key: cord-292987-e481oa2i authors: Repici, Alessandro; Pace, Fabio; Gabbiadini, Roberto; Colombo, Matteo; Hassan, Cesare; Dinelli, Marco; Maselli, Roberta; Spadaccini, Marco; Mutignani, Massimiliano; Gabbrielli, Armando; Signorelli, Clementina; Spada, Cristiano; Leoni, Piera; Fabbri, Carlo; Segato, Sergio; Gaffuri, Nicola; Mangiavillano, Benedetto; Radaelli, Franco; Salerno, Raffaele; Bargiggia, Stefano; Maroni, Luca; Benedetti, Antonio; Occhipinti, Pietro; De Grazia, Federico; Ferraris, Luca; Cengia, Gianpaolo; Greco, Salvatore; Alvisi, Costanza; Scarcelli, Antonella; De Luca, Luca; Cereatti, Fabrizio; Testoni, Pier Alberto; Mingotto, Roberto; Aragona, Giovanni; Manes, Gianpiero; Beretta, Paolo; Amvrosiadis, Georgios; Cennamo, Vincenzo; Lella, Fausto; Missale, Guido; Lagoussis, Pavlos; Triossi, Omero; Giovanardi, Mauro; De Roberto, Giuseppe; Cantù, Paolo; Buscarini, Elisabetta; Anderloni, Andrea; Carrara, Silvia; Fugazza, Alessandro; Galtieri, Piera Alessia; Pellegatta, Gaia; Antonelli, Giulio; Rösch, Thomas; Sharma, Prateek title: Endoscopy units and the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Multi-Center Experience from Italy date: 2020-04-10 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.003 sha: doc_id: 292987 cord_uid: e481oa2i nan Up to 20% of Healthcare Personnel (HCP) were found to be COVID-19 infected [1] in the outbreak in Northern Italy [2] . Recommendations on patients' and HCP protection have been recommended, such as postponing procedures, triage, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and differentiated in-hospital pathways [3, 4] . However, several barriers against the adoption of these strategies exist, including cultural factors and shortage of medical resources and there are few reports of real-world experiences and outcomes for their adoption [5] . The aim of this survey was to investigate the burden of COVID-19 on endoscopic activity in a highrisk area of COVID-19 outbreak, approaches to evaluating patients, adoption and compliance of HCP with protective measures, and initial possible viral transmission outcomes from endoscopy units within a large, community-based setting (both between patients and healthcare personnel and between healthcare personnel). The study was conducted as a survey between 03/16 to 03/21, 2020. Directors of EDs in high-risk areas of northern Italy were invited by e-mail to complete a questionnaire (Supplementary Table 1, Figure 1 ). 42 endoscopy units were invited, of which 41 participated (97.6%). Most respondents (n=37, 90.2%) were high-volume endoscopy units for a total of 968 endoscopy personnel, including 323 endoscopists, 496 nurses and 149 healthcare assistants. All endoscopy units had patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in their Hospital. All but one center Thirty-five (35) Regarding the preventive measures taken after the first Italian case (February 18 th , 2020), 5 endoscopy units (12.2%) did not take any measure, 29 In 27 (65.9%) endoscopy units, endoscopists were relocated to other hospital departments, for example, to assist with COVID-positive patients with pneumonia or in the emergency department. We asked if there were cases of infection within endoscopic departments; 12 endoscopy units confirmed infections among nurses and physicians with 6 endoscopy personnel (3 nurses and 3 physicians) requiring hospitalization : none of the infections were through the endoscopic equipment, one was presumed from the environment outside the endoscopy unit, 3 presumed from contact with unrecognized infected patients early-middle February when stringent protective measure were not yet adopted by endoscopy personnel, and the remaining with a combination of presumed exposures from the external environment and/or infected colleagues/endoscopy personnel. Our survey showed dramatic burden for endoscopy units related to COVID-19 outbreak in a highrisk area. Most routine procedures have been cancelled or postponed, limiting endoscopy to urgent cases; we outline here the variability of approaches taken in different centers. In addition, all endoscopy units are in hospitals with at least one case of COVID-19, and in more than half of the Departments, procedures were performed in infected/high-risk patients. This was offset by a reassuring availability of adequate protectors, especially N95/FFP2-3 respirators. Most endoscopy units limited their activity to urgent cases, including also patients at high-risk of cancer, such as FIT+. This underlines a multi-center approach to how the triage of cases can be done caseby-case matching the risk of GI-cancer against that of infection [3] . The second relevant result of our survey is the fact that at least one in every 2 endoscopy units is directly involved in emergent or urgent procedures in COVID-19 cases. Such contact is to be deemed as potentially dangerous, as upper-GI endoscopy is an aerosol-generating procedure [2] . Thus, most of the staff of endoscopy units in a red-area of COVID-19 must be ready to face the highest risk of infection. Third, despite the shortage of medical resources, most endoscopy units have availability of N95 respirators for high-risk procedures. The third relevant result is the very limited risk of known patient to healthcare personnel transmission within the endoscopy unit setting, but the presence of possible transmission from healthcare provider to other healthcare providers, emphasizing the importance of maintaining vigilance in all contacts and settings. Burden of COVID-19 on endoscopy units is substantial, disrupting daily routine and exposing HCP to risk of infection. COVID-19: protecting health-care workers Comunicati stampa Protezione Civile -22/3/2020. Dipartimento della Protezione Civile Im Internet Position Statement on gastrointestinal endoscopy and the COVID-19 pandemic -European Society of Granda Hospital, Digestive and Operative Endoscopy Unit AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit Valduce Hospital, Gastroenterology Unit 16 Department of Gastroenterology Melegnano (Milan). Italy. 26 "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit Division of Gastroenterology Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Maggiore Hospital, Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit Roberta Maselli, MD, PhD 1 , Marco Spadaccini, MD 1,2 , Massimiliano Mutignani, MD 3 , Armando Gabbrielli, MD 4 , Clementina Signorelli, MD 5 , Cristiano Spada, MD 6 , Piera Leoni, MD 7 , Carlo Fabbri, MD 8 , Sergio Segato, MD 9 , Nicola Gaffuri, MD 10 The study was conducted as a survey between March 16, and March 21, 2020. The directors of EDs of specific area of northern Italy, defined as red zone, were invited by e-mail to complete a structured questionnaire on the COVID-19 related changes in endoscopic activities, prevention measures, and overall burden of the outbreak in their Units (Supplementary Table 1 -Questionnaire). We arbitrarily defined as red-zone the area of northern Italy with highest incidence of infected people, as well as isolated clusters in the adjacent area, with at least 500 confirmed cases of COVID-19 as of March 15, 2020 . No incentive was offered for participation. Data were collected, analyzed and extracted with graphs and analysis performed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois). Percentages were calculated based on the total number of survey participants and the number of responses to each individual question. Data were collected and analyzed by means of descriptive statistics as a mean and standard deviation.Categorical variables were compared using the χ 2 test. The Student's t test was used to compare the distribution of continuous variables by outcome. All differences were considered significant at two-sided P-value <0.05. 17