trigram

This is a table of type trigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

trigram	frequency
middle east respiratory	3184
east respiratory syndrome	3174
respiratory syndrome coronavirus	2712
of middle east	1087
the middle east	624
severe acute respiratory	515
in saudi arabia	504
acute respiratory syndrome	460
syndrome coronavirus infection	402
in dromedary camels	341
as well as	286
syndrome coronavirus in	251
with middle east	236
in the middle	220
in south korea	216
of the virus	198
cov infection in	183
world health organization	181
for middle east	174
of a novel	163
coronavirus infection in	160
a novel coronavirus	160
outbreak of middle	158
of severe acute	155
cases of mers	146
the development of	146
the arabian peninsula	144
dromedary camels in	142
in the lungs	142
of the middle	140
the republic of	137
republic of korea	136
the united states	134
patients with middle	134
in patients with	134
the presence of	133
risk factors for	130
transmission of mers	129
one of the	128
of saudi arabia	127
a total of	125
the number of	123
the risk of	122
lower respiratory tract	121
of the mers	120
the use of	119
from saudi arabia	116
in the republic	112
the role of	112
prevention and control	111
of patients with	110
kingdom of saudi	110
respiratory syndrome in	104
coronavirus from a	103
have been reported	103
the end of	101
was isolated from	101
based on the	101
cases of middle	101
of mers coronavirus	100
due to the	100
in the united	100
united arab emirates	100
upper respiratory tract	97
influenza a virus	96
of the disease	95
according to the	95
coronavirus in dromedary	94
in this study	94
part of the	92
saudi arabia middle	91
syndrome coronavirus infections	91
respiratory distress syndrome	91
arabia middle east	91
the emergence of	91
isolation of a	91
and outcomes of	91
acute respiratory distress	89
novel coronavirus from	89
the spike protein	89
with pneumonia in	87
clinical characteristics of	86
pneumonia in saudi	85
the lungs of	85
ribavirin and interferon	85
infected with mers	84
in addition to	83
end of the	82
case of middle	82
from a man	82
the world health	82
the majority of	81
a man with	81
hospital outbreak of	81
polymerase chain reaction	80
man with pneumonia	80
was detected in	80
the s protein	80
of influenza a	80
infection prevention and	80
in order to	79
most of the	79
patients with mers	78
of cases of	78
a number of	78
there is a	77
ministry of health	76
detected in the	76
such as the	76
infection in the	75
cov outbreak in	75
related to the	75
critically ill patients	74
the respiratory tract	73
closely related to	72
novel human coronavirus	72
the treatment of	71
and clinical characteristics	71
control and prevention	71
infection in dromedary	71
the kingdom of	70
ill patients with	70
congo hemorrhagic fever	69
patients with severe	68
outbreak in south	67
in the same	67
cov infection and	66
is associated with	66
confirmed cases of	66
a systematic review	66
during the outbreak	66
syndrome coronavirus disease	66
of viral rna	66
in the region	65
the bronze age	64
in combination with	64
risk of mers	64
of the s	64
mers coronavirus in	64
antibodies against mers	63
antibodies in dromedary	63
found to be	62
analysis of the	62
with severe acute	62
outbreak in the	62
family cluster of	62
a combination of	61
clinical features and	61
of the first	61
and in the	61
infection with mers	60
isolated from the	60
middle east and	60
coronavirus middle east	59
there is no	59
case fatality rate	59
were isolated from	59
the spread of	59
characteristics of cases	58
the absence of	58
the detection of	57
were detected in	57
a descriptive study	57
characterization of a	57
for disease control	57
infection control measures	57
disease control and	57
health care workers	57
the incubation period	56
health care facilities	56
in the arabian	56
human transmission of	56
intensive care unit	55
saudi arabia and	55
a case of	55
from dromedary camels	55
for patients with	54
in hong kong	54
west nile virus	54
in healthcare settings	54
the basis of	54
emerging infectious diseases	54
cluster of middle	53
from the middle	53
cov spike protein	53
in the respiratory	53
transmission of middle	53
cov in the	53
on the other	53
on the basis	52
coronavirus disease from	52
disease from saudi	52
of human security	52
associated with the	51
infection with middle	51
the lack of	51
of the bronze	51
the virus was	50
included in the	50
understanding of the	50
isolated from a	50
the severe acute	50
of the world	49
associated with a	49
with acute respiratory	49
there was no	49
of the patients	49
centers for disease	49
b and ribavirin	49
study middle east	48
the onset of	48
has not been	48
functional receptor for	48
infection in humans	48
the other hand	48
been shown to	48
of the coronavirus	48
was used to	47
the epidemiology of	47
the outbreak in	47
cases have been	47
camels in saudi	47
the united arab	47
positive for mers	47
the fact that	47
cov and mers	47
well as the	46
neutralizing antibodies in	46
and south korea	46
the results of	46
found in the	46
it has been	45
in terms of	45
coronavirus spike protein	45
patients infected with	45
in the kingdom	45
the time of	45
respiratory tract infection	45
role in the	45
in health care	45
at the time	44
because of the	44
none of the	44
binding domain of	44
the importance of	44
number of cases	43
against mers coronavirus	43
infection in a	43
the pathogenesis of	43
in the treatment	43
analysis of a	43
the lower respiratory	43
to be the	43
need to be	43
to be a	43
to health care	43
syndrome coronavirus spike	43
a patient with	42
are associated with	42
a mouse model	42
observed in the	42
model of mers	42
outbreak in korea	42
the possibility of	42
the most common	42
large number of	42
a functional receptor	41
have been identified	41
mouse model of	41
there was a	41
a link to	41
hemorrhagic fever virus	41
and public health	41
cases in the	41
cov infection was	41
the severity of	41
the s subunit	41
bat coronavirus hku	41
shortness of breath	41
was found in	40
involved in the	40
cov s protein	40
of a case	40
respiratory tract of	40
of this study	40
in vitro and	40
parts of the	40
of novel coronavirus	40
influenza a viruses	40
of critically ill	40
the need for	40
coronavirus associated with	40
dromedary camels and	39
in the s	39
saudi arabia in	39
in the world	39
for the emerging	39
the index case	39
likely to be	39
the present study	39
a report of	39
the transmission of	39
coronavirus infections in	39
transmission of the	39
was associated with	39
outbreaks of middle	39
of the spike	38
that the virus	38
syndrome coronavirus and	38
