# pos

id: cord-021492-z2bjkl9g
pos: NNP
token:
  http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/family-stones-pakistani-woman-death-honor-killing-outsidecourt-n115336

lemma:
  http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/family-stones-pakistani-woman-death-honor-killing-outsidecourt-n115336


id: cord-021492-z2bjkl9g
pos: ADD
token:
  http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/qatar-launches-campaign-for-modest-dresscode-for-tourists-9438452.html

lemma:
  http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/qatar-launches-campaign-for-modest-dresscode-for-tourists-9438452.html


id: cord-264974-hspek930
pos: NNP
token:
  www.sixthtone.com/news/1005474/i-spent-seven-weeksin-a-wuhan-icu.-heres-what-i-learned?utm_source=sfmc

lemma:
  www.sixthtone.com/news/1005474/i-spent-seven-weeksin-a-wuhan-icu.-heres-what-i-learned?utm_source=sfmc


# ent

id: cord-022367-xpzx22qg
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Daily Activity Report General Incident Report Loss Report Accident Report Monthly Statistical Report Failure


id: cord-022367-xpzx22qg
type: FAC
entity:
  the Adventure Tourism Industry Causes Consequences and Crisis Management Topics Geo Annual Review National Catastrophes Tourism


id: cord-023140-ytal7wog
type: ORG
entity:
  The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration At Risk Natural Hazards People s Vulnerability and Disasters Tourism


id: cord-017554-yvx1gyp9
type: LAW
entity:
  the International Covenant on Social Economic and Cultural Rights the Convention on the Rights of the Child the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities These


id: cord-017554-yvx1gyp9
type: ORG
entity:
  Inter Governmental Asia Pacific Consultations on Refugees Displaced Persons And Migrants APC Environmental


id: cord-021492-z2bjkl9g
type: ORG
entity:
  United Nations Resources for Speakers on Global Issues Violence Against Women and Girls Ending Violence Against Women and Girls


id: cord-022266-nezgzovk
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Australia Britain New Zealand South Africa and Switzerland and belonged to a larger party of 45 tourists


id: cord-023128-l0jzpxi0
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Future Global Shocks Improving Risk Governance Preliminary Version Normal Accidents Living with High Risk Technologies


id: cord-031232-6cv8n2bf
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Open Label Non Randomized Clinical Trial Clinical Research Methodology and Evidence Based Medicine The Basics Anshan Ltd


id: cord-031232-6cv8n2bf
type: ORG
entity:
  Department of Defense CCRP Publication Series Joint Chiefs of Staff Doctrine for Command Control Communications


id: cord-031232-6cv8n2bf
type: ORG
entity:
  Agile Systems Engineering National Heart Institute National Institutes of Health Public Health Service Federal Security Agency Epidemiological Approaches


id: cord-264974-hspek930
type: ORG
entity:
  CEPI Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations and GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations


id: cord-034834-zap82dta
type: ORG
entity:
  the Monetary Transmission Mechanism Systemic Risk and Hedge Funds Banking System Stability A Cross Atlantic Perspective Financial Systemic Risk Measurement


id: cord-034834-zap82dta
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Twin Crises The Causes of Banking and Balanceof Payments Problems Leading Indicators of Currency Financial Intermediaries and Markets Competition and Financial Stability


id: cord-034834-zap82dta
type: ORG
entity:
  Distinguishing Panics and Information Based Bank Runs Welfare and Policy Implications Banking Panics and Business Cycles


id: cord-034834-zap82dta
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Institutionalist Roots of Macroprudential Ideas Veblen and Galbraith on Regulation Policy Success


id: cord-034834-zap82dta
type: ORG
entity:
  Financial Stability Financial Integration and Liquidity Crises Systemic Risk and Stability in Financial Networks


id: cord-034834-zap82dta
type: ORG
entity:
  Liquidity Risk and Contagion Systemic Risk with Central Clearing Counterparty Design Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper


id: cord-034834-zap82dta
type: ORG
entity:
  No Swiss Finance Institute An Optimization View of Financial Systemic Risk Modeling Network Effect and


id: cord-034834-zap82dta
type: LAW
entity:
  The Joint Impact of Bankruptcy Costs Crossholdings and Fire Sales on Systemic Risk in Financial Networks


id: cord-325409-soeakh46
type: ORG
entity:
  Prestige Oil Spill Disasters Beyond Engagement and Participation User and Community Coproduction of Public Services Collaborative Innovation A Viable Alternative


id: cord-355782-q78ojig8
type: ORG
entity:
  Trust Chicago Security Pacific National Bank Los Angeles First National Bank of Chicago Bankers Trust New York


id: cord-024569-d9opzb6m
type: ORG
entity:
  Amplifying Panic and Facilitating Prevention Multifaceted Effects of Traditional and Social Media Use


id: cord-028618-kn87q7nb
type: EVENT
entity:
  the Blame Game Patriotism or Opinion Leadership the Nature and Origins of the Rally Round the Flag Effect Italy Critics EU


id: cord-330171-l7p0sxqu
type: ORG
entity:
  the Center for Systems Science and Engineering Masculinizing Care Gender Ethics of Care and Fathers Rights Groups Care


id: cord-310775-6d5vi2c5
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Managing Transboundary Crises What Role for the European Union The Crisis Approach Crisis Exploitation Political and Policy Impacts of Framing Contests


id: cord-310775-6d5vi2c5
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  a General Theory of Planning Crises and Crisis Management Toward Comprehensive Government Decision making Available


# bib

id: cord-017351-73hlwwdh
title: Studying Future Disasters and Crises: A Heuristic Approach
author: Quarantelli, E. L.
date: 2017-09-12
txt: ./txt/cord-017351-73hlwwdh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-017351-73hlwwdh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121892/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-63254-4_4
summary:
  The literature on crisis and disaster research suggests that we are at another important historical juncture with the emergence of a new distinctive class of disasters and crises not often seen before (Ansell, Boin, & Keller, 2010; Helsloot, Boin, Jacobs, & Comfort, 2012; Tierney, 2014) . In short, societies have continually evolved groups and procedures to try to prevent old and new risks and threats from escalating into disasters and crises. To answer this question, we considered what social science studies and reports had found about behavior in disasters and crises up to the present time. To suggest the importance of cross-societal and cross-cultural differences is simply to suggest that good social science research needs to take differences into account while at the same time searching for universal principles about disasters and crises. There are always new or emergent groups at times of major disasters and crises, but in transboundary events they appear at a much higher rate.

abstract:
  Over time, new types of crises and disasters have emerged. We argue that new types of adversity will continue to emerge. In this chapter, we offer a framework to study and interpret new forms of crises and disasters. This framework is informed by historical insights on societal interpretations of crises and disasters. We are particularly focused here on the rise of transboundary crises – those crises that traverse boundaries between countries and policy systems. We identify the characteristics of these transboundary disruptions, sketch a few scenarios and explore the societal vulnerabilities to this type of threat. We end by discussing some possible implications for planning and preparation practices.


id: cord-017554-yvx1gyp9
title: Forced Migration and Refugee Policy
author: Martin, Susan F.
date: 2017-09-15
txt: ./txt/cord-017554-yvx1gyp9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-017554-yvx1gyp9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122144/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-67147-5_14
summary:
  Migration resulting from these natural and man-made events may correspond to current international, regional and national frameworks that are designed to protect and assist refugees-that is, persons who flee across an international boundary because of a well-founded fear of persecution-but often, these movements fall outside of the more traditional legal norms and policies. These crises lead to many different forms of displacement, including internal and cross border movements of nationals, evacuation of migrant workers, sea-borne departures that often involve unseaworthy vessels, and trafficking of persons. The State-led Nansen Initiative on cross-border disaster displacement issued an Agenda for Protection that spells out actions that governments can take today to provide humanitarian relief to persons requiring either admission or non-return in these contexts.

abstract:
  This chapter focuses on international, regional and national legal norms, policies, organizational roles and relations and good practices that are applicable to a broad range of humanitarian crises that have migration consequences. These crises and the resulting displacement differ by their causes, intensity, geography, phases and affected populations. The chapter examines movements stemming directly and indirectly from: persecution, armed conflict, extreme natural hazards that cause extensive destruction of lives and infrastructure; slower onset environmental degradation, such as drought and desertification, which undermine livelihoods; manmade environmental disasters, such as nuclear accidents, which destroy habitat and livelihoods; communal violence, civil strife and political instability; and global pandemics that cause high levels of mortality and morbidity. Demographic trends are themselves drivers of displacement in conjunction with other factors. This can play out in two ways—demography as a macro-level factor and demographic composition as a micro-level driver of movement. The chapter compares the paucity of legal, policy and institutional frameworks for addressing crisis-related movements with the more abundant frameworks for addressing the consequences of refugee movements. The chapter discusses the policy implications of the findings, positing that State-led initiatives such as the Nansen and Migrants in Countries in Crisis initiatives are useful mechanisms to fill protection gaps in the absence of political will to adopt and implement more binding legal frameworks. It also argues that, in the context of slow onset climate change, in particular, there is a need for better understanding of how population density, distribution and growth as well as household composition affect vulnerability and resilience to the drivers of displacement.


id: cord-021492-z2bjkl9g
title: Planning for known and unknown risks
author: Brossman, Charles
date: 2016-04-15
txt: ./txt/cord-021492-z2bjkl9g.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-021492-z2bjkl9g.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150012/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801925-2.00001-1
summary:
  In some countries, lack of planning or resources to support business travelers has the potential to be grounds for claims of negligence in a company''s duty of care responsibilities, and can lead to a criminal offense, such as with the United Kingdom''s (UK) Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act of 2007. The chief operating officer at iJET, John Rose, comments that, "A percentage of calls into our crisis response center are for minor, individual medical issues." However, callers may not always know that the situation is minor until they reach someone for support, which is why having an easy-to-identify, easy-to-access, single contact number or hotline for medical and security support is so important to all companies. All of these considerations provide a strong business case for why employers should have unique and specific programs in place for medical services and evacuations for employees and contractors traveling abroad in addition to their standard domestic health care plans and workers'' compensation plans.

abstract:
  This chapter covers standard definitions of duty of care, example case law where employer duty of care was applicable, a variety of sample risks and concerns that employers and travelers should be aware of, in context with a travel risk management program.


