id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-272147-itdx3wqi	White, Alexandre I R	Historical linkages: epidemic threat, economic risk, and xenophobia	2020-03-27		.txt	text/plain	1831	83	51	A historical understanding of the international regulations for containing the spread of infectious diseases reveals a particular focus on controls that have protected North American and European interests. The xenophobia that has occurred in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic can be situated in a longer history that dates back to 19th-century epidemics and the first international conventions on controlling the spread of infectious diseases. While quarantine, cordon sanitaire, and other social distancing practices date back to 14th-century Europe and earlier, by the 19th century the spread of epidemic diseases emerged as a problem that required an international, coordinated response. In the eyes of colonial health officials and the drafters of the first International Sanitary Conventions, the spread of cholera and plague was an economic, epidemic, and political risk to the long-term stability of the global economy. The heightened scrutiny and bias against non-Europeans who were blamed for spreading disease have historically resulted in aggressive racist and xenophobic responses carried out in the name of health controls.	./cache/cord-272147-itdx3wqi.txt	./txt/cord-272147-itdx3wqi.txt