# pos

id: cord-332110-6fmc5mbs
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.warc.com/newsandopinion/opinion/why-stockpiling-is-not-the-crazy-selfish-behaviour-that-it-seems/3483

lemma:
  https://www.warc.com/newsandopinion/opinion/why-stockpiling-is-not-the-crazy-selfish-behaviour-that-it-seems/3483


id: cord-332110-6fmc5mbs
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.citylab.com/equity/2020/04/coronavirus-spread-map-city-urban-density-suburbs-rural-data/609394/

lemma:
  https://www.citylab.com/equity/2020/04/coronavirus-spread-map-city-urban-density-suburbs-rural-data/609394/


id: cord-332110-6fmc5mbs
pos: JJ
token:
  https://www.gov.uk/government/news/covid-19-government-announces-moving-out-of-contain-phase-and-into-delay

lemma:
  https://www.gov.uk/government/news/covid-19-government-announces-moving-out-of-contain-phase-and-into-delay


id: cord-332110-6fmc5mbs
pos: NNS
token:
  https://yougov.co.uk/topics/health/articles-reports/2020/05/11/brits-split-changes-coronavirus-lockdownmeasures

lemma:
  https://yougov.co.uk/topics/health/articles-reports/2020/05/11/brits-split-changes-coronavirus-lockdownmeasure


id: cord-332110-6fmc5mbs
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/03/nhs-coronavirus-crisis-volunteers-frustrated-at-lack-of-tasks?CMP=Sha

lemma:
  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/03/nhs-coronavirus-crisis-volunteers-frustrated-at-lack-of-tasks?CMP=Sha


id: cord-033328-ny011lj3
pos: NNP
token:
  who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov

lemma:
  who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov


id: cord-033328-ny011lj3
pos: NNP
token:
  who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19-11-march-2020

lemma:
  who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19-11-march-2020


id: cord-033328-ny011lj3
pos: NNP
token:
  https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=128_128287-5agkkojaaa&title=The-territorial-impact-of-covid-19managing-the-crisis-across-levels-of-government

lemma:
  https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=128_128287-5agkkojaaa&title=The-territorial-impact-of-covid-19managing-the-crisis-across-levels-of-government


# ent

id: cord-010477-g754gjvh
type: ORG
entity:
  American College of Emergency Physicians Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee Emergency Nurses Association Pediatric Committee


id: cord-016840-p3sq99yg
type: ORG
entity:
  Africa Ideas for Action Westlands Nairobi HelpAge International Africa Regional Development Centre Military Preventative Medicine Mobilization


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  the UN Development Assistance Framework The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Working Group


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  Regional Office for Africa Pan American Health Organization Regional Office for South East Asia Regional Office for Europe Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  the United Nations Development Fund for Women UNIFEM the International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  the Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and Advancement of Women OSAGI and the Division for the Advancement of Women


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN Organization of the Islamic Conference OIC Pan American Health Organization PAHO Applied Geoscience and Technology Division


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  the World Bank Group WBG International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Development Association


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  the International Development Association International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IBRD


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  BSTDB Caribbean Development Bank CDB Council of Europe Development Bank COEB Development Bank of Southern Africa


id: cord-278083-ut2ssdbz
type: DNA
entity:
  Yanhua Hao 17 Feng Han 11 Ning 10 Yadong Wang 10 Zheng Kang 8 Ying Liu 6 Jincheng Ma 6 Mingli Jiao 5 and Libo Liang 5


id: cord-024981-yfuuirnw
type: ORG
entity:
  Emergency Nurses Association Pediatric Committee American College of Emergency Physicians National Association of EMS Physicians Pediatric Equipment Guidelines Committee Emergency Medical Services for Children EMSC Partnership for Children Stakeholder Group Handbook


id: cord-024981-yfuuirnw
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Quantico VA Critical Incident Response Group CIRG National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime Perforation of


id: cord-024981-yfuuirnw
type: ORG
entity:
  Preparedness and Response Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority United States Department of Health and Human Services Office of the


id: cord-103214-3lz33pj3
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Critical Infrastructure in the Corona Pandemic Strategies and Experiences of a Rural Sole Acute Care Clinic


id: cord-103214-3lz33pj3
type: ORG
entity:
  Expand Structure Presymptomatic SARS CoV 2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility Transmission


id: cord-103214-3lz33pj3
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  a Single Site in Northern California Clinical Observations and Public Health Implications Epidemiological


id: cord-333209-f6xja3v2
type: ORG
entity:
  Disaster Nursing and Emergency Preparedness for Chemical Biological and Radiological Terrorism and Other Hazards Preparedness perceptions sociodemographic characteristics


id: cord-322541-yzum868k
type: ORG
entity:
  the International Health Regulations Pandemic Infl uenza Preparedness Framework Convention on Biological Diversity


id: cord-331452-y5lhawqo
type: LAW
entity:
  The Physiologically 507 Difficult Airway Cardiac Arrest and Mortality Related to Intubation 510 Procedure in Critically Ill Adult Patients A Multicenter Cohort Study Delayed Sequence 513 Intubation A Prospective Observational Study Preoxygenation Reoxygenation


id: cord-311829-pkcugj56
type: GGP
entity:
  Sherraden s 2013 financial capability framework financial confidence and savings account ownership that


id: cord-311829-pkcugj56
type: GGP
entity:
  Sherraden s 2013 model Our findings can help guide financial educators and counselors and policy makers


id: cord-348614-im7qtr9k
type: ORG
entity:
  Trauma Surgery International Association for Trauma Surgery and Intensive Care American College of Surgeons


id: cord-348614-im7qtr9k
type: ORG
entity:
  the spanish association of surgeons American Association for the Surgery of Trauma COVID 19 Resources Consensus


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: CELL_TYPE
entity:
  malignant hemangiosarcoma lymphoma mast cell tumor malignant fibrous histiocytoma leiomyosarcoma fibrosarcoma


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: GGP
entity:
  blockers e g propranolol Cardiac glycosides e g digoxin Urethral obstruction Ruptured bladder Anuric


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: GGP
entity:
  Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors e g enalapril Angiotensin receptor blockers e g losartan Cyclosporine


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: GGP
entity:
  steroids e g prednisolone methylprednisolone sodium succinate triamcinolone Depending on the severity of the patient s condition consider monitoring using the Rule of Twenty Administer antiemetics and gastroprotectant drugs to treat nausea vomiting and hematemesis Give the patient broad spectrum antibiotics ampicillin


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: GGP
entity:
  allethrin decamethrin tralomethrin fenpropanthrin pallethrin sumethrin permethrin tetramethrin cyfluthrin


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: GGP
entity:
  warfarin 0 06 0 09 mg kg day Monitoring therapy based on prothrombin time and the international normalized ratio INR 2 0 4 0


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Treatment Treatment of onion chive and garlic toxicity includes administration of intravenous fluid diuresis and induction of


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: DISEASE
entity:
  pyometra gastrointestinal obstruction intraluminal gastrointestinal foreign body dilated bile duct or gallbladder mucocele


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: DISEASE
entity:
  hypotension shock coagulopathies lethargy weakness muscle fasciculations lymphangitis rhabdomyolysis


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: DISEASE
entity:
  concomitant ligamentous or neurologic compromise Box 1 41 Immediately after the initial primary survey of a patient perform a more thorough examination including an orthopedic examination Multiple injuries


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  NaCl 2 5 dextrose 150 200 5 0 45 NaCl 2 5 dextrose 100 150 5 0 45 NaCl 2 5 dextrose 100 0 0 45 NaCl 5 dextrose


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: DISEASE
entity:
  tremors nervousness polyphagia ataxia tachycardia muscle twitching incoordination visual disturbances


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: DISEASE
entity:
  vomiting ataxia hypersalivation agitation tremors hyperactivity hyperthermia hypoventilation coma seizures


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: DISEASE
entity:
  primary pulmonary parenchymal disease airway disease thoracic cage disorders congestive heart failure


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: DISEASE
entity:
  infectious peritonitis congestive heart failure chylothorax heartworm disease hemothorax hypoalbuminemia lung lobe torsions neoplasia diaphragmatic hernia


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Antihistamines loratadine diphenhydramine doxylamine clemastine meclizine dimenhydrinate chlorpheniramine cyclizine terfenadine hydroxyzine


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
type: DISEASE
entity:
  pleural hemorrhage gastrointestinal hemorrhage pericardial hemorrhage hematuria retroperitoneal hemorrhage hemarthrosis


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  ROTEM parameters activated protein C aPC thrombomodulin endothelial protein C receptor thrombin antithrombin complex TAT plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 PAI 1


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: DNA
entity:
  Kirov Military Medical Academy War Surgery Department The Combat Trauma Registry includes 5581 Russian wounded


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: GGP
entity:
  Psychopathy b 0 177 p 0 034 Conclusions This study provides evidence for future knife carrying prevention interventions such as talks in schools or social media videos to focus more on how to increase self esteem stimulate empathy for and better


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: GGP
entity:
  aPC thrombomodulin endothelial protein C receptor thrombin antithrombin complex TAT plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 PAI 1


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: GGP
entity:
  Processes A Case Report Case history Clinical findings and Diagnosis 17 year old male low speed motorcycle crash with subsequent polytrauma He presented with right shoulder pain swelling and pain to the touch Articular CT revealed a type I fracture of the coracoid base type III acromion fracture and scapular body


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: ORG
entity:
  Oslo University Hospital Department of Traumatology Oslo Norway 3 Oslo University Hospital Trauma Registry


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: LAW
entity:
  Exploration of the middle finger reviled heavy contamination and comminution of the phalanx with injury to one


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: ORG
entity:
  Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine SUITA Japan


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: ORG
entity:
  Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Environmental and Population Science SUITA Japan Introduction


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: ORG
entity:
  Medical University Graz Graz Austria 4 AUVA Unfallkrankenhaus Graz Austria 5 Medical University Graz Orthopaedics


id: cord-022633-fr55uod6
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  interleukin 6 IL 6 C reactive protein CRP tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF alpha vascular cell adhesion molecule VCAM E selectin lipoprotein


id: cord-022633-fr55uod6
type: GGP
entity:
  kappa 0 85 p 0 001 Conclusion Central and local adjudication resulted in significantly different rates of AMI and ACS


id: cord-022633-fr55uod6
type: GGP
entity:
  MAP p 0 01 but not in HR p 0 34 There was a significant difference p 0 023 in time to peak MAP in the ILE


id: cord-022633-fr55uod6
type: GGP
entity:
  Hospital 1 1 01 12 31 06 Brigham and Women s Hospital 1 1 01 12 31 06 Children s Hospital Boston 1 1 01 12 31 06 Hasbro Children s Hospital 1 1 04 12 31 09 We reviewed the medical records of all


id: cord-022633-fr55uod6
type: ORG
entity:
  the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 2 Cooper University Hospital Camden NJ Background Patients


id: cord-022633-fr55uod6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial of Vacant Lot Greening to Reduce Crime and Increase Perceptions of Safety Eugenia C


id: cord-022633-fr55uod6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Screening for Violence Identifies Young Adults at Risk for Return ED Visits for Injury Abigail Hankin Wei Brittany Meagley Debra Houry Emory University Atlanta GA Background Homicide


id: cord-022633-fr55uod6
type: ORG
entity:
  Impact of Emergency Physician Board Certification on Patient Perceptions of ED Care Quality Albert G Sledge


id: cord-022633-fr55uod6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Use of Ultrasound to Evaluate Traumatic Optic Neuropathy Benjamin Burt Lisa Montgomery Cynthia Garza Meissner Sanja


id: cord-022633-fr55uod6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Adverse Effects Following Prehospital Use Of Ketamine By Paramedics Eric Ardeel Baylor College of Medicine


id: cord-022633-fr55uod6
type: DISEASE
entity:
  cardiopulmonary adverse event RR 1 08 95 CI 0 68 1 69 within 30 days The table tabulates interventions