some of the	38
an outbreak investigation	38
virus in the	38
of the novel	38
severe respiratory illness	38
evidence of mers	38
has also been	38
sars and mers	38
a and b	38
number of mers	38
spike protein of	38
of the cases	38
in dromedary camel	38
of infectious virus	38
caused by a	38
syndrome coronavirus middle	38
at the end	38
cov has been	38
the patient was	37
the efficacy of	37
identification of a	37
as a result	37
high prevalence of	37
with the middle	37
viruses of the	37
countries in the	37
the upper respiratory	37
clinical course and	37
strains were isolated	37
and southeast asia	37
that of the	37
with mers coronavirus	37
to the middle	37
mers outbreak in	37
are needed to	37
development of a	36
serum antibodies in	36
human coronavirus oc	36
the circulation of	36
associated with severe	36
in east asia	36
outbreak in jeddah	36
domain of the	36
in middle east	36
borne encephalitis virus	36
all of the	36
onset of symptoms	36
of the outbreak	36
comparative serological study	36
retrospective cohort study	36
has been reported	36
are likely to	36
a comparative serological	35
contact with a	35
spread of mers	35
outcomes of critically	35
and evolution of	35
in rhesus macaques	35
case of mers	35
been reported to	35
as previously described	35
human infection with	35
receptor for the	35
south and east	35
course and outcomes	35
personal protective equipment	35
evolution of the	35
the course of	35
been detected in	35
systematic review and	34
of the genome	34
for the treatment	34
the identification of	34
there have been	34
the first case	34
the emergency room	34
the potential for	34
in the human	34
the virus is	34
east and southeast	34
cases of infection	34
contact with the	34
outcomes of patients	34
well as in	34
more likely to	34
were used to	34
of infection with	34
the virus to	34
link to health	34
innate immune response	34
outbreaks in the	34
in the south	34
of dromedary camels	34
were found to	34
the far east	34
to respiratory failure	34
an outbreak of	34
to that of	33
the duration of	33
of the infection	33
of the human	33
to assess the	33
is a functional	33
from a patient	33
imported case of	33
the beginning of	33
were isolated in	33
the ministry of	33
coronavirus in saudi	33
the extent of	33
the first imported	33
members of the	33
the genome of	33
this study was	33
were associated with	33
have also been	33
a family cluster	33
was observed in	33
direct contact with	33
neutralising serum antibodies	32
based on a	32
in the near	32
for the development	32
of the manuscript	32
been reported in	32
with a high	32
phylogenetic analysis of	32
the prevalence of	32
of two cases	32
dipeptidyl peptidase is	32
was found to	32
in the icu	32
were found in	32
coronavirus neutralising serum	32
syndrome coronavirus neutralising	32
the human population	32
structure of the	32
close contact with	32
human monoclonal antibody	32
of the sars	32
and characterization of	32
research and development	32
coronavirus in the	32
the territory of	32
detection of mers	32
were reported in	32
in mers patients	31
transcription polymerase chain	31
viruses of vertebrates	31
rna was detected	31
eastern respiratory syndrome	31
were obtained from	31
respiratory syndrome outbreak	31
camels in the	31
after symptom onset	31
was defined as	31
in upper respiratory	31
the distribution of	31
middle eastern respiratory	31
balb c mice	31
of convalescent plasma	31
camels middle east	31
the result of	31
it is not	31
the source of	31
implications for the	31
viral rna in	31
the level of	31
time reverse transcription	31
generation of a	31
a history of	31
in the development	30
of infectious diseases	30
the virus in	30
cases and deaths	30
incubation period of	30
in jeddah and	30
been found in	30
the similarity of	30
and transmission of	30
cellular immune responses	30
the university of	30
against middle east	30
of the international	30
from the first	30
catalogue of arboviruses	30
associated with mers	30
prevalence of mers	30
be used to	30
in the absence	30
in the healthcare	30
in our study	30
severe middle east	30
international catalogue of	30
the proportion of	30
by a novel	30
an observational study	30
have not been	29
cov infection is	29
contact with camels	29
diagnosis of mers	29
isolated in the	29
virus infection in	29
a dromedary camel	29
the expression of	29
receptor binding domain	29
in the nasal	29
appear to be	29
novel coronavirus infection	29
and risk factors	29
in the early	29
and middle east	29
severe respiratory disease	29
infectious virus was	29
viral rna was	29
a lack of	29
a retrospective study	29
saudi arabia mers	29
south korea and	29
clinical and laboratory	29
the sars coronavirus	29
asymptomatic or mild	29
cases were reported	29
the near east	29
acute respiratory infections	29
the impact of	29
of mers cases	29
infected with the	29
human dipeptidyl peptidase	29
of symptom onset	29
features of the	29
vitro and in	29
immune responses in	29
during the first	29
have been found	29
dromedary camels are	29
the east asian	29
in accordance with	29
member of the	29
the case of	29
emerging human coronavirus	29
in the case	29
related to a	29
total number of	29
the discovery of	29
the novel human	29
in the future	29
to middle east	28
genetic characterization of	28
peptidase is a	28
natural foci of	28
associated outbreak of	28
of the viral	28
the emerging human	28
human middle east	28
patients who were	28
contributed to the	28
high levels of	28
modified vaccinia virus	28
of transmission of	28
than that of	28
respiratory disease in	28
evidence for camel	28
the virus and	28
saudi ministry of	28
the effect of	28
korea middle east	28
the h n	28
respiratory tract infections	28
collected in the	28
taxonomy of viruses	28
in animal models	28
virus was detected	28
assiri et al	28
of novel human	28
showed that the	28
of the epidemic	28
of a new	28
a study of	28
viral shedding and	28
coronavirus infection and	28
of confirmed cases	28
avian influenza a	28
the production of	28
features and virological	27
a large number	27
prior to the	27
morbidity and mortality	27
two cases of	27
illness in humans	27
of rhesus macaques	27
acute respiratory illness	27
in the north	27
tertiary care hospital	27
could not be	27
and virological analysis	27
a single patient	27
of this virus	27
cov and sars	27
dromedary camels middle	27
can be used	27
the context of	27
camels and humans	27
to the world	27
the south of	27
have been developed	27
virological analysis of	27
cov infected patients	27
associated with acute	27
of hospitalized patients	27
genomic characterization of	27
increased risk of	27
approved by the	27
