id sid tid token lemma pos cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 1 key key JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 2 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 3 cord-048322 cord-048322 NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 4 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 5 5eqdrd52 5eqdrd52 VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 6 authors author NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 7 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 8 Aigner Aigner NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 9 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 10 Achim Achim NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 11 title title NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 12 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 13 Delivery Delivery NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 14 Systems Systems NNPS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 15 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 16 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 17 Direct Direct NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 18 Application Application NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 19 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 20 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 21 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 22 Induce induce VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 24 Interference Interference NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 26 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 1 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 2 Vivo Vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 3 date date NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 4 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 5 2006 2006 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 6 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 7 05 05 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 8 - - SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 9 18 18 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 10 journal journal NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 11 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 12 J J NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 13 Biomed Biomed NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 14 Biotechnol Biotechnol NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 15 DOI DOI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 16 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 2 17 10.1155 10.1155 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 3 1 /jbb/2006/71659 /jbb/2006/71659 NFP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 3 2 sha sha NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 3 3 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 3 4 f4d18f2beafa875cd4e30a9a237a64b9d3110856 f4d18f2beafa875cd4e30a9a237a64b9d3110856 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 3 5 doc_id doc_id CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 3 6 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 3 7 48322 48322 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 3 8 cord_uid cord_uid FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 3 9 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 1 5eqdrd52 5eqdrd52 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 3 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 5 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 7 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 8 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 9 powerful powerful JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 10 method method NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 11 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 12 specific specific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 13 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 14 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 15 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 16 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 17 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 18 lead lead VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 19 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 20 promising promising JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 21 novel novel JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 22 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 23 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 4 24 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 2 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 3 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 4 through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 5 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 6 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 7 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 9 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 11 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 12 sequence sequence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 13 - - : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 14 specifically specifically RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 15 trigger trigger VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 16 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 17 cleavage cleavage NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 18 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 19 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 20 degradation degradation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 21 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 23 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 24 mRNA mrna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 5 25 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 1 One one CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 2 critical critical JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 3 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 4 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 5 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 6 ability ability NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 7 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 8 deliver deliver VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 9 intact intact JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 10 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 11 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 12 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 13 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 14 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 15 organs organ NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 16 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 17 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 6 18 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 1 This this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 2 review review NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 3 highlights highlight VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 4 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 5 mechanism mechanism NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 6 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 7 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 8 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 9 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 10 guidelines guideline NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 11 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 12 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 13 design design NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 14 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 15 optimal optimal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 16 siRNAs sirna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 7 17 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 2 gives give VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 3 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 4 overview overview NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 5 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 6 studies study NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 7 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 8 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 9 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 10 systemic systemic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 11 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 12 local local JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 13 application application NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 14 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 15 naked naked JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 16 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 17 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 18 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 19 use use NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 20 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 21 various various JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 22 nonviral nonviral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 23 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 24 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 25 systems system NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 8 26 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 1 One one CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 2 promising promising JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 3 avenue avenue NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 4 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 5 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 6 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 7 complexation complexation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 8 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 9 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 10 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 11 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 12 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 14 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 16 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 17 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 18 efficiently efficiently RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 19 stabilizes stabilize VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 20 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 21 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 22 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 23 upon upon IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 24 systemic systemic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 25 administration administration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 26 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 27 leads lead VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 28 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 29 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 30 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 31 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 32 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 33 intact intact JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 34 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 35 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 36 different different JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 37 organs organ NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 9 38 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 2 antitumorigenic antitumorigenic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 3 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 5 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 6 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 7 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 8 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 9 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 10 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 11 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 12 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 13 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 14 targeting targeting NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 15 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 16 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 17 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 18 relevant relevant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 19 proteins protein NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 20 like like IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 21 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 22 mouse mouse NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 23 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 24 xenograft xenograft NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 25 models model NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 26 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 27 described describe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 10 28 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 1 Altered altered JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 2 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 3 levels level NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 5 certain certain JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 6 genes gene NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 7 play play VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 8 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 9 pivotal pivotal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 10 role role NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 11 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 12 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 13 pathological pathological JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 14 conditions condition NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 11 15 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 1 For for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 2 example example NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 4 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 5 many many JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 6 cancers cancer NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 7 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 8 upregulation upregulation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 9 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 10 certain certain JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 11 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 12 factors factor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 13 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 14 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 15 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 16 receptors receptor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 17 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 18 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 19 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 20 deregulation deregulation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 21 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 22 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 23 signal signal NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 24 transduction transduction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 25 pathways pathway NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 26 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 27 represents represent VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 28 key key JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 29 elements element NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 30 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 31 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 32 process process NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 33 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 34 malignant malignant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 35 transformation transformation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 36 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 37 progression progression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 38 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 39 normal normal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 40 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 41 towards towards IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 42 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 43 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 44 leading lead VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 45 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 46 uncontrolled uncontrolled JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 47 proliferation proliferation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 48 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 49 decreased decrease VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 50 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 12 51 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 1 Since since IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 2 these these DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 3 processes process NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 4 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 5 result result VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 6 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 7 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 8 direct direct JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 9 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 10 autocrine autocrine JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 11 stimulation stimulation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 12 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 13 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 14 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 15 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 16 itself -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 17 as as RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 18 well well RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 19 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 20 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 21 paracrine paracrine JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 22 stimulation stimulation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 23 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 24 other other JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 25 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 26 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 27 including include VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 28 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 29 stimulation stimulation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 30 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 31 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 32 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 33 angiogenesis angiogenesis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 34 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 35 many many JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 36 novel novel JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 37 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 38 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 39 focus focus VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 40 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 41 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 42 reversal reversal NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 43 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 44 this this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 45 effect effect NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 46 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 47 that that RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 48 is is RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 49 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 50 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 51 inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 52 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 53 these these DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 54 proteins protein NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 55 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 56 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 57 downregulation downregulation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 58 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 59 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 60 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 13 61 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 3 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 4 other other JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 5 diseases disease NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 6 have have VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 7 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 8 firmly firmly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 9 linked link VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 10 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 11 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 13 over-)expression over-)expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 14 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 15 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 16 wildtype wildtype NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 17 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 18 mutated mutate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 19 genes gene NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 14 20 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 1 Taken take VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 2 together together RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 4 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 5 addition addition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 6 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 7 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 8 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 9 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 10 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 11 inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 12 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 13 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 14 proteins protein NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 15 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 16 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 17 example example NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 18 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 19 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 20 low low JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 21 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 22 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 23 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 24 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 25 inhibitory inhibitory JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 26 antibodies antibody NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 27 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 28 this this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 29 opens open VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 30 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 31 avenue avenue NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 32 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 33 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 34 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 35 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 36 approaches approach NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 37 aiming aim VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 38 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 39 decreased decrease VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 40 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 41 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 42 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 43 respective respective JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 44 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 15 45 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 2 first first JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 3 method method NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 4 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 5 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 6 introduced introduce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 7 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 8 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 9 specific specific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 10 inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 11 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 12 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 13 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 14 was be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 15 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 16 use use NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 17 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 18 antisense antisense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 19 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 20 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 21 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 22 late late JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 23 1970s 1970 NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 25 1 1 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 26 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 27 2 2 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 16 29 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 1 Upon upon IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 3 introduction introduction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 4 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 5 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 6 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 7 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 8 antisense antisense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 9 ODNs ODNs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 10 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 11 able able JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 12 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 13 hybridize hybridize VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 14 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 16 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 18 leading lead VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 19 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 20 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 21 degradation degradation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 22 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 23 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 25 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 26 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 27 hybrid hybrid NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 28 double double JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 29 strands strand NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 30 through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 31 RNAase RNAase NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 32 H H NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 33 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 34 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 35 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 36 inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 37 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 38 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 39 translation translation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 40 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 41 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 42 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 43 mRNA mrna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 44 due due IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 45 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 46 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 47 steric steric JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 48 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 49 conformational conformational JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 50 obstacle obstacle NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 51 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 52 protein protein NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 53 translation translation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 54 and/or and/or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 55 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 56 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 57 inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 58 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 59 correct correct JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 60 splicing splicing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 17 61 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 2 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 3 early early JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 4 1980s 1980 NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 5 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 6 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 7 discovery discovery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 8 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 9 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 10 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 11 that that RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 12 is is RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 13 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 14 catalytically catalytically RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 15 active active JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 16 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 17 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 18 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 19 able able JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 20 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 21 sequence sequence VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 22 - - : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 23 specifically specifically RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 24 cleave cleave VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 25 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 26 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 27 mRNA mrna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 28 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 29 further further RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 30 expanded expand VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 31 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 32 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 33 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 34 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 36 3 3 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 39 4 4 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 42 5 5 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 18 44 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 3 both both DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 4 methods method NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 5 were be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 6 extensively extensively RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 7 studied study VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 8 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 9 further further RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 10 developed develop VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 11 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 12 regard regard NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 13 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 14 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 15 optimization optimization NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 17 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 18 efficacies efficacy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 19 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 20 antisense antisense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 21 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 22 ODN ODN NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 23 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 24 ribozyme ribozyme NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 25 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 26 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 27 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 28 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 29 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 30 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 31 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 19 32 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 1 Most most RBS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 2 recently recently RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 4 another another DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 5 naturally naturally RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 6 occurring occur VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 7 biological biological JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 8 strategy strategy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 9 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 10 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 11 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 12 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 13 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 14 discovered discover VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 15 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 16 termed term VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 18 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 20 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 20 22 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 1 Since since IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 2 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 3 represents represent VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 4 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 5 particularly particularly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 6 powerful powerful JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 7 method method NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 8 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 9 specific specific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 10 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 11 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 12 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 13 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 14 able able JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 15 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 16 provide provide VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 17 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 18 relatively relatively RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 19 easy easy JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 20 ablation ablation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 21 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 22 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 23 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 24 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 25 any any DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 26 given give VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 27 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 28 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 29 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 30 it -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 31 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 32 now now RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 33 commonly commonly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 34 used use VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 35 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 36 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 37 tool tool NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 38 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 39 biological biological JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 40 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 41 biomedical biomedical JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 42 research research NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 21 43 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 1 This this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 2 includes include VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 3 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 4 RNAimediated rnaimediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 5 targeting targeting NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 6 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 7 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 8 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 9 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 10 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 11 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 12 functional functional JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 13 studies study NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 14 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 15 various various JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 16 genes gene NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 17 whose whose WP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 18 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 19 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 20 known know VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 21 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 22 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 23 upregulated upregulate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 24 as as RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 25 well well RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 26 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 27 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 28 development development NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 29 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 30 novel novel JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 31 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 32 approaches approach NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 33 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 34 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 35 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 36 targeting targeting NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 22 37 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 1 double double RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 2 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 3 stranded strand VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 5 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 6 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 7 described describe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 8 first first RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 9 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 10 C C NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 11 elegans elegan NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 12 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 13 Fire Fire NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 14 et et NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 15 al al NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 17 6 6 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 19 who who WP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 20 then then RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 21 introduced introduce VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 22 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 23 name name NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 25 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 23 26 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 1 These these DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 2 findings finding NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 3 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 4 explained explain VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 5 earlier early JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 6 observations observation NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 7 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 8 petunias petunia NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 9 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 10 turned turn VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 11 white white JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 12 rather rather RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 13 than than IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 14 purple purple JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 15 upon upon IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 16 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 17 introduction introduction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 18 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 19 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 20 " " `` cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 21 purple purple JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 22 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 23 " " '' cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 24 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 25 form form NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 26 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 27 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 29 7 7 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 31 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 32 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 33 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 34 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 35 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 36 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 37 antisense antisense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 38 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 39 as as RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 40 well well RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 41 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 42 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 43 sense sense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 44 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 45 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 46 C c NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 47 elegans elegan NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 49 8 8 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 24 51 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 1 Subsequent subsequent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 2 studies study NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 3 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 4 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 5 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 6 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 7 while while IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 8 described describe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 9 under under IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 10 different different JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 11 names name NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 13 posttranscriptional posttranscriptional JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 14 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 15 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 17 PTGS PTGS NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 19 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 20 cosuppression cosuppression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 21 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 22 quelling quell VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 24 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 25 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 26 present present JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 27 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 28 most most JJS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 29 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 30 organisms organism NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 31 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 32 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 33 response response NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 34 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 35 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 36 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 37 however however RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 38 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 39 being be VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 40 more more RBR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 41 complicated complicated JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 42 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 43 higher high JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 44 organisms organism NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 25 45 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 1 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 2 relies rely VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 3 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 4 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 5 multistep multistep JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 6 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 7 pathway pathway NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 8 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 9 can can MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 10 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 11 roughly roughly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 12 divided divide VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 13 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 14 two two CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 15 phases phase NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 16 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 17 that that RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 18 is is RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 19 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 20 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 21 initiation initiation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 22 phase phase NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 23 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 24 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 25 effector effector NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 26 phase phase NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 26 27 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 2 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 3 initiation initiation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 4 phase phase NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 5 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 6 double double RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 7 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 8 stranded strand VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 10 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 11 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 12 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 13 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 14 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 15 origin origin NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 16 present present JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 17 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 18 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 19 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 20 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 21 processed process VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 22 through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 23 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 24 cleavage cleavage NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 25 activity activity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 26 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 27 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 28 ribonuclease ribonuclease NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 29 III iii CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 30 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 31 type type NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 32 protein protein NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 34 9 9 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 37 10 10 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 40 11 11 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 43 12 12 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 45 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 46 short short JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 47 21 21 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 48 - - SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 49 23 23 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 50 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 51 fragments fragment NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 52 termed term VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 53 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 27 54 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 1 These these DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 2 effector effector VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 3 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 4 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 5 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 6 contain contain VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 7 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 8 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 9 2 2 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 10 nt nt NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 11 overhang overhang NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 12 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 13 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 14 3 3 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 15 -end -end : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 16 as as RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 17 well well RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 18 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 19 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 20 5 5 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 21 -phosphate -phosphate NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 22 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 23 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 24 3hydroxy 3hydroxy CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 25 group group NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 26 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 27 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 28 then then RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 29 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 30 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 31 effector effector NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 32 phase phase NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 33 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 34 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 35 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 36 nuclease nuclease NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 37 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 38 containing contain VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 39 multiprotein multiprotein NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 40 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 41 called call VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 42 RISC RISC NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 44 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 45 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 46 induced induce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 47 silencing silence VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 48 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 51 13 13 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 28 53 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 1 Several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 2 structural structural JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 3 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 4 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 5 studies study NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 6 have have VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 7 shed shed VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 8 light light NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 9 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 10 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 11 processing processing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 12 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 13 double double RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 14 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 15 stranded strand VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 17 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 18 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 19 formation formation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 20 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 21 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 22 RISC RISC NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 23 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 25 see see VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 26 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 27 eg eg XX cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 28 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 30 14 14 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 32 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 33 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 34 recent recent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 35 review review NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 29 37 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 1 Through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 2 unwinding unwind VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 3 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 4 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 5 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 6 duplex duplex NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 7 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 8 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 10 helicase helicase NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 11 activity activity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 13 15 15 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 15 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 16 this this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 17 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 18 becomes become VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 19 activated activate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 20 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 21 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 22 single single RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 23 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 24 stranded stranded JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 25 siRNA sirna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 26 guiding guide VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 27 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 28 RISC RISC NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 29 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 30 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 31 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 32 complementary complementary JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 33 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 34 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 30 35 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 1 Upon upon IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 2 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 3 binding binding NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 5 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 6 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 7 through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 8 hybridization hybridization NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 9 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 11 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 12 mRNA mrna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 13 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 14 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 15 RISC RISC NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 16 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 17 catalyses catalyse VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 18 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 19 endonucleolytical endonucleolytical JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 20 cleavage cleavage NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 21 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 22 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 23 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 24 strand strand NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 25 within within IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 26 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 27 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 28 site site NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 29 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 30 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 31 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 32 due due IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 33 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 34 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 35 generation generation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 36 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 37 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 38 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 39 ends end NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 40 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 41 results result VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 42 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 43 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 44 rapid rapid JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 45 degradation degradation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 46 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 47 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 48 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 49 molecule molecule NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 31 50 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 1 With with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 2 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 3 RISC RISC NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 4 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 5 being be VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 6 recovered recover VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 