle or other peripheral tissues under conditions of active use of glucose or amino acids (i.e., during exercise) for energy; they always present a time-delay component for maximal effectiveness. This may be considered either as another contribution to regulate glycaemia or as an alternative to produce 3C fragments (essentially lactate and glycerol) in massive amounts to supply ready-to-use energy to most organs (including the brain) to circumvent the regulatory difficulties of glucose utilization under situations of excess substrate and/or insulin resistance [36, 43, 47, 96] .

abstract:
  Humans have developed effective survival mechanisms under conditions of nutrient (and energy) scarcity. Nevertheless, today, most humans face a quite different situation: excess of nutrients, especially those high in amino-nitrogen and energy (largely fat). The lack of mechanisms to prevent energy overload and the effective persistence of the mechanisms hoarding key nutrients such as amino acids has resulted in deep disorders of substrate handling. There is too often a massive untreatable accumulation of body fat in the presence of severe metabolic disorders of energy utilization and disposal, which become chronic and go much beyond the most obvious problems: diabetes, circulatory, renal and nervous disorders included loosely within the metabolic syndrome. We lack basic knowledge on diet nutrient dynamics at the tissue-cell metabolism level, and this adds to widely used medical procedures lacking sufficient scientific support, with limited or nil success. In the present longitudinal analysis of the fate of dietary nutrients, we have focused on glucose as an example of a largely unknown entity. Even most studies on hyper-energetic diets or their later consequences tend to ignore the critical role of carbohydrate (and nitrogen disposal) as (probably) the two main factors affecting the substrate partition and metabolism.


id: cord-034852-adhq1zt9
author: Makarieva, Anastassia M.
date: 2020-09-13
txt: ./txt/cord-034852-adhq1zt9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-034852-adhq1zt9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597118/
doi: 10.3390/e22091025
summary:
  With the probability of point mutation affecting a given nucleotide pair of about ν = 10 −10 per cell division [34] and division frequency of the order of τ −1 = q/K, where q = 1 W kg −1 is the universal mass-specific metabolic rate and K = 4 × 10 6 J kg −1 is the energy content of living matter [28] , the genetic information of life would have melted completely in about τ/ν ≈ one billion years. A more up-to-date analysis of Ikeda [63] controlling for the physiological state in Protozoa indicates a decline in mass-specific metabolic rate with growing body size that is not distinguishable from what is observed in the groups of larger organisms (Figure 2 , thin red line).

title:
  Life’s Energy and Information: Contrasting Evolution of Volume- versus Surface-Specific Rates of Energy Consumption

abstract:
  As humanity struggles to find a path to resilience amidst global change vagaries, understanding organizing principles of living systems as the pillar for human existence is rapidly growing in importance. However, finding quantitative definitions for order, complexity, information and functionality of living systems remains a challenge. Here, we review and develop insights into this problem from the concept of the biotic regulation of the environment developed by Victor Gorshkov (1935–2019). Life’s extraordinary persistence—despite being a strongly non-equilibrium process—requires a quantum-classical duality: the program of life is written in molecules and thus can be copied without information loss, while life’s interaction with its non-equilibrium environment is performed by macroscopic classical objects (living individuals) that age. Life’s key energetic parameter, the volume-specific rate of energy consumption, is maintained within universal limits by most life forms. Contrary to previous suggestions, it cannot serve as a proxy for “evolutionary progress”. In contrast, ecosystem-level surface-specific energy consumption declines with growing animal body size in stable ecosystems. High consumption by big animals is associated with instability. We suggest that the evolutionary increase in body size may represent a spontaneous loss of information about environmental regulation, a manifestation of life’s algorithm ageing as a whole.


id: cord-102200-9sm4rlao
author: Kazi, Aamer
date: 2020-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-102200-9sm4rlao.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-102200-9sm4rlao.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2351978920315298
doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.05.077
summary:
  title: Specific cutting energy reduction of granite using plasma treatment: A feasibility study for future geothermal drilling Two different types of granite (igneous rock) were sampled and used in this study, out of which the one control group was treated with five, 40kV, 80J pulses of plasma while the other was left uncracked. The effect of the cracks is quantified by conducting facing tests on the plasma cracked and uncracked samples and measuring a reduction in the specific cutting energy. Colonial White granite shows a significant reduction in the apparent specific cutting energy after the plasma treatment because of the increased edge chipping effect. In this investigation, the effect of micro-scale energy delivery, in terms of plasma pulses, on the specific cutting energy of granite is studied for the development of future geothermal technology.

title:
  Specific cutting energy reduction of granite using plasma treatment: A feasibility study for future geothermal drilling

abstract:
  Abstract Geothermal Energy is one of the most consistent and viable sources of renewable energy. However, harnessing this energy has proved to be a challenge mainly due to the difficulty in drilling hard igneous rock formations that occur in and around geothermal wells. Therefore, an energy efficient method that can drill hard rocks needs to be developed. In this paper, the effect of micro-scale energy delivery, in the form of plasma, to weaken rock by inducing micro-cracks is studied. Two different types of granite (igneous rock) were sampled and used in this study, out of which the one control group was treated with five, 40kV, 80J pulses of plasma while the other was left uncracked. The effect of the cracks is quantified by conducting facing tests on the plasma cracked and uncracked samples and measuring a reduction in the specific cutting energy. Two different methods were used to estimate the specific cutting energy, where the first method considered the entire cutting process and the second method considered only the stable cutting region. The plasma treatment showed a maximum of 65% and a minimum of 15% reduction in specific cutting energy and was regarded as being dependent on mainly the hardness and size of the samples. All results in this study are validated using statistical analysis.


id: cord-104122-klvx927g
title: An Accurate Free Energy Method for Solvation of Organic Compounds and Binding to Proteins
author: Tayfuroglu, Omer
date: 2020-05-28
txt: ./txt/cord-104122-klvx927g.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-104122-klvx927g.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.26.116459
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.26.116459
summary:
  The method is adopted from ANI-1ccx neural network potentials (Machine Learning) for the Atomic Simulation Environment (ASE) and predicts the single point energies at the accuracy of CCSD(T)/CBS level for the entire configurational space that is sampled by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] More sophisticated methods to calculate the potential binding free energy of inhibitor candidate to the protein ranges from post molecular dynamics simulations such as Molecular 57 Recently several models using active learning such as ANI-1, 58 ANI-1x 59 and ANI-1cxx 60 Here, we introduce a new strategy to estimate free energies of solvation of small organic compounds and binding to proteins in explicit solvent using single end-state MD simulations. The method is adopted from ANI-1ccx neural network potentials (Machine Learning) for the The insertion of the ligand to an environment of solvent (solvation free energy) or receptor (binding free energy) can be defined by a coupling parameter, λ.

abstract:
  Here, we introduce a new strategy to estimate free energies using single end-state molecular dynamics simulation trajectories. The method is adopted from ANI-1ccx neural network potentials (Machine Learning) for the Atomic Simulation Environment (ASE) and predicts the single point energies at the accuracy of CCSD(T)/CBS level for the entire configurational space that is sampled by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Our preliminary results show that the method can be as accurate as Bennet-Acceptance-Ration (BAR) with much reduced computational cost. Not only does it enable to calculate solvation free energies of small organic compounds, but it is also possible to predict absolute and relative binding free energies in ligand-protein complex systems. Rapid calculation also enables to screen small organic molecules from databases as potent inhibitors to any drug targets.


id: cord-239720-efbfqnem
title: GEOM: Energy-annotated molecular conformations for property prediction and molecular generation
author: Axelrod, Simon
date: 2020-06-09
txt: ./txt/cord-239720-efbfqnem.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-239720-efbfqnem.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.05531v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  This dataset will assist benchmarking and transfer learning in two classes of tasks: inferring 3D properties from 2D molecular graphs, and developing generative models to sample 3D conformations. Machine learning outperforms traditional rulebased baselines in many molecule-related tasks, including property prediction and virtual screening [1] [2] [3] , inverse design using generative models [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] , reinforcement learning [12] [13] [14] [15] , differentiable simulators [10, 16, 17] , and synthesis planning and retrosynthesis [18, 19] . Molecular representations in machine learning, and the existing reference datasets, typically use either graphs [28] , or a single point cloud per molecule [29] . Message-passing neural networks use these node and edge features to create a learned fingerprint (representation) for the molecule. A variety of graph convolutional models have been proposed for learning force fields, which map a set of 3D atomic positions of a molecular entity to an energy.

abstract:
  Machine learning outperforms traditional approaches in many molecular design tasks. Although molecules are often thought of as 2D graphs, they in fact consist of an ensemble of inter-converting 3D structures called conformers. Molecular properties arise from the contribution of many conformers, and in the case of a drug binding a target, may be due mainly to a few distinct members. Molecular representations in machine learning are typically based on either one single 3D conformer or on a 2D graph that strips geometrical information. No reference datasets exist that connect these graph and point cloud ensemble representations. Here, we use first-principles simulations to annotate over 400,000 molecules with the ensemble of geometries they span. The Geometrical Embedding Of Molecules (GEOM) dataset contains over 33 million molecular conformers labeled with their relative energies and statistical probabilities at room temperature. This dataset will assist benchmarking and transfer learning in two classes of tasks: inferring 3D properties from 2D molecular graphs, and developing generative models to sample 3D conformations.


id: cord-252529-t8tannlh
author: Vaka, Mahesh
date: 2020-07-13
txt: ./txt/cord-252529-t8tannlh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-252529-t8tannlh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122834
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122834
summary:
  Hence, this paper aims to review the current status of renewable energy in Malaysia as well as the initiatives taken before the pandemic to promote solar photovoltaic (PV) technology to meet the energy demands through the low-carbon pathway. Therefore, this review aims to address the following objectives; 1) determine the status quo of solar PV technology and related application in Malaysia; 2) establish the key factors affecting renewable energy development in Malaysia; 3) understand the updated energy framework of Malaysia: Energy Policies, Assessment, criticize, track the RE progress; 4) compare RE growth in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries; 5) Impact of COVID''19 on the Malaysian Energy Market and Energy Security; 6) Government''s response to COVID''19 pandemic to sustain the solar industry. Challenges, issues and conflicts are highlighted to ensure the long-term sustainability, reliability and energy security for the development of RE in Malaysia by considering different policies, assessing and monitoring solar PV.