for mers coronavirus	27
of acute respiratory	27
and clinical description	27
shedding of mers	27
similarity of the	27
the authors declare	27
h n virus	27
it is important	27
on the th	27
genome sequence of	27
were observed in	27
novel human betacoronavirus	27
resulted in a	27
no evidence of	27
bronchial epithelial cells	27
the united kingdom	27
to the icu	27
syndrome coronavirus transmission	27
infection rate of	27
control study of	27
spread of the	27
probability of influenza	27
in the ussr	26
arabian peninsula and	26
in cell culture	26
have been shown	26
detection of the	26
risk of death	26
infect dis doi	26
the amino acid	26
revealed that the	26
s f cd	26
old tg mice	26
in the upper	26
the phylogenetic tree	26
may not be	26
f cd l	26
as described previously	26
patients in the	26
similar to those	26
prevalence of middle	26
the united nations	26
we found that	26
combination of interferon	26
regions of the	26
a fatal case	26
in some cases	26
the mers outbreak	26
combination with ribavirin	26
a retrospective cohort	26
those of the	26
a h n	26
syndrome coronavirus outbreak	26
from a dromedary	26
on the territory	26
the common marmoset	26
conflicts of interest	26
hospitalized patients with	26
were positive for	26
in line with	26
severe disease and	26
for detection of	26
predictive factors for	26
we did not	26
vaccinia virus ankara	26
emerging infectious disease	26
in the context	26
negative for mers	26
days prior to	26
hospital in saudi	26
acute renal failure	26
treatment of mers	26
serum samples were	26
cov in upper	25
antibody against mers	25
to the human	25
and cellular immune	25
a result of	25
between the two	25
in the first	25
used in the	25
of mers in	25
respiratory tract samples	25
data gaps of	25
and east asia	25
postexposure efficacy of	25
laboratory confirmation of	25
of the united	25
a variety of	25
of the most	25
factors associated with	25
the fi rst	25
higher than that	25
presence of mers	25
of influenza virus	25
may have been	25
there are no	25
to determine the	25
to infected camels	25
and postexposure efficacy	25
h n strains	25
rift valley fever	25
exposure to infected	25
fatal case of	25
cov antibodies in	25
the occurrence of	25
risk factors of	25
to a hospital	25
to have a	25
knowledge and data	25
neutralizing monoclonal antibodies	25
mouse model for	25
gaps of middle	25
of nosocomial transmission	25
of knowledge and	25
the amount of	25
review of the	25
and data gaps	25
the ability to	25
the novel coronavirus	25
state of knowledge	25
type i interferon	25
gn and gc	25
was first isolated	25
human security in	24
and h n	24
any of the	24
compared to the	24
related to mers	24
novel coronavirus in	24
and control measures	24
shown to be	24
admission to the	24
of human coronavirus	24
clinical aspects and	24
who did not	24
birds in the	24
a group of	24
been associated with	24
replication and shedding	24
linked to the	24
model for middle	24
to evaluate the	24
shown in table	24
susceptible to mers	24
as part of	24
and shedding of	24
coronavirus neutralizing antibodies	24
transgenic mouse model	24
factors for primary	24
outbreaks of mers	24
other viruses of	24
respiratory tract and	24
mers coronavirus infection	24
type i and	24
ebola virus disease	24
the healthcare setting	24
for the presence	24
and interferon alfa	24
with lopinavir ritonavir	24
after exposure to	24
high risk of	24
the total number	24
but not in	24
of s protein	24
the case fatality	24
be associated with	24
renal replacement therapy	24
clinical features of	24
first case of	24
the virus has	24
were negative for	24
the ability of	24
up to days	24
the infection rate	24
coronavirus outbreak in	24
similar to the	24
aspects and outcomes	24
with severe mers	24
reviewed the manuscript	24
experience in saudi	24
sequence of the	24
that in the	24
should be considered	24
supported by the	23
human neutralizing monoclonal	23
ticks collected in	23
were included in	23
of an outbreak	23
distress syndrome in	23
the existence of	23
disease outbreak news	23
a recent study	23
for treatment of	23
diagnosis of two	23
first imported case	23
is important to	23
not result in	23
s protein of	23
influenza a h	23
of infection control	23
a novel human	23
acute kidney injury	23
syndrome coronavirus pneumonia	23
in the mers	23
coronavirus antibodies in	23
in the us	23
differences in the	23
respiratory syncytial virus	23
tested positive for	23
and interferon therapy	23
the effects of	23
serum samples from	23
primary middle east	23
the origin of	23
and dromedary camels	23
the concept of	23
each of the	23
camels in egypt	23
jeddah and riyadh	23
illness caused by	23
syndrome coronavirus antibodies	23
and reviewed the	23
no competing interests	23
outcome of mers	23
reported to who	23
dromedary camel herd	23
the saudi ministry	23
course of the	23
for primary middle	23
for the detection	23
the lungs and	23
the rest of	23
outcome in mers	23
been isolated from	23
was carried out	23
center experience in	23
among healthcare workers	23
in the common	23
the risk factors	23
to better understand	23
of west nile	23
the nucleocapsid protein	23
acute respiratory infection	23
risk factor for	23
a newly discovered	23
increase in the	23
factors for mers	22
has been found	22
in the last	22
in the hospital	22
open reading frame	22
outside of the	22
syndrome coronavirus by	22
institute of virology	22
referred to as	22
the international committee	22
a review of	22
the blood of	22
were tested for	22
distribution of mers	22
and in vivo	22
in both the	22
that can be	22
been reported from	22
the korean outbreak	22
cytokines and chemokines	22
at high risk	22
infection control and	22
reported to be	22
appears to be	22
and viral diagnosis	22
reported to the	22
coronavirus after exposure	22
from onset to	22
the outbreak of	22
with those of	22
s and s	22
was reported in	22
cov replication in	22
than in the	22
in the spike	22
as shown in	22
outbreak of mers	22
data on the	22
cause of severe	22
in the emergency	22
viral diagnosis of	22
the combination of	22
of health and	22
treatment with interferon	22
of ebola virus	22
the south korean	22
the caspian sea	22
human coronavirus emc	22
report of nosocomial	22
in this review	22
features and viral	22
of sars coronavirus	22
may also be	22
the isolation of	22
syndrome middle east	22
mers coronavirus after	22
newly discovered coronavirus	22
of a newly	22
tract infection in	22
c bl mice	22
viral loads in	22
was performed using	22
coronavirus in bats	22
not detected in	22
out of the	22
in a patient	22
yet to be	22
many of the	22
by the who	22
report of the	22
have shown that	22