7 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 8 further further JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 9 binding binding NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 10 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 11 cleavage cleavage NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 12 cycles cycle NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 13 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 14 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 15 whole whole JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 16 process process NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 17 translates translate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 18 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 19 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 20 net net JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 21 reduction reduction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 22 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 23 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 24 specific specific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 25 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 26 levels level NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 27 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 28 hence hence RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 29 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 30 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 31 decreased decreased JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 32 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 33 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 34 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 35 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 36 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 32 37 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 33 1 For for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 33 2 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 33 3 overview overview NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 33 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 33 5 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 33 6 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 33 7 pathway pathway NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 33 8 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 33 9 see see VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 33 10 Figure figure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 33 11 1 1 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 33 12 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 1 While while IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 2 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 3 this this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 4 mechanism mechanism NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 6 becomes become VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 7 obvious obvious JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 8 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 9 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 10 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 11 complementary complementary JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 12 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 13 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 14 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 15 mRNA mrna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 16 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 17 thus thus RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 18 being be VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 19 able able JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 20 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 21 serve serve VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 22 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 23 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 24 guide guide NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 25 sequence sequence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 26 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 27 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 28 RISC RISC NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 29 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 30 play play VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 31 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 32 pivotal pivotal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 33 role role NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 34 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 35 this this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 36 process process NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 37 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 38 they -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 39 need nee MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 40 not not RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 41 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 42 derived derive VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 43 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 44 long long JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 45 double double RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 46 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 47 stranded strand VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 48 precursor precursor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 49 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 34 50 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 1 Rather rather RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 3 omitting omit VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 4 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 5 initiation initiation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 6 phase phase NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 7 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 8 they -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 9 can can MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 10 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 11 delivered deliver VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 12 directly directly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 13 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 14 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 15 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 16 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 18 Figure figure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 19 1 1 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 20 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 21 upper upper JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 22 right right JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 23 arrow arrow NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 35 25 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 1 Several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 2 studies study NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 3 have have VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 4 led lead VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 5 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 6 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 7 development development NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 8 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 9 guidelines guideline NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 10 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 11 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 12 generation generation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 13 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 14 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 15 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 16 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 17 optimal optimal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 18 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 19 terms term NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 20 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 21 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 22 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 23 specificity specificity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 25 12 12 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 26 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 27 16 16 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 36 29 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 1 This this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 2 includes include VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 3 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 4 initial initial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 5 definition definition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 6 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 7 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 8 preferable preferable JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 9 length length NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 11 19 19 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 12 - - SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 13 25 25 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 14 bp bp NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 16 combined combine VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 17 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 18 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 19 low low JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 20 G g NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 21 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 22 C c NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 23 content content NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 24 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 25 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 26 range range NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 27 between between IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 28 36 36 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 29 % % NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 30 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 31 52 52 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 32 % % NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 33 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 34 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 35 requirement requirement NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 36 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 37 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 38 2 2 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 39 nt nt NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 40 overhangs overhang NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 41 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 42 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 43 3 3 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 44 -end -end : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 46 16 16 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 49 17 17 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 52 18 18 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 37 54 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 1 Later later JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 2 studies study NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 3 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 4 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 5 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 6 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 7 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 8 however however RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 9 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 10 revealed reveal VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 11 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 12 up up NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 13 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 14 100-fold 100-fold CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 15 higher high JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 16 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 17 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 18 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 19 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 20 case case NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 21 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 22 even even RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 23 longer long JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 24 duplexes duplex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 26 25 25 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 27 - - SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 28 30 30 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 29 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 31 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 32 act act VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 33 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 34 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 35 substrate substrate NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 36 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 37 Dicer Dicer NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 38 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 39 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 40 therefore therefore RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 41 allow allow VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 42 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 43 direct direct JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 44 incorporation incorporation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 45 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 46 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 47 newly newly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 48 produced produce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 49 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 50 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 51 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 52 RISC RISC NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 53 complex complex JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 54 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 55 19 19 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 56 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 38 57 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 1 As as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 2 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 3 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 4 expected expect VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 5 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 6 intramolecular intramolecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 7 foldback foldback NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 8 structures structure NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 9 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 10 can can MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 11 result result VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 12 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 13 internal internal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 14 repeats repeat NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 15 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 16 palindrome palindrome NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 17 sequences sequence NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 18 decrease decrease VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 19 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 20 numbers number NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 21 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 22 functional functional JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 23 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 24 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 25 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 26 silencing silence VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 27 capability capability NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 29 20 20 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 39 31 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 1 Additional additional JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 2 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 3 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 4 enhancing enhance VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 5 criteria criterion NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 6 include include VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 7 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 8 A a NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 9 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 10 position position NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 11 3 3 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 12 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 13 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 14 G g NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 15 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 16 position position NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 17 13 13 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 18 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 19 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 20 sense sense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 21 strand strand NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 22 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 23 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 24 absence absence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 25 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 26 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 27 C c NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 28 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 29 G g NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 30 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 31 position position NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 32 19 19 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 33 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 34 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 35 most most RBS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 36 importantly importantly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 37 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 38 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 39 U u NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 40 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 41 position position NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 42 10 10 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 43 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 44 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 45 sense sense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 46 strand strand NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 40 47 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 1 Since since IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 2 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 3 10 10 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 4 - - SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 5 11 11 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 6 represent represent VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 7 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 8 site site NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 9 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 10 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 11 RISC RISC NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 12 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 13 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 14 cleavage cleavage NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 15 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 16 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 17 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 18 mRNA mrna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 19 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 20 this this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 21 indicates indicate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 22 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 23 RISC RISC NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 24 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 25 comparable comparable JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 26 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 27 most most JJS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 28 other other JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 29 endonucleases endonuclease NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 30 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 31 preferentially preferentially RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 32 cleaving cleave VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 33 3 3 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 34 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 35 U U NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 36 rather rather RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 37 than than IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 38 any any DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 39 other other JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 40 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 42 20 20 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 43 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 44 21 21 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 41 46 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 4 was be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 5 shown show VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 6 more more RBR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 7 generally generally RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 8 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 9 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 10 thermodynamic thermodynamic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 11 flexibility flexibility NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 12 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 13 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 14 positions position NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 15 15 15 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 16 - - SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 17 19 19 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 18 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 19 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 20 sense sense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 21 strand strand NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 22 correlates correlate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 23 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 24 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 25 silencing silence VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 26 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 27 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 28 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 29 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 30 presence presence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 31 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 32 at at RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 33 least least JJS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 34 one one CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 35 A a NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 36 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 37 U u NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 38 base base NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 39 pair pair NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 40 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 41 this this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 42 region region NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 43 improves improve VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 44 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 45 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 46 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 47 silencing silence VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 48 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 49 due due IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 50 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 51 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 52 decreased decrease VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 53 internal internal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 54 stability stability NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 55 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 56 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 57 3 3 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 58 -end -end : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 59 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 60 20 20 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 61 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 42 62 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 1 Still still RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 3 different different JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 4 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 5 sequences sequence NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 6 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 7 display display VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 8 differing differ VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 9 efficacies efficacy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 10 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 11 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 12 suggest suggest VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 13 additional additional JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 14 still still RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 15 unknown unknown JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 16 criteria criterion NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 17 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 18 optimal optimal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 19 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 20 selection selection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 21 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 22 emphasize emphasize VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 23 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 24 influence influence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 25 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 26 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 27 mRNA mrna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 28 accessibility accessibility NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 43 29 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 2 fact fact NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 4 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 5 studies study NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 6 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 7 correlate correlate VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 8 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 9 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 10 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 11 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 12 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 13 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 14 secondary secondary JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 15 structure structure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 17 18 18 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 18 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 20 22 22 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 23 23 23 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 26 24 24 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 29 25 25 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 32 26 26 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 35 27 27 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 44 37 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 2 conclusion conclusion NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 4 apart apart RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 5 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 6 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 7 selection selection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 8 criteria criterion NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 9 defined define VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 10 above above RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 11 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 12 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 13 individual individual JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 14 screening screening NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 15 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 16 different different JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 17 siRNAs sirna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 18 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 19 highly highly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 20 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 21 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 22 specific specific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 23 duplexes duplex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 24 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 25 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 26 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 27 pooling pooling NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 28 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 29 multiple multiple JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 30 siRNAs sirna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 31 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 32 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 33 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 34 most most RBS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 35 effective effective JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 36 approach approach NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 37 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 38 increase increase VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 39 siRNAmediated sirnamediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 40 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 41 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 45 42 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 1 For for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 2 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 3 design design NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 5 effective effective JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 6 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 7 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 8 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 9 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 10 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 11 publicly publicly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 12 accessible accessible JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 13 web web NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 14 sites site NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 15 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 16 available available JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 18 see see VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 20 28 28 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 22 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 23 review review NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 46 25 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 1 To to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 2 reduce reduce VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 3 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 4 risk risk NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 5 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 6 nonspecific nonspecific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 8 " " `` cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 9 off off IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 10 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 11 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 12 " " '' cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 14 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 15 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 16 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 17 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 18 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 19 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 20 homology homology NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 21 search search NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 22 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 23 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 24 targeting targeting NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 25 sequence sequence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 26 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 27 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 28 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 29 database database NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 30 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 31 necessary necessary JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 32 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 33 already already RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 34 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 35 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 36 some some DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 37 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 38 these these DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 39 web web NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 40 sites site NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 47 41 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 4 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 5 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 6 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 7 shown show VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 8 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 9 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 10 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 11 cross cross VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 12 - - VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 13 react react VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 14 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 15 targets target NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 17 limited limited JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 18 sequence sequence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 19 similarity similarity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 20 when when WRB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 21 regions region NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 22 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 23 partial partial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 24 sequence sequence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 25 identity identity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 26 between between IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 27 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 28 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 29 mRNA mrna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 30 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 31 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 32 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 33 exist exist VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 48 34 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 2 fact fact NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 4 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 5 some some DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 6 cases case NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 7 regions region NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 8 comprising comprise VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 9 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 10 only only RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 11 11 11 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 12 - - SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 13 15 15 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 14 contiguous contiguous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 15 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 17 sequence sequence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 18 identity identity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 19 were be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 20 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 21 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 22 induce induce VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 23 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 24 silencing silence VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 26 29 29 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 49 28 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 50 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 50 2 prediction prediction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 50 3 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 50 4 these these DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 50 5 off off IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 50 6 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 50 7 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 50 8 activities activity NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 50 9 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 50 10 difficult difficult JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 50 11 so so RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 50 12 far far RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 50 13 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 1 An an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 2 additional additional JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 3 mechanism mechanism NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 4 that that WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 5 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 6 lead lead VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 7 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 8 nonspecific nonspecific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 9 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 10 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 11 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 12 relies rely VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 13 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 14 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 15 interferon interferon NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 16 system system NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 18 30 30 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 21 31 31 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 51 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 52 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 52 2 32 32 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 52 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 2 33 33 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 4 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 5 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 6 induced induce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 7 when when WRB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 8 double double RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 9 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 10 stranded strand VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 12 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 13 enter enter VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 14 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 15 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 16 activating activate VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 17 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 18 multi multi JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 19 - - JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 20 component component JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 21 signalling signalling NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 22 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 53 23 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 1 This this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 2 effect effect NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 3 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 4 particularly particularly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 5 true true JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 6 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 7 long long JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 8 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 9 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 10 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 11 essentially essentially RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 12 prevents prevent VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 13 them -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 14 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 15 being be VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 16 used use VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 17 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 18 inducers inducer NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 19 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 21 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 22 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 23 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 24 systems system NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 54 25 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 2 development development NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 3 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 4 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 5 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 7 10 10 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 8 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 9 12 12 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 10 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 11 33 33 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 12 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 13 34 34 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 15 largely largely RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 16 circumvents circumvent VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 17 this this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 18 problem problem NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 19 since since IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 20 they -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 21 seem seem VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 22 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 23 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 24 too too RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 25 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 55 26 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 1 However however RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 3 some some DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 4 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 5 siR siR NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 6 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 7 NAs na NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 8 do do VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 9 induce induce VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 10 components component NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 11 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 12 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 13 interferon interferon NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 14 system system NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 15 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 16 seems seem VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 17 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 18 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 19 dependent dependent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 20 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 22 sequence sequence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 24 31 31 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 25 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 26 32 32 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 27 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 28 35 35 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 30 as as RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 31 well well RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 32 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 33 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 34 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 35 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 36 case case NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 37 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 38 in in FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 39 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 40 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 41 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 42 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 43 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 44 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 45 5 5 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 46 initiating initiating NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 47 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 49 36 36 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 56 51 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 1 Thus thus RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 3 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 4 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 5 avoid avoid VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 6 as as RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 7 far far RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 8 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 9 possible possible JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 10 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 11 unwanted unwanted JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 12 interferon interferon NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 13 response response NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 14 upon upon IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 15 application application NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 17 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 18 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 19 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 20 will will MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 21 include include VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 22 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 23 design design NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 24 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 25 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 26 without without IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 27 known know VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 28 interferon interferon NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 29 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 30 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 31 sequences sequence NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 32 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 33 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 34 use use NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 35 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 36 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 37 lowest low JJS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 38 possible possible JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 39 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 40 dose dose NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 41 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 42 still still RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 43 achieve achieve VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 44 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 45 desired desire VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 46 effect effect NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 47 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 48 optimized optimize VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 49 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 50 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 51 methods method NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 57 52 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 1 Based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 2 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 3 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 4 known know VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 5 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 6 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 7 antisense antisense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 8 technology technology NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 9 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 10 ribozyme ribozyme NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 11 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 12 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 13 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 14 RNAi RNAi NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 15 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 16 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 17 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 18 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 19 plasmid plasmid NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 20 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 21 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 22 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 23 vectors vector NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 24 can can MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 25 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 26 used use VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 27 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 28 specifically specifically RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 29 downregulate downregulate VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 30 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 31 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 32 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 33 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 34 given give VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 35 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 36 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 37 interest interest NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 38 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 39 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 40 pathological pathological JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 41 relevance relevance NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 42 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 43 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 58 44 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 2 principle principle NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 4 this this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 5 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 6 applies apply VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 7 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 8 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 9 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 10 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 11 situation situation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 12 leading lead VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 13 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 14 novel novel NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 15 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 16 potentially potentially RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 17 relevant relevant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 18 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 19 approaches approach NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 59 20 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 1 For for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 2 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 3 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 5 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 6 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 7 acids acid NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 8 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 9 viral viral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 10 vectors vector NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 11 have have VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 12 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 13 used use VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 14 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 15 have have VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 16 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 17 advantage advantage NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 18 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 19 high high JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 20 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 21 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 22 due due IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 23 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 24 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 25 inherent inherent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 26 ability ability NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 27 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 28 viruses virus NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 29 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 30 transport transport VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 31 genetic genetic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 32 material material NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 33 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 34 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 60 35 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 1 On on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 2 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 3 other other JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 4 hand hand NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 5 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 6 however however RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 7 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 8 viral viral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 9 systems system NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 10 show show VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 11 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 12 limited limited JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 13 loading loading NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 14 capacity capacity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 15 regarding regard VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 16 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 17 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 18 genetic genetic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 19 material material NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 20 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 21 rather rather RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 22 difficult difficult JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 23 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 24 produce produce VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 25 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 26 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 27 larger large JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 28 scale scale NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 29 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 30 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 31 most most RBS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 32 importantly importantly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 33 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 34 pose pose VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 35 severe severe JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 36 safety safety NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 37 risks risk NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 38 due due IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 39 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 40 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 41 oncogenic oncogenic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 42 potential potential NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 43 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 44 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 45 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 46 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 47 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 48 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 49 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 50 prevent prevent VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 51 them -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 52 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 53 repeated repeat VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 54 administration administration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 55 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 56 37 37 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 57 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 58 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 59 38 38 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 60 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 61 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 62 39 39 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 63 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 64 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 65 40 40 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 66 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 61 67 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 2 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 3 light light NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 5 these these DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 6 problems problem NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 7 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 8 concerns concern NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 9 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 10 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 11 limitations limitation NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 12 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 13 nonviral