title:
  A review on Malaysia’s solar energy pathway towards carbon-neutral Malaysia beyond Covid’19 pandemic

abstract:
  COVID’19 pandemic has devastated several industries and solar energy is no exception. In its economic relief package, Malaysia has announced approximately US$ 2.9 billion in expenditure for the installation of new grids, LED street lights and rooftop solar panels. The Government will also open the tender for a 1,400 MW solar power project in the year 2020, which is expected to generate 5 billion ringgit (US$1.1 billion) in investments. As these measures are intended to sustain the existing growth of solar energy potential in the country, it is vital to assess its status quo. Hence, this paper aims to review the current status of renewable energy in Malaysia as well as the initiatives taken before the pandemic to promote solar photovoltaic (PV) technology to meet the energy demands through the low-carbon pathway.


id: cord-253212-ygmkul62
title: Social Laser Model for the Bandwagon Effect: Generation of Coherent Information Waves
author: Khrennikov, Andrei
date: 2020-05-17
txt: ./txt/cord-253212-ygmkul62.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-253212-ygmkul62.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.12669v1.pdf
doi: 10.3390/e22050559
summary:
  The main output of this paper is presented in Section 5 describing the quantum-like mechanism of the generation of big waves of coherent information excitations. Thus, we model the information field as a quantum field with communications (generated, e.g., by mass media) as quanta carrying social energy and some additional characteristics related to communication content. The information flows generated by mass media and the Internet are so powerful that people are not able to analyze communication content deeply, they just scan its quasi-color and absorb a quantum of the social energy carried by this communication. Thus, information excitations in the echo chamber generated by posted communications not only increase the probability of emission of new information excitations by excited atoms, but they also perform the function of additional energy pumping into the gain medium (social group).

abstract:
  During recent years our society has often been exposed to coherent information waves of high amplitudes. These are waves of huge social energy. Often they are of destructive character, a kind of information tsunami. However, they can also carry positive improvements in human society, as waves of decision-making matching rational recommendations of societal institutes. The main distinguishing features of these waves are their high amplitude, coherence (homogeneous character of social actions generated by them), and short time needed for their generation and relaxation. Such waves can be treated as large-scale exhibitions of the bandwagon effect. We show that this socio-psychic phenomenon can be modeled based on the recently developed social laser theory. This theory can be used to model stimulated amplification of coherent social actions. “Actions” are treated very generally, from mass protests to votes and other collective decisions, such as, e.g., acceptance (often unconscious) of some societal recommendations. In this paper, we concentrate on the theory of laser resonators, physical vs. social. For the latter, we analyze in detail the functioning of Internet-based echo chambers. Their main purpose is increasing of the power of the quantum information field as well as its coherence. Of course, the bandwagon effect is well known and well studied in social psychology. However, social laser theory gives the possibility to model it by using general formalism of quantum field theory. The paper contains the minimum of mathematics and it can be read by researchers working in psychological, cognitive, social, and political sciences; it might also be interesting for experts in information theory and artificial intelligence.


id: cord-255036-vpw40g40
title: Thermodynamic modeling of a novel air dehumidification system
author: Zhang, L.Z.
date: 2004-08-14
txt: ./txt/cord-255036-vpw40g40.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-255036-vpw40g40.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0378778804002002
doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.06.019
summary:
  The proposed system incorporates a membrane-based total heat exchanger into a mechanical air dehumidification system, where the fresh air flows through the enthalpy exchanger, the evaporator and the condenser subsequently. In this manner, the total heat or enthalpy from the exhaust is recovered, and both the temperature and the humidity of the fresh air are decreased, which results in energy saving. Even though more detailed models are proposed by some authors, see [7, 8] , they are compli-List of symbols A tot total exchange area (m 2 ) C 0 constants in sorption curves COP coefficient of performance c p specific heat (kJ kg À1 K À1 ) D wm water diffusivity in membrane (kg m À1 s À1 ) h specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) k s convective mass transfer coefficient in supply side (kg m À2 s À1 ) m_ mass flow rate (kg/s) Dp total pressure rise (Pa) q heat (kW) cated and case-sensitive.

abstract:
  A novel air dehumidification system is proposed. The proposed system incorporates a membrane-based total heat exchanger into a mechanical air dehumidification system, where the fresh air flows through the enthalpy exchanger, the evaporator and the condenser subsequently. Thermodynamic model for the performance estimation of the combined system is investigated. Processes of the fresh air and the refrigerant are studied. Two additional specific programs are devised to calculate the psychrometrics and the thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant R134a. Annual energy requirement is 4.15 × 10(6) kJ per person, or 33% saving from a system without energy saving measures.


id: cord-257213-ukr5a4g3
title: Developing and testing a new tool to foster wind energy sector industrial skills
author: Garcia, Davide Astiaso
date: 2020-10-06
txt: ./txt/cord-257213-ukr5a4g3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-257213-ukr5a4g3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124549
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124549
summary:
  Hence, the main aim of this paper is to develop and test an innovative method based on gamification to increase wind energy sector industrial skills, providing a digital interactive environment in the form of a new user-friendly software that can allow its users to train and contribute to the teaching and learning contents. 125 In light of the above-mentioned current context, main research gaps include the standardization of the 126 operational skills for the staff qualification and the development of an ad hoc serious game that considers 127 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f and integrates the current approaches for professional trainings for installations and O&M activities in the 128 wind energy sector.

abstract:
  The wind energy sector has seen an increasing growth in the last decade and this is foreseen to continue in the next years. This has posed several challenges in terms of skilled and prepared professionals that have always to be up to date in an industry that is constantly changing. Thus, teaching tools have gained an increasing interest. The present research reviewed the state of the art in terms of digital interactive training tools pinpointing that the existing options do not feature the user involvement in the development of the training material. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to develop and test an innovative method based on gamification to increase wind energy sector industrial skills, providing a digital interactive environment in the form of a new user-friendly software that can allow its users to train and contribute to the teaching and learning contents. The first methodological step deals with the associated background studies that were required at strategy implementation and development stages, including market analysis and technology trade-offs, as well as the general structure and the implementation steps of the software design. Obtained results pinpointed that with minimal use of web-based database and network connectivity, a mobile phone application could work in the form of a time-scored quiz application that remotely located staff at wind energy farms could benefit from. The technological innovation brought by this research will substantially improve the service of training, allowing a more dynamic formative management contributing to an improvement in the competitiveness and a step towards excellence for the whole sector.


id: cord-264867-ezsy76mx
author: Rahman, Hamidur
date: 2020-09-30
txt: ./txt/cord-264867-ezsy76mx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-264867-ezsy76mx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114427
doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114427
summary:
  Rungnim et al., to investigate the adsorption properties, along with edge effect of the GNSs, of three nucleobases with similar structures like anti-cancer drugs, mercaptopurine, thioguanine, and fluorouracil, on a graphene flake considering the weak dispersion forces caused by Van der Waals interaction [138] . In that study, they have found that the flutamide drug can be adsorbed in the SWCNT with a maximum adsorption energy of -5.38 kcal/mol in the water solvent where the dipole moment of the structure was found as 10.93 debye with a bandgap of 1.28 eV. The dispersion corrected (with M062X functional) DFT study found that 4-phpy was adsorbed on a pristine C 60 with an adsorption energy of -6.69 kcal/mol in the water phase where this value was significantly increased to -41.65 and -50.31 kcal/mol for B and Si-doped C 60 fullerenes (BC 59 and SiC 59 ) respectively.

title:
  The recent advancement of low-dimensional nanostructured materials for drug delivery and drug sensing application: A brief review

abstract:
  In this review article, we have presented a detailed analysis of the recent advancement of quantum mechanical calculations in the applications of the low-dimensional nanomaterials (LDNs) into biomedical fields like biosensors and drug delivery systems development. Biosensors play an essential role for many communities, e.g. law enforcing agencies to sense illicit drugs, medical communities to remove overdosed medications from the human and animal body etc. Besides, drug delivery systems are theoretically being proposed for many years and experimentally found to deliver the drug to the targeted sites by reducing the harmful side effects significantly. In current COVID-19 pandemic, biosensors can play significant roles, e.g. to remove experimental drugs during the human trials if they show any unwanted adverse effect etc. where the drug delivery systems can be potentially applied to reduce the side effects. But before proceeding to these noble and expensive translational research works, advanced theoretical calculations can provide the possible outcomes with considerable accuracy. Hence in this review article, we have analyzed how theoretical calculations can be used to investigate LDNs as potential biosensor devices or drug delivery systems. We have also made a very brief discussion on the properties of biosensors or drug delivery systems which should be investigated for the biomedical applications and how to calculate them theoretically. Finally, we have made a detailed analysis of a large number of recently published research works where theoretical calculations were used to propose different LDNs for bio-sensing and drug delivery applications.


id: cord-276178-0hrs1w7r
author: Bangotra, Deep Kumar
date: 2020-07-13
txt: ./txt/cord-276178-0hrs1w7r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-276178-0hrs1w7r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143887
doi: 10.3390/s20143887
summary:
  In this paper, we propose an intelligent opportunistic routing protocol (IOP) using a machine learning technique, to select a relay node from the list of potential forwarder nodes to achieve energy efficiency and reliability in the network. The problem of energy efficiency during the routing of data packets from source to target in case of IoToriented WSN is significantly addressed by another network-based routing protocol known as GreeDi [6] . The problem of energy efficiency during the routing of data packets from source to target in case of IoT-oriented WSN is significantly addressed by another network-based routing protocol known as GreeDi [6] . The proposed method of relay node selection using IOP could be understood by considering an example of WSN shown in Figure 2 and using the naïve Baye''s algorithm on the generic data available in Table 4 , to find the optimal path in terms of energy efficiency and reliability from source node S to destination node D.