for severe middle	22
and phylogenetic analysis	22
viruses in bats	22
region of the	21
source of infection	21
the prevention of	21
cells in the	21
characterization of the	21
respiratory infections in	21
of east asia	21
reported in the	21
infected rhesus macaques	21
human betacoronavirus c	21
incubation period was	21
and infection control	21
cov is a	21
isolation and characterization	21
around the world	21
of the patient	21
of the study	21
and ribavirin improves	21
the formation of	21
of arboviruses in	21
can be found	21
was used for	21
neutralizing antibodies against	21
coronaviruses in dromedary	21
a member of	21
of the risk	21
of the russian	21
health care settings	21
infection and disease	21
epidemiology of mers	21
ribavirin improves outcome	21
syndrome in humans	21
to the virus	21
the control of	21
livestock species in	21
mode of transmission	21
the sars outbreak	21
spike protein in	21
high level of	21
at least one	21
one or more	21
the general population	21
depending on the	21
is an important	21
needs to be	21
returning from the	21
respiratory syndrome middle	21
study showed that	21
syndrome in the	21
south korean outbreak	21
syndrome coronavirus from	21
of mers and	21
the evolution of	21
the median time	21
compared with the	21
outcomes of middle	21
improves outcome in	21
discovered coronavirus associated	21
strains isolated from	21
in the far	21
and risk assessment	21
systematic review of	21
cov have been	21
in the present	21
in patients infected	21
with or without	21
a case report	21
primate model of	21
from patients with	21
by a single	21
can also be	21
a median of	21
betacoronavirus c emc	21
review and meta	21
potent neutralization of	21
did not have	21
pneumonia in the	21
major livestock species	21
infectious bronchitis virus	21
i and ii	21
mortality rate of	20
virus excretion after	20
used as a	20
rhesus macaques and	20
the plague of	20
exposure to camels	20
in major livestock	20
emergence of a	20
risk factors and	20
of a mers	20
role of the	20
investigation middle east	20
are more likely	20
of the new	20
testing for middle	20
progression to respiratory	20
hdpp transgenic mice	20
it is a	20
geographic distribution of	20
were admitted to	20
of outbreaks of	20
an analysis of	20
the median age	20
have been detected	20
the management of	20
isolated in from	20
it is possible	20
assays for laboratory	20
belonging to the	20
an affected region	20
cov rna was	20
of the infected	20
of a fatal	20
in the arab	20
patients admitted to	20
in the lower	20
serology in major	20
the intensive care	20
treatment of middle	20
of neutralizing antibodies	20
the copyright holder	20
viruses in the	20
institutional review board	20
east asian tigers	20
as a possible	20
clinical presentation and	20
years of age	20
respiratory illness caused	20
a role in	20
antibodies in camels	20
showed that mers	20
which is a	20
isolation of mers	20
of northern eurasia	20
acute respiratory disease	20
a hospital in	20
in a hospital	20
vaccine reduces virus	20
in the past	20
of cases in	20
located in the	20
recombination of mers	20
species in an	20
belong to the	20
in contrast to	20
response to the	20
also known as	20
reduces virus excretion	20
the astrakhan region	20
saudi arabia the	20
region in jordan	20
in an affected	20
severity of illness	20
from the blood	20
not yet been	20
animal models of	20
has been shown	20
public health authorities	20
activity against mers	20
in east and	20
an important role	20
much of the	20
have been described	20
expression of the	20
affected region in	20
in household contacts	20
excretion after mers	20
risk for mers	20
complete genome sequence	20
number of patients	20
that have been	20
in northern eurasia	20
emergence of mers	20
coronavirus infection during	20
in abu dhabi	20
within days of	19
and recombination of	19
of cases and	19
are the most	19
for the prevention	19
the first mers	19
infections in the	19
emergence of the	19
of the host	19
coronavirus illness in	19
in vitro studies	19
coronavirus in jeddah	19
on the epidemiology	19
protein of sars	19
vero e cells	19
the characteristics of	19
reservoir for mers	19
unrecognized asymptomatic or	19
of these viruses	19
assessment of the	19
domain of mers	19
an overview of	19
in this region	19
it should be	19
obtained from the	19
novel middle east	19
a single dose	19
admitted to the	19
that it is	19
seroprevalence in domestic	19
occurred in the	19
covs in saudi	19
the clinical features	19
present in the	19
cov rna in	19
on days and	19
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation	19
and viral rna	19
coronavirus seroprevalence in	19
to those of	19
and treatment of	19
circulation of three	19
a confirmed case	19
it is also	19
the viral spike	19
transient lower respiratory	19
antibodies in saudi	19
infection control practices	19
descriptive genomic study	19
central nervous system	19
ritonavir or interferon	19
to develop a	19
livestock in saudi	19
consistent with the	19
were identified in	19
in the study	19
study of outbreaks	19
disease and death	19
in the southern	19
species and recombination	19
mers coronavirus from	19
of three camel	19
diffuse alveolar damage	19
therapy in patients	19
interferon therapy in	19
a descriptive genomic	19
a high level	19
domestic livestock in	19
results suggest that	19
of a mouse	19
in a study	19
to replicate in	19
a series of	19
syndrome coronavirus illness	19
evidence for the	19
with confirmed mers	19
data not shown	19
there were no	19
to understand the	19
as a potential	19
viral shedding in	19
for laboratory confirmation	19
pneumonia development and	19
and control of	19
camel coronavirus species	19
and did not	19
in domestic livestock	19
in a single	19
infections in health	19
is a major	19
three camel coronavirus	19
of the food	19
patients who received	19
factors for middle	19
with severe disease	19
specific antibodies in	19
prophylactic and therapeutic	19
were collected from	19
coronavirus in a	19
protective efficacy of	19
coronavirus species and	19
distribution of the	19
the canary islands	19
model of middle	19
the probability of	19
is the most	19
of common marmoset	19
they have no	19
transmission in the	19
been identified in	19
the public health	19
total of patients	19
certain other viruses	19
presence of middle	19
caused by the	19
be due to	19
respiratory illness in	19
factors of mers	19
laboratory testing for	19
is important for	19
of patients infected	19
a for severe	19
is similar to	19
of exposure to	19
in the aerosol	18
syndrome coronavirus replication	18
late bronze age	18
the volga delta	18
and common marmosets	18
jamaican fruit bat	18
