id sid tid token lemma pos cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 1 key key JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 2 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 3 cord-283673-oyefmgl3 cord-283673-oyefmgl3 NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 4 authors author NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 5 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 6 Garcia Garcia NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 7 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 8 Marc Marc NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 9 A A NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 10 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 11 Homan Homan NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 12 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 13 Patricia Patricia NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 14 A A NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 15 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 16 García García NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 17 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 18 Catherine Catherine NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 19 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 20 Brown Brown NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 21 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 22 Tyson Tyson NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 1 23 H H NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 1 title title NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 2 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 3 The the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 4 Color Color NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 5 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 7 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 8 Structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 9 Racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 10 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 11 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 12 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 13 ’s ’s POS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 14 Disproportionate disproportionate JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 15 Impact impact NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 16 on on IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 17 Older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 18 Racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 19 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 20 Ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 21 Minorities Minorities NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 22 date date NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 23 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 24 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 25 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 26 08 08 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 27 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 28 05 05 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 29 journal journal NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 30 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 31 J J NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 32 Gerontol Gerontol NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 33 B B NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 2 34 Psychol Psychol NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 3 1 Sci Sci NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 3 2 Soc Soc NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 3 3 Sci Sci NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 3 4 DOI DOI NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 4 1 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 4 2 10.1093 10.1093 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 4 3 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 4 4 geronb geronb NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 4 5 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 4 6 gbaa114 gbaa114 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 4 7 sha sha NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 4 8 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 4 9 bc01ad730d086ed16ce205341cc2d59e64e5c51e bc01ad730d086ed16ce205341cc2d59e64e5c51e NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 4 10 doc_id doc_id CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 4 11 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 4 12 283673 283673 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 4 13 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 4 14 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 5 1 oyefmgl3 oyefmgl3 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 5 2 OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 5 3 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 1 The the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 2 aim aim NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 3 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 4 this this DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 5 evidence evidence NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 6 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 7 based base VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 8 theoretically theoretically RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 9 informed informed JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 10 essay essay NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 11 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 12 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 13 provide provide VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 14 an an DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 15 overview overview NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 16 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 17 how how WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 18 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 19 why why WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 20 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 21 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 22 outbreak outbreak NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 23 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 24 particularly particularly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 25 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 26 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 27 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 28 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 29 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 30 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 31 Black Black NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 32 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 33 Latinx Latinx NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 34 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 6 35 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 7 1 METHODS methods NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 7 2 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 2 draw draw VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 3 upon upon IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 4 current current JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 5 events event NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 6 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 7 academic academic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 8 literature literature NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 9 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 10 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 11 numerous numerous JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 12 data datum NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 13 sources source NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 14 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 15 illustrate illustrate VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 16 how how WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 17 biopsychosocial biopsychosocial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 18 factors factor NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 19 place place VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 20 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 21 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 22 at at IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 23 higher high JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 24 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 25 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 26 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 27 relative relative NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 28 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 29 younger young JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 30 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 31 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 32 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 33 how how WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 34 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 35 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 36 magnifies magnify VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 37 these these DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 38 risks risk NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 39 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 40 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 41 Black black JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 42 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 43 Latinx Latinx NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 44 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 8 45 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 9 1 RESULTS result NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 9 2 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 2 identify identify VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 3 three three CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 4 proximate proximate JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 5 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 6 through through IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 7 which which WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 8 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 9 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 10 operates operate VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 11 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 12 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 13 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 14 cause cause NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 15 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 16 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 17 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 18 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 19 inequalities inequality NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 20 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 21 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 22 burden burden NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 23 among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 24 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 25 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 26 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 28 1 1 LS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 30 Risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 31 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 32 exposure exposure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 33 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 35 2 2 LS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 37 Weathering weathering NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 38 processes process NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 39 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 40 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 42 3 3 LS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 44 Health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 45 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 46 access access NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 47 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 48 quality quality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 10 49 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 11 1 DISCUSSION discussion NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 11 2 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 1 While while IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 2 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 3 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 4 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 6 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 7 an an DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 8 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 9 crisis crisis NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 10 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 11 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 12 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 13 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 14 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 15 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 16 inequalities inequality NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 17 among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 18 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 19 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 21 has have VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 22 exposed expose VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 23 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 24 long long RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 25 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 26 standing stand VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 27 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 28 deeply deeply RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 29 rooted root VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 30 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 31 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 32 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 33 within within IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 34 American american JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 35 society society NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 12 36 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 1 This this DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 2 knowledge knowledge NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 3 presents present VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 4 both both DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 5 challenges challenge NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 6 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 7 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 8 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 9 researchers researcher NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 10 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 11 policymakers policymaker NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 12 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 14 seek seek VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 15 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 16 address address VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 17 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 18 needs need NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 19 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 20 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 21 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 13 22 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 2 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 3 imperative imperative JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 4 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 5 federal federal JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 6 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 7 state state NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 8 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 9 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 10 local local JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 11 governments government NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 12 collect collect VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 13 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 14 release release VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 15 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 16 data datum NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 17 on on IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 18 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 19 number number NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 20 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 21 confirmed confirm VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 22 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 23 cases case NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 24 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 25 deaths death NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 26 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 27 race race NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 28 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 29 ethnicity ethnicity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 30 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 31 age age NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 32 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 33 better well JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 34 gauge gauge VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 35 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 36 impact impact NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 37 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 38 outbreak outbreak NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 39 across across IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 40 minority minority NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 41 communities community NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 14 42 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 2 conclude conclude VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 3 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 4 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 5 discussion discussion NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 6 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 7 incremental incremental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 8 steps step NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 9 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 10 be be VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 11 taken take VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 12 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 13 lessen lessen VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 14 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 15 disproportionate disproportionate JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 16 burden burden NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 17 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 18 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 19 among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 20 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 21 Black Black NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 22 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 23 Latinx Latinx NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 24 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 25 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 26 as as RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 27 well well RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 28 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 29 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 30 need need NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 31 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 32 transformative transformative JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 33 actions action NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 34 that that WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 35 address address VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 36 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 37 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 38 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 39 order order NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 40 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 41 achieve achieve VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 42 population population NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 43 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 44 equity equity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 15 45 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 16 1 M M NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 16 2 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 17 1 n n CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 17 2 u u NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 17 3 s s NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 17 4 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 17 5 r r NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 18 1 i i NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 18 2 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 18 3 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 1 The the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 2 United United NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 3 States States NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 5 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 7 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 8 now now RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 9 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 10 epicenter epicenter NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 11 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 12 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 13 novel novel JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 15 disease disease NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 16 pandemic pandemic NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 17 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 18 leading lead VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 19 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 20 world world NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 21 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 22 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 23 number number NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 24 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 25 confirmed confirm VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 26 infections infection NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 27 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 28 deaths death NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 30 Dong Dong NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 31 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 32 Du Du NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 33 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 34 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 35 Gardner Gardner NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 36 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 37 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 19 39 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 1 As as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 2 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 3 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 4 end end NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 5 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 6 July July NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 7 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 8 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 9 there there EX cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 10 have have VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 11 been be VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 12 over over IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 13 4.3 4.3 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 14 million million CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 15 cases case NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 16 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 17 147,000 147,000 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 18 deaths death NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 19 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 20 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 21 result result NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 22 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 23 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 24 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 25 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 26 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 28 Hopkins Hopkins NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 29 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 30 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 20 32 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 1 Since since IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 2 initial initial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 3 detection detection NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 4 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 5 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 7 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 8 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 9 state state NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 10 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 11 Washington Washington NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 12 on on IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 13 January January NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 14 19 19 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 15 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 16 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 17 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 18 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 19 number number NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 20 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 21 reported report VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 22 cases case NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 23 has have VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 24 risen rise VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 21 25 rapidly rapidly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 22 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 22 2 Holshue Holshue NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 22 3 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 22 4 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 22 5 . . NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 22 6 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 22 7 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 22 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 22 9 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 1 The the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 2 spread spread NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 3 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 4 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 6 has have VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 7 varied vary VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 8 geographically geographically RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 9 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 10 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 11 populous populous JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 12 states state NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 13 such such JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 14 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 15 New New NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 16 York York NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 17 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 18 California California NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 19 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 20 New New NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 21 Jersey Jersey NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 22 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 23 Illinois Illinois NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 24 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 25 Texas Texas NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 26 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 27 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 28 Florida Florida NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 29 hit hit VBD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 30 particularly particularly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 31 hard hard RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 23 32 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 1 As as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 2 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 3 pandemic pandemic NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 4 began begin VBD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 5 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 6 unfold unfold VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 7 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 8 local local JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 9 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 10 state state NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 11 governments government NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 12 issued issue VBD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 13 -shelter -shelter : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 14 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 15 place‖ place‖ NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 16 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 17 -social -social JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 18 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 19 physical physical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 20 distancing‖ distancing‖ JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 21 mandates mandate NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 22 aimed aim VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 23 at at IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 24 suppressing suppress VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 25 transmission transmission NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 26 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 27 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 28 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 24 29 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 1 Following follow VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 2 an an DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 3 overall overall JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 4 flattening flattening NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 5 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 6 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 7 curve curve NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 8 nationwide nationwide RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 9 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 10 most most JJS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 11 states state NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 12 began begin VBD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 13 reopening reopen VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 15 economies economy NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 16 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 17 easing ease VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 18 social social JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 19 distancing distancing NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 20 restrictions restriction NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 21 during during IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 22 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 23 summer summer NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 24 months month NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 25 25 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 1 Despite despite IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 2 some some DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 3 progress progress NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 4 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 5 reducing reduce VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 6 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 7 number number NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 8 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 9 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 10 deaths death NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 11 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 12 new new JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 13 hotspots hotspot NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 14 continue continue VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 15 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 16 emerge emerge VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 17 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 18 