title:
  An Intelligent Opportunistic Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Application Towards e-Healthcare

abstract:
  The lifetime of a node in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is directly responsible for the longevity of the wireless network. The routing of packets is the most energy-consuming activity for a sensor node. Thus, finding an energy-efficient routing strategy for transmission of packets becomes of utmost importance. The opportunistic routing (OR) protocol is one of the new routing protocol that promises reliability and energy efficiency during transmission of packets in wireless sensor networks (WSN). In this paper, we propose an intelligent opportunistic routing protocol (IOP) using a machine learning technique, to select a relay node from the list of potential forwarder nodes to achieve energy efficiency and reliability in the network. The proposed approach might have applications including e-healthcare services. As the proposed method might achieve reliability in the network because it can connect several healthcare network devices in a better way and good healthcare services might be offered. In addition to this, the proposed method saves energy, therefore, it helps the remote patient to connect with healthcare services for a longer duration with the integration of IoT services.


id: cord-278900-3rfb1b71
author: Fell, Michael J.
date: 2020-06-13
txt: ./txt/cord-278900-3rfb1b71.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-278900-3rfb1b71.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214629620302218
doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101646
summary:
  Largely grounded in existing good practice guidance, our recommendations include collecting and reporting additional supporting contextual data, reviewing aspects of research design for vulnerability to validity challenges, and building in longitudinal elements where feasible. Broadly speaking, these principles involve giving consideration to possible impacts of the pandemic and associated response measures on findings; adjusting research design and data collection to reflect this; and reporting extra contextual detail. Our recommendations address data collection and the reporting of study conditions and context, as well as considerations for study designs in order to ensure high validity of energy social science research conducted during and after the pandemic. In this paper we have set out what we see as important challenges to the validity --internal, external, and of other forms --of social research in energy associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and measures put in place to control it.

title:
  Validity of energy social research during and after COVID-19: challenges, considerations, and responses

abstract:
  Measures to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are having unprecedented impacts on people’s lives around the world. In this paper, we argue that those conducting social research in the energy domain should give special consideration to the internal and external validity of their work conducted during this pandemic period. We set out a number of principles that researchers can consider to give themselves and research users greater confidence that findings and recommendations will still be applicable in years to come. Largely grounded in existing good practice guidance, our recommendations include collecting and reporting additional supporting contextual data, reviewing aspects of research design for vulnerability to validity challenges, and building in longitudinal elements where feasible. We suggest that these approaches also bring a number of opportunities to generate new insights. However, we caution that a more systemic challenge to validity of knowledge produced during this period may result from changes in the kinds of social research that it is practicable to pursue.


id: cord-283133-jspfwuqu
author: Farangi, Mostafa
date: 2020-07-01
txt: ./txt/cord-283133-jspfwuqu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-283133-jspfwuqu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32367905/
doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.117771
summary:
  Due to the high CO(2) emissions alongside with the high solar energy harvesting potential in Iran, We have presented a clear simulation on 20 kW and 1 MW grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power plants using RETScreen software to determine the environmental and economic aspects based on the net greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions reduction, the annual electricity exported to the grid, the cumulative cash flows, and the payback period for the initial investment. Due to the serious CO 2 emissions and air pollution in large cities of the country alongside with the high solar energy harvesting potential and growing trend of utilization of PV technology in Iran, we investigate environmental and economic aspects of two different scales of PV systems, 20 kW as a candidate for small-scale (for residential and commercial users) and 1 MW as a candidate for large-scale (utility-scale) grid-connected PV power systems in Tehran, Iran, using RETScreen software based on the new feed-in tariff policy.

title:
  The environmental and economic analysis of grid-connected photovoltaic power systems with silicon solar panels, in accord with the new energy policy in Iran

abstract:
  In recent years, authorities in Iran have introduced supporting policies for renewable energy resources but there is no comprehensive and updated survey from this perspective. This work aims to give a comprehensive survey on the country’s background from energy outlook and its prominent policies for renewable energy resources. Due to the high CO(2) emissions alongside with the high solar energy harvesting potential in Iran, We have presented a clear simulation on 20 kW and 1 MW grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power plants using RETScreen software to determine the environmental and economic aspects based on the net greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions reduction, the annual electricity exported to the grid, the cumulative cash flows, and the payback period for the initial investment. According to this simulation, the annual GHG emissions reduction and the annual electricity exported to the grid for 20 kW and 1 MW PV power plants are 22.06 tCO(2), 1103 tCO(2), 39 MWh, and 1953 MWh, respectively. From the economic outlook, based on the new feed-in tariff for power plants and the supposed initial costs, the payback period for the initial investments are between 3 and 4, and 5 years for 20 kW and 1 MW PV power plants, respectively.


id: cord-283907-ev1ghlwl
title: Electrical load prediction of healthcare buildings through single and ensemble learning
author: Cao, Lingyan
date: 2020-11-30
txt: ./txt/cord-283907-ev1ghlwl.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-283907-ev1ghlwl.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484720313585
doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.10.005
summary:
  Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose a one day-ahead electrical load forecasting model based on single and ensemble machine learning algorithms. In the present study, electrical load forecasting models of healthcare buildings are developed based on single and ensemble machine learning algorithms by taking account multi-factors simultaneously. To address this gap, this study takes into account the occupancy of outpatients, emergency patients, and inpatients and employs single and ensemble machine learning algorithms to predict the electric load demand of healthcare buildings. It can be seen that the electric load prediction for the healthcare buildings includes three steps: (1) Identify the relevant features and gather data, (2) Train single and ensemble learning models with prepared dataset, and (3) Compare the prediction performance of different models. Electrical load forecasting is naturally considered to be a regression problem in machine learning, aiming to accurately predict the energy demand of buildings based on its relationship with a given set of independent input variables.

abstract:
  Healthcare buildings are characterized by complex energy systems and high energy usage, therefore serving as the key areas for achieving energy conservation goals in the building sector. An accurate load prediction of hospital energy consumption is of paramount importance to a successful healthcare building energy management. In this study, eight machine learning models of single learning and ensemble learning were developed for predicting healthcare facilities’ energy consumption. To validate the performance of the proposed model, an experiment was conducted on a general hospital in Shanghai, China. It was found that the two ensemble models, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model and Random Forest (RF) model, outperformed single models in daily electrical load prediction. A further comparison between models trained with daily and weekly temporal resolution electrical data shows that it is more likely to achieve higher accuracy with finer time granularity. Through feature importance analysis, the most influential features under the daily and weekly electrical load prediction were identified. Based on the prediction results, it is expected that hospital facility managers will be able to conveniently assess the expected energy usage of their hospitals with the machine learning models.


id: cord-287248-otbiiybs
title: Proximities of energy justice: contesting community energy and austerity in England
author: Lacey-Barnacle, Max
date: 2020-08-21
txt: ./txt/cord-287248-otbiiybs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-287248-otbiiybs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101713
doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101713
summary:
  Shifting relationships between local energy actors and Lawrence Weston highlight opportunities for the remediation of past claims of injustice, facilitating processes of restorative justice, whilst local energy schemes that seek to advance greater ''active participant'' (skills training & employment) opportunities for deprived communities in which they, or their projects, are embedded, may be underpinned by recognition justice concerns. While these residents of Lawrence Weston / members of ALW felt that local low-carbon energy transitions were failing to recognise a community within close proximity to new infrastructures, alongside seeing the potential benefit for greater involvement in transitions, a director of LCG felt that ALW''s claims of injustice were unjustified: In addition to this, BEC wanted to encourage ALW to use their contributions to fund training activities within the local community, as noted by a member of BEN when discussing the passive recipient approach to local community engagement and support: Furthering the creation of new economic opportunities in a time of austerity, this aspect of restorative justice connects powerfully to distributional justice and a focused, targeted approach to delivering the benefits of the low-carbon economy to deprived areas.

abstract:
  Spatial inequities are deeply embedded in low-carbon energy transition processes. As a result, new forms of contestation are emerging that reveal social inequalities at the heart of community-led responses to climate change. This paper uses four tenets of energy justice – distributional, procedural, restorative and recognition justice – to critically analyse and understand the politics and geography of local renewable energy deployment in Bristol, England. Focusing on the development of two solar PV farms in and around Lawrence Weston, an area of high deprivation in North West Bristol, the paper demonstrates the critical nature of instances of both energy justice and injustice in a time of austerity. Using primary data obtained via a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach in Bristol during 2015–2017, the paper draws on participant observation data and in-depth interviews (n = 10) with a variety of local energy actors and community members active in Lawrence Weston. The primary data details the extent to which spatial configurations of new low-carbon energy infrastructures are integral to their justice implications. Indeed, it is the proximity of projects both close to and within the Lawrence Weston community that shapes the participant’s thoughts and deliberations on how to achieve local energy justice, through appeal to the four tenets outlined. The findings emphasise the distributional justice impacts of creating new low-carbon energy infrastructures in deprived communities in a time of austerity, whilst also noting that ‘opening up’ local energy transitions to greater input from local communities’ offers opportunities to achieve procedural justice. Shifting relationships between local energy actors and Lawrence Weston highlight opportunities for the remediation of past claims of injustice, facilitating processes of restorative justice, whilst local energy schemes that seek to advance greater ‘active participant’ (skills training & employment) opportunities for deprived communities in which they, or their projects, are embedded, may be underpinned by recognition justice concerns. This ‘active participant’ approach is shown to be key to advancing beyond ‘passive recipient’ approaches to community energy transitions and enhancing spatial equity. Finally, the paper offers novel empirical insights into the contested role of geography, space and place in local transitions and contributes to bottom-up perspectives on issues of spatial (in)justice in community energy schemes.


