id sid tid token lemma pos cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 1 key key JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 2 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 3 cord-015935-r2wd1yfa cord-015935-r2wd1yfa NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 4 authors author NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 5 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 6 Sokol Sokol NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 8 Deborah Deborah NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 9 K. K. NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 10 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 11 Lahiri Lahiri NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 13 Debomoy Debomoy NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 14 K. K. NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 15 title title NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 16 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 17 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 18 Genetics Genetics NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 19 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 20 Autism Autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 21 date date NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 22 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 23 2011 2011 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 24 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 25 02 02 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 26 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 27 10 10 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 28 journal journal NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 29 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 30 International International NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 31 Handbook Handbook NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 32 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 33 Autism Autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 34 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 35 Pervasive Pervasive NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 36 Developmental Developmental NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 37 Disorders Disorders NNPS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 38 DOI doi NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 39 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 40 10.1007/978 10.1007/978 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 41 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 42 1 1 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 43 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 44 4419 4419 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 45 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 1 46 8065 8065 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 2 1 -6_6 -6_6 . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 3 1 sha sha NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 3 2 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 3 3 2706bb9d4f3806e6f1bbd18849aa021d223d234b 2706bb9d4f3806e6f1bbd18849aa021d223d234b NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 3 4 doc_id doc_id CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 3 5 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 3 6 15935 15935 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 3 7 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 3 8 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 1 r2wd1yfa r2wd1yfa XX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 2 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 3 chapter chapter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 4 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 5 written write VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 6 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 7 make make VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 9 fast fast RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 10 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 11 paced pace VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 13 expanding expand VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 14 field field NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 15 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 16 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 17 genetics genetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 18 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 19 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 20 accessible accessible JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 21 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 22 those those DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 23 practitioners practitioner NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 24 who who WP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 25 help help VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 26 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 27 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 28 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 4 29 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 1 New new JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 3 knowledge knowledge NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 4 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 5 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 6 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 7 quickly quickly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 8 developed develop VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 9 over over IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 11 past past JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 12 30 30 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 13 years year NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 15 particularly particularly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 16 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 17 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 18 past past JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 19 decade decade NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 21 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 22 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 23 made make VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 24 many many JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 25 optimistic optimistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 26 about about IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 27 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 28 ability ability NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 29 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 30 explain explain VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 31 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 5 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 1 Among among IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 2 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 3 advances advance NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 4 include include VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 6 sequencing sequencing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 9 human human JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 10 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 12 Lander Lander NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 13 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 14 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 15 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 17 2001 2001 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 19 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 20 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 21 identification identification NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 22 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 23 common common JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 24 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 25 variants variant NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 26 via via IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 27 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 28 HapMap HapMap NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 29 project project NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 31 International International NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 32 HapMap HapMap NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 33 Consortium Consortium NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 34 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 35 2005 2005 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 37 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 38 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 39 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 40 development development NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 41 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 42 cost cost NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 43 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 44 efficient efficient JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 45 genotyping genotyping NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 46 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 47 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 48 technologies technology NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 50 Losh Losh NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 51 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 52 Sullivan Sullivan NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 53 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 54 Trembath Trembath NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 55 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 56 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 57 Piven Piven NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 58 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 59 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 6 61 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 1 Improvement improvement NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 2 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 3 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 4 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 5 led lead VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 6 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 7 improved improve VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 8 visualization visualization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 10 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 11 abnormality abnormality NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 12 down down IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 13 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 15 molecular molecular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 16 level level NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 7 17 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 2 four four CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 3 most most RBS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 4 common common JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 5 syndromes syndrome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 6 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 7 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 8 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 9 include include VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 10 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 11 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 12 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 14 tuberous tuberous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 15 sclerosis sclerosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 17 15q 15q NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 18 duplications duplication NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 21 untreated untreated JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 22 phenylketonuria phenylketonuria NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 24 PKU PKU NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 25 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 26 Costa Costa NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 27 e e NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 28 Silva Silva NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 29 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 30 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 8 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 9 1 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 9 2 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 9 3 15q 15q NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 9 4 duplications duplication NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 9 5 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 9 6 discussed discuss VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 9 7 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 9 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 9 9 context context NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 9 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 9 11 cytogenetics cytogenetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 9 12 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 10 1 TSC TSC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 10 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 10 3 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 10 4 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 10 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 10 6 description description NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 10 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 10 8 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 10 9 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 10 10 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 1 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 2 affected affected JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 3 sibling sibling NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 4 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 5 pair pair NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 6 design design NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 7 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 8 multiplex multiplex NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 10 having have VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 11 more more JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 12 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 13 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 14 affected affected JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 15 member member NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 17 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 11 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 2 led lead VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 3 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 5 identification identification NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 7 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 8 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 10 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 11 conditions condition NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 12 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 13 neurofibromatosis neurofibromatosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 15 tuberous tuberous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 16 sclerosis sclerosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 18 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 19 dyslexia dyslexia NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 21 Smith Smith NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 23 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 12 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 1 Improving improve VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 2 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 3 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 5 1990s 1990 NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 6 enabled enable VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 8 detection detection NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 10 small small JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 11 genomic genomic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 12 alterations alteration NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 14 50 50 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 15 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 16 100 100 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 17 kb kb NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 18 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 20 direct direct JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 21 visualization visualization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 22 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 23 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 24 alterations alteration NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 25 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 26 uncultured uncultured JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 27 cells cell NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 28 via via IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 29 fluorescent fluorescent NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 30 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 31 situ situ JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 32 hybridization hybridization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 34 FISH fish NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 13 36 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 2 technique technique NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 3 ushered usher VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 4 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 6 field field NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 8 molecular molecular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 9 genetics genetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 11 Li Li NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 12 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 13 Andersson Andersson NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 15 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 17 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 18 allowed allow VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 20 identification identification NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 21 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 22 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 23 microdeletions microdeletion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 24 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 25 duplications duplication NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 26 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 27 areas area NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 28 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 29 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 30 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 31 where where WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 32 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 33 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 34 already already RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 35 high high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 36 suspicion suspicion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 37 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 38 abnormality abnormality NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 39 would would MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 40 exist exist VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 14 41 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 1 FISH fish NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 2 enables enable VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 3 prenatal prenatal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 4 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 5 cancer cancer NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 6 genetics genetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 7 screening screening NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 9 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 10 led lead VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 11 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 13 identification identification NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 14 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 15 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 16 aberrations aberration NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 17 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 18 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 19 Angelman Angelman NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 20 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 21 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 22 Prader Prader NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 23 Willi Willi NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 24 syndromes syndrome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 15 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 3 past past JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 4 decade decade NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 6 microarray microarray NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 7 cytogenetics cytogenetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 8 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 9 permitted permit VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 11 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 12 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 13 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 14 entire entire JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 15 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 16 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 17 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 18 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 19 chip chip NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 20 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 21 resolution resolution NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 22 as as RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 23 fine fine JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 24 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 25 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 26 few few JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 27 hundred hundred CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 28 base base NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 29 pairs pair NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 31 Li Li NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 32 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 33 Andersson Andersson NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 34 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 35 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 16 37 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 17 1 Such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 17 2 microarray microarray NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 17 3 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 17 4 represents represent VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 17 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 17 6 union union NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 17 7 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 17 8 molecular molecular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 17 9 genetics genetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 17 10 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 17 11 classical classical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 17 12 cytogenetics cytogenetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 17 13 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 1 Two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 2 types type NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 4 microarray microarray NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 5 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 6 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 7 used use VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 8 clinically clinically RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 9 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 10 comparative comparative JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 11 genomic genomic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 12 hybridization hybridization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 14 CGH CGH NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 16 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 17 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 18 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 19 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 20 polymorphism polymorphism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 22 SNP SNP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 24 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 18 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 1 CGH CGH NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 2 directly directly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 3 measures measure VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 4 copy copy VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 5 number number NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 6 differences difference NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 7 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 9 patient patient NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 10 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 11 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 13 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 14 normal normal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 15 reference reference NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 16 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 17 spanning span VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 18 known know VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 19 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 21 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 22 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 24 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 25 across across IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 26 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 27 entire entire JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 28 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 19 29 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 1 SNP SNP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 2 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 4 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 6 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 7 hand hand NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 9 provides provide VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 10 identification identification NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 12 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 13 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 14 point point NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 15 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 16 via via IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 17 sequencing sequence VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 18 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 19 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 20 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 21 areas area NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 22 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 23 suspected suspect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 24 abnormality abnormality NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 26 previously previously RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 27 identified identify VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 28 via via IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 29 CGH CGH NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 30 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 31 FISH fish NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 20 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 1 Another another DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 2 offshoot offshoot NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 4 microarray microarray NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 5 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 6 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 7 submicroscopic submicroscopic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 8 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 9 copy copy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 10 number number NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 11 variation variation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 13 CNV CNV NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 15 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 17 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 18 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 19 deletions deletion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 20 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 21 duplications duplication NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 22 involving involve VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 23 > > XX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 24 1-kb 1-kb CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 25 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 26 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 27 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 28 detected detect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 29 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 30 patients patient NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 31 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 32 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 33 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 34 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 35 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 36 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 37 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 38 multiple multiple JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 39 congenital congenital JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 40 anomalies anomaly NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 21 41 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 1 There there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 2 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 3 several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 4 recent recent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 6 detailed detailed JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 7 reviews review NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 10 genetics genetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 12 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 14 Abrahams Abrahams NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 15 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 16 Geschwind Geschwind NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 18 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 19 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 20 Li Li NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 21 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 22 Andersson Andersson NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 24 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 25 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 26 Losh Losh NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 27 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 28 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 29 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 30 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 31 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 32 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 33 O'Roak O'Roak NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 34 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 35 State State NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 36 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 37 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 39 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 40 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 41 chapter chapter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 42 summarizes summarize VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 43 those those DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 44 reviews review NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 22 45 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 2 reader reader NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 4 encouraged encourage VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 5 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 6 first first JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 7 review review VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 9 overview overview NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 11 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 12 expression expression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 14 Box Box NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 15 6.1 6.1 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 17 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 18 essential essential JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 19 nomenclature nomenclature NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 20 used use VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 21 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 22 genetics genetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 24 Box Box NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 25 6.2 6.2 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 23 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 2 addition addition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 4 one one PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 5 must must MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 6 understand understand VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 7 basic basic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 8 concepts concept NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 9 pertinent pertinent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 10 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 11 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 12 development development NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 14 Box Box NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 15 6.3 6.3 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 17 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 18 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 20 neurobiology neurobiology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 21 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 22 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 24 Box Box NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 25 6.4 6.4 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 27 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 28 order order NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 29 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 30 understand understand VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 31 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 32 genetics genetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 24 33 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 1 For for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 2 example example NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 4 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 5 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 6 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 7 compelling compelling JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 8 rationale rationale NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 9 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 10 genetically genetically RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 11 directed direct VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 12 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 13 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 14 regulate regulate VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 16 assembly assembly NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 17 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 18 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 19 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 20 during during IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 21 embryogenesis embryogenesis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 23 when when WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 24 gone go VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 25 awry awry JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 26 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 27 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 28 cause cause VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 29 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 31 Costa Costa NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 32 e e NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 33 Silva Silva NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 34 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 35 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 25 37 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 26 1 Box Box NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 26 2 6.1 6.1 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 26 3 Overview Overview NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 26 4 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 26 5 DNA DNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 26 6 Replication Replication NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 26 7 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 26 8 Gene Gene NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 26 9 Expression Expression NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 26 10 * * NFP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 26 11 Genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 26 12 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 2 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 4 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 5 unit unit NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 7 hereditary hereditary JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 8 material material NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 9 located locate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 11 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 12 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 13 place place NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 15 locus locus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 17 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 18 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 19 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 27 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 28 1 Most Most JJS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 28 2 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 28 3 carry carry VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 28 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 28 5 instructions instruction NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 28 6 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 28 7 producing produce VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 28 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 28 9 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 28 10 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 28 11 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 2 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 3 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 4 coding code VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 5 human human JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 6 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 7 will will MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 8 have have VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 9 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 10 coding code VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 11 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 13 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 14 contains contain VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 16 information information NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 17 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 18 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 19 production production NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 29 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 2 coding code VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 3 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 4 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 5 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 6 broken break VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 7 up up RP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 8 into into IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 9 several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 10 sub sub NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 11 - - NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 12 sequences sequence NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 14 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 15 exons exon NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 17 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 18 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 19 separated separate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 20 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 21 noncoding noncoding JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 22 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 23 sequences sequence NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 24 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 25 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 26 introns intron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 30 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 2 coding code VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 3 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 4 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 5 flanked flank VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 6 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 8 promoter promoter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 9 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 11 usually usually RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 13 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 14 5 5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 15 -untranslated -untranslated JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 16 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 18 5 5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 19 -UTR -utr SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 21 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 22 occur occur VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 23 immediately immediately RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 24 before before IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 25 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 26 coding code VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 27 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 28 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 29 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 30 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 31 3 3 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 32 -UTR -utr NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 33 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 34 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 35 terminator terminator NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 36 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 37 occur occur VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 38 immediately immediately RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 39 after after IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 40 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 41 coding code VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 42 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 31 43 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 1 Promoters promoter NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 3 terminators terminator NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 5 UTRs utr NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 7 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 8 introns intron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 9 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 10 regulate regulate VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 12 activity activity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 14 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 15 given give VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 16 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 32 17 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 1 At at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 2 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 3 molecular molecular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 4 level level NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 6 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 7 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 8 composed compose VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 10 long long JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 11 chains chain NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 12 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 13 deoxyribonucleic deoxyribonucleic NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 14 acid acid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 16 DNA DNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 18 upon upon IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 19 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 20 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 21 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 22 linearly linearly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 23 arranged arrange VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 33 24 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 2 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 3 exists exist VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 4 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 6 double double JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 7 helix helix NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 10 helical helical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 11 strands strand NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 12 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 13 usually usually RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 14 wrapped wrap VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 15 around around IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 16 histone histone NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 17 proteins protein NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 34 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 2 addition addition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 3 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 4 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 5 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 6 histones histone NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 8 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 9 contain contain VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 10 scaffolding scaffold VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 11 proteins protein NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 12 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 13 provide provide VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 14 structural structural JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 15 support support NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 16 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 17 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 18 also also RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 19 participate participate VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 20 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 21 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 22 regulation regulation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 35 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 1 DNA DNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 3 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 4 molecule molecule NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 5 composed compose VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 8 chain chain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 10 four four CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 11 different different JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 12 types type NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 14 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 36 15 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 4 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 6 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 7 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 8 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 9 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 11 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 12 information information NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 13 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 14 organisms organism NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 15 inherit inherit VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 37 16 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 38 1 DNA DNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 38 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 38 3 double double RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 38 4 stranded strand VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 38 5 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 38 6 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 38 7 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 38 8 each each DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 38 9 strand strand NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 38 10 complementary complementary JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 38 11 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 38 12 each each DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 38 13 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 38 14 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 39 1 Each each DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 39 2 strand strand NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 39 3 acts act VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 39 4 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 39 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 39 6 template template NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 39 7 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 39 8 creating create VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 39 9 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 39 10 new new JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 39 11 partner partner NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 39 12 strand strand NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 39 13 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 40 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 40 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 40 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 40 4 physical physical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 40 5 method method NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 40 6 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 40 7 making make VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 40 8 copies copy NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 40 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 40 10 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 40 11 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 40 12 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 40 13 inherited inherit VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 40 14 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 1 Both both DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 2 individual individual JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 3 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 4 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 5 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 6 DNAassociated dnaassociate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 7 proteins protein NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 8 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 9 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 10 chemically chemically RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 11 modified modify VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 12 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 13 produce produce VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 14 epigenetic epigenetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 15 variation variation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 16 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 17 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 18 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 19 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 20 response response NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 21 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 22 environmental environmental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 23 conditions condition NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 24 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 25 might may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 26 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 27 might may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 28 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 29 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 30 inherited inherit VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 31 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 32 any any DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 33 individual individual JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 34 case case NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 41 35 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 1 Epigenetic epigenetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 2 variation variation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 3 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 4 significantly significantly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 5 alter alter VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 7 expression expression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 8 level level NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 10 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 11 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 12 without without IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 13 changing change VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 15 basic basic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 16 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 17 code code NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 42 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 43 1 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 43 2 replication replication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 43 3 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 1 During during IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 2 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 3 replication replication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 6 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 7 strand strand NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 8 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 9 produced produce VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 10 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 11 component component NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 12 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 13 using use VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 15 partner partner NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 16 strand strand NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 17 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 18 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 19 template template NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 44 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 3 done do VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 4 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 5 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 6 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 7 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 8 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 9 proofread proofread VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 10 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 11 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 12 ensure ensure VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 13 accuracy accuracy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 14 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 15 repair repair NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 16 when when WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 17 necessary necessary JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 45 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 1 Despite despite IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 2 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 3 safeguards safeguard NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 5 errors error NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 6 called call VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 7 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 8 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 9 occur occur VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 10 during during IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 12 polymerization polymerization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 14 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 15 second second JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 16 strand strand NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 46 17 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 2 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 4 any any DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 5 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 6 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 7 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 9 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 10 molecule molecule NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 11 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 12 does do VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 13 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 14 match match VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 16 original original JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 17 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 18 molecule molecule NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 19 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 20 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 22 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 23 copied copy VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 47 24 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 1 Radiation radiation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 3 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 4 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 5 ultraviolet ultraviolet JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 6 rays ray NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 7 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 8 X X NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 9 - - NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 10 rays ray NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 12 viruses virus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 14 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 15 errors error NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 16 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 17 occur occur VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 18 during during IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 19 meiosis meiosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 20 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 21 during during IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 22 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 23 replication replication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 24 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 25 cause cause VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 26 errors error NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 27 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 28 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 29 molecules molecule NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 48 30 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 1 These these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 2 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 3 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 4 have have VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 5 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 6 impact impact NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 7 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 9 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 11 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 12 organism organism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 14 especially especially RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 15 when when WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 17 occur occur VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 18 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 20 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 21 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 22 coding code VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 23 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 24 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 25 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 26 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 49 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 50 1 Kinds kind NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 50 2 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 50 3 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 50 4 include include VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 50 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 50 6 following follow VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 50 7 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 50 8 Frameshift Frameshift NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 50 9 Mutation Mutation NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 50 10 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 51 1 One one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 51 2 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 51 3 more more JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 51 4 bases basis NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 51 5 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 51 6 inserted insert VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 51 7 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 51 8 deleted delete VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 51 9 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 2 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 3 alter alter VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 5 entire entire JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 6 amino amino NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 7 acid acid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 8 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 10 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 11 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 12 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 13 introduce introduce VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 14 aberrant aberrant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 16 splicing splicing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 52 17 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 53 1 Deletion deletion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 53 2 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 1 Missing miss VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 2 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 3 sequences sequence NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 4 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 5 range range VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 6 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 8 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 9 base base NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 10 pair pair NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 11 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 12 longer long JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 13 deletions deletion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 14 involving involve VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 15 many many JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 16 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 17 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 18 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 19 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 54 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 55 1 Insertion insertion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 55 2 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 1 Additional additional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 2 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 3 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 4 inserted insert VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 5 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 7 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 8 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 9 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 10 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 11 result result VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 12 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 13 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 14 nonfunctional nonfunctional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 15 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 56 16 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 57 1 Duplication duplication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 57 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 57 3 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 57 4 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 57 5 amplification amplification NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 57 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 57 7 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 1 Multiple multiple JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 2 copies copy NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 4 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 5 complete complete JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 6 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 7 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 8 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 10 increasing increase VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 12 dosage dosage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 14 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 15 located locate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 16 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 17 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 58 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 59 1 Inversion inversion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 59 2 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 1 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 2 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 4 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 5 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 6 reversed reverse VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 8 either either CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 9 among among IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 10 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 11 few few JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 12 bases basis NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 13 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 14 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 15 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 16 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 17 among among IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 18 longer long JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 19 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 20 sequences sequence NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 21 containing contain VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 22 several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 23 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 60 24 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 61 1 Point point NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 61 2 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 61 3 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 1 Known know VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 2 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 3 substitutions substitution NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 5 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 6 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 8 replacement replacement NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 10 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 11 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 12 base base NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 13 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 14 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 15 another another DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 16 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 62 17 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 63 1 Missense missense NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 63 2 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 63 3 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 2 point point NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 3 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 4 where where WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 6 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 7 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 8 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 9 changed change VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 10 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 11 cause cause VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 12 substitution substitution NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 14 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 15 different different JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 16 amino amino NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 17 acid acid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 64 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 65 1 Nonsense nonsense NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 65 2 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 65 3 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 2 point point NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 3 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 4 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 5 results result VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 8 premature premature JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 9 stop stop NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 10 codon codon NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 11 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 13 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 14 mRNA mrna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 15 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 16 possibly possibly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 17 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 18 nonfunctional nonfunctional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 19 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 20 product product NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 66 21 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 67 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 67 2 splicing splicing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 67 3 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 67 4 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 2 point point NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 3 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 4 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 5 inserts insert VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 6 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 7 deletes delete VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 8 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 9 intron intron NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 10 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 11 exon exon NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 12 border border NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 13 necessary necessary JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 14 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 15 splicing splicing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 17 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 18 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 20 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 21 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 68 22 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 69 1 Silent silent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 69 2 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 69 3 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 2 point point NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 3 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 4 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 5 does do VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 6 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 7 alter alter VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 9 amino amino NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 10 acid acid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 11 coding code VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 12 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 13 that that DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 14 codon codon NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 70 15 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 1 Gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 2 expression expression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 5 process process NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 7 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 8 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 9 express express VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 11 functional functional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 12 effect effect NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 13 through through IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 15 production production NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 17 proteins protein NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 18 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 19 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 20 responsible responsible JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 21 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 22 most most JJS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 23 functions function NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 24 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 25 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 26 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 71 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 2 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 3 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 4 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 6 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 7 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 8 used use VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 9 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 10 produce produce VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 11 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 12 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 13 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 14 through through IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 15 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 16 ribose ribose NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 17 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 18 acid acid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 22 intermediate intermediate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 72 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 1 Gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 2 DNA DNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 5 map map NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 6 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 7 directs direct VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 9 production production NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 12 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 14 normally normally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 15 following follow VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 16 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 17 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 18 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 19 way way NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 20 pathway pathway NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 73 21 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 1 Splicing Splicing NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 2 Translation Translation NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 3 Gene Gene NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 4 regulation regulation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 5 gives give VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 7 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 8 control control NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 9 over over IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 10 structure structure NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 11 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 12 function function NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 13 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 14 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 16 basis basis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 17 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 18 cellular cellular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 19 differentiation differentiation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 21 adaptability adaptability NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 22 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 23 any any DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 24 organism organism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 74 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 1 Gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 2 regulation regulation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 4 controlled control VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 5 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 6 noncoding noncoding JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 7 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 8 sequences sequence NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 10 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 11 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 13 promoter promoter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 15 terminator terminator NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 17 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 18 introns intron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 21 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 22 epigenetic epigenetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 23 variation variation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 24 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 25 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 26 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 27 differences difference NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 28 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 29 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 30 methylation methylation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 31 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 32 histone histone NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 33 acetylation acetylation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 75 34 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 2 entire entire JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 3 process process NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 4 takes take VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 5 place place NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 6 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 8 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 11 vicinity vicinity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 12 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 13 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 14 nucleus nucleus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 16 where where WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 17 DNA DNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 18 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 19 housed house VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 21 hnRNA hnrna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 22 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 23 spliced splice VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 24 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 25 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 26 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 27 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 28 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 29 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 30 where where WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 31 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 32 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 33 located locate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 34 along along IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 35 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 36 rough rough JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 37 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 38 reticulum reticulum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 76 39 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 1 Some some DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 2 proteins protein NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 3 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 4 further further RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 5 processed process VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 8 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 9 apparatus apparatus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 10 if if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 12 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 13 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 14 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 15 exported export VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 16 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 17 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 18 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 77 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 2 correspondence correspondence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 3 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 4 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 5 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 6 amino amino NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 7 acid acid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 8 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 9 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 10 known know VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 11 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 13 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 14 code code NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 78 15 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 79 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 79 2 transcription transcription NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 79 3 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 2 transcription transcription NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 4 DNA DNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 5 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 6 used use VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 7 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 9 blueprint blueprint NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 10 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 12 production production NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 80 15 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 1 Transcription transcription NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 3 performed perform VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 4 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 6 polymerase polymerase NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 7 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 8 adds add VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 9 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 10 ribonucleotide ribonucleotide NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 11 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 12 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 13 growing grow VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 15 strand strand NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 17 complimentary complimentary JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 18 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 20 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 21 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 22 being be VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 23 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 81 24 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 82 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 82 2 product product NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 82 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 82 4 heterologous heterologous NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 82 5 nuclear nuclear NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 82 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 82 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 82 8 hnRNA hnrna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 82 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 82 10 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 83 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 83 2 splicing splicing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 83 3 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 2 splicing splicing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 4 hnRNA hnrna ADD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 5 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 6 processed process VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 7 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 9 nucleus nucleus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 10 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 11 remove remove VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 12 introns intron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 13 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 14 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 15 function function VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 16 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 17 partially partially RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 18 regulate regulate VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 19 transcription transcription NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 21 join join VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 22 exons exon NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 24 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 25 code code NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 26 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 27 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 28 actual actual JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 29 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 30 product product NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 84 31 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 85 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 85 2 product product NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 85 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 