id sid tid token lemma pos cord-285428-fcrunf38 1 1 key key NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 1 2 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 1 3 cord-285428-fcrunf38 cord-285428-fcrunf38 `` cord-285428-fcrunf38 1 4 authors author NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 1 5 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 1 6 Halstead Halstead NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 1 7 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 1 8 Scott Scott NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 1 9 B. B. NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 1 10 title title NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 1 11 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 1 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 2 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 3 The the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 4 Need need NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 5 for for IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 6 Immunoprevention Immunoprevention NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 7 at at IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 8 Industrial Industrial NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 9 Scale Scale NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 10 date date NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 11 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 12 2020 2020 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 13 - - HYPH cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 14 04 04 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 15 - - HYPH cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 16 08 08 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 17 journal journal NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 2 18 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 3 1 Am be VBP cord-285428-fcrunf38 3 2 J J NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 3 3 Trop Trop NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 3 4 Med Med NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 3 5 Hyg Hyg NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 3 6 DOI doi NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 3 7 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 4 1 10.4269 10.4269 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 4 2 / / SYM cord-285428-fcrunf38 4 3 ajtmh.20 ajtmh.20 NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 4 4 - - HYPH cord-285428-fcrunf38 4 5 0239 0239 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 4 6 sha sha NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 5 1 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 5 2 fb6dbe8d9cc1d6789aaea7e6800e7fefda749134 fb6dbe8d9cc1d6789aaea7e6800e7fefda749134 NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 5 3 doc_id doc_id NNPS cord-285428-fcrunf38 5 4 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 5 5 285428 285428 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 5 6 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 5 7 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 6 1 fcrunf38 fcrunf38 NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 7 1 Novel Novel NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 7 2 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 7 3 Disease Disease NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 7 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 7 5 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 7 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 7 7 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 8 1 The the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 8 2 Need need NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 8 3 for for IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 8 4 Immunoprevention Immunoprevention NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 8 5 at at IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 8 6 Industrial Industrial NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 8 7 Scale Scale NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 8 8 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 1 Severe severe JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 2 acute acute JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 3 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 4 syndrome syndrome NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 5 - - : cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 6 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 7 infections infection NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 8 are be VBP cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 9 exacting exact VBG cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 10 devastating devastating JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 11 mortality mortality NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 12 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 13 elderly elderly JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 14 persons person NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 15 with with IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 16 preexisting preexist VBG cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 17 health health NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 18 conditions condition NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 9 19 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 1 This this DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 2 has have VBZ cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 3 led lead VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 4 to to IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 5 widespread widespread JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 6 quarantining quarantining NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 7 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 8 suspension suspension NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 9 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 10 social social JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 11 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 12 business business NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 13 activities activity NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 14 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 15 frightening frightening JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 16 levels level NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 17 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 18 morbidity morbidity NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 19 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 20 mortality mortality NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 21 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 22 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 23 enormous enormous JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 24 economic economic JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 25 loss loss NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 10 26 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 1 As as IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 2 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 3 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 4 past past NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 5 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 6 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 7 nation nation NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 8 has have VBZ cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 9 quickly quickly RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 10 found find VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 11 technical technical JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 12 solutions solution NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 13 to to TO cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 14 cope cope VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 15 with with IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 16 this this DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 17 challenge challenge NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 11 18 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 1 Industry industry NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 2 has have VBZ cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 3 rapidly rapidly RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 4 provided provide VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 5 improved improved JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 6 tests test NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 7 to to TO cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 8 detect detect VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 9 viral viral JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 10 RNA rna NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 11 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 12 respirator respirator NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 13 masks mask NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 14 to to TO cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 15 prevent prevent VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 16 infections infection NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 17 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 18 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 19 ventilators ventilator NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 20 for for IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 21 critical critical JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 22 intensive intensive JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 23 care care NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 24 ; ; : cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 25 however however RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 26 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 27 due due IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 28 to to IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 29 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 30 scale scale NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 31 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 32 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 33 pandemic pandemic NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 34 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 35 large large JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 36 needs need NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 37 remain remain VBP cord-285428-fcrunf38 12 38 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 1 These these DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 2 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 3 other other JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 4 requirements requirement NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 5 identified identify VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 6 by by IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 7 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 8 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 9 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 10 task task NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 11 force force NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 12 have have VBP cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 13 come come VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 14 from from IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 15 rapid rapid JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 16 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 17 generous generous JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 18 responses response NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 19 by by IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 20 industry industry NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 13 21 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 14 1 Can Can MD cord-285428-fcrunf38 14 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-285428-fcrunf38 14 3 prevent prevent VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 14 4 these these DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 14 5 deaths death NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 14 6 ? ? . cord-285428-fcrunf38 15 1 Vaccines vaccine NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 15 2 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 15 3 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 