cord-000268-480d3yfv	2010	title: Diagnostic value of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 and C-reactive protein for patients with lung infiltrates: an observational study The aim of the present study was to define whether expression of TREM-1 on cell membranes of neutrophils (nTREM-1), of monocytes (mTREM-1) and serum sTREM-1 may help in the diagnosis of acute bacterial infections for patients admitted with a new pulmonary infiltrate or pleural effusion. In conclusion, the presented results indicate that serum sTREM-1 and expression of TREM-1 on neutrophils and monocytes may serve as markers of CAP in patients with pulmonary infiltrates. Increased levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in patients with acute pancreatitis Prognosis of community acquired pneumonia(CAP): value of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) and other mediators of the inflammatory response Diagnostic implications of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in BAL fluid of patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the ICU
cord-000753-gowyfu55	2012	In patients with acute coronary syndromes, serum levels of NGAL have high negative predictive value and reflecting the inflammatory status could show the severity of coronary clinical syndrome. In this study, we hypothesized that levels NGAL in blood may reflect the extent of neutrophil activation in various stages of ACS and could discriminate various types of ACS (UA, NSTEMI, and STEMI) and stable from unstable coronary syndromes. The higher levels of serum-NGAL observed in patients with ACS compared to SA could be explained by International Journal of Inflammation 7 the fact that neutrophil activation is present only in patients with acute coronary events (10, 11) . In conclusion, our study shows that serum levels of NGAL increase in patients with CAD with every coronary clinical syndrome and reflect the inflammatory status in the same population. Also in patients with ACS, serum levels of NGAL reflecting the inflammatory status could show the severity of coronary clinical syndrome (UA, NSTEMI, and STEMI).
cord-004378-g1rxygef	2020	In this study we show that exposure of isolated dimeric CRP-cAMP to UV modifies specific Met, Trp, Tyr, and Pro side-chains, induces inter-protein Tyr63-Tyr41 cross-links, and decreases DNA binding via oxidation of Met114/Pro110 residues in close proximity at the CRP dimer interface. The modifications at the CRP dimer interface, and the site-specific DNA strand cleavage are proposed to occur via oxidation of two species Met residues (Met114 and Met189, respectively) to reactive persulfoxides that damage neighbouring amino acids and DNA bases. Panel B: Material balance for Trp and Tyr residues determined by UPLC analysis with direct fluorescence detection on acid-hydrolysed UV-exposed CRP-cAMP complex. UPLC analysis of native and oxidized CRP showed that UV exposure of CRP resulted in significant modification (relative to controls) to Trp, Tyr, Ser, Met and Arg residues (Fig. 3A) . Q-TOF MS analysis of cAMP-CRP-DNA complexes exposed to UV light showed a similar pattern of damage, but higher extents of Met modification (7.6%; Fig. 3C ).
cord-005497-w81ysjf9	2020	The positive NC group had more plasma transfusion (p-value 0.03) and a lower median hematocrit at 24 hrs (p-value 0.013), but similar hospital length of stay (p=0.17) and mortality rate (p=0.80) Conclusions: NC at ICU admission identifies subclinical AKI in TBI patients and it maight be used to predictclinical AKI. In patients with pneumonia requiring intensive care (ICU) admission, we hypothesise that abnormal right ventricular (RV) function is associated with an increased 90-day mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of each AKI stages as defined by KDIGO definition (with evaluation of urine output, serum creatinine and initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT)), in a mixed medical and surgical population of patients hospitalized in ICU and PCU over a 10-year period (2008-2018). This study aimed at investigating the relationship of goal-directed energy and protein adequacy on clinical outcomes which includes mortality, intensive care unit(ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), and length of mechanical ventilation (LOMV).
cord-005727-li8pwigg	2010	Since, continuous epidural analgesia provides the required level of analgesia to support early mobilization and significant reduction in pulmonary and cardiovascular morbidity in the early postoperative period, we postulated that the use of low dose of continuous epidural morphine might improve postoperative analgesia and reduce undesirable side effects in elderly patientsTherefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of morphine administered via epidural patients controlled analgesia and intravenous tramadol + metamizol on postoperative pain control and side effects in elderly patients after major abdominal surgery. For each ventilated patient the following data was registered:Age, APACHE II, the reason of admission, risk factors, use NIV, MV duration, timing of tracheostomy, time of diagnosis of VAP, microbiological data, length of stay and mortality in ICU. 23rd ESICM ANNUAL CONGRESS -BARCELONA, SPAIN -9-13 OCTOBER 2010 S131 Evaluated factors: patient characteristics, signs, symptoms, abscess location, time between symptoms and hospital admission and surgery, lab results, microbiology, antibiotic therapy, APACHE2, SAPS2, SOFA, length of ICU stay, surgical re-intervention, duration of mechanical ventilation, infectious complications, critical illness myopathy (CIM), renal replacement therapy (RRT), re-intubation, tracheotomy, mortality.