data from the	18
of mers patients	18
median incubation period	18
and ultrastructural findings	18
therapeutic options for	18
or mild case	18
the likelihood of	18
for up to	18
clinical management of	18
have occurred in	18
is that the	18
high case fatality	18
a likely unrecognized	18
the immune system	18
respiratory tract specimens	18
more than one	18
human cases of	18
mers coronaviruses in	18
virus isolated from	18
to a likely	18
infectious diseases and	18
disease in the	18
detection of a	18
the quality of	18
thought to be	18
had contact with	18
the median incubation	18
a patient who	18
in dialysis patients	18
the human respiratory	18
human to human	18
the frequency of	18
acute middle east	18
than that in	18
coronavirus infections related	18
responsible for the	18
exposure in an	18
to have been	18
could have been	18
to the united	18
based vaccine reduces	18
improves outcome of	18
addition to the	18
of h n	18
of this disease	18
centre for disease	18
infections related to	18
nt for the	18
the s gene	18
was used as	18
an emergency room	18
study of the	18
samples from the	18
case definition for	18
information on the	18
with respiratory symptoms	18
factors for pneumonia	18
associated middle east	18
of japanese encephalitis	18
dromedary camels from	18
mers and sars	18
is known to	18
for the middle	18
a or ifn	18
days after the	18
development and progression	18
cov in vitro	18
the date of	18
the study was	18
from a retrospective	18
characteristics of the	18
patients who had	18
days after symptom	18
mers coronavirus neutralizing	18
in contact with	18
model of common	18
with respect to	18
small number of	18
of viral shedding	18
our understanding of	18
cov infections in	18
development of mers	18
of the total	18
part of russia	18
confirmation of novel	18
cov infection were	18
that they have	18
h n influenza	18
characteristics of mers	18
likely unrecognized asymptomatic	18
viral load in	18
at the same	18
ce serocomplex viruses	18
transmissibility of middle	18
in a large	18
high mortality rate	18
in the late	18
an infectious disease	18
public health response	18
inoculated dromedary camels	18
the receptor binding	18
experimental infection of	18
for use in	18
median age of	18
compared to those	18
human transmission in	18
isolated from ixodes	18
an imported case	18
japanese encephalitis virus	18
virus from the	18
was used in	18
b improves outcome	18
basis of the	17
among dromedary camels	17
with ribavirin to	17
in the brain	17
syndrome in hong	17
patients with sars	17
protein in a	17
s subunit of	17
mice infected with	17
during the early	17
of patients in	17
and throat swabs	17
added to the	17
followed by a	17
based study of	17
is a novel	17
lopinavir ritonavir or	17
from symptom onset	17
mortality risk factors	17
the effectiveness of	17
for pneumonia development	17
of arboviruses and	17
aspects of the	17
the human security	17
results of the	17
of highly pathogenic	17
the introduction of	17
probability of mers	17
found that the	17
a comparative study	17
alert and response	17
and lower respiratory	17
human respiratory tract	17
rapid generation of	17
authors declare no	17
single patient exposure	17
and east asian	17
macaques and common	17
of current situation	17
coronavirus as a	17
of infection in	17
would like to	17
strain was isolated	17
a middle east	17
study of hospitalized	17
reported from the	17
severity of the	17
disease in humans	17
were exposed to	17
infections have been	17
patient exposure in	17
genome of the	17
the mortality rate	17
limited number of	17
disease in children	17
serological evidence of	17
may be a	17
for the first	17
feline infectious peritonitis	17
is likely to	17
viruses isolated from	17
pathogenic avian influenza	17
is closely related	17
associated with middle	17
disease prevention and	17
nonhuman primate model	17
tend to be	17
of human middle	17
studies on the	17
antibodies against spike	17
has been isolated	17
from south korea	17
the most recent	17
ribavirin to treat	17
the vaccinated group	17
human and animal	17
mechanical ventilation and	17
korea and china	17
of the population	17
the eastern mediterranean	17
infection in rhesus	17
and outcome of	17
is essential for	17
is one of	17
sensitivity and specificity	17
was isolated in	17
strains isolated in	17
the potential to	17
changes in the	17
over the past	17
as compared to	17
public health and	17
the pattern of	17
other parts of	17
in response to	17
potential conflicts of	17
to treat middle	17
there is an	17
lethal pneumonia in	17
identified in the	17
in the usa	17
by a combination	17
treatment with lopinavir	17
of the severe	17
pathogenesis of mers	17
is the first	17
the natural reservoir	17
in the northern	17
mean age of	17
that there is	17
orf a and	17
the centers for	17
syndrome corona virus	17
and laboratory findings	17
there has been	17
in an emergency	17
were identified as	17
study of patients	17
and progression to	17
the disease in	17
exposure to mers	17
the mean age	17
be explained by	17
syndrome coronavirus mers	17
treat middle east	17
a high prevalence	17
likely to have	17
the relationship between	17
of the two	17
is not a	17
of suspected cases	17
studies are needed	17
of the genus	17
following a single	17
of the philistines	17
resulting in a	17
coronavirus replication by	17
of the other	17
south korea middle	17
emergency room in	17
and the united	16
severity of mers	16
european part of	16
corman et al	16
during an outbreak	16
virus was isolated	16
the russian plain	16
cells of the	16
at increased risk	16
which was not	16
to illness onset	16
of the h	16
hospital in jeddah	16
in the astrakhan	16
was performed in	16
to reduce the	16
better understand the	16
plague of the	16
jamaican fruit bats	16
owing to the	16
the rate of	16
inhibitors of middle	16
tract of inoculated	16
clinical signs of	16
is able to	16
a hospital outbreak	16
to the viral	16
n strains were	16
in the lung	16
causes transient lower	16
and innate immune	16
care hospital in	16
the same time	16
antibodies were detected	16
amino acid sequence	16
s n a	16
as of june	16
has not yet	16
these results suggest	16
arabi et al	16
outbreak investigation middle	16
hemorrhagic fever with	16
risk of transmission	16
coronavirus replication in	16
h n and	16
patients and their	16
the department of	16
are susceptible to	16
be detected in	16
in healthcare workers	16
been found to	16
in agreement with	16
in a nonhuman	16
the etiological agent	16
are the main	16
findings of a	16
the european part	16
comparative analysis of	16
replication of mers	16
and shortness of	16
accordance with the	16
and risk of	16