# url

id: cord-033328-ny011lj3
domain: read.oecd-ilibrary.org
url:
  http://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=128_128287-5agkkojaaa&title=The-territorial-impact-of-covid-19managing-the-crisis-across-levels-of-government>


id: cord-332110-6fmc5mbs
domain: www.warc.com
url:
  http://www.warc.com/newsandopinion/opinion/why-stockpiling-is-not-the-crazy-selfish-behaviour-that-it-seems/3483


id: cord-332110-6fmc5mbs
domain: www.citylab.com
url:
  http://www.citylab.com/equity/2020/04/coronavirus-spread-map-city-urban-density-suburbs-rural-data/609394/


id: cord-332110-6fmc5mbs
domain: www.gov.uk
url:
  http://www.gov.uk/government/news/covid-19-government-announces-moving-out-of-contain-phase-and-into-delay


id: cord-332110-6fmc5mbs
domain: yougov.co.uk
url:
  http://yougov.co.uk/topics/health/articles-reports/2020/05/11/brits-split-changes-coronavirus-lockdownmeasures


id: cord-332110-6fmc5mbs
domain: www.theguardian.com
url:
  http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/03/nhs-coronavirus-crisis-volunteers-frustrated-at-lack-of-tasks?CMP=Sha


# bib

id: cord-006818-2lclcf1x
title: Reproductive emergencies in camelids
author: Tibary, A.
date: 2008-06-02
txt: ./txt/cord-006818-2lclcf1x.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-006818-2lclcf1x.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103122/
doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.04.024
summary:
  The objective of the present paper is to review the most common reproductive emergencies in male, female, and neonatal camelids. Pregnant females may present with a variety of emergency clinical syndromes, ranging from severe colic, downer (lateral or sternal continuous recumbency), anorexia, diarrhea, depression, neurologic conditions, excessive straining, vaginal discharge, premature lactation, vulvar dilation, or vaginal prolapse. Difficulties encountered in transrectal evaluation for uterine torsion include physical limitations, particularly in alpacas (tight anal sphincter, narrow pelvis and size of the examiner''s hand and arm), as well as a lack of experience palpating late-pregnant camelids in a sternal position. Regarding obstetrical procedures, there are three major differences between camelids and ruminants: (1) the pelvic inlet is narrower; (2) the cervix and vaginal are more prone to laceration and severe inflammation (often leading to adhesions); (3) risks for neonatal hypoxia and death are increased by the forceful uterine and abdominal contractions and the rapid detachment of the microcotyledonary placenta.

abstract:
  Emergencies in theriogenology practice go beyond just saving the life of the patient, but also preserving its reproductive abilities. Camelid emergency medicine is a relatively new field. This paper discusses the most common reproductive emergencies, their diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in male and female camelids. The conclusions drawn are based primarily on clinical observations by the authors over the last 25 years. Special consideration is given to peculiarities of the species, particularly in the choice of obstetrical manipulations and therapies.


id: cord-007354-tn90igih
title: National Preparedness Month: opportunities for nurse engagement
author: nan
date: 2015-08-30
txt: ./txt/cord-007354-tn90igih.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-007354-tn90igih.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7111171/
doi: 10.1016/s0001-2092(15)00706-1
abstract: nan
summary:
  Nurses looking to become more actively involved in public health education should seek outreach opportunities in their communities. Emergency preparedness in medical facilities relies heavily on the commitment of health care workers to be properly trained and have ready access to the appropriate equipment and medical supplies. Whether preparing for a natural disaster, mass casualty event, or disease outbreak, health care workers should endeavor to keep their emergency response skills up-to-date. Nurses can also play a role in emergency preparedness on a global scale through travel and mission work. Nurses can play important roles in emergency preparedness in their community, at their facility, and globally. In emergency situations, prepared medical personnel and a well-educated public are important components to limit the extent of human injury or loss or spread of disease. Nurses are a frontline resource for educating the public because they are looked to for reliable information. MERS-CoV outbreak in Jeddah-a link to health care facilities


id: cord-009181-23w2r74p
title: You Shall Not Stand By
author: Burstein, Jonathan L.
date: 2007-04-21
txt: ./txt/cord-009181-23w2r74p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-009181-23w2r74p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7135870/
doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.01.001
abstract: nan
summary:
  The threat of pandemic influenza or other very-large-scale natural, accidental, or terrorist-caused disasters has challenged society to develop methods to provide large-scale, long-term health care surge capacity. As the authors note, for example, the federal government has established the Emergency System for Advance Registration of Volunteer Health Professionals. Under the Emergency System for Advance Registration of Volunteer Health Professionals, those not enrolled pre-event have no way to offer their services once a disaster strikes. For example, in a true pandemic, it is hard to imagine that a willing and knowledgeable person would be turned away, but that may occur if he or she did not sign up for the Emergency System for Advance Registration of Volunteer Health Professionals program, perhaps "years ago." We need to accept, plan for, and support the universal impulse of health care personnel to help.


id: cord-010477-g754gjvh
author: Carney, Kevin P.
date: 2020-02-27
txt: ./txt/cord-010477-g754gjvh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-010477-g754gjvh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7190261/
doi: 10.1097/pq9.0000000000000263
summary:
  Key process elements included (1) new Flow Nurse/EMT roles, (2) elimination of traditional registration and triage processes, (3) immediate "quick registration" and nurse assessment upon walk-in, (4) direct-bedding of patients, and (5) a novel "Intake" system staffed by a pediatric emergency medicine physician. CONCLUSIONS: Using quality improvement and Lean methodology, an inter-professional team decreased door-to-provider times and LWBS rates in a large pediatric ED by redesigning its front-end processes and implementing a novel pediatric emergency medicine-led Intake system. Strategies employed to improve the front-end processes include the abolishment of traditional nurse-led triage, "split-flow" models that create separate patient streams depending on each individual''s particular care needs, direct-bedding of patients, and placing providers in triage. Using QI and Lean methodology, an inter-professional team in a large, tertiary-care pediatric ED designed and implemented a novel front-end system and significantly improved patient flow by decreasing door-to-provider times 49% and LWBS rates by over 50%.

title:
  A Front-end Redesign With Implementation of a Novel “Intake” System to Improve Patient Flow in a Pediatric Emergency Department

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: Children’s Hospital Colorado is an academic, tertiary-care Level 1 Trauma Center with an emergency department (ED) that treats >70,000 patients/year. Patient volumes continue to increase, leading to worsening wait times and left-without-being-seen (LWBS) rates. In 2015, the ED’s median door-to-provider time was 49 minutes [interquartile range (IQR) = 26–90], with a 3.2% LWBS rate. ED leadership, staff, and providers aimed to improve patient flow with specific goals to (1) decrease door-to-provider times to a median of <30 minutes and (2) decrease annual LWBS rate to <1%. METHODS: An inter-professional team utilized quality improvement and Lean methodology to study, redesign, and implement significant changes to ED front-end processes. Key process elements included (1) new Flow Nurse/EMT roles, (2) elimination of traditional registration and triage processes, (3) immediate “quick registration” and nurse assessment upon walk-in, (4) direct-bedding of patients, and (5) a novel “Intake” system staffed by a pediatric emergency medicine physician. RESULTS: In the 12 months following full implementation of the new front-end system, the median door-to-provider time decreased 49% to 25 minutes (IQR = 13–50), and the LWBS rate decreased from 3.2% to 1.4% (a 56% relative decrease). Additionally, the percentage of patients seen within 30 minutes of arrival increased, overall ED length-of-stay decreased, patient satisfaction improved, and no worsening of the unexpected 72-hour return rate occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Using quality improvement and Lean methodology, an inter-professional team decreased door-to-provider times and LWBS rates in a large pediatric ED by redesigning its front-end processes and implementing a novel pediatric emergency medicine-led Intake system.


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
title: ECTES Abstracts 2020
author: nan
date: 2020-05-11
txt: ./txt/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223217/
doi: 10.1007/s00068-020-01343-y
abstract: nan
summary:
  We hypothesized that presentation to a PTC would yield increased mortality when subspecialty intervention was required and that this would be most pronounced at night when in-house attending coverage is absent at all state PTCs. Materials and methods: A review of the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study (PTOS) database was performed to capture patients aged 12-18 who underwent any non-orthopedic trauma surgery. Traumatic subaxial cervical fractures: functional prognostic factors and survival analysis Introduction: The main goal of this study is to identify the risk factors for poor functional outcomes and to analyze the overall survival (OS) and complications rate in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) and subaxial cervical fracture (SACF) treated with open surgical fixation. After applying a multiple imputation on all the study variables, a logistic regression generalized estimating equation after adjustment for age, sex, mechanism of trauma, and the injury severity score as covariates and hospitals as a cluster assessed an association between quartile of patient volume in intensive care unit and hospital mortality.


id: cord-011971-h78639ld
author: Wood, D. Brian
date: 2020-07-03
txt: ./txt/cord-011971-h78639ld.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011971-h78639ld.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7390555/
doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.5.46762
summary:
  title: Conference Didactic Planning and Structure: An Evidence-based Guide to Best Practices from the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors This paper offers expert guidelines for didactic instruction from members of the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors Best Practices Subcommittee, based on best available evidence. Authors also recommend following the Model of Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine when developing content, while incorporating sessions dedicated to morbidity and mortality, research methodology, journal article review, administration, wellness, and professionalism. 30, 31 To date, there are no objective data evaluating training level-specific didactics on learning outcomes; however, faculty and residents have been shown to view this targeted instruction positively. 66 This has been demonstrated to be an effective educational model that is positively viewed by trainees and can improve access and attendance at didactic offerings for both residents and faculty.

title:
  Conference Didactic Planning and Structure: An Evidence-based Guide to Best Practices from the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors

abstract:
  Emergency medicine residency programs around the country develop didactic conferences to prepare residents for board exams and independent practice. To our knowledge, there is not currently an evidence-based set of guidelines for programs to follow to ensure maximal benefit of didactics for learners. This paper offers expert guidelines for didactic instruction from members of the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors Best Practices Subcommittee, based on best available evidence. Programs can use these recommendations to further optimize their resident conference structure and content. Recommendations in this manuscript include best practices in formatting didactics, selection of facilitators and instructors, and duration of individual sessions. Authors also recommend following the Model of Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine when developing content, while incorporating sessions dedicated to morbidity and mortality, research methodology, journal article review, administration, wellness, and professionalism.


