id sid tid token lemma pos cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 1 key key JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 2 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 3 cord-133143-ws708tsc cord-133143-ws708tsc CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 4 authors author NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 5 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 6 Xu Xu NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 7 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 8 Wentao Wentao NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 9 ; ; : cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 10 Sasahara Sasahara NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 11 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 12 Kazutoshi Kazutoshi NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 13 title title NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 14 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 15 Characterizing characterize VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 16 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 17 roles role NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 18 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 19 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 20 during during IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 21 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 22 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 23 infodemic infodemic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 24 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 25 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 26 date date NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 27 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 28 2020 2020 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 29 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 30 11 11 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 31 - - SYM cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 32 12 12 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 33 journal journal NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 1 34 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 2 1 nan nan NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 2 2 DOI DOI NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 2 3 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 2 4 nan nan NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 2 5 sha sha NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 2 6 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 2 7 a4fb72ae94203ddc205f908c2ed54d58df1c9493 a4fb72ae94203ddc205f908c2ed54d58df1c9493 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 2 8 doc_id doc_id CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 2 9 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 2 10 133143 133143 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 2 11 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 2 12 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 2 13 ws708tsc ws708tsc ADD cord-133143-ws708tsc 3 1 An an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 3 2 infodemic infodemic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 3 3 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 3 4 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 3 5 emerging emerge VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 3 6 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 3 7 caused cause VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 3 8 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 3 9 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 3 10 overabundance overabundance NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 3 11 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 3 12 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 3 13 online online RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 3 14 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 1 This this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 2 proliferation proliferation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 3 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 4 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 5 makes make VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 7 difficult difficult JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 8 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 9 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 10 public public NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 11 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 12 identify identify VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 13 trustworthy trustworthy JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 14 news news NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 15 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 16 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 17 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 18 from from IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 19 untrustworthy untrustworthy JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 20 sites site NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 21 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 22 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 23 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 24 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 25 sources source NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 4 26 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 2 perils peril NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 3 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 4 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 5 infodemic infodemic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 6 debuted debut VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 7 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 8 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 9 outbreak outbreak NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 10 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 11 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 12 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 13 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 14 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 16 i.e. i.e. FW cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 17 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 18 automated automate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 19 accounts account NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 20 controlled control VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 21 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 22 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 23 set set NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 24 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 25 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 27 that that WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 28 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 29 suspected suspect VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 30 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 31 involving involve VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 32 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 33 infodemic infodemic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 5 34 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 1 Although although IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 2 previous previous JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 3 research research NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 4 has have VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 5 revealed reveal VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 6 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 7 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 8 played play VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 9 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 10 central central JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 11 role role NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 12 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 13 spreading spread VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 14 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 15 during during IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 16 major major JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 17 political political JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 18 events event NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 19 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 21 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 22 unclear unclear JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 23 how how WRB cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 24 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 25 behaved behave VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 26 during during IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 27 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 28 infodemic infodemic NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 6 29 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 2 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 3 paper paper NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 6 examined examine VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 7 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 8 roles role NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 9 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 10 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 11 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 12 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 13 case case NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 14 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 15 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 16 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 17 infodemic infodemic NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 18 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 19 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 20 diffusion diffusion NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 21 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 22 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 23 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 24 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 7 25 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 8 1 such such JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 8 2 as"5G"and"Bill as"5g"and"bill CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 8 3 Gates"conspiracy gates"conspiracy CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 8 4 theories theory NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 8 5 and"Trump"and"WHO"related and"trump"and"who"relate VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 8 6 contents content NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 8 7 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 8 8 analyzing analyze VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 8 9 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 8 10 networks network NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 8 11 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 8 12 retweeted retweete VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 8 13 items item NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 8 14 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 2 show show VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 4 bipartite bipartite JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 5 topology topology NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 6 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 8 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 9 networks network NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 10 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 11 which which WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 12 indicates indicate VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 13 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 14 right right JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 15 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 16 wing wing NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 17 self self NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 18 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 19 medium medium NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 20 accounts account NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 21 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 22 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 23 theorists theorist NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 24 may may MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 25 lead lead VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 26 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 27 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 28 opinion opinion NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 29 cleavage cleavage NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 30 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 31 while while IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 32 malicious malicious JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 33 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 34 might may MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 35 favor favor VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 36 amplification amplification NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 37 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 38 