id: cord-291179-p2ro0zdj
title: Estimating employment from energy-efficiency investments
author: Brown, Marilyn A.
date: 2020-06-08
txt: ./txt/cord-291179-p2ro0zdj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291179-p2ro0zdj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32637330/
doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100955
summary:
  • The first two steps involve estimating the magnitude of investments in energy-efficient technologies and systems required to produce a unit of energy consumption reduction, and then identifying how these investments are expensed across the broad investment categories, which creates the preliminary "bills of goods" for investments in energy efficiency in homes, businesses, and industry. • In the final step we apply the input-output coefficients representing the bills of goods to estimate the direct, indirect and induced employment per million dollars of investment in energy efficiency. The authors summarize the prevailing studies as following one of two approaches -bottom-up where surveys and interviews are used to generate the number of jobs in the sector, and top-down approaches where economic modeling (such as computable general equilibrium, input-output, econometric models) is used to estimate the macroeconomic effect of investments in clean energy. To estimate the employment impact of investments in energy efficiency, we develop an approach that applies employment coefficients from the IMPLAN input-output model to results from the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) ( Fig. 1 ).

abstract:
  We develop a methodology for estimating the number and types of jobs that would result from investments in energy efficiency in homes, businesses, and industry. The methodology involves the development of input-output (I-O) bills of goods that characterize how energy-efficiency funds would be spent across sectors of the economy. The methodology builds on and adds greater articulation to the research conducted in prior studies of U.S. energy-efficiency policies. • The first two steps involve estimating the magnitude of investments in energy-efficient technologies and systems required to produce a unit of energy consumption reduction, and then identifying how these investments are expensed across the broad investment categories, which creates the preliminary “bills of goods” for investments in energy efficiency in homes, businesses, and industry. • The third step involves soliciting feedback on the preliminary bills of goods from experts in delivering and evaluating energy-efficiency programs, and then making necessary modifications. • In the final step we apply the input-output coefficients representing the bills of goods to estimate the direct, indirect and induced employment per million dollars of investment in energy efficiency.


id: cord-291909-x0sfwqnk
title: Environmental Health, Planetary Boundaries and Limits to Growth
author: Butler, Colin D.
date: 2019-09-12
txt: ./txt/cord-291909-x0sfwqnk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291909-x0sfwqnk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124095489106517
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.10651-7
summary:
  To be more than reactive, it is necessary to understand the complexity and interactions of integrated environmental health risks, including the possibility of significant global population decline within the current century. This contribution provides an overview to the Limits to Growth, linking it especially to the "planetary boundaries" of climate change, biodiversity loss and novel entities (including artificial substances and genetically modified organisms). On one hand, it estimates the ecological assets required to produce the resources consumed by any discrete population; this includes food and fiber plants, livestock and fish, timber and other forest products, space for urban infrastructure and whatever "sinks" are needed to absorb the waste produced, especially carbon dioxide emissions. Although the environmental health literature has long identified links between health and indicators used in the LTG model, such as food, services, and pollution, there has been little recognition among the health community, including within public health, of the possibility of a reduction in population this century.

abstract:
  Published almost 50 years ago, the Limits to Growth remains relevant to contemporary environmental health, though, paradoxically, this relevance is scarcely recognized. The seminal ideas it presented provide a useful background, as do the later Planetary Boundaries analyses, with which to consider key issues in contemporary environmental health. To be more than reactive, it is necessary to understand the complexity and interactions of integrated environmental health risks, including the possibility of significant global population decline within the current century. This contribution provides an overview to the Limits to Growth, linking it especially to the “planetary boundaries” of climate change, biodiversity loss and novel entities (including artificial substances and genetically modified organisms). The gradual increase in the amount of primary energy required to generate useable energy is also argued to be an under-recognized contributing factor to the decline in real wages growth for much of the world’s population since then, although this aspect may be improving. These elements have positive and negative health effects, which we discuss.


id: cord-293304-kakxmc14
author: Achutha, A. S.
date: 2020-09-22
txt: ./txt/cord-293304-kakxmc14.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-293304-kakxmc14.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32960061/
doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00683
summary:
  The interactions with the active site residues especially with Cys145 and His41, which are involved in catalytic diad for proteolysis, make these compounds potent main protease inhibitors. Molecular docking studies with the 3CL pro protein were performed to analyze the drug likeness as well as to correlate the binding energy of the docked complex with various physicochemical properties of the active molecules, which will aid in the design of new anti-COVID-19 medicatives. By using the formulated regression Model 2, we predicted the binding energy of some primaquine analogs obtained from the literature and PubChem database and then carried out their molecular docking studies on 3CL pro target to check the inhibitory potency of the ligands, given in Table 4 . Thirty molecules that showed lower binding energies were subjected to molecular docking analysis to identify the potent 3CL pro inhibitors (Supplementary Figure S5) .

title:
  Theoretical Insights into the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Chloroquine and Its Analogs and In Silico Screening of Main Protease Inhibitors

abstract:
  [Image: see text] Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is a dangerous disease rapidly spreading all over the world today. Currently there are no treatment options for it. Drug repurposing studies explored the potency of antimalarial drugs, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, against SARS-CoV-2 virus. These drugs can inhibit the viral protease, called chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease, also known as Main protease (3CL(pro)); hence, we studied the binding efficiencies of 4-aminoquinoline and 8-aminoquinoline analogs of chloroquine. Six compounds furnished better binding energies than chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. The interactions with the active site residues especially with Cys145 and His41, which are involved in catalytic diad for proteolysis, make these compounds potent main protease inhibitors. A regression model correlating binding energy and the molecular descriptors for chloroquine analogs was generated with R(2) = 0.9039 and Q(2) = 0.8848. This model was used to screen new analogs of primaquine and molecules from the Asinex compound library. The docking and regression analysis showed these analogs to be more potent inhibitors of 3CL(pro) than hydroxychloroquine and primaquine. The molecular dynamic simulations of the hits were carried out to determine the binding stabilities. Finally, we propose four compounds that show drug likeness toward SARS-CoV-2 that can be further validated through in vitro and in vivo studies.


id: cord-294202-74ixazg4
title: Renewable energy diversification: Considerations for farm business resilience
author: Morris, Wyn
date: 2020-10-19
txt: ./txt/cord-294202-74ixazg4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-294202-74ixazg4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0743016720305386
doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.10.014
summary:
  Furthermore the research provides valuable information to the farming industry on opportunities in renewable energy production, particularly for farmers and farm businesses who are considering diversification strategies. Farm household incomes have often included subsidies, food production, tourism or other forms of off-farm income, however, it is recognised that the natural resources of rural spaces in Wales provide opportunities for growth in sustainable energy generation. The research aims to examine farm diversification activities and farmer attitudes towards renewable energy generation in supporting agribusinesses in Wales, as such, the study uses a sequential mixed method design (Creswell and Plano Clark, 2011) of two equally-weighted independent phases to undertake an in-depth investigation into the matter. Respondents acknowledge the abundance of natural resources that exist in Wales provides opportunities for farmers to diversify into renewable energy, however, the type of renewable energy adoption varies according to the specific conditions of the farm.

abstract:
  With a varied landscape, Wales is resource rich in terms of wind and water and a suitable location to develop many different forms of sustainable energy. Whilst farm businesses face increasing challenges in terms of economic stability and traditional production methods, this paper considers the role of renewable energy production as a form of diversification. The study adopts mixed methods as a means of undertaking an in-depth investigation into the role of renewable energy generation in supporting agribusinesses in Wales. Initially a questionnaire obtained 118 responses from farmers in Wales. Subsequently, 15 follow-up semi-structured interviews with farmers were conducted to further investigate the issues from the initial questionnaire. The theoretical contribution of this paper is a segmentation of farmer businesses which allows for distinctions to be made of different attitudes to off-farm income and the adoption of renewable energy sources. Five farm types were identified, varying in relation to farm characteristics, attitudes to diversification, access to renewable energy and resource allocation. These farm types highlight the need for specific policies towards facilitating the increase in renewable energy along with sustaining farming incomes. Furthermore the research provides valuable information to the farming industry on opportunities in renewable energy production, particularly for farmers and farm businesses who are considering diversification strategies.


id: cord-303102-ap1dzbp9
title: It is time to control the worst: testing COVID-19 outbreak, energy consumption and CO(2) emission
author: Iqbal, Sajid
date: 2020-11-12
txt: ./txt/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33184786/
doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11462-z
summary:
  While, due to COVID-19 outbreak, several health issues have been raised and such issues are becoming serious days by day, more specifically in frugal economies like Pakistan, this impact is very critical, and now, an economic shock is being perceived; lockdown is being extended continuously; and by the effect of lockdown fuel consumption, CO 2 emission, energy demand and supply declined and market mechanism is altered very speedily. By the fact, the COVID-19 outbreak affected the energy sector of the world as a whole, and eventually, the demand graph of oil supplies have become bearish; oil market prices faced a decline; and big economies like the USA are bidding the oil-free of cost (Malamud and Núñez 2020) . We contributed in literature by presenting a novel study on the COVID-19 effect on carbon emission and energy consumption in modern time when the world is finding the solution for each and every sector and each and every aspect to make it sustainable.

abstract:
  During the COVID-19 outbreak, managing energy consumption and CO(2) emission remained a serious problem. The previous literature rarely solved this real-time issue, and there is a lack of public research proposing an effective way forward on it. However, the study examines the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on energy consumption and CO(2) emission. The design of the study is quantitative, and the data is acquired from different online databases. The model of the study is inferred by using panel unit root test and ARDL test. The robustness of study findings was checked through panel quantile regression. The findings highlighted that the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively significant with energy consumption and CO(2) emission. The study suggested revising the energy consumption patterns by developing and implementing the national action plan for energy consumption and environmental protection. The study also contributed in knowledge by suggesting the novel insight into CO(2) emission and energy consumption patterns during COVID-19 pandemic and recommended to consider renewable energy transition methods as an opportunity for the society. For a more effective management of energy consumption and environmental pollution, country-specific measures are suggested to be taken, and the national government should support the concerned public departments, ministries and private organizations on it. To the best of our study, this is one of the pioneer studies studying this novel link and suggesting the way forward on recent topicality.