id: cord-014581-pj4iv6wp
title: National Preparedness Month — September 2017
author: nan
date: 2017-09-15
txt: ./txt/cord-014581-pj4iv6wp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-014581-pj4iv6wp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5657913/
doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6636a1
abstract: nan
summary:
  authors: nan Every September, CDC, private and public health institutions, and approximately 3,000 government organizations support preparedness efforts and encourage Americans to take action before, during, and after an emergency. Every community in the United States should be ready to respond to an infectious disease outbreak, chemical or radiological release, or natural disaster (1) . This year, CDC''s Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response focuses on empowering individuals to better prepare for public health emergencies. This issue of MMWR includes a report describing a series of unannounced mystery patient drills that were conducted in New York City emergency departments to assess response to potential infectious disease threats. CDC''s evolving approach to emergency response During December 2015-May 2016, a series of unannounced "mystery patient drills" was carried out to assess New York City Emergency Departments'' (EDs) abilities to identify and respond to patients with communicable diseases of public health concern.


id: cord-016840-p3sq99yg
author: Bales, Connie Watkins
date: 2008-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-016840-p3sq99yg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016840-p3sq99yg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121257/
doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-385-5_29
summary:
  Complex emergencies (CEs) can occur anywhere and are defined as crisis situations that greatly elevate the risk to nutrition and overall health (morbidity and mortality) of older individuals in the affected area. The major underlying threats to nutritional status for older adults during CEs are food insecurity, inadequate social support, and lack of access to health services. Any of a number of crisis situations that greatly elevate the health risk of individuals in the affected area; examples are natural disasters like floods and earthquakes; urban health emergencies like fires, epidemics, and blackouts; and terrorist acts like massive bombings or poisonings of food or water supplies. Examples include natural disasters like floods and earthquakes, urban health emergencies like fires, epidemics and blackouts, and terrorist acts like massive bombings or poisonings of food or water supplies (see Table 29 .2).

title:
  Minimizing the Impact of Complex Emergencies on Nutrition and Geriatric Health: Planning for Prevention is Key

abstract:
  Complex emergencies (CEs) can occur anywhere and are defined as crisis situations that greatly elevate the risk to nutrition and overall health (morbidity and mortality) of older individuals in the affected area. In urban areas with high population densities and heavy reliance on power-driven devices for day-to-day survival, CEs can precipitate a rapid deterioration of basic services that threatens nutritionally and medically vulnerable older adults. The major underlying threats to nutritional status for older adults during CEs are food insecurity, inadequate social support, and lack of access to health services. The most effective strategy for coping with CEs is to have detailed, individualized pre-event preparations. When a CE occurs, the immediate relief efforts focus on establishing access to food, safe water, and essential medical services.


id: cord-020342-u8jzmloq
title: Index to volume 42, January–June 2003()
author: nan
date: 2003-11-20
txt: ./txt/cord-020342-u8jzmloq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-020342-u8jzmloq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7135002/
doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(03)01106-5
abstract: nan
summary:
  Impact on hospital resources of patients with severe congestive heart failure who use the emergency department for primary care Antiemetic therapy in US emergency departments: findings from the year 2000 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey database Elevated blood lead levels associated with the consumption of moonshine among emergency department patients in Bioimpedance monitoring changes therapy in dyspneic emergency department patients: the IMPACT trial Use of ischemia-modified albumin in emergency department risk stratification of chest pain is both clinically effective and cost-effective Mathematical model of the hypoventilating patient: implications for the emergency department Clinical characteristics of emergency department patients who rule in versus rule out for pulmonary embolism by computed tomography chest angiography and indirect lower extremity computed tomography venography Role of air bags in preventing motor vehicle crash-related serious injuries: perceptions among emergency department patients Eight-hour emergency department observation for blunt abdominal trauma patients with initially negative diagnostic studies


id: cord-022076-zpn2h9mt
title: The Role of Hospitals in Disaster
author: Chaffee, Mary W.
date: 2009-05-15
txt: ./txt/cord-022076-zpn2h9mt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022076-zpn2h9mt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152438/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-03253-7.50012-1
abstract: nan
summary:
  An effective hospital emergency management program guides the development and execution of activities that mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from incidents that disrupt the normal provision of care. • Imagine the unimaginable: When flood waters rise in a community, when a tornado touches down and demolishes an elementary school, when a disgruntled hospital employee opens fire with an automatic weapon in the emergency department, when a passing train derails and spills toxic chemicals, or when a wildfire closes in, it is too late to update an old plan, train staff to respond effectively, check phone numbers, and stock disaster supplies. A comprehensive hospital emergency management program must address a number of critical elements to adequately protect patients and staff and permit the facility to continue to operate. 18 Hospitals must plan for providing mental health services to disaster victims but must also consider the needs-acute and long-term-of the hospital staff who attempt to respond to an overwhelming event.


id: cord-022633-fr55uod6
title: SAEM Abstracts, Plenary Session
author: nan
date: 2012-04-26
txt: ./txt/cord-022633-fr55uod6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022633-fr55uod6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159364/
doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2012.01332.x
abstract: nan
summary:
  Staff satisfaction was evaluated through pre/ post-shift and study surveys; administrative data (physician initial assessment (PIA), length of stay (LOS), patients leaving without being seen (LWBS) and against medical advice [LAMA] ) were collected from an electronic, real-time ED information system. Communication Background: The link between extended shift lengths, sleepiness, and occupational injury or illness has been shown, in other health care populations, to be an important and preventable public health concern but heretofore has not been fully described in emergency medical services (EMS Objectives: To assess the effect of an ED-based computer screening and referral intervention for IPV victims and to determine what characteristics resulted in a positive change in their safety. Objectives: Using data from longitudinal surveys by the American Board of Emergency Medicine, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate if resident self-assessments of performance in required competencies improve over the course of graduate medical training and in the years following.


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
title: Participants – Multilateral Organizations and International Financial Institutions
author: Coppola, Damon P.
date: 2015-02-06
txt: ./txt/cord-022736-38q8jbcl.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022736-38q8jbcl.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161383/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801477-6.00010-1
summary:
  • Incorporating long-term risk reduction and preparedness measures in normal development planning and programs, including support for specific mitigation measures where required; • Assisting in the planning and implementation of post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction, including defining new development strategies that incorporate risk-reduction measures relevant to the affected area; • Reviewing the impact of large settlements of refugees or displaced persons on development, and seeking ways to incorporate the refugees and displaced persons in development strategies; • Providing technical assistance to the authorities managing major emergency assistance operations of extended duration (especially in relation to displaced persons and the possibilities for achieving durable solutions in such cases).

abstract:
  Multilateral organizations are composed of sovereign governments. They may be regional, organized around a common issue or function, or global. International financial institutions (IFIs) are international banks composed of sovereign member states that use public money from the Member States to provide technical and financial support for developing countries. The United Nations is the organization most involved in the mitigation of, preparedness for, response to, and recovery from disasters around the world. It is considered the best equipped to do so because of its strong relationships with most countries, especially the developing countries where assistance is most needed. When disasters strike, the UN is one of the first organizations to mobilize, and it remains in the affected countries during the recovery period for many years after. The Consolidated Appeal Process is one way the UN garners international support for relief and reconstruction. In many regions, governments have formed smaller international organizations, many of which address risk, as well. The IFIs provide nations with low capital reserves funding in the aftermath of disasters recovery reconstruction. The World Bank is regarded as one of the largest sources of development assistance.


id: cord-024981-yfuuirnw
title: Types of Disasters
author: Severin, Paul N.
date: 2020-05-14
txt: ./txt/cord-024981-yfuuirnw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-024981-yfuuirnw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7235629/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-43428-1_5
summary:
  The World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization define a disaster as "an event that occurs in most cases suddenly and unexpectedly, causing severe disturbances to people or objects affected by it, resulting in the loss of life and harm to the health of the population, the destruction or loss of community property, and/or severe damage to the environment. After the events of 9/11, much attention has been given to the possibility of another mass casualty act of terrorism, especially with weapons of mass destruction, that include chemical, biological, nuclear, radiological, and explosive devices (CBNRE), or other forms of violence such as active shooter incidents and mass shootings (Jacobson and Severin 2012) . Antidote therapy should be given as usual for nerve agents, including atropine, diazepam, and pralidoxime chloride (United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, National Library of Medicine 2019; United States Department of Health and Human Services, Chemical Hazards Emergency Medical Management (CHEMM) 2019).

abstract:
  Disasters are increasing around the world. Children are greatly impacted by both natural disasters (forces of nature) and man-made (intentional, accidental) disasters. Their unique anatomical, physiological, behavioral, developmental, and psychological vulnerabilities must be considered when planning and preparing for disasters. The nurse or health care provider (HCP) must be able to rapidly identify acutely ill children during a disaster. Whether it is during a natural or man-made event, the nurse or HCP must intervene effectively to improve survival and outcomes. It is extremely vital to understand the medical management of these children during disasters, especially the use of appropriate medical countermeasures such as medications, antidotes, supplies, and equipment.


