# ent

id: cord-018328-t3ydu75l
type: ORG
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  the National People s Congress of the People s Republic of China Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction Disaster


id: cord-018328-t3ydu75l
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  A Publication of the United Nations International for Disaster Reduction Integrated Research on Disaster Risk Peril Classification


id: cord-018328-t3ydu75l
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Àu Â vt n n ð1 11Þ Then within t years the likelihood of no earthquake happening in this region is P 0 ð Þ ¼ e Àvt Â vt 0 0 ¼ e Àvt ð1 12Þ So the likelihood of at least one


id: cord-021721-80pp1ra4
type: ORG
entity:
  Headquarters Chemically Contaminated Patient Annex CCPA Hospital Emergency Operations Planning Guide Emergency


id: cord-021721-80pp1ra4
type: ORG
entity:
  The American Institute of Architects Academy of Architecture for Health Emergency Response Guidebook A Guidebook


id: cord-021721-80pp1ra4
type: ORG
entity:
  Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Surveillance Australia Victoria Guidelines for Design and Construction of Hospital and Health Care Facilities


id: cord-000964-ysyz3grd
type: PRODUCT
entity:
  Task Force on Quality Control of Disaster Management World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine


id: cord-016542-gia859eu
type: ORG
entity:
  American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health Task Force on Terrorism Psychosocial


id: cord-031879-6lx637rd
type: ORG
entity:
  International Sciences Council Disaster Risks Research and Assessment to Promote Risk Reduction and Management ICSU ISSC Encyclopaedia of Solid Earth Geophysics Preventive


id: cord-021701-yan5q2r7
type: ORG
entity:
  Transport and Communications of Mexico Department of Health and Human Services Metropolitan Medical Response System s Field Operation Guide Washington DC Department of Health and Human Services


id: cord-018237-5qfdqlpw
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  Advanced Disaster Life Support¾ Version 2 0 American Medical Basic Disaster Life Support¾ Version 2 0


id: cord-257917-4496gzdu
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Annual disaster statistical review World Health Organization WHO International Council


id: cord-018839-yfaji9cv
type: LAW
entity:
  the Act on the Prevention of Contagious Animal Diseases Enforcement Decree Article 2 Scope of Disasters Damage


id: cord-018839-yfaji9cv
type: LAW
entity:
  Article 2 of the Act on the Prevention of and Countermeasures Against Agricultural and Fishery Disasters Methods


id: cord-018839-yfaji9cv
type: PERSON
entity:
  the Minister of the Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning the Central Private Public Cooperative Committee


id: cord-018839-yfaji9cv
type: LAW
entity:
  Article 3 paragraph 2 of the National Government Organization Act and Article 2 of the Firefighting Organization Act


id: cord-018839-yfaji9cv
type: ORG
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  the Guidance for Accessing Specialist Flood Rescue Mutual Aid The Guidance for Accessing Specialist Flood Rescue Mutual Aid


id: cord-018839-yfaji9cv
type: DISEASE
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  terrorism sabotage cyber incident chemical attack biological attack or more Classification of disasters


id: cord-280488-lcmsg62r
type: ORG
entity:
  the Air Quality Is Unhealthy Due to Wildfire Smoke Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change


id: cord-280488-lcmsg62r
type: ORG
entity:
  the Assembly Floor Health Status Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization Patterns of Immigrant Black Men


id: cord-280488-lcmsg62r
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Streets How Conflict and Collaboration Strengthen the Environmental Justice Movement Indigenous Farmworker Study Califoria s


id: cord-280488-lcmsg62r
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Suffering in Silence A Report on the Health of California s Agricultural Workers Farmworker Housing Study and Action Plan for Salinas Valley


id: cord-271679-94h6rcih
type: ORG
entity:
  The World Health Organization Performance Assessment Tool for Quality Improvement in Hospitals PATH An Analysis


id: cord-271679-94h6rcih
type: ORG
entity:
  Biosurveillance A Review and Update Mass Casualty Incidents Organizational and Triage Management Issues Koenig


id: cord-274239-xuwoqy18
type: GGP
entity:
  matrix e 8 and 8 are computed Here and 8 show the sum of the rows and columns of matrix e Whilst k k 8


id: cord-274239-xuwoqy18
type: WORK_OF_ART
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  A Fuzzy Decision Making Model for the Key Performance Indicators of Hospital Service Quality Evaluation


id: cord-333209-f6xja3v2
type: ORG
entity:
  Disaster Nursing and Emergency Preparedness for Chemical Biological and Radiological Terrorism and Other Hazards Preparedness perceptions sociodemographic characteristics


id: cord-287032-ftkoxzz4
type: ORG
entity:
  Resilience National Research and Development Plan National Infrastructure Advisory Council Radiology in the


id: cord-287032-ftkoxzz4
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Terrifying Physics of how Wildfires Spread so Fast Radiologic Features of Injuries From the Boston Marathon Bombing


id: cord-287032-ftkoxzz4
type: LAW
entity:
  WHO Disasters and Emergencies World Health Organization 2019 Flooding and Communicable Disease Facts Sheet Environmental Health in Emergencies Planning


id: cord-018700-cvdne6ks
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  Chosun Ilbo published 207 articles Hankyoreh Newspaper published 197 articles and the Maeil Business News published 486


id: cord-018700-cvdne6ks
type: LAW
entity:
  the Special Act on Management of Disasters in Super Highrise Buildings and Complex Buildings with Underground Connections


id: cord-323769-2a8cbuh2
type: PRODUCT
entity:
  Economics of E c Competition Law Concepts Application and Measurement Conceptual and Empirical Advances


id: cord-336496-ib26nqjz
type: GGP
entity:
  Reg Sci Urban Econ DOI 10 1016 j regsciurbeco 2020 103581 sha d8242cdb172661b354d026d17196095720e4b7c0 doc_id 336496 cord_uid ib26nqjz


id: cord-024981-yfuuirnw
type: ORG
entity:
  Emergency Nurses Association Pediatric Committee American College of Emergency Physicians National Association of EMS Physicians Pediatric Equipment Guidelines Committee Emergency Medical Services for Children EMSC Partnership for Children Stakeholder Group Handbook


id: cord-024981-yfuuirnw
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Quantico VA Critical Incident Response Group CIRG National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime Perforation of


id: cord-024981-yfuuirnw
type: ORG
entity:
  Preparedness and Response Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority United States Department of Health and Human Services Office of the


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  the UN Development Assistance Framework The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Working Group


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  Regional Office for Africa Pan American Health Organization Regional Office for South East Asia Regional Office for Europe Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  the United Nations Development Fund for Women UNIFEM the International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  the Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and Advancement of Women OSAGI and the Division for the Advancement of Women


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN Organization of the Islamic Conference OIC Pan American Health Organization PAHO Applied Geoscience and Technology Division


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  the World Bank Group WBG International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Development Association


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  the International Development Association International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IBRD


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
type: ORG
entity:
  BSTDB Caribbean Development Bank CDB Council of Europe Development Bank COEB Development Bank of Southern Africa


id: cord-350430-hadtwybp
type: LAW
entity:
  the National Academies of Science Engineering and Medicine Committee on Best Practices to Assess Morbidity and Mortality


id: cord-350430-hadtwybp
type: ORG
entity:
  National Centers for Environmental Information Board on Health Sciences Policy Institute of Medicine Healthy Resilient and Sustainable Communities


id: cord-344832-0ah4w59o
type: EVENT
entity:
  Great East Japan Earthquake Social Media Communication During Disease Outbreaks Findings and Recommendations


id: cord-344832-0ah4w59o
type: FAC
entity:
  Understanding Communication Ecologies to Bridge Communication Research and Community Action Disaster


id: cord-344832-0ah4w59o
type: ORG
entity:
  Information Systems Frontiers Indigenous Institutions and Their Role in Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience Evidence


id: cord-344832-0ah4w59o
type: ORG
entity:
  Social Movements as Information Ecologies Exploring the Coevolution of Multiple Internet Technologies for Activism Crowdsourced


id: cord-344832-0ah4w59o
type: ORG
entity:
  a Dynamic Emergency Response Management Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application Social Media


id: cord-344832-0ah4w59o
type: ORG
entity:
  The Instructional Dynamic of Risk and Crisis Communication Distinguishing Instructional Messages from Dialogue Review of Communication Conceptualizing Crisis Communication


# bib

id: cord-000964-ysyz3grd
author: Kim, Soo Jin
date: 2013-05-02
txt: ./txt/cord-000964-ysyz3grd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-000964-ysyz3grd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3653076/
doi: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.5.658
summary:
  We calculated the nationwide incidence, as well as the crude mortality and injury incidence rates, of disasters and MCIs. The data were collected from the administrative database of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) and from provincial fire departments from January 2000 to December 2009. Disaster and MCI-related research in Korea has mostly focused on the establishment of a national disaster management system (12) , the role of disaster management agencies (13) , database (DB) building for disaster prevention (14) , and descriptive studies on post-disaster stress management (15) , post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (16) , hospital disaster (17) , incidents at mass gatherings and sporting events and building collapses (18, 19) . We aimed to calculate the incidence, mortality and overall rates of disasters and MCIs and to examine their relationship with population characteristics, using health-related indicators based on disaster/MCI database of NEMA to facilitate future compari-son of disasters and MCIs between domestic and foreign cases.

title:
  Incidence and Mortality Rates of Disasters and Mass Casualty Incidents in Korea: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study, 2000-2009

abstract:
  The objective of study was to evaluate the incidence and mortality rates of disasters and mass casualty incidents (MCIs) over the past 10 yr in the administrative system of Korea administrative system and to examine their relationship with population characteristics. This was a population-based cross-sectional study. We calculated the nationwide incidence, as well as the crude mortality and injury incidence rates, of disasters and MCIs. The data were collected from the administrative database of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) and from provincial fire departments from January 2000 to December 2009. A total of 47,169 events were collected from the NEMA administrative database. Of these events, 115 and 3,079 cases were defined as disasters and MCIs that occurred in Korea, respectively. The incidence of technical disasters/MCIs was approximately 12.7 times greater than that of natural disasters/MCIs. Over the past 10 yr, the crude mortality rates for disasters and MCIs were 2.36 deaths per 100,000 persons and 6.78 deaths per 100,000 persons, respectively. The crude injury incidence rates for disasters and MCIs were 25.47 injuries per 100,000 persons and 152 injuries per 100,000 persons, respectively. The incidence and mortality of disasters/MCIs in Korea seem to be low compared to that of trend around the world.


id: cord-001400-ie22xisg
title: Progress and challenges of disaster health management in China: a scoping review
author: Zhong, Shuang
date: 2014-09-10
txt: ./txt/cord-001400-ie22xisg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-001400-ie22xisg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4161949/
doi: 10.3402/gha.v7.24986
summary:
  However, there remain challenges that hinder effective health disaster responses, including low standards of disaster-resistant infrastructure safety, the lack of specific disaster plans, poor emergency coordination between hospitals, lack of portable diagnostic equipment and underdeveloped triage skills, surge capacity, and psychological interventions. Additional challenges include the fragmentation of the emergency health service system, a lack of specific legislation for emergencies, disparities in the distribution of funding, and inadequate cost-effective considerations for disaster rescue. The research inclusion criteria were: 1) journal articles, governmental and institutional reports written in English or Chinese in the past two decades; 2) studies comprising relevant evaluations of the status or description of the progress and challenges of disaster management (i.e. disaster prevention, preparedness, responsiveness, and recovery) of the healthcare system in China; and 3) other jurisdictions that had direct relevance to disaster health management in China (e.g. disaster healthcare management, disaster medical responses, emergency medical care, and emergency healthcare systems).