85 4 slicing slicing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 85 5 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 85 6 mRNA mrna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 85 7 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 86 1 Translation translation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 86 2 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 1 Translation translation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 4 production production NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 6 proteins protein NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 7 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 8 decoding decode VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 10 mRNA mrna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 11 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 12 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 13 produced produce VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 14 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 15 transcription transcription NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 16 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 17 splicing splicing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 87 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 2 mRNA mrna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 3 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 4 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 6 template template NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 7 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 8 guides guide VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 10 production production NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 12 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 13 chain chain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 14 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 15 amino amino JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 16 acids acid NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 17 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 18 form form VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 19 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 20 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 88 21 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 1 decade decade NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 3 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 4 technique technique NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 5 enables enable VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 6 examination examination NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 9 whole whole JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 10 human human JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 11 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 12 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 13 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 14 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 15 chip chip NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 16 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 17 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 18 resolution resolution NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 19 as as RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 20 high high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 21 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 22 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 23 few few JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 24 hundred hundred CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 25 base base NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 26 pairs pair NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 89 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 2 resolution resolution NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 4 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 5 least least JJS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 6 10-fold 10-fold CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 7 greater great JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 8 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 10 best good JJS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 11 prometaphase prometaphase NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 12 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 13 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 14 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 15 therefore therefore RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 18 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 20 most most RBS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 21 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 22 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 23 whole whole JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 24 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 25 screen screen NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 26 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 27 deletions deletion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 28 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 29 duplications duplication NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 90 30 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 91 1 Penetrance Penetrance NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 91 2 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 2 proportion proportion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 4 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 5 carrying carry VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 6 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 7 particular particular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 8 variation variation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 10 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 11 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 12 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 13 also also RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 14 expresses express VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 15 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 16 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 17 trait trait NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 92 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 1 For for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 2 example example NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 4 if if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 6 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 7 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 8 95 95 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 9 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 10 penetrance penetrance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 12 then then RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 13 95 95 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 14 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 15 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 16 those those DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 17 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 18 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 19 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 20 will will MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 21 develop develop VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 22 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 23 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 24 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 25 while while IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 26 5 5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 27 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 28 will will MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 29 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 93 30 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 1 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 2 expressed express VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 3 along along IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 4 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 5 continuous continuous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 6 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 8 whose whose WP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 9 extreme extreme JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 10 end end NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 11 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 12 produce produce VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 13 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 14 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 15 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 16 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 17 hypertension hypertension NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 19 reading read VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 20 disability disability NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 22 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 23 attention attention NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 24 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 25 deficit deficit NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 26 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 27 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 28 hyperactivity hyperactivity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 30 ADHD ADHD NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 94 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 95 1 Recessive recessive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 95 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 95 3 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 95 4 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 2 number number NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 4 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 5 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 6 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 7 caused cause VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 8 when when WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 9 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 10 individual individual NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 11 inherits inherit VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 12 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 13 recessive recessive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 14 alleles allele NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 15 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 16 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 17 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 18 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 19 trait trait NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 21 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 22 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 23 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 24 cystic cystic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 25 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 26 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 27 PKU PKU NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 28 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 29 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 30 albinism albinism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 96 31 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 1 Recessive recessive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 2 alleles allele NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 3 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 4 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 5 located locate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 6 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 8 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 9 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 10 so so IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 11 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 12 males male NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 13 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 14 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 15 affected affected JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 16 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 17 females female NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 19 hemizygous hemizygous NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 22 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 23 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 24 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 25 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 26 X. X. NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 27 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 28 microarray microarray NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 29 technique technique NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 30 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 31 identifies identify VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 32 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 33 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 34 point point NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 35 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 36 via via IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 37 sequencing sequence VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 38 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 39 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 40 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 41 areas area NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 42 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 43 suspected suspect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 44 abnormality abnormality NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 45 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 46 identified identify VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 47 via via IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 48 CGH CGH NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 49 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 50 FISH fish NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 97 51 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 98 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 98 2 looks look VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 98 3 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 98 4 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 98 5 smaller small JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 98 6 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 98 7 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 98 8 greater great JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 98 9 detail detail NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 98 10 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 98 11 does do VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 98 12 CGH CGH NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 98 13 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 99 1 * * NFP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 100 1 * * NFP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 100 2 Solomon Solomon NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 100 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 100 4 Berg Berg NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 100 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 100 6 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 100 7 Martin Martin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 100 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 100 9 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 100 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 100 11 _SP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 1 During during IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 2 embryologic embryologic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 3 development development NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 6 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 7 emerges emerge VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 8 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 10 neural neural JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 11 tube tube NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 13 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 14 early early JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 15 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 16 structure structure NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 101 17 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 2 anterior anterior JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 3 neural neural JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 4 tube tube NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 5 expands expand VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 6 rapidly rapidly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 7 due due JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 8 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 9 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 10 proliferation proliferation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 11 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 12 eventually eventually RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 13 gives give VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 14 rise rise NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 15 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 16 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 17 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 102 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 1 Cells cell NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 2 stop stop VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 3 dividing divide VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 4 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 5 differentiate differentiate VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 6 into into IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 7 neurons neuron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 9 glial glial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 10 cells cell NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 13 main main JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 14 cellular cellular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 15 components component NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 17 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 18 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 103 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 2 neurons neuron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 3 must must MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 4 migrate migrate VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 5 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 6 different different JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 7 parts part NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 10 developing develop VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 11 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 12 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 13 self self NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 14 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 15 organize organize VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 16 into into IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 17 different different JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 18 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 19 structures structure NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 104 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 2 neurons neuron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 3 grow grow VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 4 connections connection NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 6 axons axon NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 7 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 8 dendrites dendrite NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 10 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 11 often often RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 12 must must MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 13 span span VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 14 long long JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 15 distances distance NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 16 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 17 reach reach VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 19 target target NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 20 cells cell NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 105 21 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 1 Growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 2 cones cone NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 3 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 5 highly highly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 6 motile motile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 7 filamentous filamentous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 8 connections connection NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 9 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 10 eventually eventually RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 11 form form VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 12 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 13 stable stable JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 14 synapses synapsis NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 15 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 16 neurons neuron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 106 17 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 107 1 Neurons neuron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 107 2 communicate communicate VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 107 3 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 107 4 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 107 5 neurons neuron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 107 6 via via IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 107 7 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 107 8 synapses synapsis NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 107 9 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 2 communication communication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 3 leads lead VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 4 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 6 establishment establishment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 8 functional functional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 9 neural neural JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 10 circuits circuit NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 11 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 12 mediate mediate VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 13 sensory sensory JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 14 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 15 motor motor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 16 processing processing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 17 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 18 behavior behavior NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 108 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 1 Associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 2 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 3 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 4 period period NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 6 synaptogenesis synaptogenesis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 7 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 9 brief brief JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 10 period period NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 12 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 13 programmed program VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 14 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 15 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 16 death death NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 18 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 19 pruning pruning NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 20 process process NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 21 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 22 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 23 cells cell NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 24 succumb succumb VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 25 during during IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 26 natural natural JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 27 development development NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 29 Mattson Mattson NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 30 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 31 Furukawa Furukawa NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 32 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 33 1998 1998 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 109 35 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 1 Migration migration NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 2 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 3 cells cell NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 4 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 6 ventricular ventricular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 7 zone zone NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 8 lining line VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 10 central central JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 11 canal canal NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 12 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 13 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 14 neural neural JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 15 tube tube NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 16 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 17 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 18 developing develop VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 19 cortex cortex NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 20 next next JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 21 takes take VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 22 place place NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 23 followed follow VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 24 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 25 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 26 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 27 protracted protracted JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 28 period period NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 29 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 30 pruning pruning NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 32 Volpe Volpe NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 33 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 34 2001 2001 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 110 36 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 1 One one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 3 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 4 allows allow VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 5 cells cell NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 6 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 7 detach detach VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 9 migrate migrate VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 10 away away RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 11 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 12 each each DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 13 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 14 appears appear VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 15 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 16 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 17 regulated regulate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 18 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 19 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 20 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 21 molecular molecular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 22 switch switch NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 23 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 24 regulated regulate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 25 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 26 catenin catenin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 27 adhesion adhesion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 28 proteins protein NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 30 DiCicco DiCicco NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 31 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 32 Bloom Bloom NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 33 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 34 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 111 36 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 1 Neuroligin Neuroligin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 3 recently recently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 4 described describe VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 5 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 6 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 7 research research NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 9 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 10 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 11 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 12 adhesion adhesion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 13 molecule molecule NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 14 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 15 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 16 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 17 postsynaptic postsynaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 18 membrane membrane NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 112 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 1 Also also RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 3 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 4 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 5 derived derive VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 6 neurotrophic neurotrophic NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 7 factor factor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 9 BDNF BDNF NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 11 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 12 produced produce VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 13 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 15 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 16 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 17 regulates regulate VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 18 several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 19 functions function NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 20 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 21 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 22 developing develop VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 23 synapse synapse NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 24 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 25 including include VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 26 enhancement enhancement NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 27 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 28 neurotransmitter neurotransmitter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 29 release release NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 113 30 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 1 Activity activity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 2 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 4 CNS CNS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 5 synapses synapsis NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 6 occurs occur VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 7 over over IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 9 life life NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 10 span span NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 11 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 12 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 13 thought think VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 14 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 15 underlie underlie VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 16 learning learning NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 17 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 18 memory memory NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 114 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 2 excitatory excitatory JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 3 neurotransmitter neurotransmitter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 4 glutamate glutamate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 5 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 6 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 7 receptors receptor NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 9 particularly particularly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 11 N n CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 12 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 13 methyl methyl NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 14 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 15 D d NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 16 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 17 aspartate aspartate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 19 NMDA NMDA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 21 receptor receptor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 23 initiate initiate VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 24 synaptogenesis synaptogenesis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 25 through through IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 26 activation activation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 27 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 28 downstream downstream JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 29 products product NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 115 30 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 1 At at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 3 CNS CNS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 4 synapse synapse NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 6 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 7 nerve nerve NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 8 terminal terminal NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 9 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 10 separated separate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 11 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 13 postsynaptic postsynaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 14 membrane membrane NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 15 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 16 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 17 cleft cleft NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 18 containing contain VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 19 specialized specialized JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 20 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 21 material material NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 116 22 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 1 Localized localized JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 2 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 3 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 4 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 6 active active JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 7 sites site NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 9 clustered cluster VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 10 receptors receptor NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 11 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 12 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 13 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 14 postsynaptic postsynaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 15 membrane membrane NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 16 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 17 glial glial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 18 cells cell NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 19 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 20 encapsulate encapsulate VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 21 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 22 entire entire JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 23 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 24 cleft cleft NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 117 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 1 There there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 3 differentiation differentiation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 4 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 6 pre pre JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 7 - - JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 9 postsynaptic postsynaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 10 membrane membrane NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 11 following follow VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 12 initial initial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 13 contact contact NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 14 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 15 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 16 cells cell NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 118 17 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 2 includes include VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 4 clustering clustering NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 6 receptors receptor NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 8 localized localize VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 9 upregulation upregulation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 11 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 12 synthesis synthesis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 13 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 15 active active JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 16 sites site NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 18 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 19 continued continue VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 20 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 21 pruning pruning NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 22 through through IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 23 synapse synapse NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 24 elimination elimination NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 119 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 1 Neurons neuron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 2 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 4 CNS CNS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 5 receive receive VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 6 multiple multiple JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 7 inputs input NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 8 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 9 must must MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 10 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 11 processed process VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 13 integrated integrate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 14 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 15 successful successful JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 16 transfer transfer NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 17 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 18 information information NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 120 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 121 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 121 2 multiple multiple JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 121 3 inputs input NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 121 4 physically physically RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 121 5 represent represent VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 121 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 121 7 plasticity plasticity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 121 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 121 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 121 10 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 121 11 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 1 Macrocephaly Macrocephaly NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 2 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 3 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 4 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 7 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 8 most most RBS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 9 widely widely RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 10 replicated replicate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 11 biological biological JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 12 findings finding NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 13 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 14 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 15 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 17 McCaffery McCaffery NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 18 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 19 Deutsch Deutsch NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 21 2005 2005 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 24 affecting affect VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 25 up up IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 26 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 27 20 20 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 28 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 29 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 30 all all DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 31 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 32 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 33 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 122 34 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 1 Several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 2 reports report NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 3 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 4 shown show VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 5 increased increase VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 6 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 7 volume volume NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 9 macroencephaly macroencephaly NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 10 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 11 megalencephaly megalencephaly NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 13 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 14 both both CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 15 white white JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 16 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 17 grey grey JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 18 matter matter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 19 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 20 results result NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 21 varying vary VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 22 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 23 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 24 function function NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 25 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 26 age age NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 123 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 1 MRI MRI NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 2 volumetric volumetric JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 3 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 4 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 5 showed show VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 6 increased increase VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 7 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 8 volume volume NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 10 younger young JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 12 total total JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 13 ages age NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 14 2 2 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 15 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 16 21 21 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 18 subjects subject NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 19 compared compare VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 20 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 21 older old JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 23 total total JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 24 ages age NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 25 5 5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 26 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 27 21 21 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 29 subjects subject NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 31 Courchesne Courchesne NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 32 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 33 Carper Carper NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 34 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 35 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 36 Akshoomoff Akshoomoff NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 37 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 38 2003 2003 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 39 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 40 Sokol Sokol NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 41 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 42 Edwards Edwards NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 43 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 44 Brown Brown NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 45 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 46 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 47 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 48 Sparks Sparks NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 49 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 50 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 51 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 52 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 53 2002 2002 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 124 55 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 1 To to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 2 explain explain VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 4 relevance relevance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 6 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 7 volume volume NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 8 enlargement enlargement NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 10 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 13 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 14 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 15 proposed propose VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 16 that that DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 17 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 18 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 19 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 20 without without IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 21 guidance guidance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 22 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 23 occurs occur VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 24 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 25 young young JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 26 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 27 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 29 Courchesne Courchesne NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 30 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 31 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 32 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 33 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 34 2001 2001 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 36 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 37 premature premature JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 38 expansion expansion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 39 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 40 overgrowth overgrowth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 41 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 42 neural neural JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 43 elements element NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 44 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 45 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 46 connections connection NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 125 47 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 3 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 4 enlargement enlargement NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 5 appears appear VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 6 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 7 develop develop VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 8 postnatally postnatally NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 10 arising arise VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 11 before before IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 12 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 13 during during IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 15 early early JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 16 recognition recognition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 17 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 18 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 19 behaviors behavior NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 126 20 -between -between . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 127 1 18 18 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 127 2 months month NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 127 3 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 127 4 3 3 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 127 5 years year NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 127 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 127 7 Courchesne Courchesne NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 127 8 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 127 9 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 127 10 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 127 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 127 12 2003 2003 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 127 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 127 14 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 1 Proposed propose VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 3 underlying underlie VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 4 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 5 enlargement enlargement NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 6 include include VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 7 overproduction overproduction NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 9 synapses synapsis NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 11 failure failure NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 12 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 13 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 14 pruning pruning NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 16 excessive excessive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 17 neurogenesis neurogenesis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 19 gliogenesis gliogenesis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 21 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 22 reduction reduction NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 23 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 24 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 25 death death NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 27 McCaffery McCaffery NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 28 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 29 Deutsch Deutsch NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 30 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 31 2005 2005 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 128 33 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 3 underlying underlie VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 5 tremendous tremendous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 6 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 9 typically typically RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 10 developing develop VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 11 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 12 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 14 compared compare VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 15 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 16 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 17 relatively relatively RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 18 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 19 limited limited JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 20 postnatal postnatal NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 21 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 22 adult adult NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 23 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 24 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 26 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 27 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 28 implicated implicate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 29 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 30 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 31 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 32 enlargement enlargement NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 33 seen see VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 34 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 35 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 129 36 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 2 leads lead VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 3 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 5 proposal proposal NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 6 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 7 overstimulation overstimulation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 9 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 10 receptor receptor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 11 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 12 mediated mediate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 13 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 14 transcription transcription NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 15 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 16 increase increase VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 17 neural neural JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 18 progenitor progenitor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 19 cells cell NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 20 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 21 generate generate VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 22 marked marked JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 23 increases increase NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 24 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 25 cortical cortical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 26 surface surface NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 27 area area NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 29 McCaffery McCaffery NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 30 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 31 Deutsch Deutsch NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 32 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 33 2005 2005 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 130 35 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 4 number number NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 6 neurons neuron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 7 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 9 young young JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 10 cortex cortex NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 11 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 12 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 13 function function NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 14 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 16 number number NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 17 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 18 proliferative proliferative JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 19 cells cell NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 20 present present JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 21 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 22 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 23 onset onset NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 24 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 25 neurogenesis neurogenesis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 131 26 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 1 Tumor tumor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 2 suppressor suppressor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 3 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 4 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 5 control control VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 6 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 7 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 9 migration migration NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 11 when when WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 12 defective defective JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 14 could could MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 15 contribute contribute VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 16 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 17 macrocephaly macrocephaly NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 18 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 19 failure failure NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 20 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 21 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 22 pruning pruning NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 132 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 2 explains explain VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 4 great great JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 5 interest interest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 7 tumor tumor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 8 suppressor suppressor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 9 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 10 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 11 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 12 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 13 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 14 candidate candidate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 15 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 16 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 17 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 133 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 1 Recently recently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 3 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 4 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 5 adhesion adhesion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 6 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 7 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 8 proposed propose VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 9 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 10 another another DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 11 mechanism mechanism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 12 involved involve VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 13 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 14 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 15 overgrowth overgrowth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 16 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 17 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 134 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 1 Cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 2 adhesion adhesion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 3 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 4 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 5 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 7 while while IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 8 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 10 adhesion adhesion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 11 promote promote VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 12 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 13 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 14 contribute contribute VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 15 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 16 aberrant aberrant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 17 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 135 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 3 believed believe VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 4 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 5 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 6 causes cause NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 8 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 9 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 10 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 11 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 12 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 13 alterations alteration NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 14 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 15 adhesion adhesion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 16 molecules molecule NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 17 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 18 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 19 synapse synapse NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 20 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 21 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 22 molecules molecule NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 23 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 24 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 25 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 26 receptors receptor NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 136 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 3 recent recent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 4 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 5 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 6 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 7 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 8 associations association NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 9 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 10 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 11 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 13 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 14 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 15 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 16 adhesion adhesion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 17 molecules molecule NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 19 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 20 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 21 NLGN1 NLGN1 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 22 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 23 ASTN2 ASTN2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 24 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 25 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 26 cadherins cadherin NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 137 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 1 There there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 3 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 4 emerging emerge VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 5 theory theory NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 7 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 8 recently recently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 9 reviewed review VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 11 Geschwind Geschwind NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 13 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 16 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 17 short short JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 18 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 19 range range NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 20 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 21 connections connection NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 22 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 23 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 24 overgrown overgrown JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 25 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 26 longer long RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 27 range range VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 28 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 29 connections connection NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 30 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 31 different different JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 32 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 33 lobules lobule NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 34 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 35 reduced reduce VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 36 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 37 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 138 38 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 2 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 4 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 5 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 6 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 8 noted note VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 9 reduction reduction NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 12 size size NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 15 corpus corpus NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 16 callosum callosum NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 17 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 18 connects connect VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 20 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 21 cerebral cerebral JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 22 hemispheres hemisphere NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 23 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 24 reduced reduce VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 25 connectivity connectivity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 26 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 27 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 28 frontal frontal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 29 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 30 temporal temporal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 31 lobes lobe NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 32 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 33 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 34 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 35 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 36 locations location NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 37 responsible responsible JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 38 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 39 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 40 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 41 social social JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 42 judgment judgment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 139 43 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 2 preservation preservation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 4 normal normal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 5 short short JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 6 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 7 range range NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 8 connections connection NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 9 could could MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 10 explain explain VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 11 some some DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 12 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 13 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 14 preserved preserve VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 15 processing processing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 16 functions function NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 17 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 18 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 19 visual visual JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 20 perception perception NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 21 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 22 attention attention NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 23 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 24 detail detail NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 25 experienced experience VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 26 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 27 many many JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 28 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 29 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 31 Geschwind Geschwind NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 32 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 33 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 140 35 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 1 Three three CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 2 lines line NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 4 research research NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 5 indirectly indirectly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 6 attest attest VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 7 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 9 heritability heritability NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 11 autism autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 12 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 13 twin twin JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 14 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 16 family family NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 17 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 19 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 20 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 21 fact fact NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 22 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 23 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 24 affects affect VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 25 more more JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 26 boys boy NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 27 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 28 girls girl NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 141 29 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 2 general general JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 4 hereditability hereditability NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 5 appears appear VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 6 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 7 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 8 greater great JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 9 when when WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 10 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 11 broader broad JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 12 definition definition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 14 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 16 including include VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 17 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 18 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 19 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 20 deficits deficit NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 21 and/or and/or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 22 social social JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 23 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 25 instead instead RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 26 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 27 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 28 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 29 DSM DSM NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 30 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 31 IV IV NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 32 criteria criterion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 33 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 34 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 35 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 36 used use VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 142 37 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 3 first first JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 4 twin twin JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 5 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 7 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 9 Folstein Folstein NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 10 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 11 Rutter Rutter NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 13 1977 1977 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 16 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 17 concordance concordance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 18 rate rate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 19 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 20 monozygotic monozygotic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 22 MZ MZ NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 24 pairs pair NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 26 36 36 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 27 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 29 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 30 significantly significantly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 31 greater great JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 32 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 33 that that DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 34 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 35 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 36 dizygotic dizygotic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 38 DZ DZ NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 40 pairs pair NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 42 0 0 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 43 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 143 45 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 1 If if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 3 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 4 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 5 expanded expand VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 6 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 7 include include VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 9 cognitive cognitive NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 10 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 11 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 12 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 13 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 16 concordance concordance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 17 rates rate NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 18 were be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 19 82 82 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 21 10 10 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 22 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 24 respectively respectively RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 144 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 1 Two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 2 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 3 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 4 found find VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 5 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 6 MZ MZ NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 7 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 8 DZ dz NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 9 concordance concordance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 10 rate rate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 12 91 91 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 13 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 14 0 0 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 15 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 17 Steffenburg Steffenburg NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 18 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 19 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 20 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 22 1989 1989 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 24 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 25 60 60 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 26 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 27 5 5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 28 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 29 utilizing utilize VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 30 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 31 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 32 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 33 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 34 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 35 90 90 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 36 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 37 vs. vs. CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 38 10 10 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 39 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 40 using use VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 41 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 42 broader broad JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 43 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 44 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 45 included include VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 46 social social JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 47 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 48 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 49 deficits deficit NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 145 50 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 1 Across across IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 2 twin twin JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 3 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 4 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 5 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 8 difference difference NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 9 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 10 MZ MZ NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 11 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 12 DZ DZ NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 13 concordance concordance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 14 rates rate NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 15 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 16 sizable sizable JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 18 averaging average VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 19 roughly roughly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 20 10:1 10:1 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 22 Pennington Pennington NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 24 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 146 26 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 2 rate rate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 4 greater great JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 5 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 6 that that DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 7 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 8 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 9 psychiatric psychiatric JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 10 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 11 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 12 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 13 depression depression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 15 bipolar bipolar JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 16 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 18 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 19 schizophrenia schizophrenia NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 21 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 22 2:1 2:1 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 23 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 24 4:1 4:1 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 26 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 27 indicating indicate VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 28 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 29 high high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 30 heritability heritability NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 31 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 32 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 34 Pennington Pennington NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 35 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 36 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 147 38 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 1 On on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 3 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 4 hand hand NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 6 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 7 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 8 great great JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 9 variability variability NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 11 IQ iq NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 13 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 14 behaviors behavior NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 15 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 16 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 17 16 16 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 18 MZ MZ NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 19 pairs pair NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 20 concordant concordant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 21 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 22 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 23 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 24 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 25 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 148 26 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 2 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 3 words word NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 5 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 6 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 7 no no DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 8 more more JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 9 similarity similarity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 10 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 11 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 12 traits trait NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 13 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 14 MZ MZ NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 15 pairs pair NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 16 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 17 that that DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 18 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 19 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 20 picked pick VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 21 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 22 random random JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 23 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 24 different different JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 25 MZ MZ NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 26 pairs pair NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 27 who who WP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 28 also also RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 29 had have VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 30 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 149 31 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 1 As as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 2 interpreted interpret VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 3 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 4 Pennington Pennington NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 6 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 9 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 10 finding finding NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 11 suggests suggest VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 12 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 13 although although IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 14 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 15 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 16 heritable heritable JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 18 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 19 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 20 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 21 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 22 dictate dictate VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 23 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 24 exact exact JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 25 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 150 26 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 1 Nonadditive nonadditive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 2 interaction interaction NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 3 among among IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 4 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 6 epistasis epistasis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 9 nonshared nonshare VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 10 environmental environmental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 11 influences influence NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 12 likely likely RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 13 contribute contribute VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 14 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 15 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 16 differences difference NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 17 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 18 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 151 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 1 Further further RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 4 large large JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 5 disparity disparity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 6 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 8 MZ MZ NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 9 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 11 DZ DZ NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 12 concordance concordance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 13 rates rate NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 14 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 15 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 16 attributed attribute VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 17 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 18 epistasis epistasis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 20 Pennington Pennington NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 22 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 152 24 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 3 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 4 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 5 variants variant NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 6 causing cause VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 8 common common JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 9 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 11 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 14 