id: cord-022266-nezgzovk
title: Tourism and Health Crises
author: Henderson, Joan C.
date: 2009-11-16
txt: ./txt/cord-022266-nezgzovk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022266-nezgzovk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155505/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7506-7834-6.50008-9
abstract: nan
summary:
  Such situations and approaches to their resolution represent the subject of this chapter in which health risks when traveling and on arrival at destinations are considered, with a section devoted to infectious diseases affecting humans and animals and birds. Health is a major public and private concern in general and a key element in destination choice and visitor satisfaction, with individuals and the tourism industry likely to shun environments where there might be a risk to tourist well-being. Some studies have concluded that the health of as many as 50% of participants is impaired by the experience of international tourism (Dawood, 1989) and the rise in foreign travel has been accompanied by an increased incidence of disease, especially that of a tropical nature (Connor, 2005) . Some initiatives to minimize unnecessary dangers and avoid serious injuries in the fi eld of adventure tourism are operator accreditation schemes, strict health and safety rules, codes of conduct, staff training and the education and prior assessment of participants (Bentley and Page, 2001) .


id: cord-022367-xpzx22qg
title: Risk management
author: Murphy, Peter E.
date: 2009-11-16
txt: ./txt/cord-022367-xpzx22qg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022367-xpzx22qg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155619/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7506-6661-9.50014-0
abstract: nan
summary:
  Resort management risk not only involves both demand and supply considerations, it can range in scale from minor yet important internal issues like a lack of staff in crucial situations and places to overwhelming natural disasters or human external interventions like terrorism or financial crises. Adventure tourism operations must be identified in terms of their real risk, and even when they are outsourced to separate organizations with their own liability insurance, their professionalism and record will still impact on a resort''s reputation and business. (de Sausmarez, 2004: 4) It is only when tourism in general and the resort component in particular are shown to be significant local and regional socioeconomic activities that governments and planners will consider them seriously and integrate their needs into macro-crisis management planning. If resorts and tourism are to integrate crisis management with their sustainable development philosophy they will need to identify the anticipated areas of greatest risk.


id: cord-022394-bbdls7jv
title: Economic Tourism Crises
author: Henderson, Joan C.
date: 2009-11-16
txt: ./txt/cord-022394-bbdls7jv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022394-bbdls7jv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155646/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7506-7834-6.50003-x
abstract: nan
summary:
  An absence of funds and uncertain investment climate could lead to a crisis for the tourism industry, compounded by the political and social tensions that frequently accompany economic turbulence. An exceptionally strong currency may deter inbound visitors but encourage outbound travel, as demonstrated by Switzerland, where the hotel industry confronted a crisis due to uncompetitive prices in the 1990s. Business had already slumped because of terrorism, the Iraq war and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus which resulted in a number of airline bankruptcies worldwide and government intervention and fi nancial aid to prevent further collapses (BBC News, 2004) Volatile oil prices seem set to continue, but the civil aviation industry appears to have learned lessons from recent experiences about the necessity of planning ahead and taking action to reduce exposure to escalating charges. 3. Which economic impacts of tourism could result in a crisis for the industry?


id: cord-023104-dpftawj3
title: The Transboundary Crisis: Why we are unprepared and the road ahead
author: Boin, Arjen
date: 2018-07-22
txt: ./txt/cord-023104-dpftawj3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-023104-dpftawj3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166836/
doi: 10.1111/1468-5973.12241
summary:
  When threats emanate from this transboundary space, national governments are often surprised and discover that existing crisis management arrangements do not suffice. The bottom line is that we need to rethink traditional crisis management arrangements in order to prepare for these increasingly common type of threats. This roadmap hinges on a strategic choice between two options that emerge from our discussion of theory: move backward by decoupling from modern systems or move forward by strengthening transboundary crisis management capacities. Transboundary crises may come in different guises, but they share common characteristics that make them difficult to manage: The Transboundary Crisis brings a critical challenge to any administrative system that is based on boundaries and demarcation. By formulating transboundary crisis management as a collective action problem, we can apply theoretical insights from this body of research. Build transboundary crisis management institutions. New processes and forms of organization that can effectively address the Transboundary Crisis.

abstract:
  Modern societies rely on complex technological systems that are deeply intertwined with other complex systems that stretch across geographical, judicial and administrative borders. When threats emanate from this transboundary space, national governments are often surprised and discover that existing crisis management arrangements do not suffice. This article describes the political and administrative challenges that accompany transboundary crises. It argues that arrangements and processes that work reasonably well for “bounded” crises are unlikely to work in the case of transboundary crises. It formulates an agenda for political debate and academic research. The bottom line is that we need to rethink traditional crisis management arrangements in order to prepare for these increasingly common type of threats.


id: cord-023128-l0jzpxi0
title: Fractal Crises – A New Path for Crisis Theory and Management
author: Topper, Benjamin
date: 2013-01-10
txt: ./txt/cord-023128-l0jzpxi0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-023128-l0jzpxi0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166992/
doi: 10.1111/1468-5973.12008
summary:
  Outstanding constant features have marked our reflections on the notion of crisis since the end of the 1970s: the vigorous calling for the absolute necessity of a solid theorization so that crisis study could be recognized as a genuine science; frustration due to the extreme difficulty encountered in satisfying conventional demands to secure a grading of academic excellence; hesitation between the addition of case studies, giving way to ever more data, but poor additive knowledge and an extraordinarily difficult theorization, impossible indeed within the usual and normative codes.The whole leading to a contrasted situation made up of undeniable advances in the building of a reference body and in case-study publication, but with repeated calls for a better theorization capable of observing the canons of a noble discipline, well recognized by the scientific world.

abstract:
  This paper is a modest contribution to the vast exploration to be embarked upon as our maps appear increasingly outdated. We will first explore some outmoded ‘taken for granted’ assumptions and visions: this section aims to clarify why the crisis management world has profoundly changed and how the current understanding of crises and theoretical frameworks is becoming increasingly less adequate. Then, we will try to meet the second challenge of this special issue, by suggesting innovative approaches that will contribute to elaborate the building blocks of a theory of crisis management. We will propose a new theoretical framework, through the use of a fractal approach, following the footsteps of Benoit Mandelbrot, in order to rethink and capture the essence of the new theatre of operations that must be dealt with. Throughout, we will show how this original framework could be put into practice and what its limitations and perspectives are.


id: cord-023140-ytal7wog
title: Responding to crisis: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and hotels in Singapore
author: Henderson, Joan C.
date: 2004-12-09
txt: ./txt/cord-023140-ytal7wog.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-023140-ytal7wog.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7167073/
doi: 10.1002/jtr.505
summary:
  title: Responding to crisis: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and hotels in Singapore The sudden outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore in 2003 was a grave crisis for the tourism industry as a whole and highlights the importance of effectively managing and planning for such occurrences. It focuses on how the epidemic impacted on Singapore''s hotel sector and management reactions to it, affording insights into the problems caused by outbreaks of infectious disease at destinations and possible responses. The epidemic of SARS in 2003 was an exceptional crisis for Singapore''s hotels and an exacting test for its managers, in which advances to near normality were dictated by outside developments and agencies as much as their own efforts. Managing a health-related crisis: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore Chaos, crises and disasters: a strategic approach to crisis management in the tourism industry

abstract:
  The sudden outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore in 2003 was a grave crisis for the tourism industry as a whole and highlights the importance of effectively managing and planning for such occurrences. This study looks at the particular consequences of the infectious virus for the hotel sector and reactions to the challenges posed. Further health‐related crises seem inevitable in the modern world and some guidelines for dealing with these are proposed, based on the Singapore experience and an existing framework for tourism crisis management. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


id: cord-023773-sqojhvwx
title: Spanish Economic-Financial Crisis: Social and Academic Interest
author: Araújo-Vila, Noelia
date: 2020-04-21
txt: ./txt/cord-023773-sqojhvwx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-023773-sqojhvwx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7173778/
doi: 10.1007/s41549-020-00045-z
summary:
  The present study analyses the interest of both experts and the general population in the economic-financial crisis that has affected Spain up until 2019. The present work analyses the interest demonstrated by both the general population and economic scholars (and those from related areas) in the economic-financial crisis that affected Spain up until the observed period (2019). Naturally, the goal of the present study was not verifying any previously proposed hypothesis about the interest of academics in the Spanish financial crisis, but simply exploring the trends and patterns in such interest through the analysis of published researches. Related search terms that present a punctual increase include "Spain financial crisis" and "Spanish Economic crisis". The content analysis carried out on the works from the most proliferous authors within the topic indicates that construction is amongst the most addressed industries or sectors in researches related to the crisis.

abstract:
  The present study analyses the interest of both experts and the general population in the economic-financial crisis that has affected Spain up until 2019. To examine the interest of the general users, Google searches were analysed through the Google Trends tool. Meanwhile, the interest of scholars was assessed through the analysis of academic papers published on Scopus, one of the most relevant peer reviewed literature database. To this end, a Scopus search was made for papers containing the fragment “Spanish financial crisis” on their tittles, abstracts, or keywords, which ensued a sample of 632 studies. Findings show that the Spanish financial crisis worries the general population as well as scholars. Peaks in searches by general internet users take place in the years preceding the crisis (2004 and 2005) as well as throughout its duration (2008, 2010, and 2012). Accordingly, the academic interest has also grown substantially up from 2008.


id: cord-024316-nc38gr2f
title: CDJ Editorial—What is this Covid-19 crisis?
author: Meade, Rosie R
date: 2020-04-27
txt: ./txt/cord-024316-nc38gr2f.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-024316-nc38gr2f.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7197604/
doi: 10.1093/cdj/bsaa013
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: CDJ Editorial—What is this Covid-19 crisis? Many who are making the necessary sacrifices for the collective good have never known what it feels like to have their own welfare protected by the state or community. Some governments seem humbled, tentatively steering populations through the crisis, affirming any and all demonstrations of civic responsibility, dripfeeding and parsing restrictions, sequencing the asks according to urgency and legitimacy. Why waste a good crisis, when it''s possible to use it to purge and ''purify'', to spread racism and communal hatred? Community development workers and activists weary of begging Editorial 3 governments for funding for essential services and welfare nets have learned that in the right/wrong circumstances money can be found. We might think of all those who do these things, not because governments or political leaders exhort them to, but because they know and have always known that humanity must be re-socialised, especially at times of crisis.


id: cord-024569-d9opzb6m
author: Seo, Mihye
date: 2019-07-26
txt: ./txt/cord-024569-d9opzb6m.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-024569-d9opzb6m.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7206556/
doi: 10.1177/1077699019857693
summary:
  Using two waves of online panel data collected at two different time points during the MERS crisis, I investigate how individuals'' traditional and social media use during the crisis produced various consequences, including increased MERS knowledge, negative emotions such as fear and anxiety, and direct and indirect facilitation of MERS preventive behaviors. I expected that both traditional and social media use in times of crisis could directly and indirectly facilitate preventive behaviors (via MERS knowledge) and negative emotional responses to the MERS situation. I also expect that traditional and social media use about the Korean MERS crisis stimulated negative emotional responses, which in turn influenced both precautionary and panic behaviors in media users. Using two sets of data collected at two different time points during the 2015 MERS crisis in Korea, I investigated how traditional and social media use influenced MERS knowledge, fear and anxiety about the MERS situation, and adoption of preventive behaviors.