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Despite the importance of an effective health system response to various disasters, relevant research is still in its infancy, especially in middle- and low-income countries. OBJECTIVE: This paper provides an overview of the status of disaster health management in China, with its aim to promote the effectiveness of the health response for reducing disaster-related mortality and morbidity. DESIGN: A scoping review method was used to address the recent progress of and challenges to disaster health management in China. Major health electronic databases were searched to identify English and Chinese literature that were relevant to the research aims. RESULTS: The review found that since 2003 considerable progress has been achieved in the health disaster response system in China. However, there remain challenges that hinder effective health disaster responses, including low standards of disaster-resistant infrastructure safety, the lack of specific disaster plans, poor emergency coordination between hospitals, lack of portable diagnostic equipment and underdeveloped triage skills, surge capacity, and psychological interventions. Additional challenges include the fragmentation of the emergency health service system, a lack of specific legislation for emergencies, disparities in the distribution of funding, and inadequate cost-effective considerations for disaster rescue. CONCLUSIONS: One solution identified to address these challenges appears to be through corresponding policy strategies at multiple levels (e.g. community, hospital, and healthcare system level).


id: cord-016405-86kghmzf
author: Lai, Allen Yu-Hung
date: 2014-06-13
txt: ./txt/cord-016405-86kghmzf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016405-86kghmzf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120670/
doi: 10.1007/978-4-431-55022-8_15
summary:
  We use a case study to highlight the disaster impacts and insights drawn from Singapore''s risk management experience with specific references to the SARS epidemic. The implications from the SARS focus on four areas: staying vigilant at the community level, remaining flexible in a national command structure, the demand for surge capacity, and collaborative governance at regional level. To understand the principles and practices of Singapore''s approach to disaster risk management, we carry out an historical analysis of official documents obtained from the relevant Singapore government agencies as well as international organizations, literature reviews, quantitative analysis of economic impacts, qualitative interviews with key informants (e.g. public health professionals and decision-makers), and email communications with frontline managers from the public sector (e.g. the Singapore Civil Defense Force, the Communicable Disease Centre) and non-governmental organizations. Responding to the uncertainty of disease transmission, the Singapore government instituted many draconian public policies, such as social distancing, quarantine and isolation, as risk mitigating measures.

title:
  Impact of Disasters and Disaster Risk Management in Singapore: A Case Study of Singapore’s Experience in Fighting the SARS Epidemic

abstract:
  Singapore is vulnerable to both natural and man-made disasters alongside its remarkable economic growth. One of the most significant disasters in recent history was the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003. The SARS outbreak was eventually contained through a series of risk mitigating measures introduced by the Singapore government. This would not be possible without the engagement and responsiveness of the general public. This chapter begins with a description of Singapore’s historical disaster profiles, the policy and legal framework in the all-hazard management approach. We use a case study to highlight the disaster impacts and insights drawn from Singapore’s risk management experience with specific references to the SARS epidemic. The implications from the SARS focus on four areas: staying vigilant at the community level, remaining flexible in a national command structure, the demand for surge capacity, and collaborative governance at regional level. This chapter concludes with a presence of the flexible command structure on both the way and the extent it was utilized.


id: cord-016542-gia859eu
title: The Needs of Children in Natural or Manmade Disasters
author: Argent, A. C.
date: 2009-11-19
txt: ./txt/cord-016542-gia859eu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016542-gia859eu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120869/
doi: 10.1007/978-88-470-1436-7_32
summary:
  Particular insight into the needs of children and the availability of specific pediatric resources will be required by any team coordinating both planning for and response to any disaster in which significant numbers of children are involved [1, 14, 59, 60] . Mace and Bern [72] reviewed the capacity of disaster medical assistance teams in the USA to respond to pediatric emergencies and found major deficiencies in the training curriculum with pediatric topics such as trauma, disaster triage, burns, pain management, and mental health missing in 33, 36, 42, 42 , and 45% of the time, respectively. Appropriate disaster planning should include: measures to reduce the injury during possible disasters, organization of emergency and pre-hospital services to deal with emergencies, plans for utilization of health services and utilities such as hospitals and intensive care units, and contingency plans to provide accommodation and resources to support both the rescue efforts and the ongoing needs of displaced people

abstract:
  Disasters have been described as “events of sufficient scale, asset depletion, or numbers of victims to overwhelm medical resources” [1] or as “a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses that exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources” [2]. Importantly, that definition goes on to state: “A disaster is a function of the risk process. It results from the combination of hazards, conditions of vulnerability and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the potential negative consequences of risk.”


id: cord-017351-73hlwwdh
title: Studying Future Disasters and Crises: A Heuristic Approach
author: Quarantelli, E. L.
date: 2017-09-12
txt: ./txt/cord-017351-73hlwwdh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-017351-73hlwwdh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121892/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-63254-4_4
summary:
  The literature on crisis and disaster research suggests that we are at another important historical juncture with the emergence of a new distinctive class of disasters and crises not often seen before (Ansell, Boin, & Keller, 2010; Helsloot, Boin, Jacobs, & Comfort, 2012; Tierney, 2014) . In short, societies have continually evolved groups and procedures to try to prevent old and new risks and threats from escalating into disasters and crises. To answer this question, we considered what social science studies and reports had found about behavior in disasters and crises up to the present time. To suggest the importance of cross-societal and cross-cultural differences is simply to suggest that good social science research needs to take differences into account while at the same time searching for universal principles about disasters and crises. There are always new or emergent groups at times of major disasters and crises, but in transboundary events they appear at a much higher rate.

abstract:
  Over time, new types of crises and disasters have emerged. We argue that new types of adversity will continue to emerge. In this chapter, we offer a framework to study and interpret new forms of crises and disasters. This framework is informed by historical insights on societal interpretations of crises and disasters. We are particularly focused here on the rise of transboundary crises – those crises that traverse boundaries between countries and policy systems. We identify the characteristics of these transboundary disruptions, sketch a few scenarios and explore the societal vulnerabilities to this type of threat. We end by discussing some possible implications for planning and preparation practices.


id: cord-018237-5qfdqlpw
title: Catastrophic Anachronisms: The Past, Present and Future of Disaster Medicine
author: Rinnert, K. J.
date: 2006
txt: ./txt/cord-018237-5qfdqlpw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018237-5qfdqlpw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123065/
doi: 10.1007/3-540-33396-7_72
summary:
  Regardless of disaster events, on a daily basis, the great majority of healthcare facilities and emergency medical services (EMS) systems, even in prosperous Western nations, are overwhelmed in terms of emergency care capacity, be they government-based or private entities. Some key reasons for increases in the frequency, magnitude and impact of disasters (natural, unintentional and intentional) since the mid-20 th century z Exponential growth of human populations, concentrated in high-risk venues (e.g., shorelines, earthquake zones and prior uninhabited regions), particularly those externally dependent upon on others for sustenance (food supply chains), power resources and public health hygiene, making human populations increasingly vulnerable when infrastructures disrupted. In essence, there is a spiraling risk for catastrophic events involving multiple casualties and population-based medical morbidity, including proximal injury and illness and subsequent psychological and public health concerns (Table 1) . Even within hospitals, dealing with disaster management is generally administrative in nature (training, equipment, procedures, personnel) and consumes and diverts medical care professionals'' time and efforts from their day-to-day patient care activities.

abstract:
  There is a worldwide spiraling risk for more frequent catastrophic events involving multiple casualties, not only in terms of acute injury and illness, but also subsequent psychological and public health concerns. Today, such events will likely be multinational in nature, even when localized to a particular venue and this require international cooperation in terms of prevention, mitigation and relief. The best approach to preparing for disasters is to expand, modify and enhance current local ∖Jobname: S34055 Batch number: 00060 infrastructures and capabilities for managing the multiple types of disaster scenarios and create a number of inter-facility cooperative agreements in advance. Aside from safer internal locations for ICUs and surgical theaters, certain structural changes will need to be installed such as modified ventilation systems, protected water supplies, decontamination mechanisms and security renovations. A key strategy will be to proliferate interoperable, multi-disciplinary, all-hazards training initiatives such as the AMA National Disaster Life Support courses. Purchases of cadres of antidotes, antibiotics and hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers should be coordinated regionally, stored in secure locations and made readily-available for the applicable disaster scenario.


id: cord-018328-t3ydu75l
title: Hazards, Disasters, and Risks
author: Shi, Peijun
date: 2019-06-05
txt: ./txt/cord-018328-t3ydu75l.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018328-t3ydu75l.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123175/
doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-6689-5_1
summary:
  In contrast, the classification based on disaster-formative environment lays stress on the environmental basis of hazards, especially the distinctions among different spheres of the earth, and relatively ignores the causes. Natural disasters resulting from the abnormal or anomalous quantity, intensity, temporal and spatial distribution, and combination of meteorological and hydrological elements, causing adverse impacts on people''s lives and properties, industrial and agricultural production, and ecological environment 010100 Seismic and geological disasters Natural disasters resulting from the sudden energy release or violent mass transport in the lithosphere of the earth or long-term accumulative geological changes, causing damages to human lives and properties and ecological environment 020100 Generally, the classification indicators include the number of casualties, the amount of property loss, disaster-affected area, and hazard intensity. (2) Indicator system of statistical system of damages and losses of large-scale natural disasters in China From the angle of geoscientists, very large-scale disasters are usually defined according to the hazard intensity, casualties, property losses, and affected scope.

abstract:
  In this chapter, we will elaborate on three basic terms in the field of disaster risk science: hazards, disasters, and risks. We will also discuss the classification, indexes, temporal and spatial patterns, and some other fundamental scientific problems that are related to these three terms.


id: cord-018700-cvdne6ks
title: Disaster Response Policy Change in the Wake of Major Disasters, Labeled Focusing Events
author: Kim, Yong-kyun
date: 2017-07-11
txt: ./txt/cord-018700-cvdne6ks.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018700-cvdne6ks.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123650/
doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-4789-3_5
summary:
  In the meeting, the Ministry of Public Affairs reported that it would introduce a special disaster area announcement system to disaster management laws, establish a safety measures committee between the central and local government agencies, and authorize the local director to be the fire defense authority. President Kim Dae-joong directed flood damage measures at a ministerial level meeting for emergent flood damage control on the morning of September 1, 2002, before Typhoon Rusa disappeared near 130 km away from the Sokcho-si seacoast at 3:00 p.m. And, he announced plans to expand and initiate government support by designating special disaster areas on severely damaged regions through a speech on "disaster revised supplementary budget" on the eleventh.

abstract:
  Responding to the will of the people or the will of the government after a focusing event is complex and fraught with perils; this is none more so than after a major disaster that has brought on the sudden death of many people or the initial incalculable destruction of property or the environment. Korea has experienced several of these types of focusing events that have had major social and policy implications between the years 1948 and 2015. We analyzed them to glean their impact on disaster response policy, organizational and law reform, and first response and national countermeasures – and presented them in a clear and logical array so that the information could lead to a new type of disaster management model. Additionally, we look at how these focusing events altered the political, policy alternative and problem streams, as well as media coverage and policy change in the wake of the focusing event. And finally, we analyze disaster-triggered policy change in Korea to find out if the relation between the focusing event and institutional reforms for disaster response is path-dependent.


id: cord-018839-yfaji9cv
title: Disaster Theory
author: Kim, Yong-kyun
date: 2017-07-11
txt: ./txt/cord-018839-yfaji9cv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018839-yfaji9cv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123823/
doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-4789-3_2
abstract:
  To find a conclusive definition for contemporary purposes and uses, we look at many of the various definitions of disasters through cataclysmic events, historical records, public policies, laws, and organizational usage. Our natural progression leads us to modern theories of disaster and Disaster Risk Management (DRM) that have had to tackle new types of disasters that are being brought about by the interconnectivity of societies, people, diseases, technology, etc., increasing in magnitude and complexity like what was seen in Fukushima, Japan, in 2011 and on-setting disasters like climate change. After looking at all the historical evidence, we come to a definition for the term disaster for modern usage and what it means for policy implications.


id: cord-018937-5yo4rfml
title: Disaster Medicine
author: Bortolin, Michelangelo
date: 2015-04-18
txt: ./txt/cord-018937-5yo4rfml.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018937-5yo4rfml.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123951/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-16586-8_25
summary:
  Disaster is defi ned as any event that causes "a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources" [ 1 ] . The Incident Command System (ICS) provides a structure to enable agencies with different legal, jurisdictional, and functional responsibilities to coordinate, plan, and interact effectively on scene [ 11 ] . During a disaster, it is extremely important to establish a unifi ed command, because it enables all responsible agencies to manage and coordinate an incident together by establishing a common approach and a single IAP. It is defi ned as second incident caused by the terrorists, following the fi rst event, with the goal of striking the fi rst responders that are on scene.

abstract:
  Millions of people every day face disasters, for example, typhoons, terrorist attacks, earthquakes, famine, civil wars, explosions, and tornadoes. Disaster is defined as every event that causes serious disruption which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Disasters are usually categorized as natural or man-made and are described using a series of steps called the disaster cycle, defined in four phases: mitigation and prevention, preparedness and planning, response, and recovery. Disaster medicine is an emerging specialty that integrates the medical response to disaster with the systems of disaster management.


id: cord-021102-lqwyomxz
title: Current research, key performances and future development of search and rescue robots
author: Liu, Jinguo
date: 2007
txt: ./txt/cord-021102-lqwyomxz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-021102-lqwyomxz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149026/
doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0070-2
summary:
  According to current research, experiences and the lessons learned from applications, the five key performances of a search and rescue robot are survivability, mobility, sensing, communicability and operability. A new field and challenge in robotic research is how to effectively fuse the multidisciplinary knowledge such as robotic technology, rescue technology and disaster science, hence develop intelligent robots for the search and rescue operations. In recent years, especially after the 9.11 attack, many countries in the world began to develop various anti-explosive/ anti-terrorism robots as well as search and rescue robots for disaster protections and relief in the sight of their national security strategies. According to the exiting research of search and rescue robots in the world and the experiences and lessons learned in their application in the 9.11 attack, the most key performances required for a search and rescue robot are survivability, mobility, sensor, communication and operation [11, 22, [24] [25] [26] .

