bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
respiratory syndrome	3673
middle east	3605
east respiratory	3197
syndrome coronavirus	2714
saudi arabia	1078
cov infection	1042
acute respiratory	687
dromedary camels	652
coronavirus infection	529
severe acute	523
south korea	393
respiratory tract	375
mers coronavirus	312
novel coronavirus	311
spike protein	259
risk factors	253
health care	229
human coronavirus	228
public health	225
infection control	210
viral rna	201
cov cases	197
human transmission	191
world health	189
infectious diseases	188
health organization	181
neutralizing antibodies	178
confirmed cases	178
healthcare workers	170
human security	166
united states	152
arabian peninsula	149
cov infections	148
coronavirus infections	148
tg mice	148
lower respiratory	147
mers patients	142
cord uid	141
doc id	141
incubation period	140
dipeptidyl peptidase	136
confirmed mers	133
animal models	133
mouse model	132
hemorrhagic fever	129
upper respiratory	127
binding domain	122
rhesus macaques	122
immune response	122
cov outbreak	121
hong kong	121
clinical features	119
respiratory disease	117
mers cases	114
infectious virus	112
novel human	110
east asia	109
respiratory illness	109
dromedary camel	107
fatality rate	107
sars coronavirus	107
clinical characteristics	107
hospital outbreak	105
symptom onset	105
intensive care	104
respiratory distress	103
control measures	103
closely related	102
united arab	102
arab emirates	101
food safety	101
cov transmission	101
immune responses	100
infectious disease	98
infected patients	98
type i	98
influenza virus	97
critically ill	97
infection prevention	97
epithelial cells	96
respiratory failure	95
viral load	95
severe respiratory	95
viral shedding	94
bronze age	94
coronavirus disease	93
cov patients	93
cov spike	93
distress syndrome	91
arabia middle	91
cov rna	90
systematic review	90
ill patients	89
cov antibodies	88
respiratory symptoms	87
human infection	87
mers outbreak	86
virus infection	86
emerging infectious	85
severe disease	84
chain reaction	83
borne encephalitis	83
east asian	82
avian influenza	82
monoclonal antibodies	80
polymerase chain	80
disease control	79
case fatality	79
mortality rate	78
amino acid	78
monoclonal antibody	77
care workers	76
west nile	76
mers cov	76
mechanical ventilation	75
convalescent plasma	75
ebola virus	74
human cases	74
secondary cases	74
innate immune	74
respiratory infections	73
fever virus	73
descriptive study	73
serum samples	73
clinical trials	73
phylogenetic analysis	73
transgenic mice	72
healthcare settings	70
family cluster	70
emergency room	69
natural foci	69
congo hemorrhagic	69
household contacts	68
close contact	67
viral replication	67
coronavirus spike	67
case definition	66
time reverse	66
within days	65
nosocomial transmission	65
neutralizing antibody	65
vaccine candidates	65
care facilities	65
encephalitis virus	65
coronavirus hku	64
cases reported	64
weight loss	62
coronavirus replication	61
influenza viruses	60
serological study	60
imported case	60
human coronaviruses	59
coronavirus middle	59
cell lines	59
mycophenolic acid	59
healthcare worker	58
middle eastern	58
cell culture	58
care unit	58
common marmoset	58
direct contact	58
viral infection	58
animal model	58
hospitalized patients	58
specific antibodies	57
respiratory viruses	57
infected camels	57
viral loads	57
highly pathogenic	57
cov replication	57
two cases	56
epi isl	55
healthcare facilities	55
human mers	55
nucleocapsid protein	55
suspected cases	54
index case	54
nile virus	54
cov case	54
illness onset	54
clinical course	54
northern eurasia	53
respiratory infection	53
common marmosets	53
lopinavir ritonavir	53
renal failure	53
severe pneumonia	53
previous studies	53
clinical signs	53
severe mers	52
patients infected	52
previously described	52
cohort study	52
statistically significant	51
food poisoning	51
bat coronavirus	51
cov infected	50
may also	50
human monoclonal	50
nasal swabs	50
functional receptor	50
southeast asia	50
high risk	50
study middle	49
spike glycoprotein	49
far east	49
data collection	49
outbreak investigation	48
receptor binding	47
reverse transcription	47
bat coronaviruses	47
wild birds	47
human dpp	46
experimental infection	46
laboratory testing	46
emerging human	45
tract infection	45
reported cases	45
human infections	45
abu dhabi	45
korean outbreak	44
viral infections	44
structural proteins	44
clinical symptoms	44
infection rate	44
among healthcare	43
vero cells	43
large number	43
significantly higher	43
transmission dynamics	43
host cell	43
life insurance	43
virus strains	43
case patients	43
cell entry	43
clinical presentation	42
cov vaccine	42
contact tracing	42
serum antibodies	42
based vaccine	42
nosocomial outbreaks	42
human respiratory	42
risk factor	42
associated coronavirus	42
retrospective cohort	42
strains isolated	41
human betacoronavirus	41
coronavirus mers	41
neutralizing monoclonal	41
experimentally infected	41
mycophenolate mofetil	41
predictive factors	41
high mortality	41
control study	41
coronavirus associated	40
infection among	40
hospital outbreaks	40
personal protective	40
like protease	40
rna viruses	40
close contacts	40
corona virus	40
recovery delay	40
fruit bat	40
global health	40
complete genome	40
high prevalence	39
fi rst	39
present study	39
amino acids	39
first case	39
tested positive	39
genome sequence	39
improves outcome	39
retrospective study	39
suspected mers	39
interferon alfa	39
antibody response	39
dialysis patients	38
observational study	38
healthcare personnel	38
vertebrate hosts	37
imported cases	37
human disease	37
human population	37
south korean	37
one study	37
virus disease	37
coronavirus oc	37
protective equipment	37
disease severity	37
respiratory samples	37
laboratory findings	37
bubonic plague	37
neutralising antibodies	37
median age	37
associated outbreak	36
zoonotic transmission	36
mva mers	36
infected animals	36
near east	36
japanese encephalitis	36
older age	36