in the community	16
hemorrhagic fever in	16
coronavirus in household	16
a cluster of	16
to the arabian	16
dynamics of the	16
to that in	16
a nonhuman primate	16
efficacy of fully	16
samsung medical center	16
cov infection of	16
of the european	16
humanized mouse model	16
in the ksa	16
in a novel	16
coronavirus study group	16
of less than	16
declare that they	16
in a healthcare	16
to infection with	16
in the instillation	16
highly pathogenic avian	16
within the region	16
from tg mice	16
betacoronavirus lineage c	16
outbreak of severe	16
of the infectious	16
were treated with	16
syndrome coronavirus a	16
of avian influenza	16
care and use	16
the aim of	16
and that the	16
rna in the	16
models of mers	16
neutralizing monoclonal antibody	16
the s and	16
of inoculated dromedary	16
antibodies to mers	16
epidemiology of middle	16
patients with confirmed	16
potential risk factors	16
and mycophenolic acid	16
in primorsky krai	16
the index patient	16
of the envelope	16
appeared to be	16
monoclonal antibody against	16
and the middle	16
with novel coronavirus	16
respiratory syndrome corona	16
of fully human	16
inflammatory cytokines and	16
in the east	16
abu dhabi emirate	16
an animal model	16
foci of arboviruses	16
rest of the	16
a in combination	16
in patients who	16
epidemiological investigation of	16
dromedary camels mers	16
the instillation group	16
indirect contact with	16
days from onset	16
were infected with	16
syndrome in a	16
human monoclonal antibodies	16
east respiratory coronavirus	16
omsk hemorrhagic fever	16
this is the	16
fatality rate of	16
and identification of	16
samples were collected	16
ultrastructural findings of	16
of secondary cases	15
confirmed cases and	15
efficacy of a	15
the form of	15
single dose of	15
was not detected	15
to display the	15
and of the	15
cov and its	15
has granted medrxiv	15
committee on taxonomy	15
for the virus	15
patients with respiratory	15
the coronavirus study	15
we describe the	15
has been described	15
a comparison of	15
novel humanized mouse	15
was originally isolated	15
hospital outbreaks of	15
and the risk	15
and the transmission	15
of antibody in	15
epidemiological findings from	15
in the blood	15
phylogenetic tree of	15
cov cases and	15
of the lungs	15
license to display	15
room in south	15
underlying medical conditions	15
the replication of	15
those of other	15
emerged in the	15
seems to be	15
of human infection	15
medrxiv a license	15
findings from a	15
and response to	15
against spike protein	15
and implications for	15
the aerosol group	15
in which the	15
infection middle east	15
was first reported	15
a prospective descriptive	15
outbreak following a	15
patient who died	15
it would be	15
of the us	15
creative commons license	15
data collection and	15
the hittite empire	15
preparedness and response	15
important role in	15
mg of m	15
copyright holder for	15
granted medrxiv a	15
the novel middle	15
to the mers	15
the study period	15
the preprint in	15
the early stages	15
origin of the	15
food and agriculture	15
the control groups	15
upper and lower	15
was the most	15
lungs of the	15
responses in mice	15
seen in the	15
were the most	15
of human and	15
of the authors	15
in the circulation	15
international committee on	15
immune response in	15
tested for mers	15
authors declare that	15
associated with human	15
close relative of	15
high viral loads	15
referral hospital in	15
of the global	15
is difficult to	15
first reported in	15
the host cell	15
of illness and	15
was not peer	15
innate immune responses	15
patients with suspected	15
mers cases were	15
discovery of a	15
analysis based on	15
linked immunosorbent assay	15
patients with pneumonia	15
on taxonomy of	15
median of days	15
viral replication in	15
by the world	15
of pandemic risk	15
a transgenic mouse	15
outside the arabian	15
healthcare worker and	15
in the breath	15
during the study	15
onset of illness	15
syndrome coronavirus vaccine	15
inhibition of novel	15
was identified in	15
holder for this	15
was supported by	15
infections in healthcare	15
be able to	15
mers coronavirus among	15
cov causes lethal	15
a license to	15
those who were	15
cov outbreak following	15
in the top	15
in a mouse	15
and orf a	15
outbreaks have been	15
a novel humanized	15
a tertiary care	15
to the who	15
implications for pathogenesis	15
immune response to	15
to the sars	15
an infected patient	15
should not be	15
monoclonal antibodies to	15
ivanovsky institute of	15
coronavirus among dromedary	15
the availability of	15
was conducted in	15
and management of	15
host species restriction	15
who has granted	15
risk prediction model	15
conflict of interest	15
sars in the	15
is possible that	15
was able to	15
symptoms such as	15
for this preprint	15
epidemiological outbreak study	15
lungs of rhesus	15
sea of okhotsk	15
of dpp in	15
preprint in perpetuity	15
extent of the	15
with a confirmed	15
in any of	15
for severe acute	15
the late bronze	15
during the course	15
kim et al	15
of natural foci	15
and use of	15
estimation of pandemic	15
symptoms of mers	15
in the country	15
fully human antibodies	15
considered to be	15
for this study	15
potential of mers	15
in the form	15
display the preprint	15
the southern part	15
in nonhuman primates	15
the two groups	15
stability of middle	15
t cells and	15
and do not	15
the sea peoples	15
pipistrellus bat coronavirus	15
is required to	15
and has been	15
the nairovirus genus	15
interhuman transmissibility of	15
transmission dynamics of	15
causes lethal pneumonia	15
cov cases were	15
study was to	15
an epidemiological outbreak	15
transmission has been	15
in the two	15
replication by a	15
that has been	15
a retrospective investigation	15
a new virus	15
prospective descriptive study	15
and days after	15
of the insurance	15
crystal structure of	15
human antibodies against	15
replication in the	15
have been used	15
the north of	14
reported in saudi	14
is needed to	14
weeks after the	14
to prevent the	14
and family contacts	14
an h n	14
is based on	14
in the field	14
s protein is	14
infected dromedary camels	14
confirmation of mers	14
to severe acute	14
in one of	14
and approved the	14
the case definition	14
the most important	14
disease associated with	14
the th of	14
of the same	14
to each other	14
as the gene	14
announcement of the	14
derived from the	14
shedding in the	14
the length of	14
related viruses in	14
and it is	14
mers coronavirus using	14
with the exception	14
interferon and ribavirin	14
as the result	14
findings of the	14
syndrome coronavirus causes	14
the first time	14
be noted that	14
of human neutralizing	14