abstract:
  Frequent natural disasters and man-made catastrophes have threatened the safety of citizens and have attracted much more attention. The rescue mission under disaster environment is very complicated and dangerous for a rescue team. Search and rescue (SAR) robots can not only improve the efficiency of rescue operations but also reduce the casualty of rescuers. Robots can help rescue teams and even replace rescuers to perform dangerous missions. Search and rescue robots will play a more and more important role in the rescue operations. A survey of the research status of search and rescue robots in Japan, USA, China and other countries has been provided. According to current research, experiences and the lessons learned from applications, the five key performances of a search and rescue robot are survivability, mobility, sensing, communicability and operability. Multi-technique fusion and multi-agent intelligent network are considered to be requirements for the future development of the search and rescue robot. Disaster prevention, disaster reduction and disaster rescue are the important parts of national public safety. They are also crucial for the safety of citizens and their estates. Search and rescue robotic technique is an urgent needed, strategic and core technique for national development. It will be important and strategic for national economy and safety.


id: cord-021701-yan5q2r7
title: Emergency Department Design
author: Woolard, Robert H.
date: 2009-05-15
txt: ./txt/cord-021701-yan5q2r7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-021701-yan5q2r7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151892/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-03253-7.50074-1
abstract: nan
summary:
  In the aftermath of recent terror events and subsequent disaster planning, hospital architects have begun to design EDs to better meet the needs anticipated from a terror attack. The technology needed to respond to a terrorist event, such as personal protective equipment (PPE), is becoming more widely available and is stored where easily available in EDs. Although mass decontamination can occur close to the disaster scene, EDs are gearing up to decontaminate, isolate, and treat individuals or groups contaminated with biologic or chemical materials. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Sensor technology is an area of active research that continues to yield new solutions that are being incorporated into EDs. In concept, all entrances could be designed to identify persons using scanning to detect unwanted chemicals,biologic agents,or explosives and to detain and decontaminate as needed. Overflow patients in hallways and adjacent spaces can be managed with mobile computing, which is available in many EDs. Wireless handheld devices can facilitate preparation for disasters and allow immediate access to information by providers in hallways and decontamination spaces.


id: cord-021721-80pp1ra4
title: Emergency Department Design
author: Woolard, Robert H.
date: 2015-10-23
txt: ./txt/cord-021721-80pp1ra4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-021721-80pp1ra4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151923/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-28665-7.00021-2
abstract: nan
summary:
  The Boston Marathon Bombing event illustrated the need to provide emergency and surgical care to mass casualties, requiring coordination of response between hospitals and enhanced field rescue efforts to meet high volume demands over a short time period. However, loss of facilities or needs for quarantine of exposed and ill patients during bioterror events and epidemics may create shelter needs proximate to EDs. ED design and response capability after 9/11 became a larger concern for public disaster planners, the federal government, and hospital architects. Overflow patients in hallways and adjacent spaces can be managed with mobile computing, which is available in many EDs. Wireless handheld devices can facilitate preparation for disasters and allow immediate access to information by providers in hallways and decontamination spaces.


id: cord-021980-ddau5fu3
title: Introduction to Disaster Medicine
author: Ciottone, Gregory R.
date: 2015-10-23
txt: ./txt/cord-021980-ddau5fu3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-021980-ddau5fu3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152296/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-28665-7.00001-7
abstract: nan
summary:
  To respond properly and efficiently to disasters, all health care personnel should have a fundamental understanding of the principles of disaster medicine (which incorporates emergency management in its practice) and what their particular role would be in the response to the many different types of disasters. One need only to remember the destruction in terms of both human life and community resources caused by the Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami of 2004, the Haiti Earthquake in 2010, or the earthquake, tsunami, and radiation disaster in Japan in 2011 to understand the need for preparedness and response to such natural events. The realization that disaster can strike without warning and inflict casualties on the order of the 2004, 2010, and 2011 earthquakes and tsunamis, despite our many technological advances, serves as a warning that mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery to natural disaster must continue to be studied and practiced vigorously.


id: cord-022076-zpn2h9mt
title: The Role of Hospitals in Disaster
author: Chaffee, Mary W.
date: 2009-05-15
txt: ./txt/cord-022076-zpn2h9mt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022076-zpn2h9mt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152438/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-03253-7.50012-1
abstract: nan
summary:
  An effective hospital emergency management program guides the development and execution of activities that mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from incidents that disrupt the normal provision of care. • Imagine the unimaginable: When flood waters rise in a community, when a tornado touches down and demolishes an elementary school, when a disgruntled hospital employee opens fire with an automatic weapon in the emergency department, when a passing train derails and spills toxic chemicals, or when a wildfire closes in, it is too late to update an old plan, train staff to respond effectively, check phone numbers, and stock disaster supplies. A comprehensive hospital emergency management program must address a number of critical elements to adequately protect patients and staff and permit the facility to continue to operate. 18 Hospitals must plan for providing mental health services to disaster victims but must also consider the needs-acute and long-term-of the hospital staff who attempt to respond to an overwhelming event.


id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
title: Participants – Multilateral Organizations and International Financial Institutions
author: Coppola, Damon P.
date: 2015-02-06
txt: ./txt/cord-022736-38q8jbcl.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022736-38q8jbcl.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161383/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801477-6.00010-1
summary:
  • Incorporating long-term risk reduction and preparedness measures in normal development planning and programs, including support for specific mitigation measures where required; • Assisting in the planning and implementation of post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction, including defining new development strategies that incorporate risk-reduction measures relevant to the affected area; • Reviewing the impact of large settlements of refugees or displaced persons on development, and seeking ways to incorporate the refugees and displaced persons in development strategies; • Providing technical assistance to the authorities managing major emergency assistance operations of extended duration (especially in relation to displaced persons and the possibilities for achieving durable solutions in such cases).

abstract:
  Multilateral organizations are composed of sovereign governments. They may be regional, organized around a common issue or function, or global. International financial institutions (IFIs) are international banks composed of sovereign member states that use public money from the Member States to provide technical and financial support for developing countries. The United Nations is the organization most involved in the mitigation of, preparedness for, response to, and recovery from disasters around the world. It is considered the best equipped to do so because of its strong relationships with most countries, especially the developing countries where assistance is most needed. When disasters strike, the UN is one of the first organizations to mobilize, and it remains in the affected countries during the recovery period for many years after. The Consolidated Appeal Process is one way the UN garners international support for relief and reconstruction. In many regions, governments have formed smaller international organizations, many of which address risk, as well. The IFIs provide nations with low capital reserves funding in the aftermath of disasters recovery reconstruction. The World Bank is regarded as one of the largest sources of development assistance.


id: cord-024981-yfuuirnw
title: Types of Disasters
author: Severin, Paul N.
date: 2020-05-14
txt: ./txt/cord-024981-yfuuirnw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-024981-yfuuirnw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7235629/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-43428-1_5
summary:
  The World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization define a disaster as "an event that occurs in most cases suddenly and unexpectedly, causing severe disturbances to people or objects affected by it, resulting in the loss of life and harm to the health of the population, the destruction or loss of community property, and/or severe damage to the environment. After the events of 9/11, much attention has been given to the possibility of another mass casualty act of terrorism, especially with weapons of mass destruction, that include chemical, biological, nuclear, radiological, and explosive devices (CBNRE), or other forms of violence such as active shooter incidents and mass shootings (Jacobson and Severin 2012) . Antidote therapy should be given as usual for nerve agents, including atropine, diazepam, and pralidoxime chloride (United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, National Library of Medicine 2019; United States Department of Health and Human Services, Chemical Hazards Emergency Medical Management (CHEMM) 2019).

abstract:
  Disasters are increasing around the world. Children are greatly impacted by both natural disasters (forces of nature) and man-made (intentional, accidental) disasters. Their unique anatomical, physiological, behavioral, developmental, and psychological vulnerabilities must be considered when planning and preparing for disasters. The nurse or health care provider (HCP) must be able to rapidly identify acutely ill children during a disaster. Whether it is during a natural or man-made event, the nurse or HCP must intervene effectively to improve survival and outcomes. It is extremely vital to understand the medical management of these children during disasters, especially the use of appropriate medical countermeasures such as medications, antidotes, supplies, and equipment.


id: cord-029841-pyehjw8q
title: Special issue on Accounting, disasters and the government of biosecurity
author: Sargiacomo, Massimo
date: 2020-07-28
txt: ./txt/cord-029841-pyehjw8q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-029841-pyehjw8q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7386848/
doi: 10.1016/j.cpa.2020.102206
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Special issue on Accounting, disasters and the government of biosecurity In terms of ''''natural" disasters, accounting researchers have considered earthquakes (Sargiacomo et al, 2014; Sargiacomo, 2015) , hurricanes (Baker, 2014; Perkiss & Moerman, 2020) , drought (Walker, 2014) , floods (Lai, Leoni, & Stacchezzini, 2014) and bushfires (Taylor, Tharapos, Khan, & Sidaway, 2014) . Given this, in making this call for papers, it is our intention to create space for research that considers the role accounting plays, or might play, in both the local and international efforts of governments, corporations, and non-governmental organizations as they respond to a wide range of disasters and risks (Power, 2016) . Amongst other things, we are interested in the construction, representation and calculation of security risks through maps, tables, accounting and calculations (Collier, 2008; Lentzos & Rose, 2009; Miller, 1998) , the shape of these practices once a ''''national state of emergency" has been declared (Agamben, 2005) , and the ''''technologies of government" (Miller The intersection of disaster governance, hybrid organizations and accounting.


id: cord-031696-gcduh13u
author: Katsikopoulos, Panagiotis V.
date: 2020-09-10
txt: ./txt/cord-031696-gcduh13u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031696-gcduh13u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7481542/
doi: 10.1007/s11299-020-00254-0
summary:
  Civil Protection and disaster risk specific agencies legally responsible to enhance individual and community resilience, still utilize in their risk and crisis communication efforts, the "deficit model" even though its basic assumption and approach have been criticized. Despite the importance of preparation, the current covid-19 crisis indicates that high levels of adaptive resilience can be displayed even in the absence of any risk communication effort beforehand by utilizing a pre-existing collective understanding of the system situation. The risk and crisis communication mandate rests predominantly on Civil Protection Authorities and disaster risk specific agencies (e.g. responsible for earthquakes, floods, public health, etc.) at central, regional, and local level. In conjunction with individual disaster preparedness surveys that could help identify barriers and possible triggers for its enhancement, they can provide paths to research that could offer some interesting and useful insights for effective risk and crisis communication.

title:
  Individual and community resilience in natural disaster risks and pandemics (covid-19): risk and crisis communication

abstract:
  Civil Protection and disaster risk specific agencies legally responsible to enhance individual and community resilience, still utilize in their risk and crisis communication efforts, the “deficit model” even though its basic assumption and approach have been criticized. Recent studies indicate that information seeking behavior is not necessarily a measure of enhanced individual preparedness. A qualitative change from “blindly” following directions to practicing emergency planning and becoming your own disaster risk manager is required. For pandemics, the challenge is even more complicated due to their unique characteristics. Community based exercises (CBEx), a framework concept encompassing a variety of interactive activities, have recently started being utilized to develop resilience amongst citizens. Existing models of resilience can pinpoint to the required knowledge, skills and attitude. Research in the factors influencing behavioral change could offer new understanding of the interplay between cognitive and demographic drivers/factors of resilience. Such knowledge could be utilized for setting targeted objectives, developing appropriate activities and the corresponding training for the CBEx facilitators. Despite the importance of preparation, the current covid-19 crisis indicates that high levels of adaptive resilience can be displayed even in the absence of any risk communication effort beforehand by utilizing a pre-existing collective understanding of the system situation.


id: cord-031879-6lx637rd
title: Science for Earthquake Risk Reduction
author: Ismail-Zadeh, Alik
date: 2020-09-15
txt: ./txt/cord-031879-6lx637rd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031879-6lx637rd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7490207/
doi: 10.1007/s12594-020-1540-y
abstract: nan
summary:
  Seismic hazard assessments provide an information on strong ground motions due to potential earthquakes combining the knowledge on seismological, tectonic, geomorphological, and geological features and modelling results. Although a seismic hazard assessment identifies a spatial distribution of strong ground motions and predicts the exceedance of a certain level of ground motions for a certain period of time with a prescribed probability, it does not answer an important questions required for disaster risk management: when does a big earthquake occur? Meanwhile, even current level of earthquake prediction capacity can be useful for seismic risk assessment and disaster preparedness (Davis, 2012) . Disaster risk is associated with a potential loss of life, injury, damaged assets, which could occur to a community/ society in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of four indicators: hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity (UNGA, 2016).


id: cord-035289-m3uvh8zn
title: Heritage Community Resilience: towards new approaches for urban resilience and sustainability
author: Fabbricatti, Katia
date: 2020-11-11
txt: ./txt/cord-035289-m3uvh8zn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-035289-m3uvh8zn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7656517/
doi: 10.1186/s40410-020-00126-7
summary:
  In the Hangzhou Declaration, Placing Culture at the Heart of Sustainable Development Policies, "the appropriate conservation of the historic environment, including cultural landscapes, and the safeguarding of relevant traditional knowledge, values and practices, in synergy with other scientific knowledge, enhances the resilience of communities to disasters and climate change" (UNESCO 2013, action 6). On these bases, this paper aims to identify the critical actors and variables, strategies and governance mechanisms that influence Heritage Community Resilience, in a self-sustaining circuit in which Heritage Community care actions can reduce the vulnerability of cultural heritage and community, and at the same time increase its capacity to prevent, cope with and recover from disturbances and/or disasters.