converting enzyme	36
immune system	36
arthropod vectors	36
tertiary care	36
comparative serological	36
confirmed case	36
performed using	36
disease outbreak	36
sporadic cases	35
united nations	35
clinical aspects	35
icu admission	35
therapeutic options	35
jamaican fruit	35
fruit bats	35
vaccinia virus	35
even though	35
family members	35
open reading	35
infected mice	35
asymptomatic cases	35
united kingdom	35
increased risk	35
north america	34
cov virus	34
cellular immune	34
clinical outcomes	34
chikungunya virus	34
vaccine development	34
human neutralizing	34
laboratory confirmation	34
cov antigen	34
phylogenetic tree	34
chadox mers	34
clinical trial	34
first imported	34
days post	33
lung disease	33
gastrointestinal symptoms	33
travel history	33
reported mers	33
mers coronaviruses	33
insurance companies	33
gene expression	33
fatal cases	33
coronavirus transmission	33
western siberia	33
study design	33
membrane fusion	33
data gaps	33
coronavirus neutralising	33
nonhuman primates	33
virus replication	33
healthcare setting	33
protective efficacy	32
authors declare	32
neutralising serum	32
clinical manifestations	32
infect dis	32
tissue culture	32
risk assessment	32
case report	32
rift valley	32
person transmission	32
coronavirus receptor	32
slaughterhouse workers	32
type ii	32
astrakhan region	32
prediction model	31
mortality rates	31
interstitial pneumonia	31
high levels	31
genetic diversity	31
eastern respiratory	31
mouse models	31
coronavirus outbreak	31
patients received	31
coronavirus pneumonia	31
acute renal	31
pcr testing	31
respiratory coronavirus	31
camels middle	31
insurance market	31
total number	31
severe cases	31
transcription polymerase	31
ticks collected	31
domestic animals	31
syndrome outbreak	31
cov strains	31
bronchial epithelial	30
dna vaccine	30
another study	30
animal species	30
sars outbreak	30
care hospital	30
symptomatic cases	30
antibody responses	30
severe middle	30
case reports	30
tract infections	30
logistic regression	30
clinical management	30
cell line	30
medical center	30
international catalogue	30
diabetes mellitus	29
pneumonia development	29
inflammatory cells	29
clinical description	29
coronavirus vaccine	29
arabia mers	29
viral respiratory	29
single patient	29
organ failure	29
human dipeptidyl	29
alveolar damage	29
based vaccines	29
fatal case	29
spreading events	29
affected countries	29
transgenic mouse	29
modified vaccinia	29
respiratory specimens	29
new coronavirus	29
cov rbd	29
infectious bronchitis	29
virus infections	28
tract samples	28
old tg	28
accessory proteins	28
primorsky krai	28
genetic characterization	28
antiviral activity	28
control practices	28
natural reservoir	28
protective immunity	28
medical conditions	28
genomic characterization	28
saudi ministry	28
korea middle	28
bovine coronavirus	28
tcid ml	28
health authorities	28
described previously	28
animal reservoir	28
high viral	28
emergency department	28
mers infection	28
supportive care	28
human middle	28
lung injury	28
camel contact	28
day post	28
respiratory diseases	28
dis doi	27
patients admitted	27
cov epidemic	27
competing interests	27
biosafety level	27
better understand	27
interferon therapy	27
mildly symptomatic	27
antiviral agents	27
coronavirus antibodies	27
generating procedures	27
geographic distribution	27
virological analysis	27
coronavirus emc	27
outbreak news	27
throat swabs	27
phase i	27
first reported	27
years old	27
genome sequences	27
nasal swab	27
camel mers	27
food security	27
contact investigation	27
acquired pneumonia	27
related viruses	27
mers case	27
coronavirus neutralizing	27
potential risk	27
available data	27
hospital transmission	27
germ warfare	26
asymptomatic infection	26
days prior	26
viral titers	26
camel herd	26
cov causes	26
virus isolation	26
first isolated	26
volga delta	26
postexposure efficacy	26
high level	26
case series	26
virus transmission	26
current situation	26
clinical data	26
hajj pilgrims	26
cov vaccines	26
asian countries	26
acute kidney	26
high fatality	26
mers outbreaks	26
virus ankara	26
mean age	26
new zealand	25
mg ml	25
nasal discharge	25
lung tissue	25
nervous system	25
animal health	25
care settings	25
study showed	25
two groups	25
livestock species	25
renal replacement	25
primate model	25
host species	25
international committee	25
emerging pathogens	25
emerging coronaviruses	25
strain leiv	25
lung pathology	25
cov challenge	25
valley fever	25
cell responses	25
hand hygiene	25
fi gure	25
factors associated	25
i interferon	25
among patients	25
cause severe	25
camel milk	25
foodborne disease	25
genome sequencing	25
multiorgan failure	24
investigation team	24
virus shedding	24
confi rmed	24
food handlers	24
recent study	24
virus excretion	24
ii pneumocytes	24
including deaths	24
host cells	24
results suggest	24
replacement therapy	24
bat species	24
healthcare facility	24
new virus	24
time pcr	24
primary cases	24
antiviral therapy	24
caspian sea	24
respiratory syncytial	24
borne viruses	24
stranded rna	24
viral entry	24
plaque reduction	24
haemorrhagic fever	24
center experience	24
early stage	24
combination therapy	23
inhibits mers	23
endothelial cells	23
clinical specimens	23
indirect contact	23
viral genome	23
canary islands	23
newly discovered	23
creative commons	23
polyprotein precursor	23
major livestock	23
control groups	23
reproduction number	23
viruses isolated	23
camel sera	23
general population	23
transmission within	23
medical care	23
cell cultures	23
reading frame	23
median time	23
central asia	23
viral antigen	23
virus isolated	23
kidney injury	23
primary middle	23
syncytial virus	23
much higher	23
epidemiological investigation	23
illness caused	23
chest pain	22
infected rhesus	22
epidemiological data	22
time series	22
family contacts	22
subunit vaccine	22
confidence interval	22
transmission among	22
bl mice	22
host factors	22
inflammatory cytokines	22
nonstructural proteins	22
virus neutralisation	22
rna virus	22
insectivorous bats	22