nonviral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 14 systems system NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 15 have have VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 16 emerged emerge VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 17 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 18 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 19 promising promising JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 20 alternative alternative NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 21 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 22 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 23 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 62 24 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 1 Main main JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 2 requirements requirement NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 3 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 4 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 5 protection protection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 6 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 8 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 9 acid acid NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 10 " " `` cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 11 load load NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 12 " " '' cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 13 as as RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 14 well well RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 15 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 17 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 18 uptake uptake NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 19 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 20 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 21 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 22 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 23 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 24 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 25 release release NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 26 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 27 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 28 DNA DNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 29 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 31 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 32 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 33 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 34 if if IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 35 necessary necessary JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 36 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 37 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 38 transfer transfer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 39 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 40 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 41 nucleus nucleus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 63 42 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 1 Several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 3 can can MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 4 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 5 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 6 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 7 mainly mainly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 8 lipofection lipofection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 9 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 10 polyfection polyfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 11 relying rely VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 12 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 13 cationic cationic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 14 lipids lipid NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 15 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 16 polymers polymer NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 17 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 18 respectively respectively RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 20 see see UH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 21 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 22 eg eg XX cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 23 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 25 41 41 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 28 42 42 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 31 43 43 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 64 34 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 2 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 3 protection protection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 4 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 5 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 6 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 7 nonenzymatic nonenzymatic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 8 degradation degradation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 9 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 10 particularly particularly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 11 important important JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 12 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 14 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 15 including include VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 16 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 65 17 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 2 fact fact NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 4 while while IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 5 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 6 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 7 potential potential NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 8 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 9 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 10 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 11 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 12 treatment treatment NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 13 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 14 various various JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 15 diseases disease NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 16 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 17 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 18 principle principle NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 19 very very RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 20 promising promising JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 21 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 22 limitations limitation NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 23 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 24 transfer transfer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 25 vectors vector NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 26 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 27 turn turn VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 28 out out RP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 29 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 30 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 31 rate rate NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 32 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 33 limiting limit VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 34 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 35 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 36 development development NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 37 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 38 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 39 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 40 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 41 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 42 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 66 43 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 1 One one CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 2 approach approach NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 3 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 4 solve solve VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 5 this this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 6 problem problem NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 7 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 8 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 9 use use NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 10 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 11 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 12 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 13 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 14 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 15 encode encode VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 16 palindromic palindromic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 17 hairpin hairpin JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 18 loops loop NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 19 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 20 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 21 desired desire VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 22 sequence sequence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 67 23 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 1 Upon upon IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 2 transcription transcription NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 3 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 4 folding folding NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 5 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 6 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 8 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 9 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 10 doublestranded doublestranded JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 11 short short JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 12 hairpin hairpin NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 13 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 15 shRNAs shRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 17 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 18 recognized recognize VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 19 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 20 Dicer Dicer NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 21 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 22 cleaved cleave VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 23 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 24 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 25 desired desire VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 26 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 68 27 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 3 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 4 in in FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 5 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 6 method method NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 7 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 8 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 9 described describe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 10 recently recently RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 11 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 12 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 13 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 14 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 15 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 16 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 17 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 18 shRNAs shRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 19 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 20 E e NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 21 coli coli NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 22 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 24 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 25 via via IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 26 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 27 invasion invasion NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 29 44 44 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 69 31 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 1 While while IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 2 all all PDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 3 these these DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 4 different different JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 5 DNAbased dnabase VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 6 systems system NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 7 offer offer VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 8 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 9 advantage advantage NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 10 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 11 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 12 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 13 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 14 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 15 longer long JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 16 duration duration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 17 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 18 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 19 probably probably RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 20 higher high JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 21 level level NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 22 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 23 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 24 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 25 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 26 they -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 27 still still RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 28 rely rely VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 29 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 31 viral viral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 32 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 33 nonviral nonviral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 35 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 36 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 37 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 38 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 39 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 40 again again RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 41 raise raise VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 42 safety safety NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 43 issues issue NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 44 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 45 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 70 46 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 1 Hence hence RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 3 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 4 direct direct JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 5 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 6 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 7 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 8 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 9 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 10 derived derive VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 11 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 12 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 13 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 14 transcription transcription NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 15 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 16 chemically chemically RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 17 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 18 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 19 offers offer VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 20 advantages advantage NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 21 over over IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 22 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 23 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 24 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 25 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 26 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 27 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 28 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 29 preferable preferable JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 30 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 31 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 32 vivo vivo FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 33 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 34 use use NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 71 35 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 2 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 3 last last JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 4 years year NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 5 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 6 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 7 large large JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 8 body body NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 9 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 10 studies study NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 11 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 12 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 13 published publish VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 14 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 15 describe describe VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 16 different different JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 17 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 18 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 19 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 20 systemic systemic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 21 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 22 local local JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 23 application application NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 24 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 25 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 26 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 27 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 72 28 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 73 1 Tables table NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 73 2 1 1 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 73 3 - - SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 73 4 3 3 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 73 5 give give VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 73 6 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 73 7 overview overview NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 73 8 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 2 probably probably RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 3 largest large JJS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 4 number number NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 5 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 6 papers paper NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 7 focuses focus VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 8 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 9 use use NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 10 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 11 unmodified unmodified JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 12 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 14 Table Table NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 15 1 1 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 17 whose whose WP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 18 administration administration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 19 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 20 often often RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 21 performed perform VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 22 IV IV NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 23 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 24 hydrodynamic hydrodynamic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 25 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 27 high high JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 28 pressure pressure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 29 tail tail NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 30 vein vein NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 31 injection injection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 74 33 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 1 While while IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 2 this this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 3 method method NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 4 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 5 widely widely RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 6 used use VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 7 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 8 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 9 some some DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 10 cases case NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 11 led lead VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 12 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 13 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 14 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 15 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 16 inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 17 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 18 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 19 liver liver NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 20 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 21 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 22 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 23 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 24 lesser less JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 25 extent extent NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 26 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 27 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 28 lung lung NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 29 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 30 spleen spleen NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 31 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 32 pancreas pancrea NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 33 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 34 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 35 kidney kidney NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 36 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 37 it -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 38 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 39 suffer suffer VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 40 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 41 certain certain JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 42 technical technical JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 43 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 44 practical practical JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 45 limitations limitation NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 46 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 47 least least JJS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 48 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 49 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 50 therapeutical therapeutical JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 51 setting setting NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 52 since since IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 53 it -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 54 relies rely VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 55 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 56 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 57 rapid rapid JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 58 IV IV NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 59 injection injection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 60 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 61 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 62 comparably comparably RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 63 large large JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 64 volume volume NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 65 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 66 > > XX cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 67 = = SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 68 1 1 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 69 ml ml NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 70 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 71 mouse mouse NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 72 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 73 injection injection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 74 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 75 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 76 theory theory NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 77 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 78 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 79 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 80 ∼ ∼ NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 81 3 3 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 82 l l NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 83 IV IV NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 84 bolus bolus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 85 injection injection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 86 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 87 man man NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 88 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 75 89 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 1 Alternative alternative JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 3 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 4 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 5 application application NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 6 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 7 naked naked JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 8 siRNAs sirna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 9 include include VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 10 various various JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 11 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 12 routes route NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 13 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 14 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 15 however however RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 16 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 17 often often RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 18 provide provide VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 19 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 20 only only JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 21 local local JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 22 administration administration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 23 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 24 rely rely VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 25 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 26 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 27 administration administration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 28 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 29 least least JJS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 30 close close RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 31 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 32 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 33 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 34 tissue tissue NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 35 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 36 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 37 organ organ NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 38 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 39 thus thus RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 40 restricting restrict VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 41 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 42 number number NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 43 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 44 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 45 organs organ NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 46 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 47 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 48 not not RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 49 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 50 relevant relevant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 51 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 52 certain certain JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 53 diseases disease NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 76 54 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 2 should should MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 3 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 4 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 5 noted note VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 6 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 7 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 8 studies study NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 9 described describe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 10 here here RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 11 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 12 below below IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 13 use use VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 14 rather rather RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 15 large large JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 16 amounts amount NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 17 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 18 siRNAs sirnas NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 19 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 20 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 21 upon upon IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 22 intravenous intravenous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 23 injection injection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 24 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 25 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 26 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 27 liver liver NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 28 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 29 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 30 primary primary JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 31 site site NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 32 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 33 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 34 uptake uptake NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 77 35 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 1 As as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 2 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 3 alternative alternative JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 4 approach approach NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 5 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 6 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 7 application application NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 8 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 9 siR siR NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 10 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 11 NAs NAs NNPS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 12 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 13 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 14 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 16 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 17 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 18 liposomes liposome NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 19 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 20 cationic cationic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 21 lipids lipid NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 22 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 23 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 24 described describe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 78 25 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 1 For for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 2 liposome liposome NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 3 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 4 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 5 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 6 formulations formulation NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 7 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 8 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 9 wide wide JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 10 variety variety NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 11 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 12 modes mode NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 13 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 14 application application NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 15 allowing allow VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 16 local local JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 17 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 18 systemic systemic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 19 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 20 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 21 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 22 used use VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 24 Table table NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 25 2 2 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 79 27 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 1 Finally finally RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 3 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 4 other other JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 5 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 6 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 7 local local JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 8 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 9 systemic systemic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 10 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 11 administration administration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 12 have have VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 13 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 14 explored explore VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 15 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 16 including include VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 17 chemical chemical JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 18 modifications modification NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 19 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 20 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 21 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 22 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 23 electropulsation electropulsation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 24 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 25 polyamine polyamine NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 26 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 27 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 28 other other JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 29 basic basic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 30 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 31 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 32 atelocollagen atelocollagen NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 33 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 34 virosomes virosomes NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 35 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 36 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 37 certain certain JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 38 protein protein NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 39 preparations preparation NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 41 Table Table NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 42 3 3 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 80 44 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 1 An an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 2 alternative alternative JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 3 approach approach NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 4 relies rely VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 5 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 6 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 7 complexation complexation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 8 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 9 unmodified unmodified JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 10 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 11 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 12 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 13 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 14 cationic cationic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 15 polymer polymer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 16 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 17 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 19 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 81 21 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 1 Polyethylenimines polyethylenimine NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 3 PEIs PEIs NNPS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 5 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 6 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 7 polymers polymer NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 8 available available JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 9 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 10 branched branched JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 11 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 12 linear linear JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 13 forms form NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 15 Figure figure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 16 2 2 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 17 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 18 upper upper JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 19 panels panel NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 21 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 22 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 23 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 24 broad broad JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 25 range range NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 26 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 27 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 28 weights weight NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 29 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 30 < < XX cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 31 1000 1000 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 32 Da Da NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 33 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 34 > > XX cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 35 1000 1000 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 36 kd kd NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 82 37 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 1 Commercial commercial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 2 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 3 preparations preparation NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 4 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 5 although although IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 6 labelled label VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 7 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 8 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 9 defined define VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 10 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 11 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 12 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 13 consist consist VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 14 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 15 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 16 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 17 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 18 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 19 broad broad JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 20 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 21 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 22 distribution distribution NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 24 45 45 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 27 46 46 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 30 47 47 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 83 32 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 1 PEIs PEIs NNPS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 2 possess possess VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 3 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 4 high high JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 5 cationic cationic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 6 charge charge NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 7 density density NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 8 due due IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 9 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 10 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 11 protonable protonable JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 12 amino amino NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 13 group group NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 14 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 15 every every DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 16 third third JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 17 position position NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 19 48 48 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 20 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 21 49 49 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 84 23 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 1 Since since IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 2 no no DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 3 quarternary quarternary JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 4 amino amino NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 5 groups group NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 6 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 7 present present JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 8 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 9 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 10 cationic cationic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 11 charges charge NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 12 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 13 generated generate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 14 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 15 protonation protonation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 17 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 18 amino amino NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 19 groups group NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 20 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 21 hence hence RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 22 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 23 dependent dependent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 24 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 25 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 26 pH ph NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 27 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 28 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 29 environment environment NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 31 eg eg RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 32 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 33 20 20 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 34 % % NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 35 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 36 pH pH NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 37 7.4 7.4 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 38 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 39 see see VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 41 50 50 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 43 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 44 review review NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 85 46 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 1 Due due IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 2 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 3 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 4 ability ability NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 5 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 6 condense condense VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 7 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 8 compact compact VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 9 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 10 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 11 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 12 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 13 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 14 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 15 form form VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 16 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 17 colloidal colloidal NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 18 particles particle NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 19 allowing allow VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 20 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 21 cellular cellular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 22 uptake uptake NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 23 through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 24 endocytosis endocytosis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 25 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 26 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 27 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 28 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 29 introduced introduce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 30 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 31 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 32 potent potent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 33 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 34 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 35 reagent reagent NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 36 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 37 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 38 variety variety NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 39 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 40 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 41 lines line NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 42 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 43 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 44 animals animal NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 45 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 46 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 47 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 49 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 50 review review NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 51 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 52 see see VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 53 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 54 51 51 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 55 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 56 52 52 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 57 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 58 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 59 references reference NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 60 therein therein RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 86 62 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 2 fact fact NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 4 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 5 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 6 studies study NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 7 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 8 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 9 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 10 shown show VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 11 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 12 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 13 able able JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 14 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 15 deliver deliver VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 16 large large JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 17 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 18 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 19 such such JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 20 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 21 2.3 2.3 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 22 Mb Mb NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 23 yeast yeast NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 24 artificial artificial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 25 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 27 YACs yac NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 30 53 53 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 32 as as RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 33 well well RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 34 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 35 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 36 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 37 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 38 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 40 48 48 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 41 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 43 54 54 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 87 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 2 55 55 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 5 56 56 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 7 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 8 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 9 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 10 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 11 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 12 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 13 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 14 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 88 15 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 2 N N NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 3 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 4 P p NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 5 ratio ratio NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 6 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 7 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 8 indicates indicate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 9 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 10 ratio ratio NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 11 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 12 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 13 nitrogen nitrogen NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 14 atoms atom NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 15 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 16 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 17 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 18 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 19 phosphates phosphate NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 20 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 21 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 22 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 23 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 24 thus thus RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 25 describes describe VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 26 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 27 amount amount NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 28 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 29 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 30 used use VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 31 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 32 complex complex JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 33 formation formation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 34 independent independent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 35 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 36 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 37 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 38 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 39 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 40 influences influence VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 41 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 42 efficiency efficiency NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 43 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 44 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 45 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 89 46 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 1 A a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 2 positive positive JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 3 net net JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 4 charge charge NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 5 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 6 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 7 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 8 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 9 resulting result VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 10 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 11 high high JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 12 N n CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 13 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 14 P p NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 15 ratios ratio NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 16 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 17 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 18 due due IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 19 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 20 electrostatic electrostatic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 21 repulsion repulsion NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 23 aggregation aggregation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 24 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 25 improves improve VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 27 solubility solubility NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 28 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 29 aqueous aqueous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 30 solutions solution NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 31 as as RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 32 well well RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 33 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 34 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 35 interaction interaction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 36 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 37 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 38 negatively negatively RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 39 charged charge VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 40 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 41 matrix matrix NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 42 components component NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 43 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 44 thus thus RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 45 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 46 cellular cellular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 47 uptake uptake NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 49 57 57 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 90 51 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 3 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 4 strong strong JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 5 buffer buffer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 6 capacity capacity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 7 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 8 described describe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 9 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 10 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 11 " " `` cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 12 proton proton NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 13 sponge sponge NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 14 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 15 " " '' cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 16 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 17 postulates postulate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 18 enhanced enhance VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 19 transgene transgene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 20 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 21 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 22 cationic cationic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 23 polymer polymer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 24 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 25 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 26 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 28 polyplexes polyplexes NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 30 containing contain VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 31 H h NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 32 + + CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 33 buffering buffering NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 34 polyamines polyamine NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 35 due due JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 36 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 37 enhanced enhance VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 38 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 39 Cl Cl NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 40 − − NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 41 accumulation accumulation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 42 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 43 osmotic osmotic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 44 swelling swelling NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 45 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 46 lysis lysis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 48 48 48 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 50 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 51 seems seem VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 