abstract:
  The value of cultural heritage and its transmission for “making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” is an integral part of the UN Agenda 2030 and the new international policy for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. Nonetheless, the role of culture for these important challenges is an issue that current scientific literature on resilience has not yet sufficiently investigated. Starting from the concept of Heritage Community, elaborated in the Council of Europe's Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society (Framework convention on the value of cultural heritage for society, 2005), along with the hypothesis of its role for Community Resilience, this study elaborates a conceptual framework in which “Heritage Community Resilience” is defined. It is both a target and a process in which cultural heritage supports the building of a community able to prevent, cope with and recover from disturbances and/ or disasters. Through a survey of several case studies on heritage-driven practices in Italian inner peripheral areas, the research aims to define the specific characteristics of Heritage Community Resilience as well as identify any critical actors and variables, strategies and governance mechanisms, which influence both Heritage Community and Community Resilience. It predicts the challenges and highlights the potential that culture and heritage can develop for Community Resilience, towards further perspectives of resilient circular city.


id: cord-257917-4496gzdu
author: Liou, Shwu-Ru
date: 2020-02-25
txt: ./txt/cord-257917-4496gzdu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-257917-4496gzdu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32363142/
doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101545
summary:
  The purposes of the study were to determine the predictive relationships between Taiwanese nurses'' disaster competence, anticipatory disaster stress, and motivation for disaster engagement. Therefore, the purposes of the study were to determine the level of and relationships between Taiwanese nurses'' disaster competence, anticipatory disaster stress, and motivation for disaster engagement. In this study, individual differences are defined as a nurse''s personal characteristics that may influence their preparedness and motivation to engage in disaster events, such as gender, age, seniority in the hospital, educational level, hospital type, work unit, and job title. This study aimed to explore the relationships between disaster competence, anticipatory disaster stress, and motivation for disaster engagement among hospital nurses in Taiwan. The study found that even though hospitals held disaster courses and trainings every year, nurses had a worryingly low level of disaster competence, which correlated with their low motivation to participate in disaster rescue.

title:
  Relationships between disaster nursing competence, anticipatory disaster stress and motivation for disaster engagement

abstract:
  Nurses are the largest group of healthcare providers and are often the first line responders to a disaster event. Nurses' disaster competence, motivation for disaster engagement, and factors that impact their motivation to respond to disaster events need to be understood. The purposes of the study were to determine the predictive relationships between Taiwanese nurses' disaster competence, anticipatory disaster stress, and motivation for disaster engagement. A cross-sectional design was used to analyze data collected between August 2017 and December 2017 from eight hospitals in southern Taiwan. Ninety participants who met the recruitment criteria completed and returned questionnaires with an 88.24% response rate. Data collection involved administering the Disaster Nursing Competence Questionnaire, Anticipatory Disaster Stress Questionnaire, and the Motivation of Disaster Engagement Questionnaire. The results indicated that anticipatory disaster stress was positively correlated with disaster competence and motivation for disaster engagement. Disaster competence and willingness to join a hospital disaster rescue predicts an individuals' motivation for disaster engagement. The results of the study add to the understanding of factors that correlate with nurses' motivation to participate in disaster events. By understanding these factors, the government and healthcare administrators can design disaster education plans and other strategies to improve Taiwanese nurses’ motivation to engage in disaster events.


id: cord-259672-qdrcb2ce
title: Exploring disaster resilience within the hotel sector: A systematic review of literature
author: Brown, Nancy A.
date: 2017-02-06
txt: ./txt/cord-259672-qdrcb2ce.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-259672-qdrcb2ce.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420916307841
doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.02.005
summary:
  A cross-disciplinary lens may provide an opportunity to identify connections between the hotel sector''s needs (ensuring safety and security of guests and staff as well as remaining operational and profitable) and disaster resilience building. The most prevalent definitions adopted by authors of tourism sector research has been Faulkner''s [24] concept that crises often have a component that could have been controlled by the group being affected (e.g. management failing to react to events in a way that minimizes effects), while disasters occur suddenly and the actual trigger event is out of the control of those affected (e.g. an earthquake hitting a populated area). reviews definitions of community resilience and finds "…they refer to "community" as a large social group…" While an imminent and potentially disastrous event can pose incredible challenges for a hotel operation, disaster preparedness and resilience building can mitigate the consequences [39] .

abstract:
  Within the tourism industry, the hotel sector's vulnerabilities are multi-faceted. This literature discussion scrutinizes how disaster and resilience is framed for the tourism sector, and, more specifically, how the concepts can be applied to the hotel sector. A synthesis of the literature points to the importance of prioritizing disaster resilience building for the hotel sector. The body of literature regarding disasters, tourism, and more specifically hotels, has increased over the last 20 years, still improvements in the hotel sector's disaster preparedness and do not appear to be on the same trajectory. Illustrating the predicament of the contemporary hotel industry serves to open a discussion about the value of building resiliency to disaster for hotels. As the numbers of people affected by disasters grows, the importance of providing actionable information to limit the severity of these events on communities also escalates in pace.


id: cord-260586-ry0roidc
author: Felsenstein, Daniel
date: 2020-09-10
txt: ./txt/cord-260586-ry0roidc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-260586-ry0roidc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32929398/
doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101842
summary:
  authors: Felsenstein, Daniel; Shmueli, Deborah F.; Thomas, Deborah S.K. title: Introduction to the Special Issue: Cascading Effects in Disaster Risk Management Cascades Mapping the Multi-Disciplinary Landscape in a Post-Pandemic World The cascading nature of disasters poses significant challenges to risk management emerging from the interconnectivity of natural, economic, and social systems that amplifies effects. For example, if an earthquake causes flooding, it is generally accepted that the cascading effect of these two disasters is a non-linear and exponential outcome far removed from the magnitude of the original shock (Pescaroli and Alexander 2015) . They assess multiple incidents occurring across different scales, jurisdictions, and critical infrastructures, and address the lack of systematic collection of evidence essential for understanding how various risk factors, including hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities differentially contribute to diverse disaster events. Ironically, the COVID-19 crisis has not seen critical infrastructure collapse in those networks generally at risk in the case of natural hazard cascades such as airports, highways, dams and water defenses.

title:
  Introduction to the Special Issue: Cascading Effects in Disaster Risk Management Cascades - Mapping the Multi-Disciplinary Landscape in a Post-Pandemic World

abstract:
  This paper introduces the Special Issue on Cascading Effects in Disaster Risk Management. It reviews the contributions and highlights their multi-disciplinary interpretations of cascades. It proceeds to discuss whether the on-going unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the cascades metaphor.


id: cord-262876-civfvk45
author: Su, Tong
date: 2013-06-24
txt: ./txt/cord-262876-civfvk45.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-262876-civfvk45.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067041
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067041
summary:
  title: Knowledge Levels and Training Needs of Disaster Medicine among Health Professionals, Medical Students, and Local Residents in Shanghai, China Continuing medical education and public education plans on disaster medicine via media should be practice-oriented, and selectively applied to different populations and take the knowledge levels and training needs into consideration. Three groups of participants in Shanghai, China, were enrolled in this cross-sectional epidemiological study: health professionals, medical students, and community residents. Moreover, the knowledge level was also significantly different among clinicians, public health physicians, nurses, and medical technicians, especially in correctly answering 5 questions (Table S2) . Figure 3 presents the key contents concerning disaster medicine training prioritized by health professionals, medical students, and community residents. Figure 4 presents the most interested contents of disaster medicine training prioritized by health professionals, medical students, and community residents. In this study, we evaluated the current knowledge levels and training needs of disaster medicine among health professionals, medical students, and community residents in Shanghai, China.

title:
  Knowledge Levels and Training Needs of Disaster Medicine among Health Professionals, Medical Students, and Local Residents in Shanghai, China

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Disaster is a serious public health issue. Health professionals and community residents are main players in disaster responses but their knowledge levels of disaster medicine are not readily available. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge levels and training needs of disaster medicine among potential disaster responders and presented a necessity to popularize disaster medicine education. METHODS: A self-reporting questionnaire survey on knowledge level and training needs of disaster medicine was conducted in Shanghai, China, in 2012. A total of randomly selected 547 health professionals, 456 medical students, and 1,526 local residents provided intact information. The total response rate was 93.7%. RESULTS: Overall, 1.3% of these participants have received systematic disaster medicine training. News media (87.1%) was the most common channel to acquire disaster medicine knowledge. Although health professionals were more knowledgeable than community residents, their knowledge structure of disaster medicine was not intact. Medical teachers were more knowledgeable than medical practitioners and health administrators (p = 0.002). Clinicians performed better than public health physicians (p<0.001), whereas public health students performed better than clinical medical students (p<0.001). In community residents, education background significantly affected the knowledge level on disaster medicine (p<0.001). Training needs of disaster medicine were generally high among the surveyed. ‘Lecture’ and ‘practical training’ were preferred teaching methods. The selected key and interested contents on disaster medicine training were similar between health professionals and medical students, while the priorities chosen by local residents were quite different from health professionals and medical students (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Traditional clinical-oriented medical education might lead to a huge gap between the knowledge level on disaster medicine and the current needs of disaster preparedness. Continuing medical education and public education plans on disaster medicine via media should be practice-oriented, and selectively applied to different populations and take the knowledge levels and training needs into consideration.


id: cord-269703-d3yv9mcl
title: PTSD and bipolar II disorder in Fukushima disaster relief workers after the 2011 nuclear accident
author: Hori, Arinobu
date: 2020-09-17
txt: ./txt/cord-269703-d3yv9mcl.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-269703-d3yv9mcl.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-236725
doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236725
summary:
  The complex and harsh experience provoked a hypomanic response such as elated feelings with increased energy, decreased need for sleep and an increase in goal-directed activity, which allowed him to continue working, even though he was adversely affected by the disaster. Thereafter, we considered the characteristics of mental health problems that emerge in disaster-relief workers, a long time after the disaster, and the conditions and treatments necessary for recovery. Thereafter, we considered the characteristics of mental health problems that emerge in disaster-relief workers, a long time after the disaster, and the conditions and treatments necessary for recovery. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression significantly impair the social functioning of those affected and are often recognised as the most visible mental health effects on survivors, as was the case with the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) of 2011. The GEJE, which was followed by the nuclear accidents, left the affected areas severely damaged and required the victims to contribute as disaster-relief workers for a long period.

abstract:
  The global threat posed by the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to accurately identify the immediate and long-term postdisaster impacts on disaster-relief workers. We examined the case of a local government employee suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and bipolar II disorder following the Great East Japan Earthquake. The complex and harsh experience provoked a hypomanic response such as elated feelings with increased energy, decreased need for sleep and an increase in goal-directed activity, which allowed him to continue working, even though he was adversely affected by the disaster. However, 3.5 years later, when he suffered further psychological damage, his PTSD symptoms became evident. In addition to treating mood disorders, trauma-focused psychotherapy was required for his recovery. Thereafter, we considered the characteristics of mental health problems that emerge in disaster-relief workers, a long time after the disaster, and the conditions and treatments necessary for recovery.


id: cord-270673-apr9oyqa
title: The effects of natural disasters on international tourism: A global analysis
author: Rosselló, Jaume
date: 2020-02-01
txt: ./txt/cord-270673-apr9oyqa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-270673-apr9oyqa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517720300066
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104080
summary:
  Natural disasters and unexpected events are prime examples of such determining factors, as they have profound effects on individuals and society, and as a result have the potential to affect tourism flows considerably. To address this gap, this paper incorporates a dataset on natural and man-made disaster events into a model of international tourism flows to evaluate the effect of different types of disasters on international arrivals at the national level. A gravity model for international tourism flows is defined to quantify the effects of different disaster events on international tourist arrivals to the affected country. This research develops a gravity model for international tourism flows to quantify the effects of different types of natural and man-made disasters on tourist arrivals to the affected countries. The empirical research presented in this paper draws on two sets of data to explore in depth the relationship between international tourist arrivals and global disasters, measured through three different impact metrics (costs, deaths and affected people).

abstract:
  Tourism is shaped by a wide range of factors and forces, including exogenous ones that have no direct link with the tourism sector. Natural disasters and unexpected events are prime examples of such determining factors, as they have profound effects on individuals and society, and as a result have the potential to affect tourism flows considerably. Several theoretical arguments exist why natural disasters and unexpected events could influence tourist destination choices. However, empirical research to confirm the nature and extent of impacts of disasters on tourism is lacking. To address this gap, this paper incorporates a dataset on natural and man-made disaster events into a model of international tourism flows to evaluate the effect of different types of disasters on international arrivals at the national level. Findings provide evidence that the occurrence of different types of event change tourist flows to varying degrees. Although in some cases a positive effect is estimated, in general the impacts are negative, resulting in reduced tourist arrivals following an event. Understanding the relationship between disaster events and tourism is helpful for destination managers who make critical decisions in relation to recovery, reconstruction and marketing.