ce serocomplex	22
target cells	22
human airway	22
viral diagnosis	22
tested negative	22
severe illness	22
critical care	22
animal studies	22
syndrome middle	22
significant differences	22
important role	22
healthcare systems	22
spike gene	22
cov pathogenesis	22
vaccine candidate	22
ixodidae ticks	22
domestic livestock	22
coronavirus causes	22
diff erent	22
also known	22
discovered coronavirus	22
eastern mediterranean	21
tracheal aspirates	21
literature update	21
cov neutralizing	21
sea peoples	21
ribavirin improves	21
based study	21
genomic rna	21
first mers	21
mice showed	21
treatment options	21
small number	21
rna polymerase	21
social media	21
medical countermeasures	21
genbank accession	21
asymptomatic mers	21
membrane oxygenation	21
one patient	21
spectrum antiviral	21
associated outbreaks	21
protease inhibitors	21
potent neutralization	21
bronchitis virus	21
swab samples	21
identifi ed	21
molecular epidemiology	21
medical records	21
comparative analysis	21
several studies	21
nonhuman primate	21
pregnant women	21
also found	21
interferon beta	21
study group	21
mortality risk	21
vitro studies	21
tahyna virus	21
tg mouse	21
samples collected	21
hdpp transgenic	21
bronchoalveolar lavage	21
like viruses	21
coronavirus species	21
korea outbreak	21
renal disease	21
also reported	21
least one	21
fatality rates	21
investigation middle	20
asian tigers	20
human primates	20
affected region	20
bhanja virus	20
camel coronavirus	20
single dose	20
related patients	20
higher risk	20
virus entry	20
environmental conditions	20
high case	20
dpp receptor	20
causes lethal	20
coronavirus seroprevalence	20
operating room	20
two mers	20
cov outbreaks	20
novel middle	20
pegylated interferon	20
review board	20
times higher	20
although mers	20
envelope protein	20
negative pressure	20
mers patient	20
new york	20
reduces virus	20
african countries	20
virus taxonomy	20
vaccine reduces	20
etiological agent	20
electron microscopy	20
institutional review	20
mers vaccines	20
serologic testing	20
heart disease	20
three camel	20
sars patients	20
virus load	20
copyright holder	20
one health	20
crystal structure	20
infected patient	20
viral spike	20
pipistrellus bat	20
previously reported	20
median incubation	19
reverse transcriptase	19
interim guidance	19
central nervous	19
healthcare system	19
pcr assay	19
unrecognized asymptomatic	19
infections among	19
lymph nodes	19
diffuse alveolar	19
coronavirus using	19
two patients	19
time rt	19
southeastern asia	19
patient exposure	19
descriptive genomic	19
pediatric patients	19
different countries	19
nipah virus	19
rhesus macaque	19
extracorporeal membrane	19
underlying medical	19
dpp expression	19
survival rates	19
transient lower	19
attack rate	19
primary human	19
european countries	19
serological evidence	19
mice infected	19
cov among	19
coronavirus among	19
camels mers	19
ultrastructural findings	19
old man	19
respiratory secretions	19
sore throat	19
common pipistrelle	19
human beings	19
pcr assays	19
coronavirus illness	19
publicly available	19
pandemic influenza	19
cov shedding	19
genomic study	19
sandfly fever	19
avian coronaviruses	19
vaccinated group	19
among camels	19
human covs	19
horseshoe bats	19
betacoronavirus lineage	19
human antibodies	18
among humans	18
instillation group	18
syndrome corona	18
disease prevention	18
potential conflicts	18
index patient	18
developing countries	18
like virus	18
late bronze	18
treatment group	18
inoculated dromedary	18
respiratory pathogens	18
nasopharyngeal swabs	18
pandemic potential	18
among children	18
serocomplex viruses	18
urgently needed	18
see note	18
associated middle	18
first cases	18
relatively low	18
tract specimens	18
body temperature	18
full genome	18
dengue virus	18
antibody titers	18
spike proteins	18
whole genome	18
acute middle	18
infectious peritonitis	18
higher viral	18
host proteases	18
ct values	18
environmental contamination	18
prospective study	18
post inoculation	18
like particles	18
clinical studies	18
likely unrecognized	18
better understanding	18
studies showed	18
health response	18
sequence analysis	18
three years	18
comparative study	18
nairovirus genus	18
human rights	18
body weight	18
medical city	18
viral proteins	18
infections related	18
mild case	18
attack rates	18
abdominal pain	18
fully human	18
uukuniemi virus	17
dpp binding	17
terminal domain	17
cov antibody	17
two different	17
fusion protein	17
pathological changes	17
previous reports	17
russian plain	17
early stages	17
protein induces	17
room temperature	17
rapid generation	17
european part	17
close relative	17
significantly lower	17
transmission routes	17
chikungunya fever	17
serological testing	17
cov sequences	17
mouse dpp	17
south africa	17
cov activity	17
pathogenic avian	17
mg kg	17
among different	17
cov genome	17
subunit vaccines	17
ex vivo	17
cov seropositivity	17
cases may	17
inhibit mers	17
among dromedary	17
study mers	17
secondary transmission	17
genus betacoronavirus	17
index cases	17
limited number	17
linked immunosorbent	17
studies reported	17
egyptian fruit	17
intestinal tract	17
diagnostic tests	17
treat middle	17
risk prediction	17
hittite empire	17
pandemic risk	17
viral diseases	17
exposed patients	17
lethal pneumonia	17
nucleic acid	17
odds ratio	17
surveillance systems	17
genome analysis	17
study period	17
bat origin	17
nosocomial outbreak	17
disease surveillance	17
many countries	17
humanized mouse	17
eastern countries	17
feline infectious	17
infected individuals	17
first detected	17
uukuniemi group	17
length genome	17
infected dromedary	17
challenged mice	17
cov viral	17
epidemic potential	17
therapeutic agents	17
saudi arabian	17
large outbreak	17
cov strain	17
emc strain	17
viral titer	17
cases among	17
central europe	17
iu ml	17
swab specimens	17
study clinical	17
control group	16
remains unclear	16
human isolates	16
hospital patients	16
clinical presentations	16
airborne transmission	16
large outbreaks	16