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
title: Emergency Care
author: Ford, Richard B.
date: 2009-05-21
txt: ./txt/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7271342/
doi: 10.1016/b0-72-160138-3/50002-3
abstract: nan
summary:
  Fresh whole blood Coagulopathy with active hemorrhage (disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia; massive acute hemorrhage; no stored blood available) Stored whole blood Massive acute or ongoing hemorrhage; hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhage that is unresponsive to conventional crystalloid and colloid fluid therapy; unavailability of equipment required to prepare blood components Packed red blood cells Nonregenerative anemia, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, correction of anemia before surgery, acute or chronic blood loss Fresh frozen plasma Factor depletion associated with active hemorrhage (congenital: von Willebrand''s factor, hemophilia A, hemophilia B; acquired: vitamin K antagonist, rodenticide intoxication, DIC); acute or chronic hypoproteinemia (burns, wound exudates, body cavity effusion; hepatic, renal, or gastrointestinal loss); colostrum replacement in neonates Frozen plasma Acute plasma or protein loss; chronic hypoproteinemia; (contains stable colostrum replacement in neonates; hemophilia B and clotting factors) selected clotting factor deficiencies Platelet-rich plasma* Thrombocytopenia with active hemorrhage (immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, DIC); platelet function abnormality (congenital: thrombasthenia in Bassett hounds; acquired: NSAIDs, other drugs) Cryoprecipitate


id: cord-033328-ny011lj3
author: VESE, Donato
date: 2020-09-03
txt: ./txt/cord-033328-ny011lj3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-033328-ny011lj3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7542320/
doi: 10.1017/err.2020.82
summary:
  Specifically, the article argues that the administrative strategy for effectively implementing emergency risk regulation based on an adequate and correct risk assessment requires "power sharing" across the different levels of government with the participation of all of the institutional actors involved in the decision-making process: Government, Regions and local authorities. Specifically, the article argues that the administrative strategy for effectively implementing emergency risk regulation based on an adequate and correct risk assessment requires "power sharing" across the different levels of government with the participation of all of the institutional actors involved in the decision-making process: Government, Regions and local authorities. In particular, as I will claim in analysing the Italian policies (Sections IV.1.a and IV.1.b), the administrative strategy for effectively implementing emergency risk regulation in a pandemic requires power sharing across the different levels of government with the participation of all of the institutional actors involved in the decision-making process in order to adopt consistent measures based on the constant monitoring and updating of the nationwide epidemiological risk assessment.

title:
  Managing the Pandemic: The Italian Strategy for Fighting COVID-19 and the Challenge of Sharing Administrative Powers

abstract:
  This article analyses the administrative measures and, more specifically, the administrative strategy implemented in the immediacy of the emergency by the Italian government in order to determine whether it was effective in managing the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the country. In analysing the administrative strategy, the article emphasises the role that the current system of constitutional separation of powers plays in emergency management and how this system can impact health risk assessment. An explanation of the risk management system in Italian and European Union (EU) law is provided and the following key legal issues are addressed: (1) the notion and features of emergency risk regulation from a pandemic perspective, distinguishing between risk and emergency; (2) the potential and limits of the precautionary principle in EU law; and (3) the Italian constitutional scenario with respect to the main provisions regulating central government, regional and local powers. Specifically, this article argues that the administrative strategy for effectively implementing emergency risk regulation based on an adequate and correct risk assessment requires “power sharing” across the different levels of government with the participation of all of the institutional actors involved in the decision-making process: Government, Regions and local authorities. “And the flames of the tripods expired. And Darkness and Decay and the Red Death held illimitable dominion over all”. Edgar Allan Poe, The Mask of the Red Death, Complete Tales and Poems (New York, Vintage Books 1975) p 273


id: cord-103214-3lz33pj3
author: Kortuem, S. O.
date: 2020-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-103214-3lz33pj3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-103214-3lz33pj3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.07.20185819v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.09.07.20185819
summary:
  An essential strategic element was a very short-term restructuring of the Emergency Department with the objectives of reducing the number of cases within the clinic, detecting COVID-19 cases as sensitively as possible and separating the patient pathways at an early stage. After establishing a pre-triage with structured algorithms, all confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified before entering the clinic and assigned to an appropriate treatment pathway. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.07.20185819 doi: medRxiv preprint As of March 27, 2020, a specially developed algorithm for case detection was established, which, in addition to broader range of clinical criteria, focuses on the regionally observable epidemiological events in risk facilities, e. 7%) of the patients, neither direct contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases nor a stay in high-risk areas or facilities could be recorded at the time of pre-triage ( Figure 6 ). At this point, the Emergency Department has the key function of identifying those patients who need treatment with the hospital resources for medical reasons and referring other cases to the outpatient sector.

title:
  The Role of the Emergency Department in Protecting the Hospital as a Critical Infrastructure in the Corona Pandemic Strategies and Experiences of a Rural Sole Acute-Care Clinic

abstract:
  Background. The Klinikum Hochrhein is responsible as a regional sole provider for the acute and emergency medical treatment of more than 170.000 people. Against the background of the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 with expected high patient inflows and at the same time endangering one's own infrastructure due to intraclinical transmissions, the hospital management defined the maintenance of one's functionality as a priority protection objective in the pandemic. An essential strategic element was a very short-term restructuring of the Emergency Department with the objectives of reducing the number of cases within the clinic, detecting COVID-19 cases as sensitively as possible and separating the patient pathways at an early stage. Methods. The present work is a retrospective analysis of the processes and structures established in the Emergency Department between 27 March 2020 and 20 May 2020. In addition, a retrospective descriptive evaluation of the epidemiological and clinical data of the patients is carried out at the time of first contact during the period mentioned above. Results. After establishing a pre-triage with structured algorithms, all confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified before entering the clinic and assigned to an appropriate treatment pathway. Unprotected entry into hospital structures or nosocomial infections were not observed, although almost 35% of patients with confirmed infection were admitted due to other symptom complexes or injuries. 201 inpatient patients were initially isolated without COVID-19 being confirmed. The number of cases in the Emergency Department was 39% lower than the previous year's period, thus avoiding crowding. Discussion. The reduction in the number of cases was strategically intended and is primarily the result of a restrictive indication of in-clinical treatment but supported by a decline in emergency consultations that can be noticed anyway. The proportion of false positive triage results is probably dependent on epidemiological activity and was accepted for safety reasons as sufficient resources were available for isolation. Conclusion. Short-term organizational, spatial and procedural restructuring of the ZNA has enabled the clinic to achieve its goal of managing the pandemic. The algorithms we developed are particularly well suited to guarantee the desired level of safety in the case of a high pre-test probability.


id: cord-257680-ds1y3ks9
author: Schiller, Marcus
date: 2020-10-02
txt: ./txt/cord-257680-ds1y3ks9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-257680-ds1y3ks9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-020-00427-4
doi: 10.1186/s42269-020-00427-4
summary:
  BACKGROUND: The study presented here systematically examines the potential involvement of dental, oral and maxillofacial centres (ZMK) in the management of pandemia or in large-scale emergencies. Taking into account previous studies, the aim of this study was thus to systematically investigate the current rate and potential increase in integration of dental medical centres at university hospitals in the emergency response plan of the hospital as a whole. Previous contingency plans for a mass casualty scenario had foreseen the fire service, Germany''s Federal Disaster Relief Agency (THW) and the Red Cross setting up and operating treatment stations at the outpatient clinic of the MHH to support the hospital. On average, the dental medical centres feature a total of 82.5 dental treatment units and 4.9 surgical rooms, which fall into the categories of minor surgery rooms, emergency operating theatres and operating theatres.

title:
  Management of pandemic or large-scale emergencies in Germany with a focus on the current and potential role of university schools of dentistry: Can it help in COVID-19 time?

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The study presented here systematically examines the potential involvement of dental, oral and maxillofacial centres (ZMK) in the management of pandemia or in large-scale emergencies. It looks at available material and infrastructural resources and how they can be brought to bear in such incidents or situations. The aim was to gain an initial scientific overview of how ZMK can potentially contribute to the handling of a pandemia or mass casualty (MASCAL) situation in terms of available resources as well as their location within the hospital as a whole and their integration into the existing infrastructure. The study was conducted on the basis of a questionnaire consisting of 70 individual questions, which was sent to all universities in Germany that offer a course of study in dental medicine. The responses were then statistically evaluated. RESULTS: The study outlines the current status of ZMK and discusses what could be an important component of emergency medical care in the overall hospital context. CONCLUSION: The involvement of ZMK—with their own resources and existing infrastructural links to the hospital as a whole—could lead to faster and more effective patient treatment in the event of a pandemic or MASCAL situation.


id: cord-265633-s3kbdxdu
title: Emergency management and internal audit of emergency preparedness of pre-hospital emergency care
author: Tušer, Irena
date: 2020-10-01
txt: ./txt/cord-265633-s3kbdxdu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-265633-s3kbdxdu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-020-01039-w
doi: 10.1007/s11135-020-01039-w
summary:
  The resolution of mass-casualty incidents demands of medical personnel not merely a change of attitudes, approaches and thinking and targeted lifelong education in the area of catastrophe medicine, but also the need to increase the standard of emergency preparedness in individual segments (Šín et al. The number of training exercises implemented is one of the factors that influences the state of preparedness of the emergency medical service, though the qualification, competence and level of engagement of all persons contributing to the handling of mass-casualty incidents and the quality of crisis planning documentation is a no less important factor (Šín et al. In the first direction the preparedness of the emergency medical service is assessed in individual segments of its activity following mass-casualty incidents (Tušer and Navrátil 2020; Svarcova et al. The methodological procedure described here can also be used in internal audits performed by emergency managers, who can thus assess for themselves the fulfilment of preparedness criteria for mass casualty incidents.

abstract:
  One of the negative components of international travel is the higher likelihood of emergencies that affect a large number of people (mass negative impact on health), for example the transmission of infectious diseases, as e.g. SARS CoV-2 pandemic. The frequency and sources of mass-casualty incidents are currently changing dynamically, especially with the onset of terrorist attacks and large-scale natural disasters. Health services and emergency medical service (EMS) take part in addressing these emergencies. For this reason, this paper deals with the EMS emergency preparedness in the Czech Republic for an emergency events with a large number of affected people. EMS in the Czech Republic are not provided by the state but by individual regions. EMS in the Czech Republic do not have central management, nor do they use uniform data documentation. The investigation of the current situation has shown that the attitudes of EMS in individual regions of the Czech Republic to the tasks of emergency preparedness for mass casualty incidents are not identical. The current method of evaluating improvements in the quality of EMS emergency preparedness lacks consistency and is not comprehensively supervised. To tackle this, the paper presents an internal audit methodology for assessing the level of emergency preparedness of the emergency medical services. The authors therefore defined the decisive criteria and indicators assessing the quality level of EMS emergency preparedness at major disaster with multiple victim incident. When developing the methodological procedure of the preparedness evaluation, an algorithm was chosen, based on the gradual verification of the evaluation criteria and indicators by an expert group. Some findings and recommendations based on a research carried out in EMS in individual regions of the Czech Republic are presented.


id: cord-278083-ut2ssdbz
author: Li, Juan
date: 2020-10-02
txt: ./txt/cord-278083-ut2ssdbz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-278083-ut2ssdbz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-020-00896-z
doi: 10.1186/s12199-020-00896-z
summary:
  title: A comparative study of international and Chinese public health emergency management from the perspective of knowledge domains mapping Figure 7 shows that the top 10 keywords ranked by citation count for the international database were public health (297), preparedness (215), emergency preparedness ( preparedness and monitoring for public health events, while Chinese research mainly focuses on analysis and disposition (Additional file 1: Table S5, Table S6 , and Figure S3 ). To further explain the above research hotspots, the top 8 cited articles are shown in Tables 2 and 3 article Elevated blood lead levels in children associated with the flint drinking water crisis: a spatial analysis of risk and public health response was the most cited (372) international article [43] followed by The 2006 California Heat Wave: Impacts on Hospitalizations and Emergency department visits [44] .

title:
  A comparative study of international and Chinese public health emergency management from the perspective of knowledge domains mapping