id: cord-270750-1eehtxin
author: Rebmann, Terri
date: 2007-08-31
txt: ./txt/cord-270750-1eehtxin.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-270750-1eehtxin.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0196655306012363
doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.09.002
summary:
  Methods Focus groups were conducted at the APIC 2006 Conference to evaluate ICPs'' perceived needs related to disaster planning topics, products they feel are needed for education and reference materials, and lessons learned from past disasters. Other important topics on which ICPs need to be trained include surge capacity, employee health and safety, incident command system, educating responders and the public on disaster preparedness, addressing changing standards/recommendations, and partnering with public health. and there were outbreaks of diarrhea [in the shelters].'''' ''''When they set up these shelters, they really don''t have any idea about what they''re going to do for hundreds and hundreds of people [to accommodate] handwashing and [provide] restroom facilities.'''' Focus group participants listed some specific infection control issues that must be addressed in shelters, such as overcrowding, foodborne illness, lack of restroom facilities, inadequate environmental cleaning procedures and products, difficulty assessing disease outbreaks in shelters, inability to isolate potentially contagious patients, and too few hand hygiene supplies.

title:
  Disaster preparedness lessons learned and future directions for education: Results from focus groups conducted at the 2006 APIC Conference

abstract:
  Background Infection control professionals (ICP) who have experienced disaster response have not been assessed in terms of the lessons they have learned, gaps they perceive in disaster preparedness, and their perceived priorities for future emergency response training. Methods Focus groups were conducted at the APIC 2006 Conference to evaluate ICPs' perceived needs related to disaster planning topics, products they feel are needed for education and reference materials, and lessons learned from past disasters. Results ICPs' role in disaster preparedness and response is essential, even in noninfectious disease emergencies. Infection control issues in shelters, such as overcrowding, foodborne illness, lack of restroom facilities, inadequate environmental cleaning procedures and products, difficulty assessing disease outbreaks in shelters, inability to isolate potentially contagious patients, and too few hand hygiene supplies can contribute to secondary disease transmission. Other important topics on which ICPs need to be trained include surge capacity, employee health and safety, incident command system, educating responders and the public on disaster preparedness, addressing changing standards/recommendations, and partnering with public health. ICPs need quick reference materials, such as checklists, templates, tool kits, and algorithms to better equip them for disaster response. Conclusion Infection control must continue to partner with public health and other responding agencies to address gaps in disaster planning.


id: cord-271679-94h6rcih
title: Factors affecting hospital response in biological disasters: A qualitative study
author: Sharififar, Simintaj
date: 2020-03-16
txt: ./txt/cord-271679-94h6rcih.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-271679-94h6rcih.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.34171/mjiri.34.21
doi: 10.34171/mjiri.34.21
summary:
  Results: After analyzing 12 interviews, extraction resulted in 76 common codes, 28 subcategories, and 8 categories, which are as follow: detection; treatment and infection control; coordination, Resources; training and exercises; communication and information system; construction; and planning and assessment. The common codes derived from these subcategories are as follow: the ability to control infections during deliberate or natural biological outbreaks; the availability of preventive drugs at a predetermined time during an epidemic of communicable diseases; appropriate vaccination of people at risk; and the safety of hospitalized or outpatients patients in the outbreak of infectious diseases; and waste management. In this qualitative study, which was done using content analysis, the effective factors for hospital performance in biological emergencies in IR of Iran were identified as follow: diagnosis; treatment and control of infection; resources; coordination; training and practice; communication and information systems; construction; and planning and assessment.

abstract:
  Background: The fatal pandemics of infectious diseases and the possibility of using microorganisms as biological weapons are both rising worldwide. Hospitals are vital organizations in response to biological disasters and have a crucial role in the treatment of patients. Despite the advances in studies about hospital planning and performance during crises, there are no internationally accepted standards for hospital preparedness and disaster response. Thus, this study was designed to explain the effective factors in hospital performance during biological disasters. Methods: Qualitative content analysis with conventional approach was used in the present study. The setting was Ministry of Health and related hospitals, and other relevant ministries responsible at the time of biologic events in Islamic Republic of Iran (IR of Iran) in 2018. Participants were experts, experienced individuals providing service in the field of biological disaster planning and response, policymakers in the Ministry of Health, and other related organizations and authorities responsible for the accreditation of hospitals in IR of Iran. Data were collected using 12 semi-structured interviews in Persian language. Analysis was performed according to Graneheim method. Results: After analyzing 12 interviews, extraction resulted in 76 common codes, 28 subcategories, and 8 categories, which are as follow: detection; treatment and infection control; coordination, Resources; training and exercises; communication and information system; construction; and planning and assessment. Conclusion: Hospital management in outbreaks of infectious diseases (intentional or unintentional) is complex and requires different actions than during natural disasters. In such disasters, readiness to respond and appropriate action is a multifaceted operation. In IR of Iran, there have been few researches in the field of hospital preparation in biologic events, and the possibility of standardized assessment has be reduced due to lack of key skills in confronting biological events. It is hoped that the aggregated factors in the 8 groups of this study can evaluate hospital performance more coherently.


id: cord-274239-xuwoqy18
author: Ortiz-Barrios, Miguel
date: 2020-07-05
txt: ./txt/cord-274239-xuwoqy18.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-274239-xuwoqy18.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S221242092030354X
doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101748
summary:
  This model was developed using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)-fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (FDEMATEL)-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solutions (TOPSIS) techniques and aimed to determine a ranking for hospital disaster preparedness. FAHP is used to determine weights of six main criteria (including hospital buildings, equipment, communication, transportation, personnel, flexibility) and a total of thirty-six sub-criteria regarding disaster preparedness. In this study, a hybrid fuzzy decision making model was proposed to evaluate the disaster preparedness of Turkish hospitals. To tackle this disadvantage, an Excel-based decision support system has been properly designed and adopted to accelerate the disaster preparedness evaluation in relation to: i) weighting and prioritizing disaster readiness criteria and sub-criteria, ii) identifying the dispatchers and receivers within the disaster management scenario, iii) ranking the hospitals according to their preparedness level, and iv) defining focused operational strategies for increasing the response of hospitals against outbreaks.

title:
  Evaluation of hospital disaster preparedness by a multi-criteria decision making approach: The case of Turkish hospitals

abstract:
  Considering the unexpected emergence of natural and man-made disasters over the world and Turkey, the importance of preparedness of hospitals, which are the first reference points for people to get healthcare services, becomes clear. Determining the level of disaster preparedness of hospitals is an important and necessary issue. This is because identifying hospitals with low level of preparedness is crucial for disaster preparedness planning. In this study, a hybrid fuzzy decision making model was proposed to evaluate the disaster preparedness of hospitals. This model was developed using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)-fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (FDEMATEL)-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solutions (TOPSIS) techniques and aimed to determine a ranking for hospital disaster preparedness. FAHP is used to determine weights of six main criteria (including hospital buildings, equipment, communication, transportation, personnel, flexibility) and a total of thirty-six sub-criteria regarding disaster preparedness. At the same time, FDEMATEL is applied to uncover the interdependence between criteria and sub-criteria. Finally, TOPSIS is used to obtain ranking of hospitals. To provide inputs for TOPSIS implementation, some key performance indicators are established and related data is gathered by the aid of experts from the assessed hospitals. A case study considering 4 hospitals from the Turkish healthcare sector was used to demonstrate the proposed approach. The results evidenced that Personnel is the most important factor (global weight = 0.280) when evaluating the hospital preparedness while Flexibility has the greatest prominence (c + r = 23.09).


id: cord-280488-lcmsg62r
author: Méndez, Michael
date: 2020-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-280488-lcmsg62r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-280488-lcmsg62r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.07.007
doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.07.007
summary:
  Resources were directed toward privileged individuals, leaving local immigrant rights and environmental justice groups to provide essential services such as language access to emergency information in Spanish and Indigenous tongues; labor protections for farmworkers endangered in the fields; and a private disaster relief fund for undocumented immigrants ineligible for federal aid. Resources were directed toward wealthy individuals, leaving local immigrant rights and environmental justice groups to provide essential services such as language access to emergency information in Spanish and Indigenous tongues; labor protections for farmworkers threatened by heavy smoke; and a private disaster relief fund for undocumented immigrants ineligible for federal aid. This article examines the importance of understanding the contextual vulnerability of undocumented immigrants in responses to disasters, contending that actions taken and challenges faced by community-based groups in California''s Central Coast region during and after the Thomas Fire provide an important model for more inclusive disaster planning.

title:
  The (in)visible victims of disaster: Understanding the vulnerability of undocumented Latino/a and indigenous immigrants

abstract:
  As climate change advances, communities across the United States are adapting to the increased threat of wildfires, drought, heatwaves, and infectious diseases. Such disasters are expected to become more frequent and severe. Now more than ever, it is crucial to understand how these events amplify existing inequalities, and how to lessen the resulting harms. Differences in human vulnerability to disaster stem from a range of social, economic, historical, and political factors. We argue that given their social status, undocumented Latino/a and Indigenous immigrants are particularly vulnerable to disasters and require special consideration in disaster planning. They are disproportionately affected by racial discrimination, exploitation, economic hardships, less English and Spanish proficiency, and fear of deportation in their everyday lives— their pre-disaster marginalized status. In the case of the Thomas Fire in California's Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, we show that emergency response and recovery efforts ignored their needs. Resources were directed toward privileged individuals, leaving local immigrant rights and environmental justice groups to provide essential services such as language access to emergency information in Spanish and Indigenous tongues; labor protections for farmworkers endangered in the fields; and a private disaster relief fund for undocumented immigrants ineligible for federal aid. The article concludes with preliminary participant observations from the COVID-19 pandemic response in the region, indicating how lessons from the fire have informed official actions. As governments grapple with the increasing severity of disasters, understanding the differential impacts on undocumented immigrants can help improve disaster planning to protect the most vulnerable and stigmatized populations.


id: cord-280981-p0l5bpqi
title: COVID, resilience, and the built environment
author: Keenan, Jesse M.
date: 2020-05-14
txt: ./txt/cord-280981-p0l5bpqi.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-280981-p0l5bpqi.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-020-09773-0
doi: 10.1007/s10669-020-09773-0
summary:
  Through this perspective, the article hopes to explore those often overlooked aspects of the physical and social parameters of the built environment that may be understood as providing opportunities to inform future disaster, public health, and climate change preparations and responses. Through this perspective, the article hopes to explore those often overlooked aspects of the physical and social parameters of the built environment that may be understood as providing opportunities to inform future disaster, public health, and climate change preparations and responses. In the past decade, multi-hazard disaster and engineering resilience planning has had significant impacts in shaping the design and management of the built environment in everything from supporting the business continuity of private enterprise (Keenan 2015) to the sustainable provision of critical public services (Humphries 2019) .

abstract:
  This article provides a perspective on the reciprocal relationships between public and private sector resilience planning activities and the ongoing COVID responses in the U.S. Through the lens of the built environment, this article provides selected insights into how various disaster, organizational, and engineering resilience activities have likely positively shaped COVID responses within the healthcare sector. These positive influences are contextualized within extensive efforts within public health and healthcare management to calibrate community resilience frameworks and practices for utilization in everything from advancing community health to the continuity of facilities operations. Thereafter, the article shifts focus to speculate on how ongoing experiences under COVID might yield positive impacts for future resilience designs, plans and policies within housing and the built environment. Through this perspective, the article hopes to explore those often overlooked aspects of the physical and social parameters of the built environment that may be understood as providing opportunities to inform future disaster, public health, and climate change preparations and responses.


id: cord-284177-otr38534
title: Preparing the Intensive Care Unit for Disaster
author: Wax, Randy S.
date: 2019-08-21
txt: ./txt/cord-284177-otr38534.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-284177-otr38534.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749070419300478
doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2019.06.008
summary:
  The emergency department (ED) and operating room would typically experience a huge impact in a sudden onset trauma surge (such as a mass casualty shooting), whereas a bioterrorism or pandemic event with a prolonged incubation period may have a greater effect on the intensive care unit (ICU) because of the prolonged need for mechanical ventilation and ICU support for disaster-related patients. Critical care nursing leadership involvement will ensure adequate planning for the required interfaces between the ICU and other areas of the hospital from a patient safety and administrative perspective, including strategies for bed management and patient flow into and out of the ICU. Encouraging the involvement of relevant interprofessional team members in critical care disaster planning can help determine potential limitations in services during a disaster, suggest mitigation strategies to minimize the impact of a surge in demand for their expertise, and propose educational strategies to use other health care staff and even family members to assist as extenders with less frequent available input from these health care professionals.

abstract:
  Critical care teams can face a dramatic surge in demand for ICU beds and organ support during a disaster. Through effective preparedness, teams can enable a more effective response and hasten recovery back to normal operations. Disaster preparedness needs to balance an all-hazards approach with focused hazard-specific preparation guided by a critical care-specific hazard-vulnerability analysis. Broad stakeholder input from within and outside the critical care team is necessary to avoid gaps in planning. Evaluation of critical care disaster plans require frequent exercises, with a mechanism in place to ensure lessons learned effectively prompt improvements in the plan.


