id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-300807-9u8idlon	Tong, Joo Chuan	7 Infectious disease informatics	2013-12-31		.txt	text/plain	2437	128	51	An effective way to identify amino acid residues that are involved in virus adaptation is to fi nd interdependencies between mutations in multiple proteins. A simple method to calculate the extent of adaptive evolution at highly variable genetic loci is to compare the fi xation rates between nonsynonymous (d N ) and synonymous (d S ) substitutions. The hemagglutinin gene from infl uenza A virus is probably one of the fastest evolving genes in terms of the rate of nucleotide substitution, which was estimated at 5.7×10 −3 per site per year. A method for detecting positive selection at single amino acid sites Molecular evolution of mRNA: a method for estimating evolutionary rates of synonymous and amino acid substitutions from homologous nucleotide sequences and its applications A maximum likelihood method for detecting directional evolution in protein sequences and its application to infl uenza A virus	./cache/cord-300807-9u8idlon.txt	./txt/cord-300807-9u8idlon.txt