id: cord-304887-7ly692to
title: Technology Innovation System analysis of decarbonisation options in the EU steel industry
author: Skoczkowski, Tadeusz
date: 2020-08-28
txt: ./txt/cord-304887-7ly692to.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-304887-7ly692to.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544220317965?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118688
summary:
  Global political agreement on the urgency of GHG emission reduction Broad consensus of all actors on the need to decarbonise the I&S industry Actors, institutions are well established in multiannual historical processes Low interest of public opinion in technology innovation in the I&S industry as such, but the high expectation to reduce environmental harm Visibility of effects of environment protection measures build-ups of local support, e.g. reduction of air pollution EU and national environmental targets, e.g. GHG emission reduction, set indirectly the targets on I&S industry decarbonisation Development of positive externalities Acknowledged societal importance, national and local, e.g. retaining jobs Flow of knowledge among different TISs, e.g. RES-energy, chemical industry, cement industry, automobile, construction, resulting in mutual benefits Strong complementarians among technologies, e.g. steel-hydrogen-RES, electrolysis-RES; in by-products utilisation, e.g. cement industry Large potential contribution to the circular economy Participation in global trend to the decarbonisation of EII Realising the potential for GHG emission reduction and energy and material efficiency 6.

abstract:
  Decarbonisation of the iron and steel (I&S) industry is crucial in the efforts to meet the EU GHG emission reduction objectives in 2030…2050. Promoting decarbonisation in this sector will necessarily require the identification, development, and diffusion of breakthrough technologies for I&S production. This paper uses an approach inspired by the Technology Innovation System (TIS) to analyse the development of technology in the EU I&S industry and identify potential avenues of its decarbonisation. We have described key elements of the TIS, analyse the functioning of these elements and their interactions in a more general context of innovation dynamics and policy design; The focus has been put on the role of actors and the identification of the main specific blocking and inducement mechanism in the TIS to better explain its functioning. Risks and uncertainties have also been discussed. We argue that deep decarbonisation in the I&S industry is feasible but its TIS requires firm support, mostly political, to finance intensive R&D and reduce the business risk. To this end, all actors shall support more effectively the invention and implementation of new radical production technologies. The recommendations are mostly addressed to politicians although stressing the importance of collaboration of all actors.


id: cord-304935-8gcmqh4e
title: Energy Return on Investment (EROI) and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of biofuels in Ecuador
author: Chiriboga, Gonzalo
date: 2020-06-28
txt: ./txt/cord-304935-8gcmqh4e.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-304935-8gcmqh4e.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04213
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04213
summary:
  Several issues have slowed the incorporation of biofuels into worldwide transportation, for example, competition with the food sector for the use of feedstocks (Ho et al., 2014) , the decrease in the calorific value due to the presence of oxygen (Oh et al., 2018) , stillage handling and disposal (Silva et al., 2011) , and the Energy Return on Investment (EROI) (Jessica G Lambert, Hall, Balogh, Gupta and Arnold, 2013) . First, the study developed an extensive survey of the different raw materials with energetic potential (Instituto Nacional de Preinversi on, 2014), namely agricultural and forestry crops with higher production records and yields, such as sugar cane, corn, wood, African palm (Figueroa de la Vega, 2008) , and pinion (Instituto Interamericano de Cooperaci on para la Agricultura, 2016). Hence, statistical tools and case studies are needed to determine the relationship between the energy consumption "dependent variable" and the raw material "independent variable." For biofuels production, this information allows the construction of four scenarios with different levels of corn, wood, fat, and African palm designated.

abstract:
  In Ecuador, the net energy contribution of biofuels is unknown or unnoticed. To address this issue, we determined the Energy Return on Investment (EROI) for bioethanol and biodiesel. The selection of raw materials relied on their productive capacity, export and import records, and historical yields. Consequently, the scope included three raw materials for ethanol (sugar cane, corn, and forest residues) and four for biodiesel (African palm, pinion, bovine fat, and swine fat). Using a method based on the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of each biofuel, we assessed the entire production chain through statistical processing of primary and secondary information. Then we calculated the calorific values in the laboratory, compared energy inputs/outputs, and finally obtained the energetic returns. EROIs for bioethanol were: 1.797 for sugarcane, 1.040 for corn, and 0.739 for wood. The results for biodiesel were: 3.052 for African palm, 2.743 for pinion, 2.187 for bovine fat, and 2.891 for swine fat. These values suggest feasibility only for sugarcane in the case of ethanol. In contrast, biodiesel has better prospects because all the feedstocks analyzed had EROIs higher than two. Nevertheless, biodiesel is not available for trading in Ecuador because energy policy has overlooked systems based on higher energy return. Future studies should consider more comprehensive variables such as climate change, land use, and water management.


id: cord-305429-8pm28fmd
author: Almaktar, Mohamed
date: 2020-08-14
txt: ./txt/cord-305429-8pm28fmd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-305429-8pm28fmd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834572/
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123647
summary:
  This paper investigates the use of small-scale PV systems in local communities as non-wires alternative (NWA), offering excess energy exchange within local/neighboring microgrids (MGs) for reliable electric power supply. It is, therefore, imperative for local communities in Libya to tap the 260 vast RE potential the country has and develop modular power supply via distributed renewable generation 261 as a NWA connected directly to load centers. In terms of energy sale, the study initially assumes 498 that the NWA system receives no incentive for injecting excess energy into the grid as this is the real case Considering the grid electricity price equals to 1.4 $¢/kWh (current tariff), inflation rate at 12%, diesel 506 fuel price in its lowest (11 $¢/L), and $0 for the price of energy sold back to the grid, it is found that the 507 optimum configuration is for the PV-grid without battery storage, referring to Fig. 11 .

title:
  Revitalizing Operational Reliability of the Electrical Energy System in Libya: Feasibility Analysis of Solar Generation in Local Communities

abstract:
  Abstract The political upheaval and the civil war in Libya had a painful toll on the operational reliability of the electric energy supply system. With frequent power cuts and crumbling infrastructure, mainly due to the damage inflicted upon several power plants and grid assets as well as the lack of maintenance, many Libyans are left without electricity for several hours a day. As the country has a staggeringly immense potential of solar energy, it is inevitable to exploit such potential, to avert system-wide blackouts. This paper investigates the use of small-scale PV systems in local communities as non-wires alternative (NWA), offering excess energy exchange within local/neighboring microgrids (MGs) for reliable electric power supply. Different combinations of PV/storage/diesel distributed generations (DGs), with grid-interface options, were applied on a case study of a typical dwelling in the Eastern Libyan city of Benghazi. Technical and financial feasibility assessments were carried out to contrast between various supply combinations. Sensitivity analysis of the PV-grid system was also conducted using Net Present Value (NPV) and the payback time indicators to determine the impacts of Feed-in Tariff (FiT) rates, financial incentives, electricity tariff, and inflation rate on the economic viability of the PV grid system. Results show that the PV-grid system has a promising potential under reasonable set of varying system parameters. On top of its social and environmental-friendly advantages, the PV-battery system is found to be more economical when adopted as a standalone NWA solution as compared to the diesel generator option, even at the lowest diesel price. The PV-grid system does not only provide a short-term remedy to the rolling blackouts in Libya but also enhances system operational reliability by providing a NWA to rundown or shattered grid infrastructure, thus bolstering energy provision in residential neighborhoods.


id: cord-311868-40bri19f
title: A systemic approach to analyze integrated energy system modeling tools: A review of national models
author: Fattahi, A.
date: 2020-11-30
txt: ./txt/cord-311868-40bri19f.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-311868-40bri19f.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032120304858
doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110195
summary:
  We reviewed the literature focusing on nineteen integrated Energy System Models (ESMs) to: (i) identify the capabilities and shortcomings of current ESMs to analyze adequately the transition towards a low-carbon energy system; (ii) assess the performance of the selected models by means of the derived criteria, and (iii) discuss some potential solutions to address the ESM gaps. First, we identify key criteria for analyzing current ESMs and we describe seven current and future low-carbon energy system modeling challenges: the increasing need for flexibility, further electrification, emergence of new technologies, technological learning and efficiency improvements, decentralization, macroeconomic interactions, and the role of social behavior in the energy system transition. Based on these modeling challenges, we identify the required modeling capabilities, such as the need for hourly temporal resolution, sectoral coupling technologies (i.e., P2X), technological learning, flexibility and storage technologies, human behavior, cross border trade, and linking with market and macroeconomic models.

abstract:
  We reviewed the literature focusing on nineteen integrated Energy System Models (ESMs) to: (i) identify the capabilities and shortcomings of current ESMs to analyze adequately the transition towards a low-carbon energy system; (ii) assess the performance of the selected models by means of the derived criteria, and (iii) discuss some potential solutions to address the ESM gaps. This paper delivers three main outcomes. First, we identify key criteria for analyzing current ESMs and we describe seven current and future low-carbon energy system modeling challenges: the increasing need for flexibility, further electrification, emergence of new technologies, technological learning and efficiency improvements, decentralization, macroeconomic interactions, and the role of social behavior in the energy system transition. These criteria are then translated into required modeling capabilities such as the need for hourly temporal resolution, sectoral coupling technologies (e.g., P2X), technological learning, flexibility technologies, stakeholder behavior, cross border trade, and linking with macroeconomic models. Second, a Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) is used as a framework to identify modeling gaps while clarifying high modeling capabilities of MARKAL, TIMES, REMix, PRIMES, and METIS. Third, to bridge major energy modeling gaps, two conceptual modeling suites are suggested, based on both optimization and simulation methodologies, in which the integrated ESM is hard-linked with a regional model and an energy market model and soft-linked with a macroeconomic model.