id: cord-284972-61ayjej8
title: Catastrophe Compassion: Understanding and Extending Prosociality Under Crisis
author: Zaki, Jamil
date: 2020-05-14
txt: ./txt/cord-284972-61ayjej8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-284972-61ayjej8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32410822/
doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.006
summary:
  As COVID-19 spreads, communities around the world have created "mutual aid spreadsheets" to help vulnerable neighbors [6] and billions of people have engaged in physical distancing to protect public health-perhaps the most populous act of cooperation in history. Consistent with its prosocial nature, one recent study found that people expressed greater intent to follow distancing when it was framed as a way to help others, rather than protect themselves [7] . Following disasters, mutual aid also tracks increases in positive collective outcomes, such as social connection, solidarity, and shared resilience [8] . Consistent with this connection, a recent study found that individuals'' empathy for those affected by the COVID-19 pandemic tracked their willingness to engage in physical distancing and related protective behaviors, and that inducing empathy for vulnerable people increased intention to socially distance [9] . Such adversity often generates increases in prosocial behavior, which Staub and Vollhardt [13] have termed "altruism born of suffering." Positive effects of adversity appear to extend in time.

abstract:
  ABSTRACT How do people behave when disasters strike? Popular media accounts depict panic and cruelty, but in fact, individuals often cooperate with and care for one another during crises. I summarize evidence for such “catastrophe compassion,” discuss its roots, and consider how it might be cultivated in more mundane times.


id: cord-286889-l765mxmy
title: Disaster Nursing: A Retrospective Review
author: Stangeland, Paula A.
date: 2010-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-286889-l765mxmy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-286889-l765mxmy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21095551/
doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2010.09.003
summary:
  Eight themes, including (1) defining disaster, (2) nursing during and after disaster, (3) nursing education in disaster preparedness, (4) military nurse preparedness, (5) postdisaster stress, (6) ethical issues and intent to respond, (7) policy, and (8) hospital emergency policy, were derived from the review and are explored in this article. Although some nurses identified their experiences of working during and in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and other health emergencies as rewarding, they also identified planning and education as critical needs for providing care in future disasters. 20 Specifically, the guidelines state that baccalaureate nursing programs should prepare graduates to use clinical judgment appropriately and provide timely interventions when making decisions and performing nursing care during disasters, mass casualties, and other emergency situations. Because the literature reveals that working during disasters and traumatic situations causes increased stress for nurses, it is necessary to include information related to disorders that have been associated with experiencing traumatic situations.

abstract:
  This article presents a review of the literature related to disaster preparedness and nursing. A definition of disaster as set forth by the American Red Cross is provided. Eight themes, including (1) defining disaster, (2) nursing during and after disaster, (3) nursing education in disaster preparedness, (4) military nurse preparedness, (5) postdisaster stress, (6) ethical issues and intent to respond, (7) policy, and (8) hospital emergency policy, were derived from the review and are explored in this article. Although a plethora of disaster-related literature exists, the voice of the nurses who worked during these disasters is missing. Areas of proposed research illuminated by current research are suggested.


id: cord-287032-ftkoxzz4
title: Catastrophe In Radiology: Considerations Beyond Common Emergencies
author: Grossman, Valerie Aarne
date: 2020-05-13
txt: ./txt/cord-287032-ftkoxzz4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-287032-ftkoxzz4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jradnu.2020.05.002
doi: 10.1016/j.jradnu.2020.05.002
summary:
  ♦ Incident command centers must be deployable and not fixed ♦ Organizations must keep up-to-date phone lists (employees, local business, vendors, fuel companies, utility companies, medical equipment companies, etc.) ♦ Portable wi-fi units can be used if IT down or power outages occur ♦ Satellite telephones, wireless radios, amateur radios, and other forms of communication may be used if cellular telephones and/or landlines fail ♦ Organizational leadership must be visible around the building, calm, optimistic, and ready to respond to issues (Bluth, 2007) ◊ Communication must be honest, transparent, and frequent in order to counter the spread of inaccurate rumors and contain mounting fear among staff, patients, visitors (Jones, 2017) ♦ When calling for emergency assistance ("911") or reporting suspicious activity, essential facts should include: Gray, 2007; DOH, 2011) patient transport to/from radiology (Berger, 2016) ♦ If the disaster is an approaching storm, all studies should be dictated, rooms stocked with supplies, phone numbers updated, disaster management plan reviewed with team ◊ Extra staff should be called in ◊ Consider moving some portable equipment to essential upper floors (in case elevators fail during the storm event).

abstract:
  Abstract Disasters often occur without warning and have the potential to affect large numbers of people. Those in the radiology environment experience unique effects on them, their equipment, and their ability to provide quality patient care. Lessons can be learned by reviewing events and their impact on imaging departments around the world. Radiology departments need to be actively involved in the disaster planning and the management of disasters when they occur. Common themes emerge regardless of the type of disaster and these themes should be included in all planning.


id: cord-289205-or60zzjs
title: A Bibliometric Profile of Disaster Medicine Research from 2008 to 2017: A Scientometric Analysis
author: Zhou, Liang
date: 2018-05-02
txt: ./txt/cord-289205-or60zzjs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-289205-or60zzjs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29717685/
doi: 10.1017/dmp.2018.11
summary:
  Terms analysis indicated that emergency medicine, public health, disaster preparedness, natural disasters, medicine, and management were the research hotspots, whereas Hurricane Katrina, mechanical ventilation, occupational medicine, intensive care, and European journals represented the frontiers of disaster medicine research. Overall, our analysis revealed that disaster medicine studies are closely related to other medical fields and provides researchers and policy-makers in this area with new insight into the hotspots and dynamic directions. Therefore, in this study, a scientometric analysis was conducted on disaster medicine to estimate the productivity of specific journals, countries, institutions, authors, and research areas, and to identify research hotspots and trends in this field. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness also had the greatest number of total citations (n = 151), again followed by Academic Emergency Medicine (n = 134) and American Journal of Preventive Medicine (n = 127) ( Table 1 in the online data supplement).

abstract:
  This study analyzed and assessed publication trends in articles on “disaster medicine,” using scientometric analysis. Data were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Thomson Reuters on March 27, 2017. A total of 564 publications on disaster medicine were identified. There was a mild increase in the number of articles on disaster medicine from 2008 (n=55) to 2016 (n=83). Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness published the most articles, the majority of articles were published in the United States, and the leading institute was Tohoku University. F. Della Corte, M. D. Christian, and P. L. Ingrassia were the top authors on the topic, and the field of public health generated the most publications. Terms analysis indicated that emergency medicine, public health, disaster preparedness, natural disasters, medicine, and management were the research hotspots, whereas Hurricane Katrina, mechanical ventilation, occupational medicine, intensive care, and European journals represented the frontiers of disaster medicine research. Overall, our analysis revealed that disaster medicine studies are closely related to other medical fields and provides researchers and policy-makers in this area with new insight into the hotspots and dynamic directions. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:165–172)


id: cord-292563-ksmxrp1i
author: Wang, Jianguo
date: 2020-09-26
txt: ./txt/cord-292563-ksmxrp1i.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-292563-ksmxrp1i.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670720307290?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102511
summary:
  Thus, this paper aims to provide a reference for the prevention and control of future city epidemics and disasters in responding to strategies of urban planning and design by considering the reform of urban construction related regulations, further to facilitate creation of healthy and safe urban environments. The purpose of this paper are to (1) call for the inclusion of epidemics and other diseases into urban disaster management strategies; (2) provide reference for the prevention and control of epidemic cities and even the response strategies to major urban disasters by considering the reform of urban construction; (3) help and facilitate the process for the creation of healthy and safe urban living environments. enhancing disaster prevention capacity and standards J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Throughout history, urban planning and architectural design have always been concerned with the destruction caused by natural disasters in cities (Okubo 2016 ).

title:
  Vision of China''s future urban construction reform: in the perspective of comprehensive prevention and control for multi disasters

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic has caused huge deaths, massive damage and losses around the world. Looking back in history, the motivation for construction and development of cities was to enhance disaster prevention capacity, while modern cities are built and developed to improve health and wellness for human beings. Each disaster would pose some new challenges to the urban planning and architectural design, such as COVID-19. Therefore, the dilemma of future multi disasters (e.g. epidemics) would lead to reflections on the revision or change of urban design regulations. For the post-epidemic era, a comprehensive and integrated prevention system should be established for multi urban disasters, which requires to be optimally formulated based on multiple objectives, i.e., on the equilibrium of disaster occurrence probability and stop loss cost. This will be realized thanks to the rapid development of digital alike advanced technologies. Thus, this paper aims to provide a reference for the prevention and control of future city epidemics and disasters in responding to strategies of urban planning and design by considering the reform of urban construction related regulations, further to facilitate creation of healthy and safe urban environments.


id: cord-300170-s2qthxx4
author: Aven, Terje
date: 2020-10-15
txt: ./txt/cord-300170-s2qthxx4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-300170-s2qthxx4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2020.107270
doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2020.107270
summary:
  Considerable work has been conducted in recent years to develop frameworks to support the assessment, communication, management and governance of this type of risk, building on concepts like systemic risks, complexity theory, deep uncertainties, resilience engineering, adaptive management and black swans. These perspectives and approaches, which to a large extent can be viewed as scientific schools, include what we will refer to as ''safety science'' (highlighting sociotechnical aspects, complexity theory, and resilience analysis), ''risk governance and systemic risk frameworks'', ''post-normal science'', quality management and ''risk science'' (highlighting ''broad'' perspectives on risk with an emphasis on uncertainties, knowledge and potential surprises (black swans)). The main aim of the paper is to provide new reflections and knowledge on the proper assessment and handling of risk of the types addressed above, by critically reviewing current perspectives and approaches, and pointing to areas with the potential for enhancements, so that we can be better able to confront global, highly uncertain and large consequence threats like the Coronavirus in the future.

title:
  Globalization and global risk: How risk analysis needs to be enhanced to be effective in confronting current threats

abstract:
  In the last 20-30 years, technological innovation has enabled the advancement of industry at a global scale, giving rise to a truly global society, resting on an interdependent web of transnational technical, economic and social systems. These systems are exposed to scenarios of cascading outbreaks, whose impacts can ripple to very large scales through their strong interdependencies, as recently shown by the pandemic spreading of the Coronavirus. Considerable work has been conducted in recent years to develop frameworks to support the assessment, communication, management and governance of this type of risk, building on concepts like systemic risks, complexity theory, deep uncertainties, resilience engineering, adaptive management and black swans. Yet contemporary risk analysis struggles to provide authoritative societal guidance for adequately handling these types of risks, as clearly illustrated by the Coronavirus case. In this paper, we reflect on this situation. We aim to identify critical challenges in current frameworks of risk assessment and management and point to ways to strengthen these, to be better able to confront threats like the Coronavirus in the future. A set of principles and theses are established, which have the potential to support a common foundation for the many different scientific perspectives and ‘schools’ currently dealing with risk handling issues.


id: cord-302940-6vf3km5i
author: Holt, G. Richard
date: 2008-08-31
txt: ./txt/cord-302940-6vf3km5i.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-302940-6vf3km5i.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.04.027
doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2008.04.027
summary:
  As has been clearly emphasized by the situation with Dr Anna Pou, an otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon who voluntarily placed herself in a position to render a level of care to patients clearly beyond her training and expertise, most physicians in the United States are ill prepared to face the unique ethical decision making that is required in such situations. Important issues for resolution include inpatient and casualty triage and prioritization, medical liability, altered standards of care, justice and equity, informed consent and patient autonomy, expanding scope of practice in disaster medicine, and the moral and ethical responsibilities of physicians to care for disaster victims. Important issues for resolution include inpatient and casualty triage and prioritization, medical liability, altered standards of care, justice and equity, informed consent and patient autonomy, expanding scope of practice in disaster medicine, and the moral and ethical responsibilities of physicians to care for disaster victims.

title:
  Making difficult ethical decisions in patient care during natural disasters and other mass casualty events

abstract:
  Objective Recent experiences in the United States with unprecedented terrorist attacks (9/11) and a devastating natural disaster (Hurricane Katrina) have demonstrated that the medical care of mass casualties during such disasters poses ethical problems not normally experienced in civilian health care. It is important to 1) identify the unique ethical challenges facing physicians who feel an obligation to care for victims of such disasters and 2) develop a national consensus on ethical guidelines as a resource for ethical decision making in medical disaster relief. Study Design A survey of pertinent literature was performed to assess experience and opinions on the condition of medical care in terrorist attacks and natural disasters, the ethical challenges of disaster medical care, and the professional responsibilities and responsiveness in disasters. Conclusions It is necessary to develop a national consensus on the ethical guidelines for physicians who care for patients, victims, and casualties of disasters, and to formulate a virtue-based, yet practical, ethical approach to medical care under such extreme conditions. An educational curriculum for medical students, residents, and practicing physicians is required to best prepare all physicians who might be called upon, in the future, to triage patients, allocate resources, and make difficult decisions about treatment priorities and comfort care. It is not appropriate to address these questions at the time of the disaster, but rather in advance, as part of the ethics education of the medical profession. Important issues for resolution include inpatient and casualty triage and prioritization, medical liability, altered standards of care, justice and equity, informed consent and patient autonomy, expanding scope of practice in disaster medicine, and the moral and ethical responsibilities of physicians to care for disaster victims.