cord-014516-r59usk02	2015	Serum prolactin concentration measured in 22/23 dogs at time zero, 6 weeks and 6 months was 3.35 ng/ml (range, 1.4-6.36), 3.57 ng/ml (range, 1.87-7.39) and 3.92 ng/ml (range, 2.01-12.92) and did not differ significantly in either time period when compared with time zero (P = 0.99 and P = 0.52).Altogether, results of this study failed to demonstrate a significant role of thyroid supplementation on the majority of evaluated behavioural symptoms as well as neurohormonal status of hypothyroid dogs during 6 months of therapy. The aims of the present study were (1) to describe a clinical series of recent autochtonous cases and (2) to retrospectively assess Angiostrongylus vasorum qPCR in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, collected over the last 7 years from a larger series of dogs, healthy or with other respiratory conditions, in order to investigate the past prevalence of the disease in Belgium.
cord-015021-pol2qm74	1994	It is our current understanding that LPS is responsible for many of the pathophysiological events observed during gramnegative infections and that one of the major mechanisms leading to shock and death is the LPS-induced activation of macrophages resulting in the production and release of lipid and peptide mediators, among which tumor necrosis factor seems to be the most important. However plasma IL-6 estimation revealed a statistically significant reduction at 6 hours in tanrine-treated animals compared to glycino and TW controls ( Objective: To evaluate the effects of allogeneic blood transfusion, thermal injury and bacterial garage on interteukin 4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) production and host mortality and to study if the administration of thymopentth (THY) could affect these events.
cord-015324-y44sfr0c	2007	In order to further validate this approach, we performed a prospective randomized open-label multicenter trial in 41 low-risk pediatric renal transplant recipients (12 f, 29 m; mean age 10.1 yrs; range, 3.4 to 17.8) on CsA (target trough level 100-200 ng/ml), MMF (1200 mg/m 2 per day) and methylprednisolone (3) (4) mg/m 2 per day), who were randomly assigned >1 year posttransplant to continue steroids or to withdraw over a period of 3 months. We evaluated MMF in 15 children with LN, 11 F/4 M, mean age: 12.4±3.9 yrs, proteinuria >3 g/day, decreased C3 and increased anti-dsDNA serum levels, normal renal function. Patients and methods: 91 children and adolescents (60 male, 31 female, mean age at transplantation 9.7±5.2 years) with stable renal function and observation period exceeding 6 months were included.
cord-023157-0lqlx2rv	2013	The patients revealed the increase of free fatty acids level (2.19 AE 0.10) mmol/l/ml, that meaningfully differed from such indexes in the control group (P < 0.001) and low level of adiponektin (3.70 AE 0.70) mg/ml that confirms their role in development of NAFLD even for persons with normal body weight after the presence of abdominal type of adipose tissue distribution. Results: This study has shown effectiveness in reduction in fasting blood glucose (P < 0.01), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.03), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.01), weight (P = 0.03), added sugar (P = 0.03) and fat consumption (P < 0.01) while improving physical activity (P < 0.01) and insulin sensitivity (P < 0.01) in the intervention group when compared with the control group at follow up assessment. Conclusion: Our study shows that infiltration of macrophages in human adipose tissue, estimated by the expression of macrophage markers, is increased in subjects with obesity and diabetes and associated with insulin sensitivity and serum lipid levels independent of BMI.