id: cord-318524-704w8ldm
title: Experimental and DFT data of p-chlorocalix[4]arene as drugs receptor
author: Kadir, M.A.
date: 2020-09-02
txt: ./txt/cord-318524-704w8ldm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-318524-704w8ldm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352340920311574
doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106263
summary:
  The data in this article provide information on spectroscopic and theoretical data for p-chlorocalix[4]arene when combined with selected drugs, such as paracetamol, ibuprofen, and cetirizine. It is interesting to note that of the three titled drugs identified, p-chlorocalix[4]arene showed the highest interaction energy with paracetamol, followed by ibuprofen and cetirizine. Keywords p-Chlorocalix [4] arene, paracetamol, interaction energy, molecular receptors, Gaussian Specifications Table Subject Chemistry Gaussian 09 software was used to calculate the interactions between host (pchlorocalix [4] arene ) and guest molecules (paracetamol, ibuprofen, and cetirizine) The p-chlorocalix [4] arene acted as molecular host, and three selected guest drugs namely paracetamol, ibuprofen, and cetirizine, acted as the guest molecules. The diagram showed that pchlorocalix [4] arene and cetirizine has the lowest energy band gap (2.9321 eV) as compared to paracetamol (4.9239 eV) and ibuprofen (5.1128 eV).

abstract:
  The data in this article provide information on spectroscopic and theoretical data for p-chlorocalix[4]arene when combined with selected drugs, such as paracetamol, ibuprofen, and cetirizine. The present spectroscopic data are generated from Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ((1)H NMR and (13)C NMR), and Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) as the key tools for molecular characterization. The measurement of the optimization energy, interaction energy, and the band gap energy between the molecules was calculated by Gaussian 09 software. It is interesting to note that of the three titled drugs identified, p-chlorocalix[4]arene showed the highest interaction energy with paracetamol, followed by ibuprofen and cetirizine.


id: cord-320490-3jmo35jc
author: Ismail, Saba
date: 2020-04-12
txt: ./txt/cord-320490-3jmo35jc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-320490-3jmo35jc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.05.026005
doi: 10.1101/2020.04.05.026005
summary:
  In this study, we characterized the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein by immune-informatics techniques to put forward potential B and T cell epitopes, followed by the use of epitopes in construction of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine construct (MEPVC). Stable conformation of the MEPVC with a representative innate immune TLR3 receptor was observed involving strong hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemical interactions, along with enhanced contribution from salt-bridges towards inter-molecular stability. The study presented, herein, is an attempt to get insights about antigenic determinants of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and highlight all antigenic epitopes [31] of the spike that can be used specifically for the design of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine construct (MEPVC) [32] to counter COVID-19 infections. The epitopes predicted by immunoinformatics techniques were fused together as well as to β-defensin adjuvant [33, 34] to boost the antibody production and longThe MEPVC affinity for an appropriate immune receptor as an agonist was checked in the step of molecular docking [60] .

title:
  Immuno-informatics Characterization SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein for Prioritization of Epitope based Multivalent Peptide Vaccine

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a public-health emergency of international concern and thus calling for the development of safe and effective therapeutics and prophylactics particularly a vaccine to protect against the infection. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein is an attractive candidate for vaccine, antibodies and inhibitor development because of many roles it plays in attachment, fusion and entry into the host cell. In this study, we characterized the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein by immune-informatics techniques to put forward potential B and T cell epitopes, followed by the use of epitopes in construction of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine construct (MEPVC). The MEPVC revealed robust host immune system simulation with high production of immunoglobulins, cytokines and interleukins. Stable conformation of the MEPVC with a representative innate immune TLR3 receptor was observed involving strong hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemical interactions, along with enhanced contribution from salt-bridges towards inter-molecular stability. Molecular dynamics simulation in solution aided further in interpreting strong affinity of the MEPVC for TLR3. This stability is the attribute of several vital residues from both TLR3 and MEPVC as shown by radial distribution function (RDF) and a novel analytical tool axial frequency distribution (AFD). Comprehensive binding free energies estimation was provided at the end that concluded major domination by electrostatic and minor from van der Waals. Summing all, the designed MEPVC has tremendous potential of providing protective immunity against COVID-19 and thus has the potential to be considered in experimental studies.


id: cord-324185-zt88o3co
author: Sovacool, Benjamin K.
date: 2020-10-31
txt: ./txt/cord-324185-zt88o3co.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-324185-zt88o3co.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101701
doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101701
summary:
  Jefferson (this volume) [18] writes "In the run-up to the collapse of crude oil prices in early 2020 it was primarily a division between Russia and Saudi Arabia within OPEC which appeared to be the main force at work, but then the COVID-19 pandemic took over, followed by US oil prices turning negative in April 2020, as May contracts expired and traders had to offload stocks with ongoing storage becoming extremely limited." He further states that despite the stimulus and recovery packages being offered by many nations, "there will be many oil sectors incurring losses, from US shale oil and Canadian tar sands producers, to many standard crude oil exporters incurring problems with production equipment access and costs, or experiencing lack of competitiveness in key markets." Recent data from the International Energy Agency confirms this point, noting severe reductions in global demand for oil and natural gas (see Fig. 2 ).

title:
  Contextualizing the Covid-19 pandemic for a carbon-constrained world: Insights for sustainability transitions, energy justice, and research methodology

abstract:
  Abstract The global Covid-19 pandemic has rapidly overwhelmed our societies, shocked the global economy and overburdened struggling health care systems and other social institutions around the world. While such impacts of Covid-19 are becoming clearer, the implications of the disease for energy and climate policy are more prosaic. This Special Section seeks to offer more clarity on the emerging connections between Covid-19 and energy supply and demand, energy governance, future low-carbon transitions, social justice, and even the practice of research methodology. It features articles that ask, and answer: What are the known and anticipated impacts of Covid-19 on energy demand and climate change? How has the disease shaped institutional responses and varying energy policy frameworks, especially in Africa? How will the disease impact ongoing social practices, innovations and sustainability transitions, including not only renewable energy but also mobility? How might the disease, and social responses to it, exacerbate underlying patterns of energy poverty, energy vulnerability, and energy injustice? Lastly, what challenges and insights does the pandemic offer for the practice of research, and for future research methodology? We find that without careful guidance and consideration, the brave new age wrought by Covid-19 could very well collapse in on itself with bloated stimulus packages that counter sustainability goals, misaligned incentives that exacerbate climate change, the entrenchment of unsustainable practices, and acute and troubling consequences for vulnerable groups.


id: cord-325471-fc152wm3
author: Zhang, Xiaqi
date: 2020-09-04
txt: ./txt/cord-325471-fc152wm3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-325471-fc152wm3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109169
doi: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109169
summary:
  Using Monte Carlo methods, this study investigates energy deposition of energetic electrons and ionization in the 2019 novel coronavirus by electron irradiation, which are important characteristic quantities related with biological damage formation. The densities and distributions of energy deposition and ionization were calculated from the stopping power and inelastic cross-sections in the electron-cascade simulation. Therefore, the interaction of low-energy electrons with the main proteins and RNA macromolecules of the novel coronavirus was the key issue of our calculation. The stopping power was suitable for describing the energy-deposition probability in the target, and the ionization events were determined as the inelastic cross-sections of collisions with the shell electrons of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f an atom. In this work, we calculated the distributions of energy deposition and ionization in the novel coronavirus irradiated with electrons having primary energies below 10 keV.

title:
  Calculations of energy deposition and ionization in the 2019 novel coronavirus by electron beam irradiation

abstract:
  Using Monte Carlo methods, this study investigates energy deposition of energetic electrons and ionization in the 2019 novel coronavirus by electron irradiation, which are important characteristic quantities related with biological damage formation. The inelastic scattering of low-energy electrons (<10 keV) was calculated by dielectric theory. The optical energy-loss functions of viral proteins and RNA were derived from an empirical method in the energy-loss range <40 eV and the calculation of optical parameters of the biomolecules. The densities and distributions of energy deposition and ionization were calculated from the stopping power and inelastic cross-sections in the electron-cascade simulation. Electrons with primary energies of approximately 1–3 keV produced significant energy deposition and ionization in the target coronavirus. More energetic electrons were less effective due to the larger electron range and fewer scattering events in the coronavirus.


id: cord-326749-t727v0zt
author: Lee, P.
date: 2013-07-16
txt: ./txt/cord-326749-t727v0zt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-326749-t727v0zt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0378778813004064
doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.07.018
summary:
  This paper proposes a simulation-based method to evaluate the probability of energy saving shortfall taking into account the variations in the influential parameters, including weather conditions, occupancy, operating hours, thermostat set-point, etc., during the contract period. Empirical data is also used to develop the probability distribution functions for the identified parameters to simulate the actual yearly variations in the post-retrofit conditions. This paper aims at developing a simulation-based method to evaluate the probability of energy saving shortfall taking into account the variations in the influential parameters. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to generate a common set of post-retrofit condition data based on the PDF of the selected parameters. A risk analysis tool based on Monte Carlo simulation (@Risk) [44] was utilised to generate 10,000 common data sets of 7 input parameters for two calibrated building energy models.

title:
  Probabilistic risk assessment of the energy saving shortfall in energy performance contracting projects–A case study

abstract:
  Lack of a proper assessment method on performance risks in Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) projects is one of the reasons hindering the further development of energy service companies (ESCOs) market. This paper proposes a simulation-based method to evaluate the probability of energy saving shortfall taking into account the variations in the influential parameters, including weather conditions, occupancy, operating hours, thermostat set-point, etc., during the contract period. The proposed method involves the use of a detailed building energy simulation programme, sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Empirical data is also used to develop the probability distribution functions for the identified parameters to simulate the actual yearly variations in the post-retrofit conditions. A real case study of replacement of heat rejection system for a central chiller plant in Hong Kong is used to demonstrate the application of this probabilistic method. The result shows that the possible energy savings after a 1-year retrofit period ranges from 393,000 kW h (2.86%) to 1098,000 kW h (10.8%) with 90% statistical significance.