id: cord-304036-4l17twbc
title: NICU Disaster Preparedness: Were we ready for COVID-19?
author: Winans, Melissa
date: 2020-08-27
txt: ./txt/cord-304036-4l17twbc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-304036-4l17twbc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S154146122030241X
doi: 10.1016/j.mnl.2020.08.015
summary:
  Despite the attention and focus on planning, many studies have found that hospitals are ill prepared to appropriately manage extended disasters.12 The author completed her doctoral program capstone project on NICU Disaster Preparedness. 18 Interventions identified included risk assessment that addressed geographical natural disaster potential, consideration and action plans for internal and external disasters, and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f instructions for individual and family preparedness in the event of a disaster. 12 The NICU Disaster Preparedness Plan should include what changes to standards of care may be necessary during a disaster or evacuation, and a framework for decision making that can be used in an actual disaster. Nurses and healthcare workers must take responsibility for their preparedness which includes family care and communication strategies to ensure they can focus on implementing their hospital disaster plan without the added burden of worrying about their family''s safety. The author was able to use this component of preparedness when planning her hospital''s NICU COVID-19 response.

abstract:
  The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, along with natural disasters such as Hurricane Katrina, have led to decades of disaster preparedness planning. Despite the attention and focus on planning, many studies have found that hospitals are ill prepared to appropriately manage extended disasters.12 The author completed her doctoral program capstone project on NICU Disaster Preparedness. This article will discuss lessons learned during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and what future disaster preparedness plans must consider.


id: cord-316879-nbkvd0le
author: Ashcroft, James
date: 2020-06-09
txt: ./txt/cord-316879-nbkvd0le.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-316879-nbkvd0le.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137906
doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137906
summary:
  OBJECTIVE: To identify pandemic and disaster medicine-themed training programmes aimed at medical students and to assess whether these interventions had an effect on objective measures of disaster preparedness and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: 23 studies met inclusion criteria assessing knowledge (n=18, 78.3%), attitude (n=14, 60.9%) or skill (n=10, 43.5%) following medical student disaster training. Studies were selected only if they contained a detailed report of the training implementation and used objective precourse and/or postcourse assessments related to medical student knowledge, attitude, skills or clinical care outcomes. The main outcomes of the courses reviewed were subjective; however, there was evidence to suggest that disaster medicine training does improve objective knowledge and can teach skills which can be used by medical students, relevant to a pandemic. This review suggests that the most beneficial medical student disaster medicine courses should consist of mixed modalities of didactic sessions, case-studies, practical hands on training and simulation experiences.

title:
  Preparing medical students for a pandemic: a systematic review of student disaster training programmes

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: To identify pandemic and disaster medicine-themed training programmes aimed at medical students and to assess whether these interventions had an effect on objective measures of disaster preparedness and clinical outcomes. To suggest a training approach that can be used to train medical students for the current COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: 23 studies met inclusion criteria assessing knowledge (n=18, 78.3%), attitude (n=14, 60.9%) or skill (n=10, 43.5%) following medical student disaster training. No studies assessed clinical improvement. The length of studies ranged from 1 day to 28 days, and the median length of training was 2 days (IQR=1–14). Overall, medical student disaster training programmes improved student disaster and pandemic preparedness and resulted in improved attitude, knowledge and skills. 18 studies used pretest and post-test measures which demonstrated an improvement in all outcomes from all studies. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing disaster training programmes for medical students improves preparedness, knowledge and skills that are important for medical students during times of pandemic. If medical students are recruited to assist in the COVID-19 pandemic, there needs to be a specific training programme for them. This review demonstrates that medical students undergoing appropriate training could play an essential role in pandemic management and suggests a course and assessment structure for medical student COVID-19 training. REGISTRATION: The search strategy was not registered on PROSPERO—the international prospective register of systematic reviews—to prevent unnecessary delay.


id: cord-318336-hslnkv6p
author: Ke, Kai-Yuan
date: 2020-07-24
txt: ./txt/cord-318336-hslnkv6p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-318336-hslnkv6p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32722337/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155357
summary:
  New Taipei City (NTPC), Taiwan, was aware of the need for non-public force response and therefore developed the process of enhancing local disaster management networks through promoting the resilient community since 2009. Overall, about 90% of the participants'' awareness was raised and the capacity to deal with community-based disaster events The survey has shown that, after 7-steps of promotion as described in Section 2.2, 93% of the participants realize the risks they are facing and 91% agree with the necessity to develop a resilient community; 91% believe that the action plan we helped them build is feasible; 89% understand the tasks of the response team and 87% are willing to serve the community as a team member; 98% and 94% think that they had well learned and were ready to perform basic medical skills and fire-fighting, respectively; 95% also thinks retraining is important for the community.

title:
  Enhancing Local Disaster Management Network through Developing Resilient Community in New Taipei City, Taiwan

abstract:
  Large-scaled disaster events had increasingly occurred worldwide due to global and environmental change. Evidently, disaster response cannot rely merely on the public force. In the golden hour of crisis, not only the individuals should learn to react, protect themselves, and try to help each other, but also the local school, enterprise, non-government organization (NGO), nonprofit organization (NPO), and volunteer groups should collaborate to effectively deal with disaster events. New Taipei City (NTPC), Taiwan, was aware of the need for non-public force response and therefore developed the process of enhancing local disaster management networks through promoting the resilient community since 2009. The concept of a resilient community is to build community-based capacity for mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery in an all-hazards manner. This study organized the NTPC experience and presented the standard operation procedure (SOP) to promote the resilient community, key obstacles, maintenance mechanism, and the successful formulation of the local disaster management network. The performance of the promotion was evaluated through a questionnaire survey and found that participants affirmed the positive effect of building community capacity through the entire process. In general, the resilient community as the center of the local disaster management work is shown promising to holistically bridge the inner/outer resources and systematically respond to disaster events.


id: cord-323769-2a8cbuh2
author: Boshoff, Willem H.
date: 2020-09-29
txt: ./txt/cord-323769-2a8cbuh2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-323769-2a8cbuh2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12268
doi: 10.1111/saje.12268
summary:
  As discussed later, changes in consumer behaviour during the disaster period -including increased search costs and/or higher valuation of particular product characteristics -may reduce demand-side substitutes and increase the unilateral pricing power of firms -at least in certain types of market (Frank, 2020) . The focus on shorter horizons to assess market power has therefore facilitated an expanded scope of South African competition policy during the COVID-19 disaster, especially in relation to excessive pricing. Where the disaster period does not raise such additional concerns (perhaps in cases featuring local geographic markets, which allow price comparisons with, for example, nearby markets), intertemporal comparisons continue to offer more appropriate benchmarks for COVID-19-related investigations, for the reason discussed above. This advantage of the intertemporal benchmark is even more important in the context of COVID-19 cases, where changes in the willingness-to-pay is at the heart of excessive-pricing investigations: as argued earlier, changes in the willingness-to-pay underlies increased market power and its potential abuse during the disaster period.

title:
  South African competition policy on excessive pricing and its relation to price gouging during the COVID‐19 disaster period

abstract:
  The declaration of a state of national disaster in South Africa, due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, was followed by excessive‐pricing regulations pertaining to certain consumer and medical products and services. The regulations and their application suggest an intertemporal benchmark to judge excessive pricing, deviating from previous practice. Intertemporal comparisons assume a structural shift during COVID‐19 that changes competitive conditions, related to changes in consumer behaviour. Such comparisons must also account for demand and cost changes. While the COVID‐19 regulations allow for cost‐based price increases, demand‐based increases are not explicitly accounted for, suggesting that the regulations are framed more generally as price‐gouging regulations. The differences between price‐gouging and excessive‐pricing benchmarks depends on the type of disaster‐period demand shock. They are similar following a transitory demand spike, provided sufficient time is allowed for dynamic price behaviour, but differ markedly when demand is elevated for the duration of the disaster period. Applying simple cost‐based comparisons in recently concluded cases against smaller retailers are consistent with excessive pricing, given the presence of a demand spike. To the extent that these involve persistently higher demand, cases against wholesalers and larger retailers will be more complicated, as such demand must be reflected in competitive prices.


id: cord-333209-f6xja3v2
title: Special Disaster Issue
author: Castner, Jessica
date: 2020-08-19
txt: ./txt/cord-333209-f6xja3v2.txt
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32828476/
doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.06.012
abstract: nan
summary:
  In addition to offering a sincere and heartfelt tribute to emergency nurses and other health care personnel who have lost their lives to COVID-19, the purpose of this editorial is to briefly relay a surge planning model 2 and the collection of all-hazard disaster manuscripts published in this issue of JEN. Imagine how preparedness would increase if every member of the emergency care team, at every level and in every role, reviewed the domains of focus ( Figure 2 , right column) and contributed to or felt ownership of disaster preparedness problemsolving ideas and actions within their scope of practice: case definitions, testing capability and logistics, personal protective equipment and isolation precautions, triage and cohorting, clinical protocols, staff health concerns and optout, clinician well-being, communication/coordination, surge planning, and scarce resource allocation. Patient and clinician mental health and well-being are also major considerations in preparedness for infectious disease surges, and we welcome emergency clinician psychosocial intervention testing manuscripts in JEN.


id: cord-334178-3u7tyszd
author: Wang, Chun-yuan
date: 2020-06-30
txt: ./txt/cord-334178-3u7tyszd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-334178-3u7tyszd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092575352030059X
doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104662
summary:
  Articles 6 and 48 of this act regulate, respectively, the "establishment of an effective social mobilization mechanism by the nation" and "the people''s government … immediately organize relevant departments to mobilize emergency rescue teams and social forces." related to preventing, reducing, and relieving disasters; capacity building; community involvement; and international cooperation related to the resulting analysis (Ministry of Civil Affairs, 2016, accessed on 2017/12/10). The function is unclear, and there is a lack of institutional mechanisms for emergency management as well as a lack of efforts by the public, the media, volunteers, and NGOs. When it comes to the exchange and cooperation of external resources, there is a widespread phenomenon of mobilization and light coordination, and social organizations are slow to develop their ability to participate in disaster relief (Xue and Tao, 2013; Zhang et al., 2011; Zhang and Zhang, 2016) . From the discussion and analysis presented in this paper, we first find that the role and relationship among government, community, and civil society organizations in disaster management in China have indeed changed in the decade since the Wenchuan earthquake.

title:
  The building of social resilience in Sichuan after the Wenchuan earthquake: A perspective of the socio-government interactions

abstract:
  Abstract In November 2007, China implemented its Emergency Response Law to ensure national unified leadership and collaboration when responding to emergencies. In recent years, China’s main focuses for enhancing disaster management have included emergency preparation, emergency management, and legal system mechanisms. However, its well-designed management system faced a great challenge during the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. By examining the literature on the development of disaster management, we realized that enhancing self-organization in communities can effectively resolve problems caused by collective actions and strengthen resilience to disasters. In the decade since the Wenchuan earthquake, the literature has focused more on empowering communities during disaster management in China. However, literature on the compatibility of social resilience and the government-dominant model in China is still scant. This study investigates China’s current disaster management system design; specifically, it identifies ways and methods for counteracting any conflicts between disaster management under social synergies and China’s emergency management system. It further explores what factors facilitate the balance between social synergies and the emergency management system if the two concepts were fused together. Using case studies, in-depth interviews, and a focus group in the field of public administration, this study collected qualitative data to understand the changes in China’s disaster management system since the Wenchuan earthquake as well as provide recommendations for future reform.


id: cord-334522-gi7zj70m
title: Can a ‘second disaster’ during and after the COVID-19 pandemic be mitigated?
author: Gersons, Berthold P. R.
date: 2020-09-23
txt: ./txt/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33062215/
doi: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1815283
summary:
  Lessons from past disasters suggest that communities and their leaders, as well as mental healthcare providers, need to pay attention to fear regarding the ongoing threat, as well as sadness and grief, and to provide hope to mitigate social disruption. For people experiencing the loss of loved ones or economic Needs of the population amid the pandemic Actions required by authorities and experts to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 Sense of safety Immediate actions of public health measures to limit the spread of the infection Delivery of reliable information for the general population and various groups about the disease Effective resourcing of required medical equipment Calming Active communication and constant explanation of the actions needed to contain the spread of the infection to the population Compassion of authorities towards victims and various groups affected by the pandemic Sense of self-and collective efficacy

abstract:
  In most disasters that have been studied, the underlying dangerous cause does not persist for very long. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic a progressively emerging life threat remains, exposing everyone to varying levels of risk of contracting the illness, dying, or infecting others. Distancing and avoiding company have a great impact on social life. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has an enormous economic impact for many losing work and income, which is even affecting basic needs such as access to food and housing. In addition, loss of loved ones may compound the effects of fear and loss of resources. The aim of this paper is to distil, from a range of published literature, lessons from past disasters to assist in mitigating adverse psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. European, American, and Asian studies of disasters show that long-term social and psychological consequences of disasters may compromise initial solidarity. Psychosocial disruptions, practical and financial problems, and complex community and political issues may then result in a ‘second disaster’. Lessons from past disasters suggest that communities and their leaders, as well as mental healthcare providers, need to pay attention to fear regarding the ongoing threat, as well as sadness and grief, and to provide hope to mitigate social disruption.