52 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 53 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 54 responsible responsible JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 55 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 56 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 57 fact fact NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 58 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 59 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 60 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 61 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 62 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 63 does do VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 64 not not RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 65 require require VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 66 endosome endosome NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 67 disruptive disruptive JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 68 agents agent NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 69 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 70 lysosomal lysosomal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 71 escape escape NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 91 72 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 1 This this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 2 tight tight JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 3 condensation condensation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 5 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 6 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 7 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 8 as as RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 9 well well RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 10 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 11 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 12 buffering buffering NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 13 capacity capacity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 14 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 15 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 16 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 17 certain certain JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 18 cellular cellular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 19 compartments compartment NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 20 like like IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 21 endosomes endosome NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 22 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 23 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 24 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 25 protects protect VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 26 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 27 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 28 degradation degradation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 30 48 48 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 31 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 32 49 49 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 33 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 34 58 58 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 35 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 36 59 59 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 92 38 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 1 PEIs pei NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 2 have have VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 3 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 4 successfully successfully RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 5 used use VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 6 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 7 nonviral nonviral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 8 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 9 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 10 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 11 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 12 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 13 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 14 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 93 15 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 1 While while IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 2 initial initial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 3 publications publication NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 4 showed show VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 5 increased increased JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 6 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 7 efficacies efficacy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 8 when when WRB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 9 using use VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 10 high high JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 11 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 12 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 13 PEIs pei NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 15 45 45 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 17 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 18 more more RBR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 19 recent recent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 20 studies study NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 21 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 22 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 23 advantages advantage NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 24 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 25 certain certain JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 26 low low JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 27 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 28 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 29 PEIs pei NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 31 47 47 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 32 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 33 60 60 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 34 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 35 61 61 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 94 37 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 2 higher high JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 3 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 4 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 5 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 6 low low JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 7 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 8 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 9 PEIs pei NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 10 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 11 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 12 due due JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 13 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 14 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 15 more more RBR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 16 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 17 uptake uptake NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 18 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 19 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 20 resulting result VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 21 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 22 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 23 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 24 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 25 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 26 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 27 better well RBR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 28 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 29 release release NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 30 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 31 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 32 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 33 and/or and/or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 34 lower lower RBR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 35 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 36 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 37 cytotoxicity cytotoxicity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 38 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 39 compared compare VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 40 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 41 high high JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 42 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 43 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 44 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 46 60 60 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 49 61 61 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 52 62 62 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 54 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 55 63 63 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 56 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 95 57 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 2 fact fact NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 4 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 5 decrease decrease NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 6 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 7 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 8 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 9 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 10 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 11 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 12 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 13 leads lead VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 14 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 15 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 16 increase increase NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 17 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 18 complex complex JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 19 size size NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 20 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 21 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 22 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 23 favourable favourable JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 24 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 25 least least JJS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 26 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 27 in in FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 28 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 29 use use VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 31 64 64 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 32 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 33 65 65 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 96 35 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 1 On on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 2 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 3 other other JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 4 hand hand NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 5 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 6 other other JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 7 PEIs pei NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 8 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 9 very very RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 10 low low JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 11 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 12 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 14 < < NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 15 2 2 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 16 kd kd NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 18 display display VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 19 little little JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 20 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 21 no no DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 22 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 23 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 24 even even RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 25 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 26 very very RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 27 high high JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 28 N n CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 29 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 30 P p NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 31 ratios ratio NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 32 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 33 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 34 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 35 attributed attribute VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 36 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 37 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 38 fact fact NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 39 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 40 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 41 decrease decrease NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 42 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 43 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 44 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 45 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 46 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 47 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 48 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 49 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 50 shown show VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 51 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 52 translate translate VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 53 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 54 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 55 increasingly increasingly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 56 lower low JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 57 ability ability NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 58 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 59 form form VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 60 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 61 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 62 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 63 63 63 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 64 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 97 65 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 3 low low JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 4 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 5 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 6 PEIs pei NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 7 require require VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 8 higher high JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 9 N n NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 10 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 11 P p NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 12 ratios ratio NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 13 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 14 optimal optimal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 15 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 16 efficacies efficacy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 17 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 18 compared compare VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 19 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 20 higher high JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 21 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 22 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 23 PEIs pei NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 24 since since IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 25 higher high JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 26 N n NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 27 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 28 P p NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 29 ratios ratio NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 30 lead lead VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 31 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 32 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 33 increase increase NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 34 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 35 compaction compaction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 36 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 37 reduced reduce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 38 complex complex JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 39 sizes size NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 40 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 41 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 42 reduced reduce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 43 tendency tendency NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 44 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 45 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 46 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 47 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 48 aggregate aggregate VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 49 due due IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 50 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 51 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 52 interactions interaction NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 53 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 54 61 61 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 55 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 56 63 63 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 57 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 58 64 64 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 59 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 98 60 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 3 while while IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 4 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 5 parameters parameter NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 6 have have VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 7 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 8 extensively extensively RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 9 studied study VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 10 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 11 some some DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 12 precise precise JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 13 determinants determinant NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 14 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 15 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 16 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 17 remain remain VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 18 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 19 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 20 elucidated elucidate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 22 see see VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 24 50 50 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 25 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 26 66 66 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 28 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 29 review review NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 99 31 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 1 Also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 3 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 4 mechanism mechanism NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 5 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 6 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 7 cytotoxic cytotoxic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 8 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 9 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 10 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 11 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 12 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 13 only only RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 14 poorly poorly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 15 understood understand VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 100 16 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 2 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 3 rely rely VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 4 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 5 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 6 formation formation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 7 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 8 large large JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 9 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 10 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 11 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 12 range range NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 13 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 14 up up IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 15 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 16 2 2 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 17 μm μm NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 18 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 19 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 20 when when WRB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 21 formed form VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 22 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 23 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 24 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 25 surface surface NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 26 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 27 impairs impair VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 28 membrane membrane NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 29 functions function NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 30 finally finally RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 31 leading lead VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 32 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 33 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 34 necrosis necrosis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 36 60 60 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 101 38 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 1 Clearly clearly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 3 there there EX cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 4 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 5 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 6 trend trend NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 7 towards towards IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 8 low low JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 9 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 10 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 11 PEIs pei NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 12 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 13 rather rather RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 14 nontoxic nontoxic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 15 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 16 reagents reagent NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 17 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 18 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 19 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 20 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 21 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 22 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 23 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 24 combine combine VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 25 high high JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 26 biocompatibility biocompatibility NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 27 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 28 reduced reduce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 29 side side NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 30 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 31 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 32 thus thus RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 33 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 34 allowing allow VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 35 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 36 employ employ VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 37 larger large JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 38 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 39 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 40 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 41 complex complex JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 42 amounts amount NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 43 without without IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 44 significant significant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 45 cytotoxicity cytotoxicity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 102 46 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 1 More more RBR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 2 recently recently RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 4 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 5 use use NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 6 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 7 polyethylenimines polyethylenimine NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 8 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 9 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 10 extended extend VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 11 towards towards IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 12 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 13 complexation complexation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 14 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 15 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 18 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 19 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 20 especially especially RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 21 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 23 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 24 like like IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 25 37 37 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 26 nt nt RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 27 all all DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 28 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 30 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 32 67 67 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 103 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 104 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 104 2 68 68 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 104 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 105 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 105 2 69 69 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 105 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 105 4 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 105 5 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 105 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 105 7 70 70 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 105 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 106 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 106 2 Figure figure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 106 3 2 2 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 106 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 106 5 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 1 While while IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 2 chemically chemically RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 3 unmodified unmodified JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 5 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 6 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 7 very very RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 8 instable instable JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 9 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 10 prone prone JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 11 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 12 rapid rapid JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 13 degradation degradation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 14 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 15 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 16 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 17 complexation complexation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 18 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 19 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 20 shown show VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 21 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 22 lead lead VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 23 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 24 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 25 almost almost RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 26 complete complete JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 27 protection protection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 28 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 29 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 30 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 31 nonenzymatic nonenzymatic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 32 degradation degradation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 107 33 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 2 fact fact NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 4 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 5 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 6 complexed complexe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 7 siR siR NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 8 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 9 NAs NAs NNPS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 10 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 11 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 12 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 14 32 32 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 15 P]-labeled p]-labele VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 16 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 17 better well JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 18 detection detection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 19 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 20 remain remain VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 21 intact intact JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 22 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 23 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 24 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 25 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 26 hours hour NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 27 even even RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 28 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 29 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 30 presence presence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 31 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 32 RNase RNase NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 33 A A NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 34 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 35 fetal fetal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 36 calf calf NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 37 serum serum NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 38 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 108 39 37 37 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 1 • • NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 2 C C NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 4 while while IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 5 non non JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 6 - - JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 7 complexed complexed JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 8 siRNAs sirna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 9 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 10 rapidly rapidly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 11 degraded degrade VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 13 Figure figure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 14 3(a 3(a CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 109 17 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 1 This this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 2 indicates indicate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 3 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 4 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 5 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 6 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 7 efficiently efficiently RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 8 condensed condense VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 9 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 10 thus thus RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 11 fully fully RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 12 covered cover VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 13 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 14 protected protect VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 15 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 16 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 110 17 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 3 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 4 analysis analysis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 5 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 6 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 7 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 8 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 9 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 10 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 11 atomic atomic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 12 force force NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 13 microscopy microscopy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 14 showed show VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 15 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 16 absence absence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 17 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 18 free free JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 19 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 20 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 21 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 22 molecule molecule NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 23 ends end VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 24 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 25 thus thus RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 26 confirms confirm VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 27 these these DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 28 findings finding NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 29 regarding regard VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 30 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 31 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 32 complexation complexation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 34 Grzelinski Grzelinski NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 35 et et NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 36 al al NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 37 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 38 submitted submit VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 111 40 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 1 However however RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 3 while while IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 4 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 5 complex complex JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 6 stability stability NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 7 seems seem VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 8 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 9 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 10 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 11 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 12 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 13 protection protection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 14 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 15 all all DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 16 PEIs pei NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 17 tested test VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 19 Werth Werth NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 20 et et NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 21 al al NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 22 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 23 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 24 press press NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 25 ; ; : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 26 Aigner Aigner NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 27 et et NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 28 al al NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 29 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 30 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 31 data datum NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 33 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 34 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 35 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 36 these these DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 37 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 38 do do VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 39 not not RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 40 show show VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 41 any any DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 42 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 43 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 44 at at RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 45 all all RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 112 46 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 2 fact fact NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 4 only only RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 5 when when WRB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 6 using use VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 7 certain certain JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 8 polyethylenimines polyethylenimine NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 9 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 10 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 11 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 12 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 13 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 14 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 15 efficiently efficiently RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 16 delivered deliver VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 17 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 18 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 19 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 20 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 21 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 22 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 23 where where WRB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 24 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 25 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 26 released release VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 27 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 28 display display NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 29 bioactivity bioactivity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 31 Figures figure NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 32 1 1 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 33 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 34 2 2 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 113 36 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 2 general general JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 3 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 4 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 5 seen see VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 6 before before RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 7 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 8 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 9 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 10 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 11 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 13 see see VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 14 above above RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 16 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 17 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 18 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 19 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 20 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 21 dependent dependent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 22 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 23 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 24 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 25 used use VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 26 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 27 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 28 indicating indicate VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 29 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 30 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 31 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 32 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 33 efficiency efficiency NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 34 mainly mainly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 35 depends depend VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 36 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 37 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 38 endocytotic endocytotic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 39 uptake uptake NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 40 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 41 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 114 42 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 115 1 and/or and/or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 115 2 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 115 3 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 115 4 decomposition decomposition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 115 5 rather rather RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 115 6 than than IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 115 7 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 115 8 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 115 9 in in FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 115 10 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 115 11 complex complex JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 115 12 stability stability NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 115 13 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 1 Good good JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 2 results result NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 3 were be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 4 obtained obtain VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 5 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 6 commercially commercially RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 7 available available JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 8 JetPEI JetPEI NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 10 70 70 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 12 while while IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 13 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 14 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 15 vivo vivo FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 16 JetPEI jetpei FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 17 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 18 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 19 same same JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 20 supplier supplier NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 21 showed show VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 22 only only RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 23 poor poor JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 24 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 25 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 26 efficacies efficacy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 28 71 71 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 116 30 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 3 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 4 novel novel JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 5 low low JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 6 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 7 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 8 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 9 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 10 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 11 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 12 fractionation fractionation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 13 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 14 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 15 commercially commercially RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 16 available available JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 17 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 18 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 19 high high JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 20 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 21 protection protection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 22 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 23 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 24 efficacies efficacy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 25 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 117 26 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 118 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 118 2 Werth Werth NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 118 3 et et NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 118 4 al al NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 118 5 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 118 6 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 118 7 press press NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 118 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 118 9 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 1 Under under IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 2 certain certain JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 3 conditions condition NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 4 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 5 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 6 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 7 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 10 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 11 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 12 ribozyme ribozyme NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 14 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 15 retain retain VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 17 physical physical JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 18 stability stability NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 19 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 20 biological biological JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 21 activity activity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 22 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 23 after after IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 24 lyophilization lyophilization NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 27 72 72 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 29 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 30 Werth Werth NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 31 et et NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 32 al al NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 33 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 34 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 35 press press NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 119 37 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 1 Although although IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 2 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 3 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 4 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 5 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 6 only only RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 7 transient transient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 8 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 9 data datum NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 10 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 12 lab lab NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 13 show show NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 14 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 15 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 16 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 17 siRNA sirna CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 18 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 19 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 20 stable stable JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 21 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 22 at at RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 23 least least JJS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 24 7 7 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 25 days day NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 27 Urban Urban NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 28 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 29 Klein Klein NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 30 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 31 Aigner Aigner NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 32 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 33 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 34 results result NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 120 36 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 1 Finally finally RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 3 another another DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 4 study study NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 5 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 6 explored explore VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 7 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 8 use use NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 9 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 10 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 11 nanoplexes nanoplexes NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 12 comprising comprise VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 13 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 14 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 15 that that WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 16 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 17 PEGylated pegylate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 18 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 19 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 20 RGD RGD NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 21 peptide peptide NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 22 ligand ligand NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 23 attached attach VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 24 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 25 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 26 distal distal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 27 end end NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 28 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 29 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 30 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 121 31 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 1 Again again RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 3 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 4 nanoplexes nanoplexes NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 5 protect protect VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 6 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 7 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 8 serum serum NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 9 degradation degradation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 10 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 11 show show VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 12 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 13 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 14 activity activity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 16 73 73 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 122 18 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 2 ultimate ultimate JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 3 goal goal NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 4 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 5 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 6 application application NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 7 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 8 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 9 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 10 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 11 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 12 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 13 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 14 explored explore VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 15 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 16 some some DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 17 studies study NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 18 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 19 different different JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 20 mouse mouse NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 21 models model NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 123 22 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 1 Ge Ge NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 2 et et NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 3 al al NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 4 showed show VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 5 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 6 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 7 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 8 complexed complexe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 9 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 10 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 11 conserved conserved JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 12 regions region NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 13 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 14 influenza influenza NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 15 virus virus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 16 genes gene NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 17 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 18 able able JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 19 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 20 prevent prevent VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 21 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 22 treat treat VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 23 influenza influenza NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 24 virus virus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 25 infection infection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 26 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 27 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 124 28 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 1 Upon upon IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 2 IV IV NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 3 injection injection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 4 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 5 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 6 promoted promote VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 7 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 8 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 9 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 10 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 11 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 12 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 13 lungs lung NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 14 where where WRB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 15 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 16 either either CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 17 given give VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 18 before before IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 19 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 20 after after IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 21 virus virus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 22 infection infection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 23 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 24 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 25 reduced reduce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 26 influenza influenza NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 27 virus virus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 28 production production NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 29 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 30 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 31 lungs lung NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 33 74 74 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 125 35 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 1 Most Most JJS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 2 biological biological JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 3 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 5 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 6 systemic systemic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 7 application application NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 8 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 9 PEIcomplexed PEIcomplexed NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 10 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 11 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 12 however however RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 13 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 14 have have VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 15 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 16 determined determine VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 17 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 18 different different JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 19 mouse mouse NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 20 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 21 models model NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 22 