id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-324875-04s0ysih	Honigsbaum, Mark	Introduction: microbes, networks, knowledge—disease ecology and emerging infectious diseases in time of COVID-19	2020-06-23		.txt	text/plain	4043	148	40	More than twenty years ago, historian of science and medicine Andrew Mendelsohn asked, "Where did the modern, ecological understanding of epidemic disease come from?" Moving beyond Mendelsohn's answer, this collection of new essays considers the global history of disease ecology in the past century and shows how epidemics and pandemics have made "microbes complex". Adding to the complexities about the multiple intellectual origins of this nonreductionist perspective, terms such as "virulence," "pathogen," and "infection" have been historically defined in different ways in biology and medicine, creating semantic confusion about the nature of biological processes in host-parasite interactions (Méthot and Dentinger 2016) . In so doing, it could not help but provoke deep philosophical questions about what the French bacteriologist Charles Nicolle (1930) termed the "birth, life and death of infectious diseases" and the waxing and waning of epidemics in different historical epochs (see Méthot 2019a, this issue) , and what the Rockefeller researcher René Dubos called the "symbiosis between humankind and earth" (see Honigsbaum 2017a, b) .	./cache/cord-324875-04s0ysih.txt	./txt/cord-324875-04s0ysih.txt