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: At the end of 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severely damaged and endangered people’s lives. The public health emergency management system in China has played an essential role in handling the response to the outbreak, which has been appreciated by the World Health Organization and some countries. Hence, it is necessary to conduct an overall analysis of the development of the health emergency management system in China. This can provide a reference for scholars to aid in understanding the current situation and to reveal new research topics. METHODS: We collected 2247 international articles from the Web of Science database and 959 Chinese articles from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database. Bibliometric and mapping knowledge domain analysis methods were used in this study for temporal distribution analysis, cooperation network analysis, and co-word network analysis. RESULTS: The first international article in this field was published in 1991, while the first Chinese article was published in 2005. The research institutions producing these studies mainly existed in universities and health organizations. Developed countries and European countries published the most articles overall, while eastern China published the most articles within China. There were 52 burst words for international articles published from 1999–2018 and 18 burst words for Chinese articles published from 2003–2018. International top-ranked articles according to the number of citations appeared in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2014, 2015, and 2016, while the corresponding Chinese articles appeared in 2003, 2004, 2009, and 2011. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in the regional and economic distribution of international and Chinese cooperation networks. International research is often related to timely issues mainly by focusing on emergency preparedness and monitoring of public health events, while China has focused on public health emergencies and their disposition. International research began on terrorism and bioterrorism, followed by disaster planning and emergency preparedness, epidemics, and infectious diseases. China considered severe acute respiratory syndrome as the starting research background and the legal system construction as the research starting point, which was followed by the mechanism, structure, system, and training abroad for public health emergency management.


id: cord-280983-95574k6h
title: A survey on infection control in emergency departments in Japan
author: Kudo, Daisuke
date: 2018-07-30
txt: ./txt/cord-280983-95574k6h.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-280983-95574k6h.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ams2.360
doi: 10.1002/ams2.360
summary:
  METHODS: A total of 517 hospitals certified as educational institutions for board‐certified acute care physicians in Japan were requested between March and May 2015 to provide a written evaluation of the infection control in the emergency department. Among 250 hospitals having emergency department manuals, 115 (46.0%) did not include contents regarding disinfection and sterilization for imaging examination rooms, and only 44 (17.6%) had criteria for contacting the emergency medical service when patients are suspected of, or diagnosed with, communicable diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM)-certified hospitals have infection control manuals for the emergency department, and to investigate manual contents, consulting systems, and isolation facilities. A total of 517 hospitals certified as educational institutions for board-certified acute care physicians in Japan (JAAM-certified hospitals) received a written request between March and May 2015 to provide written evaluation of infection control in the emergency department.

abstract:
  AIM: Infection control in the emergency department is important for hospital risk management; however, few clinical guidelines have been established. This study aimed to determine whether hospitals in Japan have infection control manuals, and investigate the contents of manuals, consulting systems, and isolation facilities for emergency departments. METHODS: A total of 517 hospitals certified as educational institutions for board‐certified acute care physicians in Japan were requested between March and May 2015 to provide a written evaluation of the infection control in the emergency department. RESULTS: A total of 51 of 303 (16.8%) hospitals had no manuals regarding infection control in the emergency department. Among 250 hospitals having emergency department manuals, 115 (46.0%) did not include contents regarding disinfection and sterilization for imaging examination rooms, and only 44 (17.6%) had criteria for contacting the emergency medical service when patients are suspected of, or diagnosed with, communicable diseases. Of the 303 hospitals, 277 (91.4%) prepared specific manuals for the 2009 pandemic influenza. Of the 303 hospitals, 80 (26.4%) did not prepare manuals for the Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa in 2014. Furthermore, 92 (30.4%) of the 303 hospitals did not have any negative‐pressure isolation rooms. CONCLUSIONS: Practices and guidelines necessary for infection control in the emergency department were not sufficiently covered in the hospitals studied. Education, information sharing, and a checklist for preparing manuals are needed to establish better infection control systems in emergency departments.


id: cord-283368-j2vjylum
title: Triage decision-making at the time of COVID-19 infection: the Piacenza strategy
author: Erika, Poggiali
date: 2020-05-09
txt: ./txt/cord-283368-j2vjylum.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-283368-j2vjylum.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32385627/
doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02350-y
abstract: nan
summary:
  Unfortunately, with the global and severe spread of COVID-19 and the dramatically increased number of infected patients in Piacenza, despite being a relatively small city, our hospital became one of the epicentres of the Italian epidemic with 2276 cases and 447 deaths at this moment. Data reported in the literature confirmed that lung US gives results like chest CT scan and superior to chest X-ray in patients with According to the current appraisal of the WHO, we strongly believe that preventive measures and early diagnosis of COVID-19 are crucial to interrupt virus spread and avoid local outbreaks. Our experience demonstrates that in the epidemic phase of COVID-19, diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia is a real challenge for emergency physicians and point-of-care lung US can help us to early detect pulmonary and pleural findings in patients without respiratory symptoms and/or fever.


id: cord-284454-malfatni
title: Caring for Patients From a School Shooting: A Qualitative Case Series in Emergency Nursing
author: McCall, W. Travis
date: 2020-08-19
txt: ./txt/cord-284454-malfatni.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-284454-malfatni.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32828487/
doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.06.005
summary:
  [5] [6] [7] [8] Therefore, providing care to patients who are injured during school-associated shooting events is likely to be particularly stressful for emergency nurses. The purpose of this study was to learn how emergency nurses describe their experiences to identify themes and findings that may translate to practices for improving the mental health and wellness of emergency nurses who care for patients from a multicasualty, school-associated shooting incident. Another participant predicted that community or critical access emergency departments receiving patients from a multicasualty school shooting event may experience even greater emotional challenges because these departments are more likely to have staff who may personally know the victims or their families. Learning from emergency nurses who care for patients from a multicasualty, school-associated shooting event may promote personal and departmental preparedness and improve coping and recovery among the involved clinicians.

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: Emergency nurses are at risk for secondary traumatic stress, compassion fatigue, and burnout as a result of witnessing the trauma and suffering of patients. The traumatic events perceived as being most stressful for emergency nurses involve sudden death, children, and adolescents. Multicasualty, school-associated shooting events are, therefore, likely to affect emergency nurses, and recent reports indicate an increase in multicasualty, school-associated shootings. This research is necessary to learn of emergency nurses’ experiences of caring for patients from a school shooting event in an effort to benefit future preparedness, response, and recovery. This manuscript describes these experiences and provides opportunities for nurses, peers, and leaders to promote mental health and resilience among emergency nurses who may provide care to patients after such events. METHODS: A qualitative case series approach, a theory of secondary traumatic stress, and the compassion fatigue resilience model guided the research. The emergency nurses who provided care to patients who were injured during a 2018 multicasualty, school-associated shooting in the Southeastern United States were invited to participate. RESULTS: The themes identified by this research with 7 participants were preparation and preparedness, coping and support mechanisms, and reflections and closure. DISCUSSION: The results identified through this research may be translated to policies and practice to improve emergency nurses’ welfare, coping, resilience, and retention. Patient outcomes may also be improved through planning and preparedness.


id: cord-300080-l0fyxtva
author: Venkat, Arvind
date: 2015-03-10
txt: ./txt/cord-300080-l0fyxtva.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-300080-l0fyxtva.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25770003/
doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2015.01.012
summary:
  With the presentation of patients with Ebola to US acute care facilities, ethical questions have been raised in both the press and medical literature as to how US emergency departments, emergency physicians, emergency nurses and other stakeholders in the healthcare system should approach the current epidemic and its potential for spread in the domestic environment. With the presentation of patients with Ebola to US acute care facilities, ethical questions have been raised in both the press and medical literature as to how US emergency departments, emergency physicians, emergency nurses and other stakeholders in the healthcare system should approach the current epidemic and its potential for spread in the domestic environment. WHAT 41 It is anticipated that patients with a confirmed EVD diagnosis will be transferred to these hospitals which will have enough PPE and other treatment requirements (isolation rooms, dedicated equipment and designated physicians, nurses and other necessary health care professionals and staff with proper training under CDC guidelines) to manage patients for at least 7 days, after which governmental agencies would assist in acquiring more supplies and expertise if needed.

title:
  Ethical Issues in the Response to Ebola Virus Disease in US Emergency Departments: A Position Paper of the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Emergency Nurses Association and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

abstract:
  The 2014 outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa has presented a significant public health crisis to the international health community and challenged US emergency departments to prepare for patients with a disease of exceeding rarity in developed nations. With the presentation of patients with Ebola to US acute care facilities, ethical questions have been raised in both the press and medical literature as to how US emergency departments, emergency physicians, emergency nurses and other stakeholders in the healthcare system should approach the current epidemic and its potential for spread in the domestic environment. To address these concerns, the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Emergency Nurses Association and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine developed this joint position paper to provide guidance to US emergency physicians, emergency nurses and other stakeholders in the healthcare system on how to approach the ethical dilemmas posed by the outbreak of EVD. This paper will address areas of immediate and potential ethical concern to US emergency departments in how they approach preparation for and management of potential patients with EVD.


id: cord-303861-qn8yifcd
author: Wang, Chongjian
date: 2008-05-31
txt: ./txt/cord-303861-qn8yifcd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-303861-qn8yifcd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350607002776
doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.08.006
summary:
  Conclusions The emergency preparedness training programme met its aims and objectives satisfactorily, and resulted in positive shifts in knowledge and attitudinal/behavioural intentions for public health staff. Although the Chinese Government has already carried out a series of emergency education and training programmes to improve public health staff''s capability of emergency preparedness, it remains unclear if these training programmes are effective and feasible. Although the Chinese Government has already carried out a series of emergency education and training programmes to improve public health staff''s capability of emergency preparedness, it remains unclear if these training programmes are effective and feasible. Recognizing this, the Chinese Government carried out a series of emergency preparedness education and training programmes to improve the capability of public health staff to respond to emergencies nationwide. The results of the evaluation suggested that the emergency training strategy was effective and feasible in improving the capability of public health staff to respond to an emergency.

title:
  Evaluating the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training programme for public health staff in China

abstract:
  Summary Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crisis of 2003 provided a new urgency in China in terms of preparing public health staff to respond effectively to public health emergencies. Although the Chinese Government has already carried out a series of emergency education and training programmes to improve public health staff's capability of emergency preparedness, it remains unclear if these training programmes are effective and feasible. The purpose of this research was to evaluate an emergency preparedness training programme and to develop a participatory training approach for emergency response. Methods Seventy-six public health staff completed the emergency preparedness training programme. The effectiveness of the training was evaluated by questionnaire before training, immediately after training and 12 months after training (follow-up). Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted throughout the training period. Results The emergency preparedness training improved the knowledge levels and increased attitudinal and behavioural intention scores for emergency preparedness (P<0.01). The results at follow-up showed that the knowledge levels and attitudinal/behavioural intention scores of participants decreased slightly (P>0.05) compared with levels immediately after training (P<0.01). However, there was a significant increase compared with before training (P<0.01). Moreover, more than 80% of participants reported that the training process and resources were scientific and feasible. Conclusions The emergency preparedness training programme met its aims and objectives satisfactorily, and resulted in positive shifts in knowledge and attitudinal/behavioural intentions for public health staff. This suggests that this emergency training strategy was effective and feasible in improving the capability of emergency preparedness.