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 23 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 24 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 25 different different JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 26 proteins protein NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 27 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 28 have have VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 29 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 30 shown show VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 31 previously previously RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 32 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 33 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 34 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 35 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 36 relevant relevant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 126 37 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 1 This this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 2 includes include VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 3 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 4 epidermal epidermal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 5 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 6 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 7 receptor receptor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 8 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 10 c c NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 11 - - : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 12 erbB-2 erbB-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 13 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 14 neu neu NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 16 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 17 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 18 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 19 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 20 pleiotrophin pleiotrophin NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 22 PTN PTN NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 24 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 25 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 26 vascular vascular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 27 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 28 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 29 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 31 VEGF VEGF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 33 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 34 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 35 receptor receptor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 37 VEGF VEGF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 38 R2 R2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 40 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 41 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 42 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 43 fibroblast fibroblast NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 44 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 45 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 46 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 47 binding bind VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 48 protein protein NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 49 FGF FGF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 50 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 51 BP BP NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 127 52 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 2 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 3 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 4 administration administration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 5 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 6 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 7 complexed complexed JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 8 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 9 but but CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 10 not not RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 11 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 12 naked naked JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 13 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 14 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 15 through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 16 IP ip NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 17 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 18 subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 19 injection injection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 20 resulted result VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 21 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 22 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 23 detection detection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 24 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 25 intact intact JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 26 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 27 even even RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 28 hours hour NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 29 after after IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 30 injection injection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 32 Figure figure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 33 3(b 3(b CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 128 36 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 1 Radiolabeled Radiolabeled NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 2 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 3 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 4 were be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 5 found find VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 6 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 7 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 8 organs organ NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 9 including include VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 10 subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 11 tumors tumor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 12 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 13 muscle muscle NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 14 liver liver NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 15 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 16 kidney kidney NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 17 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 18 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 19 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 20 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 21 smaller small JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 22 extent extent NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 23 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 24 lung lung NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 25 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 26 brain brain NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 129 27 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 2 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 3 important important JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 4 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 5 note note VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 6 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 7 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 8 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 9 were be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 10 actually actually RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 11 internalized internalize VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 12 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 13 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 14 tissues tissue NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 15 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 16 indicated indicate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 17 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 18 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 19 fact fact NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 20 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 21 blood blood NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 22 was be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 23 negative negative JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 24 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 25 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 27 Figure figure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 28 3(b 3(b CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 130 31 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 1 Overexpression overexpression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 2 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 3 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 4 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 5 receptor receptor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 6 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 7 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 8 observed observe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 9 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 10 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 11 wide wide JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 12 variety variety NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 13 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 14 human human JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 15 cancers cancer NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 16 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 17 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 18 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 19 lines line NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 131 20 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 1 Since since IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 2 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 3 displays display VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 4 strong strong JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 5 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 6 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 7 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 8 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 9 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 10 antiapoptotic antiapoptotic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 11 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 12 especially especially RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 13 through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 14 heterodimer heterodimer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 15 formation formation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 16 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 17 other other JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 18 members member NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 19 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 20 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 21 EGFR EGFR NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 22 family family NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 23 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 24 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 25 overexpression overexpression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 26 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 27 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 28 established establish VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 29 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 30 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 31 negative negative JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 32 prognostic prognostic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 33 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 34 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 35 linked link VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 36 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 37 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 38 more more RBR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 39 aggressive aggressive JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 40 malignant malignant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 41 behaviour behaviour NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 42 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 43 tumors tumor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 45 eg eg IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 46 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 48 75 75 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 132 51 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 3 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 4 qualifies qualify VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 5 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 6 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 7 attractive attractive JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 8 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 9 molecule molecule NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 10 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 11 antitumoral antitumoral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 12 treatment treatment NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 13 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 14 including include VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 15 anti anti JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 16 - - JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 17 HER-2 her-2 JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 18 antibodies antibody NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 19 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 20 low low JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 21 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 22 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 23 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 24 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 25 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 26 HER-2-specific HER-2-specific NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 27 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 28 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 29 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 30 approaches approach NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 133 31 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 134 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 134 2 fact fact NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 134 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 134 4 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 134 5 relevance relevance NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 134 6 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 134 7 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 2 over-)expression over-)expression NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 3 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 4 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 5 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 6 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 7 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 8 established establish VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 9 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 10 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 11 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 12 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 13 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 14 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 15 studies study NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 16 including include VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 17 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 18 use use NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 19 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 20 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 22 76 76 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 23 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 24 78 78 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 25 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 26 79 79 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 135 28 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 136 1 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 136 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 136 3 80 80 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 136 4 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 136 5 81 81 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 136 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 136 7 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 137 1 proposed propose VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 137 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 137 3 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 137 4 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 137 5 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 137 6 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 137 7 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 137 8 transfer transfer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 137 9 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 1 Due due IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 2 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 3 electrostatic electrostatic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 4 interactions interaction NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 5 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 6 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 7 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 8 able able JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 9 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 10 complex complex VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 11 negatively negatively RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 12 charged charge VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 13 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 14 leading lead VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 15 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 16 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 17 compaction compaction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 18 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 19 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 20 formation formation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 21 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 22 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 23 colloidal colloidal NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 24 particles particle NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 25 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 26 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 27 endocytosed endocytose VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 138 28 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 2 " " `` cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 3 proton proton NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 4 sponge sponge NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 5 effect effect NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 6 " " '' cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 7 exhibited exhibit VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 8 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 9 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 10 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 11 leads lead VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 12 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 13 osmotic osmotic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 14 swelling swelling NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 15 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 16 ultimately ultimately RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 17 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 18 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 19 disruption disruption NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 20 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 21 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 22 endosomes endosome NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 139 23 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 1 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 2 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 3 protected protect VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 4 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 5 degradation degradation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 6 due due IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 7 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 9 tight tight JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 10 condensation condensation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 11 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 12 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 13 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 14 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 15 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 16 buffering buffering NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 17 capacity capacity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 18 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 19 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 140 20 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 1 Upon upon IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 3 release release NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 4 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 5 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 6 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 7 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 8 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 9 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 10 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 11 intact intact JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 12 siRNAs sirna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 13 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 14 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 15 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 16 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 17 RISC RISC NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 18 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 19 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 20 induce induce VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 21 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 23 see see VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 24 Figure Figure NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 25 1 1 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 141 27 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 2 was be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 3 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 4 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 5 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 6 reduction reduction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 7 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 8 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 9 leads lead VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 10 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 11 among among IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 12 others other NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 13 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 14 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 15 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 16 inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 17 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 18 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 19 proliferation proliferation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 20 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 21 increased increase VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 22 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 142 23 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 2 systemic systemic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 3 treatment treatment NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 5 athymic athymic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 6 nude nude JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 7 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 8 bearing bear VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 9 subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 10 SKOV-3 SKOV-3 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 11 ovarian ovarian JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 12 carcinoma carcinoma NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 13 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 14 xenografts xenograft NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 15 through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 16 IP ip NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 17 injection injection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 18 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 19 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 20 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 21 complexed complexe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 22 HER-2-specific HER-2-specific NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 23 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 24 led lead VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 25 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 26 marked mark VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 27 antitumoral antitumoral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 28 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 29 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 30 seen see VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 31 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 32 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 33 significant significant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 34 reduction reduction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 35 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 36 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 38 Figure figure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 39 4 4 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 42 70 70 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 143 44 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 144 1 PEIcomplexed PEIcomplexed NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 144 2 nonspecific nonspecific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 144 3 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 144 4 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 144 5 HER-2-specific her-2-specific NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 144 6 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 144 7 naked naked JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 144 8 siR siR NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 144 9 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 144 10 NAs NAs NNPS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 144 11 had have VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 144 12 no no DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 144 13 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 144 14 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 1 This this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 2 was be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 3 paralleled parallel VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 4 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 5 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 6 detection detection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 7 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 8 intact intact JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 9 HER-2-specific HER-2-specific NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 10 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 11 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 12 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 13 tumors tumor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 14 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 15 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 16 specific specific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 17 treatment treatment NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 145 18 group group NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 1 already already RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 2 30 30 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 3 min min NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 4 after after IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 5 administration administration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 6 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 7 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 8 at at RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 9 least least JJS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 10 4 4 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 11 h h NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 12 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 13 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 14 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 15 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 16 downregulation downregulation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 17 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 18 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 19 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 20 mRNA mrna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 21 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 22 protein protein NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 23 levels level NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 25 70 70 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 146 27 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 1 Another another DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 2 receptor receptor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 4 VEGF VEGF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 5 R2 R2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 6 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 7 was be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 8 targeted target VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 9 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 10 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 11 study study NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 12 employing employ VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 13 self self NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 14 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 15 assembling assemble VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 16 nanoparticles nanoparticle NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 17 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 18 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 19 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 20 complexed complexed JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 21 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 22 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 23 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 24 PEGylated pegylate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 25 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 26 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 27 RGD RGD NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 28 peptide peptide NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 29 ligand ligand NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 30 attached attach VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 31 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 32 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 33 distal distal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 34 end end NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 35 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 36 PEG peg NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 147 37 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 1 While while IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 2 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 3 PEGylation pegylation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 4 allows allow VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 5 steric steric JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 6 stabilization stabilization NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 7 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 8 reduces reduce VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 9 nonspecific nonspecific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 10 interactions interaction NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 11 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 12 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 13 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 14 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 15 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 16 RGD RGD NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 17 motif motif NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 18 provided provide VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 19 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 20 selectivity selectivity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 21 due due IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 22 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 24 ability ability NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 25 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 26 target target VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 27 integrins integrin NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 28 expressed express VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 29 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 30 activated activate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 31 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 32 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 33 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 34 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 35 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 36 vasculature vasculature NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 148 37 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 1 Upon upon IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 2 IV IV NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 3 administration administration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 4 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 5 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 6 bearing bear VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 7 subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 8 N2A n2a CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 9 neuroblastoma neuroblastoma NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 10 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 11 xenografts xenograft NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 12 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 13 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 14 selective selective JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 15 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 16 uptake uptake NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 17 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 18 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 19 VEGF VEGF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 20 R2 R2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 21 downregulation downregulation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 22 were be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 23 observed observe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 24 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 25 resulting result VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 26 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 27 decreased decreased JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 28 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 29 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 30 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 31 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 32 angiogenesis angiogenesis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 34 73 73 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 149 36 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 2 receptor receptor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 3 ligand ligand NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 4 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 5 VEGF VEGF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 6 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 7 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 8 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 9 mitogenic mitogenic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 10 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 11 angiogenic angiogenic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 12 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 13 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 14 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 15 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 16 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 17 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 18 angiogenesis angiogenesis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 19 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 20 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 21 tumors tumor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 22 including include VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 23 prostate prostate NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 24 carcinoma carcinoma NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 150 25 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 1 Thus thus RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 4 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 5 represent represent VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 6 attractive attractive JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 7 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 8 molecule molecule NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 9 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 10 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 11 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 12 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 13 genetargeting genetargeting NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 14 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 15 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 16 bearing bear VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 17 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 18 mind mind NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 19 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 20 double double JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 21 antitumoral antitumoral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 22 effect effect NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 23 due due IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 24 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 25 reduction reduction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 26 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 27 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 28 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 29 proliferation proliferation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 30 as as RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 31 well well RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 32 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 33 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 34 angiogenesis angiogenesis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 151 35 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 2 subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 3 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 4 intraperitoneal intraperitoneal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 5 injection injection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 6 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 7 VEGF VEGF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 8 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 9 specific specific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 10 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 11 complexed complexed JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 12 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 13 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 14 novel novel JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 15 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 16 obtained obtain VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 17 through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 18 fractionation fractionation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 19 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 20 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 21 commercially commercially RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 22 available available JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 23 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 25 Werth Werth NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 26 et et NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 27 al al NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 28 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 29 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 30 press press NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 32 resulted result VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 33 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 34 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 35 reduction reduction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 36 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 37 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 38 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 39 due due JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 40 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 41 decreased decrease VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 42 VEGF VEGF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 43 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 44 levels level NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 46 Höbel Höbel NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 47 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 48 Aigner Aigner NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 49 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 50 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 51 results result NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 152 53 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 2 same same JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 3 was be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 4 true true JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 5 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 6 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 7 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 8 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 9 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 10 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 11 targeting targeting NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 12 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 13 FGF FGF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 14 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 15 BP BP NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 17 Dai Dai NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 18 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 19 Aigner Aigner NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 20 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 21 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 22 results result NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 24 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 25 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 26 has have VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 27 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 28 established establish VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 29 Figure figure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 30 3 3 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 31 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 32 Protection protection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 33 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 34 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 35 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 36 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 37 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 38 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 39 upon upon IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 40 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 41 complexation complexation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 153 42 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 3 70 70 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 6 a a LS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 8 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 9 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 10 protection protection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 11 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 12 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 13 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 14 nucleolytic nucleolytic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 15 degradation degradation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 154 16 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 2 32 32 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 3 P p NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 5 end end NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 6 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 7 labeled label VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 8 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 9 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 10 complexed complexed JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 12 upper upper JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 13 panel panel NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 15 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 16 not not RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 17 complexed complexed JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 19 lower low JJR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 20 panel panel NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 22 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 23 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 24 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 25 were be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 26 subjected subject VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 27 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 28 treatment treatment NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 29 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 30 1 1 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 31 % % NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 32 fetal fetal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 33 calf calf NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 34 serum serum NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 35 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 155 36 37 37 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 156 1 • • NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 157 1 C. C. NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 1 At at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 2 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 3 time time NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 4 points point NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 5 indicated indicate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 6 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 7 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 8 samples sample NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 9 were be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 10 analysed analyse VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 11 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 12 agarose agarose JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 13 gel gel NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 14 electrophoresis electrophoresis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 15 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 16 blotting blotting NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 17 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 18 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 19 autoradiography autoradiography NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 158 20 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 2 bands band NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 3 represent represent VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 4 full full JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 5 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 6 length length NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 7 siRNA sirna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 8 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 9 indicating indicate VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 10 that that IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 11 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 12 complexation complexation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 13 leads lead VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 14 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 15 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 16 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 17 protection protection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 18 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 19 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 20 while while IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 21 noncomplexed noncomplexed NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 22 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 23 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 24 rapidly rapidly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 25 degraded degrade VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 159 26 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 160 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 160 2 b b NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 160 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 160 4 c c NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 160 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 161 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 161 2 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 161 3 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 161 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 161 5 intact intact JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 161 6 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 161 7 upon upon IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 161 8 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 161 9 complexation complexation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 161 10 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 2 32 32 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 3 P]-labeled P]-labeled NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 4 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 5 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 6 complexed complexed JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 8 + + CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 10 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 11 not not RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 12 complexed complexed JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 14 − − NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 16 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 17 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 18 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 19 were be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 20 injected inject VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 21 IP ip NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 22 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 23 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 24 bearing bear VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 25 subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 26 SKOV-3 SKOV-3 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 27 ovarian ovarian JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 28 carcinoma carcinoma NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 29 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 30 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 31 xenografts xenograft NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 32 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 33 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 34 after after IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 35 30 30 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 36 min min NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 38 b b NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 40 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 41 4 4 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 42 h h NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 44 b b NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 46 total total NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 47 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 48 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 49 various various JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 50 organ organ NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 51 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 52 tissue tissue NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 53 homogenates homogenate NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 54 was be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 55 prepared prepare VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 56 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 57 subjected subject VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 58 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 59 agarose agarose VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 60 gel gel NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 61 electrophoresis electrophoresis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 62 prior prior RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 63 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 64 blotting blotting NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 65 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 66 autoradiography autoradiography NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 162 67 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 2 bands band NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 3 represent represent VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 4 intact intact JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 6 32 32 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 7 P]-labeled P]-labeled NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 8 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 9 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 10 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 11 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 12 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 13 hours hour NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 14 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 15 mainly mainly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 16 found find VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 17 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 18 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 19 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 20 muscle muscle NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 21 as as RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 22 well well RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 23 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 24 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 25 liver liver NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 26 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 27 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 28 time time NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 29 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 30 dependently dependently RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 31 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 32 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 33 kidney kidney NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 163 34 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 1 Only only RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 2 little little JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 3 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 4 amounts amount NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 5 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 6 detected detect VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 7 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 8 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 9 lung lung NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 10 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 11 traces trace NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 12 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 13 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 14 brain brain NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 164 15 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 1 previously previously RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 2 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 3 " " `` cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 4 rate rate NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 5 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 6 limiting limit VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 7 " " '' cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 8 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 9 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 10 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 11 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 12 angiogenesis angiogenesis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 13 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 14 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 15 tumors tumor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 18 82 82 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 19 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 20 83 83 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 22 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 23 see see VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 25 84 84 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 27 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 28 review review NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 165 30 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 1 Finally finally RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 3 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 4 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 5 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 6 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 7 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 8 targeting targeting NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 9 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 10 pleiotrophin pleiotrophin NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 12 