predictors of mers	14
load with severe	14
contact with infected	14
cell entry of	14
and the virus	14
and pathogenesis of	14
for the public	14
a cause of	14
and implementation of	14
antibodies have been	14
an intensive care	14
samples were tested	14
were used as	14
the transfer of	14
early stage of	14
been described in	14
prevalence of antibody	14
transmission to humans	14
cases reported to	14
in tg mice	14
the potential of	14
could be used	14
mice in the	14
is a new	14
activation of the	14
seem to be	14
nasal and throat	14
the czech republic	14
in the vaccinated	14
with severe pneumonia	14
no conflict of	14
clinical symptoms of	14
direct or indirect	14
emergence of middle	14
cov infection among	14
should be noted	14
guidance for the	14
worker and family	14
cov cases reported	14
the dpp receptor	14
symptom onset to	14
higher than the	14
the gene source	14
in type i	14
much higher than	14
coronavirus using microneutralisation	14
virus neutralisation assays	14
from immigration to	14
a source of	14
many of these	14
reported cases of	14
saudi arabia clinical	14
epidemiological and clinical	14
polyprotein precursor of	14
to control the	14
two of the	14
duration of the	14
neutralisation assays reveal	14
was identified as	14
be found in	14
gene source of	14
with a median	14
novel coronavirus associated	14
reveal a high	14
pseudoparticle virus neutralisation	14
of higher mers	14
total of cases	14
result of the	14
immune responses to	14
sequences of the	14
detection of middle	14
species restriction of	14
virus load with	14
and saudi arabia	14
host cell entry	14
for the mers	14
of infected patients	14
and pseudoparticle virus	14
of patients and	14
and orf b	14
more than of	14
immigration to illness	14
continue to be	14
but it is	14
of mechanical ventilation	14
in the netherlands	14
lower than that	14
middle east area	14
in south and	14
microneutralisation and pseudoparticle	14
not included in	14
through its receptor	14
southern part of	14
coronavirus spike glycoprotein	14
at that time	14
valley fever virus	14
from to days	14
neutralization of mers	14
the emergence and	14
at the university	14
the near future	14
united states and	14
of the volga	14
coronaviruses in the	14
beginning of the	14
at the beginning	14
management of patients	14
assays reveal a	14
with more than	14
the time from	14
alpha b and	14
with a single	14
global alert and	14
transmit the virus	14
of the extent	14
infection have been	14
the bunyaviridae family	14
influenza virus in	14
cells and macrophages	14
a prospective study	14
of the final	14
be used as	14
upe and orf	14
week of illness	14
ranging from to	14
majority of the	14
a b and	14
in relation to	14
of contact with	14
inhibition of middle	14
case in china	14
nasal swab specimens	14
has been detected	14
was reported to	14
contribute to the	14
especially in the	14
the appearance of	14
use of the	14
analysis showed that	14
have no competing	14
epithelial cells of	14
of this article	14
that the mers	14
restriction of middle	14
coronaviruses in bats	14
avian influenza virus	14
of distribution of	14
and slaughterhouse workers	14
for more than	14
on middle east	14
animal model of	14
since the first	14
syndrome coronavirus through	14
east asian countries	14
the innate immune	14
the process of	14
fatal and nonfatal	14
this study is	14
molecular epidemiology of	14
might have been	14
cov virus load	14
in case of	14
half of the	14
assessment of mers	14
association of higher	14
also been reported	14
of the following	14
high risk for	14
in north america	14
of the animals	14
transmission of sars	14
carried out in	14
in the environment	14
the treatment group	14
cov neutralizing antibodies	14
were able to	14
reservoir of mers	14
investigation of the	14
antibody in dromedary	14
laboratory findings of	14
similar to that	14
healthcare workers with	14
memish et al	14
coronavirus through its	14
virus has been	14
third of the	14
outside the middle	14
of the sick	14
in this report	14
human transmission has	14
as in the	14
the size of	14
using microneutralisation and	14
to saudi arabia	14
seroepidemiology for mers	14
the n protein	14
most closely related	14
to human transmission	13
international license it	13
with the use	13
to be identified	13
were classified as	13
upstream of the	13
first isolated in	13
innate antiviral response	13
as soon as	13
infection and the	13
in in the	13
of the incubation	13
and hong kong	13
the cases were	13
mediated by the	13
history of travel	13
in western siberia	13
is caused by	13
of three segments	13
isolation of influenza	13
under different environmental	13
exposure to a	13
in camels in	13
is responsible for	13
pathogenesis of sars	13
h n strain	13
in humans and	13
analysis was performed	13
of icu admission	13
of severe respiratory	13
and viral shedding	13
in the viral	13
circulation of mers	13
cov infection are	13
is supported by	13
reverse transcription polymerase	13
africa and the	13
this is in	13
to a lesser	13
on day post	13
wit et al	13
genbank accession number	13
the final manuscript	13
studies have shown	13
in humans in	13
in the second	13
protective immunity against	13
fever with renal	13
comparison of the	13
protein of the	13
their healthcare worker	13
science and technology	13
and lack of	13
common pipistrelle bat	13
saudi arabia during	13
south korea in	13
respiratory syndrome coronaviruses	13
of humans and	13
ninth report of	13
evaluation of the	13
in another study	13
were defined as	13
size of the	13
to identify the	13
the early stage	13
antibodies to the	13
among healthcare personnel	13
of type i	13
different environmental conditions	13
global public health	13
for many years	13
license it is	13
tropism of mers	13
in more than	13
defined as a	13
used for the	13
cases from the	13
high degree of	13
hospital patients and	13
of the reported	13
respiratory syndrome and	13
alveolar epithelial cells	13
of the countries	13
european centre for	13
netherland dwarf rabbits	13
for a long	13
shown in fig	13
this is a	13
at least two	13
the germ warfare	13
the percentage of	13
from an african	13
was first detected	13
the levels of	13
the list of	13
under a author	13
early in the	13
publicly available data	13
with renal syndrome	13
with mers patients	13
emerging middle east	13
global health security	13
three segments of	13
the practice of	13
of the korean	13
with ribavirin and	13
the exception of	13
viruses related to	13
the most likely	13
and their healthcare	13
infection in hospital	13
high proportion of	13
source of the	13
in china and	13
susceptibility to infection	13
be related to	13