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 19 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 20 recent recent JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 21 surge surge NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 22 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 23 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 24 across across IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 25 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 26 nation nation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 27 raises raise VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 28 serious serious JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 29 concerns concern NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 30 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 31 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 32 upcoming upcoming JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 33 fall fall NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 34 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 35 winter winter NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 36 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 37 particularly particularly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 38 during during IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 39 influenza influenza JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 40 season season NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 26 41 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 1 As as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 2 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 3 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 4 outbreak outbreak NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 5 rapidly rapidly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 6 evolves evolve VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 7 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 8 identifying identify VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 9 key key JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 10 factors factor NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 11 that that WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 12 impact impact VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 13 population population NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 14 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 15 outcomes outcome NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 16 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 17 crucial crucial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 18 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 19 formulating formulate VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 20 effective effective JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 21 responses response NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 22 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 23 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 24 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 25 crisis crisis NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 27 26 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 1 Questions question NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 2 regarding regard VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 3 which which WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 4 segments segment NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 5 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 6 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 7 society society NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 8 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 9 at at IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 10 an an DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 11 elevated elevated JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 12 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 13 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 14 severe severe JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 15 illness illness NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 16 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 17 death death NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 18 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 19 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 20 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 21 - - : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 22 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 23 how how WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 24 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 25 why why WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 26 - - : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 27 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 28 central central JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 29 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 30 understanding understanding NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 31 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 32 addressing address VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 33 disparities disparity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 34 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 35 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 36 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 37 outcomes outcome NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 28 38 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 29 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 29 2 regarding regard VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 29 3 which which WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 29 4 subpopulations subpopulation NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 29 5 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 29 6 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 29 7 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 29 8 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 29 9 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 29 10 reveals reveal VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 29 11 two two CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 29 12 key key JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 29 13 patterns pattern NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 29 14 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 1 1 1 LS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 3 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 4 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 5 particularly particularly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 6 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 7 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 8 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 9 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 10 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 11 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 12 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 13 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 14 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 15 evidenced evidence VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 16 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 18 disproportionately disproportionately RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 19 high high JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 20 rates rate NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 21 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 22 hospitalizations hospitalization NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 23 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 24 mortality mortality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 25 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 26 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 30 27 virus virus NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 2 Bialek Bialek NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 3 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 4 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 5 . . NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 6 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 7 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 8 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 9 Garg Garg NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 10 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 11 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 12 . . NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 13 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 14 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 16 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 17 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 18 2 2 LS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 31 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 1 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 2 Black Black NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 3 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 4 Latinx latinx JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 5 communities community NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 6 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 7 particularly particularly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 8 hard hard JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 9 hit hit VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 10 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 11 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 14 CDC CDC NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 15 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 16 2020a 2020a CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 17 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 18 Millett Millett NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 19 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 20 M M NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 32 21 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 33 1 n n CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 33 2 u u NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 33 3 s s NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 33 4 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 33 5 r r NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 33 6 i i PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 34 1 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 34 2 t t NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 34 3 Rodriguez Rodriguez NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 34 4 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 34 5 Diaz Diaz NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 34 6 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 34 7 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 34 8 . . NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 34 9 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 34 10 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 34 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 34 12 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 1 Figure figure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 2 1 1 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 3 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 4 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 5 death death NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 6 rates rate NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 7 per per IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 8 100,000 100,000 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 9 population population NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 10 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 11 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 12 June June NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 13 17 17 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 14 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 15 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 16 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 17 age age NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 18 group group NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 19 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 20 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 21 total total JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 22 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 23 population population NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 24 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 25 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 26 race race NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 27 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 28 ethnicity ethnicity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 29 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 30 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 31 aged age VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 32 65 65 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 33 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 34 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 35 35 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 1 Results result NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 2 indicate indicate VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 3 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 4 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 5 aged age VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 6 65 65 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 7 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 8 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 9 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 10 more more JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 11 than than IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 12 seven seven CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 13 times time NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 14 as as RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 15 likely likely JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 16 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 17 younger young JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 18 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 19 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 20 die die VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 21 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 22 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 24 Panel Panel NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 25 A A NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 36 27 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 1 Among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 2 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 3 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 4 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 5 Blacks Blacks NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 6 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 7 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 8 have have VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 9 death death NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 10 rates rate NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 11 approximately approximately RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 12 three three CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 13 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 14 two two CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 15 times time NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 16 higher high JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 17 than than IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 18 Whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 19 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 20 respectively respectively RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 22 Panel Panel NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 23 B B NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 37 25 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 1 In in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 2 order order NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 3 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 4 understand understand VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 5 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 6 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 7 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 8 disparities disparity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 9 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 10 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 11 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 12 outcomes outcome NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 13 among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 14 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 15 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 16 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 18 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 19 important important JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 20 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 21 consider consider VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 22 how how WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 23 social social JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 24 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 25 historical historical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 26 contexts context NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 27 contribute contribute VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 28 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 29 different different JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 30 levels level NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 31 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 32 risks risk NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 33 over over IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 34 time time NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 38 35 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 1 Notably notably RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 3 current current JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 4 cohorts cohort NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 5 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 6 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 7 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 8 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 9 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 10 came come VBD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 11 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 12 age age NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 13 during during IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 14 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 15 Jim Jim NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 16 Crow Crow NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 17 era era NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 18 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 19 consequently consequently RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 20 have have VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 21 endured endure VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 22 overt overt JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 23 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 24 de de FW cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 25 jure jure JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 26 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 27 as as RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 28 well well RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 29 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 30 more more RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 31 contemporary contemporary JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 32 subtle subtle JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 33 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 34 de de FW cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 35 facto facto FW cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 36 forms form NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 37 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 39 38 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 40 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 40 2 Bonilla Bonilla NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 40 3 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 40 4 Silva Silva NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 40 5 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 40 6 1997 1997 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 40 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 40 8 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 1 Contemporary contemporary JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 2 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 3 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 4 involves involve VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 5 -macrolevel -macrolevel ADD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 6 systems system NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 7 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 8 social social JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 9 forces force NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 10 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 11 institutions institution NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 12 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 13 ideologies ideology NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 14 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 15 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 16 processes process NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 17 that that WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 18 interact interact VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 19 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 20 one one CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 21 another another DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 22 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 23 generate generate VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 24 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 25 reinforce reinforce VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 26 inequities inequity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 27 among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 28 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 29 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 30 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 41 31 groups‖ groups‖ XX cord-283673-oyefmgl3 42 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 42 2 Gee Gee NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 42 3 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 42 4 Ford Ford NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 42 5 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 42 6 2011:116 2011:116 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 42 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 42 8 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 1 Both both DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 2 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 3 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 4 empirical empirical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 5 research research NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 6 provide provide VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 7 compelling compelling JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 8 evidence evidence NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 9 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 10 contemporary contemporary JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 11 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 12 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 13 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 14 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 15 myriad myriad NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 16 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 17 societal societal JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 18 domains domain NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 19 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 20 including include VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 22 but but CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 23 not not RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 24 limited limited JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 25 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 27 education education NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 28 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 29 employment employment NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 30 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 31 housing housing NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 32 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 33 criminal criminal JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 34 justice justice NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 35 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 36 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 37 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 38 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 39 systems system NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 41 Feagin Feagin NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 42 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 43 Bennefield Bennefield NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 44 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 45 2014 2014 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 46 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 47 Gee Gee NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 48 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 49 Ford Ford NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 50 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 51 2011 2011 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 43 53 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 1 Given give VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 3 experiences experience NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 4 --both --both IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 5 past past JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 6 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 7 present present JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 8 --living --living NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 9 within within IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 10 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 11 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 12 social social JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 13 system system NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 14 where where WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 15 myriad myriad JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 16 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 17 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 18 risks risk NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 19 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 20 unequally unequally RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 21 distributed distribute VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 22 across across IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 23 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 24 color color NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 25 line line NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 27 Bonilla Bonilla NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 28 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 29 Silva Silva NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 30 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 31 1997 1997 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 33 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 34 it -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 35 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 36 not not RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 37 surprising surprising JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 38 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 39 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 40 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 41 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 42 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 43 experience experience VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 44 an an DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 45 accumulation accumulation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 46 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 47 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 48 disadvantages disadvantage NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 49 vis vis FW cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 50 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 51 à à FW cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 52 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 53 vis vis FW cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 54 Whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 56 Boen Boen NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 57 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 58 2019 2019 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 44 60 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 3 research research NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 4 has have VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 5 identified identify VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 6 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 7 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 8 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 9 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 10 or or CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 11 root root NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 12 cause cause NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 13 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 14 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 15 inequalities inequality NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 17 Phelan Phelan NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 18 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 19 Link Link NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 20 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 21 2015 2015 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 22 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 23 Williams Williams NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 24 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 25 Lawrence Lawrence NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 26 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 27 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 28 A a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 29 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 30 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 31 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 32 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 33 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 34 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 35 d d NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 36 M M NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 45 37 a a NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 46 1 n n CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 46 2 u u NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 46 3 s s NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 46 4 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 46 5 r r NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 46 6 i i NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 46 7 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 46 8 t t NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 46 9 Davis Davis NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 46 10 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 46 11 2019 2019 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 46 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 46 13 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 1 Fundamental fundamental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 2 Cause Cause NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 3 Theory Theory NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 4 highlights highlight VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 5 how how WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 6 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 7 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 8 harms harm VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 9 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 10 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 11 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 12 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 13 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 14 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 15 minorities minority NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 16 through through IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 17 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 18 number number NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 19 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 20 replaceable replaceable JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 21 intervening intervening NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 22 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 23 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 24 including include VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 25 constraining constrain VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 26 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 27 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 28 avoiding avoid VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 29 risks risk NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 30 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 31 obtaining obtain VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 32 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 33 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 34 promoting promote VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 35 resources resource NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 36 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 37 such such JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 38 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 39 socioeconomic socioeconomic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 40 resources resource NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 42 e.g. e.g. RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 43 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 44 education education NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 45 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 46 occupation occupation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 47 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 48 income income NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 49 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 50 wealth wealth NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 52 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 53 flexible flexible JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 54 resources resource NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 56 e.g. e.g. RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 57 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 58 power power NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 59 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 60 prestige prestige NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 61 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 62 freedom freedom NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 63 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 64 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 65 context context NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 66 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 67 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 68 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 69 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 47 71 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 1 These these DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 2 processes process NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 3 apply apply VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 4 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 5 an an DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 6 array array NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 7 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 8 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 9 conditions condition NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 10 - - : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 11 including include VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 12 infectious infectious JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 13 diseases disease NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 14 like like IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 15 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 17 Laster Laster NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 18 Pirtle Pirtle NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 19 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 20 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 48 21 ; ; . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 49 1 Phelan Phelan NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 49 2 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 49 3 Link Link NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 49 4 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 49 5 2015 2015 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 49 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 49 7 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 1 Below below IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 3 discuss discuss VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 4 how how WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 5 proximate proximate JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 6 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 7 place place VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 8 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 9 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 10 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 11 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 12 at at IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 13 an an DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 14 elevated elevated JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 15 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 16 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 17 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 18 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 19 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 21 compared compare VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 22 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 23 Whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 24 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 25 while while IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 26 also also RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 27 highlighting highlight VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 28 examples example NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 29 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 30 why why WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 31 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 32 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 33 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 34 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 35 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 36 driver driver NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 37 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 38 these these DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 39 inequalities inequality NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 50 40 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 2 begin begin VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 3 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 4 briefly briefly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 5 highlighting highlight VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 6 biopsychosocial biopsychosocial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 7 factors factor NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 8 that that WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 9 put put VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 10 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 11 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 12 at at IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 13 higher high JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 14 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 15 than than IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 16 younger young JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 17 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 18 during during IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 19 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 20 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 21 crisis crisis NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 51 22 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 1 Next next RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 4 provide provide VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 5 evidence evidence NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 6 on on IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 7 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 8 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 9 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 10 inequalities inequality NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 11 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 12 three three CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 13 proximate proximate JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 14 factors factor NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 15 that that WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 16 contribute contribute VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 17 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 18 adverse adverse JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 19 population population NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 20 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 21 outcomes outcome NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 22 due due JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 23 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 24 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 25 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 26 pandemic pandemic NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 27 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 29 1 1 LS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 31 Risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 32 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 33 exposure exposure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 34 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 36 2 2 LS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 38 Weathering weathering NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 39 processes process NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 40 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 41 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 43 3 3 LS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 45 Health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 46 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 47 access access NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 48 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 49 quality quality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 52 50 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 3 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 4 reviewing review VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 5 empirical empirical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 6 evidence evidence NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 7 on on IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 8 how how WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 9 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 10 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 11 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 12 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 13 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 14 cause cause NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 15 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 16 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 17 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 18 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 19 inequalities inequality NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 20 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 21 risks risk NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 22 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 23 resources resource NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 24 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 25 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 26 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 28 Laster Laster NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 29 Pirtle Pirtle NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 30 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 31 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 32 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 33 Phelan Phelan NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 34 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 35 Link Link NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 36 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 37 2015 2015 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 38 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 39 Williams Williams NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 40 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 41 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 42 . . NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 43 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 44 2019 2019 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 46 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 47 we -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 48 further further RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 49 elucidate elucidate VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 50 why why WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 51 these these DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 52 inequalities inequality NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 53 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 54 produced produce VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 55 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 56 maintained maintain VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 57 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 58 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 59 suggest suggest VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 60 how how WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 61 they -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 62 can can MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 63 potentially potentially RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 64 be be VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 65 addressed address VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 53 66 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 1 The the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 2 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 3 outbreak outbreak NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 4 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 5 particularly particularly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 6 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 7 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 8 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 9 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 10 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 11 impacting impact VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 13 wellbeing wellbeing NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 14 both both CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 15 directly directly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 16 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 17 indirectly indirectly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 54 18 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 1 In in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 2 terms term NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 3 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 4 direct direct JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 5 effects effect NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 6 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 7 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 8 pandemic pandemic NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 9 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 10 aging age VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 11 processes process NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 12 involve involve VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 13 immunosenescence immunosenescence NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 14 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 15 age age NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 16 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 17 related relate VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 18 changes change NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 19 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 20 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 21 immune immune JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 22 system system NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 23 which which WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 24 lead lead VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 25 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 26 increased increase VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 27 morbidity morbidity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 28 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 29 mortality mortality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 30 rates rate NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 31 due due JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 32 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 33 infectious infectious JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 34 diseases disease NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 36 Nikolich Nikolich NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 37 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 38 Žugich Žugich NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 39 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 40 2018 2018 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 55 42 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 56 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 56 2 A a NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 57 1 c c NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 57 2 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 57 3 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 57 4 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 58 1 t t NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 58 2 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 58 3 d d NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 58 4 M M NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 1 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 2 n n NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 3 u u NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 4 s s NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 5 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 6 r r NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 7 i i NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 8 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 9 t t NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 10 indicates indicate VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 11 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 12 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 13 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 14 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 15 underlying underlying JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 16 comorbidities comorbiditie NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 17 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 18 at at IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 19 an an DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 20 elevated elevated JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 21 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 22 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 23 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 24 infection infection NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 25 due due IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 26 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 27 comprised comprise VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 28 immune immune JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 29 systems system NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 30 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 31 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 32 more more RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 33 likely likely JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 34 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 35 develop develop VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 36 severe severe JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 37 complications complication NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 38 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 39 exposure exposure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 40 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 41 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 42 virus virus NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 43 which which WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 44 results result VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 45 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 46 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 47 higher high JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 48 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 49 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 50 mortality mortality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 52 Bialek Bialek NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 53 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 54 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 59 55 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 60 1 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 60 2 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 60 3 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 60 4 Garg Garg NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 60 5 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 60 6 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 60 7 . . NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 60 8 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 60 9 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 60 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 60 11 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 1 In in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 2 addition addition NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 3 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 4 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 5 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 6 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 7 underlying underlying JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 8 comorbidities comorbiditie NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 9 may may MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 10 be be VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 11 at at IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 12 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 13 higher high JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 14 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 15 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 16 contracting contract VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 17 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 18 spreading spread VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 19 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 20 virus virus NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 21 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 23 may may MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 24 require require VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 25 physical physical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 26 interactions interaction NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 27 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 28 healthcare healthcare NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 29 providers provider NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 30 or or CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 31 reside reside VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 32 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 33 long long JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 34 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 35 term term NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 36 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 37 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 38 assisted assist VBD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 39 living living NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 40 facilities facility NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 42 CDC CDC NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 43 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 44 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 61 46 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 62 1 The the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 62 2 pandemic pandemic NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 62 3 can can MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 62 4 also also RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 62 5 indirectly indirectly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 62 6 harm harm VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 62 7 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 62 8 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 62 9 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 1 For for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 2 example example NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 3 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 4 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 5 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 6 extent extent NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 7 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 8 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 9 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 10 forgo forgo VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 11 medical medical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 12 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 13 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 14 prescriptions prescription NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 15 due due JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 16 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 17 fears fear NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 18 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 19 contracting contracting NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 20 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 21 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 23 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 24 likely likely JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 25 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 26 experience experience VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 27 increased increase VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 28 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 29 problems problem NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 30 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 31 mortality mortality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 32 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 33 otherwise otherwise RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 34 manageable manageable JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 35 chronic chronic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 36 conditions condition NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 38 Girdhar Girdhar NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 39 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 40 Srivastava Srivastava NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 41 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 42 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 43 Sethi Sethi NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 44 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 45 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 63 47 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 3 physical physical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 4 distancing distancing NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 5 measures measure NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 6 among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 7 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 8 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 9 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 10 particularly particularly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 11 those those DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 12 who who WP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 13 live live VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 14 alone alone RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 15 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 16 may may MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 17 result result VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 18 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 19 social social JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 20 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 21 psychological psychological JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 22 isolation isolation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 23 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 24 thereby thereby RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 25 increase increase VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 26 negative negative JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 27 mental mental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 28 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 29 outcomes outcome NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 30 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 31 including include VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 32 anxiety anxiety NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 33 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 34 depression depression NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 35 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 36 loneliness loneliness NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 37 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 38 difficulty difficulty NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 39 coping cope VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 40 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 41 stressors stressor NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 42 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 43 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 44 time time NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 45 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 46 crisis crisis NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 48 Girdhar Girdhar NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 49 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 50 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 51 . . NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 52 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 53 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 64 55 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 1 Although although IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 2 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 3 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 4 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 5 disproportionately disproportionately RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 6 impacted impact VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 7 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 8 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 10 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 11 not not RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 12 all all DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 13 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 14 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 15 experience experience VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 16 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 18 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 19 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 20 same same JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 21 set set NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 22 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 24 dis)advantages dis)advantage NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 65 25 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 1 Highlighting highlight VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 2 which which WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 3 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 4 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 5 face face VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 6 systemic systemic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 8 dis)advantages dis)advantage NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 9 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 10 important important JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 11 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 12 contextualize contextualize VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 13 differing differ VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 14 risks risk NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 15 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 16 resources resource NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 17 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 