PTN PTN NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 14 exerted exert VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 15 strong strong JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 16 antitumoral antitumoral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 17 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 166 18 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 1 PTN PTN NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 2 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 3 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 4 secreted secrete VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 5 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 6 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 7 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 8 shows show VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 9 mitogenic mitogenic NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 10 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 11 chemotactic chemotactic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 12 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 13 angiogenic angiogenic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 14 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 15 transforming transform VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 16 activity activity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 18 85 85 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 167 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 168 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 168 2 86 86 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 168 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 168 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 168 5 87 87 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 168 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 168 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 168 8 88 88 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 168 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 169 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 169 2 89 89 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 169 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 170 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 170 2 90 90 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 170 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 170 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 170 5 91 91 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 170 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 170 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 170 8 92 92 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 170 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 171 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 171 2 93 93 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 171 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 171 4 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 1 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 2 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 3 markedly markedly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 4 upregulated upregulate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 5 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 6 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 7 human human JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 8 tumors tumor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 9 including include VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 10 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 11 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 12 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 13 breast breast NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 14 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 15 testis testis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 16 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 17 prostate prostate NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 18 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 19 pancreas pancrea NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 20 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 21 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 22 lung lung NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 23 as as RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 24 well well RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 25 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 26 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 27 melanomas melanoma NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 28 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 29 meningiomas meningiomas NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 30 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 31 neuroblastomas neuroblastomas NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 32 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 33 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 34 glioblastomas glioblastomas NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 172 35 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 2 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 3 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 4 treatment treatment NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 5 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 6 nude nude JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 7 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 8 through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 9 systemic systemic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 10 subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 11 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 12 IP ip NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 13 application application NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 14 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 15 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 16 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 17 complexed complexe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 18 PTN PTN NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 19 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 20 led lead VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 21 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 22 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 23 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 24 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 25 intact intact JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 26 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 27 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 28 subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 29 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 30 xenografts xenograft NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 31 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 32 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 33 significant significant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 34 inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 35 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 36 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 37 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 173 38 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 3 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 4 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 5 clinically clinically RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 6 more more RBR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 7 relevant relevant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 8 orthotopic orthotopic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 9 mouse mouse NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 10 glioblastoma glioblastoma NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 11 model model NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 12 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 13 U87 U87 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 14 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 15 growing grow VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 16 intracranially intracranially RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 17 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 18 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 19 injection injection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 20 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 21 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 22 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 23 complexed complexe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 24 PTN PTN NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 25 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 26 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 27 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 28 CNS CNS NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 29 exerted exert VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 30 antitumoral antitumoral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 31 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 174 32 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 1 This this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 2 establishes establish VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 3 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 4 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 5 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 6 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 7 complex complex JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 8 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 9 relevant relevant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 10 orthotopic orthotopic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 11 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 12 model model NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 13 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 14 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 15 potential potential NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 17 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 18 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 19 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 20 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 21 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 22 PTN PTN NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 23 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 24 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 25 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 26 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 27 novel novel JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 28 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 29 option option NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 30 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 31 GBM GBM NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 32 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 33 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 34 further further RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 35 extends extend VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 36 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 37 modes mode NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 38 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 39 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 40 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 41 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 42 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 43 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 44 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 45 intrathecal intrathecal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 46 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 47 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 48 employed employ VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 49 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 50 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 51 therapy therapy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 52 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 53 glioblastomas glioblastomas NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 54 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 55 antisense antisense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 56 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 175 57 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 1 Only only RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 2 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 3 few few JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 4 years year NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 5 after after IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 7 discovery discovery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 8 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 9 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 10 are be VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 11 catching catch VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 12 up up RP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 13 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 14 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 15 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 16 antisense antisense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 17 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 18 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 19 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 20 tools tool NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 21 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 22 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 23 targeting targeting NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 24 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 25 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 26 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 27 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 28 more more RBR cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 29 recently recently RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 30 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 31 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 32 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 33 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 176 34 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 1 This this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 2 includes include VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 3 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 4 exploration exploration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 5 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 7 potential potential NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 8 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 9 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 10 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 11 will will MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 12 lead lead VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 13 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 14 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 15 development development NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 17 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 18 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 19 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 20 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 21 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 177 22 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 2 ultimate ultimate JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 3 success success NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 4 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 5 however however RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 6 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 7 will will MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 8 Figure figure VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 9 4 4 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 10 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 11 Systemic systemic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 12 treatment treatment NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 13 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 14 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 15 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 16 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 17 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 18 complexed complexe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 19 HER-2-specific HER-2-specific NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 20 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 21 leads lead VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 22 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 23 reduced reduce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 24 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 25 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 26 subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 27 SKOV-3 SKOV-3 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 28 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 29 xenografts xenograft NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 30 due due JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 31 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 32 decreased decrease VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 33 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 34 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 178 35 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 3 70 70 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 5 athymic athymic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 6 nude nude JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 7 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 8 bearing bear VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 9 subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 10 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 11 xenografts xenograft NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 12 were be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 13 injected inject VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 14 IP ip NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 15 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 16 0.6 0.6 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 17 nmoles nmole NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 18 HER-2-specific HER-2-specific NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 19 naked naked JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 21 open open JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 22 circles circle NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 24 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 25 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 26 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 27 complexed complexed NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 29 closed closed JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 30 circles circle NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 179 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 1 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 2 2 2 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 3 - - SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 4 3 3 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 5 times time NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 6 per per IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 7 week week NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 8 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 9 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 10 sizes size NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 11 were be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 12 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 13 daily daily RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 14 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 15 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 16 product product NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 17 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 18 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 19 perpendicular perpendicular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 20 diameters diameter NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 21 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 22 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 23 tumors tumor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 180 24 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 181 1 Mean mean JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 181 2 + + CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 1 /-standard /-standard NFP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 2 error error NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 3 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 4 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 5 mean mean JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 7 SEM SEM NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 9 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 10 depicted depict VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 11 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 12 Student Student NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 13 's 's POS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 14 unpaired unpaired JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 15 t t NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 16 test test NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 17 was be VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 18 used use VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 19 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 20 comparisons comparison NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 21 between between IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 22 data data NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 23 sets set NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 25 * * NFP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 26 * * NFP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 27 P p NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 28 < < XX cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 29 .03 .03 NFP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 182 30 , , . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 183 1 * * NFP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 183 2 * * NFP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 183 3 * * NFP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 183 4 P p NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 183 5 < < XX cord-048322-5eqdrd52 183 6 .01 .01 NFP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 183 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 183 8 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 1 Differences difference NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 2 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 3 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 4 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 5 reach reach VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 6 significance significance NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 7 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 8 day day NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 9 5 5 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 10 indicating indicate VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 11 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 12 antitumoral antitumoral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 13 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 14 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 15 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 16 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 17 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 18 complexed complexe VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 19 HER-2-specific HER-2-specific NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 20 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 184 21 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 1 strongly strongly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 2 depend depend VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 3 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 4 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 5 development development NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 6 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 7 powerful powerful JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 8 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 9 feasible feasible JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 10 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 11 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 12 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 13 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 14 need need VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 15 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 16 address address VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 17 several several JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 18 issues issue NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 19 including include VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 20 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 21 stability stability NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 22 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 23 stabilization stabilization NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 24 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 25 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 26 molecules molecule NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 27 while while IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 28 preserving preserve VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 30 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 31 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 32 maintaining maintain VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 33 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 34 genesilencing genesilence VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 35 activity activity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 36 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 37 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 38 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 39 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 40 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 41 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 185 42 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 1 organ(s organ(s NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 3 as as RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 4 well well RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 5 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 6 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 7 sufficiently sufficiently RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 8 long long JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 9 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 10 half half JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 11 life life NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 12 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 13 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 14 organism organism NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 15 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 16 particularly particularly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 17 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 18 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 19 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 20 organ organ NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 186 21 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 1 Thus thus RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 2 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 3 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 4 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 5 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 6 must must MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 7 provide provide VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 8 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 9 protection protection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 10 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 11 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 12 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 13 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 14 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 15 absence absence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 17 toxic toxic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 18 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 19 nonspecific nonspecific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 20 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 21 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 23 must must MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 24 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 25 efficacious efficacious JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 26 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 27 when when WRB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 28 using use VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 29 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 30 amounts amount NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 31 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 32 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 33 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 34 must must MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 35 be be VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 36 applicable applicable JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 37 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 38 various various JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 39 treatment treatment NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 40 regimens regimen NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 41 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 42 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 43 various various JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 44 diseases disease NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 45 even even RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 46 when when WRB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 47 this this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 48 requires require VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 49 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 50 overcome overcome VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 51 biological biological JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 52 barriers barrier NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 53 after after IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 54 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 55 administration administration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 56 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 57 reach reach VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 58 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 59 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 60 tissue tissue NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 61 or or CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 62 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 63 organ organ NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 187 64 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 2 research research NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 3 done do VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 4 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 5 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 6 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 7 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 8 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 9 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 10 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 11 ribozyme ribozyme NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 12 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 13 targeting targeting NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 14 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 15 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 16 antisense antisense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 17 technology technology NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 18 will will MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 19 facilitate facilitate VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 20 this this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 21 process process NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 22 since since IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 24 already already RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 25 provides provide VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 26 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 27 basis basis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 28 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 29 established establish VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 30 technologies technology NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 188 31 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 1 This this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 2 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 3 also also RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 4 true true JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 5 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 6 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 7 complexation complexation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 8 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 9 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 10 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 11 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 12 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 13 which which WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 14 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 15 represent represent VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 16 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 17 promising promising JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 18 avenue avenue NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 19 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 20 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 21 applications application NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 22 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 23 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 189 24 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 190 1 This this DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 190 2 may may MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 190 3 eventually eventually RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 190 4 lead lead VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 190 5 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 190 6 novel novel JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 190 7 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 190 8 strategies strategy NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 190 9 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 190 10 _SP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 2 work work NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 3 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 4 A. a. NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 5 Aigner Aigner NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 6 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 7 supported support VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 8 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 9 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 10 Deutsche Deutsche NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 11 Forschungsgemeinschaft Forschungsgemeinschaft NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 13 AI AI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 14 24/5 24/5 NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 15 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 16 1 1 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 18 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 19 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 20 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 21 Deutsche Deutsche NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 22 Krebshilfe Krebshilfe NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 191 23 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 2 author author NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 3 would would MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 4 like like VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 5 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 6 apologize apologize VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 7 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 8 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 9 authors author NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 10 whose whose WP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 11 primary primary JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 12 works work NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 13 have have VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 14 not not RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 15 been be VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 16 cited cite VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 17 due due IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 18 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 19 length length NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 20 considerations consideration NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 192 21 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 1 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 2 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 3 Rous rous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 4 sarcoma sarcoma NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 5 viral viral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 7 translation translation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 8 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 9 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 10 specific specific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 11 oligodeoxyribonucleotide oligodeoxyribonucleotide NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 12 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 13 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 14 Rous rous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 15 sarcoma sarcoma NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 16 virus virus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 17 replication replication NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 18 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 19 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 20 transformation transformation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 21 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 22 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 23 specific specific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 193 24 oligodeoxynucleotide oligodeoxynucleotide NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 2 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 3 splicing splicing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 5 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 6 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 8 precursor precursor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 9 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 10 Tetrahymena Tetrahymena NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 11 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 12 involvement involvement NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 13 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 14 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 15 guanosine guanosine NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 16 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 17 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 18 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 19 excision excision NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 20 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 21 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 22 intervening intervene VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 23 sequence sequence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 24 Self self NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 25 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 26 splicing splice VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 27 RNA rna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 28 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 29 autoexcision autoexcision NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 30 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 31 autocyclization autocyclization NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 32 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 33 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 34 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 35 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 36 intervening intervene VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 37 sequence sequence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 38 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 39 Tetrahymena Tetrahymena NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 40 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 41 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 42 moiety moiety NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 43 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 44 ribonuclease ribonuclease NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 45 P p NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 46 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 47 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 48 catalytic catalytic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 49 subunit subunit NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 50 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 51 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 52 enzyme enzyme NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 53 Potent potent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 54 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 55 specific specific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 56 genetic genetic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 57 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 58 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 59 double double RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 60 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 61 stranded strand VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 62 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 63 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 194 64 caenorhabditis caenorhabditis NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 1 elegans elegan NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 2 Altered altered JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 3 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 4 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 5 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 6 plants plant NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 7 due due JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 8 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 9 trans trans JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 10 interactions interaction NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 11 between between IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 12 homologous homologous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 13 genes gene NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 14 par-1 par-1 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 15 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 16 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 17 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 18 required require VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 19 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 20 establishing establish VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 21 polarity polarity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 22 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 23 C. C. NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 24 elegans elegan NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 25 embryos embryo NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 26 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 27 encodes encode VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 28 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 29 putative putative JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 30 Ser Ser NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 31 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 32 Thr Thr NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 33 kinase kinase NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 34 that that WDT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 35 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 36 asymmetrically asymmetrically RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 37 distributed distribute VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 38 A a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 39 species specie NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 40 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 41 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 42 antisense antisense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 43 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 44 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 45 posttranscriptional posttranscriptional JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 46 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 47 silencing silence VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 48 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 195 49 plants plant NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 196 1 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 196 2 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 196 3 doublestranded doublestranded NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 196 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 196 5 directs direct VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 196 6 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 196 7 ATP ATP NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 196 8 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 196 9 dependent dependent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 196 10 cleavage cleavage NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 196 11 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 196 12 mRNA mrna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 196 13 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 1 21 21 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 2 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 3 23 23 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 4 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 5 intervals interval NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 6 Role role VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 7 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 8 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 9 bidentate bidentate JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 10 ribonuclease ribonuclease NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 11 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 12 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 13 initiation initiation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 14 step step NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 15 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 17 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 19 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 20 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 21 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 22 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 23 21-and 21-and CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 24 22-nucleotide 22-nucleotide CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 197 25 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 1 An an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 2 RNAdirected rnadirected JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 3 nuclease nuclease NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 4 mediates mediate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 5 post post JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 6 - - JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 7 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 8 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 9 silencing silence VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 10 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 11 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 12 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 13 Structural structural JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 14 domains domain NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 15 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 16 RNAi RNAi NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 198 17 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 1 FEBS FEBS NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 2 Letters Letters NNPS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 3 ATP ATP NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 4 requirements requirement NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 5 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 6 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 7 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 9 structure structure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 10 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 11 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 13 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 14 pathway pathway NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 15 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 17 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 18 function function NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 19 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 20 somatic somatic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 21 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 22 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 23 using use VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 24 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 25 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 26 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 27 Functional functional JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 28 anatomy anatomy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 29 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 30 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 31 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 32 mediating mediate VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 33 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 34 RNAi RNAi NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 35 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 36 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 37 melanogaster melanogaster NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 38 embryo embryo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 39 lysate lysate NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 40 Positional positional JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 41 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 42 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 43 short short JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 44 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 45 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 46 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 47 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 48 human human JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 49 coagulation coagulation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 50 trigger trigger NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 51 Tissue tissue NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 52 Factor Factor NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 53 Synthetic Synthetic NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 199 54 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 200 1 Dicer dicer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 200 2 substrates substrate NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 200 3 enhance enhance VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 200 4 RNAi rnai NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 200 5 potency potency NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 200 6 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 200 7 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 201 1 Rational Rational NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 201 2 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 201 3 design design NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 201 4 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 201 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 201 6 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 201 7 Site site NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 201 8 specific specific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 201 9 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 201 10 cleavage cleavage NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 201 11 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 201 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 2 efficacy efficacy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 3 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 4 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 5 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 6 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 7 targeted target VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 8 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 9 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 10 type type NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 11 1 1 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 12 insulin insulin NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 13 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 14 like like JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 15 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 16 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 17 receptor receptor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 19 IGF1R igf1r NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 21 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 22 influenced influence VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 23 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 24 secondary secondary JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 25 structure structure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 26 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 27 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 28 IGF1R IGF1R NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 29 transcript transcript NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 30 Expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 31 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 32 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 33 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 34 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 35 targeted target VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 36 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 37 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 38 rev rev NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 39 transcripts transcript NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 40 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 41 human human JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 202 42 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 1 A a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 2 statistical statistical JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 3 sampling sampling NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 4 algorithm algorithm NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 5 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 7 secondary secondary JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 8 structure structure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 9 prediction prediction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 10 Efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 11 reduction reduction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 12 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 13 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 14 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 15 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 16 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 17 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 19 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 20 RNase RNase NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 21 H H NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 22 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 23 dependent dependent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 24 antisense antisense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 25 agents agent NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 203 26 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 204 1 A a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 204 2 comparative comparative JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 204 3 analysis analysis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 1 Effective effective JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 2 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 3 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 4 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 5 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 6 phosphorothioate phosphorothioate NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 7 antisense antisense NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 8 DNAs dna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 9 have have VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 10 different different JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 11 preferences preference NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 12 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 13 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 14 sites site NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 15 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 16 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 17 luciferase luciferase NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 18 mR mR NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 19 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 205 20 NAs NAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 2 activity activity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 3 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 4 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 5 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 6 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 7 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 8 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 9 related relate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 10 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 11 structural structural JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 12 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 13 accessibility accessibility NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 14 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 15 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 16 