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 15 described describe VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 16 below below RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 18 could could MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 19 contribute contribute VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 20 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 21 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 22 large large JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 23 MZ MZ NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 24 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 25 DZ DZ NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 26 discordance discordance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 153 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 1 Individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 2 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 3 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 4 rarely rarely RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 5 marry marry VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 6 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 7 have have VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 8 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 9 so so IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 10 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 11 vertical vertical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 12 transmission transmission NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 15 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 16 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 17 parent parent NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 18 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 19 child child NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 20 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 21 rarely rarely RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 22 observed observe VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 24 Pennington Pennington NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 26 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 154 28 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 1 However however RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 3 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 4 transmission transmission NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 5 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 6 still still RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 7 possible possible JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 8 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 9 parents parent NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 10 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 11 transmit transmit VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 12 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 13 risk risk NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 14 factors factor NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 15 without without IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 16 having have VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 17 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 18 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 19 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 155 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 1 Family family NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 2 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 4 cited cite VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 5 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 6 Geschwind Geschwind NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 7 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 8 Konopka Konopka NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 10 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 11 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 12 Pennington Pennington NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 14 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 16 suggest suggest VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 17 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 18 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 19 risk risk NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 20 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 21 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 22 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 23 20 20 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 24 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 25 60 60 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 26 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 27 higher high JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 28 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 29 siblings sibling NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 30 compared compare VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 31 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 32 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 33 incidence incidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 34 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 35 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 36 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 37 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 38 general general JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 39 population population NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 40 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 41 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 42 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 43 that that DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 44 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 45 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 46 psychiatric psychiatric JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 47 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 156 48 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 1 Several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 2 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 3 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 4 shown show VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 5 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 6 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 7 broad broad JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 8 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 9 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 10 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 11 transmitted transmit VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 12 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 13 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 14 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 15 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 16 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 17 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 19 Piven Piven NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 21 1999 1999 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 22 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 23 Rutter Rutter NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 24 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 25 2000 2000 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 157 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 1 For for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 2 example example NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 4 first first JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 5 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 6 degree degree NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 7 relatives relative NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 9 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 10 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 11 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 12 were be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 13 shown show VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 14 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 15 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 16 shy shy JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 18 aloof aloof JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 21 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 22 problematic problematic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 23 pragmatic pragmatic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 24 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 26 Rutter Rutter NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 27 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 28 2000 2000 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 158 30 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 2 pattern pattern NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 5 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 7 segregation segregation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 9 sub sub NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 10 - - JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 11 threshold threshold JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 12 traits trait NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 13 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 14 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 15 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 17 Abrahams Abrahams NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 18 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 19 Geschwind Geschwind NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 21 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 159 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 1 Finally finally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 3 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 4 affects affect VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 5 more more JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 6 boys boy NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 7 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 8 girls girl NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 10 4:1 4:1 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 13 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 14 finding finding NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 15 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 16 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 17 remained remain VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 18 constant constant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 19 since since IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 20 Kanner Kanner NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 21 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 22 first first JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 23 description description NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 24 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 25 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 26 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 27 1945 1945 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 28 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 29 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 30 despite despite IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 31 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 32 increasing increase VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 33 incidence incidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 34 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 35 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 36 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 160 37 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 2 predominantly predominantly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 3 male male JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 4 ratio ratio NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 5 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 6 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 7 attributed attribute VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 8 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 9 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 10 abnormality abnormality NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 11 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 13 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 14 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 16 discussed discuss VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 17 below below IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 20 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 21 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 22 sex sex NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 23 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 24 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 25 genomic genomic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 26 imprinting imprinting NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 28 Lintas Lintas NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 29 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 30 Persico Persico NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 31 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 32 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 33 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 34 Marco Marco NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 35 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 36 Skuse Skuse NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 37 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 38 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 161 40 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 1 Sex sex NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 2 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 3 involves involve VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 4 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 5 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 6 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 8 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 9 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 10 transmitted transmit VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 11 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 13 mother mother NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 14 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 16 son son NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 162 17 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 1 As as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 3 son son NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 4 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 5 only only RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 6 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 7 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 8 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 10 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 11 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 12 would would MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 13 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 14 expressed express VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 163 15 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 1 Since since IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 3 mother mother NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 4 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 5 daughter daughter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 6 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 7 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 8 copies copy NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 11 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 12 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 13 -one -one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 14 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 15 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 16 father father NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 17 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 18 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 19 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 20 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 21 mother mother NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 22 -the -the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 164 23 daughter daughter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 165 1 likely likely RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 165 2 would would MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 165 3 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 165 4 express express VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 165 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 165 6 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 165 7 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 165 8 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 2 most most RBS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 3 well well RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 4 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 5 known know VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 6 example example NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 9 sex sex NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 10 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 11 linked link VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 12 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 13 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 14 hemophilia hemophilia NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 16 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 17 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 18 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 20 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 21 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 166 22 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 1 Genomic genomic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 2 imprinting imprinting NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 4 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 6 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 7 hand hand NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 9 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 10 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 11 epigenetic epigenetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 12 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 13 wherein wherein WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 14 chemical chemical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 15 modification modification NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 17 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 18 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 19 does do VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 20 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 21 alter alter VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 22 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 23 basic basic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 24 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 25 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 26 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 27 modification modification NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 28 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 29 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 30 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 31 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 32 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 33 histone histone NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 34 proteins protein NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 35 determines determine VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 36 whether whether IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 37 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 38 maternal maternal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 39 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 40 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 41 paternal paternal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 42 copy copy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 43 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 44 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 45 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 46 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 47 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 48 expressed express VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 167 49 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 168 1 Genomic genomic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 168 2 imprinting imprinting NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 168 3 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 168 4 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 168 5 determined determine VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 168 6 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 168 7 Prader Prader NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 168 8 Willi Willi NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 168 9 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 168 10 Angelman Angelman NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 168 11 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 168 12 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 168 13 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 1 Finally finally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 3 increased increase VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 4 risk risk NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 5 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 6 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 7 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 8 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 9 identified identify VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 12 offspring offspring NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 14 older old JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 15 fathers father NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 17 Reichenberg Reichenberg NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 18 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 19 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 20 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 22 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 169 24 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 4 gender gender NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 5 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 6 age age NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 9 parent parent NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 10 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 11 confer confer VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 12 risk risk NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 13 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 14 offspring offspring NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 15 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 16 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 170 17 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 2 conclusion conclusion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 3 drawn draw VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 4 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 5 indirect indirect JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 6 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 7 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 8 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 9 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 10 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 12 most most RBS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 13 heritable heritable JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 14 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 15 familial familial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 16 neurodevelopmental neurodevelopmental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 17 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 19 Pennington Pennington NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 21 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 171 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 1 With with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 2 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 3 exceptions exception NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 5 however however RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 7 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 8 does do VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 9 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 10 appear appear VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 11 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 12 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 13 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 14 action action NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 15 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 16 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 17 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 18 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 19 inherited inherit VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 20 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 21 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 22 strictly strictly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 23 Mendelian mendelian JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 24 pattern pattern NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 26 autosomal autosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 27 dominant dominant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 28 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 29 recessive recessive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 30 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 31 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 32 X X NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 33 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 34 linked link VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 35 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 36 Gupta Gupta NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 37 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 38 State State NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 39 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 40 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 41 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 42 O'Roak O'Roak NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 43 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 44 State State NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 45 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 46 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 172 48 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 1 Rather rather RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 3 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 4 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 5 reports report NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 7 multiple multiple JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 9 distinctly distinctly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 10 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 11 changes change NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 12 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 13 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 14 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 15 code code NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 16 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 17 small small JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 18 subsets subset NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 19 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 20 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 21 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 22 cause cause VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 23 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 24 contribute contribute VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 25 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 26 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 173 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 174 1 There there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 174 2 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 174 3 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 174 4 multiple multiple JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 174 5 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 174 6 variants variant NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 175 1 -"a -"a NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 176 1 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 176 2 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 176 3 multiple multiple JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 176 4 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 176 5 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 176 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 176 7 Gupta Gupta NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 176 8 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 176 9 State State NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 176 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 176 11 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 176 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 177 1 -that -that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 177 2 converge converge VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 177 3 leading lead VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 177 4 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 177 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 177 6 given give VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 177 7 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 177 8 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 1 Despite despite IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 3 indirect indirect JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 4 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 5 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 6 heritability heritability NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 7 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 8 recent recent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 9 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 10 technological technological JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 11 advances advance NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 13 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 14 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 15 cause cause NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 16 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 17 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 18 attributed attribute VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 19 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 20 only only RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 21 10 10 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 22 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 23 20 20 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 24 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 25 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 26 all all DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 27 cases case NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 29 reviewed review VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 30 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 31 Abrahams Abrahams NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 32 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 33 Geschwind Geschwind NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 34 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 35 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 37 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 38 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 39 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 40 recent recent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 41 report report NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 42 suggesting suggest VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 43 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 44 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 45 cause cause NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 46 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 47 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 48 uncovered uncover VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 49 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 50 up up IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 51 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 52 40 40 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 53 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 54 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 55 cases case NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 57 Schaefer Schaefer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 58 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 59 Lutz Lutz NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 60 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 61 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 178 63 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 1 Further further RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 3 Abraham Abraham NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 4 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 5 Geschwind Geschwind NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 7 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 9 state state NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 10 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 11 no no DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 12 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 13 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 14 cause cause NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 15 accounts account VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 16 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 17 more more JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 18 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 19 1 1 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 20 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 21 2 2 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 22 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 23 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 24 cases case NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 179 25 -similar -similar . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 1 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 2 what what WP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 4 seen see VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 5 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 6 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 7 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 9 another another DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 10 condition condition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 11 without without IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 12 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 13 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 14 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 15 cause cause NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 180 16 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 1 While while IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 2 numerous numerous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 3 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 4 identifying identify VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 5 candidate candidate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 6 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 7 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 8 makers maker NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 9 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 10 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 11 reported report VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 13 very very RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 14 few few JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 15 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 16 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 17 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 181 18 replicated replicate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 182 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 182 2 Losh Losh NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 182 3 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 182 4 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 182 5 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 182 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 182 7 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 182 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 182 9 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 1 Reasons reason NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 2 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 3 explain explain VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 4 why why WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 5 candidates candidate NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 6 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 7 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 8 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 9 agreed agree VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 10 upon upon IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 11 include include VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 13 initial initial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 14 lack lack NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 15 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 16 uniform uniform JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 17 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 18 criteria criterion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 20 strict strict JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 21 vs. vs. FW cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 22 broad broad JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 23 definition definition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 26 limited limited JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 27 power power NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 28 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 29 varying vary VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 30 methodology methodology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 183 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 1 Losh Losh NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 2 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 3 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 4 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 6 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 9 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 10 neglect neglect NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 12 epigenetic epigenetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 13 factors factor NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 14 modeling model VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 16 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 18 Lahiri Lahiri NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 20 Maloney Maloney NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 22 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 23 Zawia Zawia NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 24 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 25 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 184 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 1 Further further RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 3 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 4 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 5 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 6 conditions condition NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 7 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 9 strong strong JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 10 heritable heritable JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 11 component component NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 14 appears appear VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 15 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 16 different different JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 17 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 18 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 19 contribute contribute VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 20 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 21 distinct distinct JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 22 components component NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 23 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 24 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 25 condition condition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 26 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 27 gives give VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 28 rise rise NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 29 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 30 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 31 full full JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 32 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 33 through through IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 34 concerted concerted JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 35 actions action NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 37 Losh Losh NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 38 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 39 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 40 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 41 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 42 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 43 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 44 Pickles Pickles NNPS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 45 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 46 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 47 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 48 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 49 1995 1995 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 185 51 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 4 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 5 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 6 said say VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 7 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 8 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 9 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 10 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 11 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 12 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 13 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 15 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 16 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 18 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 19 but but CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 20 rather rather RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 22 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 23 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 24 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 25 powerful powerful JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 26 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 27 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 28 necessary necessary JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 29 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 30 explain explain VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 31 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 32 multiple multiple JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 33 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 34 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 35 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 36 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 38 Abrahams Abrahams NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 39 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 40 Geschwind Geschwind NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 41 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 42 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 186 44 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 1 No no DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 2 one one NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 3 knows know VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 4 just just RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 5 how how WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 6 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 8 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 9 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 10 likely likely JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 11 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 12 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 14 that that RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 15 is is RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 17 how how WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 18 many many JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 19 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 20 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 21 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 22 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 23 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 25 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 27 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 28 contribute contribute VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 29 either either CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 30 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 31 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 32 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 33 individual individual NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 34 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 35 among among IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 36 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 37 entire entire JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 38 group group NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 39 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 40 affected affect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 41 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 187 42 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 1 Some some DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 2 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 4 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 5 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 6 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 7 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 8 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 9 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 10 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 11 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 12 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 13 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 14 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 15 summarized summarize VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 16 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 17 Table Table NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 18 6 6 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 19 .1 .1 NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 21 will will MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 22 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 23 addressed address VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 24 herein herein RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 188 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 2 addition addition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 5 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 6 important important JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 7 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 8 distinguish distinguish VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 9 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 10 locus locus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 11 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 13 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 14 refers refer VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 15 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 16 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 17 variation variation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 18 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 19 many many JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 20 different different JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 21 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 22 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 23 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 24 resulting result VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 25 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 26 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 27 similar similar JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 28 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 29 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 30 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 31 allelic allelic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 32 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 33 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 34 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 35 refers refer VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 36 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 37 different different JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 38 variations variation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 39 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 40 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 41 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 42 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 43 same same JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 44 locus locus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 45 leading lead VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 46 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 47 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 48 identical identical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 49 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 50 overlapping overlap VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 51 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 52 picture picture NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 189 53 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 1 Accumulating accumulate VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 2 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 4 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 5 both both DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 6 play play VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 8 role role NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 10 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 12 O'Roak O'Roak NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 13 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 14 State State NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 16 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 190 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 1 Recently recently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 3 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 4 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 5 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 6 variant variant NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 7 common common JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 8 disease disease NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 9 model model NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 10 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 11 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 12 introduced introduce VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 14 O o UH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 15 ' ' '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 16 Roak Roak NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 17 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 18 State State NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 20 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 191 22 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 192 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 192 2 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 192 3 model model NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 192 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 192 5 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 192 6 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 192 7 explain explain VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 192 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 192 9 common common JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 192 10 disease disease NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 192 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 192 12 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 192 13 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 2 makes make VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 3 sense sense NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 4 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 6 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 7 tradition tradition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 8 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 9 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 10 deleterious deleterious JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 11 change change NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 12 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 13 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 14 human human JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 15 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 16 leads lead VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 17 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 18 reduced reduce VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 19 fitness fitness NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 21 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 22 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 23 would would MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 24 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 25 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 26 likely likely JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 27 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 28 propagate propagate VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 29 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 30 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 31 population population NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 193 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 1 Autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 2 fits fit VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 4 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 5 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 6 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 7 common common JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 8 disease disease NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 9 model model NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 10 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 12 begins begin VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 13 early early RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 14 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 15 life life NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 17 impairs impair VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 18 social social JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 19 interactions interaction NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 21 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 22 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 23 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 24 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 25 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 26 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 27 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 28 impacts impact VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 29 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 30 fitness fitness NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 32 O'Roak O'Roak NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 33 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 34 State State NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 35 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 36 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 194 38 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 2 large large JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 3 difference difference NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 4 seen see VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 5 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 6 monozygotic monozygotic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 7 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 8 dizygotic dizygotic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 9 concordance concordance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 10 rates rate NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 11 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 12 consistent consistent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 13 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 14 de de FW cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 15 novo novo NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 17 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 18 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 20 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 195 21 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 2 appears appear VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 3 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 4 simplex simplex JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 5 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 6 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 7 de de IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 8 novo novo NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 9 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 10 more more JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 11 frequentlywith frequentlywith NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 12 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 13 family family NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 14 member member NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 15 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 196 16 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 2 Sebat Sebat NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 3 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 4 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 5 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 7 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 9 whereas whereas IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 10 multiplex multiplex JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 11 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 12 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 13 transmitted transmit VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 14 variants variant NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 16 Bakkaloglu Bakkaloglu NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 17 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 18 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 19 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 21 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 197 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 2 search search NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 3 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 4 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 5 variants variant NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 6 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 7 led lead VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 8 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 10 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 12 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 13 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 14 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 15 genetically genetically RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 16 isolated isolate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 18 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 19 shared share VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 20 ancestry ancestry NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 21 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 22 prone prone JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 23 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 24 consanguinity consanguinity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 26 Morrow Morrow NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 27 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 28 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 29 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 30 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 31 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 32 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 33 Strauss Strauss NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 34 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 35 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 36 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 37 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 38 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 40 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 41 locate locate VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 42 recessive recessive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 43 alleles allele NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 198 44 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 1 Finally finally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 3 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 4 sequence sequence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 5 variations variation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 6 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 7 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 8 detected detect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 10 thanks thank NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 11 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 12 improved improved JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 13 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 14 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 15 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 16 CNV CNV NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 17 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 199 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 2 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 4 last last JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 5 5 5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 6 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 7 10 10 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 8 years year NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 10 20 20 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 11 bona bona JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 12 fide fide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 13 risk risk NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 14 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 15 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 16 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 17 identified identify VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 18 due due IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 19 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 20 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 21 improved improved JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 22 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 23 developed develop VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 24 after after IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 25 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 26 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 27 method method NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 29 Abrahams Abrahams NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 30 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 31 Geschwind Geschwind NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 32 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 33 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 200 35 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 201 1 Several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 201 2 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 201 3 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 201 4 risk risk NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 201 5 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 201 6 will will MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 201 7 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 201 8 discussed discuss VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 201 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 201 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 201 11 following follow VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 201 12 sections section NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 201 13 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 1 Abrahams Abrahams NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 2 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 3 Geschwind Geschwind NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 5 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 7 write write VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 8 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 9 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 10 views view NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 11 underlie underlie VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 12 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 13 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 14 research research NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 202 15 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 2 first first JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 4 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 5 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 6 variants variant NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 7 involve involve VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 8 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 9 abnormality abnormality NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 11 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 12 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 13 molecule molecule NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 14 causing cause VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 16 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 17 pathology pathology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 18 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 19 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 203 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 204 1 Mendelian mendelian JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 204 2 inheritance inheritance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 204 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 204 4 autosomal autosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 204 5 dominant dominant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 204 6 vs. vs. FW cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 204 7 recessive recessive NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 204 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 204 9 takes take VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 204 10 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 204 11 form form NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 204 12 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 1 Technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 2 compatible compatible JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 3 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 4 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 5 approach approach NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 6 includes include VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 7 cytogenetics cytogenetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 9 including include VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 10 karyotyping karyotyping NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 11 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 12 FISH fish NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 15 gene gene NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 16 association association NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 17 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 19 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 20 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 21 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 22 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 23 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 24 system system NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 25 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 26 less less RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 27 complex complex JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 28 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 29 syndromes syndrome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 30 similar similar JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 31 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 32 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 33 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 34 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 35 Rett Rett NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 36 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 37 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 38 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 39 syndromes syndrome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 41 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 42 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 43 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 45 including include VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 46 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 47 screens screen NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 48 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 49 affected affect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 50 sibling sibling NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 51 pairs pair NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 53 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 54 microarray microarray NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 55 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 56 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 57 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 58 CNV CNV NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 59 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 205 60 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 2 second second JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 3 view view NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 4 involves involve VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 6 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 8 independent independent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 9 hereditary hereditary JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 10 endophenotypes endophenotype NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 11 representing represent VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 13 core core NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 14 features feature NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 15 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 16 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 206 17 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 1 An an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 2 endophenotype endophenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 4 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 5 operationally operationally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 6 defined define VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 7 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 8 feature feature NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 9 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 10 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 11 age age NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 12 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 13 first first JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 14 spoken spoken JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 15 word word NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 207 16 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 1 Although although IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 2 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 4 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 5 general general JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 6 consensus consensus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 7 regarding regard VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 8 endophenotypes endophenotype NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 9 commonly commonly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 10 seen see VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 11 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 12 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 15 behaviors behavior NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 16 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 17 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 18 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 19 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 20 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 21 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 23 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 24 delay delay NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 25 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 26 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 27 acquisition acquisition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 28 accompanies accompany VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 29 many many JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 30 developmental developmental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 31 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 208 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 1 Ideally ideally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 3 endophenotypes endophenotype NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 4 represent represent VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 5 discreet discreet JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 6 behaviors behavior NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 7 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 8 do do VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 9 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 10 overlap overlap VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 11 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 12 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 13 behaviors behavior NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 14 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 16 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 17 core core NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 18 domains domain NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 20 i.e. i.e. FW cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 22 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 24 socialization socialization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 26 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 27 rigid rigid JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 28 behavior behavior NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 209 30 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 1 For for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 2 example example NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 4 poor poor JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 5 eye eye NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 6 contact contact NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 8 representing represent VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 9 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 10 deficit deficit NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 11 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 12 socialization socialization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 14 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 15 construed construe VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 16 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 17 being be VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 18 independent independent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 19 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 20 repetitive repetitive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 21 behaviors behavior NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 23 thought think VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 24 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 25 represent represent VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 26 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 27 rigid rigid JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 28 behavior behavior NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 29 domain domain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 210 30 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 1 Genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 2 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 4 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 5 discreet discreet JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 6 endophenotypes endophenotype NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 8 largely largely RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 9 undertaken undertake VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 10 via via IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 11 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 12 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 14 narrows narrow VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 16 scope scope NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 17 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 18 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 20 Losh Losh NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 21 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 22 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 211 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 212 1 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 212 2 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 212 3 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 212 4 O'Roak O'Roak NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 212 5 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 212 6 State State NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 212 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 212 8 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 212 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 212 10 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 1 Reports report NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 2 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 3 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 4 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 5 detected detect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 6 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 7 karyotyping karyotype VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 8 first first RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 9 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 10 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 11 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 12 variants variant NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 13 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 14 contribute contribute VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 15 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 16 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 18 Vorstman Vorstman NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 19 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 20 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 21 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 23 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 213 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 1 Estimates estimate NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 2 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 3 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 4 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 5 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 6 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 7 range range NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 8 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 9 6 6 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 10 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 11 40 40 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 12 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 14 Abrahams Abrahams NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 15 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 16 Geschwind Geschwind NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 18 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 214 19 ; ; . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 1 Marshall Marshall NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 2 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 3 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 4 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 6 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 7 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 8 Pennington Pennington NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 10 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 11 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 12 Schaefer Schaefer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 13 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 14 Lutz Lutz NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 16 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 215 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 1 so so IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 2 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 3 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 4 workup workup NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 5 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 6 now now RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 7 being be VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 8 recommended recommend VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 9 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 10 all all DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 11 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 12 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 13 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 14 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 16 Pennington Pennington NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 18 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 19 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 216 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 1 Chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 2 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 3 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 4 produced produce VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 6 great great JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 7 interest interest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 8 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 9 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 10 15q11 15q11 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 11 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 12 13 13 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 15 site site NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 17 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 18 most most RBS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 19 frequent frequent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 20 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 21 anomaly anomaly NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 22 seen see VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 23 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 24 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 26 reviewed review VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 27 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 28 Veenstra Veenstra NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 29 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 30 VanderWeele VanderWeele NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 31 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 32 Cook Cook NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 33 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 34 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 217 36 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 218 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 218 2 maternally maternally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 218 3 derived derive VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 218 4 duplication duplication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 218 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 218 6 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 218 7 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 218 8 involves involve VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 218 9 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 218 10 imprinting imprinting NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 218 11 mechanism mechanism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 218 12 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 1 Maternal maternal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 2 interstitial interstitial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 3 duplication duplication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 4 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 5 supernumerary supernumerary JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 6 inverted inverted JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 7 duplication duplication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 9 15q11 15q11 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 10 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 11 13 13 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 12 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 13 seen see VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 14 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 15 1 1 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 16 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 17 3 3 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 18 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 19 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 20 patients patient NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 22 Cook Cook NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 23 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 24 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 219 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 220 1 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 220 2 1990 1990 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 220 3 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 220 4 Schroer Schroer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 220 5 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 220 6 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 220 7 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 220 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 220 9 1998 1998 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 220 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 220 11 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 1 Clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 2 features feature NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 4 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 5 derangement derangement NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 7 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 8 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 9 include include VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 10 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 11 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 13 motor motor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 14 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 16 seizure seizure NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 17 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 19 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 20 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 21 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 22 communication communication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 24 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 25 some some DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 26 but but CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 27 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 28 all all DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 29 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 30 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 31 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 32 attentiondeficit attentiondeficit NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 33 hyperactivity hyperactivity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 34 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 36 ADHD ADHD NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 37 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 38 Cook Cook NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 39 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 40 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 41 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 42 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 43 1997 1997 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 44 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 45 Schroer Schroer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 46 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 47 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 48 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 49 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 50 1998 1998 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 221 52 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 2 duplication duplication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 4 15q11 15q11 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 5 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 6 13 13 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 7 seen see VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 8 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 9 some some DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 10 cases case NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 12 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 13 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 15 opposite opposite NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 17 deletions deletion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 18 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 20 same same JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 21 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 22 seen see VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 23 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 24 Angelman Angelman NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 25 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 26 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 28 if if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 29 inherited inherit VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 30 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 31 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 32 mother mother NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 34 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 35 Prader Prader NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 36 Willi Willi NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 37 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 39 if if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 40 inherited inherit VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 41 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 42 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 43 father father NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 222 45 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 1 Angelman Angelman NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 2 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 3 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 5 known know VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 6 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 8 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 9 happy happy JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 10 puppet puppet NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 11 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 12 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 14 involves involve VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 15 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 16 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 18 epilepsy epilepsy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 20 ataxia ataxia NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 22 lack lack NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 23 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 24 speech speech NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 26 predominant predominant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 27 laughing laugh VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 28 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 29 smiling smile VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 30 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 31 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 32 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 33 high high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 34 rate rate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 35 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 36 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 223 37 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 1 Prader Prader NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 2 Willi Willi NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 3 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 4 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 5 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 6 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 7 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 9 hyperphagia hyperphagia NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 10 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 11 only only RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 12 occasionally occasionally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 13 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 14 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 15 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 224 16 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 1 Presently presently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 3 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 4 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 5 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 6 research research NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 7 regarding regard VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 8 how how WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 9 duplications duplication NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 10 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 11 deletions deletion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 12 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 13 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 14 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 15 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 16 lead lead VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 17 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 18 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 19 increased increase VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 20 risk risk NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 21 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 22 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 24 Veenstra Veenstra NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 25 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 26 VanderWeele VanderWeele NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 27 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 28 Cook Cook NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 29 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 30 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 225 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 2 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 4 however however RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 6 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 7 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 8 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 9 identified identify VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 10 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 11 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 12 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 13 interest interest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 14 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 15 whole whole JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 16 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 17 searches search NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 19 perhaps perhaps RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 20 due due IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 21 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 23 rarity rarity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 25 Pennington Pennington NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 26 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 27 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 226 29 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 1 Still still RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 3 FISH fish NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 4 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 6 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 7 15q11 15q11 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 8 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 9 13 13 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 10 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 11 often often RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 12 performed perform VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 13 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 14 evaluation evaluation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 15 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 16 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 17 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 18 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 227 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 1 Recently recently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 3 FISH FISH NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 4 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 5 being be VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 6 replaced replace VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 7 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 8 CGH CGH NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 9 due due JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 10 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 11 improved improve VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 12 detection detection NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 14 abnormality abnormality NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 15 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 16 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 17 15q11 15q11 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 18 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 19 13 13 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 20 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 228 21 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 1 Cytogenetic cytogenetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 2 approaches approach NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 3 provided provide VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 5 first first JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 6 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 7 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 8 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 9 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 10 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 11 40 40 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 12 years year NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 13 ago ago RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 14 when when WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 15 Lubs Lubs NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 17 1969 1969 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 19 identified identify VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 20 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 21 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 22 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 23 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 24 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 25 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 26 site site NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 27 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 28 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 29 long long JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 30 arm arm NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 31 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 32 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 33 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 34 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 35 four four CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 36 males male NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 37 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 38 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 39 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 40 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 41 leading lead VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 42 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 43 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 44 recognition recognition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 45 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 46 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 47 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 48 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 50 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 229 52 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 2 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 4 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 5 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 6 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 7 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 9 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 10 features feature NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 12 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 13 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 14 severely severely RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 15 expressed express VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 16 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 17 males male NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 230 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 1 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 3 caused cause VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 4 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 6 deficiency deficiency NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 9 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 10 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 11 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 12 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 13 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 15 FMRP FMRP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 18 resulting result VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 19 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 20 little little JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 21 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 22 none none NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 23 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 24 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 25 disease disease NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 26 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 27 fragile fragile NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 28 X x CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 29 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 30 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 231 31 1 1 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 232 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 232 2 FMR1 FMR1 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 232 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 233 1 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 233 2 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 2 FMR1 FMR1 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 3 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 4 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 5 consisting consist VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 7 expanded expand VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 8 CGG CGG NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 9 repeats repeat VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 11 > > $ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 12 200 200 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 13 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 14 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 234 15 site site NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 235 1 Xq27.3 Xq27.3 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 235 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 235 3 considered consider VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 235 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 235 5 origin origin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 235 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 235 7 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 235 8 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 1 Autism Autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 3 using use VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 5 broad broad JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 6 definition definition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 8 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 9 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 10 reported report VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 11 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 12 up up IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 13 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 14 30 30 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 15 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 17 males male NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 18 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 19 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 21 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 22 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 23 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 24 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 25 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 26 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 27 as as RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 28 many many JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 29 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 30 7 7 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 31 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 32 8 8 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 33 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 34 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 35 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 36 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 37 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 39 Muhle Muhle NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 40 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 41 Trentacoste Trentacoste NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 42 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 43 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 44 Rapin Rapin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 45 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 46 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 236 48 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 1 Later later JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 2 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 4 using use VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 5 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 6 measures measure NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 9 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 10 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 11 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 12 rather rather RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 13 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 14 cytogenetics cytogenetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 15 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 16 strict strict JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 17 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 18 criteria criterion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 20 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 21 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 22 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 23 smaller small JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 24 association association NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 25 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 26 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 27 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 28 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 30 Pennington Pennington NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 31 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 32 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 237 34 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 1 Two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 2 investigations investigation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 4 however however RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 6 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 7 studied study VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 8 carefully carefully RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 9 controlled control VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 10 groups group NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 12 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 13 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 14 negative negative JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 15 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 16 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 17 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 18 positive positive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 19 males male NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 20 matched match VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 21 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 22 intelligence intelligence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 24 found find VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 25 higher high JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 26 rates rate NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 27 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 28 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 29 following follow VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 30 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 31 symptoms symptom NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 32 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 33 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 34 males male NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 35 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 36 gaze gaze NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 37 avoidance avoidance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 38 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 39 hand hand NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 40 flapping flapping NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 42 Einfeld Einfeld NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 43 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 44 Molony Molony NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 45 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 46 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 47 Hall Hall NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 48 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 49 1989 1989 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 51 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 52 stereotypic stereotypic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 53 movements movement NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 55 including include VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 56 hand hand NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 57 flapping flapping NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 58 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 59 rocking rock VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 60 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 61 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 62 hitting hit VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 63 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 64 scratching scratch VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 65 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 66 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 67 rubbing rub VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 68 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 69 own own JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 70 bodies body NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 71 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 72 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 73 echolalia echolalia NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 74 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 75 gaze gaze NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 76 avoidance avoidance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 77 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 78 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 79 ritualistic ritualistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 80 behaviors behavior NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 81 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 82 Maes Maes NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 83 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 84 Fryns Fryns NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 85 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 86 Van Van NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 87 Walleghem Walleghem NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 88 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 89 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 90 Van Van NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 91 den den NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 92 Berghe Berghe NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 93 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 94 1993 1993 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 95 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 238 96 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 1 Studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 2 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 3 endophenotype endophenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 4 behaviors behavior NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 5 rather rather RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 6 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 8 strict strict JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 9 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 10 criteria criterion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 11 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 12 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 13 likely likely JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 14 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 15 uncover uncover VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 16 robust robust JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 17 similarities similarity NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 18 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 19 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 21 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 239 22 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 1 Exploring explore VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 2 similarities similarity NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 3 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 4 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 5 sub sub NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 6 - - NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 7 groups group NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 9 patients patient NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 10 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 11 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 12 known know VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 13 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 14 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 15 those those DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 16 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 17 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 18 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 19 common common JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 20 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 22 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 24 provides provide VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 25 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 26 window window NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 27 into into IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 28 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 29 shared share VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 30 biology biology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 31 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 32 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 33 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 240 34 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 1 FMRP FMRP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 2 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 3 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 4 shown show VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 5 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 6 interact interact VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 7 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 8 multiple multiple JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 9 transcripts transcript NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 11 repressing repress VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 12 metabotropic metabotropic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 13 glutamate glutamate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 14 receptor-5 receptor-5 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 241 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 1 mGluR mGluR NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 2 5 5 LS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 4 signaling signal VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 5 activity activity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 6 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 7 regulates regulate VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 8 long long JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 9 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 10 term term NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 11 depression depression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 13 LTD LTD NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 15 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 16 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 17 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 18 elimination elimination NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 242 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 1 Without without IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 2 FMRP FMRP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 3 acting act VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 4 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 6 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 7 brake brake NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 9 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 10 mGluR mGluR NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 11 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 12 LTD LTD NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 13 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 14 enhanced enhance VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 16 Bear Bear NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 18 Huber Huber NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 20 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 21 Warren Warren NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 23 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 243 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 2 favors favor VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 3 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 4 anabolic anabolic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 5 state state NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 6 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 7 could could MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 8 contribute contribute VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 9 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 11 key key JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 12 features feature NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 14 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 15 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 16 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 17 epilepsy epilepsy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 19 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 20 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 22 loss loss NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 23 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 24 motor motor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 25 coordination coordination NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 26 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 27 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 28 increased increase VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 29 density density NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 30 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 31 thin thin JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 32 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 33 long long JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 34 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 35 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 36 spines spine NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 37 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 38 neurons neuron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 40 Bear Bear NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 41 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 42 2005 2005 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 244 44 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 1 These these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 2 observations observation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 3 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 4 invited invite VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 5 drug drug NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 6 trials trial NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 8 glutamate glutamate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 9 receptor receptor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 10 antagonists antagonist NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 11 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 12 reduce reduce VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 13 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 14 expression expression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 15 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 16 mGluR mglur NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 245 17 5 5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 2 Dolen Dolen NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 3 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 4 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 5 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 7 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 10 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 11 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 12 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 13 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 14 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 15 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 16 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 17 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 246 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 1 Other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 2 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 3 contributing contribute VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 4 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 5 medical medical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 6 conditions condition NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 7 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 8 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 9 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 10 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 11 disease disease NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 12 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 13 under under IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 14 investigation investigation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 15 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 16 determine determine VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 17 if if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 20 too too RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 22 share share VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 23 biology biology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 24 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 25 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 26 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 27 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 247 28 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 2 discovery discovery NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 4 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 5 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 6 ataxia ataxia NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 7 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 9 FXTAS FXTAS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 11 provides provide VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 12 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 13 precedent precedent NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 14 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 15 study study VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 16 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 17 relationship relationship NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 18 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 19 developmental developmental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 20 conditions condition NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 21 across across IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 22 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 23 life life NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 24 span span VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 25 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 26 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 27 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 28 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 248 29 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 1 FXTAS FXTAS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 3 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 4 adult adult NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 5 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 6 onset onset NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 7 ataxia ataxia NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 8 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 9 dementia dementia NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 10 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 11 found find VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 12 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 13 older old JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 14 family family NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 15 members member NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 17 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 18 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 19 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 21 Hagerman Hagerman NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 23 2002 2002 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 249 24 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 250 1 Hagerman Hagerman NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 250 2 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 250 3 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 250 4 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 250 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 250 6 2001 2001 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 250 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 250 8 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 2 contrast contrast NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 3 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 4 what what WP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 5 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 6 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 7 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 8 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 10 FXTAS FXTAS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 11 occurs occur VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 12 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 13 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 14 rise rise NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 251 15 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 1 FMR1 FMR1 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 2 mRNA mrna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 3 level level NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 5 Hagerman Hagerman NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 7 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 10 fewer few JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 11 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 12 200 200 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 13 repeats repeat NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 15 Basehore Basehore NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 16 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 17 Friez Friez NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 19 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 22 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 23 hypomethylation hypomethylation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 25 Berry Berry NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 26 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 27 Kravis Kravis NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 28 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 29 Potanas Potanas NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 30 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 31 Weinberg Weinberg NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 32 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 33 Zhou Zhou NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 34 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 35 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 36 Goetz Goetz NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 37 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 38 2005 2005 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 40 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 41 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 42 FMR1 FMR1 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 43 CGG CGG NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 44 section section NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 45 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 46 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 47 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 48 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 252 49 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 2 association association NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 4 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 5 clinically clinically RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 6 divergent divergent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 7 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 9 regulated regulate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 10 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 12 same same JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 13 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 14 produced produce VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 15 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 16 different different JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 17 doses dose NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 19 sets set VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 20 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 21 stage stage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 22 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 23 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 24 investigation investigation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 25 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 26 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 27 shared share VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 28 biology biology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 29 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 30 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 31 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 32 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 33 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 34 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 35 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 36 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 37 related relate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 38 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 39 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 40 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 41 disease disease NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 42 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 43 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 44 amyloid amyloid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 45 precursor precursor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 46 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 48 APP app NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 253 50 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 1 APP APP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 3 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 4 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 5 encoded encode VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 6 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 8 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 9 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 10 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 11 21 21 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 13 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 14 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 15 large large JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 17 695 695 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 18 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 19 770 770 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 20 amino amino NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 21 acid acid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 23 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 24 produced produce VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 25 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 26 several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 27 central central JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 28 nervous nervous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 29 system system NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 31 CNS CNS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 33 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 34 types type NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 35 including include VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 36 microglia microglia NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 37 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 38 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 39 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 40 oligodendrocytes oligodendrocyte NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 41 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 42 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 43 neurons neuron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 254 44 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 1 After after IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 2 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 3 processing processing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 5 mature mature JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 6 APP app NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 7 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 8 axonally axonally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 9 transported transport VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 10 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 11 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 12 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 13 released release VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 14 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 15 axon axon NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 16 terminals terminal NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 17 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 18 response response NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 19 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 20 electrical electrical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 21 activity activity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 255 22 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 1 APP APP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 3 believed believe VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 4 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 5 play play VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 6 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 7 important important JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 8 role role NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 10 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 11 maturation maturation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 13 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 14 synaptogenesis synaptogenesis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 15 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 16 reviewed review VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 17 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 18 Lahiri Lahiri NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 20 Farlow Farlow NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 22 Greig Greig NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 24 Giacobini Giacobini NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 26 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 27 Schneider Schneider NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 29 2003 2003 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 256 31 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 1 APP app NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 4 great great JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 5 interest interest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 6 because because IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 7 processing process VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 8 products product NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 10 APP app NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 11 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 12 include include VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 13 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 14 insoluble insoluble JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 15 40 40 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 16 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 17 42-amino 42-amino CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 18 acid acid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 19 amyloid amyloid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 20 β β NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 21 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 22 peptide peptide NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 24 Aβ-40 Aβ-40 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 25 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 26 Aβ-42 Aβ-42 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 27 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 28 respectively respectively RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 30 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 31 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 32 principal principal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 33 component component NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 34 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 35 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 36 cerebral cerebral JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 37 plaques plaque NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 38 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 39 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 40 memory memory NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 41 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 42 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 43 decline decline NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 44 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 45 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 46 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 47 disease disease NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 49 Alley Alley NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 50 et et FW cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 51 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 52 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 53 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 54 2010 2010 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 257 56 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 1 Recent recent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 2 research research NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 3 linking link VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 4 APP app NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 5 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 6 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 7 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 8 how how WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 9 association association NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 10 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 11 enable enable VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 13 generation generation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 14 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 15 new new JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 16 hypotheses hypothesis NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 17 about about IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 18 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 19 biology biology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 20 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 21 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 22 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 23 ultimately ultimately RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 24 advance advance VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 25 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 26 understanding understanding NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 27 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 28 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 29 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 258 30 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 1 Recently recently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 4 found find VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 5 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 6 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 7 support support VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 8 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 9 association association NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 10 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 11 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 13 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 14 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 16 APP app NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 17 pathways pathway NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 18 established establish VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 19 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 20 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 21 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 22 disease disease NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 259 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 2 contrast contrast NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 3 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 5 upregulation upregulation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 8 amyloidogenic amyloidogenic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 9 pathway pathway NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 10 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 11 seen see VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 12 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 13 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 14 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 15 disease disease NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 18 found find VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 19 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 20 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 21 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 22 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 23 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 24 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 25 upregulation upregulation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 26 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 27 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 28 nonamyloidogenic nonamyloidogenic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 30 α α NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 31 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 32 secretase secretase NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 33 amyloid amyloid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 34 precursor precursor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 35 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 36 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 37 sAPPα sAPPα NFP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 39 pathway pathway NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 40 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 41 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 42 small small JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 43 sample sample NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 44 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 45 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 46 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 47 severe severe JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 48 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 49 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 50 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 51 self self NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 52 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 53 injurious injurious JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 54 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 55 aggressive aggressive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 56 behavior behavior NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 260 57 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 1 That that RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 2 is is RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 4 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 5 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 6 severe severe JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 7 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 8 expressed express VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 9 total total NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 10 sAPP sapp JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 12 representing represent VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 13 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 14 combined combine VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 15 amyloidogenic amyloidogenic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 16 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 17 nonamyloidogenic nonamyloidogenic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 18 pathways pathway NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 20 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 21 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 22 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 23 more more JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 24 times time NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 25 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 26 levels level NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 27 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 28 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 29 without without IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 30 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 31 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 32 up up IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 33 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 34 four four CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 35 times time NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 36 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 37 levels level NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 38 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 39 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 40 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 41 mild mild JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 42 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 44 Sokol Sokol NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 45 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 46 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 47 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 48 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 49 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 261 51 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 1 Overall overall RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 3 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 4 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 6 trend trend NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 7 toward toward IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 8 higher high JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 9 sAPPα sAPPα NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 10 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 12 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 13 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 14 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 262 15 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 263 1 One one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 263 2 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 263 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 263 4 severely severely RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 263 5 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 263 6 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 263 7 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 263 8 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 263 9 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 263 10 had have VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 263 11 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 263 12 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 1 High high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 2 levels level NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 4 sAPPα sAPPα NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 5 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 6 also also RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 7 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 8 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 10 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 11 sample sample NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 12 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 13 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 14 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 15 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 16 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 17 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 18 independent independent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 19 laboratory laboratory NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 21 Bailey Bailey NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 22 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 23 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 24 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 26 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 264 28 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 1 High high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 2 levels level NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 4 sAPPα sAPPα NNPS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 5 imply imply VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 6 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 7 increased increased JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 8 α α NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 9 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 10 secretase secretase NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 11 pathway pathway NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 12 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 13 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 15 anabolic anabolic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 18 opposite opposite JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 19 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 20 what what WP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 21 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 22 seen see VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 23 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 24 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 25 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 26 disease disease NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 265 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 2 would would MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 3 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 5 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 7 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 8 overgrowth overgrowth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 9 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 10 attributed attribute VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 11 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 12 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 14 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 15 contrast contrast NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 16 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 17 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 18 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 19 atrophy atrophy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 20 seen see VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 21 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 22 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 23 deposition deposition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 24 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 25 amyloid amyloid JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 26 plaque plaque NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 27 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 28 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 29 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 30 disease disease NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 266 31 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 1 Coincidentally coincidentally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 3 via via IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 4 animal animal NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 5 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 7 Westmark Westmark NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 9 Malter Malter NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 11 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 13 concluded conclude VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 14 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 15 FMRP FMRP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 16 binds bind VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 17 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 18 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 19 regulates regulate VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 20 translation translation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 21 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 22 APP app NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 23 mRNA mrna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 24 through through IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 25 mGLuR mGLuR NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 26 5 5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 27 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 28 providing provide VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 29 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 30 potential potential JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 31 link link NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 32 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 33 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 34 proteins protein NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 35 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 36 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 37 AD ad NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 38 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 39 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 267 40 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 1 By by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 2 way way NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 4 mGluR mGluR NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 5 5 5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 7 FMRP FMRP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 8 provides provide VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 10 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 11 brake brake NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 13 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 14 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 15 if if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 16 unchecked unchecked JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 17 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 18 conditions condition NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 19 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 20 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 21 FXS FXS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 22 would would MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 23 favor favor VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 24 high high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 25 levels level NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 26 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 27 APP app NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 268 28 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 1 Further further RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 3 high high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 4 levels level NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 6 APP app NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 7 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 8 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 9 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 11 another another DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 12 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 14 FMR1 FMR1 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 15 knockout knockout NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 269 16 mice mouse NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 270 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 270 2 D'Agata D'Agata NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 270 3 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 270 4 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 270 5 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 270 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 270 7 2002 2002 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 270 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 270 9 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 1 These these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 2 findings finding NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 3 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 4 led lead VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 5 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 6 enticing enticing JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 7 speculation speculation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 8 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 10 APP app NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 11 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 12 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 13 influence influence VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 14 several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 15 neurodevelopmental neurodevelopmental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 16 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 17 across across IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 18 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 19 life life NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 20 span span NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 271 21 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 1 Both both DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 2 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 3 inversions inversion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 4 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 5 translocations translocation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 6 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 7 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 8 reported report VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 9 near near IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 10 7q31 7q31 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 11 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 12 boys boy NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 13 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 14 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 272 15 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 1 One one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 2 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 3 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 4 translocation translocation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 5 breakpoints breakpoint NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 6 identified identify VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 8 deranged deranged JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 9 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 10 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 11 RAY1 RAY1 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 12 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 13 ST7 ST7 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 15 FAM4A1 FAM4A1 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 18 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 19 putative putative JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 20 tumor tumor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 21 suppressor suppressor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 22 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 24 Vincent Vincent NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 25 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 26 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 27 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 28 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 29 2002 2002 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 31 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 32 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 33 work work VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 34 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 35 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 36 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 37 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 38 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 273 39 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 1 Mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 2 leading lead VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 3 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 4 amino amino NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 5 acid acid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 6 changes change NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 7 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 8 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 9 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 10 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 12 WNT2 WNT2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 13 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 14 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 15 7q31 7q31 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 16 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 17 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 18 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 19 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 20 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 22 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 23 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 24 affected affected JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 25 parent parent NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 26 transmitting transmit VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 27 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 28 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 29 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 30 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 31 affected affect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 32 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 34 Li Li NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 35 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 36 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 37 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 38 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 39 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 40 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 41 Wassink Wassink NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 42 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 43 Brzustowicz Brzustowicz NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 44 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 45 Bartlett Bartlett NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 46 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 47 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 48 Szatmari Szatmari NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 49 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 50 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 274 52 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 2 FOXP2 foxp2 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 3 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 4 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 5 7q31 7q31 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 6 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 7 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 8 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 9 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 10 disrupted disrupt VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 11 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 12 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 13 family family NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 14 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 15 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 16 autosomal autosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 17 dominant dominant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 18 form form NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 19 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 20 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 21 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 22 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 24 SLI SLI NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 275 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 2 Lai Lai NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 4 Fisher Fisher NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 6 Hurst Hurst NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 8 Vargha Vargha NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 9 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 10 Khadem Khadem NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 12 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 13 Monaco Monaco NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 15 2001 2001 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 18 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 19 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 20 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 21 replicated replicate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 22 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 23 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 24 larger large JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 25 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 26 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 27 SLI SLI NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 29 O'Brien O'Brien NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 30 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 31 Zhang Zhang NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 32 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 33 Nishimura Nishimura NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 34 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 35 Tomblin Tomblin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 36 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 37 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 38 Murray Murray NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 39 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 40 2003 2003 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 42 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 43 although although IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 44 initial initial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 45 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 46 failed fail VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 47 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 48 associate associate VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 49 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 50 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 51 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 53 Newbury Newbury NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 54 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 55 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 56 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 57 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 58 2002 2002 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 59 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 60 Wassink Wassink NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 61 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 62 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 63 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 64 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 65 2001 2001 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 276 67 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 1 Recently recently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 3 FOXP2 FOXP2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 4 differences difference NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 5 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 6 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 7 expression expression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 8 were be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 9 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 10 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 11 chimp chimp NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 13 human human JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 14 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 15 cultures culture NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 277 16 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 1 Compared compare VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 2 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 3 chimps chimp NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 5 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 6 human human JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 7 culture culture NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 10 FOXP2 foxp2 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 11 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 12 affected affect VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 13 transcription transcription NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 14 upregulation upregulation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 15 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 16 61 61 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 17 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 18 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 19 downregulation downregulation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 20 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 21 55 55 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 22 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 278 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 1 Further further RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 4 FOXP2 foxp2 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 5 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 6 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 7 shown show VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 8 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 9 regulate regulate VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 10 downstream downstream JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 11 effects effect NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 12 involving involve VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 13 cerebellar cerebellar JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 14 motor motor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 15 function function NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 17 craniofacial craniofacial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 18 formation