id: cord-311829-pkcugj56
title: Why Do Households Lack Emergency Savings? The Role of Financial Capability
author: Despard, Mathieu R.
date: 2020-05-19
txt: ./txt/cord-311829-pkcugj56.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-311829-pkcugj56.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837139/
doi: 10.1007/s10834-020-09679-8
summary:
  Guided by Sherraden (2013) model of financial capability, we expand on prior research that examines the role of financial knowledge by incorporating additional factors and testing income interactions to explain a greater proportion of variance concerning whether or not households have money set aside for emergencies. Concerning having an emergency fund, Sherraden''s (2013) model might posit that individuals need to understand the importance of saving for emergencies (financial knowledge), have budgeting and financial planning skills to ensure income can exceed expenses at least periodically to enable deposits (financial skills), and easy access to affordable savings accounts to enable asset accumulation. Three of the four financial capability constructs-subjective financial knowledge, financial confidence, and savings account ownership-are stable and statistically significant predictors of having an emergency fund across all four study years and for all income levels.

abstract:
  Many U.S. households have insufficient savings to cope with income losses, expenditure shocks, and other financial emergencies, yet little research evidence explains why. Guided by Sherraden (2013) model of financial capability, we expand on prior research that examines the role of financial knowledge by incorporating additional factors and testing income interactions to explain a greater proportion of variance concerning whether or not households have money set aside for emergencies. We analyzed data from the 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2018 National Financial Capability Surveys and found that subjective financial knowledge, financial confidence, and savings account ownership, but not objective financial knowledge, were significant and consistent predictors of having an emergency fund. Savings account ownership was the strongest predictor, accounting for an increase in the probability of having an emergency fund of 25% to 29% across study years. Adding homeownership and ability to cover expenses to the models increased the proportion of variance explained by an average of 29%. Strategies to promote emergency savings should be multifaceted and include help from financial educators and counselors to create greater financial slack as well as programs and policies to increase access to short-term savings opportunities and incentives.


id: cord-313992-ogdqq3dl
author: Kortuem, S. O.
date: 2020-10-28
txt: ./txt/cord-313992-ogdqq3dl.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-313992-ogdqq3dl.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.27.20220558
doi: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20220558
summary:
  Since a drift of patients with the use of other service providers is unlikely, we assume that fears of infection in overburdened hospitals, one-sided public communication and reporting, and the extent of contact restrictions have contributed significantly to the decline in case numbers and to excess mortality (collateral damage). This paper investigates changes in the use of clinical and pre-clinical structures of emergency medical care as well as effects on overall mortality in a rural supply area during the first phase of the corona pandemic (9th to 22nd calendar week 2020). Nevertheless, the results suggest that, in our supply area, secondary pandemic mortality (collateral damage) with a quantifiable excess mortality rate of more than 16% compared to the average of previous years has occurred in connection with reduced use of emergency medical structures.

title:
  Corona-Independent Excess Mortality Due to Reduced Use of Emergency Medical Care in the Corona Pandemic: A Population-Based Observational Study

abstract:
  Background. A significant decrease in the number of cases of emergency medical care during the first phase of the Corona pandemic has been reported from various regions of the world. Due to the lack of or delayed use of medical assistance, particularly in the case of time-critical clinical pictures (myocardial infarction, stroke), a corona collateral damage syndrome is postulated regarding possible health consequences. The present study investigates changes in the use of preclinical and clinical emergency care and effects on overall mortality in a rural area. Methods. The number of patients in the emergency department at the Klinikum Hochrhein and the ambulance service were retrospectively aggregated and analyzed regarding the total number and selected tracer diagnoses and alarm keywords. The investigation period was the 9th to 22nd calendar week 2020 compared to the identical period of the previous year. In addition, the death rates in the district were collected directly from the registries and related to the number of patients in emergency care. Results. Overall, the number of patients in clinical and preclinical emergency care declined significantly during the investigation period. This concerned in particular emergency inpatient treatment of patients with exacerbations or complications of severe chronic diseases. At the same time, excess mortality occurred in April 2020, which was still highly significant even after excluding deaths on or with COVID-19. Discussion. Only about 55 % of the excess mortality in April 2020 can be attributed to COVID-19 and is associated with the decline in inpatient emergency treatment, especially of chronically ill patients. Since a drift of patients with the use of other service providers is unlikely, we assume that fears of infection in overburdened hospitals, one-sided public communication and reporting, and the extent of contact restrictions have contributed significantly to the decline in case numbers and to excess mortality (collateral damage). Conclusion. For similar situations in the future, it is strongly recommended to make crisis communication and media coverage more balanced so as not to prevent people with acute health problems from receiving medical assistance. Contact restrictions should be critically reviewed and limited to the objectively necessary minimum.


id: cord-316620-zfhfgwsm
title: Prehospital Emergency Care in Shanghai: Present and Future
author: Gui, Li
date: 2012-10-06
txt: ./txt/cord-316620-zfhfgwsm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-316620-zfhfgwsm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.02.067
doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.02.067
summary:
  Responses to major incidents including public health emergencies and natural disasters are also discussed, with the intention of highlighting future directions in emergency medical services, as well as the influence of international trends in emergency patient care. Discussion: Although Shanghai has the most advanced dispatch system in China (equipped with a Global Positioning System, Global Information System, and more) and can be expanded quickly in case of mass casualty incidents, there is, as yet, no uniform Emergency Medical Service (EMS) dispatching for the entire city. Discussion: Although Shanghai has the most advanced dispatch system in China (equipped with a Global Positioning System, Global Information System, and more) and can be expanded quickly in case of mass casualty incidents, there is, as yet, no uniform Emergency Medical Service (EMS) dispatching for the entire city.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: In Shanghai, prehospital emergency medical services are provided by the public Ambulance Services. The 60th anniversary of the local Ambulance Services is a good opportunity to provide an overview of the current trends in prehospital emergency medical care in Shanghai. OBJECTIVES: In this report, the features of Shanghai prehospital emergency medical care are described, as well as the Shanghai model of purely prehospital emergency medical care, including the communications and dispatch system, ambulance depots and ambulances, and prehospital rescue teams. Responses to major incidents including public health emergencies and natural disasters are also discussed, with the intention of highlighting future directions in emergency medical services, as well as the influence of international trends in emergency patient care. DISCUSSION: Although Shanghai has the most advanced dispatch system in China (equipped with a Global Positioning System, Global Information System, and more) and can be expanded quickly in case of mass casualty incidents, there is, as yet, no uniform Emergency Medical Service (EMS) dispatching for the entire city. Nor are there certifications, degrees, or special continuing education programs available for EMS dispatchers. Although there are more and more ambulance depots spread all over Shanghai, the city struggles with inadequate prehospital emergency caregivers, because every ambulance has to be staffed with a qualified Emergency Physician, and there are also recruitment problems for ambulance physicians. CONCLUSIONS: Although faced with many challenges, substantial progress is expected in Shanghai prehospital emergency care.


id: cord-317588-yxu8m55m
title: Emergency Care Systems: The Missing Link for Effective Treatment of COVID-19 in Africa
author: Calvello Hynes, Emilie J.
date: 2020-07-14
txt: ./txt/cord-317588-yxu8m55m.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-317588-yxu8m55m.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32660671/
doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.239
summary:
  This short letter reviews the key role emergency medicine plays in epidemic disease response and actions that ministries of health can take now to shore up gaps in emergency care capacity to avoid needless death and suffering of COVID-19 patients. 2 During the current pandemic, emergency departments have been highlighted as mission critical locations to screen for syndromic disease, isolate and protect patients and health care workers, triage, and provide immediate care for emergency conditions associated with COVID-19, such as respiratory failure and shock. While emergency care systems are necessary for a successful health sector response, they remain inadequately supported in low-and middle-income countries. 4 Targeted capacity augmentation for emergency departments is necessary now to avoid excess mortality from the expected surge in COVID-19 cases in Africa. Emergency care systems for universal health coverage: ensuring timely care for the acutely ill and injured

abstract:
  Cases of COVID-19 are rising quickly on the African continent. A critical element of any health system response to such a surge of active cases is the existence of functional emergency care systems. Yet, these systems are markedly underdeveloped in African countries. This short letter reviews the key role emergency medicine plays in epidemic disease response and actions that ministries of health can take now to shore up gaps in emergency care capacity to avoid needless death and suffering of COVID-19 patients.


id: cord-319859-6mt34av6
author: Zhou, Min
date: 2020-08-04
txt: ./txt/cord-319859-6mt34av6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-319859-6mt34av6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837736/
doi: 10.1002/nop2.580
summary:
  To seek efficient nursing training mode under the epidemic situation and improve the nurses'' knowledge reserve on emergency handling and control capabilities, a combination of on-site training and online training was implemented to provide COVID-19 related knowledge on nursing operation skills and hospital infections to the nursing team in a short term. Supported by research, the comparison between online and faceto-face training, well-designed online training shows more advantages in terms of time efficiency and memory effect (Kalyuga, 2007 ; TA B L E 5 Before and after training, the nursing staff improved the COVID-19 theory knowledge, operation skills and psychological conditions Kalyuga & Sweller, 2005) , which is consistent with the results of this study. Emergency training of nursing staff is crucial on preventing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic effectively and ensuring the operation of emergency isolation ward orderly.

title:
  Research on the individualized short‐term training model of nurses in emergency isolation wards during the outbreak of COVID‐19

abstract:
  AIM: To explore an effective personalized training model for nurses working in emergency isolation wards of COVID‐19 in a short period. DESIGN: This study is a longitudinal study from 24 January 2020 to 28 February 2020. METHODS: There are 71 nursing staff working in the emergency isolation wards of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital that participated in this study. The questionnaires were conducted with Likert scale. The operation assessment teachers have received standardized training. The self‐rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self‐rating depression Scale (SDS) were applied to assess the mental state of nurses. RESULTS: After short‐term training, these nurses can handle the emergency tasks in a timely manner. The pass rate of nurse theory and operation assessment is 100%. The 111 suspected patients admitted to the emergency isolation ward have been scientifically diagnosed and treated, the three confirmed patients have received appropriate treatment. No nurses have been infected. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the personalized emergency training mode was feasible in the emergency isolation ward during the COVID‐19 epidemic, which rapidly improved the rescue ability of nurses and effectively avoid the occurrence of cross‐infection. This mode can provide a valuable reference for the emergency training of nurses in the future.


id: cord-319890-t7tcvkd3
author: Liu, Yuchen
date: 2020-08-26
txt: ./txt/cord-319890-t7tcvkd3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-319890-t7tcvkd3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-020-00852-2
doi: 10.1186/s12893-020-00852-2
summary:
  METHODS: The data of patients with incarcerated hernia admitted to Beijing Chaoyang Hospital during NCP epidemic were analyzed and compared with those in 2019. However, the emergency treatment of incarcerated hernia was still in accordance with the emergency surgery [6] , and relevant admission process (Fig.1) and surgical protection management (Fig.2 ) measures were formulated in order to avoid nosocomial infection, while solving emergency surgery, protect the life and health of patients and medical staffs. During the epidemic period, all patients with incarcerated hernia had no nosocomial infection after being admitted to hospital for operation, and the treatment effect was positive. The protective process and therapeutic effect of emergency hernia operation during NCP epidemic in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital was reported. The increased waiting time for operation due to NCP screening did not threaten medical safety of emergency incarcerated hernia patients. The increased waiting time for operation due to NCP screening did not threaten medical safety of emergency incarcerated hernia patients.