15 4 drugs drug NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 15 5 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 15 6 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 15 7 antibodies antibody NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 15 8 are be VBP cord-285428-fcrunf38 15 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285428-fcrunf38 15 10 tools tool NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 15 11 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 15 12 choice choice NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 15 13 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 16 1 The the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 16 2 best good JJS cord-285428-fcrunf38 16 3 option option NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 16 4 would would MD cord-285428-fcrunf38 16 5 be be VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 16 6 a a DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 16 7 single single JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 16 8 - - HYPH cord-285428-fcrunf38 16 9 dose dose NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 16 10 vaccine vaccine NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 16 11 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 1 Efforts effort NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 2 to to TO cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 3 develop develop VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 4 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 5 against against IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 6 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 7 disease-19 disease-19 , cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 9 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 11 are be VBP cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 12 well well RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 13 advanced advanced JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 14 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 15 based base VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 16 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 17 part part NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 18 on on IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 19 experience experience NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 20 with with IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 21 severe severe JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 22 acute acute JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 23 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 24 syndrome syndrome NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 26 SARS SARS NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 28 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 29 Middle Middle NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 30 East East NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 31 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 32 syndrome syndrome NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 34 MERS MERS NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 17 36 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 18 1 1 1 LS cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 1 However however RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 2 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 3 before before IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 4 release release NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 5 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 6 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 7 must must MD cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 8 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 9 relevant relevant JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 10 immune immune JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 11 responses response NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 12 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 13 human human JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 14 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 15 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 16 absence absence NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 17 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 18 unwanted unwanted JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 19 side side NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 20 effects effect NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 21 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 22 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 23 protection protection NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 24 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 25 humans human NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 26 from from IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 27 disease disease NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 19 28 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 20 1 These these DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 20 2 steps step NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 20 3 take take VBP cord-285428-fcrunf38 20 4 many many JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 20 5 months month NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 20 6 to to TO cord-285428-fcrunf38 20 7 complete complete VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 20 8 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 21 1 Antivirals antiviral NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 21 2 have have VBP cord-285428-fcrunf38 21 3 already already RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 21 4 achieved achieve VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 21 5 wide wide JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 21 6 attention attention NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 21 7 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 22 1 A a DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 22 2 near near JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 22 3 - - HYPH cord-285428-fcrunf38 22 4 term term NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 22 5 solution solution NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 22 6 is be VBZ cord-285428-fcrunf38 22 7 to to TO cord-285428-fcrunf38 22 8 repurpose repurpose VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 22 9 existing existing JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 22 10 drugs drug NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 22 11 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 1 Remdesivir Remdesivir NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 2 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 3 a a DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 4 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 5 analog analog NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 6 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 7 is be VBZ cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 8 under under IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 9 clinical clinical JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 10 investigation investigation NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 11 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 12 China China NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 13 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 14 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 23 15 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 24 1 This this DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 24 2 drug drug NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 24 3 has have VBZ cord-285428-fcrunf38 24 4 shown show VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 24 5 efficacy efficacy NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 24 6 against against IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 24 7 MERS MERS NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 24 8 disease disease NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 24 9 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 24 10 a a DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 24 11 monkey monkey NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 24 12 model model NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 24 13 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 1 2 2 LS cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 2 Antibodies antibody NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 3 from from IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 4 convalescents convalescent NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 5 or or CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 6 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 7 antibodies antibody NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 8 derived derive VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 9 from from IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 10 immunes immune NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 11 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 12 given give VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 13 early early RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 14 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 15 illness illness NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 16 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 17 may may MD cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 18 reduce reduce VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 19 disease disease NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 20 severity severity NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 21 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 22 save save VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 23 lives life NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 25 24 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 1 3 3 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 2 Convalescent Convalescent NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 3 SARS SARS NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 4 antibodies antibody NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 5 given give VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 6 early early RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 7 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 8 illness illness NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 9 have have VBP cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 10 been be VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 11 shown show VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 12 to to TO cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 13 reduce reduce VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 14 disease disease NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 15 severity severity NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 26 16 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 27 1 4 4 LS cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 1 In in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 2 addition addition NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 3 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 5 is be VBZ cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 6 likely likely JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 7 that that IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 8 entirely entirely RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 9 new new JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 10 useful useful JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 11 compounds compound NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 12 will will MD cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 13 emerge emerge VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 14 from from IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 15 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 16 laboratory laboratory NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 28 17 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 29 1 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 29 2 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 29 3 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 29 4 may may MD cord-285428-fcrunf38 29 5 be be VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 29 6 possible possible JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 29 7 using use VBG cord-285428-fcrunf38 29 8 antibodies antibody NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 