symptomatic patients	16
heptad repeat	16
lactate dehydrogenase	16
sequence identity	16
made available	16
higher mers	16
intranasal inoculation	16
preventive measures	16
five patients	16
control guidelines	16
pcr tests	16
syncytial cells	16
lung tissues	16
included studies	16
bunyaviridae family	16
patients may	16
negative control	16
omsk hemorrhagic	16
plasma therapy	16
antiviral response	16
specific antiviral	16
measles virus	16
low levels	16
neutralization test	16
mass gatherings	16
molecular basis	16
fatal mers	16
supplementary material	16
samsung medical	16
first confirmed	16
first identified	16
positive results	16
neighboring countries	16
live virus	16
aerosol group	16
sample size	16
coronavirus study	16
pipistrelle bat	16
two strains	16
accession number	16
cov emc	16
broad spectrum	16
treatment strategies	16
air travel	16
camel population	16
outbreak study	16
zoonotic origin	16
randomized controlled	16
million people	16
alveolar macrophages	16
neutralisation assays	16
respiratory virus	16
vitro activity	16
outbreak outside	16
supplementary table	16
dhabi emirate	16
lethal disease	16
bactrian camels	16
mouse hepatitis	16
septic shock	16
camel herds	16
statistical analyses	16
phylogenetic analyses	16
dendritic cells	16
market workers	16
antiviral treatment	16
results showed	16
related deaths	16
infectious agents	16
eastern europe	16
nucleotide sequence	16
relatively high	16
causes transient	16
long time	16
mild respiratory	16
continuous variables	16
retrospective studies	16
proinflammatory cytokines	16
global alert	16
natural reservoirs	16
international license	16
antiviral drugs	16
significant difference	16
acid sequence	16
causative agent	15
two studies	15
reservoir host	15
world war	15
novel humanized	15
nasopharyngeal swab	15
southern part	15
cov spread	15
live mers	15
will help	15
genetic analysis	15
rapid response	15
fusion inhibitor	15
viral transmission	15
mild symptoms	15
severe lung	15
growth rate	15
positive control	15
referral hospital	15
epidemiological link	15
day mortality	15
candidate vaccine	15
copies ml	15
exceptionally potent	15
patient contact	15
sars cov	15
climate change	15
sialic acid	15
getah virus	15
ivanovsky institute	15
life cycle	15
korean society	15
nonstructural protein	15
controlled trial	15
innate antiviral	15
epidemiological characteristics	15
plaque assay	15
species restriction	15
cov may	15
polyclonal antibodies	15
study reported	15
nonfatal cases	15
cov population	15
transmission potential	15
spectrum antivirals	15
emerging novel	15
data analysis	15
old male	15
aspartate aminotransferase	15
infected cells	15
wild animals	15
near future	15
risk countries	15
isolation room	15
originally isolated	15
epidemiological analysis	15
including sars	15
phase ii	15
prospective descriptive	15
cov isolates	15
nasal turbinates	15
inflammatory cell	15
immunosorbent assay	15
community acquired	15
dna vaccines	15
novel betacoronavirus	15
final manuscript	15
infection caused	15
recombinant receptor	15
camel populations	15
analysis showed	15
infection middle	15
large numbers	15
epidemiological findings	15
protein microarray	15
coronavirus genome	15
foodborne illnesses	15
infection clinical	15
differential diagnosis	15
much lower	15
southern china	15
tohuman transmission	15
commons license	15
eastern siberia	15
small animal	15
czech republic	15
emerging coronavirus	15
granted medrxiv	15
analysis based	15
severely ill	15
author funder	15
foodborne illness	15
febrile illness	15
current knowledge	15
study also	15
bat sars	15
risk posed	15
epidemiological outbreak	15
serologic evidence	15
staphylococcus aureus	15
outbreak following	15
human cells	15
health department	15
pseudotyped mers	15
buffered saline	15
blood donors	15
adaptive evolution	15
rectal swabs	15
adenosine deaminase	15
pseudoparticle virus	15
interhuman transmissibility	15
specific human	15
several limitations	15
retrospective investigation	15
whether mers	14
chest radiographs	14
occupational exposure	14
secondary infections	14
day survival	14
viral challenge	14
east area	14
triple combination	14
renal syndrome	14
signifi cant	14
risk close	14
underlying diseases	14
emergency departments	14
com scientificreports	14
health security	14
case studies	14
cell infiltration	14
assays reveal	14
one case	14
viral species	14
sars epidemic	14
mosquitoes collected	14
small intestine	14
virus circulation	14
currently available	14
also detected	14
acute lung	14
organ damage	14
three days	14
animal care	14
cov receptor	14
new world	14
causes severe	14
antiviral regimen	14
major outbreak	14
cell membrane	14
coronavirus antibody	14
respiratory viral	14
using microneutralisation	14
one strain	14
global spread	14
genetic recombination	14
infectious mers	14
uriae ticks	14
alveolar epithelial	14
peptidase iv	14
early detection	14
emerging respiratory	14
test results	14
early diagnosis	14
key role	14
first time	14
cov neutralising	14
gene source	14
membrane protein	14
age groups	14
sectional study	14
sense rna	14
protein expression	14
disease associated	14
financial support	14
respiratory droplets	14
naturally infected	14
swine influenza	14
fatal outcome	14
multiple organ	14
results indicate	14
global public	14
airborne precautions	14
emerging infection	14
statistical analysis	14
passive immunotherapy	14
king abdulaziz	14
intermediate host	14
igg antibodies	14
insurance markets	14
like disease	14
three segments	14
different environmental	14
pneumonia patients	14
including mers	14
male sex	14
contaminated food	14
hospital admission	14
sri lanka	14
receptor cd	14
tissue tropism	14
russian federation	14
prototypical strain	14
transmissible gastroenteritis	14
endoplasmic reticulum	14
arabia clinical	14
transmission characteristics	14
per year	14
also showed	14
infected people	14
pilgrims returning	14
urgent need	13
lymph node	13
two decades	13
two years	13
comparator group	13
literature review	13
murine coronavirus	13
combination antiviral	13