title:
  Amplifying Panic and Facilitating Prevention: Multifaceted Effects of Traditional and Social Media Use During the 2015 MERS Crisis in South Korea

abstract:
  In the context of the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea, this study examines the multifaceted effects of media use considering the current complex media environment. Analysis of a two-wave online panel survey found that traditional media use had a positive influence on MERS knowledge while social media use did not. However, knowledge did not facilitate preventive behaviors. In contrast, negative emotional responses due to media use stimulated desirable behaviors. Furthermore, social media use directly influenced behavioral responses but traditional media use did not show the same effects. Different functions of traditional and social media during an epidemic are discussed.


id: cord-025669-hc9ygnde
author: Pinho, José Carlos
date: 2020-05-30
txt: ./txt/cord-025669-hc9ygnde.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-025669-hc9ygnde.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7261043/
doi: 10.1007/s10843-020-00275-3
summary:
  If governments react to boost growth by stimulating the opportunities perceived by managers, then the negative impact of the crisis can be counterbalanced by strong institutional factor conditions, such as cultural and social norms that encourage entrepreneurship, internal market openness, entrepreneurial education, government programs, among others, even when countries are more negatively affected by unanticipated changes in economic conditions. Considering the previous studies, we may conclude that little attention has been directed at understanding how several institutional factor conditions, viewed by national entrepreneurship experts, impact on the opportunity to create a business, particularly in a global economic crisis context. Irrespective of the type of stream research, several authors maintain that different national institutional factors may contribute to different levels of entrepreneurial activity across countries (Urbano and Alvarez 2014) and, more specifically to increase the opportunities of creating a new business (or start-ups).

title:
  The opportunity to create a business: Systemic banking crisis, institutional factor conditions and trade openness

abstract:
  This study examines the impact of several institutional factor conditions on entrepreneurship in difficult macroeconomic environments such as a systemic banking crisis. It uses data from the National Expert Survey (NES–GEM). A total of 1771 national entrepreneurship experts representing 44 countries were included in the analysis. Using Laeven and Valencia (2013)’s criteria, 20 countries were considered as most affected by the global economic crisis (group 1) and 24 as less affected (included in group 2) in order to test if opportunity perceptions are significantly affected in times of recovery. In terms of findings, the study confirms that institutional factor conditions strongly impact on the opportunity to create a new business regardless of how damaged the economy of countries hit by the crisis was. Among the six institutional factors studied, four are found to be statistically significant and two are partially significant. The interacting effects of systemic banking crisis and the exposure to international conditions kept the previous relationship relatively unchanged. In terms of contributions, the study first highlights the importance of the institutional view in explaining the opportunities to start-up in the aftermath of a crisis. Second, the study compares the proposed relationships between four sub-sample data sets based on trade openness and banking crisis severity. From a practical and government perspective, this study provides a useful picture of the yet limited understanding of the role that institutions and trade openness can play in entrepreneurs’ perceptions and thus in economic recovery dynamics.


id: cord-026376-8doxts85
author: Moorkamp, Matthijs
date: 2020-05-19
txt: ./txt/cord-026376-8doxts85.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-026376-8doxts85.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7276858/
doi: 10.1111/1468-5973.12294
summary:
  title: Organizational synthesis in transboundary crises: Three principles for managing centralization and coordination in the corona virus crisis response Not only does Thompson describe the challenges of centralization and coordination in (transboundary) crisis response organizations, he also hints at a process of organizational synthesis that emerges as the organization swings into action. The more recent notions of sensemaking and organizing concepts (Kuipers & Boin, 2015; Weick, 1979 Weick, , 1995 help to understand how organizational synthesis among many different crisis response actors is achieved when it comes to transboundary crises specifically. The process of organizational synthesis is at the heart of our understanding how crisis response actors in a transboundary crisis successfully deal with the challenges of centralization and coordination in their crisis management. Organizational synthesis in transboundary crises: Three principles for managing centralization and coordination in the corona virus crisis response

title:
  Organizational synthesis in transboundary crises: Three principles for managing centralization and coordination in the corona virus crisis response

abstract:
  Boin (2019) argues that in transboundary crisis management it is almost impossible to achieve centralization and coordination. This article identifies three principles through which actors in a transboundary crisis can balance centralization with autonomy while shaping coordination along the way. We reanalysed three transboundary cases: the Dutch military mission in Afghanistan, the downing of MH17 and hurricane Irma striking Sint‐Maarten. The principles we found are as follows: (a) reformulating key strategic priorities, (b) flexible adaptation of crisis management protocols and (c) the emergence of multifunctional units. With these three principles, we reflect on challenges in the Dutch crisis response to the corona outbreak and propose improvements for progressing current crisis management efforts.


id: cord-027960-qzg2jsz6
title: From Boom to Bust: The Economic Crisis in Spain 2008–2013
author: Royo, Sebastián
date: 2020-06-28
txt: ./txt/cord-027960-qzg2jsz6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-027960-qzg2jsz6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7320871/
doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-53228-2_4
summary:
  Indeed, EMU membership (and the Stability Pact) provided the country with unprecedented stability because it forced successive governments to implement responsible economic policies, which led to greater credibility and the improvement of the ratings of Spain''s public debt (and consequently to lower financing costs). The global liquidity freeze and the surge in commodities, food, and energy prices brought to the fore the unbalances in the Spanish economy: the record current account deficit, persisting inflation, low productivity growth, dwindling competitiveness, increasing unitary labor costs, excess consumption, and low savings, had all set the ground for the current devastating economic crisis (see Royo 2013) . During the years of euphoria following the launching of Europe''s economic and monetary union and prior to the onset of the financial crisis, private capital flowed freely into Spain and, as a result as we have seen, the country ran current account deficits of close to 10% of GDP.

abstract:
  This chapter analyzes the overall economic crisis that started in 2008 in Spain. It is impossible to disentangle the 2008 banking crisis from the overall economic crisis that affected the country at the same time. This chapter looks at the performance of the Spanish economy throughout the 1990s and the first decade of the twentieth century. It examines the reasons for the success of the Spanish economy in the 1990s and provides an overview of the main causes of the 2008–2013 crisis and the governments’ responses.


id: cord-028618-kn87q7nb
title: Democracy and the Politics of Coronavirus: Trust, Blame and Understanding
author: Flinders, Matthew
date: 2020-06-23
txt: ./txt/cord-028618-kn87q7nb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-028618-kn87q7nb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7337828/
doi: 10.1093/pa/gsaa013
summary:
  The first is that the Coronavirus crisis emerged at a time of fundamental concern about the global state of democracy; the second is that the limited data that is currently available suggests the existence of a common crisis-linked ''rallying around the flag'' effect; and (third) that this uplift in public confidence and trust may well prove to be short-lived. It is in the context of this core prediction that this sub-section makes three arguments: (i) the analysis of previous pandemics exposes the existence of a powerful socio-political ''negativity bias''; (ii) politicians will try and manage this situation through a mixture of blame-games and self-preservation strategies; and (iii) it is already possible to identify a dominant strategy in the UK context that for the sake of brevity can be labelled ''hugging the experts''.

abstract:
  This article explores the relationship between crises and democracy through a focus on the unfolding coronavirus pandemic. Its central argument is that to interpret the current pandemic purely in terms of its epidemiology and public health implications risks overlooking its potentially more significant socio-political consequences. This is because the challenges posed by the coronavirus crisis have themselves become overlaid or layered-upon a pre-existing set of concerns regarding the performance, efficiency and capacity of democratic political structures. The aim of this article is to try and understand and warn against what might be termed a rather odd form of cross-contamination whereby the cynicism, negativity and frustration concerning politicians, political processes and political institutions that existed before the coronavirus outbreak is allowed to direct, define and automatically devalue how democratic structures are subsequently judged in terms of how they responded to the challenge. As such, this article focuses on the link between the Coronavirus crisis and the democratic crisis; or, more precisely, the risk that the Coronavirus crisis may mutate into and fuel a broader crisis of democracy.


id: cord-028972-1athnjkh
author: Etemad, Hamid
date: 2020-07-10
txt: ./txt/cord-028972-1athnjkh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-028972-1athnjkh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7349476/
doi: 10.1007/s10843-020-00279-z
abstract: nan
summary:
  The rapidly emerging evidence suggests that the capable, far-sighted, and innovative enterprises perceived the slow-downs, or stoppages in some cases, as an opportunity for starting, or increasing, their alternative ways of sustaining activities, including on-line and remote activities and involvements, in order to compensate for the shrinkage in their pre-COVID demands, while the short-sighted or severely resource-constrained SMEs faced the difficult decision of closure in favor of "survival or self-preservation" strategy, thus losing expansion opportunities. In short, a small firm''s potential exposure to cross-sectional and longitudinal risks and uncertainties is also likely to depend on information on a combination of influential factors, some of which are discussed above; prominent 9 Similar arguments apply to national preparedness and national security over time to shield individual and corporate citizens from bearing short-term or long-term high costs-the national costs per capita may pale relative to the immeasurable costs of human mortalities paid by the deceased people and their families, the massive unemployment, or high costs related to shortages in major crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

title:
  Managing uncertain consequences of a global crisis: SMEs encountering adversities, losses, and new opportunities


id: cord-029228-hgnch1ug
title: Looking beyond COVID‐19: Crisis Leadership Implications for Chairs
author: Gigliotti, Ralph A.
date: 2020-06-30
txt: ./txt/cord-029228-hgnch1ug.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-029228-hgnch1ug.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7361460/
doi: 10.1002/dch.30330
abstract: nan
summary:
  In my research on crisis leadership in higher education, I define crises to be "events or situations of significant magnitude that threaten reputations, impact the lives of those involved in the institution, disrupt the ways in which the organization functions, have a cascading influence on leadership responsibilities and obligations across units/divisions, and require an immediate response from leaders" (Gigliotti 2019, 49) . Effective leadership during times of crisis requires a dual focus on triaging immediate needs while also making strategic decisions that serve the long-term interests of one''s unit, department, or institution. Looking ahead, we will undoubtedly see many changes across our institutions, and the crisis could provide a valuable opportunity to reimagine, reinvent, and renew our work in higher education, all the while remaining sensitive to the needs of students, faculty, and staff.


id: cord-031232-6cv8n2bf
title: Handling the COVID‐19 crisis: Toward an agile model‐based systems approach
author: de Weck, Olivier
date: 2020-08-27
txt: ./txt/cord-031232-6cv8n2bf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031232-6cv8n2bf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7461451/
doi: 10.1002/sys.21557
summary:
  In this paper, authors from several of the key countries involved in COVID‐19 propose a holistic systems model that views the problem from a perspective of human society including the natural environment, human population, health system, and economic system. 34 In order to take into account and to avoid such paradoxical consequences, one must choose a systems approach to analyze the COVID-19 crisis, integrating all existing domains of knowledge into a common understanding of the crisis, in order to obtain a global vision, both in space and time and at different possible observation scales, and thus giving a chance to find the global optimum for human society as a whole. • The lifecycle of the social system can be analyzed to first order in terms of wealth and health, where these features can be, respectively, In a systems approach, we will thus have to construct the different possible global lifecycle scenarios that can be achieved in this way (see Figure 4 for an illustration of this classical process), to evaluate their probabilities and to define means to mitigate the worst consequences.