18 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 19 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 20 profiles profile NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 22 Ferraro Ferraro NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 23 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 24 Kemp Kemp NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 25 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 26 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 27 Williams Williams NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 28 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 29 2017 2017 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 66 31 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 1 As as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 2 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 3 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 4 an an DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 5 infectious infectious JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 6 disease disease NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 7 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 8 conditions condition NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 9 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 10 which which WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 11 people people NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 12 live live VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 13 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 14 work work NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 15 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 16 primary primary JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 17 factors factor NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 18 determining determine VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 19 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 20 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 21 exposure exposure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 67 22 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 1 Structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 2 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 3 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 4 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 5 forms form NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 6 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 7 residential residential JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 8 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 9 occupational occupational JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 10 segregation segregation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 12 i.e. i.e. FW cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 13 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 14 unequal unequal JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 15 distribution distribution NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 16 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 17 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 18 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 19 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 20 groups group NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 21 across across IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 22 neighborhoods neighborhood NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 23 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 24 jobs job NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 26 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 27 wealth wealth NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 28 inequalities inequality NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 29 shape shape VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 30 living live VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 31 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 32 working working NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 33 conditions condition NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 34 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 35 ways way NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 36 that that WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 37 put put VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 38 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 39 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 40 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 41 at at IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 42 greater great JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 43 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 44 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 45 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 46 exposure exposure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 47 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 48 limit limit VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 49 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 50 ability ability NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 51 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 52 A a NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 53 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 54 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 55 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 56 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 57 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 58 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 59 d d NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 60 M M NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 61 a a NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 62 n n NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 63 u u NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 64 s s NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 65 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 66 r r NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 67 i i NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 68 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 69 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 70 practice practice NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 71 physical physical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 72 distancing distancing NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 73 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 74 Ray Ray NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 75 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 76 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 77 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 68 78 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 1 Residential residential JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 2 segregation segregation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 3 stems stem VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 4 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 5 both both CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 6 historical historical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 7 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 8 contemporary contemporary JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 9 forms form NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 10 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 11 discriminatory discriminatory JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 12 government government NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 13 policies policy NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 15 e.g. e.g. RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 16 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 17 exclusion exclusion NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 18 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 19 financial financial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 20 benefits benefit NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 21 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 22 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 23 New New NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 24 Deal Deal NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 25 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 26 GI GI NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 27 Bill Bill NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 29 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 30 institutional institutional JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 31 practices practice NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 33 e.g. e.g. RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 34 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 35 unfair unfair JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 36 lending lending NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 37 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 38 redlining redlining NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 39 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 40 blockbusting blockbusting NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 43 Massey Massey NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 44 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 45 Denton Denton NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 46 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 47 1993 1993 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 48 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 49 Sewell Sewell NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 50 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 51 2016 2016 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 69 53 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 1 Compared compare VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 2 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 3 predominately predominately RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 4 White white JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 5 neighborhoods neighborhood NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 6 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 7 majority majority NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 8 Black black JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 9 or or CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 10 Latinx latinx JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 11 neighborhoods neighborhood NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 12 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 13 more more RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 14 likely likely JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 15 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 16 be be VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 17 harmful harmful JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 18 ecological ecological JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 19 environments environment NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 20 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 21 characterized characterize VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 22 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 23 densely densely RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 24 populated populate VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 25 areas area NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 26 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 27 concentrated concentrated JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 28 economic economic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 29 disadvantage disadvantage NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 30 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 31 high high JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 32 crime crime NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 33 rates rate NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 34 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 35 few few JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 36 healthy healthy JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 37 food food NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 38 options option NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 39 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 40 green green JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 41 spaces space NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 42 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 43 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 44 subpar subpar JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 45 housing housing NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 47 Massey Massey NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 48 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 49 Denton Denton NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 50 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 51 1993 1993 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 52 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 53 Sewell Sewell NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 54 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 55 2016 2016 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 70 57 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 1 Research research NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 2 has have VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 3 shown show VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 4 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 5 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 6 conditions condition NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 7 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 8 particularly particularly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 9 salient salient JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 10 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 11 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 12 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 13 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 14 well well RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 15 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 16 being being NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 17 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 18 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 19 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 21 Cagney Cagney NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 22 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 23 Browning Browning NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 24 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 25 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 26 Wen Wen NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 27 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 28 2005 2005 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 71 30 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 1 Due due IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 2 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 3 constrained constrain VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 4 mobility mobility NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 5 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 6 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 7 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 8 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 9 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 10 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 11 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 12 more more RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 13 likely likely JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 14 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 15 be be VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 16 exposed expose VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 17 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 18 unhealthy unhealthy JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 19 environments environment NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 20 which which WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 21 contribute contribute VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 22 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 23 adverse adverse JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 24 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 25 outcomes outcome NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 26 over over IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 27 time time NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 72 28 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 1 Racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 2 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 3 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 4 segregation segregation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 5 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 6 nursing nursing NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 7 homes home NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 8 also also RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 9 puts put VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 10 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 11 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 12 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 13 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 14 at at IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 15 greater great JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 16 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 17 than than IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 18 Whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 19 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 20 exposure exposure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 21 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 22 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 73 23 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 1 Although although IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 2 fewer few JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 3 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 4 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 5 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 6 than than IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 7 Whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 8 reside reside VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 9 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 10 long long JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 11 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 12 term term NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 13 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 14 facilities facility NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 15 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 16 minorities minority NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 17 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 18 concentrated concentrate VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 19 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 20 predominantly predominantly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 21 non non JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 22 - - JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 23 White white JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 24 facilities facility NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 25 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 26 lower low JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 27 quality quality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 28 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 29 cleanliness cleanliness NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 31 Howard Howard NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 32 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 33 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 34 . . NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 35 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 36 2002 2002 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 74 38 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 1 As as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 2 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 3 May May NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 4 16 16 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 5 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 6 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 7 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 8 60 60 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 9 % % NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 10 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 11 nursing nursing NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 12 homes home NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 13 where where WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 14 at at RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 15 least least JJS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 16 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 17 quarter quarter NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 18 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 19 residents resident NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 20 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 21 Black black JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 22 or or CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 23 Latinx Latinx NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 24 had have VBD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 25 at at RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 26 least least JJS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 75 27 1 1 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 1 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 2 case case NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 3 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 4 while while IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 5 only only RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 6 30 30 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 7 % % NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 8 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 9 homes home NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 10 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 11 almost almost RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 12 entirely entirely RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 13 White white JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 15 < < XX cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 16 5 5 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 17 % % NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 18 Black Black NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 19 or or CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 20 Latinx Latinx NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 22 residents resident NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 23 had have VBD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 24 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 25 case case NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 27 Gebeloff Gebeloff NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 28 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 29 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 30 . . NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 31 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 76 33 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 1 Finally finally RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 3 Blacks Blacks NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 4 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 5 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 6 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 7 also also RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 8 overrepresented overrepresented JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 9 among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 10 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 11 jail jail NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 12 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 13 prison prison NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 14 population population NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 15 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 16 subjecting subject VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 17 them -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 18 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 19 crowded crowded JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 20 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 21 unhygienic unhygienic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 22 living living NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 23 quarters quarter NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 25 CDC CDC NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 26 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 27 2020c 2020c CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 77 29 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 1 These these DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 2 living living NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 3 conditions condition NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 4 make make VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 6 more more RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 7 difficult difficult JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 8 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 9 practice practice VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 10 preventive preventive JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 11 measures measure NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 12 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 13 go go VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 14 about about IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 15 routine routine JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 16 daily daily JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 17 activities activity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 18 without without IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 19 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 20 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 21 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 22 exposure exposure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 78 23 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 1 Large large JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 2 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 3 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 4 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 5 wealth wealth NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 6 gaps gap NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 7 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 8 occupational occupational JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 9 segregation segregation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 10 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 11 also also RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 12 likely likely JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 13 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 14 contribute contribute VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 15 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 16 elevated elevate VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 17 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 18 risks risk NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 19 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 20 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 21 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 22 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 23 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 79 24 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 80 1 Whereas whereas IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 80 2 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 80 3 White white JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 80 4 households household NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 80 5 have have VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 80 6 A a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 80 7 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 80 8 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 80 9 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 80 10 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 80 11 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 80 12 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 80 13 d d NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 80 14 M M NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 1 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 2 n n NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 3 u u NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 4 s s NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 5 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 6 r r NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 7 i i NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 8 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 9 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 10 an an DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 11 average average JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 12 net net JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 13 worth worth NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 14 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 15 $ $ $ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 16 258 258 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 81 17 K k NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 1 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 2 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 3 averages average NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 4 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 5 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 6 Black black JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 7 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 8 Latinx Latinx NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 9 households household NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 10 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 11 only only RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 12 $ $ $ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 13 13k 13k CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 14 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 15 $ $ $ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 16 39k 39k NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 17 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 18 respectively respectively RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 20 Brown Brown NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 21 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 22 2016 2016 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 82 24 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 1 Thus thus RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 4 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 5 not not RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 6 surprising surprising JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 7 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 8 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 9 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 10 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 11 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 12 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 13 more more RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 14 likely likely JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 15 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 16 live live VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 17 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 18 crowded crowded JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 19 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 20 multi multi JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 21 - - JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 22 generational generational JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 23 households household NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 24 than than IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 25 Whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 27 Vespa Vespa NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 28 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 29 Lewis Lewis NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 30 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 31 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 32 Kreider Kreider NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 33 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 34 2013 2013 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 36 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 37 which which WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 38 likely likely RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 39 increases increase VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 40 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 41 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 42 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 43 exposure exposure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 44 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 45 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 46 due due IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 47 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 48 limited limited JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 49 space space NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 50 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 51 isolate isolate VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 52 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 53 household household NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 54 members member NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 55 who who WP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 56 have have VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 57 been be VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 58 exposed expose VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 59 or or CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 60 infected infect VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 83 61 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 3 many many JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 4 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 5 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 6 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 7 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 8 must must MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 9 continue continue VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 10 working work VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 11 outside outside IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 12 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 13 home home NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 14 despite despite IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 15 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 16 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 18 communities community NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 19 due due JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 20 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 21 economic economic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 22 necessity necessity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 23 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 24 increasing increase VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 26 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 27 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 28 exposure exposure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 84 29 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 1 Black black JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 2 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 3 Latinx Latinx NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 4 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 5 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 6 overrepresented overrepresente VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 7 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 8 high high JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 9 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 10 contact contact NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 11 occupations occupation NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 12 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 13 food food NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 14 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 15 retail retail NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 16 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 17 service service NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 18 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 19 transportation transportation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 20 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 21 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 22 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 23 industries industry NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 24 that that WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 25 have have VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 26 been be VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 27 categorized categorize VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 28 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 85 29 -essential.