cord-024631-yvek5vjz	2020	OBJECTIVES: We investigated causes of fever in the primary levels of care in Southeast Asia, and evaluated whether C-reactive protein (CRP) could distinguish bacterial from viral pathogens. In this study, we aim to identify key organisms among acutely febrile children and adults attending primary health care in Southeast Asia, and to evaluate the performance of CRP for discriminating between bacteria and viruses. Specimens were collected from febrile patients recruited into a previously described multi-centre randomised-controlled trial evaluating the impact of C-reactive protein (CRP) testing on antibiotic prescription in primary care [38] . We investigated the spectrum of organisms among febrile children and adults in the community and evaluated the performance of CRP in distinguishing bacteria from viruses including its potential impact on antibiotic prescription compared with current practice. Investigating non-malarial acute febrile illness remains challenging in resource-poor areas [8] , and despite screening for multiple organisms on blood and respiratory specimens, we were only able to identify a probable cause of fever in 227 (29.4%) of patients.
cord-030277-x9zvx3fp	2020	title: Effect of dexmedetomidine on inflammation in patients with sepsis requiring mechanical ventilation: a sub-analysis of a multicenter randomized clinical trial We explored the effects of administering dexmedetomidine on the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin, and thus on inflammation, in patients with sepsis enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. METHODS: The DESIRE trial was a multicenter randomized clinical trial in which adult patients with sepsis were sedated with (DEX group) or without (non-DEX group) dexmedetomidine while on mechanical ventilators. We analyzed data derived from a randomized clinical trial and found that the administration of dexmedetomidine to patients with sepsis on ventilators improved CRP and PCT levels during the first 14 days in the ICU. In the present study, the use of dexmedetomidine for sedation reduced both CRP and PCT levels in patients with sepsis. Effect of dexmedetomidine on mortality and ventilator-free days in patients requiring mechanical ventilation with sepsis: a randomized clinical trial
cord-103653-hgnz0fkv	2020	Making use of extensive data from the UK Biobank cohort, we investigate seasonal and daytime variability in multiple immune parameters (inflammatory markers, white blood cell counts and antibody titres), and test for associations with a wide range of environmental and lifestyle factors. Individual-level data were linked to other factors that vary over seasonal and daily cycles, including changes in day length, outdoor temperature and vitamin D at the time the blood sample was collected. 45 The acute phase protein, CRP showed a weak daily pattern in this study, with levels higher in daytime, again corroborating previous reports of diurnal patterns of CRP humans 73, 52, 74, 75 Circadian rhythms in circulation and tissue migration of monocytes in mice are regulated through an innate cell-intrinsic clock mechanism and their oscillation coincides with an enhanced inflammatory response when monocytes are decreasing at the beginning of the rest phase 72 and increased lethality of endotoxic challenge at this time.
cord-256154-i6bs536s	2013	These biomarkers, as reflected in specific biological responses to infections, have been reported to demonstrate the ability to facilitate the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of pneumonia. According to this definition, a qualified biomarker of pneumonia should be used to accomplish at least one or more of the following tasks: perform a rapid and accurate diagnosis and less affected by other diseases, identify the types of pathogenic microorganisms for specific antibiotics treatment, and reflect the status of successful prognosis therapy or remain elevated with the infectious stimulus [9, 10] . In addition to discriminating the accurate diagnosis of pneumonia, PCT levels demonstrated their prognostic value in CAP patients [52, 53] . Circulating levels of the long pentraxin PTX3 correlate with severity of infection in critically ill patients Plasma long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) concentration is a novel marker of disease activity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
cord-258108-l9nzq9rv	2015	OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of PTX‐3 as a clinical marker in children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and examine the correlation of PTX‐3 with other biomarkers such as C‐reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). 5 A previous study found that plasma PTX-3 levels could be used to diagnose the severity of community acquired pneumonia with higher sensitivity compared to CRP, and also correlated with the length of hospital stay. Upon admission, total white blood cell (WBC) count, ESR, and CRP levels were measured from blood samples before any medical treatment and multiplex respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using nasal swabs. PCT levels showed a significant correlation with the peak temperature and duration of fever before admission as well as hospital stay. [12] [13] [14] We found that the level of PTX-3 reflects disease severity in children with LRTI by showing a significant correlation with the peak temperature and duration of fever before admission.
cord-277879-7ftu9b9q	2020	Propensity score logistic models predicted exposure at baseline and censoring over time as a result of recognized confounders of severe COVID-19 17, 18 including age, gender, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, lung disease), oxygen blood saturation and need for oxygen therapy at baseline, and time-varying parameters of clinical severity (blood pressure, heart rate, total lymphocyte and neutrophil count, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, D-dimers, and CRP). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.20125245 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 3 and Table S2 show the adjusted hazard ratios for exploratory sensitivity analyses restricted to patients with baseline lymphocyte count <1000 cell/µl and baseline D-dimer >1000 ng/mL segregated by CRP levels. 14 However, there are key analytical issues in this setting, including the risk of immortal time bias (i.e., the requirement for patients to survive long enough to receive the intervention of interest, which can lead to a potentially incorrect estimation of a positive treatment effect), and indication bias from time-varying confounding (e.g., the use of tocilizumab following elevations of CRP).