comparison comparison NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 17 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 18 antisense antisense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 19 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 20 Mammalian mammalian JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 21 RNAi RNAi NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 22 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 23 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 24 practical practical JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 25 guide guide NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 26 Expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 27 profiling profiling NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 28 reveals reveal VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 29 off off IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 30 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 31 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 32 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 33 regulation regulation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 34 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 35 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 36 Sequence sequence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 37 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 38 specific specific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 39 potent potent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 40 induction induction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 41 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 42 IFN IFN NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 43 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 44 alpha alpha NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 45 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 46 short short JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 47 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 48 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 49 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 50 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 51 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 52 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 53 through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 54 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 55 Activation Activation NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 56 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 57 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 58 interferon interferon NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 59 system system NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 60 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 61 short short RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 62 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 63 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 64 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 65 Induction Induction NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 66 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 67 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 68 interferon interferon NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 69 response response NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 70 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 71 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 72 vectors vector NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 73 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 74 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 75 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 76 Duplexes duplex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 77 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 78 21-nucleotide 21-nucleotide CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 79 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 80 mediate mediate VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 81 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 82 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 83 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 84 cultured cultured JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 85 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 206 86 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 1 Specific specific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 2 inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 3 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 4 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 5 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 6 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 7 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 8 double double RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 9 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 10 stranded stranded JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 11 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 12 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 13 invertebrate invertebrate JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 14 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 15 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 16 systems system NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 17 Sequence sequence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 18 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 19 dependent dependent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 20 stimulation stimulation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 21 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 22 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 23 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 24 innate innate JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 25 immune immune JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 26 response response NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 27 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 28 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 29 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 30 Interferon Interferon NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 31 induction induction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 32 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 33 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 34 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 35 ssRNAs ssRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 36 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 37 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 38 phage phage NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 39 polymerase polymerase NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 40 Virus Virus NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 41 treatment treatment NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 42 questioned question VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 43 after after IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 44 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 45 therapy therapy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 46 death death NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 47 Molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 48 basis basis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 49 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 50 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 51 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 52 response response NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 53 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 54 adenovirus adenovirus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 55 vectors vector NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 56 Immune immune JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 57 responses response NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 58 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 59 adeno adeno NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 60 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 61 associated associate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 62 virus virus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 63 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 64 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 65 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 66 vectors vector NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 67 Helper helper NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 68 virus virus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 69 induced induce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 70 T T NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 71 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 72 lymphoma lymphoma NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 73 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 74 nonhuman nonhuman NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 75 primates primate NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 76 after after IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 77 retroviral retroviral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 78 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 79 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 80 transfer transfer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 81 Prospects prospect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 82 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 83 cationic cationic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 84 polymers polymer NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 85 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 86 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 87 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 88 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 89 therapy therapy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 90 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 91 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 207 92 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 1 Advanced Advanced NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 2 Drug Drug NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 3 Delivery Delivery NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 4 Reviews Reviews NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 5 Cationic Cationic NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 6 liposomes liposome NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 7 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 8 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 9 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 10 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 11 novel novel JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 12 cationic cationic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 13 lipids lipid NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 14 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 15 enhancement enhancement NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 16 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 17 proteins protein NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 18 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 19 peptides peptide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 20 Cationic Cationic NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 21 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 22 lipids lipid VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 23 High high JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 24 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 25 throughput throughput NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 26 screening screening NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 27 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 28 effective effective JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 29 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 30 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 31 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 32 libraries library NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 33 delivered deliver VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 34 via via IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 35 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 36 invasion invasion NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 37 Size size NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 38 matters matter NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 39 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 40 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 41 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 42 affects affect VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 43 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 44 efficiency efficiency NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 45 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 46 poly(ethylenimine poly(ethylenimine NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 48 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 49 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 50 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 51 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 208 52 vehicle vehicle NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 2 influence influence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 3 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 4 polymer polymer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 5 structure structure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 6 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 7 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 8 interactions interaction NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 9 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 10 cationic cationic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 11 polymers polymer NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 12 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 13 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 14 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 15 morphology morphology NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 17 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 18 resulting result VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 19 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 20 Preparation preparation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 21 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 22 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 23 low low JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 24 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 25 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 26 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 27 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 28 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 29 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 209 30 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 1 A a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 2 versatile versatile JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 3 vector vector NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 4 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 5 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 6 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 7 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 8 transfer transfer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 9 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 10 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 11 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 12 culture culture NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 13 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 14 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 15 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 210 16 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 211 1 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 212 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 212 2 proton proton NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 212 3 sponge sponge NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 212 4 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 1 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 2 trick trick NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 3 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 4 enter enter VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 5 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 6 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 7 viruses virus NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 8 did do VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 9 not not RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 10 exploit exploit VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 11 Recent recent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 12 advances advance NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 13 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 14 rational rational JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 15 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 16 transfer transfer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 17 vector vector NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 18 design design NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 19 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 20 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 21 poly(ethylene poly(ethylene JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 22 imine imine NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 24 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 26 derivatives derivative NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 27 Gene Gene NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 28 transfer transfer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 29 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 30 modified modified JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 31 polyethylenimines polyethylenimine NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 32 Targeted target VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 33 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 34 acid acid NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 35 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 36 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 37 tumors tumor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 38 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 39 new new JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 40 avenues avenue NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 41 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 42 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 43 therapy therapy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 44 Transfer Transfer NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 45 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 46 YACs yac NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 47 up up IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 48 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 49 2.3 2.3 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 50 Mb Mb NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 51 intact intact JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 52 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 53 human human JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 54 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 55 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 56 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 57 A a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 58 powerful powerful JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 59 nonviral nonviral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 60 vector vector NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 61 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 62 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 63 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 64 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 65 transfer transfer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 66 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 67 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 68 adult adult NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 69 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 70 brain brain NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 71 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 72 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 73 Nonviral Nonviral NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 74 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 75 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 76 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 77 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 78 rat rat NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 79 kidney kidney NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 80 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 81 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 82 Polyethylenimine Polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 83 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 84 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 85 intravenous intravenous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 86 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 87 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 88 transgenes transgene NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 89 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 90 mouse mouse VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 91 lung lung NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 92 Polyethylenimine Polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 93 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 94 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 95 cellular cellular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 96 uptake uptake NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 97 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 98 nucleus nucleus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 99 trafficking trafficking NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 100 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 101 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 102 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 103 cytokine cytokine NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 104 plasmid plasmid NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 105 DNA DNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 106 Polyethylenimine Polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 107 shows show VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 108 properties property NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 109 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 110 interest interest NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 111 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 112 cystic cystic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 113 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 114 gene gene NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 115 therapy therapy NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 116 Poly(ethylenimine)-mediated poly(ethylenimine)-mediated JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 117 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 118 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 119 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 120 new new JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 121 paradigm paradigm NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 122 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 123 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 213 124 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 1 A a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 2 novel novel JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 3 nonviral nonviral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 4 vector vector NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 5 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 6 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 7 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 8 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 9 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 10 low low JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 11 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 12 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 13 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 14 branched branch VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 15 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 16 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 17 effect effect NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 18 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 19 molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 20 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 21 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 22 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 23 efficiency efficiency NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 24 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 25 cytotoxicity cytotoxicity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 214 26 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 1 Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 2 Research Research NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 3 Inhibition Inhibition NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 5 monocyte monocyte JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 6 adhesion adhesion NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 7 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 8 brain brain NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 9 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 10 derived derive VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 11 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 12 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 13 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 14 NF NF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 15 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 16 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 17 decoy decoy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 18 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 19 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 215 20 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 1 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 2 cytotoxicity cytotoxicity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 3 testing testing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 5 polycations polycation NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 6 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 7 influence influence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 8 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 9 polymer polymer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 10 structure structure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 11 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 12 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 13 viability viability NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 14 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 15 hemolysis hemolysis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 16 Low Low NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 17 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 18 molecularweight molecularweight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 19 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 20 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 21 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 22 non non JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 23 - - JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 24 viral viral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 25 vector vector NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 26 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 27 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 28 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 216 29 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 1 comparison comparison NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 2 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 3 physicochemical physicochemical JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 4 properties property NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 5 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 6 transfection transfection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 7 efficiency efficiency NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 8 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 9 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 10 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 11 distribution distribution NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 12 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 13 highmolecular highmolecular NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 14 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 15 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 217 16 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 2 size size NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 3 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 4 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 5 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 6 transferrin transferrin NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 7 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 8 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 9 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 10 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 11 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 12 important important JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 13 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 14 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 15 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 16 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 17 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 18 cultured cultured JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 218 19 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 1 Different different JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 2 behavior behavior NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 3 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 4 branched branched JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 5 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 6 linear linear JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 7 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 8 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 9 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 10 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 11 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 12 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 13 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 14 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 15 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 16 Polyethylenimine Polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 17 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 18 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 19 non non JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 20 - - JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 21 viral viral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 22 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 23 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 24 systems system NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 25 Delivery Delivery NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 26 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 27 unmodified unmodified JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 28 bioactive bioactive JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 29 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 30 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 31 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 32 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 33 stabilizing stabilize VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 34 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 35 LMW LMW NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 36 PEI PEI NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 37 efficiently efficiently RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 38 down down RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 39 regulates regulate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 40 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 41 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 42 Physicochemical Physicochemical NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 43 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 44 biological biological JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 45 characterization characterization NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 46 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 47 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 48 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 49 graft graft NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 50 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 51 poly(ethylene poly(ethylene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 52 glycol glycol NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 54 block block NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 55 copolymers copolymer NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 56 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 57 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 58 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 59 system system NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 60 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 61 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 62 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 63 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 219 64 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 1 Bioconjugate Bioconjugate NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 2 Chemistry Chemistry NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 3 Efficiency Efficiency NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 5 polyethylenimines polyethylenimine NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 6 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 7 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 8 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 9 graft graft NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 10 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 11 poly poly JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 13 ethylene ethylene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 14 glycol glycol NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 16 block block NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 220 17 copolymers copolymer NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 1 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 2 protect protect VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 3 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 4 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 5 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 6 degradation degradation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 7 RNAi RNAi NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 8 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 9 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 10 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 11 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 12 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 13 through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 14 systemic systemic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 15 application application NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 17 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 19 PEI)-complexed PEI)-complexed NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 20 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 21 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 22 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 23 Lipid Lipid NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 24 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 25 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 26 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 27 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 28 down down RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 29 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 30 regulates regulate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 31 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 32 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 33 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 34 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 35 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 36 mouse mouse NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 37 brain brain NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 38 at at IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 39 picomolar picomolar NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 40 levels level NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 41 Stabilization Stabilization NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 42 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 43 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 44 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 45 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 46 complexes complex NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 47 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 48 freeze freeze NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 49 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 50 drying drying NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 51 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 52 physicochemical physicochemical JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 53 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 54 biological biological JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 221 55 characterization characterization NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 1 Cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 2 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 3 therapy therapy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 4 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 5 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 6 selective selective JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 7 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 8 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 9 ligand ligand NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 10 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 11 targeted target VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 12 sterically sterically RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 13 stabilized stabilize VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 14 nanoparticle nanoparticle NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 15 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 17 influenza influenza NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 18 virus virus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 19 production production NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 20 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 21 virus virus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 22 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 23 infected infect VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 24 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 25 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 27 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 28 Studies Studies NNPS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 29 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 30 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 31 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 32 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 33 neu neu NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 34 proto proto JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 35 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 36 oncogene oncogene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 37 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 38 human human JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 39 breast breast NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 40 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 41 ovarian ovarian JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 222 42 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 223 1 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 223 2 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 223 3 neu neu NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 223 4 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 223 5 rate rate NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 223 6 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 223 7 limiting limit VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 223 8 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 223 9 ovarian ovarian JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 223 10 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 223 11 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 223 12 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 1 Conditional conditional JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 2 depletion depletion NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 3 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 4 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 5 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 6 neu neu NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 7 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 8 ribozyme ribozyme NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 9 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 10 Ribozyme Ribozyme NNPS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 11 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 12 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 13 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 14 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 15 pancreatic pancreatic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 16 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 17 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 18 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 19 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 20 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 21 Adenovirus Adenovirus NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 22 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 23 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 24 ribozyme ribozyme NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 25 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 26 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 27 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 28 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 29 neu neu NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 30 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 31 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 32 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 33 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 34 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 35 breast breast NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 36 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 224 37 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 1 Adenovirusmediated adenovirusmediated JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 2 transduction transduction NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 3 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 4 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 5 abrogates abrogate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 6 HER-2 HER-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 7 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 8 neu neu NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 9 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 10 pleiotrophin pleiotrophin NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 11 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 12 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 13 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 14 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 15 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 16 proliferation proliferation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 17 Small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 18 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 21 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 23 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 24 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 25 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 26 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 27 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 28 Her2 Her2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 29 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 30 Neu Neu NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 31 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 32 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 33 upregulates upregulate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 34 HLA HLA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 35 class class NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 36 I -PRON- PRP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 37 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 38 induces induce VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 39 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 40 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 41 Her2 Her2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 42 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 43 Neu Neu NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 44 positive positive JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 45 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 46 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 47 lines line NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 48 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 49 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 50 breast breast NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 51 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 52 ovarian ovarian JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 53 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 54 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 55 through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 56 multiple multiple JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 57 signaling signal VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 58 pathways pathway NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 59 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 60 using use VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 61 retrovirus retrovirus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 62 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 63 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 64 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 65 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 66 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 67 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 68 Her-2 Her-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 69 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 70 neu neu NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 71 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 225 72 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 1 A a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 2 secreted secrete VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 3 FGF FGF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 4 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 5 binding bind VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 6 protein protein NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 7 can can MD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 8 serve serve VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 9 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 10 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 11 angiogenic angiogenic NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 12 switch switch NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 13 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 14 human human JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 15 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 16 Ribozyme Ribozyme NNPS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 17 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 18 targeting targeting NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 19 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 20 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 21 secreted secrete VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 22 FGF FGF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 23 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 24 binding bind VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 25 protein protein NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 27 FGF FGF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 28 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 29 BP BP NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 31 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 32 proliferation proliferation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 33 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 34 prostate prostate NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 35 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 36 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 37 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 38 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 39 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 40 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 226 41 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 227 1 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 227 2 fibroblast fibroblast NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 227 3 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 227 4 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 227 5 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 227 6 binding bind VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 227 7 protein protein NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 227 8 FGF FGF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 227 9 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 227 10 BP BP NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 227 11 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 1 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 2 appear appear VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 3 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 4 The the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 5 International International NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 6 Pleiotrophin Pleiotrophin NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 7 stimulates stimulate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 8 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 9 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 10 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 11 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 12 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 13 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 14 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 15 is be VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 16 expressed express VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 17 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 18 human human JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 19 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 20 Anti anti JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 21 - - JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 22 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 23 signaling signaling NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 24 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 25 pleiotrophin pleiotrophin NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 26 through through IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 28 receptor receptor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 29 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 30 anaplastic anaplastic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 31 lymphoma lymphoma NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 32 kinase kinase VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 33 A a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 34 heparin heparin NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 35 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 36 binding bind VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 37 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 38 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 39 secreted secrete VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 40 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 41 breast breast NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 42 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 43 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 44 homologous homologous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 45 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 46 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 47 developmentally developmentally RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 48 regulated regulated JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 49 cytokine cytokine NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 50 A a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 51 novel novel JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 52 17 17 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 53 kD kD VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 54 heparin heparin NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 55 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 56 binding bind VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 57 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 58 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 60 HBGF-8 HBGF-8 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 62 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 63 bovine bovine JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 64 uterus uterus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 65 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 66 purification purification NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 67 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 68 N n CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 69 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 70 terminal terminal NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 71 amino amino NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 72 acid acid NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 73 sequence sequence NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 74 Human human JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 75 breast breast NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 76 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 77 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 78 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 79 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 80 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 81 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 82 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 83 dominant dominant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 84 negative negative JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 85 pleiotrophin pleiotrophin NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 86 mutant mutant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 87 Melanoma Melanoma NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 88 angiogenesis angiogenesis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 89 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 90 metastasis metastasis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 91 modulated modulate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 92 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 93 ribozyme ribozyme NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 94 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 95 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 96 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 97 secreted secrete VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 98 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 99 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 100 pleiotrophin pleiotrophin NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 101 Ribozyme Ribozyme NNPS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 102 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 103 targeting targeting NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 104 elucidates elucidate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 105 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 106 direct direct JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 107 role role NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 108 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 109 pleiotrophin pleiotrophin NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 110 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 111 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 228 112 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 1 Wellstein Wellstein NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 2 A. A. NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 3 Human human JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 4 trophoblast trophoblast NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 5 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 6 choriocarcinoma choriocarcinoma NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 7 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 8 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 9 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 10 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 11 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 12 pleiotrophin pleiotrophin NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 13 attributable attributable JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 14 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 15 germline germline JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 16 insertion insertion NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 17 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 18 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 19 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 229 20 retrovirus retrovirus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 1 An an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 2 angiogenic angiogenic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 3 role role NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 4 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 5 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 6 neurokines neurokines NNPS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 7 midkine midkine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 8 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 9 pleiotrophin pleiotrophin NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 10 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 11 tumorigenesis tumorigenesis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 12 Caspase Caspase NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 13 8 8 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 14 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 15 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 17 prevents prevent VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 18 acute acute JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 19 liver liver NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 20 failure failure NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 21 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 230 22 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 231 1 Small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 231 2 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 231 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 231 4 