‖ -essential.‖ NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 1 For for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 2 example example NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 3 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 4 Blacks Blacks NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 5 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 6 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 7 both both DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 8 represent represent VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 9 approximately approximately RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 10 25 25 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 11 % % NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 12 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 13 service service NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 14 industry industry NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 15 workers worker NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 16 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 17 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 18 16 16 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 19 % % NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 20 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 21 production production NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 22 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 23 transportations transportation NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 24 workers worker NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 25 compared compare VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 26 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 27 16 16 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 28 % % NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 29 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 30 11 11 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 31 % % NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 32 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 33 Whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 34 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 35 respectively respectively RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 37 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 38 Bureau Bureau NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 39 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 40 Labor Labor NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 41 Statistics Statistics NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 42 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 43 2019 2019 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 86 45 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 1 These these DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 2 occupations occupation NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 3 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 4 less less RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 5 likely likely JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 6 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 7 have have VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 8 paid pay VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 9 sick sick JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 10 leave leave NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 11 which which WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 12 can can MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 13 increase increase VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 14 exposure exposure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 15 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 16 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 17 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 18 workers worker NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 19 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 21 families family NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 22 every every DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 23 time time NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 25 go go VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 26 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 27 work work NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 28 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 29 particularly particularly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 30 those those DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 31 who who WP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 32 rely rely VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 33 on on IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 34 public public JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 36 i.e. i.e. FW cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 37 crowded crowded JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 39 transportation transportation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 41 Ray Ray NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 42 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 43 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 87 45 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 1 Blacks Blacks NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 2 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 3 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 4 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 5 also also RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 6 less less RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 7 likely likely JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 8 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 9 work work VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 10 remotely remotely RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 11 than than IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 12 Whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 14 18 18 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 15 % % NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 16 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 17 13 13 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 18 % % NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 19 compared compare VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 20 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 21 26 26 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 22 % % NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 23 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 24 respectively respectively RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 88 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 89 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 89 2 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 89 3 Bureau Bureau NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 89 4 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 89 5 Labor Labor NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 89 6 Statistics Statistics NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 89 7 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 89 8 2019 2019 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 89 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 89 10 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 1 Thus thus RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 3 -shelter -shelter : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 4 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 5 place‖ place‖ XX cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 6 mandates mandate NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 7 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 8 reduce reduce VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 9 transmission transmission NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 10 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 11 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 12 may may MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 13 be be VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 14 less less RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 15 protective protective JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 16 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 17 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 18 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 19 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 20 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 21 than than IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 22 Whites Whites NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 23 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 25 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 26 less less RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 27 likely likely JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 28 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 29 have have VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 30 access access NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 31 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 32 healthy healthy JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 33 housing housing NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 34 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 35 paid pay VBD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 36 sick sick JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 37 leave leave NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 38 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 39 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 40 often often RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 41 lack lack VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 42 flexible flexible JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 43 work work NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 44 arrangements arrangement NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 45 that that WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 46 allow allow VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 47 them -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 48 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 49 work work VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 50 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 90 51 home home NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 91 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 91 2 Gould Gould NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 91 3 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 91 4 Shierholz Shierholz NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 91 5 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 91 6 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 91 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 91 8 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 1 Not not RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 2 only only RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 3 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 4 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 5 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 6 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 7 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 8 at at IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 9 higher high JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 10 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 11 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 12 exposure exposure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 13 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 14 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 15 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 17 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 18 also also RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 19 more more RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 20 likely likely JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 21 than than IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 22 Whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 23 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 24 experience experience VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 25 serious serious JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 26 complications complication NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 27 or or CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 28 death death NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 29 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 30 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 31 result result NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 32 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 33 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 34 virus virus NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 35 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 36 due due JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 37 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 38 part part NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 39 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 40 underlying underlying JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 41 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 92 42 conditions condition NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 93 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 93 2 Garg Garg NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 93 3 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 93 4 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 93 5 . . NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 93 6 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 93 7 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 93 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 93 9 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 1 From from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 2 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 3 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 4 cause cause NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 5 A a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 6 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 7 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 8 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 9 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 10 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 11 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 12 d d NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 13 M M NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 14 a a NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 15 n n NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 16 u u NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 17 s s NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 18 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 19 r r NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 20 i i NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 21 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 22 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 23 perspective perspective NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 24 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 25 we -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 26 argue argue VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 27 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 28 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 29 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 30 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 31 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 32 pre pre JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 33 - - JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 34 existing existing JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 35 pathological pathological JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 36 social social JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 37 condition condition NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 38 that that WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 39 drives drive VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 40 weathering weathering NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 41 processes process NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 42 resulting result VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 43 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 44 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 45 greater great JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 46 chronic chronic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 47 disease disease NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 48 burden burden NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 49 among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 50 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 51 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 52 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 53 that that WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 54 elevates elevate VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 55 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 56 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 57 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 58 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 59 complications complication NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 60 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 61 death death NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 62 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 63 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 94 64 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 1 As as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 2 noted note VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 3 above above RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 4 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 5 theory theory NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 6 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 7 empirical empirical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 8 data datum NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 9 show show VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 10 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 11 numerous numerous JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 12 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 13 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 14 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 15 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 16 across across IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 17 social social JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 18 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 19 economic economic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 20 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 21 political political JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 22 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 23 judicial judicial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 24 systems system NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 25 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 26 interrelated interrelated JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 27 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 28 lead lead VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 29 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 30 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 31 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 32 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 33 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 34 inequalities inequality NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 35 via via IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 36 an an DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 37 array array NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 38 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 39 replaceable replaceable JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 40 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 41 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 42 including include VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 43 unequal unequal JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 44 access access NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 45 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 46 socioeconomic socioeconomic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 47 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 48 flexible flexible JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 49 resources resource NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 50 as as RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 51 well well RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 52 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 53 exposure exposure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 54 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 55 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 56 factors factor NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 57 such such JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 58 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 59 environmental environmental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 60 toxins toxin NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 61 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 62 discrimination discrimination NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 63 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 64 other other JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 65 social social JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 66 stressors stressor NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 67 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 68 Gee Gee NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 69 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 70 Ford Ford NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 71 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 72 2011 2011 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 73 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 74 Sewell Sewell NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 75 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 76 2016 2016 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 77 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 95 78 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 1 These these DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 2 structurallyrooted structurallyroote VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 3 inequalities inequality NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 4 accumulate accumulate VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 5 across across IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 6 domains domain NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 7 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 8 generations generation NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 9 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 10 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 11 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 12 life life NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 13 course course NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 14 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 15 leading lead VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 16 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 17 weathering weathering NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 18 processes process NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 19 characterized characterize VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 20 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 21 Black Black NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 22 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 23 Latinx Latinx NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 24 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 25 experiencing experience VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 26 greater great JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 27 physiological physiological JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 28 dysregulation dysregulation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 29 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 30 inflammation inflammation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 31 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 32 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 33 accelerated accelerate VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 34 biological biological JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 35 aging aging NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 36 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 37 vis vis FW cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 38 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 39 à à FW cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 40 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 41 vis vis FW cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 42 Whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 44 Crimmins Crimmins NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 45 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 46 Seeman Seeman NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 47 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 48 2004 2004 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 49 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 50 Geronimus Geronimus NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 51 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 52 Hicken Hicken NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 53 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 54 Keene Keene NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 55 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 56 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 57 Bound Bound NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 58 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 59 2006 2006 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 60 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 61 Goosby Goosby NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 62 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 63 Cheadle Cheadle NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 64 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 65 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 66 Mitchell Mitchell NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 67 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 68 2018 2018 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 69 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 96 70 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 1 For for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 2 example example NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 3 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 4 research research NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 5 shows show VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 6 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 7 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 8 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 9 related relate VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 10 adversity adversity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 11 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 12 stressors stressor NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 13 result result VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 14 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 15 increased increase VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 16 activity activity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 17 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 18 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 19 sympathetic sympathetic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 20 nervous nervous JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 21 system system NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 23 e.g. e.g. RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 24 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 25 increases increase NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 26 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 27 blood blood NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 28 pressure pressure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 30 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 31 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 32 hypothalamic hypothalamic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 33 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 34 pituitary pituitary NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 35 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 36 adrenal adrenal NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 37 axis axis NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 39 e.g. e.g. RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 40 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 41 elevated elevate VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 42 circulating circulate VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 43 hormone hormone NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 44 levels level NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 46 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 47 when when WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 48 these these DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 49 physiological physiological JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 50 stress stress NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 51 responses response NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 52 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 53 repeatedly repeatedly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 54 activated activate VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 55 they -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 56 lead lead VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 57 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 58 increased increase VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 59 risks risk NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 60 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 61 an an DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 62 array array NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 63 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 64 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 65 conditions condition NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 66 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 67 Geronimus Geronimus NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 68 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 69 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 70 . . NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 71 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 72 2006 2006 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 97 73 ; ; . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 1 Goosby Goosby NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 2 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 3 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 4 . . NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 5 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 6 2018 2018 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 7 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 8 Miller Miller NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 9 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 10 Chen Chen NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 11 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 12 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 13 Parker Parker NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 14 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 15 2011 2011 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 98 17 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 1 Thus thus RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 4 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 5 not not RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 6 surprising surprising JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 7 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 8 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 9 Black black JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 10 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 11 Latinx Latinx NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 12 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 14 1 1 LS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 16 have have VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 17 more more JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 18 underlying underlying JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 19 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 20 conditions condition NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 21 than than IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 22 Whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 24 e.g. e.g. IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 25 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 26 disease disease NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 27 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 28 diabetes diabetes NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 29 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 30 hypertension hypertension NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 31 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 32 chronic chronic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 33 lung lung NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 34 disease disease NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 35 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 36 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 37 obesity obesity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 39 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 41 2 2 LS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 43 experience experience VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 44 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 45 deterioration deterioration NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 46 earlier early RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 47 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 48 life life NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 49 ; ; , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 50 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 52 3 3 LS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 54 experience experience VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 55 steeper steep JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 56 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 57 declines decline NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 58 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 59 age age NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 60 that that WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 61 results result VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 62 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 63 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 64 higher high JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 65 burden burden NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 66 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 67 disease disease NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 68 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 69 Brown Brown NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 70 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 71 2018 2018 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 72 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 73 Garcia Garcia NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 74 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 75 Garcia Garcia NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 76 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 77 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 78 Ailshire Ailshire NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 79 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 80 2018 2018 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 81 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 82 Garcia Garcia NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 83 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 84 Garcia Garcia NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 85 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 86 Chiu Chiu NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 87 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 88 Raji Raji NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 89 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 90 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 91 Markides Markides NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 92 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 93 2018 2018 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 94 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 99 95 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 1 These these DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 2 weathering weathering NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 3 processes process NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 4 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 5 key key JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 6 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 7 thorough thorough JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 8 which which WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 9 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 10 exposure exposure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 11 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 12 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 13 over over IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 14 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 100 15 life life NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 101 1 A a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 101 2 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 101 3 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 101 4 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 101 5 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 101 6 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 101 7 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 101 8 d d NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 101 9 M M NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 101 10 a a NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 102 1 n n CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 102 2 u u NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 102 3 s s NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 102 4 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 102 5 r r NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 102 6 i i PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 1 p p NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 2 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 3 course course NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 4 -gets -get NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 5 under under IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 6 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 7 skin,‖ skin,‖ NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 8 undermining undermine VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 9 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 10 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 11 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 12 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 13 Black Black NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 14 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 15 Latinx Latinx NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 16 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 17 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 18 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 19 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 20 turn turn NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 21 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 22 leading lead VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 23 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 25 disproportionately disproportionately RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 26 high high JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 27 rates rate NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 28 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 29 mortality mortality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 30 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 31 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 32 related relate VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 33 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 34 preexisting preexist VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 35 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 36 conditions condition NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 103 37 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 1 Unequal unequal JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 2 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 3 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 4 access access NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 5 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 6 quality quality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 7 place place NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 8 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 9 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 10 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 11 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 12 minorities minority NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 13 at at IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 14 heightened heightened JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 15 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 16 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 17 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 18 problems problem NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 19 arising arise VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 20 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 21 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 22 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 23 outbreak outbreak NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 25 Laster Laster NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 26 Pirtle Pirtle NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 27 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 28 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 104 30 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 1 Given give VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 3 overrepresentation overrepresentation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 4 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 5 low low JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 6 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 7 wage wage NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 8 jobs job NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 9 that that WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 10 lack lack VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 11 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 12 benefits benefit NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 13 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 14 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 15 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 16 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 17 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 18 minorities minority NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 19 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 20 less less RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 21 likely likely JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 22 than than IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 23 Whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 24 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 25 have have VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 26 employer employer NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 27 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 28 provided provide VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 29 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 30 insurance insurance NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 31 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 32 creating create VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 33 significant significant JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 34 barriers barrier NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 35 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 36 accessing access VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 37 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 38 affording afford VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 39 medical medical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 40 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 42 Brown Brown NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 43 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 44 2018 2018 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 105 46 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 1 When when WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 2 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 3 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 4 Latinxs Latinxs NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 5 navigate navigate VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 6 past past IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 7 these these DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 8 barriers barrier NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 9 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 10 access access VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 11 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 12 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 13 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 14 system system NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 15 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 17 often often RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 18 receive receive VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 19 lower low JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 20 quality quality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 21 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 22 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 23 than than IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 24 Whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 25 due due JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 26 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 27 both both DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 28 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 29 inequalities inequality NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 30 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 31 physician physician NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 32 bias bias NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 34 Smedley Smedley NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 35 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 36 Stith Stith NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 37 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 38 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 39 Nelson Nelson NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 40 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 41 2003 2003 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 106 43 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 1 In in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 2 addition addition NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 3 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 4 residential residential JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 5 segregation segregation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 6 shapes shape VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 7 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 8 distribution distribution NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 9 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 10 patients patient NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 11 across across IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 12 hospitals hospital NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 13 such such JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 14 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 15 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 16 worst bad JJS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 17 hospitals hospital NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 19 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 20 terms term NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 21 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 22 quality quality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 23 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 24 cost cost NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 26 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 27 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 28 double double PDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 29 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 30 proportion proportion NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 31 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 32 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 33 Black black JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 34 patients patient NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 35 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 36 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 37 best good JJS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 38 hospitals hospital NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 40 Jha Jha NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 41 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 42 Orav Orav NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 43 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 44 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 45 Epstein Epstein NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 46 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 47 2011 2011 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 107 49 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 1 Studies study NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 2 also also RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 3 show show VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 4 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 5 minorities minority NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 6 have have VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 7 longer long JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 8 waiting wait VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 9 times time NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 10 before before IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 11 seeing see VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 12 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 13 provider provider NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 14 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 15 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 16 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 17 less less RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 18 likely likely JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 19 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 20 have have VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 22 pain pain NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 23 appropriately appropriately RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 24 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 25 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 26 effectively effectively RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 27 treated treat VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 28 due due IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 29 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 30 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 31 constraints constraint NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 32 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 33 racialized racialized JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 34 stereotypes stereotype NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 35 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 36 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 37 false false JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 38 beliefs belief NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 39 regarding regard VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 40 genetic genetic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 41 differences difference NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 42 on on IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 43 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 44 part part NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 45 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 46 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 47 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 48 providers provider NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 50 Hoffman Hoffman NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 51 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 52 Trawalter Trawalter NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 53 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 54 Axt Axt NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 55 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 56 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 57 Oliver Oliver NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 58 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 59 2016 2016 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 108 61 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 1 Such such JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 2 delays delay NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 3 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 4 ineffectiveness ineffectiveness NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 5 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 6 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 7 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 8 treatment treatment NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 9 can can MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 10 prove prove VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 11 deadly deadly JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 12 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 13 minority minority NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 14 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 15 patients patient NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 16 who who WP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 17 may may MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 18 be be VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 19 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 20 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 21 fragile fragile JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 22 state state NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 23 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 24 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 109 25 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 1 Finally finally RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 3 ethical ethical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 4 guidelines guideline NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 5 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 6 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 7 allocation allocation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 8 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 9 scarce scarce JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 10 medical medical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 11 resources resource NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 12 during during IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 13 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 14 pandemic pandemic NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 15 will will MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 16 likely likely RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 17 exacerbate exacerbate VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 18 existing exist VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 19 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 20 inequalities inequality NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 21 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 22 quality quality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 23 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 24 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 110 25 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 1 Recommendations recommendation NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 2 published publish VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 3 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 4 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 5 New New NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 6 England England NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 7 Journal Journal NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 8 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 9 Medicine Medicine NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 10 suggest suggest VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 11 -giving -give VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 12 priority priority NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 13 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 14 younger young JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 15 patients patient NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 16 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 17 those those DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 18 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 19 fewer few JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 20 A a NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 21 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 22 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 23 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 24 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 25 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 26 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 27 d d NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 28 M M NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 29 a a NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 30 n n NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 31 u u NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 32 s s NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 33 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 34 r r NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 35 i i NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 36 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 37 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 38 coexisting coexist VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 39 conditions‖ conditions‖ DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 41 Emanuel Emanuel NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 42 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 43 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 44 . . NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 45 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 46 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 111 48 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 1 This this DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 2 practice practice NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 3 would would MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 4 disproportionately disproportionately RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 5 harm harm VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 6 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 7 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 8 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 9 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 10 minorities minority NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 11 given give VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 13 higher high JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 14 rates rate NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 15 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 16 earlier early JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 17 onset onset NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 18 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 19 chronic chronic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 20 conditions condition NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 112 21 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 1 While while IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 2 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 3 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 4 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 6 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 7 an an DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 8 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 9 crisis crisis NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 10 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 11 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 12 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 13 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 14 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 15 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 16 inequalities inequality NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 18 has have VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 19 exposed expose VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 20 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 21 long long RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 22 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 23 standing stand VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 24 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 25 deeply deeply RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 26 rooted root VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 27 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 28 American american JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 29 society society NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 113 30 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 1 Increased increase VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 2 risk risk NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 3 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 4 exposure exposure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 5 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 6 