cord-280629-vb0002nx	2008	title: Characteristics of Febrile Patients with Normal White Blood Cell Counts and High C-Reactive Protein Levels in an Emergency Department Many febrile patients have markedly elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and normal white blood cell (WBC) counts. Factors other than malignant neoplasm or hematologic illness may be associated with the WBC response, and CRP may be a better indicator of infection under such conditions. Because the period of study was within 1 year of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak, all febrile patients received blood examinations including WBC count and CRP level. χ 2 and Fisher''s exact tests were used to examine the correlation between gender, cause of fever, hospitalization, type of infection and mortality with underlying malignant neoplasm and/or hematologic disease. Many studies have focused on the use of CRP in patients with malignancy, hematologic disease or neutropenia, because these patients do not have normal WBC response to infection [3, 4, 12, [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] .
cord-286544-ipmcqz8n	2020	METHODS: All adult patients with COVID-19 of moderate severity diagnosed using qRT-PCR and hospitalized at the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China, from Jan 1 to Mar 20, 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for NLR and CRP in predicting progression to critical condition was 0.77 (95% CI 0.694-0.846, P < 0.001) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.780-0.905, P < 0.001), with a cut-off value of 2.79 and 25.95 mg/l, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of NLR and CRP at admission were associated with poor prognosis of moderate COVID-19 patients. In this study, we focus on the clinical features and outcomes of patients with moderate COVID-19 treated at a single institution and explore the factors and indicators associated with their prognosis. However, older age, male gender, and NLR and CRP levels on admission were significantly associated with poor prognoses in patients with moderate COVID-19. In conclusion, age, gender, and NLR and CRP levels at admission are associated with poor prognoses of patients with moderate COVID-19.
cord-289832-092dtzrd	2020	The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic, uses the angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2), a physiological inhibitor of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), as a cellular receptor to infect cells. In univariate analyses, aldosterone and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at inclusion were significantly higher in patients with severe clinical course as compared to those with mild or moderate course (p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, aldosterone levels were also gradually and significantly increased when we compared clinical status of patients in the three following categories: mild (OS ≤ 3), moderate (OS = 4) and severe (OS ≥ 5) on Day 2 and at OS max (analysis of variance, p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively) ( Figure 2B) . In the present study, higher plasmatic aldosterone and CRP levels at inclusion are associated with severe clinical course of Covid-19 in hospitalized patients, and both parameters appear to be correlated.
cord-291140-8c8lsy8g	2020	This study is aimed at testing the combined usability of NLR and CRP as laboratory parameters, which may provide additional benefits in both the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and the early recognition of complications that may develop as a result of these clinical pictures. Logistic regression analysis was performed using NLR, CRP, WBC, lymphocyte percentage, gender, and age as independent variables and SARS-CoV-2 infection as the dependent variable. The results showed that NLR, CRP, and lymphocyte percentage were possible risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, among which NLR was the most strongly associated with COVID-19 (OR ¼ 21.517, 95% CI: 5.912-78.317, p < .001). Moreover, our study found that patients with higher severity of pneumonia may have lower lymphocyte percentages and higher NLR, and logistic regression analysis showed that both lymphocyte percentage (OR ¼ 1.248, 95% CI: 1.113-1.399, p < .001) and NLR (OR ¼ 21.517, 95% CI: 5.912-78.317, p < .001) were independent risk factors predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection.
cord-297093-ld89vmct	2020	CONCLUSION: Intravenous anakinra is safe to use in patients with COVID-19 and evidence of supra-added bacterial infection. These patients all showed evidence of hyperinflammation with raised inflammatory markers, and CRP, and were given intravenous anakinra, with safe and successful use, suggesting the potential benefit from IL-1 blockade in this subgroup of patients with confirmed COVID-19. We present four cases of immunosuppressed patients, receiving beneficial effects from the use of intravenous anakinra to treat severe COVID-19 with hyperinflammation and concomitant bacterial infections. Our case series supports the hypothesis of IL-1 blockade as an important disease modifying treatment in those patients with severe late stage COVID-19, with evidence of cytokine storm. We believe that administering intravenous anakinra at the height of the cytokine storm has profound beneficial effects, both clinically and biochemically on patients with severe COVID-19 infection.