formation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 21 cartilage cartilage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 22 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 23 connective connective JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 24 tissue tissue NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 25 formation formation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 26 required require VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 27 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 28 expressive expressive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 29 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 279 30 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 1 As as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 2 discussed discuss VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 3 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 4 section section NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 5 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 6 Endophenotype Endophenotype NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 8 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 9 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 10 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 11 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 12 suspected suspect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 13 association association NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 14 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 16 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 17 7q 7q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 18 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 19 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 20 speech speech NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 21 abnormality abnormality NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 22 seen see VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 23 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 24 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 280 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 281 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 281 2 RELN RELN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 281 3 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 281 4 maps map NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 281 5 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 281 6 chromosome chromosome VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 281 7 7q22 7q22 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 281 8 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 2 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 3 encodes encode VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 4 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 5 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 6 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 7 controls control VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 8 intercellular intercellular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 9 interactions interaction NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 10 involved involve VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 11 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 12 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 13 migration migration NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 14 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 15 positioning positioning NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 16 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 17 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 18 development development NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 282 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 2 large large JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 3 polymorphic polymorphic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 4 trinucleotide trinucleotide NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 5 repeat repeat NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 8 5 5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 9 -YTR -ytr NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 12 RELN RELN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 13 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 14 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 15 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 16 implicated implicate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 17 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 18 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 19 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 20 several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 21 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 23 Ashley Ashley NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 24 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 25 Koch Koch NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 26 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 27 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 28 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 29 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 30 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 31 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 32 Persico Persico NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 33 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 34 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 283 35 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 284 1 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 284 2 2002 2002 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 284 3 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 284 4 Zhang Zhang NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 284 5 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 284 6 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 284 7 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 284 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 284 9 2002 2002 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 284 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 284 11 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 1 Further further JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 2 support support NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 3 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 4 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 5 candidate candidate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 6 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 7 comes come VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 8 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 10 RELN RELN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 11 mouse mouse NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 12 model model NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 13 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 14 carries carry VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 15 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 16 large large JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 17 deletion deletion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 18 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 19 RELN RELN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 21 shows show VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 22 atypical atypical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 23 cortical cortical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 24 organization organization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 25 similar similar JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 26 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 27 cytoarchitectural cytoarchitectural JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 28 pathological pathological JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 29 anomalies anomaly NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 30 reported report VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 31 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 32 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 33 brains brain NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 34 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 35 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 36 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 37 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 39 Bailey Bailey NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 40 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 41 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 42 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 43 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 44 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 285 46 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 286 1 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 286 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 286 3 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 286 4 tumor tumor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 286 5 suppressor suppressor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 286 6 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 286 7 located locate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 286 8 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 286 9 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 286 10 10q23 10q23 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 286 11 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 2 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 3 influences influence VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 5 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 6 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 7 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 8 arrest arrest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 9 cycle cycle NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 10 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 11 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 12 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 13 programmed program VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 14 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 15 death death NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 17 Lintas Lintas NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 18 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 19 Persico Persico NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 21 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 287 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 1 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 2 inactivation inactivation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 3 causes cause VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 4 excessive excessive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 5 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 7 dendrites dendrite NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 9 axons axon NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 11 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 12 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 13 increased increase VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 14 number number NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 15 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 16 synapses synapsis NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 18 Kwon Kwon NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 19 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 20 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 21 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 23 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 288 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 1 Mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 2 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 3 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 4 cause cause VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 5 Cowden Cowden NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 6 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 7 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 9 macrocephaly macrocephaly NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 11 hamartomas hamartomas NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 13 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 14 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 289 16 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 2 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 3 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 4 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 6 interest interest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 7 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 8 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 9 researchers researcher NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 10 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 11 macrocephaly macrocephaly NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 12 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 13 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 14 considered consider VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 15 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 16 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 17 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 18 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 20 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 21 most most RBS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 22 widely widely RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 23 replicated replicate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 24 biological biological JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 25 findings finding NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 26 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 27 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 28 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 29 affecting affect VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 30 up up IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 31 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 32 20 20 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 33 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 34 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 35 all all DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 36 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 37 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 38 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 39 condition condition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 41 McCaffery McCaffery NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 42 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 43 Deutsch Deutsch NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 44 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 45 2005 2005 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 290 47 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 291 1 Butler Butler NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 291 2 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 291 3 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 291 4 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 2 2005 2005 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 4 examined examine VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 6 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 7 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 8 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 9 18 18 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 10 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 11 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 12 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 13 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 14 macrocephaly macrocephaly NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 292 15 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 293 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 293 2 discovered discover VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 293 3 three three CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 293 4 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 293 5 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 293 6 missense missense NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 293 7 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 293 8 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 1 Others other NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 2 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 3 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 4 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 5 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 7 macrocephalic macrocephalic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 8 patients patient NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 9 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 10 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 12 Herman Herman NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 13 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 14 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 294 15 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 295 1 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 295 2 2007a 2007a CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 296 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 296 2 Herman Herman NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 296 3 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 296 4 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 296 5 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 297 1 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 297 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 297 3 2007b 2007b CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 297 4 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 1 Cytogenic Cytogenic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 2 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 3 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 4 included include VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 5 deletions deletion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 6 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 7 duplications duplication NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 8 involving involve VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 9 2q37 2q37 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 11 22 22 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 12 q13 q13 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 14 22q11 22q11 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 16 17p11 17p11 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 18 16p11.2,18q 16p11.2,18q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 20 Xp Xp NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 22 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 23 sex sex NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 24 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 25 aneuploidies aneuploidy NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 27 47 47 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 28 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 29 XYY XYY NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 30 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 31 45 45 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 32 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 33 X/46 X/46 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 34 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 35 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 36 XY XY NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 37 mosaicism mosaicism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 298 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 299 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 299 2 Costa Costa NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 299 3 e e NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 299 4 Silva Silva NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 299 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 299 6 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 299 7 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 299 8 Sykes Sykes NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 299 9 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 299 10 Lamb Lamb NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 299 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 299 12 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 299 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 299 14 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 1 These these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 3 findings finding NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 4 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 5 generated generate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 6 interest interest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 7 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 8 testing test VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 10 association association NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 12 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 13 number number NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 14 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 15 candidate candidate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 16 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 17 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 18 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 19 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 20 via via IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 21 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 22 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 23 animal animal NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 24 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 300 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 1 Accumulating accumulate VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 2 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 3 points point NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 4 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 6 involvement involvement NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 8 three three CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 9 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 11 neuroligin neuroligin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 13 SHANK3 SHANK3 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 15 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 16 neurexin neurexin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 18 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 20 synapse synapse NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 21 formation formation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 22 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 23 glutamate glutamate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 24 neurons neuron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 301 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 1 Glutamate glutamate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 3 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 4 excitatory excitatory JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 5 neurotransmitter neurotransmitter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 6 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 7 aberrant aberrant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 8 glutamate glutamate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 9 function function NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 10 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 11 long long RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 12 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 13 suspected suspect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 14 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 15 contribute contribute VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 16 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 17 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 302 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 303 1 Neuroligins neuroligin NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 303 2 induce induce VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 303 3 presynaptic presynaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 303 4 differentiation differentiation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 303 5 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 303 6 glutamate glutamate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 303 7 axons axon NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 303 8 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 1 SHANK3 SHANK3 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 2 encodes encode VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 3 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 4 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 5 postsynaptic postsynaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 6 scaffolding scaffolding NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 7 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 8 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 9 regulates regulate VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 11 structural structural JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 12 organization organization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 14 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 15 spines spine NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 16 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 17 neurons neuron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 304 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 305 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 305 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 305 3 SHANK3 SHANK3 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 305 4 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 305 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 305 6 binding bind VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 305 7 partner partner NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 305 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 305 9 neuroligins neuroligin NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 305 10 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 306 1 Neurexin Neurexin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 306 2 induces induce VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 306 3 glutamate glutamate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 306 4 postsynaptic postsynaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 306 5 differentiation differentiation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 306 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 306 7 contacting contact VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 306 8 dendrites dendrite NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 306 9 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 307 1 Altogether altogether RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 307 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 307 3 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 307 4 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 307 5 appear appear VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 307 6 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 307 7 contribute contribute VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 307 8 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 307 9 glutamatergic glutamatergic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 307 10 synapse synapse NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 307 11 formation formation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 307 12 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 1 Neuronal neuronal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 2 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 3 adhesion adhesion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 4 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 5 important important JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 8 development development NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 11 nervous nervous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 12 system system NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 14 contributing contribute VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 15 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 16 axonal axonal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 17 guidance guidance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 19 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 20 formation formation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 21 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 22 plasticity plasticity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 24 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 25 neuronalglial neuronalglial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 26 interactions interaction NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 28 Glessner Glessner NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 29 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 30 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 31 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 32 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 33 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 34 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 35 Lien Lien NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 36 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 37 Klezovitch Klezovitch NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 38 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 39 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 40 Vasioukhin Vasioukhin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 41 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 42 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 308 44 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 309 1 Derangement derangement NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 309 2 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 309 3 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 309 4 adhesion adhesion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 309 5 could could MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 309 6 contribute contribute VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 309 7 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 309 8 migrational migrational JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 309 9 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 309 10 including include VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 309 11 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 309 12 overgrowth overgrowth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 309 13 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 310 1 Neuroligins neuroligin NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 310 2 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 310 3 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 310 4 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 310 5 adhesion adhesion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 310 6 molecules molecule NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 310 7 localized localize VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 310 8 postsynaptically postsynaptically RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 310 9 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 310 10 both both CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 310 11 glutamatergic glutamatergic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 311 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 311 2 NLGN1 NLGN1 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 311 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 311 4 NLGN3 NLGN3 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 311 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 311 6 NLGN4 NLGN4 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 311 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 311 8 NLGN4Y NLGN4Y NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 311 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 311 10 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 311 11 γ γ NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 311 12 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 311 13 aminobutyric aminobutyric NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 312 1 acidergic acidergic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 312 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 312 3 NLGN2 nlgn2 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 312 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 312 5 synapses synapsis NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 312 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 312 7 Lintas Lintas NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 312 8 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 312 9 Persico Persico NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 312 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 312 11 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 312 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 312 13 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 313 1 Neuroligins neuroligin NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 313 2 trigger trigger VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 313 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 313 4 formation formation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 313 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 313 6 functional functional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 313 7 presynaptic presynaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 313 8 structures structure NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 313 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 313 10 contacting contact VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 313 11 axons axon NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 313 12 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 1 As as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 2 mentioned mention VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 3 above above RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 6 interact interact VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 7 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 8 postsynaptic postsynaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 9 scaffolding scaffolding NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 10 proteins protein NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 11 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 12 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 13 SHANK3 SHANK3 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 15 see see VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 16 below below RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 314 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 2 NLGN3 nlgn3 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 3 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 4 NLGN4 nlgn4 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 5 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 6 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 7 located locate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 8 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 9 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 10 Xq13 Xq13 . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 11 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 12 Xq22 Xq22 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 14 33 33 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 16 respectively respectively RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 18 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 19 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 20 here here RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 21 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 22 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 23 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 24 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 25 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 26 Jamain Jamain NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 27 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 28 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 315 29 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 316 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 316 2 2003 2003 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 316 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 316 4 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 1 Extensive extensive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 3 screens screen NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 4 conducted conduct VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 5 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 6 several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 7 research research NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 8 groups group NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 9 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 10 confirmed confirm VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 12 low low JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 13 frequency frequency NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 14 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 15 neuroligin neuroligin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 16 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 17 among among IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 18 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 19 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 20 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 22 Lintas Lintas NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 23 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 24 Persico Persico NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 26 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 317 28 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 318 1 For for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 318 2 example example NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 318 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 318 4 Jamain Jamain NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 318 5 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 318 6 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 318 7 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 2 2003 2003 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 4 found find VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 6 frameshift frameshift NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 7 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 8 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 9 NLGN4 nlgn4 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 10 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 11 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 12 missense missense JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 13 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 14 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 15 NLGN3 NLGN3 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 16 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 17 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 18 unrelated unrelated JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 19 Swedish swedish JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 20 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 22 inherited inherit VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 23 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 24 unaffected unaffected JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 25 mothers mother NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 319 26 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 320 1 Laumonnier Laumonnier NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 320 2 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 320 3 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 320 4 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 2 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 4 reported report VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 6 frameshift frameshift NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 7 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 8 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 9 NLGN4 nlgn4 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 11 13 13 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 12 affected affected JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 13 male male JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 14 members member NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 15 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 16 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 17 single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 18 pedigree pedigree NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 321 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 1 Lawson Lawson NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 2 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 3 Yuen Yuen NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 5 Saldivar Saldivar NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 7 Sommer Sommer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 9 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 10 Picker Picker NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 12 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 14 found find VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 15 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 16 deletion deletion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 17 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 18 exons exon NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 19 4 4 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 20 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 21 6 6 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 22 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 23 NLGN4 nlgn4 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 24 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 25 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 26 boy boy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 27 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 28 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 29 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 30 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 31 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 32 brother brother NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 33 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 34 Tourette Tourette NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 35 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 36 whose whose WP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 37 mother mother NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 38 showed show VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 39 psychiatric psychiatric JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 40 problems problem NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 41 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 42 also also RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 43 carried carry VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 44 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 45 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 322 46 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 1 Neuroligin Neuroligin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 2 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 3 carriers carrier NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 5 however however RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 7 display display VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 9 variety variety NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 11 syndromes syndrome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 13 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 14 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 15 X X NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 16 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 17 linked link VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 18 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 19 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 20 without without IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 323 21 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 2 Laumonnier Laumonnier NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 3 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 4 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 5 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 7 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 10 Asperger Asperger NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 11 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 12 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 14 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 15 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 17 variable variable JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 18 severity severity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 21 PDD PDD NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 22 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 23 NOS NOS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 25 Yan Yan NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 26 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 27 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 28 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 29 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 30 2005 2005 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 324 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 325 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 325 2 symptoms symptom NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 325 3 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 325 4 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 325 5 slow slow JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 325 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 325 7 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 325 8 abrupt abrupt JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 325 9 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 325 10 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 325 11 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 325 12 regression regression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 325 13 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 1 Despite despite IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 2 intensive intensive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 3 investigation investigation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 6 low low JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 7 frequency frequency NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 9 neuroligin neuroligin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 10 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 11 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 13 lack lack NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 14 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 15 similar similar JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 16 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 17 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 18 led lead VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 19 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 20 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 21 recommendation recommendation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 22 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 23 neuroligins neuroligins NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 24 should should MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 25 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 26 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 27 included include VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 28 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 29 widespread widespread JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 30 screens screen NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 31 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 32 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 33 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 34 nonsyndromic nonsyndromic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 35 autism autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 37 Lintas Lintas NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 38 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 39 Persico Persico NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 40 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 41 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 326 43 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 2 SHANK3 shank3 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 3 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 4 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 5 located locate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 6 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 7 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 8 22q13.3 22q13.3 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 9 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 10 encodes encode VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 11 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 12 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 13 scaffolding scaffold VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 14 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 15 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 16 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 17 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 18 postsynaptic postsynaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 19 density density NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 20 complex complex NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 21 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 22 excitatory excitatory JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 23 synapses synapsis NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 24 binding bind VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 25 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 26 neuroligins neuroligin NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 327 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 1 Recently recently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 3 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 4 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 5 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 6 reported report VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 8 correlation correlation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 9 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 10 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 11 affecting affect VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 12 SHANK3 shank3 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 13 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 14 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 15 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 16 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 17 characterized characterize VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 18 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 19 severe severe JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 20 verbal verbal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 21 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 22 social social JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 23 deficits deficit NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 25 Durand Durand NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 26 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 27 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 28 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 29 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 30 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 31 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 32 Moessner Moessner NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 33 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 34 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 35 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 36 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 37 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 328 39 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 1 Of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 3 seven seven CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 4 patients patient NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 5 reported report VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 6 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 8 SHANK3 shank3 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 9 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 10 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 12 five five CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 13 were be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 14 deletions deletion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 16 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 17 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 18 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 19 missense missense NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 21 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 22 another another DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 23 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 24 frameshift frameshift NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 25 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 329 26 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 2 addition addition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 4 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 5 SHANK3 shank3 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 6 variations variation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 7 were be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 8 present present JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 11 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 12 group group NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 14 but but CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 15 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 16 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 17 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 18 control control NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 19 group group NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 330 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 1 These these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 2 variations variation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 3 were be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 4 inherited inherit VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 5 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 6 healthy healthy JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 7 parents parent NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 10 were be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 11 present present JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 12 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 13 unaffected unaffected JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 14 siblings sibling NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 16 perhaps perhaps RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 17 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 18 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 19 penetrance penetrance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 331 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 1 Another another DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 2 interesting interesting JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 3 observation observation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 4 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 5 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 7 both both DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 8 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 10 Durand Durand NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 11 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 12 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 13 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 15 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 16 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 17 Moessner Moessner NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 18 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 19 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 20 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 22 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 24 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 25 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 26 SHANK3 shank3 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 27 deletion deletion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 28 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 29 inherited inherit VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 30 via via IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 31 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 32 paternal paternal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 33 balanced balanced JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 34 translocation translocation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 332 35 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 1 Further further RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 3 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 4 both both DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 5 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 7 siblings sibling NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 10 probands proband NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 11 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 12 SHANK3 SHANK3 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 13 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 14 had have VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 15 partial partial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 16 22q13 22q13 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 17 trisomy trisomy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 18 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 19 resulted result VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 20 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 21 attention attention NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 22 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 23 deficit deficit NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 24 hyperactivity hyperactivity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 25 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 27 Moessner Moessner NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 28 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 29 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 30 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 31 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 32 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 34 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 35 Asperger Asperger NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 36 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 37 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 38 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 39 early early JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 40 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 41 development development NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 43 Durand Durand NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 44 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 45 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 46 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 47 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 48 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 333 50 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 334 1 Like like IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 334 2 neuroligins neuroligin NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 334 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 334 4 SHANK3 shank3 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 334 5 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 334 6 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 334 7 very very RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 334 8 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 334 9 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 1 However however RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 3 because because IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 4 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 6 robust robust JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 7 genotype genotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 8 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 9 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 10 correlation correlation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 11 reported report VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 12 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 13 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 14 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 16 Durand Durand NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 17 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 18 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 19 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 21 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 22 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 23 Moessner Moessner NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 24 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 25 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 26 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 27 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 28 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 30 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 31 it -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 32 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 33 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 34 recommended recommend VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 35 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 36 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 37 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 38 severe severe JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 39 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 40 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 41 social social JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 42 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 43 obtain obtain VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 44 SHANK3 shank3 JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 45 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 46 screening screening NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 48 Lintas Lintas NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 49 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 50 Persico Persico NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 51 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 52 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 335 54 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 336 1 Presynaptic presynaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 336 2 neurexins neurexin NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 336 3 influence influence VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 336 4 postsynaptic postsynaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 336 5 differentiation differentiation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 336 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 336 7 contacting contact VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 336 8 dendrites dendrite NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 336 9 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 336 10 interactions interaction NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 336 11 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 336 12 postsynaptic postsynaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 336 13 neuroligins neuroligin NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 336 14 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 1 Three three CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 2 neurexin neurexin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 3 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 5 NRXN1 nrxn1 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 7 NRXN2 nrxn2 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 9 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 10 NRXN3 NRXN3 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 12 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 13 located locate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 14 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 15 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 16 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 17 2q32 2q32 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 19 11q13 11q13 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 21 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 22 14q24.3-q31.1 14q24.3-q31.1 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 24 respectively respectively RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 337 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 338 1 Again again RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 338 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 338 3 neurexin neurexin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 338 4 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 338 5 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 338 6 very very RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 338 7 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 338 8 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 1 For for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 2 example example NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 4 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 5 missense missense NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 6 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 7 were be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 8 present present JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 10 4 4 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 12 264 264 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 14 1.5 1.5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 15 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 17 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 18 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 19 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 20 compared compare VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 21 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 22 none none NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 23 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 24 729 729 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 339 25 controls control NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 340 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 340 2 Feng Feng NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 340 3 et et FW cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 340 4 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 340 5 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 340 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 340 7 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 340 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 340 9 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 1 However however RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 3 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 4 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 5 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 7 missense missense NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 8 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 9 also also RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 10 occurred occur VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 11 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 12 first first JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 13 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 14 degree degree NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 15 relatives relative NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 16 who who WP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 17 displayed display VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 18 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 19 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 20 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 21 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 22 hyperactivity hyperactivity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 24 depression depression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 26 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 27 learning learning NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 28 problems problem NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 341 29 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 1 Incomplete incomplete JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 2 penetrance penetrance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 3 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 4 explain explain VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 5 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 6 findings finding NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 8 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 9 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 10 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 11 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 12 caused cause VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 13 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 14 neurexin neurexin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 15 acting act VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 16 synergistically synergistically RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 17 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 18 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 19 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 20 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 342 21 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 1 Neurexin-1α Neurexin-1α NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 3 being be VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 4 intensely intensely RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 5 studied study VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 7 mice mouse NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 8 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 9 deletion deletion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 11 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 12 molecule molecule NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 13 resulted result VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 14 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 15 increased increase VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 16 repetitive repetitive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 17 behavior behavior NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 19 whereas whereas IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 20 social social JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 21 behavior behavior NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 22 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 23 relatively relatively RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 343 24 intact intact JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 344 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 344 2 Etherton Etherton NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 344 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 344 4 Blaiss Blaiss NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 344 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 344 6 Powell Powell NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 344 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 344 8 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 344 9 Sudhof Sudhof NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 344 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 344 11 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 344 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 344 13 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 2 implies imply VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 3 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 4 animal animal NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 5 model model NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 6 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 8 discreet discreet JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 9 feature feature NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 11 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 12 behavior behavior NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 14 endotype endotype NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 17 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 18 discussed discuss VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 19 below below RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 345 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 346 1 Contactin Contactin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 346 2 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 346 3 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 346 4 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 346 5 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 346 6 like like JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 346 7 2 2 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 2 CNTNAP2 CNTNAP2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 4 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 6 member member NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 9 neurexin neurexin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 10 superfamily superfamily NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 11 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 12 involves involve VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 13 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 14 recessive recessive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 15 frameshift frameshift NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 16 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 17 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 18 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 19 7q35 7q35 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 347 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 3 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 4 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 6 largest large JJS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 7 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 10 human human JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 11 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 13 encodes encode VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 14 CASPR2 caspr2 PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 16 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 17 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 18 scaffolding scaffolding NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 19 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 348 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 1 CNTNAP2 CNTNAP2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 2 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 3 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 4 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 5 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 6 cortical cortical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 7 dysplasia dysplasia NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 8 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 9 focal focal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 10 epilepsy epilepsy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 11 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 12 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 13 Old Old NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 14 Order order NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 15 Amish amish JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 16 community community NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 18 Strauss Strauss NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 19 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 20 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 21 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 23 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 349 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 350 1 Autism Autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 350 2 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 350 3 present present JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 350 4 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 350 5 up up IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 350 6 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 350 7 67 67 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 350 8 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 350 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 350 10 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 350 11 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 350 12 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 2 recently recently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 3 reported report VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 4 CNTNAP2 CNTNAP2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 5 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 6 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 7 Amish amish JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 8 girl girl NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 9 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 10 epilepsy epilepsy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 11 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 12 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 13 who who WP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 14 also also RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 15 showed show VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 16 hepatosplenomegaly hepatosplenomegaly NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 18 Jackman Jackman NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 20 Horn Horn NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 22 Molleston Molleston NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 24 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 25 Sokol Sokol NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 26 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 27 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 351 29 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 1 CNTNAP2 CNTNAP2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 2 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 3 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 4 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 5 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 6 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 7 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 8 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 9 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 11 large large JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 12 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 14 non non JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 15 - - JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 16 Amish amish JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 17 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 19 Alarcon Alarcon NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 20 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 21 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 22 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 24 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 352 26 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 1 Further further RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 3 stage stage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 4 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 6 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 7 investigation investigation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 8 showed show VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 9 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 10 CNTNAP2 CNTNAP2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 11 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 12 expressed express VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 13 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 15 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 16 centers center NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 18 frontal frontal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 19 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 20 anterior anterior JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 21 temporal temporal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 22 lobes lobe NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 24 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 25 fetal fetal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 26 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 28 Alarcon Alarcon NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 29 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 30 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 31 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 32 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 33 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 353 35 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 2 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 3 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 4 recommended recommend VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 5 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 6 Amish amish JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 7 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 8 presenting present VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 9 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 10 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 11 should should MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 12 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 13 tested test VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 14 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 15 CNTNAP2 CNTNAP2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 16 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 17 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 19 Strauss Strauss NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 21 personal personal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 22 communication communication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 354 24 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 355 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 355 2 work work NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 355 3 again again RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 355 4 supports support VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 355 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 355 6 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 355 7 function function NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 355 8 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 355 9 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 355 10 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 355 11 7 7 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 355 12 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 356 1 Methyl methyl NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 356 2 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 356 3 CpG cpg NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 356 4 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 356 5 binding bind VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 356 6 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 356 7 2 2 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 2 MeCP2 mecp2 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 4 works work VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 5 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 6 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 7 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 8 repressor repressor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 9 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 10 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 11 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 12 promoting promote VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 13 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 14 involved involve VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 15 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 16 chromatin chromatin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 17 repression repression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 357 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 2 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 4 located locate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 5 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 6 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 7 Xq28 xq28 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 9 shows show VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 10 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 11 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 12 80 80 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 13 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 14 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 15 females female NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 16 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 17 Rett Rett NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 18 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 20 pervasive pervasive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 21 developmental developmental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 22 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 24 acquired acquire VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 25 microcephaly microcephaly NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 26 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 27 epilepsy epilepsy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 28 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 29 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 30 loss loss NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 31 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 32 hand hand NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 33 function function NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 358 35 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 2 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 3 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 4 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 5 studied study VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 7 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 8 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 9 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 11 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 12 MeCP2 mecp2 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 13 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 14 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 15 considered consider VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 16 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 17 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 18 rare rare JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 20 0.8 0.8 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 21 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 22 1.3 1.3 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 23 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 25 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 26 females female NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 27 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 28 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 359 29 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 3 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 4 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 5 Rett Rett NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 6 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 7 share share VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 8 some some DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 9 similarities similarity NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 10 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 12 phenotypic phenotypic NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 13 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 14 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 15 levels level NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 17 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 18 both both DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 19 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 20 were be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 21 proposed propose VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 22 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 23 result result VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 24 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 25 disruption disruption NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 26 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 27 postnatal postnatal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 28 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 29 experience experience NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 30 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 31 dependent dependent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 32 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 33 plasticity plasticity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 35 