interferon alpha	13
nasal secretions	13
human primate	13
infection isolation	13
severe clinical	13
economic growth	13
transmission chains	13
oc antigen	13
family bunyaviridae	13
ct value	13
globally reported	13
emerging middle	13
international spread	13
referral center	13
high degree	13
initial rrt	13
infect humans	13
syndrome coronaviruses	13
emerg infect	13
virus isolates	13
artibeus jamaicensis	13
top eight	13
antiviral compounds	13
hepatitis virus	13
first patient	13
viruses among	13
human populations	13
corticosteroid therapy	13
potential therapeutic	13
bovine serum	13
mild upper	13
calculated using	13
mucosal immunity	13
international health	13
different regions	13
kidney disease	13
camelus dromedaries	13
droplet precautions	13
two viruses	13
lesser extent	13
surveillance biases	13
air force	13
national institute	13
macaque model	13
marburg virus	13
host immune	13
orf ab	13
blood pressure	13
asymptomatic infections	13
like coronavirus	13
cytopathic effects	13
specific anti	13
laboratory confirmed	13
clinical outcome	13
acute pneumonia	13
disease progression	13
standard deviation	13
cov inoculation	13
least two	13
rna genome	13
arboviral zoonoses	13
burkina faso	13
enhanced ppe	13
among hcws	13
food production	13
cell response	13
camel exposures	13
european centre	13
type smallpox	13
viral pathogenesis	13
outbreak hospital	13
netherland dwarf	13
infection may	13
borne phleboviruses	13
case study	13
viral antigens	13
coronavirus nl	13
positive cases	13
transmission events	13
cov remains	13
highest risk	13
ninth report	13
iron age	13
among pilgrims	13
tissue samples	13
african bat	13
river delta	13
organ cultures	13
like coronaviruses	13
camelus dromedarius	13
accessory protein	13
serological analysis	13
many years	13
human lungs	13
treatment outcomes	13
data suggest	13
dwarf rabbits	13
tickborne encephalitis	13
sick men	13
war ii	13
hdpp expression	13
human cell	13
transcriptase polymerase	13
coronavirus rna	13
palm civets	13
potential mers	13
communicable diseases	13
first two	13
high proportion	13
viruses related	13
novel viruses	13
mg dl	13
viral particles	13
retrospective analysis	13
pcr results	13
previous study	13
hyalomma marginatum	13
graphpad prism	13
north africa	13
therapeutic efficacy	13
data show	13
east africa	13
cycle threshold	13
tylonycteris bat	13
mice treated	13
reading frames	13
fully understood	13
reported case	13
antigenic relationships	13
low level	13
powassan virus	13
prior probability	13
transmission occurred	12
genus nairovirus	12
rate among	12
breath samples	12
specific igg	12
animal experiments	12
doctor shopping	12
years later	12
imported middle	12
lung lesions	12
cov genomes	12
health regulations	12
betacoronavirus causing	12
considered statistically	12
common symptoms	12
general hospital	12
death among	12
high latitudes	12
feline coronavirus	12
female ratio	12
medrxiv preprint	12
days later	12
korea mers	12
clinical disease	12
chronic lung	12
human isolate	12
quality assessment	12
among imported	12
viral pathogens	12
vasopressor therapy	12
interpreted data	12
protein rbd	12
mild disease	12
underlying disease	12
short time	12
insurance products	12
north korea	12
epithelial cell	12
pediatric cases	12
respiratory illnesses	12
additional file	12
studies suggest	12
cov antigens	12
recent years	12
underlying comorbidities	12
clinical practice	12
human receptor	12
widespread infection	12
interim case	12
take place	12
serological studies	12
demographic characteristics	12
envelope glycoproteins	12
years ago	12
highly immunogenic	12
african mers	12
humanized neutralizing	12
california encephalitis	12
several days	12
common cold	12
geographical distribution	12
reduction neutralization	12
nasal cavity	12
medical research	12
demographic data	12
cov jordan	12
adaptive immune	12
human bronchial	12
syndrome clinical	12
exponential growth	12
host innate	12
biological properties	12
cov treatment	12
preliminary report	12
zealand rabbits	12
conspecific virus	12
possible cause	12
found among	12
year period	12
many cases	12
cov pcr	12
control precautions	12
beta interferon	12
induces severe	12
cov nucleocapsid	12
one hand	12
recent outbreak	12
clinical findings	12
serologic responses	12
human clinical	12
antibody levels	12
syndrome virus	12
i ifn	12
west africa	12
posterior probability	12
dry cough	12
remains unknown	12
regression analysis	12
since immigration	12
virus vaccine	12
serum sample	12
laboratory results	12
negative results	12
similar results	12
state collection	12
new arbovirus	12
protein gene	12
humoral immune	12
coronavirus fusion	12
cd monoclonal	12
may occur	12
cov detection	12
civil society	12
hdpp tg	12
fi nal	12
disease outbreaks	12
blood cell	12
severe covid	12
taken together	12
deep sequencing	12
updated information	12
among mers	12
flow cytometry	12
wide range	12
healthcare professionals	12
positive test	12
epidemiological studies	12
raw milk	12
using real	12
secondary infection	12
emergency committee	12
cleavage site	12
likely source	12
patients presenting	12
fecal samples	12
zone iv	12
operating rooms	12
influenza infection	12
acid sequences	12
emerging diseases	12
target cell	12
bat cov	12
acquired cases	12
oxygen saturation	12
underlying conditions	12
higher levels	12
insurance industry	12
study found	12
two human	12
western countries	12
coronavirus date	12
imported mers	12
khabarovsk krai	12
categorical variables	12
pregnant woman	12
large tertiary	12
korean mers	12
apache ii	12
fetal bovine	11
current study	11
also observed	11
statistical significance	11
data available	11
kul virus	11
arab middle	11
become infected	11
protective effect	11
cov diagnosis	11
viral pneumonia	11
i clinical	11
commander islands	11
east asians	11
including certain	11
single hospital	11
southern taiga	11
seasonal influenza	11
binding site	11
western part	11
time points	11
may lead	11
core domain	11
chest ct	11
coronavirus human	11
dromedary wnv	11
national health	11