29 9 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 1 Previously previously RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 2 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 3 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 4 United United NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 5 States States NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 6 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 7 commercial commercial JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 8 gamma gamma NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 9 globulin globulin NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 10 provided provide VBD cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 11 short short JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 12 - - HYPH cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 13 term term NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 14 prevention prevention NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 15 against against IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 16 measles measle NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 17 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 18 paralytic paralytic JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 19 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 20 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 21 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 22 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 23 A. a. NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 25 5 5 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 28 6 6 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 31 7 7 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 30 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 31 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 31 2 8 8 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 31 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 1 In in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 2 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 3 1950s 1950 NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 4 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 5 William William NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 6 McD McD NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 7 Hammon Hammon NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 8 at at IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 9 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 10 University University NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 11 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 12 Pittsburgh Pittsburgh NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 13 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 14 that that IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 15 gamma gamma NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 16 globulin globulin NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 17 given give VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 18 to to IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 19 100,000 100,000 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 20 children child NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 21 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 22 a a DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 23 blinded blinded JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 24 efficacy efficacy NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 25 trial trial NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 26 successfully successfully RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 27 blunted blunt VBD cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 28 paralysis paralysis NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 29 attack attack NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 30 rates rate NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 31 during during IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 32 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 33 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 34 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 32 35 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 1 7 7 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 2 Gamma Gamma NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 3 globulin globulin NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 4 prepared prepare VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 5 from from IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 6 immune immune JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 7 donors donor NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 8 or or CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 9 protective protective JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 10 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 11 antibodies antibody NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 12 offer offer VBP cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 13 possibilities possibility NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 14 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 15 short short JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 16 - - HYPH cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 17 term term NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 18 protection protection NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 19 for for IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 20 care care NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 21 givers giver NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 22 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 23 healthcare healthcare NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 24 workers worker NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 25 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 26 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 27 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 28 particular particular JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 29 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 30 for for IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 31 those those DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 32 at at IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 33 high high JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 34 risk risk NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 35 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 36 severe severe JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 37 or or CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 38 fatal fatal JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 39 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 33 40 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 34 1 This this DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 34 2 latter latter JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 34 3 group group NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 34 4 can can MD cord-285428-fcrunf38 34 5 be be VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 34 6 well well RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 34 7 identified identify VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 34 8 by by IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 34 9 carefully carefully RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 34 10 designed design VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 34 11 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 34 12 studies study NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 34 13 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 35 1 Potential potential JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 35 2 products product NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 35 3 must must MD cord-285428-fcrunf38 35 4 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 35 5 protection protection NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 35 6 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 35 7 animal animal NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 35 8 models model NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 35 9 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 35 10 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 35 11 small small JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 35 12 clinical clinical JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 35 13 trials trial NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 35 14 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 1 To to TO cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 2 avoid avoid VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 3 possible possible JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 4 enhancement enhancement NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 5 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 7 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 8 antibodies antibody NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 9 might may MD cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 10 be be VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 11 given give VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 12 to to TO cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 13 prevent prevent VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 15 - - HYPH cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 16 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 17 infections infection NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 18 after after IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 19 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 20 removal removal NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 21 or or CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 22 inactivation inactivation NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 23 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 24 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 25 IgG IgG NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 26 Fc Fc NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 27 terminus terminus NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 36 28 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 37 1 9 9 LS cord-285428-fcrunf38 37 2 Immunoprotection Immunoprotection NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 37 3 is be VBZ cord-285428-fcrunf38 37 4 an an DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 37 5 especially especially RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 37 6 forceful forceful JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 37 7 solution solution NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 37 8 that that WDT cord-285428-fcrunf38 37 9 could could MD cord-285428-fcrunf38 37 10 be be VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 37 11 available available JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 37 12 soon soon RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 37 13 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 1 Efforts effort NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 2 are be VBP cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 3 well well RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 4 underway underway JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 5 by by IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 6 many many JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 7 groups group NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 8 to to TO cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 9 derive derive VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 10 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 11 antibodies antibody NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 12 or or CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 13 manufacture manufacture VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 14 gamma gamma NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 15 globulin globulin NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 16 from from IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 17 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 18 huge huge JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 19 cohort cohort NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 20 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 21 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 22 convalescent convalescent JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 23 immunes immune NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 38 24 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 