abstract:
  The COVID‐19 pandemic has caught many nations by surprise and has already caused millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. It has also exposed a deep crisis in modeling and exposed a lack of systems thinking by focusing mainly on only the short term and thinking of this event as only a health crisis. In this paper, authors from several of the key countries involved in COVID‐19 propose a holistic systems model that views the problem from a perspective of human society including the natural environment, human population, health system, and economic system. We model the crisis theoretically as a feedback control problem with delay, and partial controllability and observability. Using a quantitative model of the human population allows us to test different assumptions such as detection threshold, delay to take action, fraction of the population infected, effectiveness and length of confinement strategies, and impact of earlier lifting of social distancing restrictions. Each conceptual scenario is subject to 1000+ Monte‐Carlo simulations and yields both expected and surprising results. For example, we demonstrate through computational experiments that maintaining strict confinement policies for longer than 60 days may indeed be able to suppress lethality below 1% and yield the best health outcomes, but cause economic damages due to lost work that could turn out to be counterproductive in the long term. We conclude by proposing a hierarchical Computerized, Command, Control, and Communications (C4) information system and enterprise architecture for COVID‐19 with real‐time measurements and control actions taken at each level.


id: cord-031885-by4cujyy
author: Guo, Hai
date: 2020-09-15
txt: ./txt/cord-031885-by4cujyy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031885-by4cujyy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7490323/
doi: 10.1186/s11782-020-00087-1
summary:
  The empirical results show that digitalization has enabled SMEs to respond effectively to the public crisis by making use of their dynamic capabilities. Based on data from an online questionnaire survey conducted with 518 Chinese SMEs, the present study explores the relationships among digitalization, crisis response strategies to the COVID-19 outbreak, and the crisis response performance of SMEs. The survey results clearly show that digitalization can help SMEs employ emergency responses as well as respond strategically to public crises in the long run, thus contributing to the improvement in SMEs'' performance. For long-term crisis responses, SMEs prefer to implement digital transformation strategies (0.71) instead of strategic changes in products, markets, and external relations (0.54). As shown in Table 4 , the survey results generally indicate that the digitalization of SMEs is positively associated with the implementation of crisis response strategies, including both short-term emergency responses (p < 0.05) and long-term strategic responses (p < 0.001).

title:
  The digitalization and public crisis responses of small and medium enterprises: Implications from a COVID-19 survey

abstract:
  The COVID-19 outbreak is a global crisis that has placed small and medium enterprises (SMEs) under huge pressure to survive, requiring them to respond effectively to the crisis. SMEs have adopted various digital technologies to cope with this crisis. Using a data set from a survey with 518 Chinese SMEs, the study examines the relationship between SMEs’ digitalization and their public crisis responses. The empirical results show that digitalization has enabled SMEs to respond effectively to the public crisis by making use of their dynamic capabilities. In addition, digitalization can help improve SMEs’ performance. We propose a theoretical framework of digitalization and crisis responses for SMEs and present three avenues for future research.


id: cord-034509-t1hkwoo2
title: Art and culture in the COVID-19 era: for a consumer-oriented approach
author: Radermecker, Anne-Sophie V.
date: 2020-11-02
txt: ./txt/cord-034509-t1hkwoo2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-034509-t1hkwoo2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7605142/
doi: 10.1007/s43546-020-00003-y
summary:
  Beyond short-term initiatives such as surveys or data collection aiming to provide artists and intermediaries with financial and logistical supports, both academics and practitioners must engage in joined-up thinking on the future of art consumption, especially from a consumer''s perspective. The social experience of art consumption has been severely affected by the sanitary crisis, and the consumers'' willingness to attend large-scale cultural manifestations and to pay for online cultural goods and services will be decisive for the future of the sector. If education and incomes are known to influence art consumption (Kurabayashi and Ito 1992) , the current crisis has urged cultural institutions and industries to get a better sense of what their publics and consumers need, value, and expect when traditional consumption patterns are seriously challenged.

abstract:
  Since the outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic, the arts and culture sector has been experiencing a paradoxical situation. While the demand for cultural and creative content has intensified throughout the lockdown period––and digital access has become more critical than ever before––economic indicators predict that the cultural sector will be one of the most affected, and probably one of the slowest to recover. Beyond short-term initiatives such as surveys or data collection aiming to provide artists and intermediaries with financial and logistical supports, both academics and practitioners must engage in joined-up thinking on the future of art consumption, especially from a consumer’s perspective. This commentary paper addresses the main challenges faced by the economy of arts and culture in times of global health crisis by pinpointing the specificities of cultural goods and services. More specifically, the paper shows the extent to which traditional patterns of consumption have been affected, and what research is needed to develop sustainable solutions. We argue that consumers will be critical players in the recovery process, and four research directions are suggested accordingly: (1) data collection on consumers’ cultural practices; (2) consumers and the digital cultural experience; (3) consumers’ engagement and loyalty in the arts and culture; and (4) consumers’ well-being.


id: cord-034834-zap82dta
title: A Review of Micro-Based Systemic Risk Research from Multiple Perspectives
author: Bai, Xiao
date: 2020-06-27
txt: ./txt/cord-034834-zap82dta.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-034834-zap82dta.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7517248/
doi: 10.3390/e22070711
summary:
  Meanwhile, cross-disciplinary research methods from other disciplines have been introduced, such as the introduction of complex network models when studying the structural stability of the system, linking the contagious effects of financial systemic risks to the transmission pathways of infectious diseases or bio-food chains [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] , establishing new measures to measure systemic risk [7] [8] [9] [10] . Therefore, although the academic community still has differences in the definition of systemic risks, by comparing the concepts of systemic risk and financial crisis, and summarizing the definition of systemic risk in the academic world, the concept of systemic risk can be defined from an economic perspective: triggered by macro or micro-events, the institutions in the system are subjected to negative impacts, and more organizations are involved in risk diffusion and the existence of internal correlations strengthens the feedback mechanism, causing the system as a whole to face the risk of collapse.

abstract:
  The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about a heavy impact on the world economy, which arouses growing concerns about potential systemic risk, taking place in countries and regions. At this critical moment, it makes sense to interpret the systemic risk from the perspective of the financial crisis framework. By combing the latest research on systemic risks, we may arrive at some precautions relating to the current events. This literature review verifies the origin of systemic risk research. By comparing the retrieved and screened systemic literature with the relevant research on the financial crisis, more focus on the micro-foundations of systemic risk has been discovered. Besides, the measurement methods of systemic risks and the introduction of interdisciplinary methods have made the research in this field particularly active. This paper synthesizes the previous research conclusions to find the appropriate definition of systemic risk and combs the research literature of systemic risk from two lines: Firstly, conducting the division according to the sub-branch fields within the financial discipline and the relevant interdisciplinary research methods, which is helpful for scholars within and outside the discipline to have a more systematic understanding of the research in this field. Secondly predicting the research direction that can be expanded in this field.


id: cord-241351-li476eqy
title: CrisisBERT: a Robust Transformer for Crisis Classification and Contextual Crisis Embedding
author: Liu, Junhua
date: 2020-05-11
txt: ./txt/cord-241351-li476eqy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-241351-li476eqy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.06627v2.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  However, none of the works perform crisis embedding and classification using state of the art attention-based deep neural networks models, such as Transformers and document-level contextual embeddings. This work proposes CrisisBERT, an end-to-end transformer-based model for two crisis classification tasks, namely crisis detection and crisis recognition, which shows promising results across accuracy and f1 scores. While prior works report remarkable performance on various crisis classification tasks using NN models and word embeddings, no studies are found to leverage the most recent Natural Language Understanding (NLU) techniques, such as attention-based deep classification models [21] and document-level contextual embeddings [22] , which reportedly improve state-of-the-art performance for many challenging natural language problems from upstream tasks such as Named Entity Recognition and Part of Speech Tagging, to downstream tasks such as Machine Translation and Neural Conversation. In this work, we investigate the transformer approach for crisis classification tasks and propose CrisisBERT, a transformer-based classification model that surpasses conventional linear and deep learning models in performance and robustness.

abstract:
  Classification of crisis events, such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks and pandemics, is a crucial task to create early signals and inform relevant parties for spontaneous actions to reduce overall damage. Despite crisis such as natural disasters can be predicted by professional institutions, certain events are first signaled by civilians, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemics. Social media platforms such as Twitter often exposes firsthand signals on such crises through high volume information exchange over half a billion tweets posted daily. Prior works proposed various crisis embeddings and classification using conventional Machine Learning and Neural Network models. However, none of the works perform crisis embedding and classification using state of the art attention-based deep neural networks models, such as Transformers and document-level contextual embeddings. This work proposes CrisisBERT, an end-to-end transformer-based model for two crisis classification tasks, namely crisis detection and crisis recognition, which shows promising results across accuracy and f1 scores. The proposed model also demonstrates superior robustness over benchmark, as it shows marginal performance compromise while extending from 6 to 36 events with only 51.4% additional data points. We also proposed Crisis2Vec, an attention-based, document-level contextual embedding architecture for crisis embedding, which achieve better performance than conventional crisis embedding methods such as Word2Vec and GloVe. To the best of our knowledge, our works are first to propose using transformer-based crisis classification and document-level contextual crisis embedding in the literature.


id: cord-262552-smkglves
author: Al Eid, Nawal A.
date: 2020-06-19
txt: ./txt/cord-262552-smkglves.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-262552-smkglves.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2217
doi: 10.1002/pa.2217
summary:
  The results of the qualitative analysis of the verses of the Qur''an and the hadiths of the Prophet''s noble Sunnah have resulted in four concepts that constitute a broad conceptual theory of crisis management according to the Islamic approach. The study applying the content analysis of the texts of the Noble Qur''an, the hadiths of the Prophet''s Sunnah, and extrapolating how crises were managed according to the Islamic approach, and the steps that were followed in managing these crises, in order to develop a theory clarifying crisis management in Islam.