id: cord-327278-2n9eo1n8
author: Gil-Alana, Luis A.
date: 2020-09-30
txt: ./txt/cord-327278-2n9eo1n8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-327278-2n9eo1n8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211467X20300754
doi: 10.1016/j.esr.2020.100522
summary:
  where y t refers to each of the observed time series (energy consumption and prices in the spot and future markets); β 0 and β 1 are unknown coefficients referring, respectively, to an intercept and a linear time trend, while x t is supposed to be I(d), where d can be any real value; finally, u t is I(0), expressed in terms of both uncorrelated and autocorrelated (Bloomfield) errors. These results suggest that the energy spot market in Portugal and Spain presents the price-elasticity of demand expected behaviour of micro-economics, where higher prices induces lower consumption and vice-versa, in a feedback process that is temporally persistent. Throughout this paper the stochastic properties of energy consumption and energy prices in Spain and Portugal have been examined by using fractional integration or I(d) techniques in the spot and futures markets.

title:
  The relationship between energy consumption and prices. Evidence from futures and spot markets in Spain and Portugal

abstract:
  Abstract Slow economic recovery, market concentration, and scant alternative energy sources make the Iberian energy market quite idiosyncratic when compared to the rest of the EU. This paper focusses on the Iberian energy market by dealing with the analysis of the relationship between energy consumpiton and energy prices by using fractional integration in the Iberian market. This technique is used in order to examine the degree of persistence of the series, looking at the spot and futures markets in Spain and Portugal. The results indicate that all the series are fractionally integrated, showing long memory and mean reverting behaviour. Moreover, a close relation between energy consumption and energy prices is found in the spot market whereas it is not found in the futures market. In fact, there is a weak relationship between the futures market and energy consumption. However, regarding energy pricing, the relationship is stronger but with the spot market itself.


id: cord-331829-td9m9ojx
title: Running out? Rethinking resource depletion.
author: Kirsch, Stuart
date: 2020-07-08
txt: ./txt/cord-331829-td9m9ojx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-331829-td9m9ojx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837931/
doi: 10.1016/j.exis.2020.06.002
summary:
  On the other, concerns about global climate change and the competitiveness of renewable energy are turning coal into a sunset industry and threaten to transform oil reserves into stranded assets. Whether incorporated into digital technology or infrastructure, the majority of metals remain available for recycling, which is generally less expensive, uses less energy, and has fewer environmental impacts than extracting minerals from the earth. The threat posed by climate change from continued use of fossil fuels, and the impacts of environmental degradation caused by resource extraction, demand greater attention than the misleading specter of peak oil or running out of metals. But in recent years, the Malthusian fear of running out of minerals and fossil fuels has largely been overtaken by concerns about the contribution of greenhouse gas emissions to global climate change and environmental degradation resulting from resource extraction.

abstract:
  Since the 1970s, environmentalists have warned that overconsumption, especially of minerals and fossil fuels, will lead to resource depletion. But there are compelling reasons to question the assertion that we are running out. On the one hand, new technologies and discoveries have increased the supply of petroleum and natural gas. On the other, concerns about global climate change and the competitiveness of renewable energy are turning coal into a sunset industry and threaten to transform oil reserves into stranded assets. In contrast to fossil fuels, which are consumed in the process of generating energy, virtually all of the metals excavated in the past remain available even after they have been put to use. Even though the average size and degree of mineralization of recently-discovered ore bodies is on the decline, there has never been as much copper, silver, and gold available for human consumption as there is today. Whether incorporated into digital technology or infrastructure, the majority of metals remain available for recycling, which is generally less expensive, uses less energy, and has fewer environmental impacts than extracting minerals from the earth. The threat posed by climate change from continued use of fossil fuels, and the impacts of environmental degradation caused by resource extraction, demand greater attention than the misleading specter of peak oil or running out of metals.


id: cord-333338-6mxeq8dg
title: COVID-19 and household energy implications: what are the main impacts on energy use?
author: Cheshmehzangi, Ali
date: 2020-10-09
txt: ./txt/cord-333338-6mxeq8dg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333338-6mxeq8dg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05202
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05202
summary:
  By exploring this overarching aim, the main objectives of this perspective paper are (1) to evaluate the main impacts on the primary household energy use, (2) to suggest what could become a longer-term energy implication for the households, and (3) to address what needs to be studied at a larger scale in the future research. The methodology package is designed based on a pilot study, evaluating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on household energy use and consumption. Second, the results of ''cooking'' and ''household entertainment activities'' are summarized together to indicate the changes between different phases and the correlation between these two daily needs that require energy use for preparation and operations. It mainly investigates the changes that could suggest major impacts on the household energy use because of the COVID-19, and some that could potentially last longer than these few months of the pandemic.

abstract:
  This study explores the impacts of COVID-19 on household energy use. Some of these impacts are associated with longer-term energy demand changes and some could just be temporary. The study intends to present the results of a small pilot study conducted in China, by addressing household energy use. The samples are from 352 households and particularly focus on primary energy use in three periods of pre-pandemic (and pre-lockdown), start of COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown, and post lockdown. Each period is identified as a timeframe of 2.5 months, from November 2019 to late June 2020. The samples of this study highlight the primary implications of energy use, some that are understood as interim changes and some that may appear to be more prolonged. The results from the study highlight a variety of impacts on household energy use as well as prolonged impacts on transportation use. The primary household energy use are assessed in six fundamental elements of (1) transportation for commuting and leisure (for both private and public modes), (2) cooking, (3) entertainment, (4) heating and cooling, (5) lighting, and (6) the others. The results are summarized in three sections focused on major impacts on transportation use (comparison between private and public modes), cooking and entertainment, heating/cooling and lighting. The results could provide early suggestions for cities/regions that are experiencing longer lockdown. Furthermore, this study provides insights for larger-scale research in assessing household energy use/demand during times of health emergency and crises, such as the event of a pandemic.


id: cord-334329-puwf6ab5
author: Yongjun, Gao
date: 2020-10-17
txt: ./txt/cord-334329-puwf6ab5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-334329-puwf6ab5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920586120306763?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.10.004
summary:
  Policy realignment under the five-year plan is discussed in length to demonstrate how policy, markets, and engineering designs contribute towards the development of model direct methanol fuel cells operational enhancement, and factors that affect critical performance parameters for commercial exploitation are summarized for catalytic formulations and cell design within the context of why this investment in technology, education, and finances is required within the global context of sustainable energy and energy independence as exposed by thirteenth the five-year plan. Whilst direct CO2 hydrogenation to methanol is a new technology, advances in a catalyst, reactor design, and operational at lower temperatures are pushing these technologies to be competitive with electricity generation from fossil fuels, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f with the catalyst being based around Cu, such as Cu/ZnO, Nb2O5 of Ga2O3, with carbon nanotubes as support.

title:
  Electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells to demonstrate China''s renewable energy renewable portfolio standards within the framework of the 13th five-year plan

abstract:
  A unified treatment of the renewable portfolio standards is given concerning direct methanol fuel. The current mechanism of electrocatalysis of methanol oxidation on platinum and non-platinum-containing alloys is summarized for the systematic improvement of the rate of electro-oxidation of methanol are discussed. Policy realignment under the five-year plan is discussed in length to demonstrate how policy, markets, and engineering designs contribute towards the development of model direct methanol fuel cells operational enhancement, and factors that affect critical performance parameters for commercial exploitation are summarized for catalytic formulations and cell design within the context of why this investment in technology, education, and finances is required within the global context of sustainable energy and energy independence as exposed by thirteenth the five-year plan. The prolog focuses on the way, whereas the section on methanol fuel cells on the how and the post log on what is expected post-COVID-19 era in science and technology as China pivots to a post-fossil fuel economy. China's industrial growth has been through internal market reforms and supplies side economics from the Chinese markets for fossil fuels except for petroleum. The latest renewable portfolio standards adopted have common elements as adopted from North American and the United Kingdom in terms of adaptation of obligation in terms of renewable portfolio standards as well as a realization that the necessity for renewables standards for the thirteen five year plan (from 2016 to 2020) need to less rigorously implemented due to performance targets that were met during the eleventh (06–10) and twelfth five-year plans (11–15) in terms of utilization of small coal-ire power plants, development of newer standards, led to an improvement of energy efficiency of 15 %, reduction of SO(x)/NO(x) by an average of 90 % and PM2.5 by 96 % over the last two five-year plans. The current phase of the plan has a focus on energy generation from coal and a slowing down of renewables or Renewable energy curtailment of approximately 400 T Wh renewables including 300 T Wh of non-hydro power, principally from Guangdong, and Jiangsu for transfer of hydropower and Zhejiang, Tianjin, Henan for non-hydro power transfer with Beijing and Shanghai playing important roles in renewables energy curtailment and realignment using an integrated approach to optimize each provinces energy portfolio. The realignment of the renewable energy portfolio indicates that the newly installed capacity in Sichuan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Zhejiang will account for less than 20 % of the current renewable energy portfolio but with the NO(x) SO(x) and PM(2.5) savings already accrued. The catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol (70 / 110 million metric tons from all sources in 2019 for China/world) is one technological approach to reduce global carbon dioxide emissions and suggests that catalytic methanol synthesis by CO(2) hydrogenation may be a plausible approach, even if it is more expensive economically than methanol synthesis by the syngas approach. This is because the CO(2) emissions of the synthesis are lower than other synthesis methodologies. The Chinese government has placed a premium on cleaner air and water and may view such an approach as solving the dual issues of fuel substitution and reduction of CO(2). Thus, the coupling of hydrogen generation from sustainable energies sources (Solar 175 / 509 GW) or wind (211/591.5 GW in 2019) may be an attractive approach, as this requires slightly less water than coal gasification. Due to the thermodynamic requirement of lower operating pressure and higher operating pressure, currently, there is no single operational approach, although some practice approaches (220 °C at 48 atm using copper) and zinc oxide/alumina are suggested for optimal performance.