1 3 3 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 2 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 3 10 10 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 4 Moving move VBG cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 5 new new JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 6 products product NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 7 on on IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 8 line line NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 9 for for IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 10 early early JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 11 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 12 effective effective JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 13 use use NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 14 requires require VBZ cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 15 commitment commitment NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 16 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 17 leadership leadership NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 39 18 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 40 1 As as IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 40 2 suggested suggest VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 40 3 by by IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 40 4 Safi Safi NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 40 5 Bahcall Bahcall NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 2 Wall Wall NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 3 Street Street NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 4 Journal Journal NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 5 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 6 March March NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 7 21 21 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 8 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 9 2020 2020 CD cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 11 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 12 a a DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 13 national national JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 14 science science NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 15 leader leader NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 16 should should MD cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 17 immediately immediately RB cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 18 be be VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 19 appointed appoint VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 20 to to TO cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 21 organize organize VB cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 22 an an DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 23 initial initial JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 24 intervention intervention NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 25 , , , cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 26 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 27 direct direct JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 28 immune immune JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 29 protection protection NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 30 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 31 at at IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 32 - - HYPH cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 33 risk risk NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 34 persons person NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 35 at at IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 36 industrial industrial JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 37 scale scale NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 41 38 . . . cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 1 Immune immune JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 2 responses response NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 3 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 4 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 5 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 6 potential potential JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 7 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 8 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 9 lessons lesson NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 10 learned learn VBN cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 11 from from IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 12 SARS SARS NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 13 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 14 MERS MERS NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 15 epidemic epidemic NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 16 Prophylactic prophylactic JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 17 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 18 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 19 remdesivir remdesivir NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 21 GS-5734 GS-5734 NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 23 treatment treatment NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 24 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 25 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 26 rhesus rhesus NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 27 macaque macaque NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 28 model model NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 29 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 30 MERS MERS NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 31 - - HYPH cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 32 CoV CoV NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 42 33 infection infection NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 1 The the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 2 convalescent convalescent JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 3 sera sera NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 4 option option NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 5 for for IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 6 containing contain VBG cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 7 COVID-19 COVID-19 . cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 8 The the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 9 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 10 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 11 convalescent convalescent JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 12 plasma plasma NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 13 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 14 hyperimmune hyperimmune NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 15 immunoglobulin immunoglobulin NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 16 for for IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 17 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 18 treatment treatment NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 19 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 20 severe severe JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 21 acute acute JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 22 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 23 infections infection NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 24 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 25 viral viral JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 26 etiology etiology NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 27 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 28 a a DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 29 systematic systematic JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 30 review review NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 31 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 32 exploratory exploratory JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 33 meta meta JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 34 - - HYPH cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 35 analysis analysis NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 36 Postexposure Postexposure NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 37 passive passive JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 38 immunisation immunisation NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 39 for for IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 40 preventing prevent VBG cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 41 measles measle NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 42 Use Use NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 43 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 44 concentrated concentrated JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 45 human human JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 46 serum serum NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 47 gammaglobulin gammaglobulin NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 48 in in IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 49 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 50 prevention prevention NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 51 and and CC cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 52 attenuation attenuation NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 53 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 54 measles measle NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 55 Passive passive JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 56 immunization immunization NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 57 against against IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 58 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 59 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 60 the the DT cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 61 Hammon Hammon NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 62 gamma gamma NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 63 globulin globulin NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 64 field field NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 65 trials trial NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 66 Infectious infectious JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 67 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 68 : : : cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 69 current current JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 70 status status NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 71 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 72 prevention prevention NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 73 with with IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 74 gamma gamma NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 75 globulin globulin NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 76 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 77 mechanism mechanism NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 78 for for IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 79 antibody antibody NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 80 - - HYPH cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 81 dependent dependent JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 82 enhancement enhancement NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 83 of of IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 84 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 85 entry entry NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 86 Perspectives perspective NNS cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 87 on on IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 88 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 89 antibody antibody NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 90 therapy therapy NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 91 as as IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 92 potential potential JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 93 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 94 intervention intervention NN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 95 for for IN cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 96 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 97 disease-19 disease-19 , cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 98 ( ( -LRB- cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 99 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-285428-fcrunf38 43 100 ) ) -RRB-