title:
  Crisis and disaster management in the light of the Islamic approach: COVID‐19 pandemic crisis as a model (a qualitative study using the grounded theory)

abstract:
  The current study sought to generate a theory from the data on crisis management in Islam, and also aimed to identify the strategies used by leaders in the crisis management process. The grounded theory approach was applied, which is one of the qualitative designs. The content of the verses of the Noble Qur'an and the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad that dealt with the issue of crises were analyzed. The results of the qualitative analysis of the verses of the Qur'an and the hadiths of the Prophet's noble Sunnah have resulted in four concepts that constitute a broad conceptual theory of crisis management according to the Islamic approach. These concepts are: Crisis management strategies in Islam, the stages of crisis management, the characteristics of a leader who manages crises, and the roles of a leader during the crisis management process. A number of assumptions have been made of this generated theory about Islamic crisis management model. In light of the results of this study, recommendations were formulated that indicate the necessity of training leaders in the Islamic approach to crisis management, its strategies and its scientific steps in crisis management. These results have wide applications in the field of training leaders, and also recommend future studies to verify the assumptions of the theory that emerged from the data in this study on crisis management in Islam (COVID‐19 pandemic crisis as a model).


id: cord-263672-iuo7ukaz
title: What Policies Address Both the Coronavirus Crisis and the Climate Crisis?
author: Engström, Gustav
date: 2020-07-31
txt: ./txt/cord-263672-iuo7ukaz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-263672-iuo7ukaz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836841/
doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00451-y
summary:
  By pursuing policies that can both alleviate the economic recession caused by the coronavirus and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the current crisis presents an opportunity to put the world on a new trajectory with a lower risk of future climate calamities. Many coronavirus policies have temporary effects on carbon emissions (e.g., reduced traffic due to a lockdown), but we see such temporary effects as unimportant, given the long timescales involved in anthropogenic climate change (Le Quéré et al. We present a set of policies that can help reduce the economic fallout of the coronavirus crisis, and simultaneously aid societies in meeting climate change mitigation targets in the longer run. Our goal is to evaluate policies in terms of their potential to mitigate the economic fallout of the coronavirus pandemic, and their long-term effect on climate change.

abstract:
  The coronavirus pandemic has led many countries to initiate unprecedented economic recovery packages. Policymakers tackling the coronavirus crisis have also been encouraged to prioritize policies which help mitigate a second, looming crisis: climate change. We identify and analyze policies that combat both the coronavirus crisis and the climate crisis. We analyze both the long-run climate impacts from coronavirus-related economic recovery policies, and the impacts of long-run climate policies on economic recovery and public health post-recession. We base our analysis on data on emissions, employment and corona-related layoffs across sectors, and on previous research. We show that, among climate policies, labor-intensive green infrastructure projects, planting trees, and in particular pricing carbon coupled with reduced labor taxation boost economic recovery. Among coronavirus policies, aiding services sectors (leisure services such as restaurants and culture, or professional services such as technology), education and the healthcare sector appear most promising, being labor intensive yet low-emission—if such sectoral aid is conditioned on being directed towards employment and on low-carbon supply chains. Large-scale green infrastructure projects and green R&D investment, while good for the climate, are unlikely to generate enough employment to effectively alleviate the coronavirus crisis. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10640-020-00451-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-264974-hspek930
author: Timmis, Kenneth
date: 2020-05-03
txt: ./txt/cord-264974-hspek930.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-264974-hspek930.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32319151/
doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15029
abstract: nan
summary:
  If, despite the explicit warning of the World Health Organization in 2011 that ''The world is ill-prepared to respond to a severe influenza pandemic or to any similarly global, sustained and threatening public-health emergency'' (https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA64/A64_10en.pdf), it was not apparent to those in charge, and to the general public-i.e., those suffering from COVID-19 infections and the funders of health services (tax/insurance payers)-that existing health systems had inherent vulnerabilities which could prove to be devastating when seriously stressed, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (e.g., see Brüssow, 2020 ) has brutally exposed it now. International benchmarking is mandatory, because it has become clear that there is a wide range of effectiveness in the ability of different countries with developed economies to respond to this crisis (and probably others), and the tax-paying public has no compelling reason to tolerate perpetuation of factors underlying poor responses to crises.

title:
  The COVID‐19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits


id: cord-269200-9h2mmp0j
author: Al-Azri, Nasser Hammad
date: 2020-10-05
txt: ./txt/cord-269200-9h2mmp0j.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-269200-9h2mmp0j.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2020.20.03.001
doi: 10.18295/squmj.2020.20.03.001
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Antifragility Amid the COVID-19 Crisis: Making healthcare systems thrive through generic organisational skills The current global outbreak of COVID-19 presents exceptional challenges that can serve as an opportunity for healthcare systems to thrive and boost their antifragility as the pandemic continues to spread and evolve over time. Hence, the focus of this article is on crisis management through the lens of five critical generic organisational skills that give healthcare systems an opportunity to grow and thrive amid the COVID-19 pandemic. 6 The following discussion briefly presents an example of five generic organisational skills that give healthcare systems a chance to boost their antifragility in a VUCA environment like the current COVID-19 crisis. By focusing on both specific and generic organisational skills, systems will not only survive through the crisis but will also grow and thrive towards antifragility.

title:
  Antifragility Amid the COVID-19 Crisis: Making healthcare systems thrive through generic organisational skills


id: cord-270885-wkczsrgu
title: Modelling the Distributional impact of the Covid‐19 Crisis(1)
author: O''Donoghue, Cathal
date: 2020-06-17
txt: ./txt/cord-270885-wkczsrgu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-270885-wkczsrgu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-5890.12231
doi: 10.1111/1475-5890.12231
summary:
  We combine nowcasting methods using up-todate data from Live Registers, official reports on the labour market and policy impacts of COVID-19 with the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and a household income generation model to predict the distributional impact and the fiscal costs of the COVID-19. We overcome this challenge by proposing a more nuanced approach based on a ''nowcasting'' methodology (O''Donoghue and Loughrey, 2014) which combines the latest available European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data with recent data on employment and prices to calibrate a microsimulation model of household incomes, taxes and benefits to produce a real time picture of the population and to identify who is affected differentially (Atkinson et al, 2002) . However, given the nature of the shock, and the multi-faceted impact on household living standards, it is necessary to utilise an augmented version of disposable income, which takes into account also work-related expenditures (childcare, commuting), housing costs and capital losses.

abstract:
  The COVID‐19 emergency has had a dramatic impact on market incomes and income support policies. The lack of timely available data constrains the estimation of the scale and direction of recent changes in the income distribution, which in turn constrain policymakers seeking to monitor such developments. We overcome the lack of data by proposing a dynamic calibrated microsimulation approach to generate counterfactual income distributions as a function of more timely external data than is available in dated income surveys. We combine nowcasting methods using publicly available data and a household income generation model to perform the first calibrated simulation based upon actual data aiming to assess the distributional implications of the COVID‐19 crisis in Ireland. Overall, we find that the crisis had an equalizing real‐time effect for both gross and disposable incomes, notwithstanding the significant hardship experienced by many households. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved


id: cord-275542-dpay83k8
title: Modeling Airline Crisis Management Capability: Brand attitude, brand credibility and intention
author: Hsiu-Ying Kao, Grace
date: 2020-08-23
txt: ./txt/cord-275542-dpay83k8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-275542-dpay83k8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969699720304786
doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101894
summary:
  This paper, therefore, proposes a cause-effects model of perceived airline crisis management capabilities and their influence on brand credibility, brand attitude and purchase intention in the aftermath of large-scale Taiwanese airline strikes. In particular, further insight is needed on how passengers might perceive the relationship of crisis management capabilities on their attitudes to the airline brand, its credibility and their subsequent intention to use. Having developed the model of airline crisis management capabilities and their influence on brand attitude, credibility and intention to use, the study now provides detail of the methodology. Since the construct of perception of airline crisis management capability didn''t have a significant influence on air passengers'' intention, we proceeded to examine the mediating effects (Sobel, 1982) of brand attitude (BA) and brand credibility (BC). The purpose of this research was to propose a cause-effects model of perceived airline crisis management capabilities and their influence on brand credibility, brand attitude and purchase intention in the aftermath of large-scale Taiwanese airline strikes.

abstract:
  Crisis management consists of a number of capabilities which evaluate crisis signals and implements actions to minimize damage. Both identifying these capabilities and understanding their influence on perceptions of brand attitude, credibility and intention to purchase offers significant theoretical and managerial insights. This paper, therefore, proposes a cause-effects model of perceived airline crisis management capabilities and their influence on brand credibility, brand attitude and purchase intention in the aftermath of large-scale Taiwanese airline strikes. Using data collected via an online survey, the study makes three contributions to airline crisis management. It, firstly, identifies a set of crisis management capabilities for strike-hit airlines, secondly, it offers a causal chain of perceived airline crisis management capabilities, brand attitude, brand credibility and purchase intention. Furthermore, it the full mediating effects of brand credibility and brand attitude in the causal chain. This study, thus, makes conceptual and methodological contributions to crisis management and purchase intention research and provides practical insights into effective airline crisis management and brand management for the airline industry.


id: cord-276204-ibmnuj5u
title: Covid-19 and entrepreneurship education: Implications for advancing research and practice
author: Ratten, Vanessa
date: 2020-10-20
txt: ./txt/cord-276204-ibmnuj5u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-276204-ibmnuj5u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472811720303992?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100432
summary:
  Due to the large global impact COVID-19 has had on society, new entrepreneurial education management practices are required to deal with the change. A recent review article on entrepreneurship research by Ferreira, Fernandes and Kraus (2020 found that entrepreneurial principles can be analysed in many different ways depending on the environmental context including health, technology and social-related concerns. In this commentary, we explore the way to encourage entrepreneurial intention in students by focusing on the effects of COVID-19 on entrepreneurship education. Given that the global management education environment has significantly changed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic the content of entrepreneurship education programs varies with some valuing a practical and immersive experience more than others. Measuring the impact of business management student''s attitudes towards entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention: A case study.

abstract:
  This article aims at critically examining the linkage between entrepreneurship education and COVID-19 in order to help understand future research and practice paths. Due to the large global impact COVID-19 has had on society, new entrepreneurial education management practices are required to deal with the change. To do this, this article discusses why COVID-19 can be a transformational opportunity for entrepreneurship education research due to the new thought processes raised by the pandemic. The article suggests several assumptions that have changed as a result of COVID-19 and how entrepreneurship education is required in order to help solve the pandemic. By doing this, the article suggests that more entrepreneurship education research embedding a COVID-19 context is required to breakthrough new frontiers and reset the research agenda. By taking an entrepreneurial stakeholder perspective that looks at entrepreneurship education as a holistic process, an enhanced analysis of how response mechanisms including recovery and change are conducted can be made. This enables a way to view the COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity for more attention placed on the importance of entrepreneurship education for society.