cord-297138-t8b3914h	2015	Conclusions Compared with placebo the essential-oil extract of three Cretan aromatic plants provided no detectable statistically significant benefit or harm in the patients with upper respiratory illness, although descriptive differences were identified in favorable direction mainly in the virus-positive population. As stated above, this study reports the results of the effectiveness of an extract based on three Cretan aromatic plants in the reduction of duration and severity of symptoms of patients with upper respiratory tract infections, utilizing a standardized questionnaire, physical examination measurements and the decrease of inflammation assayed by C-reactive protein [CRP] levels. Severity of symptoms over the study period was compared between intervention and control groups, using the 19-item WURSS-21 scores, with both univariate techniques and multiple linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, initial CRP level, body mass index (BMI) and the presence of chronic diseases.
cord-317605-s9vv7rw4	2020	This study sought to elucidate a novel predictor of disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) cased by SARS-CoV-2. The outcomes of patients with severe pneumonia and those with non-severe pneumonia were compared using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) to explore clinical characteristics and risk factors. The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of N/L, CRP, and D-dimer for determining disease severity in patients with COVID-19. To further explore the predictive value of N/L*CRP*D-dimer in the severity of COVID-19, we also conducted an internal validation. Patients with N/L*CRP*D-dimer results of less than 5.32 were classified as patients with non-severe pneumonia in predicted groups. Although N/L, CRP, and D-dimer were independent risk factors for the severity of COVID-19, the ROC curve showed that they have a low predictive value for the severity of the infection. In general, the product of N/L*CRP*D-dimer is a new predictive value for the severity of COVID-19.
cord-330411-hg1cxcs7	2020	This study investigates the routine laboratory tests and cytokines implicated in COVID-19 for their potential application as biomarkers of disease severity, respiratory failure and need of higher-level care. From analysis of 203 samples, CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and LDH were most strongly correlated with the WHO ordinal scale of illness severity, the fraction of inspired oxygen delivery, radiological evidence of ARDS and level of respiratory support (p ≤ 0.001). This study comprehensively explored clinical disease features and routine laboratory tests against specialist cytokine biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease and its complications, to address their association with disease severity, respiratory intervention and outcome. Biomarker analysis of CRP, LDH and the cytokines IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα, alongside thorough clinical assessment of COVID-19 patients, enables more accurate stratification of high from low risk cases and the need for intensive care support.
cord-334047-xwjwt2be	2020	title: Duplex Shiny app quantification of the sepsis biomarkers C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in a fast quantum dot labeled lateral flow assay Fast point-of-care (POC) diagnostics represent an unmet medical need and include applications such as lateral flow assays (LFAs) for the diagnosis of sepsis and consequences of cytokine storms and for the treatment of COVID-19 and other systemic, inflammatory events not caused by infection. To increase the information obtainable from each test line, we combined green and red emitting quantum dots (QDs) as labels for C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) antibodies in an optical duplex immunoassay. The app software provides advanced tools for image processing, including assisted extraction of line intensities, advanced background correction and an easy workflow for creation and handling of experimental data in quantitative LFAs. The results generated with our MultiFlow-Shiny app were superior to those generated with the popular software ImageJ and resulted in lower detection limits.
cord-340433-h86cufyp	2020	Although increased C reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with death due to COVID-19 infections, results from different populations remain inconsistent. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated a significant role of CRP in COVID-19 infection outcome (Standard difference in means= 1.371, P=0.000). Inclusion of a report in the current meta-analysis must have a) added analysis for death and survivors, b) plasma/serum CRP concentrations, c) data must be presented in mean± standard deviation (S.D) or median (interquartile range). Two authors BRS and AP extracted data such as authors'' details, years of publication, population, number of COVID-19 infected subjects, death and survivors, CRP concentrations in mean± S.D. or median (interquartile range), significance value. Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study
cord-343986-mneil7gn	2019	Respiratory virus detections did not correlate to WBC or CRP values, signs and symptoms or prognosis of radiographically-verified pneumonia episodes. Logistic regression with full model was used to analyse the association between clinical outcomes and virus etiology, pneumonia, chronic illnesses (cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, other diseases), age, gender and laboratory findings (WBC, CRP). In study episodes diagnosed with pneumonia, the presence of a respiratory virus was neither associated with clinical outcomes (i.e. over 13-night hospital stay, number of revisits or death at ward) nor with WBC values over 15 × 10 9 /L or CRP values over 100 mg/l (all P > .1, Table 4 ). Moreover, in the studied episodes of hospital care diagnosed with pneumonia, the presence of a respiratory virus was associated neither with clinical outcomes, nor with WBC or CRP values.
