id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt cord-258035-2tk7maqk DeFilippis, Victor Functional genomics in virology and antiviral drug discovery 2003-10-31 .txt text/plain 4769 255 39 Given that virus replication involves use and manipulation of multiple host proteins and molecular processes, cellular pathways related to transcription and translation, signal transduction, metabolism, host defense and cell cycle control are Review commonly altered in response to, or as a result of, infection with diverse virus types. A special case of virus modulation of host cell gene expression in which functional genomics will reveal novel targets and treatments is viral oncogenesis. The most recent method for analyzing gene inhibition studies has been RNAi or siRNA, where small 21 -23-nucleotide (nt) RNA duplexes interfere with the transcription program by directing degradation of homologous mRNA [34] [35] [36] [37] . Both new-generation antisense oligomers and siRNA can be used to knockdown expression of genes that were found by DNA microarrays to be upregulated in virally infected cells or organisms. RNA interference directed against viral and cellular targets inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication ./cache/cord-258035-2tk7maqk.txt ./txt/cord-258035-2tk7maqk.txt