id: cord-336496-ib26nqjz
author: Coulson, N. Edward
date: 2020-08-30
txt: ./txt/cord-336496-ib26nqjz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-336496-ib26nqjz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103581
doi: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103581
summary:
  We estimate the effect regional economic diversification has on the resiliency of the U.S. housing market treating the spatial and temporal variation in natural disasters as exogenous shocks to regional economies. This method allows us to identify the average price effect due to a shock by estimating changes in home prices before and after a disaster hits impacted MSAs relative to home price dynamics across non-impacted MSAs. To test the hypothesis that regional economic diversification is a catalyst for resiliency, we estimate the effect that regional economic diversity has on attenuating the impacts of natural disasters on local home prices. More specifically, model estimates of equation (2) reported in Table 1 demonstrate that in the period of time leading up to a shock, there does not exist economically or statistically meaningful differences in pre-treatment price trends between impacted and non-impacted regions.

title:
  Economic Diversification and The Resiliency Hypothesis: Evidence from the Impact of Natural Disasters on Regional Housing Values

abstract:
  We estimate the effect regional economic diversification has on the resiliency of the U.S. housing market treating the spatial and temporal variation in natural disasters as exogenous shocks to regional economies. Our study demonstrates that diversity dampens both the magnitude and the duration of the effects of a disaster on local real estate values. Implications of our findings for the potential benefits of diversification in regional economies are discussed.


id: cord-336984-mwr212l5
author: Granville, Francesca
date: 2016-09-30
txt: ./txt/cord-336984-mwr212l5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-336984-mwr212l5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1447677015301212
doi: 10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.02.001
summary:
  Building on the opportunity to contribute to existing research and enhance engagement processes, the study investigates tourism destination stakeholders'' perceptions of current disaster management preparedness initiatives at their destination. In addition, the study builds understanding of the expectations that drive the relationship and engagement between DMOs and tourism destination stakeholders in disaster management. As a key function of public relations, stakeholder engagement is conceptualized in this study as the relationship-building principles that can improve tourism destination stakeholders'' business capabilities in disaster management (Taylor & Kent, 2014) . Through this application, the research will explore current DMO engagement strategies with regard to disaster management within the tourism industry, and consequently the levels of satisfaction held by stakeholders in Australia. Third, the study identified a consistent gap between tourism businesses'' evaluation of the importance of and destination performance against disaster management attributes.

title:
  Destinations, disasters and public relations: Stakeholder engagement in multi-phase disaster management

abstract:
  Abstract Research about disasters in tourism has emerged in earnest since the 1990s covering insights for preparedness and response. However, recently, authors have called for more systematic and holistic approaches to tourism disaster management research. To address this gap, this study adopted a public relations perspective to refocus attention to relationships and stakeholder expectations of destination communities across multiple phases of disaster management. The authors used a mixed method approach and developed a battery of disaster management attributes by conducting interviews and analysing industry documents and the extant literature. These attributes formed part of a survey of tourism businesses. Exploratory Factor Analysis resulted in a two factor solution: i) business disaster preparedness, and ii) destination disaster response and recovery. Findings also show that participants reported a gap between the importance and destination performance of these attributes. In particular, tourism businesses perceived destinations did not adequately engage in disaster preparedness activities, which had implications for disaster response and recovery.


id: cord-340153-q0zmnq26
title: Examining professional emergency managers in Korea
author: Ha, Kyoo-Man
date: 2016-09-23
txt: ./txt/cord-340153-q0zmnq26.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-340153-q0zmnq26.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195925516301317
doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2016.09.004
summary:
  This study uses qualitative content analysis of government policies, college curricula, nongovernmental organizations'' (NGOs'') emergency-manager certification, and mass media coverage to compare emergency managers'' unidisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches. As for the study''s international implications, developing nations may consider the enhancement of related educational curricula, collaborative learning, continuous evaluation, disaster awareness, and disaster prevention for the emergency managers'' multidisciplinary approach. This means that Korea has much room for improvement in this field and can learn from examples and practices by developed nations such as the whole community approach in the United States, the establishment of integrated emergency management system in United Kingdom, the role of small-scale voluntary organizations in Japan, among others. We maintain that Korea has to change its emergency managers'' unidisciplinary status to multidisciplinary status, and given Korea''s own experience, the international community must address the need to change related educational curricula, collaborative learning, and sustainable evaluation.

abstract:
  Although the number of emergency managers has risen in South Korea (hereafter referred to as Korea) over the years, their role is not yet as defined and noteworthy compared to other professions because of its unidisciplinary approach. This article investigates how Korea has to improve emergency managers' disciplinary approach to ultimately contribute to the goal of effective transnational disaster management. This study uses qualitative content analysis of government policies, college curricula, nongovernmental organizations' (NGOs') emergency-manager certification, and mass media coverage to compare emergency managers' unidisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches. The key tenet is that Korea must change its emergency managers' unidisciplinary approach into a multidisciplinary approach because the former is less effective when dealing with complicated disaster management systems. To achieve this change, the stakeholders must carry out their assigned responsibilities under risk-oriented management. As for the study's international implications, developing nations may consider the enhancement of related educational curricula, collaborative learning, continuous evaluation, disaster awareness, and disaster prevention for the emergency managers' multidisciplinary approach.


id: cord-344832-0ah4w59o
title: Disaster-Resilient Communication Ecosystem in an Inclusive Society – A case of foreigners in Japan
author: Sakurai, Mihoko
date: 2020-08-15
txt: ./txt/cord-344832-0ah4w59o.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-344832-0ah4w59o.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101804
doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101804
summary:
  For future disaster preparedness, we argue that the municipal government, as a responsible agent, should (1) make available instructional information in foreign languages on social media, (2) transfer such information through collaboration with transmitters, and (3) examine the use of local hashtags in social media to strengthen non-Japanese speaker''s capacity to adapt. We regard disaster resilience in the information ecology framework to encompass the efforts of collaboration and communication dependencies that exist amongst stakeholders engaged in the situation within a local context. In this review, social media emerges as a new trend in technology and rather becomes the medium for sharing information with the aim to reduce anxiety about a disaster situation that could negatively affect the people involved [36] . These cases suggest that social media promote effective resilience in communication, and that the delivery of information to foreigners in Japan from different language backgrounds and cultures further creates traits where personal connection contributes to information accessibility choices.

abstract:
  The number of foreign residents and tourists in Japan has been dramatically increasing in recent years. Despite the fact that Japan is prone to natural disasters, with each climate-related event turning into an emergency such as with record rainfalls, floods and mudslides almost every year, non-Japanese communication infrastructure and everyday disaster drills for foreigners have received little attention. This study aims to understand how a resilient communication ecosystem forms in various disaster contexts involving foreigners. Within a framework of information ecology we try to get an overview of the communication ecosystem in literature and outline its structure and trends in social media use. Our empirical case study uses Twitter API and R programming software to extract and analyze tweets in English during Typhoon 19 (Hagibis) in October 2019. It reveals that many information sources transmit warnings and evacuation orders through social media but do not convey a sense of locality and precise instructions on how to act. For future disaster preparedness, we argue that the municipal government, as a responsible agent, should (1) make available instructional information in foreign languages on social media, (2) transfer such information through collaboration with transmitters, and (3) examine the use of local hashtags in social media to strengthen non-Japanese speaker’s capacity to adapt.


id: cord-347135-g2hx32xa
title: Dealing with Uncertainty: Lessons Learned from COVID-19
author: Miller, Elaine
date: 2020-06-10
txt: ./txt/cord-347135-g2hx32xa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-347135-g2hx32xa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2020.06.001
doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2020.06.001
abstract: nan
summary:
  • In large scale disasters or emergency situations, whether natural (e.g., pandemic, hurricanes), environmental (e.g., Deepwater Horizon oil spill) or traumatic (e.g., mass shootings, World Trade Center attack), there are increases in depression, loneliness, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorders, substance abuse, along with behavioral disorders such as child abuse and domestic violence (Neria, Nandi, & Galea, 2008; Galea, Merchany, & Lurie, 2020) . In conditions such as a pandemic or other disaster/emergency situations, consistently monitoring these individuals and finding ways to provide care are critical. What have we learned that will help clients experiencing pain survive pandemics or other disaster or emergency situations? Moreover, planning is critical for persons with chronic and disabling conditions including pain, mobility, sensory, or cognitive issues (Barth, 2019; Owens, Stidham, & Owens, 2013; FEMA, 2004 · Disaster and emergency supplies must be ready and in one place prior to an actual disaster or emergency. Adults with disabilities should know the community warning system and how residents are to be notified of a potential disaster or emergency situation.


id: cord-350430-hadtwybp
title: Practice Informs Research and Research Informs Practice: The Making of a Disaster Nurse Scientist
author: Bell, Sue Anne
date: 2020-08-19
txt: ./txt/cord-350430-hadtwybp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-350430-hadtwybp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0099176720302075
doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.06.009
abstract: nan
summary:
  Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans over 15 years ago, but neither have we advanced very far in terms of a scientific understanding of the mechanisms behind disasters that affect health, nor have we taken the steps needed to mitigate their effects. DMAT has also provided me the opportunity to receive the highest level of training available in disaster response; a year ago I spent a week at the University of Nebraska''s National Training, Simulation and Quarantine Center, preparing to respond to highly infectious disease situations, preparation that was then essential for the COVID-19 pandemic, and gaining on-the-ground experience in providing care in disaster settings, experience that is crucial for a nurse scientist, not to mention the lifelong friends and colleagues I have made. 15 These studies are relevant to emergency nursing as they drive decision-making on supporting older adults to remain healthy and resilient to disasters in their community, thereby avoiding ED visits.


id: cord-353733-74ejdlxh
title: “This is our next problem”: Cleaning up from the COVID-19 response
author: Kalina, Marc
date: 2020-05-08
txt: ./txt/cord-353733-74ejdlxh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-353733-74ejdlxh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.006
doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.006
summary:
  The purpose of this discussion is to highlight the essential role that solid waste management must play in a humanitarian response towards disasters, in particular the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. We highlight a number of potential avenues for scholarly investigation into the waste impacts of our response to Covid-19, but in particular, briefly unpacks the relationship between disasters, consumption and disposability as one potential research topic. The Covid-19 pandemic is a disaster on a global scale, and in addition to its human impact, it will produce an immense amount of waste that will need to be managed sustainably. The purpose of this discussion is to draw attention to this knowledge gap and to highlight the absolutely essential role that solid waste management must play in a humanitarian response, now, towards Covid-19, and to other, future disasters.

abstract:
  The purpose of this discussion is to highlight the essential role that solid waste management must play in a humanitarian response towards disasters, in particular the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. We highlight a number of potential avenues for scholarly investigation into the waste impacts of our response to Covid-19, but in particular, briefly unpacks the relationship between disasters, consumption and disposability as one potential research topic. The discussion is intended to start a conversation that is, at the moment, critically relevant, and to contribute to a more inclusive, and less normatively Western waste management studies discourse.


id: cord-355993-vyyboega
title: Disaster incubation, cumulative impacts and the urban/ex-urban/rural dynamic
author: Mulvihill, Peter R.
date: 2007-04-11
txt: ./txt/cord-355993-vyyboega.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-355993-vyyboega.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32287653/
doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2007.01.003
summary:
  To illustrate and discuss this potential of disaster research we give context Environmental Impact Assessment Review 27 (2007) 343 -358 www.elsevier.com/locate/eiar and substance to our analysis by focusing on two case studies, the first involving water contamination/pollution problems in rural Ontario and the other focusing on the changing ecological and social landscapes of areas which surround the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Although drinking water contamination problems tend to be associated with developing nationsthe World Health Organization notes that the leading cause of illness and deaths in most developing countries is attributable to gastrointestinal infections from the ingestion of water containing pathogens (Nadakavukaren, 2000) the Walkerton outbreak dramatically illustrates that the waterborne route of the disease may pose an equal, if not greater, threat to public health in the North American, and particularly, Canadian context.

abstract:
  This article explores environmental impacts and risks that can accumulate in rural and ex-urban areas and regions and their relation to urban and global development forces. Two Southern Ontario cases are examined: an area level water disaster and cumulative change at the regional level. The role of disaster incubation analysis and advanced environmental assessment tools are discussed in terms of their potential to contribute to more enlightened and effective assessment and planning processes. It is concluded that conventional approaches to EA and planning are characteristically deficient in addressing the full range of impacts and risks, and particularly those originating from pathogens, dispersed and insidious sources. Rigorous application of disaster incubation analysis and more advanced forms of EA has considerable potential to influence a different pattern of planning and decision making.