id: cord-280929-4aa20cut
title: Reflecting upon vulnerable and dependent bodies during the COVID‐19 crisis
author: Clavijo, Nathalie
date: 2020-05-07
txt: ./txt/cord-280929-4aa20cut.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-280929-4aa20cut.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12460
doi: 10.1111/gwao.12460
summary:
  I reflect on how this crisis is letting the most vulnerable in situations of survival because the infrastructures (Butler, 2016) that support our bodies are not functioning. keywords: vulnerability; gender; Covid-19; dominated occupations Before embracing an academic career, I worked for several years in a company where I was a management accountant. Many parents are experiencing right now the same difficult days I am going through: organizing my work, working sometimes at 5 am because I really cannot think of any other timeslot for work, my zoom conferences while my sons are playing in the room next door, homeschooling a 12-year-old boy, a 9-year-old boy and a 4year-old boy at the same time, thinking about meals, laundry, calling family to make sure everyone is fine etc. our lives have collapsed, part of the reason is because some of the infrastructures (associations, schools, day care, stores, offices…) that support our bodies (Butler, 2016) are not functioning during this crisis.

abstract:
  This paper is a short narrative on how feminism helped me find a balance in my life and how this balance has been disrupted with the Covid‐19 crisis. I reflect on how this crisis is showing our vulnerabilities as human beings. This crisis reflects how our bodies depend on each other, moving away from the dominant patriarchal ontology that perceives bodies as being independent (Butler, 2016). I reflect on how this crisis is letting the most vulnerable in situations of survival because the infrastructures (Butler, 2016) that support our bodies are not functioning. At the same time, this crisis is providing visibility to certain occupations that are dominated by issues of race, class and gender. These occupations are being at least temporarily rehabilitated to their central position in society. We are living a time where we could show, through our teaching, possible resistance to the neoliberal ontology that captured humanity.


id: cord-285721-2fimkpd8
title: On detecting urgency in short crisis messages using minimal supervision and transfer learning
author: Kejriwal, Mayank
date: 2020-07-08
txt: ./txt/cord-285721-2fimkpd8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285721-2fimkpd8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-020-00670-7
doi: 10.1007/s13278-020-00670-7
summary:
  To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such paper investigating the problem of urgency detection in social media, both algorithmically and empirically, for arbitrary disasters in low-supervision and transfer learning settings. More generally, projects like CrisisLex, Crisis Computing 4 and EPIC (Empowering the Public with Information in Crisis) have emerged as major efforts in the crisis informatics space due to two reasons: First, the abundance and fine granularity of social media data implies that mining such data during crises can lead to robust, real-time responses; second, the recognition that any technology that is thus developed must also address the inherent challenges (including problems of noise, scale and irrelevance) in working with such datasets. Other relevant work in crisis informatics, both in terms of defining ''actionable information'' problems like urgency and need mining, and providing multimodal Twitter datasets from natural disasters, may be found in (He et al.

abstract:
  Humanitarian disasters have been on the rise in recent years due to the effects of climate change and socio-political situations such as the refugee crisis. Technology can be used to best mobilize resources such as food and water in the event of a natural disaster, by semi-automatically flagging tweets and short messages as indicating an urgent need. The problem is challenging not just because of the sparseness of data in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, but because of the varying characteristics of disasters in developing countries (making it difficult to train just one system) and the noise and quirks in social media. In this paper, we present a robust, low-supervision social media urgency system that adapts to arbitrary crises by leveraging both labeled and unlabeled data in an ensemble setting. The system is also able to adapt to new crises where an unlabeled background corpus may not be available yet by utilizing a simple and effective transfer learning methodology. Experimentally, our transfer learning and low-supervision approaches are found to outperform viable baselines with high significance on myriad disaster datasets.


id: cord-289981-ut61qxyc
title: Tourism crises and island destinations: Experiences in Penang, Malaysia
author: Ghaderi, Zahed
date: 2012-04-26
txt: ./txt/cord-289981-ut61qxyc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-289981-ut61qxyc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32289006/
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2012.03.006
summary:
  Crisis management and tourism is attracting increasing attention as an industry practice and subject of academic enquiry, not least in South East Asia which has been affected by a number of severe crises in recent years. The destination is also seen to recover fairly quickly from experiences of crises, but a well designed and formulated tourism crisis management plan under the stewardship of the public sector is necessary to mitigate further damage in the future. Although there is an expanding volume of research on tourism crisis management, the field is relatively new and few studies have investigated the effects of tourism crises in Malaysia as a whole and Penang in particular. Well designed and executed tourism crisis management plans under the stewardship of official agencies are vital to minimise risks and mitigate the damaging impacts of the crises that will inevitably occur in the future.

abstract:
  Crisis management and tourism is attracting increasing attention as an industry practice and subject of academic enquiry, not least in South East Asia which has been affected by a number of severe crises in recent years. However, organisations are not always well prepared and response strategies can be deficient. The paper discusses issues of tourism crisis management with specific reference to the popular Malaysian destination of Penang. Findings are based on qualitative research consisting of semi-structured interviews with industry leaders from assorted sectors. Tourism in Penang emerges as vulnerable to regional and global events which act as a trigger for tourism crises, demanding a response in which various strategies are employed. The destination is also seen to recover fairly quickly from experiences of crises, but a well designed and formulated tourism crisis management plan under the stewardship of the public sector is necessary to mitigate further damage in the future.


id: cord-296500-hrxj6tcv
author: Bunker, Deborah
date: 2020-08-04
txt: ./txt/cord-296500-hrxj6tcv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-296500-hrxj6tcv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0268401220311555
doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102201
summary:
  There have been many social and economic benefits to this digital disruption, but it has also largely contributed to the digital destruction of mental model alignment and shared situational awareness through the propagation of mis-information i.e. reinforcement of dissonant mental models by recommender algorithms, bots and trusted individual platform users (influencers). Some examples 9 of misinformation propagated during the current pandemic include: Dissonant mental models are reinforced by recommender algorithms (Lanzing, 2019 ), bots (McKenna, 2020 and trusted individual platform users or influencers (Enke & Borchers, 2019) resulting in alarming levels of digital destruction which is turn undermines social cohesion and creates a barrier to shared situational awareness and effective crisis response. When digital destruction produces mental model dissonance shared situational awareness between crisis management agencies and the general public becomes impossible to maintain and communicate (both to and from) due to inconsistencies in what constitutes reality and truth, making crisis response unmanageable.

title:
  Who do you trust? The digital destruction of shared situational awareness and the COVID-19 infodemic

abstract:
  Developments in centrally managed communications (e.g. Twitter, Facebook) and service (e.g. Uber, airbnb) platforms, search engines and data aggregation (e.g. Google) as well as data analytics and artificial intelligence, have created an era of digital disruption during the last decade. Individual user profiles are produced by platform providers to make money from tracking, predicting, exploiting and influencing their users’ decision preferences and behavior, while product and service providers transform their business models by targeting potential customers with more accuracy. There have been many social and economic benefits to this digital disruption, but it has also largely contributed to the digital destruction of mental model alignment and shared situational awareness through the propagation of mis-information i.e. reinforcement of dissonant mental models by recommender algorithms, bots and trusted individual platform users (influencers). To mitigate this process of digital destruction, new methods and approaches to the centralized management of these platforms are needed to build on and encourage trust in the actors that use them (and by association trust in their mental models). The global ‘infodemic’ resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, highlights the current problem confronting the information system discipline and the urgency of finding workable solutions .


id: cord-300223-ehabkd78
title: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Is Reshaping the Trade Landscape and What to Do About It
author: Jean, Sébastien
date: 2020-06-07
txt: ./txt/cord-300223-ehabkd78.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-300223-ehabkd78.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32536707/
doi: 10.1007/s10272-020-0890-4
summary:
  Yet, I argue that this crisis will create lasting changes in the trade landscape and serious threats to the rules-based trading system, warranting a reconsideration of trade policy priorities in important respects. They profoundly alter the practices in most economies and change the background against which disciplines have been considered and discussed for years, particularly in relation While the woeful absence of US leadership in the pandemic response can only add to the strategic rivalry between the two countries, increased tension is also visible in the trade arena, as witnessed by the US administration''s tightening of the rules restricting exports of sensitive products to China. The bottom line is grim for the rules-based trading system: exacerbated tensions will make it all the more diffi cult to propose a coordinated response to the need to adapt public policies to the exceptional circumstances created by the COVID-19 crisis and to lasting pressures to protect domestic producers.

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic carries heavy threats, and preserving stable and coordinated international trade relations will be essential to avoid catastrophic disorders or conflicts.


id: cord-310121-npt8i9bc
title: If not now, when?
author: Poole, Norman A.
date: 2020-03-27
txt: ./txt/cord-310121-npt8i9bc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-310121-npt8i9bc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2020.37
doi: 10.1192/bjb.2020.37
summary:
  Mental health professionals are at the front line of managing the pandemic and emergency changes should lead to a much needed refocus on what is really vital. We learned that the liaison psychiatry service, led by the unflappable Marcus Hughes, had split into red and green teams; the former working exclusively in the new COVID-19 unit. We heard how our in-patient colleagues on the mental health wards are also dividing themselves into teams and containing units to mitigate the virus''s spread. 5 We are currently working towards a special edition of the BJPsych Bulletin on the climate crisis and psychiatry, which will highlight the problems and point to some solutions. Later this year, with Peter Byrne''s support, BJPsych Bulletin will publish a themed edition on inequality as a major source of mental disorder. The climate crisis and forensic mental health care: what are we doing?

abstract:
  The editor of the BJPsych Bulletin reflects on the extraordinary recent events triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health professionals are at the front line of managing the pandemic and emergency changes should lead to a much needed refocus on what is really vital. In these unsettling times we ought to review how we manage the crisis, and its aftermath, both personally and professionally.


id: cord-310775-6d5vi2c5
author: Brinks, Verena
date: 2020-06-09
txt: ./txt/cord-310775-6d5vi2c5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-310775-6d5vi2c5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836480/
doi: 10.1111/tesg.12428
summary:
  In our observation of the public discourse in Germany, at the beginning of 2020 the government as many others in the Western hemisphere looked at the early epicentre of the pandemic, the Wuhan region in China, ''with a combination of fascination and fear'' but without any sense of urgency or immediate threat until new information about corona infections in Europe emerged (Boin et al. The agenda we suggest here is thus a bit different from previous geographical studies that use the term crisis prominently to signify they are dealing with severe problems within specific empirical fields, like, for instance, the bursting of financial bubbles in mortgage and real estate markets (e.g. Aalbers 2009) or emergency practices in humanitarian aid (e.g. Fredriksen 2014 ).