id: cord-335330-d8qevnl5
title: The continuing evolution of Energy Policy
author: Brown, Stephen P.A.
date: 2020-04-09
txt: ./txt/cord-335330-d8qevnl5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-335330-d8qevnl5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111459
doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111459
abstract: nan
summary:
  Dominated by the oil crises, security of supply, and energy efficiency, the 1975, 76, 77 and 79 volumes did not have any articles addressing environmental or climate change issues. Articles about climate issues related to energy use took a bit longer to develop, and the journal published a special issue on climate policy in 1993. Increased recognition about environmental issues and climate change associated with energy use and then rising oil prices have stimulated a strong surge in research about energy policy. Although the journal has become more technical as the field of energy-related research has matured, we expect the articles that we publish to inform energy-related policy. We are working to increase the number of Invited Review Articles, and we continue to seek the submission of manuscripts addressing behavioral aspects of energy choices that need to be better understood in order to design effective programs and policies.


id: cord-337058-rhu5hp9t
title: The genetic and cultural evolution of unsustainability
author: Snyder, Brian F.
date: 2020-04-06
txt: ./txt/cord-337058-rhu5hp9t.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-337058-rhu5hp9t.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00803-z
doi: 10.1007/s11625-020-00803-z
summary:
  Here, we integrate this theory with Lotka''s Maximum Power Principle and propose a model linking energy extraction from the environment with genetic, technological and cultural evolution to increase human ecosystem carrying capacity. Lotka argued that natural selection acted so that organisms sought to maximize the rate at which it extracted energy from the environment; H.T. Odum later named this hypothesis the maximum power principle (Sciubba 2011) . Phrased in the language of the present paper, Malthus argued that the rate of increase of energy extraction from the environment was principally resource (rather than technology) limited and that this resulted in socio-ecological crisis when the rate of population growth exceeded the rate of energy extraction growth. We propose that human societies are prone to unsustainability, because they have evolved to maximize their rate of energy extraction from the environment through a multi-level selective process acting on both genetic and cultural heritable variation.

abstract:
  Anthropogenic changes are accelerating and threaten the future of life on earth. While the proximate mechanisms of these anthropogenic changes are well studied (e.g., climate change, biodiversity loss, population growth), the evolutionary causality of these anthropogenic changes have been largely ignored. Anthroecological theory (AET) proposes that the ultimate cause of anthropogenic environmental change is multi-level selection for niche construction and ecosystem engineering. Here, we integrate this theory with Lotka’s Maximum Power Principle and propose a model linking energy extraction from the environment with genetic, technological and cultural evolution to increase human ecosystem carrying capacity. Carrying capacity is partially determined by energetic factors such as the net energy a population can acquire from its environment and the efficiency of conversion from energy input to offspring output. These factors are under Darwinian genetic selection in all species, but in humans, they are also determined by technology and culture. If there is genetic or non-genetic heritable variation in the ability of an individual or social group to increase its carrying capacity, then we hypothesize that selection or cultural evolution will act to increase carrying capacity. Furthermore, if this evolution of carrying capacity occurs faster than the biotic components of the ecological system can respond via their own evolution, then we hypothesize that unsustainable ecological changes will result.


id: cord-343926-47m17k1t
title: Covid-19 and the Politics of Sustainable Energy Transitions
author: Kuzemko, Caroline
date: 2020-07-02
txt: ./txt/cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101685
doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101685
summary:
  We identify some of the initial impacts of the ''great lockdown'' on sustainable and fossil sources of energy, and consider how economic stimulus packages and social practices in the wake of the pandemic are likely to shape energy demand, the carbon-intensity of the energy system, and the speed of transitions. Discussion focuses on four key themes that shape the politics of sustainable energy transitions: (i) the short, medium and long-term temporalities of energy system change; (ii) practices of investment around clean-tech and divestment from fossil fuels; (iii) structures and scales of energy governance; and (iv) social practices around mobility, work and public health. For example, the Paris Agreement instituted nationally determined climate goals; sustainability transitions were placed on the agendas of many local, national and global governing bodies; the cost of renewable energy continued to fall rapidly, making it an increasingly politically and economically viable option; divestment campaigns were taking off; and there was a surge in public buy-into the argument that urgent action was required to address climate change.

abstract:
  In this perspectives piece, an interdisciplinary team of social science researchers considers the implications of Covid-19 for the politics of sustainable energy transitions. The emergency measures adopted by states, firms, and individuals in response to this global health crisis have driven a series of political, economic and social changes with potential to influence sustainable energy transitions. We identify some of the initial impacts of the ‘great lockdown’ on sustainable and fossil sources of energy, and consider how economic stimulus packages and social practices in the wake of the pandemic are likely to shape energy demand, the carbon-intensity of the energy system, and the speed of transitions. Adopting a broad multi-scalar and multi-actor approach to the analysis of energy system change, we highlight continuities and discontinuities with pre-pandemic trends. Discussion focuses on four key themes that shape the politics of sustainable energy transitions: (i) the short, medium and long-term temporalities of energy system change; (ii) practices of investment around clean-tech and divestment from fossil fuels; (iii) structures and scales of energy governance; and (iv) social practices around mobility, work and public health. While the effects of the pandemic continue to unfold, some of its sectoral and geographically differentiated impacts are already emerging. We conclude that the politics of sustainable energy transitions are now at a critical juncture, in which the form and direction of state support for post-pandemic economic recovery will be key.


id: cord-345024-dtsi9qit
title: Comparing coal phase-out pathways: The United Kingdom’s and Germany’s diverging transitions
author: Brauers, Hanna
date: 2020-10-01
txt: ./txt/cord-345024-dtsi9qit.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-345024-dtsi9qit.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33020728/
doi: 10.1016/j.eist.2020.09.001
summary:
  Each workshops focused on a different set of topics, either touching more socio-political (e.g. health concerns, climate and environmental regulation options) or techno-economic (e.g. number of job losses and possible replacements, technical replacement of coal with renewable energies, grid stability, affordability) aspects as well as the response strategies of the coal regime (e.g. modelling phase-out pathways, liability issues). The declining role of coal combined with widely appreciated and available alternatives like local natural gas, nuclear energy, and renewable energy helped to generate public support for climate change policies. Several policies introduced after 2006 constrained coal''s business opportunities long before the final phase-out decision in 2015, especially the CPF, the Renewables Obligation (RO), the Emissions Performance Standard (EPS), as well as more in general the Climate Change Act and the related carbon budgets.

abstract:
  Political decisions and trends regarding coal use for electricity generation developed differently in the UK and Germany, despite being subject to relatively similar climate protection targets and general political and economic conditions. The UK agreed on a coal phase-out by 2024. In Germany, a law schedules a coal phase-out by 2038 at the latest. This paper investigates reasons for the different developments and aims to identify main hurdles and drivers of coal phase-outs by using the Triple Embeddedness Framework. The comparative case study approach reveals that policy outcomes regarding coal consumption are deeply influenced by several actor groups, namely, coal companies, unions, environmental NGOs, and the government. The most discussed aspects of a coal phase-out in both countries are energy security concerns, whether coal is mined domestically, (regional) economic dependence, as well as the relative power of actors with vested interests in coal consumption.


id: cord-348594-nevbssd3
title: Towards a large-scale integration of renewable energies in Morocco
author: Boulakhbar, M.
date: 2020-09-02
txt: ./txt/cord-348594-nevbssd3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-348594-nevbssd3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352152X20316431
doi: 10.1016/j.est.2020.101806
summary:
  Energy transition in Morocco is expected to have a significant impact on the national power grid stability, generating both a significant need for a network (to integrate a growing fraction of renewable production and benefit from the proliferation of intermittent production) and a decrease in its utilization rate (linked to self-consumption and decentralization of production). Gas is expected to play a major role in the electricity mix and according to [48] in 2011 the gas demand in the MENA countries grew faster than in other regions., since Morocco plans to import 5 billion cubic meters (bcm) of LNG via a new LNG import terminal, which will provide 2,400 MW of new combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs).Morocco''s needs for flexibility will increase and will mainly be provided via decentralized tools (energy storage, erasure, consumption modulation, electric vehicles batteries, decentralized production) requiring the aggregation of a large number of diffuse points; distribution network operators will become real operators, responsible for active network management and the organization of local flexibility markets.

abstract:
  Renewable energies are a sustainable, unlimited and decarbonised solution to address future energy challenges. In this context, Morocco has a considerable advantage to position itself on this promising market. Furthermore, renewable energies have been highlighted as a key strategic source for the country's green growth. Morocco has adopted the renewable energy path through a strategy targeted on the development of solar, wind and hydroelectric power to boost its energy policy by adapting it to the challenges posed by today's world. Nowadays, Morocco is facing a challenge to reach 52% by 2030 of its total renewable energy capacity, which will exceed 42% by the end of 2020. The main objective of this paper is to study a scenario for 2030 for the Moroccan electricity system and to identify the challenges that need to be addressed in order to accelerate the integration of renewable energies in the Moroccan energy mix and to achieve a possible export of such green energy towards Europe.


id: cord-351672-7oi9w87s
title: COVID‐19 pandemic facilitating energy transition opportunities
author: Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír
date: 2020-09-30
txt: ./txt/cord-351672-7oi9w87s.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-351672-7oi9w87s.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6007
doi: 10.1002/er.6007
abstract: nan
summary:
  As the COVID-19 pandemic stimulated new markets in distance meeting/learning, home office, e-shopping and e-socialising, the promising development trend of 5G is highly expected after the pandemic is well controlled. Many innovative and intensified services as e-shopping, advanced and possible person-less waste management collection and treatment, and applications of novel ways for deliveries, for example, drones, can change the energy requirements. 20 It means that with many options opened the new emerging options and opportunities for energy saving and making the generation, distribution and usage more efficient becomes a crucial issue and the research in this direction should be encouraged and facilitated. The future research should follow several avenues: novel opportunities continuously arising as a response to the new demands, energy efficiency and savings as well as reducing and minimising the environmental burden created by electrical power generation, transmission and distribution. Minimising the present and future plastic waste, energy and environmental footprints related to COVID-19