in hospital patients	13
this may be	13
travel history to	13
does not result	13
antibodies were found	13
of a transgenic	13
from may to	13
coronavirus oc antigen	13
a novel betacoronavirus	13
transcriptase polymerase chain	13
a broad spectrum	13
on the surface	13
for disease prevention	13
of antibodies to	13
to mers coronavirus	13
patients with the	13
to an intensive	13
the range of	13
associated with high	13
the sera of	13
a author funder	13
de wit et	13
is characterized by	13
coronavirus and the	13
to be associated	13
factors for transmission	13
emerg infect dis	13
with the mers	13
mouse hepatitis virus	13
with regard to	13
by an infected	13
with that of	13
effect of the	13
world war ii	13
it is made	13
belongs to the	13
the development and	13
of the index	13
broad spectrum of	13
the new coronavirus	13
coronavirus in al	13
transmission and evolution	13
and healthcare workers	13
of coronaviruses in	13
infection caused by	13
are shown in	13
because of its	13
it is likely	13
included in this	13
loads in the	13
a large outbreak	13
avian influenza viruses	13
of food poisoning	13
it was found	13
should also be	13
the risks of	13
admitted to an	13
with severe respiratory	13
an african bat	13
an increase in	13
of proinflammatory cytokines	13
serological study middle	13
serve as a	13
cov infections have	13
is not known	13
is made available	13
a phase i	13
the capacity to	13
impact on the	13
and avian coronaviruses	13
screening for middle	13
descriptive study middle	13
time from immigration	13
large numbers of	13
reusken et al	13
available under a	13
detection of viral	13
presence of viral	13
is necessary to	13
coronavirus in bat	13
and other mammals	13
of infection and	13
of the current	13
and prevention of	13
of mers cov	13
the patient had	13
binding domain in	13
transmission in healthcare	13
of ribavirin and	13
in this article	13
at room temperature	13
and human coronavirus	13
management of mers	13
the immune response	13
nature of the	13
further studies are	13
cov cases in	13
under the control	13
an update on	13
the dynamics of	13
in southern china	13
camels to humans	13
on day p	13
damage in human	13
in vitro activity	13
human coronavirus e	13
middle eastern countries	13
natural reservoir of	13
confirmed case of	13
virus replication and	13
in a tertiary	13
isolated from bats	13
better understanding of	13
relative of human	13
higher risk of	13
has been identified	13
humans and dromedary	13
presentation and outcomes	13
summarized in table	13
syndrome coronavirus during	13
for mers patients	13
made available under	13
the diagnosis of	13
replication of middle	13
of common marmosets	13
coronavirus infection middle	13
this work was	13
that dromedary camels	13
treatment of patients	13
influenza viruses in	13
as one of	13
was higher than	13
cov vaccine candidates	13
are able to	13
approved the final	13
coronavirus in patients	13
from infected camels	12
of a conspecific	12
reported from saudi	12
syndrome coronavirus fusion	12
neutralising antibodies in	12
urgent need for	12
in the summer	12
is no evidence	12
the emerging middle	12
isolation of the	12
is part of	12
of the common	12
majority of cases	12
when compared to	12
recommended by the	12
camels as a	12
were determined by	12
found to have	12
and development of	12
have to be	12
therapeutic efficacy of	12
type i ifn	12
in the control	12
a large tertiary	12
virological and serological	12
the mechanism of	12
mild or asymptomatic	12
molecular basis of	12
a case fatality	12
the viral genome	12
associated with increased	12
control of the	12
symptom onset and	12
wide range of	12
of the ussr	12
territory of the	12
coronavirus by characterization	12
leading to the	12
collection of viruses	12
exposed to the	12
and can be	12
r d blueprint	12
are the natural	12
genetic analysis of	12
human coronavirus by	12
bind to the	12
of transmission is	12
was first identified	12
associated with mortality	12
in the other	12
consists of three	12
the causative agent	12
infection during the	12
human security is	12
subunit of the	12
an outbreak in	12
implementation of infection	12
in camels and	12
by the novel	12
and control guidelines	12
a conspecific virus	12
in the literature	12
of tg mice	12
is also a	12
of the clinical	12
for transmission of	12
diseases such as	12
which may be	12
and interpreted data	12
proinflammatory cytokines and	12
therapy for mers	12
identification of the	12
humoral and cellular	12
the incidence of	12
during the sars	12
antibodies against the	12
low levels of	12
line with the	12
were approved by	12
revision of the	12
syndrome coronavirus as	12
europe and the	12
mice treated with	12
sabir et al	12
the nature of	12
of the region	12
for infection control	12
asymptomatic or mildly	12
the study and	12
icu admission and	12
effect on the	12
of healthcare workers	12
treatment of severe	12
in a total	12
syndrome in children	12
significant differences in	12
of health care	12
with the highest	12
neutralizing antibody titers	12
update and risk	12
and the second	12
antibodies in mice	12
was obtained from	12
transfer of the	12
in the sera	12
in the air	12
considered as a	12
insights into the	12
host immune response	12
implication for developing	12
mers patients in	12
coronaviruses as the	12
by cyclosporin a	12
in most of	12
the age of	12
indicates that the	12
and guidance for	12
infection in dialysis	12
summary of current	12
of the southern	12
factors such as	12
receptor for mers	12
lead to the	12
a public health	12
may be used	12
interim case definition	12
food and drug	12
from bats and	12
animals in the	12
reported to have	12
estimated to be	12
nile virus in	12
and ii pneumocytes	12
are presented in	12
by using a	12
for reporting to	12
viruses such as	12
open reading frames	12
to severe pneumonia	12
neutralizing antibodies were	12
investigation of mers	12
rooting the phylogenetic	12
considered statistically significant	12
there are many	12
or in the	12
expression in the	12
of a patient	12
by characterization of	12
south of the	12
and its receptor	12
transmission characteristics of	12
mortality in mers	12
a more detailed	12
suggests that the	12
virus from an	12
be divided into	12
in the volga	12
human and camel	12
lack of mers	12
results showed that	12
state collection of	12
important for the	12
due to a	12
known about the	12
evidence of middle	12
animals and humans	12
in other words	12
viruses and viral	12
evidence of person	12
little is known	12
infection in south	12
of a human	12
among camels in	12
tg mice showed	12
this type of	12
studies showed that	12
the purpose of	12
infected with middle	12