title:
  From Corona Virus to Corona Crisis: The Value of An Analytical and Geographical Understanding of Crisis

abstract:
  The term ‘crisis’ is omnipresent. The current corona virus pandemic is perceived as the most recent example. However, the notion of crisis is increasingly deployed as a signifier of relevance, rather than as an analytical concept. Moreover, human geography has so far little contributed to the interdisciplinary crisis research field which is fixated on the temporal aspects of crisis but neglects its spatiality. Against this background, the first aim of the paper is to demonstrate the value of thinking about crisis analytically. Therefore, we introduce theoretical knowledge developed within a recently emerging literature on crisis management. Second, we demonstrate the relevance of including geographical thinking into crisis research more systematically. Based on the TPSN‐framework by Jessop et al., we illustrate spatial dimensions of the ‘corona crisis’, its perception and handling in Germany. The empirical references are based on media reports.


id: cord-321492-u2jm6y25
title: Lockdown and adolescent mental health: reflections from a child and adolescent psychotherapist
author: Catty, Jocelyn
date: 2020-06-10
txt: ./txt/cord-321492-u2jm6y25.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-321492-u2jm6y25.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15961.1
doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15961.1
summary:
  The time of the COVID-19 virus brings a strange shifting of priorities to my professional life as a child and adolescent psychoanalytic psychotherapist working in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS). Do we, like primary care staff, rush to ''man the barricades'' (Davies, 2020, Waiting in Pandemic Times) -anxiety about the possibility of redeployment is spreading among mental health staff even where they are entirely untrained for physical health care -or do we hunker down at home to conduct therapy online for the foreseeable future? 1 This paper was written in the first two weeks after lockdown, when emergency presentations nationally were hugely reduced (BMJ, 2020); by the time of publication, it could be anecdotally observed that emergency presentations of adolescents in a state of mental health crisis had increased. The child and adolescent psychoanalytic psychotherapist, Jocelyn Catty reflects on how psychological therapies are positioned during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

abstract:
  The author, a child and adolescent psychoanalytic psychotherapist working in the UK NHS, ponders the varied impacts of ‘lockdown’ on adolescents, their parents and the psychotherapists who work with them, during the COVID-19 pandemic. She asks, particularly, how psychological therapies are positioned during such a crisis, and whether the pressures of triage and emergency can leave time and space for sustained emotional and psychological care. She wonders how psychoanalytic time with its sustaining rhythm can be held onto in the face of the need for triage on the one hand and the flight to online and telephone delivery on the other. Above all, the author questions how the apparent suspension of time during lockdown is belied by the onward pressure of adolescent time, and how this can be understood by, and alongside, troubled adolescents.


id: cord-322033-f7s5t0wg
title: Building emotional attaching during COVID-19
author: Hang, Haiming
date: 2020-07-21
txt: ./txt/cord-322033-f7s5t0wg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322033-f7s5t0wg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016073832030150X
doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2020.103006
summary:
  First, previous research suggests the feelings of fear and anxiety can trigger a desire for affiliation, increasing consumers'' emotional attachment to a brand when consumers and the brand share the same emotional experiences (Dunn & Hoegg, 2014) . Thus, we further argue shared emotions crisis communication can increase tourists'' intentions to visit when COVID-19 ends. Brand humanization and emotional attachment sequentially mediate the impact of crisis communication on intentions to visit. Annals of Tourism Research xxx (xxxx) xxxx contrast effects further suggested shared emotions condition (M = 9.08, SD = 1.68) led to higher intentions to visit than cognitive condition (M = 8.46, SD = 1.99, p < .01) and control (M = 6.22, SD = 3.13; p < .001), supporting H3. Our experimental results suggest during COVID-19, crisis communication emphasising on shared emotions can establish emotional attachment with tourists. Our results further suggest crisis communication on shared emotions can increase tourists'' intentions to visit when the outbreak ends.

abstract:
  • Shared emotions can establish emotional attachment with tourists. • Emotional attachment increases intentions to visit after the current pandemic ends. • This can be crucial for tourism recovery after COVID-19 ends.


id: cord-325409-soeakh46
author: Schomaker, Rahel M.
date: 2020-08-08
txt: ./txt/cord-325409-soeakh46.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-325409-soeakh46.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836467/
doi: 10.1111/puar.13280
summary:
  The results of tests for group differences and regression analyses demonstrate that administrations that were structurally prepared, learned during preceding crises, and that displayed a high quality in their network cooperation with other administrations and with the civil society, on average, performed significantly better in the respective crises. The results from regression analyses and tests for group differences demonstrate that an administration''s quality of networking, the level of structural preparedness, and ability to draw on lessons learned during preceding crises matter most for successful administrative performance in crisis situations as those Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright.  Intracrisis learning: Administrations that within a crisis enlarge and in particular deepen networks of different types (in terms of intense and good cooperation) with actors from the civil society, other administrative units, or private enterprises, and document measures undertaken, exhibit high levels of administrative performance.

title:
  What Drives Successful Administrative Performance During Crises? Lessons from Refugee Migration and the Covid‐19 Pandemic

abstract:
  The Covid‐19 pandemic affects societies worldwide, challenging not only health sectors but also public administration systems in general. Understanding why public administrations perform well in the current situation—and in times of crisis more generally—is theoretically of great importance; and identifying concrete factors driving successful administrative performance under today’s extraordinary circumstances could still improve current crisis responses. This article studies patterns of sound administrative performance with a focus on networks and knowledge management within and between crises. Subsequently, it draws on empirical evidence from two recent public administration surveys conducted in Germany in order to test derived hypotheses. The results of tests for group differences and regression analyses demonstrate that administrations that were structurally prepared, learned during preceding crises, and that displayed a high quality in their network cooperation with other administrations and with the civil society, on average, performed significantly better in the respective crises.


id: cord-329986-sbyu7yuc
author: Farrokhi, Aydin
date: 2020-11-30
txt: ./txt/cord-329986-sbyu7yuc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-329986-sbyu7yuc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019850120308464
doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.09.015
summary:
  The study extends the situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) and Attribution theory frameworks built on big data and machine learning capabilities for early detection of crises in the market. This pioneering study is among the first studies that endeavour to use email data and sentiment analysis for extracting meaningful information that helps early detection of a crisis in an organization. This study aims to develop a big data analytics framework by deploying artificial intelligence rational agents generated by R/Python programming language capable of collecting data from different sources, such as emails, Tweets, Facebook, weblogs, online communities, databases, and documents, among others (structured, semistructured, and unstructured data). Previous studies have considered the use of network data for situational awareness; however, to the authors'' knowledge, none have specifically investigated or analyzed the use of email communication by major organizations for situational assessment of a developing crisis.

title:
  Using artificial intelligence to detect crisis related to events: Decision making in B2B by artificial intelligence

abstract:
  Artificial Intelligence (AI) could be an important foundation of competitive advantage in the market for firms. As such, firms use AI to achieve deep market engagement when the firm's data are employed to make informed decisions. This study examines the role of computer-mediated AI agents in detecting crises related to events in a firm. A crisis threatens organizational performance; therefore, a data-driven strategy will result in an efficient and timely reflection, which increases the success of crisis management. The study extends the situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) and Attribution theory frameworks built on big data and machine learning capabilities for early detection of crises in the market. This research proposes a structural model composed of a statistical and sentimental big data analytics approach. The findings of our empirical research suggest that knowledge extracted from day-to-day data communications such as email communications of a firm can lead to the sensing of critical events related to business activities. To test our model, we use a publicly available dataset containing 517,401 items belonging to 150 users, mostly senior managers of Enron during 1999 through the 2001 crisis. The findings suggest that the model is plausible in the early detection of Enron's critical events, which can support decision making in the market.


id: cord-330171-l7p0sxqu
title: COVID‐19, Ethics of Care, and Feminist Crisis Management
author: Branicki, Layla J.
date: 2020-06-17
txt: ./txt/cord-330171-l7p0sxqu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-330171-l7p0sxqu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12491
doi: 10.1111/gwao.12491
summary:
  Before embarking on a discussion of ethics of care and how it might inform the theory and practice of crisis management, it is important to recognize that conceptualizations of crisis appear frequently in feminist works and to distinguish crisis as understood in feminist writing from crisis management as a specific activity undertaken within institutions and organizations in society. Carol Gilligan''s (1993) [first published in 1982, 1993 edition referred to throughout] conceptualization of "ethic of care" provides a basis to illuminate the normative dimensions of crisis management and to feminize its focal concerns and praxis. Lawrence and Maitlis (2012) propose that ethic of care scholarship tends to focus more on theory than action, and in this paper I highlight the practical advantages that could flow from thinking and acting differently about crisis, especially socially disruptive extreme crises like COVID-19 that have multiple effects on societies globally.

abstract:
  The COVID‐19 pandemic threatens both lives and livelihoods. To reduce the spread of the virus, governments have introduced crisis management interventions that include border closures, quarantines, strict social distancing, marshaling of essential workers and enforced homeworking. COVID‐19 measures are necessary to save the lives of some of the most vulnerable people within society, and yet in parallel they create a range of negative everyday effects for already marginalized people. Likely unintended consequences of the management of the COVID‐19 crisis include elevated risk for workers in low‐paid, precarious, and care‐based employment, over‐representation of minority ethnic groups in case numbers and fatalities, and gendered barriers to work. Drawing upon feminist ethics of care, I theorize a radical alternative to the normative assumptions of rationalist crisis management. Rationalist approaches to crisis management are typified by utilitarian logics, masculine and militaristic language, and the belief that crises follow linear processes of signal detection, preparation/prevention, containment, recovery, and learning. By privileging the quantifiable ‐ resources and measurable outcomes ‐ such approaches tend to omit considerations of pre‐existing structural disadvantage. This paper contributes a new theorization of crisis management that is grounded in feminist ethics to provide a care‐based concern for all crisis affected people.


id: cord-338934-61wnbf1t
title: Collective Bargaining During Times of Crisis: Recommendations from the COVID‐19 Pandemic
author: Fay, Daniel L.
date: 2020-05-19
txt: ./txt/cord-338934-61wnbf1t.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-338934-61wnbf1t.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13233
doi: 10.1111/puar.13233
summary:
  In our roles as public management and policy scholars, and using our experience as practicing public labor relations leaders, we describe the challenges of collective bargaining during the COVID-19 pandemic and present five general recommendations for public sector unions impact bargaining during times of crisis: 1) Initiate negotiations with leadership early and often; 2) Mobilize union members and the workforce represented by the collective bargaining agreement immediately; 3) Prioritize issues for the workforce groups most affected by the crisis; 4) Integrate governmental crisis response to negotiations 5) Formalize impact bargaining agreements. Prior to the pandemic, this same union has packed the room at Board of Trustees (BoT) meetings (Florida State University Board of Trustees, 2020), utilizing the public comment section at the front end of these public, live streamed meetings to have several speakers attest to the harmful deficiencies and unsavory working conditions of GAs. During times when physical presence is impossible, such as during mandatory social distancing orders adopted in response to COVID-19, there are alternative modes of group mobilization that are effective and raise the profile of one"s bargaining efforts.

