id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt cord-345267-u24g6607 Lang, Frederick M. GM-CSF-based treatments in COVID-19: reconciling opposing therapeutic approaches 2020-06-23 .txt text/plain 6013 249 33 GM-CSF has been shown to be upregulated either systemically and/or in the diseased tissues of patients with autoimmune conditions (such as rheumatoid arthritis) 2,26 as well as in conditions that show similarities to late-stage COVID-19, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 27 , acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 28 , cytokine release syndrome (CRS) 29 , haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) 30 , hyperinflammation associated with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) 31 and other inflammatory diseases of the lung 32 , heart 33-35 and nervous system 21, 23, 36, 37 . It has become increasingly well appreciated that the characteristic hyperactive immune response driving COVID-19 progression consists of a 'cytokine storm' , overwhelming infiltration of inflammatory myeloid cells into the lungs (particularly monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils), and even a disease phenotype resembling secondary HLH (often referred to as 'macrophage activation syndrome') 25, [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] . ./cache/cord-345267-u24g6607.txt ./txt/cord-345267-u24g6607.txt