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 231 5 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 231 6 B B NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 231 7 virus virus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 231 8 replication replication NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 231 9 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 231 10 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 1 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 2 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 3 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 4 B B NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 5 virus virus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 6 replication replication NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 7 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 8 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 9 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 10 nucleoside nucleoside JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 11 analogues analogue NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 12 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 13 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 14 Efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 15 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 17 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 18 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 19 inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 20 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 21 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 22 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 23 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 24 postnatal postnatal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 25 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 27 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 28 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 29 Fas Fas NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 30 protects protect VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 31 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 32 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 33 fulminant fulminant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 34 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 35 Lack lack NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 36 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 37 interferon interferon NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 38 response response NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 39 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 40 animals animal NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 41 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 42 naked naked JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 43 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 44 Sequencespecific Sequencespecific NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 45 suppression suppression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 46 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 47 mdr1a/1b mdr1a/1b NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 48 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 49 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 50 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 51 via via IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 52 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 53 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 54 Caspase-8 Caspase-8 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 55 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 56 caspase-3 caspase-3 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 232 57 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 1 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 3 decreases decrease VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 4 ischemia ischemia NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 5 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 6 reperfusion reperfusion NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 7 injury injury NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 8 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 9 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 10 liver liver NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 11 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 12 mice mice NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 13 Gene Gene NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 14 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 15 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 16 rat rat NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 17 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 18 liver liver NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 19 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 20 limb limb NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 21 grafts graft NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 22 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 23 rapid rapid JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 24 injection injection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 25 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 26 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 27 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 29 Silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 30 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 233 31 CXCR4 CXCR4 NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 234 1 blocks block VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 234 2 breast breast NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 234 3 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 234 4 metastasis metastasis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 234 5 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 235 1 Cancer Cancer NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 235 2 Research Research NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 1 Targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 2 2A 2a CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 3 protease protease NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 4 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 6 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 7 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 8 coxsackieviral coxsackieviral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 9 cytopathogenicity cytopathogenicity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 10 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 11 promotes promote VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 12 survival survival NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 13 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 14 highly highly RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 15 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 16 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 17 Systemic Systemic NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 18 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 19 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 20 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 21 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 22 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 23 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 24 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 25 new new JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 26 Journal Journal NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 27 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 28 Biomedicine Biomedicine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 29 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 30 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 31 approach approach NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 32 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 33 targeted target VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 34 therapy therapy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 35 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 36 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 37 EphA2 EphA2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 38 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 39 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 40 determinant determinant NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 41 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 42 malignant malignant JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 43 cellular cellular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 44 behavior behavior NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 45 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 46 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 47 potential potential JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 48 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 49 target target NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 50 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 51 pancreatic pancreatic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 52 adenocarcinoma adenocarcinoma NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 53 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 54 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 55 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 56 focal focal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 57 adhesion adhesion NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 58 kinase kinase NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 59 enhances enhance VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 60 pancreatic pancreatic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 61 adenocarcinoma adenocarcinoma NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 62 gemcitabine gemcitabine NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 63 chemosensitivity chemosensitivity NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 64 Small Small NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 65 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 66 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 67 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 68 Fas Fas NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 69 protects protect VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 70 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 71 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 72 renal renal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 73 ischemia ischemia NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 74 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 75 reperfusion reperfusion NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 76 injury injury NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 77 Protection Protection NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 78 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 79 lethal lethal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 80 influenza influenza NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 81 virus virus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 82 challenge challenge NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 83 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 84 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 85 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 86 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 87 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 88 Gene Gene NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 89 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 90 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 91 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 92 endocrine endocrine JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 93 pancreas pancrea NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 94 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 95 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 96 short short RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 97 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 98 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 236 99 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 2 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 3 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 5 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 6 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 8 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 9 brain brain NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 10 capillary capillary NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 11 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 12 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 13 SiRNA SiRNA VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 14 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 15 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 16 inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 17 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 18 vascular vascular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 19 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 20 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 21 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 22 severely severely RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 23 limits limit VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 24 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 25 resistance resistance NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 26 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 27 antiangiogenic antiangiogenic NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 28 thrombospondin-1 thrombospondin-1 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 29 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 30 slows slow VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 31 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 32 vascularization vascularization NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 33 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 34 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 35 Variants variant NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 36 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 37 bcl-2 bcl-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 38 specific specific JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 39 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 40 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 41 silencing silence VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 42 antiapoptotic antiapoptotic NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 43 bcl-2 bcl-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 44 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 45 pancreatic pancreatic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 237 46 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 1 Down down IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 2 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 3 regulation regulation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 4 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 5 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 6 mediators mediator NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 7 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 8 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 9 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 10 axotomy axotomy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 11 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 12 induced induce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 13 retinal retinal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 14 ganglion ganglion NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 15 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 16 death death NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 17 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 238 18 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 2 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 3 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 4 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 6 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 7 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 9 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 10 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 11 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 12 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 13 MIP-2 MIP-2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 14 versus versus IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 15 KC KC NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 16 results result VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 17 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 18 divergent divergent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 19 effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 20 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 21 hemorrhageinduced hemorrhageinduce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 22 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 23 neutrophil neutrophil NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 24 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 25 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 26 septic septic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 27 acute acute JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 28 lung lung NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 29 injury injury NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 31 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 32 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 33 adult adult NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 239 34 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 240 1 Small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 240 2 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 240 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 240 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 240 5 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 240 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 1 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 2 VEGF VEGF NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 3 effectively effectively RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 4 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 5 ocular ocular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 6 neovascularization neovascularization NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 7 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 8 mouse mouse NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 9 model model NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 10 Effects effect NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 11 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 12 treatment treatment NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 13 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 14 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 15 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 17 on on IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 18 joint joint JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 19 inflammation inflammation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 20 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 21 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 22 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 23 collagen collagen NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 24 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 25 induced induce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 26 arthritis arthritis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 27 Modification modification NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 28 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 29 professional professional JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 30 antigen antigen NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 31 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 32 presenting present VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 33 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 34 with with IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 35 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 36 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 37 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 38 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 39 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 40 to to TO cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 41 enhance enhance VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 42 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 43 vaccine vaccine NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 44 potency potency NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 45 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 46 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 47 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 48 viruses virus NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 49 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 50 nasally nasally RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 51 administered administer VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 52 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 53 Small Small NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 54 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 55 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 56 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 57 heme heme NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 58 oxygenase-1 oxygenase-1 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 241 59 enhances enhance VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 1 ischemia ischemia NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 2 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 3 reperfusioninduced reperfusioninduce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 4 lung lung NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 5 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 6 Using use VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 7 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 8 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 9 prophylactic prophylactic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 10 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 11 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 12 regimens regimen NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 13 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 15 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 16 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 17 Rhesus Rhesus NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 18 macaque macaque NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 19 Successful successful JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 20 incorporation incorporation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 21 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 22 short short RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 23 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 24 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 26 into into IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 27 islet islet NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 28 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 29 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 30 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 31 situ situ NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 32 perfusion perfusion NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 33 Anti Anti NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 34 - - NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 242 35 RhoA RhoA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 1 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 2 anti anti NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 3 - - NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 4 RhoC RhoC NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 5 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 6 inhibit inhibit VB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 7 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 8 proliferation proliferation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 9 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 10 invasiveness invasiveness NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 11 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 12 MDA MDA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 13 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 14 MB-231 MB-231 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 15 breast breast NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 16 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 17 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 18 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 19 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 243 20 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 1 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 2 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 3 Colony Colony NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 4 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 5 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 6 factor-1 factor-1 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 7 blockade blockade NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 8 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 9 antisense antisense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 10 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 11 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 12 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 13 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 14 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 15 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 16 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 17 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 18 human human JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 19 mammary mammary JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 20 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 21 xenografts xenograft NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 22 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 244 23 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 1 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 2 relieves relieve VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 3 chronic chronic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 4 neuropathic neuropathic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 5 pain pain NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 6 Exploring explore VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 8 inteference inteference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 9 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 10 a a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 11 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 12 strategy strategy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 13 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 14 renal renal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 15 disease disease NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 16 Silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 17 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 18 Fas Fas NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 19 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 20 but but CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 21 not not RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 22 caspase-8 caspase-8 JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 23 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 24 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 25 lung lung NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 26 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 27 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 28 ameliorates ameliorate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 29 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 30 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 31 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 32 inflammation inflammation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 33 , , , cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 34 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 35 neutrophil neutrophil NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 36 influx influx NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 37 after after IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 38 hemorrhagic hemorrhagic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 39 shock shock NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 40 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 41 sepsis sepsis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 42 Reducing reduce VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 43 hypothalamic hypothalamic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 44 AGRP AGRP NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 45 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 46 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 47 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 48 increases increase VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 49 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 50 rate rate NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 51 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 52 decreases decrease VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 53 body body NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 54 weight weight NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 55 without without IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 56 influencing influence VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 57 food food NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 58 intake intake NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 59 Neurochemical Neurochemical NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 60 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 61 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 62 consequences consequence NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 63 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 64 widespread widespread JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 65 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 66 knockdown knockdown NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 67 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 68 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 69 adult adult NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 70 mouse mouse NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 71 brain brain NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 72 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 73 using use VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 74 nonviral nonviral NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 75 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 76 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 77 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 78 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 79 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 80 knockdown knockdown NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 81 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 82 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 83 serotonin serotonin NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 84 transporter transporter NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 85 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 86 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 87 adult adult NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 88 mouse mouse NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 89 brain brain NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 90 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 91 targeted target VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 92 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 93 amyloid amyloid NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 94 precursor precursor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 95 protein protein NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 96 impairs impair VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 97 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 98 activity activity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 99 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 100 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 101 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 102 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 103 ocular ocular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 104 angiogenesis angiogenesis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 105 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 106 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 107 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 108 vascular vascular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 109 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 110 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 111 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 112 pathway pathway NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 113 genes gene NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 245 114 : : : cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 1 Therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 2 strategy strategy NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 3 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 4 herpetic herpetic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 5 stromal stromal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 6 keratitis keratitis NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 8 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 9 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 10 transforming transform VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 11 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 12 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 13 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 14 beta beta NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 15 type type NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 16 II II NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 17 receptor receptor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 18 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 19 ocular ocular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 20 inflammation inflammation NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 21 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 22 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 246 23 . . . cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 2 Vision Vision NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 3 Antitumor Antitumor NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 4 activity activity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 5 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 6 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 7 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 9 / / SYM cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 10 cationic cationic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 11 liposome liposome NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 12 complex complex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 13 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 14 mouse mouse NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 15 models model NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 16 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 17 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 18 Small Small NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 19 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 21 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 22 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 23 functional functional JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 24 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 25 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 26 vasopressin vasopressin NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 27 V V NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 28 2 2 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 29 receptors receptor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 30 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 31 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 32 mouse mouse NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 33 kidney kidney NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 34 Therapeutic Therapeutic NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 35 EphA2 EphA2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 36 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 37 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 38 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 39 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 40 using use VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 41 neutral neutral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 42 liposomal liposomal IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 43 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 44 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 45 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 46 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 47 siRNA sirna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 48 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 49 induced induce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 50 caveolin-1 caveolin-1 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 51 knockdown knockdown NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 52 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 53 mice mice NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 54 increases increase VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 55 lung lung NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 56 vascular vascular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 57 permeability permeability NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 58 via via IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 59 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 60 junctional junctional JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 61 pathway pathway NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 62 Cationic Cationic NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 63 liposome liposome NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 64 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 65 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 66 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 67 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 68 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 69 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 70 adult adult NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 71 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 72 Efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 73 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 74 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 75 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 76 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 77 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 78 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 79 inhibition inhibition NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 80 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 81 IL-12p40 IL-12p40 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 82 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 83 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 84 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 85 Small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 86 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 87 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 88 directed direct VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 89 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 90 beta beta NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 91 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 92 catenin catenin NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 93 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 94 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 95 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 96 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 97 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 98 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 99 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 100 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 101 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 102 colon colon NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 103 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 104 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 105 Gene Gene NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 106 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 107 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 108 systemic systemic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 109 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 110 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 111 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 112 siRNAs sirna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 113 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 114 adult adult NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 115 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 116 Intravesical Intravesical NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 117 administration administration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 118 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 119 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 120 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 121 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 122 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 247 123 PLK-1 PLK-1 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 248 1 successfully successfully RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 248 2 prevents prevent VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 248 3 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 248 4 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 248 5 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 248 6 bladder bladder NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 248 7 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 1 In in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 2 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 3 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 4 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 5 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 6 suppression suppression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 7 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 8 GJB2 GJB2 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 9 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 10 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 12 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 13 Blockage blockage NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 14 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 15 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 16 macrophage macrophage NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 17 migration migration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 18 inhibitory inhibitory JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 19 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 20 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 21 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 22 short short JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 23 interference interference NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 25 inhibited inhibit VBD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 26 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 27 rejection rejection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 28 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 29 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 30 allogeneic allogeneic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 31 tracheal tracheal NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 249 32 graft graft NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 1 Widespread widespread JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 2 lipoplex lipoplex RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 3 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 4 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 5 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 6 transfer transfer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 7 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 8 vascular vascular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 9 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 10 cells cell NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 11 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 12 hemangioblasts hemangioblast NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 13 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 14 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 15 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 16 embryo embryo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 17 Systemic systemic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 18 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 19 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 20 Raf Raf NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 21 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 22 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 23 using use VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 24 cationic cationic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 25 cardiolipin cardiolipin NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 26 liposomes liposome NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 27 silences silence NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 28 Raf-1 Raf-1 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 29 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 30 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 31 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 32 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 33 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 34 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 35 xenograft xenograft NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 36 model model NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 37 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 38 human human JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 39 prostate prostate NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 40 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 41 Novel Novel NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 42 cationic cationic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 43 cardiolipin cardiolipin NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 44 analogue analogue NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 45 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 46 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 47 liposome liposome NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 48 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 49 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 50 DNA dna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 51 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 52 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 53 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 54 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 55 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 56 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 57 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 58 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 59 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 250 60 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 1 An an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 2 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 3 intrathecal intrathecal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 4 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 5 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 6 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 7 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 9 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 10 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 11 spinal spinal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 12 cord cord NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 13 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 14 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 15 neurons neuron NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 16 Comparison comparison NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 17 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 18 antisense antisense NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 19 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 20 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 21 siR siR NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 22 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 23 NAs na NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 24 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 25 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 26 culture culture NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 27 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 28 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 251 29 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 1 An an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 2 siRNA sirna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 3 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 4 based base VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 5 microbicide microbicide NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 6 protects protect VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 7 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 8 from from IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 9 lethal lethal JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 10 herpes herpe NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 11 simplex simplex NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 12 virus virus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 13 2 2 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 14 infection infection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 15 Therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 16 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 17 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 18 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 19 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 20 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 21 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 22 systemic systemic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 23 administration administration NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 24 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 25 modified modify VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 26 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 27 Potent Potent NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 28 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 29 persistent persistent JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 30 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 31 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 32 anti anti JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 33 - - JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 34 HBV hbv JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 35 activity activity NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 36 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 37 chemically chemically RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 38 modified modify VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 39 siR siR NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 40 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 41 NAs NAs NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 42 Inhibition Inhibition NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 43 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 44 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 45 expression expression NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 46 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 47 mice mice NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 48 muscle muscle NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 49 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 50 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 51 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 52 electrically electrically RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 53 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 54 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 55 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 56 Small Small NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 57 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 58 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 59 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 60 Raf-1 Raf-1 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 61 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 62 tumor tumor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 63 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 64 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 65 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 66 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 67 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 252 68 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 253 1 A a DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 253 2 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 253 3 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 253 4 RNA rna NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 253 5 targeting target VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 253 6 vascular vascular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 253 7 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 253 8 growth growth NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 253 9 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 253 10 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 253 11 cancer cancer NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 253 12 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 1 Atelocollagenmediated atelocollagenmediated JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 2 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 3 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 4 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 6 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 7 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 8 effective effective JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 9 gene gene NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 10 silencing silencing NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 11 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 12 vitro vitro FW cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 13 and and CC cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 14 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 15 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 16 Efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 17 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 18 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 19 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 20 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 22 to to IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 23 bone bone NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 24 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 25 metastatic metastatic JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 26 tumors tumor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 27 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 28 using use VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 29 atelocollagen atelocollagen NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 30 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 31 vivo vivo NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 32 Rad51 Rad51 NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 33 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 34 delivered deliver VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 35 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 36 HVJ HVJ NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 37 envelope envelope NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 38 vector vector NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 39 enhances enhance VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 40 the the DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 41 anti anti JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 42 - - JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 43 cancer cancer JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 44 effect effect NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 45 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 46 cisplatin cisplatin NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 47 Antibody antibody NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 48 mediated mediate VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 49 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 50 vivo vivo NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 51 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 52 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 53 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 54 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 55 RNAs rna NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 56 via via IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 57 cell cell NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 58 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 59 surface surface NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 60 receptors receptor NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 61 Silencing silence VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 62 heat heat NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 63 shock shock NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 64 factor factor NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 65 1 1 CD cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 66 by by IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 67 small small JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 68 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 69 RNA RNA NNP cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 70 abrogates abrogate VBZ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 71 heat heat NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 72 shock shock NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 73 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 74 induced induce VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 75 cardioprotection cardioprotection NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 76 against against IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 77 ischemiareperfusion ischemiareperfusion NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 78 injury injury NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 79 in in IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 80 mice mouse NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 81 Reconstituted reconstitute VBN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 82 influenza influenza NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 83 virus virus NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 84 envelopes envelope NNS cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 85 as as IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 86 an an DT cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 87 efficient efficient JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 88 carrier carrier NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 89 system system NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 90 for for IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 91 cellular cellular JJ cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 92 delivery delivery NN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 93 of of IN cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 94 small small RB cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 95 - - HYPH cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 96 interfering interfere VBG cord-048322-5eqdrd52 254 97 RNAs rna NNS