title:
  Analysis of operation procedure and effect for emergency surgery in general hospital during novel coronavirus pneumonia period

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) outbreak in Wuhan, China in early 2020, resulted in over 80 thousand infections in China. At present, NCP has an explosive growth in the world. Surgeons could refuse selective operation during the outbreak, but they must face the emergency operation. We hope to avoid the spread of NCP while ensuring efficient treatment of emergency cases. METHODS: The data of patients with incarcerated hernia admitted to Beijing Chaoyang Hospital during NCP epidemic were analyzed and compared with those in 2019. All cases were divided into NCP group and 2019 group. The operation data and inpatient protection process of emergency cases were analyzed. Result During the NCP epidemic, 17 cases with incarcerated hernia were treated in our department. A Total of 263 cases of the same disease were admitted in 2019. There was no significant difference in age, gender, BMI and hernia type between two groups. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in operation method and hospital stay. The waiting time for emergency operation of NCP group was significantly longer than that of 2019 group (P = 0.002). A buffer ward was set up by administrator of hospital during NCP outbreak. Hospitals were divided into “Red area, Yellow area and Green area” artificially, and strict screening consultation system was implemented. There was no case of SARS-nCoV-2 infection in medical staff. CONCLUSION: It was safe and effective to carry out emergency operation on the premise of screening, protection and isolation during the NCP epidemic. The increased waiting time for operation due to NCP screening did not threaten medical safety of emergency incarcerated hernia patients.


id: cord-321740-5reldbrb
title: Emergency Medicine Manual, Sixth Edition
author: Werdehoff, Steven
date: 2004-09-21
txt: ./txt/cord-321740-5reldbrb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-321740-5reldbrb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196064404006754
doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.03.048
abstract: Unknown
summary:
  Emergency Medicine On Call is a notable addition to this series, the goal of its editor being ''''to provide the house officer and student with a valuable tool to initiate effective evaluation and care of the emergency patient.'''' One hundred twenty-five presenting complaints spanning pediatrics, adult medicine, geriatrics, trauma, and toxicology are presented in an easy-to-follow format. On some subjects, such as indications for a computed tomographic scan before lumbar puncture and the benefit of dexamethasone in meningitis for adults, the latest recommendations from robust clinical trials are deftly interwoven into the text. 1, 2 However, in the chapter on head injury, the text suggests computed tomography for isolated loss of consciousness despite a major clinical trial and an American College of Emergency Physicians clinical policy recommending more restrictive indications. As in all texts with multiple authors, there is some redundancy and some failure of clinically similar chapters to complement each other.


id: cord-322541-yzum868k
author: Moon, Suerie
date: 2015-11-23
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673615009460
doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00946-0
abstract: nan
title:
  Will Ebola change the game? Ten essential reforms before the next pandemic. The report of the Harvard-LSHTM Independent Panel on the Global Response to Ebola


id: cord-323334-ie7iklr4
title: Changes in emergency service access after spread of COVID19 across Italy
author: Tartari, F
date: 2020-04-27
txt: ./txt/cord-323334-ie7iklr4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-323334-ie7iklr4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16553
doi: 10.1111/jdv.16553
summary:
  At the time of writing, our Government has passed emergency laws (March 11, 2020) , with a view to preventing widespread viral infection among the population, which may well lead to an increase in the number of people requiring intensive care unit (ICU) hospital treatment. At the time of writing, our Government has passed emergency laws (March 11, 2020) , with a view to preventing widespread viral infection among the population, which may well lead to an increase in the number of people requiring intensive care unit (ICU) hospital treatment. In the pre-COVID-19 era, 106 patients accessed our emergency outpatients'' room, whereas just 20 cases were examined after the emergency decree law. The number of unjustified accesses was 60 in pre-COVID era, 46 patients showed "true" emergencies. Five patients turned up for an unjustified consultation, while 14 showed a "true" problem (4 diffuse rashes, 7 acute infections and 3 burns). All rights reserved Accepted Article

abstract:
  The Italian National Health System is currently living through some catastrophic days, owing to the rapid spread of COVID‐19 across the country. At the time of writing, our Government has passed emergency laws (March 11, 2020), with a view to preventing widespread viral infection among the population, which may well lead to an increase in the number of people requiring intensive care unit (ICU) hospital treatment. Currently, most of the northern Italian regions are close to saturation point in terms of the number of available ICU inpatient beds.


id: cord-331452-y5lhawqo
title: High-Risk Airway Management in the Emergency Department: Diseases and Approaches Part I
author: Lentz, Skyler
date: 2020-05-12
txt: ./txt/cord-331452-y5lhawqo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-331452-y5lhawqo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32563613/
doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.05.008
summary:
  Thus, emergency physicians must be ready to optimize and prepare for airway management in critically ill patients with a wide range of physiologic challenges. Objective This narrative review presents an evidence-based approach to airway and patient management during endotracheal intubation in challenging cases commonly encountered in the emergency department. Those with high risk features including severe metabolic acidosis; shock and hypotension; obstructive lung disease; pulmonary hypertension, right ventricle failure, and pulmonary embolism; and severe hypoxemia must be managed with airway expertise. 2-4 However, 28 emergency physicians must be able to prepare for and manage critically ill patients with a wide 29 range of physiologic challenges in the peri-intubation setting. Emergency clinicians are experts in airway management and routinely encounter critically ill 457 patients with pre-and post-intubation physiologic challenges associated with adverse events.

abstract:
  Abstract Background Successful airway management is critical to the practice of emergency medicine. Thus, emergency physicians must be ready to optimize and prepare for airway management in critically ill patients with a wide range of physiologic challenges. Challenges in airway management commonly encountered in the emergency department are discussed using a pearl and pitfall discussion in this first part of a two-part series. Objective This narrative review presents an evidence-based approach to airway and patient management during endotracheal intubation in challenging cases commonly encountered in the emergency department. Discussion Adverse events during emergent airway management are common with post-intubation cardiac arrest reported in as many as 1 in 25 intubations. Many of these adverse events can be avoided by proper identification and understanding the underlying physiology, preparation, and post intubation management. Those with high risk features including severe metabolic acidosis; shock and hypotension; obstructive lung disease; pulmonary hypertension, right ventricle failure, and pulmonary embolism; and severe hypoxemia must be managed with airway expertise. Conclusions This narrative review discusses the pearls and pitfalls of commonly encountered physiologic high-risk intubations with a focus on the emergency clinician.


id: cord-332110-6fmc5mbs
author: Drury, John
date: 2020-06-16
txt: ./txt/cord-332110-6fmc5mbs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-332110-6fmc5mbs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12393
doi: 10.1111/bjso.12393
summary:
  Examining the evidence in emergencies suggests three main reasons why there are avoidable fatalities: (1) under-reaction to threat, (2) systemic factors, and (3) mismanagement. We then examine how far they help us understand what has happened in the case of COVID-19 in the UK context, before discussing the real collective psychology of emergencies. Under-reaction, system, and mismanagement in the COVID-19 response in the United Kingdom Unlike fires, earthquakes, floods, and bombings, which tend to be short-term events which occur in one place, the effects of the current pandemic are dispersed in time and space. And when we examine some of the major problems in response and outcomes 9 in the COVID-19 crisis, prima facie our three-fold classification above fits better than explanations in terms of public selfishness, thoughtlessness, and over-reaction.

title:
  COVID‐19 in context: Why do people die in emergencies? It’s probably not because of collective psychology

abstract:
  Notions of psychological frailty have been at the forefront of debates around the public response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. In particular, there is the argument that collective selfishness, thoughtless behaviour, and over‐reaction would make the effects of COVID‐19 much worse. The same kinds of claims have been made in relation to other kinds of emergencies, such as fires, earthquakes, and sinking ships. We argue that in these cases as well as in the case of the COVID‐19 pandemic, other factors are better explanations for fatalities – namely under‐reaction to threat, systemic or structural factors, and mismanagement. Psychologizing disasters serves to distract from the real causes and thus from who might be held responsible. Far from being the problem, collective behaviour in emergencies – including the solidarity and cooperation so commonly witnessed among survivors – is the solution, one that should be harnessed more effectively in policy and practice.


id: cord-333209-f6xja3v2
title: Special Disaster Issue
author: Castner, Jessica
date: 2020-08-19
txt: ./txt/cord-333209-f6xja3v2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333209-f6xja3v2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32828476/
doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.06.012
abstract: nan
summary:
  In addition to offering a sincere and heartfelt tribute to emergency nurses and other health care personnel who have lost their lives to COVID-19, the purpose of this editorial is to briefly relay a surge planning model 2 and the collection of all-hazard disaster manuscripts published in this issue of JEN. Imagine how preparedness would increase if every member of the emergency care team, at every level and in every role, reviewed the domains of focus ( Figure 2 , right column) and contributed to or felt ownership of disaster preparedness problemsolving ideas and actions within their scope of practice: case definitions, testing capability and logistics, personal protective equipment and isolation precautions, triage and cohorting, clinical protocols, staff health concerns and optout, clinician well-being, communication/coordination, surge planning, and scarce resource allocation. Patient and clinician mental health and well-being are also major considerations in preparedness for infectious disease surges, and we welcome emergency clinician psychosocial intervention testing manuscripts in JEN.


id: cord-335163-gy1ck66p
title: Teaching emergency medicine in a dental school during the time of COVID‐19
author: Damien, Nagi M.
date: 2020-07-21
txt: ./txt/cord-335163-gy1ck66p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-335163-gy1ck66p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12322
doi: 10.1002/jdd.12322
abstract: nan
summary:
  Students in smalls groups are required to attend a 4-hour scheduled problem-based learning session that covers basic management of various medical emergencies and a lab that focuses on setting up an emergency cart and hands-on practice of ventilation, intubation, and the administration of intravenous (IV) lines. Challenges with in-person delivery of the Emergency Procedures II course were addressed by hosting problembased learning sessions and live demonstrations of starting an IV ( Figure 1 ) and airway management using manikins ( Figure 2 ) via WebEx 1 to students in small groups. Prior to attending the sessions, students were required to view Malamed 2 videos on basic management of various medical emergencies provided on Canvas. Didactics in the Dental Emergencies course were presented via WebEx and an exit quiz was administered using Canvas after the completion of each lecture.