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 7 virus virus NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 8 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 9 weathering weathering NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 10 processes process NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 11 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 12 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 13 reduced reduce VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 14 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 15 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 16 quality quality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 17 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 18 access access NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 19 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 20 key key JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 21 proximate proximate JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 22 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 23 that that WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 24 explain explain VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 25 how how WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 26 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 27 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 28 outbreak outbreak NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 29 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 30 disproportionately disproportionately RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 31 harming harm VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 32 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 33 Black black JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 34 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 35 Latinx Latinx NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 36 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 114 37 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 1 However however RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 3 understanding understand VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 4 why why WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 5 these these DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 6 disparities disparity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 7 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 8 produced produce VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 9 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 10 maintained maintain VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 11 requires require VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 12 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 13 recognition recognition NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 14 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 15 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 16 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 17 - - : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 18 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 20 myriad myriad JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 21 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 22 - - : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 23 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 24 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 25 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 26 cause cause NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 27 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 28 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 29 disparities disparity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 115 30 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 1 This this DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 2 knowledge knowledge NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 3 presents present VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 4 both both DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 5 challenges challenge NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 6 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 7 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 8 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 9 researchers researcher NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 10 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 11 policymakers policymaker NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 12 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 14 seek seek VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 15 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 16 address address VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 17 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 18 needs need NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 19 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 20 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 21 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 116 22 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 1 Several several JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 2 immediate immediate JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 3 steps step NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 4 can can MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 5 be be VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 6 taken take VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 7 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 8 lessen lessen VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 9 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 10 burden burden NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 11 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 12 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 13 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 14 Black Black NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 15 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 16 Latinx Latinx NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 17 communities community NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 117 18 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 1 First first RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 3 state state NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 4 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 5 local local JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 6 public public JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 7 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 8 agencies agency NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 9 must must MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 10 place place VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 11 testing testing NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 12 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 13 triage triage NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 14 centers center NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 15 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 16 minority minority NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 17 neighborhoods neighborhood NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 18 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 19 help help VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 20 reduce reduce VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 21 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 22 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 23 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 24 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 25 gap gap NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 26 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 27 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 28 cases case NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 29 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 30 deaths death NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 118 31 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 1 Second second JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 3 governments government NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 4 need need VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 5 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 6 provide provide VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 7 economic economic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 8 relief relief NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 9 directly directly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 10 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 11 individuals individual NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 13 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 14 households household NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 16 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 17 which which WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 18 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 19 particularly particularly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 20 important important JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 21 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 22 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 23 financial financial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 24 security security NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 25 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 26 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 27 Black Black NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 28 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 29 Latinx Latinx NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 30 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 31 given give VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 32 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 33 they -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 34 have have VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 35 less less JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 36 wealth wealth NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 37 than than IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 38 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 39 Whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 40 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 41 cushion cushion VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 42 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 43 economic economic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 44 shock shock NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 45 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 46 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 47 pandemic pandemic NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 49 Brown Brown NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 50 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 51 2016 2016 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 119 53 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 1 Third third RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 3 workers worker NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 4 deemed deem VBD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 5 -essential‖ -essential‖ : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 6 should should MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 7 be be VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 8 provided provide VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 9 personal personal JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 10 protective protective JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 11 equipment equipment NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 12 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 13 paid pay VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 14 leave leave NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 15 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 16 hazard hazard NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 17 pay pay NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 18 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 19 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 20 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 120 21 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 1 Fourth fourth RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 3 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 4 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 5 organizations organization NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 6 must must MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 7 ensure ensure VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 8 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 9 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 10 bias bias NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 11 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 12 seemingly seemingly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 13 -race -race NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 14 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 15 neutral‖ neutral‖ NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 16 policies policy NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 17 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 18 practices practice NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 19 do do VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 20 not not RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 21 have have VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 22 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 23 disparate disparate JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 24 impact impact NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 25 on on IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 26 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 27 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 28 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 29 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 30 minorities minority NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 32 Ray Ray NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 33 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 34 2019 2019 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 121 36 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 1 Fifth fifth JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 2 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 3 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 4 order order NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 5 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 6 understand understand VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 7 how how WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 8 A a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 9 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 10 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 11 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 12 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 13 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 14 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 15 d d NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 16 M M NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 17 a a NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 18 n n NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 19 u u NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 20 s s NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 21 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 22 r r NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 23 i i NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 24 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 25 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 26 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 27 pandemic pandemic NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 28 impacts impact VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 29 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 30 subpopulation subpopulation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 31 groups group NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 32 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 33 it -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 34 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 35 imperative imperative JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 36 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 37 federal federal JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 38 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 39 state state NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 40 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 41 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 42 local local JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 43 governments government NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 44 collect collect VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 45 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 46 release release VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 47 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 48 data datum NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 49 on on IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 50 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 51 number number NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 52 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 53 confirmed confirm VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 54 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 55 cases case NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 56 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 57 deaths death NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 58 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 59 race race NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 60 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 61 ethnicity ethnicity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 62 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 63 age age NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 64 across across IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 65 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 66 range range NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 67 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 68 sociodemographic sociodemographic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 69 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 70 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 71 e.g. e.g. RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 72 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 73 nativity nativity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 74 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 75 country country NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 76 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 77 origin origin NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 78 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 79 age age NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 80 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 81 migration migration NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 82 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 83 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 84 gender gender NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 85 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 86 which which WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 87 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 88 known know VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 89 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 90 individually individually RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 91 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 92 collectively collectively RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 93 shape shape VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 94 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 95 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 96 mortality mortality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 97 outcomes outcome NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 98 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 99 Arias Arias NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 100 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 101 Johnson Johnson NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 102 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 103 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 104 Vera Vera NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 105 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 106 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 107 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 108 Brown Brown NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 109 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 110 2018 2018 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 122 111 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 1 M. M. NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 2 A. a. NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 3 Garcia Garcia NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 4 et et NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 5 al al NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 6 . . NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 7 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 8 2018 2018 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 9 ; ; : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 10 Reyes Reyes NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 11 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 12 Garcia Garcia NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 13 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 14 2019 2019 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 123 16 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 1 A a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 2 key key JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 3 insight insight NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 4 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 5 Fundamental Fundamental NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 6 Cause Cause NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 7 Theory Theory NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 8 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 9 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 10 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 11 due due IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 12 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 13 shifting shift VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 14 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 15 replaceable replaceable JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 16 intervening intervening NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 17 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 18 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 19 minority minority NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 20 communities community NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 21 will will MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 22 continue continue VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 23 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 24 bear bear VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 25 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 26 disproportionate disproportionate JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 27 burden burden NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 28 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 29 suffering suffering NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 30 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 31 excess excess JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 32 death death NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 33 before before RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 34 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 35 during during IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 36 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 37 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 38 after after IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 39 public public JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 40 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 41 crises crisis NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 42 - - : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 43 unless unless IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 44 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 45 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 46 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 47 adequately adequately RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 48 addressed address VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 50 Laster Laster NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 51 Pirtle Pirtle NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 52 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 53 2020 2020 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 124 55 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 1 In in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 2 order order NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 3 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 4 address address VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 5 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 6 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 7 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 8 scholars scholar NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 9 have have VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 10 proposed propose VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 11 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 12 number number NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 13 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 14 bold bold JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 15 actions action NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 16 such such JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 17 as as IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 18 criminal criminal JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 19 justice justice NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 20 reform reform NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 21 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 22 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 23 federal federal JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 24 jobs job NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 25 guarantee guarantee NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 26 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 27 reparations reparation NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 28 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 29 universal universal JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 30 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 31 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 32 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 33 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 34 desegregation desegregation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 35 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 36 schools school NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 37 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 38 jobs job NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 39 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 40 neighborhoods neighborhood NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 125 41 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 1 This this DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 2 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 3 consistent consistent JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 4 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 5 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 6 growing grow VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 7 recognition recognition NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 8 that that IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 9 dismantling dismantle VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 10 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 11 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 12 through through IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 13 transformative transformative JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 14 actions action NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 15 across across IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 16 societal societal JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 17 domains domain NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 18 is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 19 essential essential JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 20 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 21 achieving achieve VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 22 population population NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 23 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 24 equity equity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 126 25 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 1 A a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 2 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 3 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 4 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 5 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 6 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 7 e e NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 8 d d NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 9 M M NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 10 a a NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 11 n n NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 12 u u NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 13 s s NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 14 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 15 r r NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 16 i i NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 17 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 18 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 19 M M NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 20 a a NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 21 n n NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 22 u u NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 23 s s NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 127 24 c c NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 128 1 r r LS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 1 i i NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 2 p p NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 3 t t NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 4 Figure figure NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 5 1 1 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 6 _SP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 7 Racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 8 disparities disparity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 9 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 10 mortality mortality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 11 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 12 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 13 adult adult NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 14 hispanic hispanic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 15 population population NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 129 16 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 130 1 SSM SSM NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 130 2 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 130 3 Population Population NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 130 4 Health Health NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 130 5 Severe severe JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 130 6 outcomes outcome NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 130 7 among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 130 8 patients patient NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 130 9 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 130 10 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 130 11 disease disease NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 130 12 2019 2019 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 131 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 131 2 COVID-19)-United COVID-19)-United NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 131 3 States States NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 131 4 Death Death NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 131 5 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 131 6 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 131 7 Thousand thousand CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 131 8 Cuts cut NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 131 9 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 132 1 Stress stress NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 132 2 Exposure Exposure NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 132 3 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 132 4 Black Black NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 132 5 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 132 6 White White NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 132 7 Disparities Disparities NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 132 8 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 132 9 Physiological physiological JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 132 10 Functioning function VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 132 11 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 132 12 Late late JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 132 13 Life life NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 133 1 Rethinking rethink VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 133 2 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 133 3 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 134 1 Toward toward IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 134 2 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 134 3 structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 134 4 interpretation interpretation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 1 Diverging diverge VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 2 fortunes fortune NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 3 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 4 Racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 5 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 6 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 7 inequality inequality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 8 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 9 wealth wealth NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 10 trajectories trajectory NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 11 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 12 middle middle JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 13 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 14 late late JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 15 life life NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 16 Racial Racial NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 17 Stratification stratification NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 18 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 19 Immigration immigration NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 20 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 21 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 22 Health Health NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 23 Inequality inequality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 135 24 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 1 A a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 2 Life Life NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 3 Course Course NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 4 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 5 Intersectional Intersectional NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 6 Approach Approach NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 7 Racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 8 disparities disparity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 9 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 10 selfrated selfrated JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 11 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 12 at at IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 13 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 14 ages age NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 15 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 16 what what WDT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 17 difference difference NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 18 does do VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 19 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 20 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 21 make make VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 136 22 ? ? . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 1 Preventing prevent VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 2 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 3 Spread Spread NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 4 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 5 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 6 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 7 Retirement Retirement NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 8 Communities Communities NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 9 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 10 Independent Independent NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 11 Living Living NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 12 Facilities Facilities NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 14 Interim Interim NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 15 Guidance Guidance NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 17 Weekly Weekly NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 18 updates update NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 19 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 20 select select JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 21 demographic demographic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 22 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 23 geographic geographic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 24 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 25 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 26 Provisional provisional JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 27 death death NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 28 counts count NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 29 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 30 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 32 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 34 COVID-19 covid-19 VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 35 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 36 Racial Racial NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 37 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 38 Ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 39 Minority Minority NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 40 Groups Groups NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 41 Integrating integrate VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 42 biology biology NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 43 into into IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 44 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 45 study study NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 46 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 47 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 48 disparities disparity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 137 49 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 1 Population population NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 2 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 3 Development Development NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 4 Review Review NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 5 An an DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 6 interactive interactive JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 7 web web NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 8 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 9 based base VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 10 dashboard dashboard NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 11 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 12 track track VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 13 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 14 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 15 real real JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 16 time time NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 138 17 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 1 The the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 2 Lancet Lancet NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 3 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 4 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 5 Fair Fair NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 6 allocation allocation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 7 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 8 scarce scarce JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 9 medical medical JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 10 resources resource NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 11 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 12 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 13 time time NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 14 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 15 Covid-19 Covid-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 16 Systemic systemic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 17 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 18 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 19 US US NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 20 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 21 care care NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 139 22 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 1 Social Social NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 2 science science NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 3 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 4 medicine medicine NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 5 Diverse Diverse NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 6 aging age VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 7 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 8 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 9 inequality inequality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 10 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 11 race race NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 12 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 13 ethnicity ethnicity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 14 Sociocultural sociocultural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 15 variability variability NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 16 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 17 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 18 Latino latino JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 19 population population NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 140 20 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 141 1 Age age NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 141 2 patterns pattern NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 141 3 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 141 4 differences difference NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 141 5 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 141 6 morbidity morbidity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 141 7 among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 141 8 older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 141 9 US US NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 141 10 adults adult NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 1 A a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 2 Comprehensive Comprehensive NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 3 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 4 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 5 Morbidity Morbidity NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 6 Life Life NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 7 Expectancies expectancy NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 8 Among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 9 Older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 10 Hispanic hispanic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 11 Subgroups Subgroups NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 12 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 13 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 14 United United NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 15 States States NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 142 16 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 1 Variation variation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 2 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 3 Nativity Nativity NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 4 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 5 Country Country NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 6 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 7 Origin Origin NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 8 Hospitalization Hospitalization NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 9 Rates Rates NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 10 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 11 Characteristics characteristic NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 12 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 13 Patients patient NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 14 Hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 15 with with IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 16 Laboratory Laboratory NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 17 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 18 Confirmed confirm VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 19 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 20 Disease Disease NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 21 2019-COVID 2019-covid NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 22 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 23 NET net NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 24 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 25 14 14 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 143 26 States state NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 1 Structural structural JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 2 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 3 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 4 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 5 inequities inequity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 6 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 7 old old JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 8 issues issue NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 9 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 10 new new JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 11 directions direction NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 12 Weathering‖ Weathering‖ NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 13 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 14 age age NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 15 patterns pattern NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 16 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 17 allostatic allostatic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 18 load load NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 19 scores score NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 20 among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 21 blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 22 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 23 whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 24 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 25 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 26 United United NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 27 States States NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 28 Managing manage VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 29 mental mental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 30 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 31 issues issue NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 32 among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 33 elderly elderly JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 34 during during IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 35 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 36 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 37 Stress stress NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 38 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 39 related relate VBN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 40 biosocial biosocial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 41 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 42 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 43 discrimination discrimination NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 44 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 45 African african JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 46 American american JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 47 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 144 48 inequities inequity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 1 Not not RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 2 everybody everybody NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 3 can can MD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 4 work work VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 5 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 6 home home NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 7 Black black JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 8 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 9 Hispanic hispanic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 10 workers worker NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 11 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 12 much much RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 13 less less RBR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 14 likely likely JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 15 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 16 be be VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 17 able able JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 18 to to TO cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 19 telework telework VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 20 Racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 21 bias bias NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 22 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 23 pain pain NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 24 assessment assessment NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 25 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 26 treatment treatment NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 27 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 28 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 29 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 30 false false JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 31 beliefs belief NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 32 about about IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 33 biological biological JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 34 differences difference NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 35 between between IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 36 blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 37 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 145 38 whites white NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 146 1 First first JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 146 2 case case NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 146 3 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 146 4 2019 2019 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 146 5 novel novel JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 146 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 146 7 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 146 8 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 146 9 United United NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 146 10 States States NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 146 11 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 146 12 Resource Resource NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 146 13 Center Center NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 146 14 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 2 m be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 3 Internet internet NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 4 Distribution distribution NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 5 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 6 African african JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 7 Americans Americans NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 8 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 9 Residential Residential NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 10 Care Care NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 11 / / SYM cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 12 Assisted Assisted NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 13 Living Living NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 14 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 15 Nursing Nursing NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 16 Homes home NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 147 17 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 148 1 More More JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 148 2 Evidence evidence NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 148 3 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 148 4 Racial Racial NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 148 5 Disparity disparity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 148 6 ? ? . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 1 Low low JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 2 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 3 quality quality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 4 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 5 high high JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 6 - - HYPH cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 7 cost cost NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 8 hospitals hospital NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 9 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 10 mainly mainly RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 11 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 12 South South NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 13 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 14 care care VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 15 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 16 sharply sharply RB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 17 higher high JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 18 shares share NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 19 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 20 elderly elderly JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 21 black black JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 22 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 23 Hispanic hispanic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 24 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 25 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 26 Medicaid Medicaid NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 149 27 patients patient NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 150 1 Racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 150 2 Capitalism capitalism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 150 3 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 1 A a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 2 Fundamental fundamental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 3 Cause cause NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 4 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 5 Novel Novel NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 6 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 8 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 10 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 11 Inequities Inequities NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 12 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 13 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 14 United United NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 15 States States NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 151 16 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 1 Health Health NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 2 Education Education NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 3 & & CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 4 Behavior Behavior NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 5 American american JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 6 apartheid apartheid NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 7 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 8 Segregation segregation NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 9 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 10 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 11 making making NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 12 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 13 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 14 underclass underclass JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 15 Psychological psychological JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 16 stress stress NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 17 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 18 childhood childhood NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 19 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 20 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 21 to to IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 22 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 23 chronic chronic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 24 diseases disease NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 25 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 26 aging age VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 27 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 28 moving move VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 29 toward toward IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 30 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 31 model model NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 32 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 33 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 34 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 35 biological biological JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 36 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 37 Assessing assess VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 38 differential differential JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 39 impacts impact NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 40 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 41 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 42 on on IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 43 Black black JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 152 44 communities community NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 1 The the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 2 twilight twilight NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 3 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 4 immunity immunity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 5 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 6 emerging emerge VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 7 concepts concept NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 8 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 9 aging age VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 10 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 11 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 12 immune immune JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 13 system system NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 14 Is be VBZ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 15 racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 16 a a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 17 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 18 cause cause NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 19 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 20 inequalities inequality NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 21 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 22 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 153 23 ? ? . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 1 Why why WRB cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 2 are be VBP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 3 Blacks black NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 4 dying die VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 5 at at IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 6 higher high JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 7 rates rate NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 8 from from IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 9 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 10 A a DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 11 Theory Theory NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 12 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 13 Racialized Racialized NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 14 Organizations Organizations NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 15 Gender Gender NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 16 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 17 Age Age NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 18 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 19 Migration Migration NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 20 Differences difference NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 21 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 22 Mortality mortality NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 154 23 Among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 1 Older old JJR cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 2 Mexican mexican JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 3 Americans Americans NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 4 Risk Risk NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 5 for for IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 6 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 7 infection infection NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 8 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 9 death death NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 10 among among IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 11 Latinos Latinos NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 12 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 13 the the DT cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 14 United United NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 15 States States NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 155 16 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 1 Examining examine VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 2 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 3 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 4 transmission transmission NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 5 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 6 Institute Institute NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 7 of of IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 8 Medicine Medicine NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 9 , , , cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 10 Committee Committee NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 11 on on IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 12 Understanding Understanding NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 13 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 14 Eliminating eliminate VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 15 Racial Racial NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 16 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 17 Ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 18 Disparities Disparities NNPS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 19 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 20 Health Health NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 21 Care Care NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 156 22 . . . cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 1 Unequal unequal JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 2 treatment treatment NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 3 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 4 confronting confront VBG cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 5 racial racial JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 6 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 7 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 8 disparities disparity NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 9 in in IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 10 healthcare healthcare NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 11 Labor Labor NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 12 force force NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 13 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 14 by by IN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 15 race race NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 16 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 17 ethnicity ethnicity NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 18 America America NNP cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 19 's 's POS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 20 families family NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 21 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 22 living living NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 157 23 arrangements arrangement NNS cord-283673-oyefmgl3 158 1 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 158 2 2012 2012 CD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 158 3 Racism racism NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 158 4 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 158 5 health health NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 158 6 : : : cord-283673-oyefmgl3 158 7 evidence evidence NN cord-283673-oyefmgl3 158 8 and and CC cord-283673-oyefmgl3 158 9 needed need VBD cord-283673-oyefmgl3 158 10 research research NN