id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-327442-e02y93f6	Kastritis, Efstathios	Systemic autoimmune diseases, anti-rheumatic therapies, COVID-19 infection risk and patient outcomes	2020-07-11		.txt	text/plain	4041	173	36	Thus far there is no convincing evidence that any disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (conventional synthetic, biologic or targeted synthetic) including hydroxychloroquine, may protect against severe COVID-19 infection; answers about their possible usefulness in the management of the cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-9 infection will only arise from ongoing randomized controlled trials. In such cases, a dysregulated immune response has been described, usually during the 2nd week of infection, characterized more often by T cell lymphopenia (both CD4 and CD8 cells) [5] , enhanced production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), IL-1 and G-CSF [5] [6] [7] 18] , decreased production of antiviral type I and III interferons [17] and T cell exhaustion [17] .This "hyperinflammatory state" which is being referred to as "cytokine storm" shares certain clinical (high fever), laboratory (increased C-reactive protein-CRP, ferritin, serum IL-6 and D-dimer levels) and immunological (macrophage and T cell activation) features with the macrophage activation syndrome or secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) seen in a subset of patients with infections (bacterial or viral), auto-immune or auto-inflammatory diseases (such as systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, adult Still's disease and systemic lupus erythematosus) and after CART cell therapy in patients with leukemia or lymphoma [19] [20] [21] .	./cache/cord-327442-e02y93f6.txt	./txt/cord-327442-e02y93f6.txt