glycoproteins gn	11
international severe	11
multiple generations	11
sputum samples	11
global summary	11
time point	11
cov testing	11
outbreak members	11
eight emerging	11
side effects	11
food outlets	11
sick man	11
days vs	11
social distancing	11
current status	11
volga river	11
tract tissues	11
tissue distribution	11
causing sars	11
coronavirus vaccines	11
generation time	11
recombinant modified	11
donor rabbits	11
authors read	11
ace receptor	11
signifi cantly	11
findings may	11
varying degrees	11
elevated ast	11
east region	11
without tpa	11
vaccine induces	11
blood samples	11
camels antibodies	11
health careeassociated	11
financial services	11
mice expressing	11
associated infections	11
supportive treatment	11
antibody titres	11
icu patients	11
protease inhibitor	11
randomized clinical	11
host response	11
arabia evidence	11
safe food	11
another zoonotic	11
ricinus ticks	11
molecular characterization	11
illness associated	11
congo haemorrhagic	11
largest outbreak	11
independent risk	11
limited data	11
studies using	11
final outcome	11
epidemiologic data	11
intermediate hosts	11
virus clearance	11
developed pneumonia	11
saharan africa	11
associated cases	11
molecule inhibitors	11
cov activities	11
survival rate	11
others viruses	11
table shows	11
neutralizing activity	11
etiologically linked	11
epidemiological assessment	11
three viruses	11
south america	11
cell types	11
major role	11
main operating	11
health systems	11
relative risk	11
technical meeting	11
sustained human	11
case control	11
european union	11
camel interactions	11
ixodes uriae	11
fraction yield	11
infected dromedaries	11
zoonotic betacoronavirus	11
international collaboration	11
crucial role	11
vaccines based	11
human vaccine	11
recombination events	11
cov entry	11
reduced viral	11
serum specimens	11
viral etiology	11
contact precautions	11
final version	11
also described	11
transcription pcr	11
common ancestor	11
camels may	11
animal reservoirs	11
potent inhibitors	11
pulmonary disease	11
viral excretion	11
factors related	11
landscape belts	11
case clusters	11
active surveillance	11
airway epithelium	11
well plates	11
initial outbreak	11
arbovirus isolated	11
first week	11
significantly associated	11
syrian hamsters	11
receptor dpp	11
inhibitors targeting	11
strongly inhibited	11
symptomatic mers	11
four patients	11
arboviruses including	11
coronavirus nucleocapsid	11
replication induces	11
vaccine approaches	11
cov middle	11
growth rates	11
vitro cytopathology	11
viral transport	11
related cases	11
dry ice	11
genome fraction	11
patients requiring	11
korea clinical	11
hajj pilgrimage	11
study hospital	11
nile fever	11
log reduction	11
new drug	11
air sample	11
including diabetes	11
secondary mers	11
virus spread	11
peripheral blood	11
cov patient	11
clinical picture	11
transmission risk	11
based subunit	11
genetic variation	11
disease pathogenesis	11
hae cultures	11
retrieved articles	11
dependent rna	11
cov positive	11
highest number	11
cov investigation	11
cytopathic effect	11
south east	11
russian state	11
related coronavirus	11
different mers	11
significant increase	11
crispr cas	11
two independent	11
high genetic	10
arabia reported	10
isolates revealed	10
blood products	10
overcrowded emergency	10
antibody specifically	10
immunohistochemical staining	10
emerging disease	10
nucleic acids	10
rna copies	10
virus rna	10
human health	10
israel epi	10
lower lung	10
lassa fever	10
global threat	10
published studies	10
infection tracked	10
developed mers	10
isl unitedarabemirates	10
kidney cells	10
fusion inhibitors	10
phylogenetic trees	10
neutralisation assay	10
knowledge gaps	10
state security	10
cov pandemic	10
antibody protects	10
cases occurred	10
control recommendations	10
care setting	10
study ribavirin	10
endotracheal intubation	10
recently emerged	10
argasidae ticks	10
int csr	10
isl israel	10
nosocomial mers	10
airborne infection	10
associated deaths	10
medical sciences	10
phase iii	10
multifacility outbreak	10
product development	10
specific antibody	10
findings suggest	10
multicenter retrospective	10
brain tissue	10
higher mortality	10
human polyclonal	10
cov circulation	10
private hospital	10
subclinical infection	10
signaling pathways	10
russian far	10
sat members	10
people infected	10
ppe use	10
expressing hdpp	10
analysis using	10
pcr positive	10
humans middle	10
environmental samples	10
developed fever	10
health implications	10
disease emergence	10
jeddah outbreak	10
alveolar cavities	10
early identification	10
insurance sector	10
potential source	10
patients representing	10
health concern	10
isl turkey	10
acute febrile	10
turkey epi	10
research groups	10
cov seroprevalence	10
environmental cleaning	10
adapted mers	10
animal market	10
novel group	10
human igg	10
include homologues	10
patients suspected	10
chest radiography	10
including fever	10
study provides	10
immunofluorescence assay	10
severe influenza	10
prone positioning	10
superspreading events	10
sequence alignment	10
therapeutic option	10
major challenge	10
coronavirus nsp	10
coronavirus referral	10
isl saudiarabia	10
virus particles	10
foodborne diseases	10
transport medium	10
google scholar	10
novel corona	10
potent neutralizing	10
human cd	10
icu stay	10
armed forces	10
viral vectors	10
generation cases	10
virus titration	10
mild cases	10
kalmyk republic	10
throat swab	10
negative controls	10
potent human	10
ang ii	10
confirmed patients	10
data indicate	10
travelers returning	10
three strains	10
electronic medical	10
preventive treatment	10
south china	10
health england	10
putus pick	10
transmission occurs	10
reproductive number	10
chinese horseshoe	10
agriculture organization	10
diseases caused	10
recombinant adenovirus	10
infection case	10
positive samples	10
unitedarabemirates epi	10
erasmus medical	10
korea centers	10
risk groups	10
sea basin	10
high rates	10
coronavirus quasispecies	10
comprehensive review	10
nasal carriage	10
toscana virus	10