Zoghbi Zoghbi NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 36 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 37 2003 2003 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 360 39 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 1 Among among IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 3 Rett Rett NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 4 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 5 reported report VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 6 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 8 frameshift frameshift NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 9 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 11 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 12 nonsense nonsense NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 13 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 15 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 16 additional additional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 17 introns intron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 19 Lintas Lintas NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 20 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 21 Persico Persico NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 23 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 361 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 1 observe observe VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 2 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 3 MeCP2 mecp2 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 4 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 5 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 6 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 7 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 8 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 9 idiopathic idiopathic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 10 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 11 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 12 males male NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 13 so so IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 14 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 15 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 16 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 17 test test NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 18 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 19 recommended recommend VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 20 only only RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 21 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 22 females female NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 23 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 24 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 362 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 1 Linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 2 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 3 involve involve VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 4 determining determine VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 5 whether whether IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 7 transmission transmission NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 9 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 10 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 11 segment segment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 12 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 13 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 14 generation generation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 15 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 16 another another DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 17 coincides coincides NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 18 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 20 presence presence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 21 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 22 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 23 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 24 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 25 interest interest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 27 Gupta Gupta NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 28 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 29 State State NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 30 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 31 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 363 33 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 1 Linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 2 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 3 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 4 utilized utilize VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 5 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 6 Mendelian mendelian JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 7 inherited inherit VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 8 conditions condition NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 9 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 10 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 11 also also RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 12 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 13 used use VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 14 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 15 study study VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 16 complex complex JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 17 conditions condition NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 18 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 19 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 20 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 21 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 22 when when WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 23 Mendelian mendelian JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 24 inheritance inheritance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 25 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 26 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 27 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 28 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 29 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 30 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 31 no no DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 32 hypotheses hypothesis NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 33 regarding regard VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 34 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 35 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 36 nature nature NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 37 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 38 transmission transmission NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 364 39 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 1 Linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 2 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 3 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 4 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 5 grouped group VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 6 into into IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 7 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 8 types type NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 9 -the -the NFP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 10 conventional conventional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 11 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 12 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 13 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 14 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 15 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 17 interest interest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 18 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 19 affected affect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 20 sibling sibling NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 21 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 22 pairs pair NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 23 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 24 multiplex multiplex JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 25 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 26 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 27 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 28 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 29 recent recent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 30 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 31 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 32 wide wide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 33 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 34 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 35 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 36 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 37 every every DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 38 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 39 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 40 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 41 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 365 42 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 3 sib sib JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 4 - - JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 5 pair pair JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 6 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 7 method method NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 9 siblings sibling NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 10 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 11 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 12 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 13 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 14 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 15 determine determine VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 16 whether whether IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 18 share share VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 19 any any DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 20 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 21 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 22 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 23 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 24 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 25 frequently frequently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 26 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 27 would would MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 28 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 29 expected expect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 30 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 31 chance chance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 366 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 1 Genomic genomic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 2 wide wide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 3 association association NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 4 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 5 compare compare VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 7 risk risk NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 8 factors factor NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 11 form form NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 12 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 13 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 14 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 15 markers marker NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 16 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 17 cases case NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 18 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 19 controls control NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 367 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 1 These these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 2 markers marker NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 3 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 4 distributed distribute VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 5 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 7 entire entire JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 8 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 9 rather rather RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 10 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 11 limited limit VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 12 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 13 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 14 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 15 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 16 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 17 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 18 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 20 sib sib JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 21 - - JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 22 pair pair JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 23 method method NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 368 24 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 2 enables enable VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 3 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 4 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 5 unbiased unbiased JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 6 ascertainment ascertainment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 8 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 10 interest interest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 12 Losh Losh NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 13 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 14 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 15 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 17 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 369 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 1 Several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 2 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 3 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 4 wide wide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 5 scans scan NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 7 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 8 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 9 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 10 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 11 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 12 reported report VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 13 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 14 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 15 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 16 favor favor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 17 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 18 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 19 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 20 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 21 determined determine VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 22 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 23 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 24 majority majority NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 25 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 26 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 28 Gupta Gupta NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 29 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 30 State State NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 31 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 32 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 370 34 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 2 trouble trouble NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 3 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 4 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 5 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 6 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 7 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 9 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 10 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 11 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 12 reached reach VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 13 statistical statistical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 14 significance significance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 15 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 16 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 17 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 18 lack lack NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 19 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 20 replication replication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 21 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 22 many many JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 23 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 24 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 25 findings finding NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 371 26 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 1 Statistical statistical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 2 significance significance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 4 calculated calculate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 5 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 6 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 7 logarithm logarithm NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 10 odds odd NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 12 LOD LOD NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 14 score score NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 372 15 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 2 score score NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 3 represents represent VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 5 logarithm logarithm NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 8 likelihood likelihood NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 9 ratio ratio NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 11 observing observe VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 13 data datum NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 14 under under IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 15 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 16 model model NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 17 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 18 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 19 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 20 observing observe VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 21 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 22 data datum NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 23 under under IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 24 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 25 model model NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 26 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 27 free free JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 28 recombination recombination NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 30 no no DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 31 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 373 33 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 1 An an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 2 LOD lod NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 3 score score NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 4 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 5 3.5 3.5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 8 sib sib JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 9 - - JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 10 pair pair JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 11 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 12 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 13 considered consider VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 14 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 15 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 16 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 17 significant significant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 18 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 20 Lander Lander NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 21 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 22 Kruglyak Kruglyak NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 24 1995 1995 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 374 26 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 1 Suggestive suggestive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 2 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 4 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 5 LOD lod NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 6 score score NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 8 2.2 2.2 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 10 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 11 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 12 highly highly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 13 significant significant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 14 LOD lod NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 15 score score NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 16 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 17 5.4 5.4 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 375 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 1 For for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 2 replication replication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 3 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 6 replication replication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 7 threshold threshold NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 8 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 9 considered consider VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 10 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 11 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 12 1.4 1.4 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 14 Lander Lander NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 15 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 16 Kruglyak Kruglyak NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 18 1995 1995 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 376 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 1 By by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 2 chance chance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 4 one one PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 5 would would MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 6 expect expect VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 7 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 8 see see VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 9 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 10 suggestive suggestive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 11 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 12 peak peak NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 13 once once IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 14 every every DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 15 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 16 scan scan NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 17 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 18 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 19 significant significant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 20 peak peak NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 21 once once RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 22 every every DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 23 20 20 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 24 scans scan NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 26 Gupta Gupta NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 27 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 28 State State NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 29 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 30 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 377 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 1 Most Most JJS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 2 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 3 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 4 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 5 identified identify VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 6 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 7 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 8 reaching reach VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 10 level level NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 12 suggestive suggestive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 13 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 14 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 15 best well RBS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 17 Freitag Freitag NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 19 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 378 21 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 1 Despite despite IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 2 large large JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 3 increases increase NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 4 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 6 size size NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 8 patient patient JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 9 cohorts cohort NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 11 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 12 signals signal NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 13 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 14 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 15 increased increase VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 16 significantly significantly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 17 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 18 sample sample NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 19 size size NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 21 Abrahams Abrahams NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 22 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 23 Geschwind Geschwind NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 24 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 25 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 379 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 1 Only only RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 2 three three CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 3 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 5 2q 2q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 7 7q 7q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 9 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 10 17q11 17q11 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 11 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 12 17 17 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 14 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 15 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 16 replicated replicate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 17 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 18 nonsyndromic nonsyndromic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 19 autism autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 21 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 22 considered consider VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 23 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 24 have have VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 25 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 26 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 27 wide wide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 28 significance significance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 380 29 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 1 Genomic genomic NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 2 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 3 wide wide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 4 screens screen NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 5 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 6 engendered engender VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 7 great great JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 8 interest interest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 10 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 11 7q 7q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 12 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 13 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 14 peaks peak NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 15 involving involve VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 16 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 17 distinct distinct JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 18 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 19 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 20 7q21 7q21 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 21 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 22 22 22 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 23 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 24 7q32 7q32 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 25 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 26 36 36 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 28 International International NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 29 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 30 Genetic Genetic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 31 Study Study NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 32 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 33 Autism Autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 34 Consortium Consortium NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 35 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 36 IMGSAC IMGSAC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 37 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 38 1998 1998 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 39 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 40 Collaborative Collaborative NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 41 Linkage Linkage NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 42 Study Study NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 43 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 44 Autism Autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 45 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 46 2001 2001 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 381 48 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 1 As as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 2 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 3 7q 7q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 4 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 5 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 6 discussed discuss VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 7 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 8 section section NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 9 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 10 Cytogenetics cytogenetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 11 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 12 Rare Rare NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 13 Mutations Mutations NNPS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 15 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 16 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 382 17 2 2 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 1 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 2 then then RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 3 17q11 17q11 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 4 will will MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 5 follow follow VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 7 description description NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 9 how how WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 10 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 11 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 12 led lead VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 13 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 15 discovery discovery NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 17 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 18 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 19 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 20 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 21 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 22 syndromic syndromic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 23 form form NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 24 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 25 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 383 26 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 384 1 tuberous tuberous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 384 2 sclerosis sclerosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 384 3 complex complex NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 384 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 384 5 TSC TSC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 384 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 384 7 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 2 sibling sibling NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 3 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 4 pair pair NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 5 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 6 multiplex multiplex JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 7 family family NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 8 design design NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 9 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 10 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 11 used use VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 12 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 13 study study VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 14 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 15 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 16 many many JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 17 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 18 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 20 including include VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 21 those those DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 22 involved involve VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 23 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 24 TSC TSC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 25 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 26 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 27 genomewide genomewide NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 28 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 29 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 30 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 31 detected detect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 32 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 33 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 34 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 35 7q 7q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 36 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 37 2q 2q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 38 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 39 17q11 17q11 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 40 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 41 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 42 novel novel NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 43 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 385 44 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 1 Tuberous Tuberous NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 2 sclerosis sclerosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 3 complex complex NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 5 TSC TSC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 7 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 9 neurodevelopmental neurodevelopmental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 10 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 11 characterized characterize VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 12 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 13 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 14 delay delay NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 16 epilepsy epilepsy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 18 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 19 neurocutaneous neurocutaneous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 20 growths growth NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 21 including include VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 22 hamartomas hamartomas NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 24 i.e. i.e. FW cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 26 tubers tuber NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 28 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 29 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 30 central central JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 31 nervous nervous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 32 system system NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 33 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 34 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 35 organs organ NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 386 36 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 387 1 Up up IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 387 2 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 387 3 60 60 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 387 4 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 387 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 387 6 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 387 7 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 387 8 TSC TSC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 387 9 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 387 10 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 387 11 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 2 first first JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 3 suspicion suspicion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 4 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 6 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 7 abnormality abnormality NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 8 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 9 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 10 TSC TSC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 11 originated originate VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 12 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 13 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 14 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 15 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 17 26 26 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 18 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 19 markers marker NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 20 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 21 19 19 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 22 multigenerational multigenerational JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 23 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 24 affected affect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 25 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 26 TSC TSC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 28 Fryer Fryer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 29 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 30 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 31 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 32 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 33 1987 1987 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 388 35 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 2 eight eight CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 5 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 7 ABO ABO NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 8 blood blood NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 9 group group NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 10 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 11 mapped map VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 12 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 13 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 14 9q34.3 9q34.3 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 389 15 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 1 Many many JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 2 groups group NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 3 corroborated corroborate VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 4 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 5 results result NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 6 using use VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 7 larger large JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 8 numbers number NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 10 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 12 Au Au NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 14 Williams Williams NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 16 Gambello Gambello NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 18 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 19 Northrup Northrup NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 21 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 390 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 1 These these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 2 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 3 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 4 established establish VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 6 TSC1 TSC1 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 7 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 9 later later RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 10 discovered discover VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 11 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 12 encode encode VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 13 hamartin hamartin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 15 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 16 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 17 suppressor suppressor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 18 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 391 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 1 Another another DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 2 TSC TSC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 3 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 4 site site NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 5 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 6 discovered discover VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 7 via via IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 8 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 9 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 10 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 11 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 12 16p13.3 16p13.3 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 14 known know VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 15 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 16 TSC2 TSC2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 392 17 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 393 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 393 2 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 393 3 produces produce VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 393 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 393 5 tumor tumor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 393 6 suppressor suppressor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 393 7 protein protein NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 393 8 tuberin tuberin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 393 9 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 1 Further further JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 2 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 3 showed show VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 4 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 5 hamartin hamartin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 6 works work VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 7 together together RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 8 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 9 tuberin tuberin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 11 several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 12 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 13 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 14 signaling signal VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 15 pathways pathway NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 16 including include VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 17 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 18 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 19 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 20 translation translation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 21 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 22 pathway pathway NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 24 P13K P13K NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 25 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 26 PKB PKB NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 28 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 29 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 30 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 31 adhesion adhesion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 32 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 33 migration migration NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 34 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 35 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 36 transportation transportation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 37 pathway pathway NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 394 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 395 1 glycogen glycogen NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 395 2 synthase synthase NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 395 3 kinase kinase VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 395 4 3 3 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 2 GSK3)/β gsk3)/β JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 3 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 4 catenin catenin NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 5 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 6 focal focal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 7 adhesion adhesion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 8 kinase kinase NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 9 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 10 Ras Ras NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 11 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 12 related relate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 13 homolog homolog NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 15 Rho rho NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 17 pathway pathway NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 20 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 21 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 22 cell cell NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 23 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 24 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 25 proliferation proliferation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 396 26 pathway pathway NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 397 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 397 2 mitogen mitogen NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 397 3 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 397 4 activated activate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 397 5 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 397 6 kinase kinase NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 397 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 397 8 MAPK MAPK NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 397 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 397 10 ] ] -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 397 11 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 2 tuberin tuberin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 3 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 4 hamartin hamartin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 5 complex complex NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 6 affects affect VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 7 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 8 kinase kinase NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 9 activity activity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 11 Au Au NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 12 et et FW cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 13 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 14 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 16 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 19 promoting promote VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 20 tumor tumor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 21 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 398 22 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 2 discovery discovery NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 3 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 4 led lead VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 5 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 7 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 9 rapamycin rapamycin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 11 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 12 drug drug NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 13 used use VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 14 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 15 organ organ NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 16 transplant transplant NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 17 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 18 cancer cancer NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 19 treatment treatment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 21 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 22 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 23 therapy therapy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 24 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 25 suppressing suppress VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 26 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 27 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 28 tumors tumor NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 29 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 30 TSC TSC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 32 Kenerson Kenerson NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 33 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 34 Aicher Aicher NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 35 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 36 True True NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 37 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 38 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 39 Yeung Yeung NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 40 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 41 2002 2002 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 399 43 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 1 Other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 2 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 3 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 4 promoting promote VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 5 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 6 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 7 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 8 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 9 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 10 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 11 linked link VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 12 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 13 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 14 tuberin tuberin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 15 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 16 hamartin hamartin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 17 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 18 complex complex NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 19 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 20 contributors contributor NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 21 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 22 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 23 general general JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 24 overgrowth overgrowth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 25 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 26 TSC TSC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 400 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 401 1 As as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 401 2 previously previously RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 401 3 discussed discuss VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 401 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 401 5 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 401 6 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 401 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 401 8 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 401 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 401 10 interest interest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 401 11 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 401 12 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 401 13 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 402 1 Buxbaum Buxbaum NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 402 2 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 402 3 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 402 4 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 2 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 5 together together RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 6 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 8 Seaver Seaver NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 9 Autism Autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 10 Research Research NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 11 Center Center NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 16 reported report VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 17 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 18 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 19 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 20 point point NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 21 dominant dominant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 22 LOD lod NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 23 score score NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 24 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 25 2.25 2.25 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 26 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 27 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 28 2q 2q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 29 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 30 35 35 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 31 affected affected JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 32 sibling sibling NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 33 pairs pair NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 403 34 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 2 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 3 second second JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 4 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 5 stage stage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 6 screening screening NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 7 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 8 employed employ VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 9 60 60 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 10 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 11 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 12 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 13 probands proband NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 16 strongest strong JJS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 17 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 18 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 19 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 20 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 21 same same JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 22 location location NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 404 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 2 IMGSAC IMGSAC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 3 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 4 showed show VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 6 strong strong JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 7 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 8 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 9 7q 7q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 10 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 11 described describe VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 12 above above RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 14 but but CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 15 also also RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 16 found find VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 17 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 18 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 19 2q 2q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 21 IMGSAC IMGSAC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 23 1998 1998 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 26 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 27 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 28 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 29 recent recent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 30 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 31 also also RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 32 providing provide VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 33 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 34 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 35 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 36 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 37 2q 2q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 39 IMGSAC IMGSAC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 40 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 41 2001b 2001b CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 405 43 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 1 Early early JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 2 recognition recognition NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 5 need need NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 6 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 7 large large JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 8 patient patient JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 9 cohorts cohort NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 10 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 11 substantial substantial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 12 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 13 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 14 led lead VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 15 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 16 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 17 establishment establishment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 18 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 20 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 21 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 22 resource resource NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 23 exchange exchange NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 25 AGRE AGRE NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 27 composed compose VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 28 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 29 over over IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 30 500 500 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 31 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 406 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 407 1 AGRE AGRE NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 407 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 407 3 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 407 4 publically publically RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 407 5 available available JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 407 6 resource resource NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 407 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 407 8 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 407 9 data datum NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 407 10 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 407 11 biomaterials biomaterial NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 407 12 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 1 Genomic genomic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 2 scan scan JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 3 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 4 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 5 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 6 performed perform VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 7 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 8 109 109 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 9 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 10 sibling sibling NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 11 pairs pair NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 12 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 13 91 91 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 14 AGRE AGRE NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 15 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 16 together together RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 17 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 18 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 19 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 20 those those DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 21 pairs pair NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 22 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 23 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 24 independent independent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 25 sample sample NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 26 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 27 345 345 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 28 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 29 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 30 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 31 same same JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 32 AGRE AGRE NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 33 cohort cohort NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 35 Cantor Cantor NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 36 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 37 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 38 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 39 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 40 2005 2005 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 408 42 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 1 When when WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 2 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 3 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 4 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 5 were be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 6 stratified stratify VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 7 into into IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 8 only only RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 9 those those DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 10 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 11 affected affected JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 12 males male NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 14 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 15 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 16 significant significant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 17 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 18 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 19 17q11 17q11 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 20 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 21 21 21 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 22 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 23 both both DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 24 samples sample NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 409 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 2 LOD lod NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 3 score score NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 4 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 5 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 6 replicated replicate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 7 work work NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 8 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 9 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 10 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 11 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 12 wide wide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 13 level level NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 14 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 410 15 significance significance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 411 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 411 2 LOD lod NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 411 3 score score NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 411 4 > > XX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 411 5 1.4 1.4 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 411 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 411 7 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 1 One one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 2 positional positional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 3 candidate candidate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 4 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 5 close close RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 6 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 7 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 8 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 9 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 11 serotonin serotonin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 12 transporter transporter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 13 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 15 SLC6A4 SLC6A4 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 17 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 18 codes code VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 19 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 20 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 21 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 22 controlling control VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 23 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 24 reuptake reuptake NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 25 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 26 serotonin serotonin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 27 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 28 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 29 synapse synapse NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 412 30 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 2 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 3 exciting exciting JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 4 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 5 elevated elevated JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 6 levels level NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 8 serotonin serotonin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 9 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 10 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 11 determined determine VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 12 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 13 25 25 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 14 - - SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 15 30 30 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 16 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 17 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 18 cases case NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 19 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 413 20 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 414 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 414 2 Cook Cook NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 414 3 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 414 4 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 414 5 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 414 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 414 7 1990 1990 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 414 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 414 9 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 3 relationship relationship NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 4 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 6 SLC6A4 SLC6A4 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 7 site site NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 9 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 10 repeat repeat NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 11 polymorphic polymorphic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 12 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 13 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 15 promoter promoter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 16 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 18 5HTTLPR 5HTTLPR NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 20 recently recently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 21 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 22 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 23 independently independently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 24 investigated investigate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 26 Losh Losh NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 27 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 28 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 29 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 30 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 31 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 415 33 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 2 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 3 17q 17q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 4 locus locus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 6 however however RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 8 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 9 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 10 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 11 uniformly uniformly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 12 observed observe VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 13 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 14 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 16 large large JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 17 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 18 scale scale NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 19 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 21 Schellenberg Schellenberg NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 22 et et FW cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 23 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 24 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 26 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 28 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 29 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 30 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 31 due due JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 32 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 33 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 34 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 416 35 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 2 very very RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 3 recent recent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 4 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 5 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 6 wide wide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 7 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 8 mapping mapping NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 9 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 11 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 12 sample sample NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 14 1,031 1,031 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 15 multiplex multiplex JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 16 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 17 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 19 Weiss Weiss NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 21 Arking Arking NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 23 Daly Daly NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 24 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 25 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 26 Chakravarti Chakravarti NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 27 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 28 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 30 identified identify VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 31 significant significant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 32 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 33 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 34 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 35 20p13 20p13 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 36 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 37 suggestive suggestive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 38 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 39 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 40 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 41 6q27 6q27 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 417 42 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 1 In in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 2 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 3 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 5 no no DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 6 associations association NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 7 meeting meeting NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 8 criteria criterion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 9 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 10 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 11 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 12 wide wide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 13 significance significance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 14 were be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 15 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 17 suggesting suggest VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 18 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 19 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 20 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 21 many many JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 22 common common JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 23 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 24 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 25 moderate moderate JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 26 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 27 large large JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 28 effect effect NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 29 size size NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 418 30 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 419 1 However however RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 419 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 419 3 replication replication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 419 4 data datum NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 419 5 revealed reveal VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 419 6 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 419 7 novel novel JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 419 8 SNP SNP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 419 9 locus locus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 419 10 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 419 11 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 419 12 5p15 5p15 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 419 13 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 2 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 3 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 4 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 5 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 6 SEMA5A SEMA5A NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 9 member member NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 12 semaphoring semaphore VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 13 axonal axonal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 14 guidance guidance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 15 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 16 family family NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 17 which which WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 18 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 19 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 20 shown show VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 21 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 22 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 23 downregulated downregulate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 24 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 25 transformed transform VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 26 B b NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 27 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 28 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 29 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 30 samples sample NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 32 Weiss Weiss NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 33 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 34 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 35 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 36 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 37 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 420 39 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 421 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 421 2 authors author NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 421 3 further further RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 421 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 421 5 lower low JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 421 6 SEMA5A SEMA5A NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 421 7 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 421 8 expression expression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 421 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 421 10 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 421 11 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 421 12 tissue tissue NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 421 13 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 2 finding finding NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 4 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 5 keeping keep VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 6 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 8 suspected suspect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 9 derangement derangement NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 12 migration migration NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 14 cortical cortical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 15 neurons neuron NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 16 during during IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 17 embryogenesis embryogenesis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 18 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 19 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 422 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 1 Microarray Microarray NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 2 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 4 transforming transform VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 6 identification identification NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 8 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 9 duplications duplication NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 10 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 11 deletions deletion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 13 Gupta Gupta NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 14 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 15 State State NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 17 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 423 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 2 new new JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 3 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 5 known know VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 6 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 7 high high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 8 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 9 density density NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 11 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 12 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 13 based base VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 14 array array NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 15 comparative comparative JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 16 genomic genomic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 17 hybridization hybridization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 19 aCGH aCGH NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 22 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 23 now now RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 24 available available JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 25 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 26 widespread widespread JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 27 use use NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 424 28 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 2 technique technique NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 3 uses use VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 4 patient patient JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 5 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 6 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 7 control control NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 8 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 10 each each DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 11 labeled label VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 12 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 13 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 14 fluorescent fluorescent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 15 tag tag NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 17 red red JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 18 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 19 green green JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 425 21 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 1 Equal equal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 2 amounts amount NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 4 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 5 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 6 patient patient NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 7 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 8 control control NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 9 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 10 hybridized hybridize VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 11 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 12 known know VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 13 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 14 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 16 human human JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 17 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 18 pre pre VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 19 - - VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 20 arrayed array VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 21 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 22 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 23 slide slide NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 426 24 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 1 If if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 2 patient patient JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 3 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 4 control control NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 5 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 6 equal equal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 7 copy copy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 8 numbers number NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 9 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 10 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 11 given give VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 12 locus locus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 15 color color NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 16 turns turn VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 17 yellow yellow JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 19 representing represent VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 20 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 21 equal equal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 22 measure measure NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 23 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 24 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 427 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 1 If if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 3 patient patient NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 4 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 5 lost lose VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 7 deleted delete VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 9 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 10 locus locus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 12 only only RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 13 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 14 control control NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 15 color color NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 16 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 17 visualized visualize VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 428 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 1 If if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 3 patient patient NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 4 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 5 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 6 extra extra JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 7 copy copy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 8 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 9 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 10 locus locus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 12 duplication duplication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 16 patient patient NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 17 color color NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 18 predominates predominate VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 429 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 2 aCGH acgh JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 3 probe probe NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 4 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 5 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 6 enriched enrich VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 7 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 8 known know VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 9 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 10 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 11 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 12 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 13 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 14 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 15 known know VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 16 syndromes syndrome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 18 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 19 distributed distribute VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 20 evenly evenly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 21 across across IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 22 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 23 whole whole JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 24 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 430 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 2 new new JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 3 technique technique NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 4 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 5 now now RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 6 available available JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 7 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 8 all all DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 9 major major JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 10 medical medical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 11 centers center NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 13 through through IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 14 Signature Signature NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 15 Genomic Genomic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 16 Laboratories Laboratories NNPS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 18 www.signaturegenomics.com www.signaturegenomics.com ADD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 431 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 1 Single single JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 2 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 3 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 4 polymorphism polymorphism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 6 SNP SNP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 8 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 9 probes probe VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 10 thousands thousand NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 12 SNPs SNPs NNPS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 13 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 14 provides provide VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 15 data datum NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 16 about about IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 17 copy copy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 18 number number NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 19 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 20 genotype genotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 22 Li Li NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 23 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 24 Andersson Andersson NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 26 2009 2009 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 432 28 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 2 genotype genotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 3 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 4 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 5 used use VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 6 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 7 study study VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 8 uniparental uniparental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 9 disomy disomy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 11 UPI UPI NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 13 seen see VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 14 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 15 imprinting imprinting NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 16 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 17 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 18 consanguinity consanguinity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 433 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 2 technique technique NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 4 better well JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 5 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 6 focused focused JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 7 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 9 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 10 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 11 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 12 instead instead RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 15 whole whole JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 16 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 434 17 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 3 SNP SNP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 4 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 5 uses use VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 6 pre pre VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 7 - - JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 8 established establish VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 9 laboratory laboratory NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 10 standards standard NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 11 rather rather RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 12 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 13 intraexperimental intraexperimental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 14 controls control NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 435 15 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 1 Both both DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 2 SNP SNP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 3 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 4 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 5 aCGH aCGH NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 6 map map NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 7 produce produce VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 8 copy copy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 9 number number NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 10 variation variation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 14 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 15 common common JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 16 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 17 labs lab NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 18 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 19 first first RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 20 perform perform VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 21 aCGH acgh PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 22 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 23 follow follow VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 24 up up RP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 25 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 26 SNP SNP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 27 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 28 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 29 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 30 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 31 interest interest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 436 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 1 Today today NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 3 CNV CNV NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 4 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 5 several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 6 thousand thousand CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 7 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 8 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 9 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 10 identified identify VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 12 greatly greatly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 13 improving improve VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 14 upon upon IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 16 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 17 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 18 conventional conventional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 19 cytogenetics cytogenetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 437 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 438 1 Sebat Sebat NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 438 2 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 438 3 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 438 4 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 2 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 4 showed show VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 5 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 6 CNVs cnv NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 7 were be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 8 present present JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 10 10 10 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 11 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 12 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 13 affected affect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 14 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 15 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 16 singleincidence singleincidence NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 17 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 18 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 20 i.e. i.e. FW cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 22 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 23 cases case NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 26 contrasting contrast VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 27 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 28 substantially substantially RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 29 lower low JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 30 rates rate NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 31 observed observe VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 32 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 33 controls control NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 35 1 1 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 36 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 38 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 39 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 40 cases case NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 41 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 42 multiplex multiplex JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 43 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 45 3 3 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 46 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 439 48 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 2 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 3 led lead VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 4 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 6 general general JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 7 expectation expectation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 8 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 9 de de NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 10 novo novo NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 11 CNVs CNVs NNPS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 12 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 13 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 14 likely likely JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 15 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 16 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 17 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 18 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 19 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 21 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 22 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 24 turns turn VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 25 out out RP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 26 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 27 dysmorphic dysmorphic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 29 cases case NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 440 30 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 441 1 Jacquemont Jacquemont NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 441 2 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 441 3 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 441 4 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 1 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 2 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 3 reported report VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 4 CNV CNV NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 5 rearrangements rearrangement NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 7 8 8 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 9 27.5 27.5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 10 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 12 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 13 29 29 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 14 patients patient NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 15 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 16 syndromic syndromic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 17 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 19 including include VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 20 facial facial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 21 dysmorphism dysmorphism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 23 limb limb NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 24 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 25 visceral visceral JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 26 malformations malformation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 27 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 28 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 29 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 30 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 442 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 443 1 There there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 443 2 were be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 443 3 no no DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 443 4 reoccurrence reoccurrence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 443 5 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 443 6 overlap overlap VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 443 7 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 443 8 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 443 9 variants variant NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 443 10 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 443 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 443 12 eight eight CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 443 13 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 443 14 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 1 Chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 2 11q12-p13 11q12-p13 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 3 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 4 neurexins neurexin NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 5 were be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 6 implicated implicate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 7 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 9 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 10 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 11 using use VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 12 SNP SNP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 13 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 14 CNV CNV NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 15 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 16 1,181 1,181 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 17 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 18 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 19 at at RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 20 least least RBS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 21 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 22 affected affect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 23 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 24 through through IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 25 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 26 Autism Autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 27 Genome Genome NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 444 28 Project Project NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 445 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 445 2 Szatmari Szatmari NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 445 3 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 445 4 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 445 5 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 445 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 445 7 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 445 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 445 9 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 1 Microarray Microarray NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 2 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 4 however however RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 6 comes come VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 7 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 9 realization realization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 10 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 11 typically typically RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 12 developing develop VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 13 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 14 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 15 more more JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 16 structural structural JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 17 variants variant NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 18 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 19 previously previously RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 446 20 imagined imagine VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 447 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 447 2 Sebat Sebat NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 447 3 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 447 4 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 447 5 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 447 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 447 7 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 447 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 447 9 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 1 There there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 3 growing grow VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 4 concern concern NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 5 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 6 CNV CNV NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 7 irregularities irregularity NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 8 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 9 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 10 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 11 pathological pathological JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 13 therefore therefore RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 14 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 15 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 16 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 17 cause cause NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 18 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 19 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 21 Tabor Tabor NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 22 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 23 Cho Cho NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 24 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 25 2007 2007 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 448 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 1 These these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 2 authors author NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 3 note note VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 4 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 5 using use VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 6 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 7 tools tool NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 8 prematurely prematurely RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 10 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 11 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 12 context context NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 13 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 14 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 15 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 16 unethical unethical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 18 either either CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 19 because because IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 20 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 21 over over IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 22 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 23 treatment treatment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 24 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 25 under under IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 26 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 27 treatment treatment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 28 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 29 unwarranted unwarranted JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 30 labeling labeling NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 31 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 32 stigmatization stigmatization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 33 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 34 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 35 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 36 false false JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 37 sense sense NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 38 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 39 security security NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 40 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 449 41 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 1 Certainly certainly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 3 further further JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 4 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 5 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 6 large large JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 7 cohorts cohort NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 9 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 10 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 12 same same JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 13 deletion deletion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 14 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 15 duplication duplication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 16 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 17 necessary necessary JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 18 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 19 enable enable VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 20 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 21 application application NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 22 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 23 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 24 technology technology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 450 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 1 Due due IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 2 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 4 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 5 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 7 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 10 lack lack NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 11 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 12 finding find VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 13 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 14 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 15 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 17 researchers researcher NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 18 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 19 narrowed narrow VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 20 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 21 scope scope NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 22 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 23 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 24 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 25 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 26 pure pure JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 27 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 28 operationally operationally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 29 defined define VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 30 behaviors behavior NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 31 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 32 traits trait NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 451 33 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 1 Endophenotypes endophenotype NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 2 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 3 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 5 physiological physiological JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 7 and/or and/or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 8 neuropsychological neuropsychological JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 9 markers marker NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 10 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 11 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 12 present present JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 13 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 14 both both CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 15 affected affected JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 16 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 17 unaffected unaffected JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 18 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 452 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 1 Rather rather RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 2 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 3 searching search VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 4 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 5 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 6 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 7 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 8 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 9 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 10 endophenotype endophenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 11 investigations investigation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 12 search search VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 13 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 14 smaller small JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 15 grouping grouping NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 17 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 18 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 19 contribute contribute VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 20 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 21 discreet discreet JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 22 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 24 Losh Losh NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 25 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 26 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 27 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 28 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 29 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 453 31 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 2 approach approach NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 3 allows allow VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 4 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 5 measurement measurement NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 7 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 8 dosage dosage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 9 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 11 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 12 trait trait NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 13 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 14 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 15 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 16 applied apply VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 17 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 18 affected affect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 19 as as RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 20 well well RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 21 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 22 unaffected unaffected JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 23 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 454 24 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 1 Specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 2 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 3 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 5 SLI SLI NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 7 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 8 defined define VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 9 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 11 failure failure NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 12 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 13 normal normal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 14 development development NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 15 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 16 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 17 without without IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 18 hearing hear VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 19 loss loss NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 21 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 22 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 24 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 25 oral oral JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 26 motor motor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 27 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 28 neurological neurological JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 29 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 30 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 31 psychiatric psychiatric JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 32 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 455 33 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 456 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 456 2 affects affect VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 456 3 approximately approximately RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 456 4 7 7 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 456 5 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 456 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 456 7 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 456 8 entering enter VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 456 9 school school NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 457 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 457 2 Tomblin Tomblin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 457 3 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 457 4 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 457 5 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 457 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 457 7 1997 1997 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 457 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 457 9 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 1 Individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 2 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 3 SLI SLI NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 4 perform perform VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 5 poorly poorly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 6 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 7 phonologically phonologically RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 8 based base VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 9 tasks task NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 10 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 11 many many JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 12 go go VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 13 on on RP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 14 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 15 develop develop VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 16 dyslexia dyslexia NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 18 Stothard Stothard NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 20 Snowling Snowling NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 22 Bishop Bishop NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 24 Chipchase Chipchase NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 26 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 27 Kaplan Kaplan NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 28 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 29 1998 1998 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 458 31 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 459 1 There there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 459 2 appears appear VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 459 3 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 459 4 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 459 5 neurostructural neurostructural NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 459 6 association association NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 459 7 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 459 8 SLI SLI NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 459 9 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 459 10 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 2 Herbert Herbert NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 3 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 4 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 5 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 7 2002 2002 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 8 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 9 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 13 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 14 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 15 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 16 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 17 finding finding NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 18 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 19 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 20 delay delay NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 21 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 22 relatives relative NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 23 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 24 probands proband NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 25 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 460 26 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 461 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 461 2 Wassink Wassink NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 461 3 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 461 4 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 461 5 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 461 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 461 7 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 461 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 461 9 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 462 1 Several several JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 462 2 investigations investigation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 462 3 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 462 4 found find VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 462 5 strong strong JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 462 6 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 462 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 462 8 SLI SLI NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 462 9 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 462 10 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 463 1 13q21 13q21 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 2 Bartlett Bartlett NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 3 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 4 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 5 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 7 2002 2002 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 8 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 9 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 11 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 12 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 13 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 14 16q 16q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 15 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 464 16 19q 19q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 465 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 465 2 SLI SLI NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 465 3 Consortium Consortium NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 465 4 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 465 5 2002 2002 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 465 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 465 7 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 465 8 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 2 finding finding NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 4 noteworthy noteworthy JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 5 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 7 directly directly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 8 overlies overlie VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 10 16q 16q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 11 locus locus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 12 linked link VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 13 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 14 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 16 Wassink Wassink NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 17 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 18 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 19 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 20 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 21 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 466 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 2 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 3 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 4 marker marker NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 6 age age NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 8 first first JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 9 word word NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 11 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 12 shown show VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 13 significant significant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 14 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 15 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 16 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 17 7 7 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 18 observed observe VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 19 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 20 five five CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 21 separate separate JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 22 investigators investigator NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 24 Losh Losh NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 25 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 26 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 27 . . NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 28 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 29 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 467 31 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 2 7q 7q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 3 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 4 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 5 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 7 subject subject NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 9 intense intense JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 10 investigation investigation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 12 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 13 described describe VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 14 above above RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 16 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 17 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 18 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 20 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 21 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 22 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 23 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 24 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 468 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 469 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 469 2 restricted restricted JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 469 3 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 469 4 repetitive repetitive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 469 5 behavior behavior NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 2 RRB RRB NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 4 endophenotype endophenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 5 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 6 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 7 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 8 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 9 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 10 receiving receive VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 11 attention attention NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 13 Morgan Morgan NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 15 Wetherby Wetherby NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 17 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 18 Barber Barber NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 20 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 470 22 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 1 RRB RRB NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 2 comprises comprise VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 3 one one CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 4 prong prong NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 7 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 9 triad triad NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 11 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 12 deficit deficit NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 14 social social JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 15 deficit deficit NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 17 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 18 RRB RRB NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 471 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 472 1 Cuccaro Cuccaro NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 472 2 et et NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 472 3 al al NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 472 4 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 2 2003 2003 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 4 identified identify VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 5 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 6 factors factor NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 7 underlying underlie VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 8 RRB RRB NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 9 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 10 measured measure VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 11 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 13 Autism Autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 14 Diagnostic Diagnostic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 15 Interview Interview NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 16 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 17 Revised revise VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 19 ADI ADI NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 20 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 21 R R NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 23 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 24 repetitive repetitive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 25 sensory sensory JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 26 motor motor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 27 actions action NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 28 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 29 resistance resistance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 30 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 31 change change VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 473 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 2 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 4 interest interest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 5 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 6 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 7 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 8 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 9 signal signal NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 10 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 11 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 12 reported report VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 13 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 14 resistance resistance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 15 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 16 change change VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 17 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 18 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 19 15 15 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 474 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 2 appears appear VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 3 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 5 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 7 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 8 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 9 subtypes subtype NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 10 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 11 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 12 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 13 powerful powerful JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 14 tool tool NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 15 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 16 mapping mapping NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 17 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 18 candidate candidate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 19 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 20 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 21 complex complex JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 22 traits trait NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 23 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 24 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 25 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 475 26 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 2 recent recent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 3 marked marked JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 4 increase increase NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 5 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 7 incidence incidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 9 awareness awareness NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 11 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 12 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 13 resulted result VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 14 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 15 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 16 increase increase NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 17 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 18 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 19 number number NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 20 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 21 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 22 sent send VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 23 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 24 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 25 evaluation evaluation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 476 26 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 2 general general JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 3 consensus consensus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 4 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 6 literature literature NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 7 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 8 that that DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 9 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 10 consultation consultation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 11 should should MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 12 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 13 conducted conduct VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 14 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 15 all all DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 16 persons person NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 17 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 18 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 19 confirmed confirm VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 20 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 21 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 22 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 477 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 1 While while IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 2 referral referral NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 3 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 4 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 5 consult consult NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 6 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 7 often often RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 8 preferred prefer VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 10 often often RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 12 primary primary JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 13 practitioner practitioner NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 15 pediatrician pediatrician NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 17 and/or and/or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 18 pediatric pediatric JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 19 neurologist neurologist NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 20 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 21 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 22 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 23 position position NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 24 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 25 conduct conduct VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 26 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 27 initial initial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 28 evaluation evaluation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 478 29 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 1 Further further RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 3 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 4 geneticists geneticist NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 5 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 6 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 7 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 8 available available JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 10 particularly particularly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 11 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 12 underserved underserved JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 13 areas area NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 14 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 16 country country NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 18 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 19 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 20 timely timely JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 21 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 22 evaluation evaluation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 23 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 24 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 25 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 26 possible possible JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 27 due due IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 28 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 29 lengthy lengthy JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 30 waiting waiting NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 31 lists list NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 479 32 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 4 clinician clinician NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 5 taking take VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 6 care care NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 7 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 9 child child NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 10 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 11 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 12 may may MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 13 wish wish VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 14 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 15 initiate initiate VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 16 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 17 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 18 evaluation evaluation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 480 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 1 Recently recently RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 3 sequential sequential JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 4 guidelines guideline NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 5 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 6 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 7 genetics genetics NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 8 evaluation evaluation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 10 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 11 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 12 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 13 published publish VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 14 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 15 Schaefer Schaefer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 17 Mendelsohn Mendelsohn NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 19 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 20 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 21 Professional Professional NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 22 Practice Practice NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 23 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 24 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 25 Committee Committee NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 27 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 481 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 482 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 482 2 see see VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 482 3 Box Box NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 482 4 6.5 6.5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 482 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 482 6 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 1 These these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 2 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 3 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 4 based base VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 5 guidelines guideline NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 6 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 7 evolved evolve VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 8 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 9 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 10 original original JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 11 retrospective retrospective JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 12 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 14 patients patient NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 15 referred refer VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 16 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 17 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 18 genetics genetics NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 19 evaluation evaluation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 20 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 21 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 22 years year NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 23 2002 2002 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 24 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 25 2004 2004 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 26 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 27 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 28 University University NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 29 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 30 Nebraska Nebraska NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 31 Medical Medical NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 32 Center Center NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 34 Schaefer Schaefer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 35 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 36 Lutz Lutz NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 37 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 38 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 483 40 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 2 guidelines guideline NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 3 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 4 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 5 rather rather RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 6 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 7 static static JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 9 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 10 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 11 updated update VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 13 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 14 example example NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 15 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 16 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 17 aCGH aCGH NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 18 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 19 become become VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 20 more more RBR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 21 available available JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 484 22 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 2 stepwise stepwise JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 3 approach approach NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 4 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 5 designed design VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 6 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 7 balance balance VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 8 cost cost NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 9 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 11 expected expect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 12 yield yield NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 15 tests test NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 485 16 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 1 Further further RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 3 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 4 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 6 pyramidal pyramidal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 7 effect effect NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 8 so so IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 9 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 10 " " `` cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 11 earlier early JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 12 tiers tier NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 13 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 14 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 15 greater great JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 16 expected expect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 17 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 18 yield yield NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 20 lower low JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 21 invasiveness invasiveness NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 22 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 23 testing testing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 24 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 25 better well JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 26 potential potential NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 27 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 28 intervention intervention NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 29 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 30 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 31 easier easy JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 32 overall overall JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 33 practicality practicality NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 34 " " '' cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 486 35 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 1 Summarizing summarize VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 3 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 4 yields yield NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 5 expected expect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 6 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 8 following follow VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 9 investigations investigation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 11 high high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 12 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 13 resolution resolution NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 14 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 15 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 17 5 5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 18 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 19 ; ; , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 20 aCGH acgh LS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 21 -beyond -beyond NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 22 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 23 detected detect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 24 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 25 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 26 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 27 -10 -10 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 28 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 29 ; ; , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 30 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 31 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 32 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 33 5 5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 34 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 35 ; ; , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 36 MECP2 mecp2 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 37 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 38 5 5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 39 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 40 women woman NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 41 only only RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 42 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 43 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 44 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 45 3 3 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 46 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 47 if if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 48 head head NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 49 circumference circumference NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 50 > > XX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 51 2.5 2.5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 52 SD sd NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 53 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 54 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 55 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 56 10 10 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 57 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 59 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 60 it -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 61 was be VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 62 predicted predict VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 63 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 64 utilization utilization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 65 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 66 these these DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 67 guidelines guideline NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 68 would would MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 69 lead lead VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 70 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 71 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 72 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 73 40 40 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 74 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 75 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 76 cases case NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 77 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 78 Schaefer Schaefer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 79 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 80 Mendelsohn Mendelsohn NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 81 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 82 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 83 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 84 Professional Professional NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 85 Practice Practice NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 86 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 87 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 88 Committee Committee NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 89 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 90 2008 2008 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 91 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 487 92 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 1 Finally finally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 3 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 4 stepwise stepwise JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 5 approach approach NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 6 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 7 met meet VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 8 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 9 approval approval NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 11 third third JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 12 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 13 party party NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 14 payers payer NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 15 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 16 families family NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 18 Schaefer Schaefer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 19 & & CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 20 Lutz Lutz NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 22 2006 2006 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 488 24 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 1 Confirmation confirmation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 2 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 3 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 4 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 5 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 6 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 7 trained train VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 8 professional professional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 9 using use VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 10 objective objective JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 11 criteria criterion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 13 tools tool NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 14 Sensory sensory JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 15 screening screening NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 489 17 _SP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 1 This this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 2 initial initial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 3 step step NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 4 includes include VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 5 confirming confirm VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 7 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 8 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 9 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 10 using use VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 11 objective objective JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 13 DSM DSM NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 14 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 15 IV IV NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 490 17 criteria criterion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 491 1 and/or and/or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 491 2 standardized standardized JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 491 3 objective objective JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 491 4 measures measure NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 491 5 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 491 6 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 491 7 those those DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 491 8 discussed discuss VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 491 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 491 10 Chapter chapter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 491 11 15 15 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 491 12 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 1 An an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 2 audiogram audiogram NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 3 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 4 obtained obtain VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 5 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 6 rule rule VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 7 out out RP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 8 hearing hear VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 9 loss loss NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 10 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 11 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 12 electroencephalogram electroencephalogram NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 14 EEG EEG NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 16 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 17 obtained obtain VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 18 if if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 19 there there EX cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 20 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 21 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 22 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 23 suspicion suspicion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 24 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 25 seizures seizure NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 492 26 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 493 1 Cognitive cognitive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 493 2 testing testing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 493 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 493 4 when when WRB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 493 5 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 493 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 493 7 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 493 8 determine determine VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 493 9 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 493 10 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 493 11 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 1 Finally finally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 3 verifying verify VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 5 results result NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 8 newborn newborn JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 9 screen screen NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 10 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 11 help help VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 12 rule rule VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 13 out out RP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 14 rubella rubella NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 15 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 16 PKU PKU NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 494 17 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 1 Initial initial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 2 assessment assessment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 3 involves involve VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 4 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 5 standard standard JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 6 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 7 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 8 history history NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 9 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 10 physical physical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 11 exam exam NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 12 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 13 identify identify VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 14 known know VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 15 syndromes syndrome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 16 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 17 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 18 conditions condition NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 495 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 1 Included include VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 2 would would MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 3 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 4 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 5 Wood Wood NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 6 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 7 lamp lamp NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 8 examination examination NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 11 skin skin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 12 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 13 help help VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 14 rule rule VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 15 out out RP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 16 neurocutaneous neurocutaneous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 17 conditions condition NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 18 such such JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 19 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 20 TSC TSC NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 496 21 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 1 Also also RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 3 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 4 suspected suspect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 5 diagnoses diagnosis NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 6 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 7 standard standard JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 8 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 9 screening screening NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 10 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 11 performed perform VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 12 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 13 check check VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 14 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 15 urine urine NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 16 mucopolysaccharides mucopolysaccharide NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 17 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 18 organic organic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 19 acids acid NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 20 as as RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 21 well well RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 22 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 23 serum serum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 24 lactate lactate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 26 amino amino NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 27 acid acid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 28 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 29 ammonia ammonia NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 30 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 31 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 32 acylcarnitine acylcarnitine NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 33 profile profile NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 497 34 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 1 If if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 2 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 3 already already RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 4 performed perform VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 6 high high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 7 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 8 resolution resolution NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 9 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 10 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 11 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 12 DNA dna NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 13 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 14 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 15 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 16 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 17 sent send VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 498 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 1 If if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 3 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 4 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 5 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 6 first first JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 7 tier tier NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 8 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 9 unrevealing unrevealing JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 10 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 12 second second JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 13 tier tier NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 14 checks check NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 15 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 16 aCGH acgh JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 17 duplications duplication NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 18 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 19 deletions deletion NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 499 20 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 1 For for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 2 patients patient NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 3 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 4 pigmentary pigmentary JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 5 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 6 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 7 exam exam NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 8 but but CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 9 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 10 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 11 normal normal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 12 leukocyte leukocyte NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 13 karyotype karyotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 15 skin skin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 16 biopsy biopsy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 17 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 18 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 19 obtained obtain VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 20 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 21 obtain obtain VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 22 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 23 fibroblast fibroblast NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 24 karyotype karyotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 500 25 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 1 For for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 2 females female NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 4 MECP2 mecp2 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 5 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 6 testing testing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 7 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 8 obtained obtain VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 9 ; ; : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 10 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 11 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 12 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 13 head head NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 14 circumference circumference NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 15 greater great JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 16 than than IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 17 2.5 2.5 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 18 SD sd NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 19 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 20 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 21 mean mean NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 22 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 23 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 24 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 25 testing testing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 26 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 27 recommended recommend VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 501 28 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 1 Lower low JJR cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 2 yield yield NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 3 tests test NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 4 have have VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 5 been be VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 6 reserved reserve VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 7 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 8 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 9 level level NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 10 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 11 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 12 magnetic magnetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 13 resonance resonance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 14 imaging imaging NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 15 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 16 serum serum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 17 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 18 urine urine NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 19 uric uric NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 20 acid acid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 502 21 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 1 Further further JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 2 tests test NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 3 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 4 outlined outline VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 5 depending depend VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 6 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 7 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 8 results result NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 10 high high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 11 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 12 low low JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 14 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 16 uric uric JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 17 acid acid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 18 tests test NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 503 19 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 2 would would MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 3 add add VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 4 here here RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 5 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 6 if if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 7 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 8 child child NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 9 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 10 significant significant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 11 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 12 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 13 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 14 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 15 Shank3 Shank3 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 16 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 17 should should MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 18 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 19 ruled rule VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 20 out out RP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 504 21 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 1 Finally finally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 2 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 3 new new JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 4 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 5 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 6 that that WDT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 7 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 8 contribute contribute VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 9 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 11 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 12 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 13 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 14 continually continually RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 15 identified identify VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 16 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 17 catalogued catalogue VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 18 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 19 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 20 Online Online NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 21 Mendelian Mendelian NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 22 Inheritance Inheritance NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 23 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 24 Man Man NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 26 OMIM OMIM NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 28 database database NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 30 http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 31 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 32 sites site NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 33 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 34 entrez entrez NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 505 36 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 1 Using use VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 2 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 3 search search NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 4 engine engine NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 6 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 7 patient patient NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 8 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 9 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 10 including include VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 11 dysmorphic dysmorphic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 12 features feature NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 13 can can MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 14 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 15 entered enter VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 16 into into IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 17 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 18 program program NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 19 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 20 generate generate VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 21 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 22 list list NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 23 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 24 possible possible JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 25 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 26 diagnoses diagnosis NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 506 27 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 1 Most Most JJS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 2 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 3 geneticists geneticist NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 4 work work VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 5 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 7 counselors counselor NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 8 who who WP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 9 interpret interpret VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 10 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 11 findings finding NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 12 into into IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 13 recurrent recurrent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 14 risks risk NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 15 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 16 full full JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 17 siblings sibling NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 507 18 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 2 tiered tiered JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 3 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 4 genetics genetics NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 5 evaluation evaluation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 6 should should MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 7 identify identify VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 8 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 9 groups group NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 11 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 12 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 13 those those DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 14 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 15 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 16 those those DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 17 without without IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 18 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 19 identifiable identifiable JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 20 etiology etiology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 21 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 22 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 508 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 1 For for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 2 those those DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 3 without without IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 4 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 5 identifiable identifiable JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 6 etiology etiology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 8 counseling counseling NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 9 should should MD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 10 be be VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 11 provided provide VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 12 according accord VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 13 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 14 multifactorial multifactorial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 15 inheritance inheritance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 509 16 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 1 That that RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 2 is is RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 3 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 4 4 4 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 5 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 6 recurrence recurrence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 7 rate rate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 8 if if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 9 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 10 proband proband NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 11 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 12 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 13 girl girl NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 14 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 15 7 7 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 16 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 17 if if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 18 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 19 proband proband NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 20 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 21 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 22 boy boy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 510 23 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 1 If if IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 2 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 3 second second JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 4 child child NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 5 has have VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 6 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 7 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 9 reasonable reasonable JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 10 recurrence recurrence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 11 rate rate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 13 based base VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 14 upon upon IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 15 published publish VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 16 reports report NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 17 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 18 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 19 30 30 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 20 % % NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 511 21 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 512 1 Advances advance NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 512 2 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 512 3 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 512 4 genetics genetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 512 5 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 1 On on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 2 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 3 threshold threshold NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 4 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 5 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 6 new new JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 7 neurobiology neurobiology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 8 Linkage Linkage NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 9 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 10 association association NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 11 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 13 geneexpression geneexpression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 14 analyses analysis NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 15 identify identify VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 16 CNTNAP2 CNTNAP2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 17 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 18 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 19 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 20 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 21 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 22 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 23 Memantine Memantine NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 24 lowers lower VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 25 amyloid amyloid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 26 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 27 beta beta NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 28 peptide peptide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 29 levels level NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 30 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 31 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 32 cultures culture NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 33 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 34 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 35 APP app NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 36 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 37 PS1 PS1 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 38 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 39 mice mouse NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 40 Investigation Investigation NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 41 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 42 potential potential JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 43 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 44 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 45 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 46 interactions interaction NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 47 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 48 APOE APOE NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 49 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 50 RELN RELN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 51 contributing contribute VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 52 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 53 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 54 risk risk NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 55 Molecular molecular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 56 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 57 basis basis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 58 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 59 tuberous tuberous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 60 sclerosis sclerosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 61 complex complex NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 513 62 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 1 From from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 2 bench bench NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 3 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 4 bedside bedside NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 5 Peripheral peripheral JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 6 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 7 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 8 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 9 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 10 Secreted secrete VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 11 amyloid amyloid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 12 precursor precursor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 13 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 14 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 15 alpha alpha NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 16 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 17 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 18 probable probable JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 19 key key JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 20 player player NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 21 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 22 early early JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 23 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 24 Autism Autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 25 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 26 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 27 strongly strongly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 28 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 29 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 514 30 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 515 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 515 2 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 515 3 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 515 4 British british JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 515 5 twin twin JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 515 6 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 516 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 516 2 cytogenetic cytogenetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 516 3 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 516 4 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 516 5 resequencing resequencing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 516 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 516 7 contactin contactin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 516 8 associated associated JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 516 9 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 516 10 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 516 11 like like JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 516 12 2 2 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 516 13 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 1 autism autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 2 spectrum spectrum NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 3 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 4 Examination Examination NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 6 potential potential JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 7 overlap overlap NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 8 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 9 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 10 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 11 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 12 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 13 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 14 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 15 2 2 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 16 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 17 7 7 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 18 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 19 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 20 13 13 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 21 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 22 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 23 independent independent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 24 samples sample NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 25 ascertained ascertain VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 26 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 27 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 28 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 517 29 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 2 major major JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 3 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 4 locus locus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 5 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 6 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 7 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 8 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 9 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 10 located locate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 11 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 12 13q21 13q21 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 13 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 14 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 15 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 16 Fragile Fragile NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 17 X X NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 18 Syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 19 Therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 20 implications implication NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 21 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 22 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 23 mGluR mglur JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 24 theory theory NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 25 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 26 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 27 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 28 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 518 29 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 2 mGluR mglur JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 3 theory theory NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 4 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 5 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 6 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 7 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 8 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 9 Fragile Fragile NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 10 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 11 - - JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 12 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 13 tremor tremor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 14 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 15 ataxia ataxia NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 16 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 17 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 18 sisters sister NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 19 related relate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 20 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 21 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 22 - - NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 23 inactivation inactivation JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 24 Subset subset NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 25 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 26 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 27 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 28 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 29 spectrum spectrum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 30 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 31 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 32 extreme extreme JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 33 macrocephaly macrocephaly NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 34 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 35 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 36 germline germline JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 37 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 38 tumour tumour NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 39 suppressor suppressor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 40 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 41 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 42 Mutation Mutation NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 43 screening screening NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 44 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 45 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 46 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 47 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 48 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 49 patients patient NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 50 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 51 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 52 spectrum spectrum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 53 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 54 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 55 macrocephaly macrocephaly NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 56 Replication Replication NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 57 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 58 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 59 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 519 60 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 520 1 Finemapping finemappe VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 520 2 peak peak NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 520 3 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 520 4 17q21 17q21 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 520 5 An an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 520 6 autosomal autosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 520 7 genomic genomic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 520 8 screen screen NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 520 9 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 520 10 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 521 1 An an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 521 2 autosomal autosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 521 3 genomic genomic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 521 4 screen screen NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 521 5 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 521 6 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 522 1 Autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 522 2 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 522 3 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 522 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 522 5 first first JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 522 6 degree degree NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 522 7 relatives relative NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 522 8 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 1 Relationships relationship NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 2 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 3 serotonin serotonin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 4 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 5 norepinephrine norepinephrine NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 6 levels level NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 7 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 8 intelligence intelligence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 9 Autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 10 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 11 atypical atypical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 12 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 13 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 14 maternally maternally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 15 but but CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 16 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 17 paternally paternally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 18 derived derive VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 19 proximal proximal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 20 15q 15q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 21 duplication duplication NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 22 Autism Autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 23 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 24 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 25 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 26 developmental developmental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 27 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 28 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 29 Some some DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 30 new new JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 31 pathophysiologic pathophysiologic NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 32 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 33 genetics genetics NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 34 findings finding NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 35 Evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 36 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 37 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 38 overgrowth overgrowth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 39 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 40 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 41 first first JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 42 year year NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 43 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 44 life life NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 45 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 46 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 47 Unusual unusual JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 48 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 49 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 50 patterns pattern NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 51 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 52 early early JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 53 life life NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 54 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 55 patients patient NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 56 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 57 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 58 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 523 59 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 1 An an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 2 MRI MRI NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 3 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 4 Factor factor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 5 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 7 restricted restricted JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 9 repetitive repetitive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 10 behaviors behavior NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 11 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 12 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 13 using use VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 15 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 16 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 17 interview interview NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 18 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 19 R R NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 20 Neuron Neuron NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 22 know know VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 23 thy thy PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 24 neighbor neighbor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 25 Correction correction NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 26 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 27 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 28 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 29 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 30 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 31 mice mouse NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 32 Mutations Mutations NNPS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 33 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 34 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 35 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 36 encoding encode VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 37 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 38 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 39 scaffolding scaffolding NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 524 40 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 1 SHANK3 SHANK3 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 2 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 3 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 4 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 5 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 6 spectrum spectrum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 7 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 8 Gene Gene NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 9 expression expression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 10 profiles profile NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 11 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 12 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 13 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 14 animal animal NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 15 model model NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 17 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 18 X X NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 19 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 20 Autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 21 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 22 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 23 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 24 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 25 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 26 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 27 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 28 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 29 Mouse mouse NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 30 neurexin-1alpha neurexin-1alpha NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 31 deletion deletion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 32 causes cause NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 33 correlated correlate VBD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 34 electrophysiological electrophysiological JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 35 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 36 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 37 changes change NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 38 consistent consistent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 39 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 40 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 525 41 impairments impairment NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 1 High high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 2 frequency frequency NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 4 neurexin neurexin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 5 1beta 1beta CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 6 signal signal NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 7 peptide peptide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 8 structural structural JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 9 variants variant NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 11 patients patient NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 12 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 13 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 14 Infantile infantile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 15 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 526 16 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 3 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 4 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 5 21 21 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 6 twin twin JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 7 pairs pair NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 8 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 9 genetics genetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 11 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 12 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 13 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 15 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 16 relevance relevance NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 17 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 18 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 19 review review NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 20 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 21 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 22 literature literature NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 23 Evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 24 that that IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 25 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 26 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 27 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 28 tuberous tuberous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 29 sclerosis sclerosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 30 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 31 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 32 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 33 9 9 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 34 Advances advance NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 35 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 36 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 37 Neuroscience Neuroscience NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 38 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 39 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 40 era era NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 41 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 42 functional functional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 43 genomics genomic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 44 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 45 systems system NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 46 biology biology NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 47 Autism Autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 48 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 49 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 50 wide wide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 51 copy copy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 52 number number NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 53 variation variation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 54 reveals reveal VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 55 ubiquitin ubiquitin JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 56 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 57 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 527 58 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 528 1 Recent recent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 528 2 advances advance NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 528 3 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 528 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 528 5 genetics genetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 528 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 528 7 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 2 physical physical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 3 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 4 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 5 phenotype phenotype NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 6 Lessons lesson NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 7 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 8 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 9 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 10 regarding regard VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 11 neurobiology neurobiology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 13 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 15 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 16 neurodegeneration neurodegeneration NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 17 Intention intention NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 18 tremor tremor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 19 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 20 parkinsonism parkinsonism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 21 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 22 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 23 generalized generalized JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 24 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 25 atrophy atrophy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 26 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 27 male male JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 28 carriers carrier NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 29 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 30 fragile fragile JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 31 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 32 Abnormal abnormal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 33 asymmetry asymmetry NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 34 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 35 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 36 association association NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 37 cortex cortex NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 38 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 39 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 40 Localization Localization NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 41 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 42 white white JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 43 matter matter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 44 volume volume NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 45 increase increase NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 46 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 47 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 48 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 49 developmental developmental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 50 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 529 51 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 530 1 Increasing increase VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 530 2 knowledge knowledge NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 530 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 530 4 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 530 5 germline germline NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 530 6 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 530 7 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 1 Two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 2 additional additional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 3 patients patient NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 4 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 5 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 6 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 7 macrocephaly macrocephaly NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 8 A A NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 9 full full JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 10 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 11 screen screen NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 12 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 13 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 14 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 15 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 16 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 17 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 18 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 19 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 20 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 21 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 22 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 23 7q 7q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 531 24 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 1 International international JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 2 molecular molecular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 3 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 4 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 6 autism autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 7 consortium consortium NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 8 Gene Gene NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 9 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 10 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 11 seizures seizure NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 12 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 13 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 14 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 15 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 16 hepatomegaly hepatomegaly NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 17 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 18 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 19 Amish amish JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 20 girl girl NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 21 Array array NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 22 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 23 based base VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 24 comparative comparative JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 25 genomic genomic NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 26 hybridisation hybridisation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 27 identifies identify VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 28 high high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 29 frequency frequency NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 30 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 31 cryptic cryptic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 32 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 33 rearrangements rearrangement NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 34 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 35 patients patient NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 36 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 37 syndromic syndromic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 38 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 39 spectrum spectrum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 40 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 41 Mutations Mutations NNPS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 42 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 43 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 44 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 45 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 46 linked link VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 47 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 48 encoding encode VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 49 neuroligins neuroligins NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 532 50 NLGN3 NLGN3 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 1 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 2 NLGN4 nlgn4 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 3 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 4 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 5 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 6 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 7 Activated activate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 8 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 9 target target NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 10 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 11 rapamycin rapamycin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 12 pathway pathway NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 13 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 14 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 15 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 16 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 17 tuberous tuberous JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 18 sclerosis sclerosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 19 complex complex JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 20 renal renal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 21 tumors tumor NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 22 Human human JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 23 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 24 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 25 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 26 regulation regulation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 27 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 28 CNS CNS NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 29 development development NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 30 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 31 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 32 FOXP2 FOXP2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 33 Pten Pten NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 34 regulates regulate VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 35 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 36 arborization arborization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 37 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 38 social social JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 39 interaction interaction NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 40 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 533 41 mice mouse NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 2 critical critical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 3 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 4 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 5 new new JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 6 molecular molecular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 7 targets target NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 8 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 9 strategies strategy NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 10 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 11 drug drug NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 12 developments development NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 13 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 14 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 15 's 's POS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 534 16 disease disease NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 535 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 535 2 LEARn LEARn NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 535 3 model model NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 535 4 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 536 1 An an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 536 2 epigenetic epigenetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 536 3 explanation explanation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 536 4 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 536 5 idiopathic idiopathic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 536 6 neurobiological neurobiological JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 536 7 diseases disease NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 2 forkhead forkhead JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 3 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 4 domain domain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 5 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 6 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 7 mutated mutate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 8 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 9 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 10 severe severe JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 11 speech speech NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 12 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 13 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 14 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 15 Genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 16 dissection dissection NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 17 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 18 complex complex JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 19 traits trait NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 20 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 21 Guidelines guideline NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 22 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 23 interpreting interpret VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 24 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 25 reporting report VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 26 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 537 27 results result NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 1 Initial initial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 2 sequencing sequencing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 3 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 4 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 6 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 7 human human JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 8 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 9 X X NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 10 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 11 linked link VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 12 mental mental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 13 retardation retardation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 14 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 15 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 16 are be VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 17 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 18 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 19 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 20 mutation mutation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 21 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 22 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 23 NLGN4 nlgn4 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 24 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 25 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 26 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 27 member member NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 28 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 29 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 30 neuroligin neuroligin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 31 family family NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 32 Familial familial JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 33 deletion deletion NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 34 within within IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 35 NLGN4 nlgn4 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 36 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 37 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 38 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 39 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 40 Tourette Tourette NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 41 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 42 Clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 43 application application NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 44 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 45 microarray microarray NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 46 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 47 based base VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 48 molecular molecular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 49 cytogenetics cytogenetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 538 50 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 1 An an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 2 emerging emerge VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 3 new new JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 4 era era NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 6 genomic genomic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 7 medicine medicine NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 8 Lack lack NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 10 evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 11 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 12 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 13 association association NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 14 between between IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 15 WNT2 WNT2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 16 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 17 RELN RELN NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 18 polymorphisms polymorphism NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 19 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 20 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 21 Cadherin Cadherin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 22 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 23 catenin catenin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 24 proteins protein NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 25 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 26 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 539 27 development development NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 1 Autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 2 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 3 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 4 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 5 testing testing NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 6 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 7 State state NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 8 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 9 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 10 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 11 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 12 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 13 art art NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 14 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 16 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 17 geneticist geneticist NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 18 Current current JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 19 developments development NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 20 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 21 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 22 genetics genetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 23 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 24 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 540 25 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 1 From from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 2 phenome phenome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 3 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 4 genome genome VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 5 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 6 marker marker NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 7 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 8 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 9 Fragile Fragile NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 10 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 11 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 12 syndrome syndrome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 13 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 14 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 15 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 16 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 17 prevalent prevalent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 18 association association NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 19 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 20 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 21 misinterpreted misinterpret VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 22 connection connection NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 23 Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychiatry NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 24 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 25 18q 18q CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 26 Autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 27 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 28 lessons lesson NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 29 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 30 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 31 X x NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 32 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 33 Structural structural JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 34 variation variation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 35 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 36 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 37 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 38 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 39 spectrum spectrum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 541 40 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 542 1 Signaling signal VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 542 2 events event NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 542 3 regulating regulate VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 542 4 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 542 5 neurodevelopmental neurodevelopmental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 542 6 triad triad NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 542 7 . . . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 1 Glutamate glutamate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 2 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 3 secreted secrete VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 4 forms form NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 5 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 6 beta beta JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 7 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 8 amyloid amyloid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 9 precursor precursor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 10 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 11 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 12 examples example NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 13 Macrocephaly Macrocephaly NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 14 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 15 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 16 control control NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 17 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 18 brain brain NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 19 growth growth NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 20 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 21 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 543 22 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 1 Genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 2 evaluation evaluation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 4 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 5 Contribution Contribution NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 6 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 7 SHANK3 SHANK3 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 8 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 9 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 10 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 11 spectrum spectrum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 12 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 13 Repetitive repetitive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 14 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 15 stereotyped stereotyped JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 16 movements movement NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 17 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 18 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 19 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 20 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 21 spectrum spectrum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 22 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 23 late late RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 24 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 25 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 26 second second JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 27 year year NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 28 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 544 29 life life NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 545 1 Identifying identify VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 545 2 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 545 3 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 545 4 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 545 5 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 545 6 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 545 7 tracing trace VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 545 8 recent recent JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 545 9 shared share VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 545 10 ancestry ancestry NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 2 genetics genetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 4 autism autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 5 FOXP2 FOXP2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 6 is be VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 7 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 8 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 9 major major JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 10 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 11 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 12 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 13 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 14 or or CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 15 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 16 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 17 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 18 Association Association NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 19 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 20 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 21 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 22 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 24 SLI SLI NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 26 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 27 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 28 region region NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 29 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 30 7q31 7q31 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 31 Autism Autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 32 genetics genetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 33 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 34 Strategies strategy NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 35 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 36 challenges challenge NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 37 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 38 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 39 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 40 Diagnosing diagnose VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 41 learning learn VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 42 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 546 43 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 2 neuropsychological neuropsychological JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 3 framework framework NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 4 Serotonin Serotonin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 5 transporter transporter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 6 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 7 promoter promoter NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 8 variants variant NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 9 do do VBP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 10 not not RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 11 explain explain VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 12 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 13 hyperserotonemia hyperserotonemia NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 14 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 15 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 16 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 17 Latent latent NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 18 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 19 class class NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 20 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 21 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 22 recurrence recurrence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 23 risks risk NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 24 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 25 complex complex JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 26 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 27 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 28 selection selection NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 29 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 30 measurement measurement NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 31 error error NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 32 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 33 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 34 twin twin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 35 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 36 family family NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 37 history history NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 38 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 39 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 40 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 41 Genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 42 liability liability NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 43 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 44 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 45 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 46 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 47 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 48 expression expression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 49 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 50 relatives relative NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 51 Advancing advance VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 52 paternal paternal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 53 age age NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 54 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 55 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 56 Genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 57 studies study NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 58 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 59 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 60 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 61 From from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 62 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 63 1970s 1970 NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 64 into into IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 65 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 66 millennium millennium NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 67 Diagnostic Diagnostic NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 68 yield yield NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 69 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 70 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 71 clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 72 genetics genetics NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 73 evaluation evaluation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 74 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 75 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 76 spectrum spectrum NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 77 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 78 Genetics Genetics NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 79 evaluation evaluation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 80 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 81 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 82 etiologic etiologic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 83 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 84 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 85 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 86 spectrum spectrum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 87 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 88 Clinical clinical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 89 genetics genetics NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 90 evaluation evaluation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 91 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 92 identifying identify VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 93 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 94 etiology etiology NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 95 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 96 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 97 spectrum spectrum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 98 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 99 Evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 100 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 101 multiple multiple JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 102 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 103 from from IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 104 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 105 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 106 scan scan NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 107 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 108 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 109 kindreds kindreds NNPS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 110 Autism Autism NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 111 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 112 maternally maternally RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 113 derived derive VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 114 aberrations aberration NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 115 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 116 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 547 117 15q 15q NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 1 Strong Strong NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 2 association association NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 3 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 4 de de NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 5 novo novo NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 6 copy copy NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 7 number number NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 8 mutations mutation NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 9 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 10 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 11 Fine fine JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 12 mapping mapping NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 13 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 14 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 15 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 16 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 17 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 18 15q11-q13 15q11-q13 NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 19 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 20 use use NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 21 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 22 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 548 23 subtypes subtype NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 2 genomewide genomewide NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 3 scan scan NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 4 identifies identify VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 5 two two CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 6 novel novel JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 7 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 8 involved involve VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 9 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 10 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 11 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 12 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 13 Highly highly RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 14 significant significant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 15 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 16 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 17 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 18 SLI1 SLI1 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 19 locus locus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 20 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 21 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 22 expanded expand VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 23 sample sample NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 24 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 25 individuals individual NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 26 affected affect VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 27 by by IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 28 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 29 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 30 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 31 Genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 32 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 33 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 34 development development NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 35 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 36 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 37 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 38 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 39 High high JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 40 levels level NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 41 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 42 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 43 beta beta NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 44 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 45 amyloid amyloid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 46 precursor precursor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 47 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 49 APP app NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 51 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 52 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 53 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 54 severely severely RB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 55 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 56 behavior behavior NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 57 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 58 aggression aggression NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 59 Neuroimaging neuroimaging NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 60 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 61 autistic autistic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 62 spectrum spectrum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 549 63 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 550 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 550 2 ASD ASD NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 550 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 550 4 Brain Brain NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 550 5 structural structural JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 550 6 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 550 7 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 550 8 young young JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 550 9 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 550 10 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 550 11 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 550 12 spectrum spectrum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 550 13 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 551 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 551 2 twin twin JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 551 3 study study NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 551 4 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 551 5 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 551 6 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 551 7 Denmark Denmark NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 551 8 Language Language NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 551 9 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 551 10 impaired impair VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 551 11 preschoolers preschooler NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 551 12 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 1 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 2 followup followup NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 3 into into IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 4 adolescence adolescence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 5 Recessive recessive JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 6 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 7 focal focal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 8 epilepsy epilepsy NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 9 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 10 mutant mutant JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 11 contactin contactin NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 12 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 13 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 14 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 15 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 16 like like JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 17 2 2 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 18 Autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 19 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 20 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 21 quest quest NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 22 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 23 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 24 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 25 Mapping Mapping NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 26 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 27 risk risk NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 28 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 29 using use VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 30 genetic genetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 31 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 32 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 33 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 34 rearrangements rearrangement NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 35 Ethical ethical JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 36 implications implication NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 37 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 38 array array NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 39 comparative comparative JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 40 genomic genomic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 41 hybridization hybridization NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 42 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 43 complex complex JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 44 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 45 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 46 Points point NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 47 to to TO cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 48 consider consider VB cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 49 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 50 research research NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 51 Prevalence prevalence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 52 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 53 specific specific JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 54 language language NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 55 impairment impairment NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 56 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 57 kindergarten kindergarten NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 58 children child NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 59 Molecular molecular JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 60 genetics genetic NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 61 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 62 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 63 spectrum spectrum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 552 64 disorder disorder NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 2 RAY1 RAY1 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 3 / / SYM cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 4 ST7 st7 JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 5 tumor tumor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 6 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 7 suppressor suppressor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 8 locus locus NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 9 on on IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 10 chromosome chromosome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 11 7q31 7q31 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 12 represents represent VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 13 a a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 14 complex complex JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 15 multi multi JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 16 - - JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 17 transcript transcript JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 18 system system NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 19 Neurology Neurology NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 20 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 21 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 22 newborn newborn JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 23 Identification identification NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 24 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 25 novel novel JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 26 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 27 candidate candidate NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 28 regions region NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 29 through through IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 30 analysis analysis NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 31 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 32 reported reported JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 33 cytogenetic cytogenetic JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 34 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 35 associated associate VBN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 36 with with IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 553 37 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 554 1 The the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 554 2 search search NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 554 3 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 554 4 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 554 5 disease disease NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 554 6 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 2 supporting support VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 3 WNT2 WNT2 NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 4 as as IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 5 an an DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 6 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 7 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 8 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 9 A a DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 10 genome genome NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 11 - - HYPH cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 12 wide wide JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 13 linkage linkage NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 14 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 15 association association NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 16 scan scan NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 17 reveals reveal VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 18 novel novel JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 19 loci locus NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 20 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 21 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 22 FMRP FMRP NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 23 mediates mediate VBZ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 24 mGluR5-dependent mGluR5-dependent NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 25 translation translation NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 26 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 27 amyloid amyloid NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 28 precursor precursor NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 29 protein protein NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 30 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 31 of of IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 32 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 33 neuroligin neuroligin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 34 3 3 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 35 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 36 4 4 CD cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 37 genes gene NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 38 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 39 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 40 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 41 other other JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 42 neuropsychiatric neuropsychiatric JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 43 patients patient NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 44 Reelin Reelin NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 45 gene gene NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 46 alleles allele NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 47 and and CC cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 48 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 49 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 50 autism autism NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 51 spectrum spectrum NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 52 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 53 Postnatal postnatal JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 54 neurodevelopmental neurodevelopmental JJ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 55 disorders disorder NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 555 56 : : : cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 556 1 Meeting meet VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 556 2 at at IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 556 3 the the DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 556 4 synapse synapse NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 556 5 ? ? . cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 557 1 Science Science NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 557 2 Acknowledgment Acknowledgment NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 558 1 Thanks thank NNS cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 558 2 to to IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 558 3 Bryan Bryan NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 558 4 Maloney Maloney NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 558 5 , , , cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 558 6 M.S. M.S. NNP cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 558 7 for for IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 558 8 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 558 9 help help NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 558 10 in in IN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 558 11 editing edit VBG cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 558 12 this this DT cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 558 13 manuscript manuscript NN cord-015935-r2wd1yfa 558 14 . . .