abstract:
  The COVID‐19 dramatically changed employment across sectors in 2020. This Viewpoint essay examines public sector labor relations during the pandemic and describes the impact bargaining process used to protect public employees. We draw on our own experience in impact bargaining negotiations and the public labor relations, conflict management, and civil service reform literatures to develop recommendations for public union labor leaders in times of crisis. We suggest that public unions have an important role in crisis management, but must act strategically in order to develop good working relationships with leadership and successfully negotiate employee protections in uncertain times. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


id: cord-339855-oqe8rcbu
title: Academics engaging through the media—Insights from creating a monthly column on crisis management
author: Laufer, Daniel
date: 2020-06-06
txt: ./txt/cord-339855-oqe8rcbu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-339855-oqe8rcbu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836706/
doi: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.101932
summary:
  The article also describes the benefits of writing a newspaper column including educating the public about issues relating to Crisis Management such as managing Covid-19, creating a platform for enhancing collaboration between academics and Public Relations firms, and enhancing the reputation of both the academic and university. In pitching the idea, I emphasized the success of the "Crisis of the Week" column in the Wall Street Journal, as well as the interest of major media outlets in New Zealand for commentary on topics related to Crisis Management. Academic experts in Crisis Management from most of the major universities in New Zealand have agreed to provide commentary for the column. In writing my column on Crisis Management, in addition to the benefits to academics and universities, I believe that the field of Public Relations can benefit as well through the potential for future increased collaboration between academics and practitioners.

abstract:
  Universities increasingly expect academics to engage with external stakeholders. This includes providing media commentary. In this article I describe my experience writing a monthly column on Crisis Management in the New Zealand Herald, the most widely read newspaper in New Zealand with an average daily readership of over 460,000 people (New Zealand Herald, 2019). The article also describes the benefits of writing a newspaper column including educating the public about issues relating to Crisis Management such as managing Covid-19, creating a platform for enhancing collaboration between academics and Public Relations firms, and enhancing the reputation of both the academic and university. This article will benefit academics in the field of Public Relations who are interested in writing a newspaper column to engage through the media.


id: cord-340427-kirtoaf2
author: Misztal-Okońska, Patrycja
date: 2020-07-09
txt: ./txt/cord-340427-kirtoaf2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-340427-kirtoaf2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32659897/
doi: 10.3390/healthcare8030202
summary:
  We evaluated the perceptions of students and graduates in public health studies at the Medical University of Lublin, Poland, concerning their preparation and management skills for crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of students and graduates in public health studies at the Medical University of Lublin, Poland, concerning their preparation and management skills for crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The standard of the Polish medical training in 2019 may raise some concerns about the preparation of future medical staff in management of mass casualties resulting from major incidents and disasters, as well as an overwhelming amount of sick patients that can stress a healthcare system due to a pandemic. However, it was a pilot study that revealed gaps in training and education related to crisis and disaster management in the public health studies curriculum, one that is preparing students to manage and lead healthcare organizations.

title:
  How Medical Studies in Poland Prepare Future Healthcare Managers for Crises and Disasters: Results of a Pilot Study

abstract:
  In the event of a crisis, rapid and effective assistance for victims is essential, and in many cases, medical assistance is required. To manage the situation efficiently, it is necessary to have a proactive management system in place that ensures professional assistance to victims and the safety of medical personnel. We evaluated the perceptions of students and graduates in public health studies at the Medical University of Lublin, Poland, concerning their preparation and management skills for crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This pilot study was conducted in March 2020; we employed an online survey with an anonymous questionnaire that was addressed to students and graduates with an educational focus in healthcare organization and management. The study involved 55 people, including 14 men and 41 women. Among the respondents, 41.8% currently worked in a healthcare facility and only 21.7% of them had participated in training related to preparation for emergencies and disasters in their current workplace. The respondents rated their workplaces’ preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic at four points. A significant number of respondents stated that if they had to manage a public health emergency, they would not be able to manage the situation correctly and not be able to predict its development. Managers of healthcare organizations should have the knowledge and skills to manage crises. It would be advisable for them to have been formally educated in public health or healthcare administration. In every healthcare facility, it is essential that training and practice of performing medical procedures in full personal protective equipment (PPE) be provided. Healthcare facilities must implement regular training combined with practical live scenario exercises to prepare for future crises.


id: cord-345627-0mikqjpj
author: Obal, Michael
date: 2020-07-31
txt: ./txt/cord-345627-0mikqjpj.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019850120304089
doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.05.025
summary:
  Before moving forward with any specific relationship management strategy to cope with a major public crisis, we recommend that firms "audit" their relationships to better understand the virtues and limitations of each existing partnership in light of the evolving pandemic (Weber, 2001; Mcquiston 2001; Lindgreen, Palmer, Vanhamme, & Wouters, 2006) . Drawing on a study on how multinational companies responded to the 2002 Argentine financial crisis (Gao & Eshaghoff, 2004b) , we consider two factors as being particularly important to emphasize in designing the company''s pandemic response strategies: (1) volatility -the size of the possible change to a factor caused by the pandemic or economic crisis, and (2) criticality -the factor''s relevancy to strategic decision-making during a pandemic/ crisis. For example, managers will need to determine how much new healthrelated challenges (volatility) have appeared around a given B2B relationship, how quickly those changes are occurring and must be addressed (velocity), and how important those health-related concerns are to the relationship (criticality).

title:
  Managing business relationships during a pandemic: Conducting a relationship audit and developing a path forward

abstract:
  Abstract During stable times, firms will generally aim to create reliable B2B relationships that provide increased efficiency and profitability. However, tumultuous times, such as the time during a major pandemic, cause many significant disruptions in both internal and external environmental domains. Thus, we argue that it is critical during this time to reevaluate the company's business relationships as a whole. While long-term partnerships are great for handling incremental changes during stable times, disruptive environmental changes may require managers to consider disruptive changes to their businesses. A pandemic may also present opportunities for establishing new relationships as there may be other partners/suppliers who are better equipped to help the company address urgent short-term needs and to capitalize on significant long-term opportunities. In this paper, we design a new relationship audit template to help B2B firms weather the immediate crisis at hand and position themselves more strategically for the future. We explore this idea in relation to the coronavirus outbreak, introduce the idea of a B2B crisis relationship audit, and offer potential steps forward for firms.


id: cord-349827-0trvostt
title: Crisis management and recovery: how restaurants in Hong Kong responded to SARS
author: Tse, Alan C.B.
date: 2005-01-29
txt: ./txt/cord-349827-0trvostt.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0278431904001203
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2004.12.001
summary:
  This article reviews a typology of crises, examines the crisis response of restaurants in Hong Kong, illustrates how local restaurants deal with this unprecedented situation and develop strategies for management and recovery. Restaurants in Hong Kong have already been put under great pressure to survive in the harsh market environment resulting from the Asian financial crisis of 1997, but the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in March 2003 was a death sentence to the industry. The SARS instance in Hong Kong had indirectly generated crises of the social environment because many restaurants experienced liquidity problems after the outbreak, and had to lay off thousands of staff or force them to take no-pay leave. In the SARS outbreak, for example, restaurant managers'' attempt to lay off staff without proper compensation to improve their cash flow position may lead to confrontation with the labour, which may subsequently cause a crisis of the social environment type.

abstract:
  The 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak constitutes an example of the many crises that a restaurant may encounter. This article reviews a typology of crises, examines the crisis response of restaurants in Hong Kong, illustrates how local restaurants deal with this unprecedented situation and develop strategies for management and recovery. The lessons and experience gained from dealing with the SARS crisis serve as references for restaurants in other destinations when they face similar crises in future.


id: cord-355782-q78ojig8
title: Conditions that generally bring about bank bailouts, bail-ins, and other resolution methods
author: Berger, Allen N.
date: 2020-06-26
txt: ./txt/cord-355782-q78ojig8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-355782-q78ojig8.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128138649000021
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813864-9.00002-1
summary:
  The Federal Reserve and its leaders receive blame for (1) keeping interest rates too low for too long in the pre-crisis period, encouraging risky lending; (2) not recognizing the dangers of the build-up of correlated risks in real estate lending; (3) not devoting sufficient resources to their financial stability mission to identify future stability and systemic risk threats; (4) pushing for Basel II capital standards, which lowered requirements for large, systemically important banking organizations and encouraged risky investments by European banks by putting low capital weights on AAArated tranches of MBS backed by subprime mortgages and sovereign debt of risky national governments; (5) not regulating the new complex and opaque instruments of finance, which were built on faulty models that underweighted the probability of housing price declines; and (6) not applying safety and soundness and consumer protection regulations consistently across intermediaries which gave rise to regulatory arbitrage; and (7) not pursuing accusations of consumer predatory lending.

abstract:
  This chapter discusses the conditions that typically bring about bailouts, bail-ins, and other types of bank resolution. Bailouts and bail-ins are usually triggered by financial crises, but may also occur during normal times in response to the distress of too-big-to-fail (TBTF), too-important-to-fail (TITF), or too-many-to-fail (TMTF) banks.


id: cord-356200-jp5ge300
title: Crisis management in the Australian tourism industry: Preparedness, personnel and postscript
author: Anderson, Barbara A
date: 2006-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-356200-jp5ge300.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-356200-jp5ge300.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026151770500083X
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2005.06.007
summary:
  Abstract Since the pilots'' strike of 1989, the Australian tourism industry has experienced a series of ''shocks'' or crises which have included the 1991 Gulf War, the Asian economic crisis in 1997, the dotcom crash of 2000, the collapse of the HIH Insurance Company, the World Trade Centre attacks and the demise of Ansett Airlines in 2001, the Bali bombings in 2002 and the Iraq War and the outbreak of the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) epidemic in 2003. In 2002, a research project was carried out in a range of sectors of the Australian tourism industry to investigate the impact of the collapse of the HIH Insurance Company, the World Trade Centre attacks and the demise of Ansett Airlines on these organisations and the range of responses adopted to these events.

abstract:
  Abstract Since the pilots’ strike of 1989, the Australian tourism industry has experienced a series of ‘shocks’ or crises which have included the 1991 Gulf War, the Asian economic crisis in 1997, the dotcom crash of 2000, the collapse of the HIH Insurance Company, the World Trade Centre attacks and the demise of Ansett Airlines in 2001, the Bali bombings in 2002 and the Iraq War and the outbreak of the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) epidemic in 2003. In 2002, a research project was carried out in a range of sectors of the Australian tourism industry to investigate the impact of the collapse of the HIH Insurance Company, the World Trade Centre attacks and the demise of Ansett Airlines on these organisations and the range of responses adopted to these events. This paper describes the preparedness of organisations to respond to these events; the personnel or human resource (HR) strategies implemented and the postscript, the organisational learning which had occurred. Interview findings indicate that there was little preparation for such events, a widespread reluctance to retrench staff, and limited organisational learning had taken place.