local health	10
delivering middle	10
infectious respiratory	10
large case	10
wild carnivores	10
research center	10
infections hospital	10
nasal epithelium	10
serologic assays	10
i pneumocytes	10
vitro anti	10
camel workers	10
eastern asia	10
clinical decision	10
analysis revealed	10
therapeutic interventions	10
aedes albopictus	10
oral ribavirin	10
related virus	10
avian coronavirus	10
based assays	10
every year	10
us centers	10
emerging viral	10
virus neutralization	10
food control	10
immunocompromised patients	10
crimean hemorrhagic	10
widely used	10
acid residues	10
fi ndings	10
took place	10
outbreak investigations	10
virus group	10
might also	10
yellow fever	10
aedes mosquitoes	10
rhesus monkeys	10
cov research	10
infection rates	10
ct findings	10
viral proteases	10
west coast	10
disease course	10
may help	10
syndrome generation	10
virus titers	10
economic development	10
common respiratory	10
pcr diagnosis	10
viral envelope	10
bibliometric analysis	10
arboviral infections	10
laboratory diagnosis	10
known mers	10
water supplies	10
transmission may	10
nhp models	10
scientific research	10
white blood	10
pathogenic influenza	10
coronavirus papain	10
future studies	10
zoonotic potential	10
mers transmission	10
organ dysfunction	10
northern part	10
cov hku	10
also associated	10
specifically targeting	10
poor countries	10
mass gathering	10
two hospitals	10
expressing mers	10
group viruses	10
virus cultured	10
global technical	10
rna synthesis	10
bat covs	10
three different	10
many studies	10
epidemic outbreaks	10
super spreaders	10
days postinoculation	10
exact test	10
assay specificity	10
natural hosts	10
infection consortium	10
pooled estimate	10
neutralization assay	10
saudiarabia epi	10
time course	10
coronavirus pandemic	10
least days	10
university hospital	10
zika virus	10
antigenically related	9
case patient	9
immunological responses	9
inhibitory concentration	9
transchromosomic bovines	9
new emerging	9
natural disasters	9
high rate	9
invasive ventilation	9
patient care	9
mers vaccine	9
study protocol	9
adenovirus vector	9
cov reported	9
mice transgenic	9
antiviral peptides	9
anas platyrhynchos	9
intellectual content	9
fold serial	9
bacillus cereus	9
lethal outcomes	9
young children	9
detectable antibodies	9
reaction assays	9
basic reproduction	9
will likely	9
lethal respiratory	9
chronic kidney	9
mva based	9
severe human	9
less likely	9
cov accessory	9
day postinfection	9
national institutes	9
different genotypes	9
sectional surveillance	9
ml mers	9
information age	9
local customs	9
dead survived	9
human ace	9
subgenus embecovirus	9
gambian fruit	9
wbc count	9
natural antagonist	9
ixodidae tick	9
first step	9
information regarding	9
different species	9
significantly increased	9
travellers returning	9
pfu ml	9
ixodes ricinus	9
elevated serum	9
highly potent	9
transmission route	9
influenza vaccination	9
determine whether	9
research activity	9
associated factors	9
confi rmation	9
strain isolated	9
serologic studies	9
ct scan	9
lethal mers	9
developing severe	9
new strain	9
hypoxemic respiratory	9
infect doi	9
serum creatinine	9
medical history	9
cellular receptor	9
three novel	9
unpasteurized camel	9
copy number	9
clinical samples	9
faecal samples	9
african green	9
animal origin	9
zoonotic viruses	9
oedematous alveolar	9
heart failure	9
disease transmission	9
adjusted odds	9
clinical research	9
care associated	9
arbovirus infections	9
preliminary epidemiological	9
porcine epidemic	9
genetic material	9
transmission heterogeneity	9
human primary	9
twentieth century	9
causes widespread	9
important intellectual	9
possibly linked	9
may cause	9
mers infections	9
pathogenic coronaviruses	9
communicable disease	9
serine protease	9
time frame	9
days since	9
will provide	9
pressure rooms	9
eye protection	9
large proportion	9
twice daily	9
mammalian cells	9
critical revision	9
medical record	9
recombinant protein	9
different types	9
antigenic group	9
hospital staff	9
highly sensitive	9
prognostic factors	9
cov surveillance	9
commercially available	9
health threat	9
livestock dromedaries	9
cell fusion	9
one hundred	9
arab region	9
computed tomography	9
previously published	9
west african	9
antiviral treatments	9
species barrier	9
patients without	9
clinically developed	9
many different	9
dhori virus	9
mediated entry	9
additional cases	9
eastern part	9
known human	9
coronavirus treatment	9
gcc countries	9
arabia epidemiological	9
alveolar septum	9
coronavirus clinical	9
coronavirus cases	9
detect mers	9
bibliometric studies	9
immune serum	9
camel barn	9
human mab	9
community transmission	9
assay panel	9
rna detection	9
abdulaziz medical	9
mers pneumonia	9
molecular clock	9
candidate vaccines	9
human interface	9
dairy products	9
raw camel	9
nucleotide sequences	9
virus vaccines	9
human lung	9
diagnostic test	9
high morbidity	9
natural history	9
exposure device	9
pp ab	9
within hours	9
human pathology	9
household transmission	9
virus challenge	9
sialic acids	9
controlled clinical	9
clinical validation	9
common murre	9
rtpcr positive	9
former ussr	9
cov qatar	9
recent travel	9
nucleoside analogue	9
molecular evolution	9
ground glass	9
korea transmission	9
two main	9
fulica atra	9
second week	9
blood transfusion	9
emerging infections	9
respiratory epithelium	9
submucosal glands	9
may provide	9
observed among	9
rbd residues	9
using data	9
recent outbreaks	9
hospital settings	9
barn owned	9
drug compounds	9
reported among	9
may require	9
developed drugs	9
city health	9
migrating birds	9
reactors among	9
biological specimens	9
milk collected	9
myodes glareolus	9
antibody reactors	9
contact investigations	9
critical role	9
coronavirus patients	9
ill mers	9
adult camels	9
cases per	9
surveillance system	9
selective sweep	9
sample originating	9
time interval	9
associated infection	9
argas ticks	9
possible genetic	9
conducted using	9
coronaviruses reveals	9
laikipia county	9
proteolytic processing	9
kinetic analysis	9