id: cord-335550-l7opl6b1
title: Health inequalities: the hidden cost of COVID-19 in NHS hospital trusts?
author: Coronini-Cronberg, Sophie
date: 2020-05-14
txt: ./txt/cord-335550-l7opl6b1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-335550-l7opl6b1.txt
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32407644/
doi: 10.1177/0141076820925230
abstract: nan
summary:
  14 Both the restriction of non-urgent clinical services and the precipitous decline in Emergency Department attendances will affect marginalised groups disproportionately by restricting access to care 6 and therefore exacerbating health inequalities. In terms of public messaging, although some channels are beginning to nuance advice, such as ''for lifethreatening emergencies, call 999 for an ambulance'', there is an urgent need to communicate clearly and in lay language so that those with emergency health needs should continue to attend Emergency Departments or use other NHS services such as general practices and urgent care centres. 16 To address this, NHS employers have been mandated to increase testing to support staff retention, 17 provide more comprehensive personal protective equipment 18 and clearly communicate pay arrangements for instances of self-isolation. 34 As the first deaths among clinicians are announced with a disproportionate number of deaths in health professionals from minority ethnic backgrounds, there will be intense post hoc scrutiny of systematic differences between groups and whether the NHS adequately protected its staff.


id: cord-337665-roelk7i5
title: Emergency Surgery during COVID-19: Lessons Learned
author: Bhattacharjee, Hemanga K.
date: 2020-09-30
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url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1716335
doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1716335
summary:
  Result Two patients from "red zones" for COVID-19 pandemic presented with acute abdomen, one a 64-year male, who presented with perforation peritonitis and another, a 57-year male with acute intestinal obstruction due to sigmoid volvulus. Result Two patients from "red zones" for COVID-19 pandemic presented with acute abdomen, one a 64-year male, who presented with perforation peritonitis and another, a 57-year male with acute intestinal obstruction due to sigmoid volvulus. Conclusion Surgeons need to adapt to safely execute emergency surgical procedures during this period of COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Surgeons need to adapt to safely execute emergency surgical procedures during this period of COVID-19 pandemic. Emergency surgical procedures are time sensitive and require prompt decisions, but during this pandemic, the decision making becomes more difficult as the symptoms can overlap with potential SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) infection and there is a potential community spread of the infection. The patient was shifted to general ward on the next day evening after his COVID-19 test report came out as negative.

abstract:
  Introduction The ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted health services throughout the world. It has brought in several new challenges to deal with surgical emergencies. Herein, we report two suspected cases of COVID-19 that were operated during this “lockdown” period and highlight the protocols we followed and lessons we learned from this situation. Result Two patients from “red zones” for COVID-19 pandemic presented with acute abdomen, one a 64-year male, who presented with perforation peritonitis and another, a 57-year male with acute intestinal obstruction due to sigmoid volvulus. They also had associated COVID-19 symptoms. COVID-19 test could not be done at the time of their presentation to the hospital. Patients underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy assuming them to be positive for the infection. Surgical team was donned with full coverall personal protective equipment. Sudden and uncontrolled egression intraperitoneal free gas was avoided, Echelon flex 60 staplers were used to resect the volvulus without allowing the gas from the volvulus to escape; mesocolon was divided using vascular reload of the stapler, no electrosurgical devices were used to avoid the aerosolization of viral particles. Colostomy was done in both the patients. Both the patients turned out to be negative for COVID-19 subsequently and discharged from hospital in stable condition. Conclusion Surgeons need to adapt to safely execute emergency surgical procedures during this period of COVID-19 pandemic. Preparedness is of paramount importance. Full precautionary measures should be taken when dealing with any suspected case.


id: cord-340153-q0zmnq26
title: Examining professional emergency managers in Korea
author: Ha, Kyoo-Man
date: 2016-09-23
txt: ./txt/cord-340153-q0zmnq26.txt
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url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195925516301317
doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2016.09.004
summary:
  This study uses qualitative content analysis of government policies, college curricula, nongovernmental organizations'' (NGOs'') emergency-manager certification, and mass media coverage to compare emergency managers'' unidisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches. As for the study''s international implications, developing nations may consider the enhancement of related educational curricula, collaborative learning, continuous evaluation, disaster awareness, and disaster prevention for the emergency managers'' multidisciplinary approach. This means that Korea has much room for improvement in this field and can learn from examples and practices by developed nations such as the whole community approach in the United States, the establishment of integrated emergency management system in United Kingdom, the role of small-scale voluntary organizations in Japan, among others. We maintain that Korea has to change its emergency managers'' unidisciplinary status to multidisciplinary status, and given Korea''s own experience, the international community must address the need to change related educational curricula, collaborative learning, and sustainable evaluation.

abstract:
  Although the number of emergency managers has risen in South Korea (hereafter referred to as Korea) over the years, their role is not yet as defined and noteworthy compared to other professions because of its unidisciplinary approach. This article investigates how Korea has to improve emergency managers' disciplinary approach to ultimately contribute to the goal of effective transnational disaster management. This study uses qualitative content analysis of government policies, college curricula, nongovernmental organizations' (NGOs') emergency-manager certification, and mass media coverage to compare emergency managers' unidisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches. The key tenet is that Korea must change its emergency managers' unidisciplinary approach into a multidisciplinary approach because the former is less effective when dealing with complicated disaster management systems. To achieve this change, the stakeholders must carry out their assigned responsibilities under risk-oriented management. As for the study's international implications, developing nations may consider the enhancement of related educational curricula, collaborative learning, continuous evaluation, disaster awareness, and disaster prevention for the emergency managers' multidisciplinary approach.


id: cord-346664-ilebaqx3
author: Rahul
date: 2020-08-10
txt: ./txt/cord-346664-ilebaqx3.txt
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url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-020-02549-5
doi: 10.1007/s12262-020-02549-5
summary:
  Through this study, we intend to assess any change in number and pattern of non-COVID surgical emergencies during the lockdown as well as the interventions required. Through this study, we intend to highlight the difference in patterns of patients who presented as a surgical emergency during the lockdown period (COVID outbreak). The differences in the profile and management of the patients (surgical emergencies) who were managed in the ED of the non-COVID hospital during the first month of the lockdown period and a similar period in the non-pandemic era (before January 30th in India) have been highlighted in Tables 1 and 2 . There was a marginal increase (17%) in the total number of surgical emergencies during the lockdown period, and the average distance covered by the patients to reach the hospital was around 25 km more (13% more) than the pre-COVID era, though the differences were not statistically significant.

title:
  Non-COVID Surgical Emergency During the Nationwide Lockdown due to Corona Pandemic: a Critical Appraisal

abstract:
  The World Health Organization (WHO) declared corona infection as a pandemic in February 2020. A nationwide lockdown was enforced by Indian government on 25 March 2020. Separate health facilities were developed to handle the confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease). Other than emergency services and care of cancer patients, all remaining healthcare activities were curtailed. Through this study, we intend to assess any change in number and pattern of non-COVID surgical emergencies during the lockdown as well as the interventions required. This was an observational study which included all patients with surgical emergencies who presented during the study period (25 March to 24 April 2020) after two stage screenings for corona infection (group 2). The results obtained from analysis of prospectively collected database were compared with a similar period (group 1) prior to the onset of pandemic in India using appropriate statistical tests. In group 2, an increase (17%) in number of patients was noted. The need of organ support was more than 4 times the usual period. An upsurge in neurosurgical emergencies was noted, though the number of interventions decreased by 40%. A significant decrease in hospital stay was also documented (7 days vs 12 days). The nationwide lockdown led to an increase and change in pattern of surgical emergencies, though the interventions required were less. Effective management entails appropriate preparedness.


id: cord-347135-g2hx32xa
title: Dealing with Uncertainty: Lessons Learned from COVID-19
author: Miller, Elaine
date: 2020-06-10
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url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2020.06.001
doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2020.06.001
abstract: nan
summary:
  • In large scale disasters or emergency situations, whether natural (e.g., pandemic, hurricanes), environmental (e.g., Deepwater Horizon oil spill) or traumatic (e.g., mass shootings, World Trade Center attack), there are increases in depression, loneliness, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorders, substance abuse, along with behavioral disorders such as child abuse and domestic violence (Neria, Nandi, & Galea, 2008; Galea, Merchany, & Lurie, 2020) . In conditions such as a pandemic or other disaster/emergency situations, consistently monitoring these individuals and finding ways to provide care are critical. What have we learned that will help clients experiencing pain survive pandemics or other disaster or emergency situations? Moreover, planning is critical for persons with chronic and disabling conditions including pain, mobility, sensory, or cognitive issues (Barth, 2019; Owens, Stidham, & Owens, 2013; FEMA, 2004 · Disaster and emergency supplies must be ready and in one place prior to an actual disaster or emergency. Adults with disabilities should know the community warning system and how residents are to be notified of a potential disaster or emergency situation.


id: cord-348614-im7qtr9k
title: International cooperation group of emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Yánez Benítez, Carlos
date: 2020-10-13
txt: ./txt/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt
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url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-020-01521-y
doi: 10.1007/s00068-020-01521-y
summary:
  These COVID-19 dedicated protocols addressed surgical team organization, operating room (OR) preparation, rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE), considerations on anesthesiology, and intraoperative management of emergency surgical pathology. Continuity performing their regular tasks was reported by 73 (54%) of the respondents, in contrast with the rest, whose newly assigned duties were to the emergency department COVID-19 triage (25%), the intensive care unit (ICU) activities (13%), or had to manage mechanically ventilated patients in the surgical ward (7%). About half (51%) of the respondents had not received training in the use of PPE for airborne infectious risk while performing emergency surgical procedures before the pandemic, and roughly over one-third (37%) had it during the studied period. This study provides an international snapshot of the level of adoption of the guidance for surgical team organization, adequacy of PPE availability and usage, OR preparation, anesthesiologic considerations, and intraoperative management of emergency surgical cases during 2 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic.

abstract:
  PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed working conditions for emergency surgical teams around the world. International surgical societies have issued clinical recommendations to optimize surgical management. This international study aimed to assess the degree of emergency surgical teams’ adoption of recommendations during the pandemic. METHODS: Emergency surgical team members from over 30 countries were invited to answer an anonymous, prospective, online survey to assess team organization, PPE-related aspects, OR preparations, anesthesiologic considerations, and surgical management for emergency surgery during the pandemic. RESULTS: One-hundred-and-thirty-four questionnaires were returned (N = 134) from 26 countries, of which 88% were surgeons, 7% surgical trainees, 4% anesthetists. 81% of the respondents got involved with COVID-19 crisis management. Social media were used by 91% of the respondents to access the recommendations, and 66% used videoconference tools for team communication. 51% had not received PPE training before the pandemic, 73% reported equipment shortage, and 55% informed about re-use of N95/FPP2/3 respirators. Dedicated COVID operating areas were cited by 77% of the respondents, 44% had performed emergency surgical procedures on COVID-19 patients, and over half (52%), favored performing laparoscopic over open surgical procedures. CONCLUSION: Surgical team members have responded with leadership to the COVID-19 pandemic, with crisis management principles. Social media and videoconference have been used by the vast majority to access guidelines or to communicate during social distancing. The level of adoption of current recommendations is high for organizational aspects and surgical management, but not so for PPE training and availability, and anesthesiologic considerations.