cord-347014-88zmtky7	2016	STUDY DESIGN: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1), midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) and midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) to distinguish bacterial from viral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to identify severe cases in children hospitalized for radiologically confirmed CAP. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that in children with CAP, sTREM-1, MR-proANP, and MR-proADM blood levels have poor abilities to differentiate bacterial from viral diseases or to identify severe cases, highlighting that PCT maintains the main role at this regard. A global evaluation of the results of this study seemed to indicate that in children with CAP, sTREM-1, MR-proANP, and MR-proADM blood levels are unable to differentiate bacterial from viral diseases or to identify severe cases.
cord-348053-s0ijzyaq	2020	In this single-center retrospective cohort analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, we investigate whether inflammatory biomarker levels predict respiratory decline in patients who initially present with stable disease. We hypothesized that inflammatory biomarker profiles would stratify patients into three cohorts: (1) stable and non-intubated throughout their hospital admission ("mild"); (2) initially stable and nonintubated but then had respiratory deterioration requiring intubation or high-flow nasal cannula later in their hospital course ("progressive"); and (3) patients who were unstable and required intubation within 12 hours of admission ("severe"). We classified COVID-19 inpatients into three cohorts according to the stability and severity of their respiratory failure: 1) "Mild" (remained on room air or supplemental oxygen); 2) "Progressive" (initially on room air or supplemental oxygen then later required intubation or high-flow nasal cannula); or 3) "Severe" (required intubation within 12 hours of admission) ( Figure S1 and Table 1 ).
cord-348348-vt87zwfr	2008	Purpose: Evaluating the guideline ''Diagnosis and treatment of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus bronchiolitis'' on the number of chest X-rays, C-reactive proteïn (CRP) counts, leukocyte counts, and antibiotic prescriptions in infants admitted to hospital with RS bronchiolitis. Bij een ernstige infec-a r t i k e l e n Samenvatting Doel: Evalueren of invoering van een protocol ''Diagnostiek en behandeling van RS-virus-bronchiolitis'' leidt tot minder thoraxfoto''s, minder C-reactieve proteïne (CRP-) en leukocytenbepalingen en minder antibioticavoorschriften bij opgenomen kinderen met respiratoir syncytieel (RS-)bronchiolitis. Onze gegevens ondersteunen een restrictief beleid met betrekking tot het verrichten van thoraxfoto''s, CRP-en leukocytenbepalingen bij in het ziekenhuis opgenomen kinderen met RS-virus-bronchiolitis. [13] [14] [15] Het op onze afdeling in 2003 ingevoerde protocol ''Diagnostiek en behandeling van RS-virus-bronchiolitis'' gaat uit van terughoudendheid in het verrichten van aanvullend onderzoek (CRP, leukocyten, thoraxfoto) en het geven van antibiotica, omdat het immers om een virale aandoening gaat.
cord-353116-7t1prfkr	2020	BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, risk factors for severe infection included pre-existing renal disease (odds ratio [OR], 7.4; 95% CI 2.5-22.0), oxygen requirement at hospitalization (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3-6.7), acute renal injury (OR, 2.7; 95% CI 1.3-5.6) and initial CRP (OR,1.006; 95% CI, 1.001-1.01). CONCLUSIONS: Acute or pre-existing renal disease, supplemental oxygen at the time of hospitalization and initial CRP were independent predictors for the development of severe COVID-19 infections. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness in the studied cohort were cough (141 including higher white blood cell counts, lower lymphocyte and platelet counts, and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared with those patients with non-severe infection. In our study we report pre-existing renal disease, supplemental oxygen requirement at admission, acute renal insufficiency, and initial CRP value as independent predictors of severe COVID-19 infections.