passive transfer	9
searched pubmed	9
case definitions	9
like symptoms	9
detected among	9
farm animals	9
lung samples	9
antibody tests	9
interspecies transmission	9
virus closely	9
virus evolution	9
human case	9
supportive therapy	9
cyclophilin inhibitors	9
reservoir hosts	9
specific mers	9
inflammatory response	9
cov referral	9
fusion core	9
fusion peptide	9
large quantities	9
recent middle	9
laboratory data	9
applied biosystems	9
global level	9
insurance company	9
approved drugs	9
systematic reviews	9
whole blood	9
library identifies	9
safety issues	9
maximum likelihood	9
informed consent	9
probable transmission	9
fatal human	9
vaccine based	9
independent states	9
care units	9
mers virus	9
vaccine design	9
infected alpacas	9
corticosteroid treatment	9
indirect immunofluorescence	9
second case	9
humans possibly	9
serotine bat	9
pressure operating	9
structural protein	9
three groups	9
close relatives	9
care response	9
experimental transmission	9
interferon antagonists	9
highly conserved	8
infected travellers	8
environmental factors	8
compound library	8
novel mammalian	8
affected areas	8
single imported	8
ribavirin interferon	8
using graphpad	8
amotosalen uva	8
marmoset model	8
term excretion	8
virus among	8
member states	8
respiratory specimen	8
using mers	8
neutralization tests	8
novel recombinant	8
two weeks	8
healthcare providers	8
strict implementation	8
laboratory animals	8
animal populations	8
initial infection	8
articles published	8
field studies	8
often used	8
ifn response	8
infection treated	8
infected pneumonia	8
cohort studies	8
population growth	8
reported laboratory	8
healthcare associated	8
alveolar epithelium	8
may increase	8
one example	8
vertebrate host	8
outbreak member	8
especially among	8
cov therapies	8
aedes aegypti	8
initial presentation	8
respir viruses	8
coronavirus isolates	8
severe infection	8
study revealed	8
secondary attack	8
potential epidemiological	8
exposure history	8
creatinine clearance	8
causing severe	8
hospital contacts	8
viral genomic	8
red cross	8
wnv strains	8
organizing pneumonia	8
escape mutants	8
alanine aminotransferase	8
probable risk	8
one day	8
cell activation	8
mini kit	8
human adenovirus	8
low prevalence	8
hospital room	8
chinese medicine	8
community case	8
traditional chinese	8
cov medical	8
without respiratory	8
nitric oxide	8
antibiotic resistance	8
cov pl	8
first immunization	8
detected mers	8
pressure room	8
host range	8
approved compound	8
patients clinical	8
typhoid fever	8
cellular immunogenicity	8
encephalitis viruses	8
susan i	8
years since	8
serological methods	8
three patients	8
receptor usage	8
poor prognosis	8
jordan middle	8
dromedary calf	8
cov isolate	8
airborne routes	8
goat anti	8
cases middle	8
several times	8
acid substitutions	8
noninvasive ventilation	8
cov global	8
one third	8
influenza pandemic	8
emerging viruses	8
gastroenteritis virus	8
segment encodes	8
lung homogenates	8
study using	8
pediatric age	8
small molecule	8
aged years	8
overall mortality	8
german hospital	8
vector borne	8
neutralizing human	8
vivo studies	8
binding domains	8
outbreak occurred	8
viral infectivity	8
unlike sars	8
arab countries	8
described elsewhere	8
syndrome severe	8
vitro stimulation	8
host infectivity	8
clinical use	8
severe outcome	8
replication cycle	8
madinah city	8
tyuleniy island	8
among people	8
known cases	8
received ribavirin	8
epidemiological status	8
renal function	8
central asian	8
inoculated rabbits	8
wash fluid	8
per day	8
cov plpro	8
masked palm	8
cell tropism	8
saudi moh	8
borne flaviviruses	8
shedding dromedaries	8
several groups	8
natural host	8
two hospital	8
community outbreak	8
van den	8
clinical recovery	8
associated mers	8
signal peptide	8
double staining	8
diagnosis delay	8
sars virus	8
two doses	8
reported direct	8
insurance demand	8
adverse effects	8
security council	8
den brand	8
survival data	8
nosocomial clusters	8
vice versa	8
rational design	8
camel vaccine	8
japanese pipistrelle	8
based discovery	8
positive result	8
following mers	8
med doi	8
gold standard	8
anthropogenic biocenoses	8
health insurance	8
cov disease	8
clinical diagnosis	8
market development	8
appropriate infection	8
potential role	8
new human	8
financial crisis	8
additional data	8
thermo fisher	8
per patient	8
otitis media	8
foreign companies	8
human sera	8
main vector	8
day incubation	8
clinical forms	8
identified mers	8
among wild	8
like cov	8
therapeutic countermeasures	8
immunocompromised hosts	8
betacoronavirus emc	8
receptor specificity	8
delayed induction	8
subgenomic rnas	8
antimicrobial drugs	8
disseminated intravascular	8
genus alphacoronavirus	8
several countries	8
infection kinetics	8
quantitative pcr	8
radiological findings	8
lung function	8
respiratory tracts	8
infection mers	8
intratracheal inoculation	8
reported days	8
gulf countries	8
fatality ratio	8
ixodid ticks	8
deep tracheal	8
odds ratios	8
exclusion criteria	8
drug administration	8
military medical	8
female camels	8
ankara delivering	8
last years	8
level risk	8
tract disease	8
poorly understood	8
first isolation	8
specific treatment	8
igg antibody	8
asymptomatic middle	8
probable case	8
aerosol generating	8
targeting receptor	8
fatal respiratory	8
longitudinal study	8
control implications	8
requiring mechanical	8
prevention control	8
young camels	8
online version	8
inhibit sars	8
developed acute	8
year old	8
much stronger	8
acute phase	8
animal nose	8
recombinant virus	8
drug discovery	8
viruses belonging	8
countries including	8
well documented	8
cov therapy	8
rapid immunochromatographic	8
novel virus	8
collected according	8
interim infection	8
genotype i	8
update middle	8
batai virus	8
pulmonary pathology	8
epidemiologic characteristics	8
clinical development	8
strong neutralizing	8
nauki i	8
univariate analysis	8
saudi intensive	8
higher among	8
virus outbreak	8
sample collection	8
culex pipiens	8
may result	8
face masks	8
baloxavir marboxil	8
camels tested	8