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 39 diffusion diffusion NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 40 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 41 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 42 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 43 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 44 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 9 45 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 1 Although although IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 2 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 3 basic basic JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 4 influence influence NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 5 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 6 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 7 diffusion diffusion NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 8 could could MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 9 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 10 larger large JJR cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 11 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 12 human human JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 13 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 14 than than IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 15 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 16 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 17 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 18 effects effect NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 19 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 20 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 21 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 22 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 23 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 24 negligible negligible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 25 under under IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 26 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 27 infodemic infodemic JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 28 situation situation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 10 29 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 11 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 11 2 WHO who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 11 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 11 4 Director Director NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 11 5 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 11 6 General General NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 11 7 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 11 8 15 15 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 11 9 February February NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 11 10 2020 2020 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 11 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 11 12 1 1 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 11 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 11 14 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 1 Prior prior RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 2 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 3 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 4 comment comment NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 5 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 6 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 7 large large JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 8 amount amount NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 9 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 10 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 11 about about IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 12 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 13 new new JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 15 emerged emerge VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 16 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 17 popular popular JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 18 social social JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 19 networking networking NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 20 sites site NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 22 SNSs SNSs NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 24 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 25 SNSs sns NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 26 began begin VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 27 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 28 play play VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 29 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 30 major major JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 31 role role NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 32 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 33 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 34 diffusion diffusion NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 35 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 36 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 12 37 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 1 According accord VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 2 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 4 2 2 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 6 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 7 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 8 terms term NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 9 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 10 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 11 sources source NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 12 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 13 top top JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 14 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 15 down down RP cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 16 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 17 from from IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 18 politicians politician NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 19 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 20 celebrities celebrity NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 21 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 22 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 23 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 24 prominent prominent JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 25 public public JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 26 figures figure NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 27 accounted account VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 28 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 29 69 69 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 30 % % NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 31 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 32 total total JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 33 social social JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 34 media medium NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 35 engagement engagement NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 13 36 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 3 approximately approximately RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 4 60 60 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 5 % % NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 6 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 7 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 8 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 9 related related JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 10 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 11 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 12 reconfigured reconfigure VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 13 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 14 twisted twist VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 15 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 16 recontextualized recontextualize VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 17 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 18 reworked rework VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 19 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 20 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 21 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 22 38 38 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 23 % % NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 24 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 25 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 26 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 27 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 28 completely completely RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 29 fabricated fabricate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 14 30 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 2 fact fact NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 3 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 4 checking check VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 5 organization organization NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 6 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 7 Politifact Politifact NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 8 also also RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 9 pointed point VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 10 out out RP cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 11 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 12 true true JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 13 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 14 mostly mostly RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 15 true true JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 16 news news NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 17 about about IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 18 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 19 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 20 only only RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 21 comprised comprise VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 22 up up RP cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 23 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 24 10 10 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 25 % % NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 26 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 27 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 28 total total JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 29 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 31 3 3 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 15 33 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 1 SNS SNS NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 2 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 3 tend tend VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 4 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 5 connect connect VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 6 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 7 like like JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 8 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 9 minded minded JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 10 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 11 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 12 which which WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 13 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 14 known know VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 15 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 16 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 17 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 18 birds bird NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 19 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 20 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 21 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 22 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 23 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 24 feather feather NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 25 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 26 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 27 or or CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 28 homophily homophily NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 30 4 4 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 31 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 32 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 16 34 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 3 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 4 also also RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 5 tend tend VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 6 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 7 follow follow VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 8 influencers influencer NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 9 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 10 celebrities celebrity NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 11 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 12 SNSs sns NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 13 who who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 14 behave behave VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 15 like like IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 16 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 17 hubs hub NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 17 18 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 1 Thus thus RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 3 when when WRB cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 4 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 5 influencer influencer NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 6 posts post VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 7 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 8 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 9 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 10 followers follower NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 11 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 12 often often RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 13 without without IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 14 any any DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 15 doubts doubt NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 16 about about IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 17 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 18 content content NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 19 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 20 tend tend VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 21 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 22 believe believe VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 23 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 24 share share VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 25 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 26 post post NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 27 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 28 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 29 homophilic homophilic JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 30 social social JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 31 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 18 32 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 2 addition addition NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 3 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 4 human human JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 5 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 6 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 7 previous previous JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 8 studies study NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 9 have have VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 10 shown show VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 11 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 12 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 14 i.e. i.e. FW cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 15 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 16 automated automate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 17 accounts account NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 18 controlled control VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 19 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 20 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 21 set set NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 22 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 23 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 25 also also RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 26 play play VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 27 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 28 key key JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 29 role role NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 30 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 31 propagating propagate VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 32 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 19 33 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 20 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 20 2 6 6 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 20 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 20 4 discussed discuss VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 20 5 how how WRB cord-133143-ws708tsc 20 6 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 20 7 engaged engage VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 20 8 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 20 9 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 20 10 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 20 11 increase increase VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 20 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 20 13 influence influence NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 20 14 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 1 A a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 2 well well RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 3 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 4 known know VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 5 case case NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 6 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 7 politics politic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 8 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 9 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 10 2016 2016 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 11 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 12 presidential presidential JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 13 election election NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 14 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 15 during during IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 16 which which WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 17 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 18 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 19 used use VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 20 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 21 widely widely RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 22 diffuse diffuse VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 23 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 25 7 7 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 26 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 27 8 8 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 21 29 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 2 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 3 estimated estimate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 4 that that DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 5 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 6 all all DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 7 tweeted tweet VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 8 links link NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 9 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 10 popular popular JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 11 websites website NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 12 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 13 66 66 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 14 % % NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 15 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 16 shared share VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 17 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 18 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 20 9 9 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 22 22 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 2 10 10 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 4 analyzed analyze VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 5 43.3 43.3 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 6 million million CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 7 English english JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 8 tweets tweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 9 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 10 found find VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 11 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 12 preference preference NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 13 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 14 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 15 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 16 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 17 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 18 tweet tweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 19 contents content NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 20 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 21 analyzing analyze VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 22 n n NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 23 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 24 grams gram NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 25 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 26 hashtags hashtag NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 23 27 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 4 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 5 suggested suggest VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 6 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 7 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 8 may may MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 9 play play VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 10 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 11 critical critical JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 12 role role NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 13 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 14 driving drive VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 15 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 16 viral viral JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 17 spread spread NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 18 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 19 content content NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 20 from from IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 21 low low JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 22 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 23 credibility credibility NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 24 sources source NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 25 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 26 may may MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 27 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 28 able able JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 29 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 30 amplify amplify VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 31 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 33 11 11 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 24 35 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 2 12 12 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 4 found find VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 5 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 6 social social JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 7 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 8 increased increase VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 9 from from IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 10 7.1 7.1 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 11 % % NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 12 before before RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 13 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 14 9.9 9.9 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 15 % % NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 16 when when WRB cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 17 examining examine VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 18 German German NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 19 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 20 followers follower NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 21 ' ' POS cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 22 prevalence prevalence NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 23 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 24 activities activity NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 25 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 26 seven seven CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 27 German german JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 28 parties party NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 29 before before IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 30 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 31 2017 2017 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 32 electoral electoral JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 33 campaigns campaign NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 25 34 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 1 Posts post NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 2 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 3 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 4 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 5 likely likely JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 6 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 7 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 8 more more RBR cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 9 polarized polarized JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 10 than than IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 11 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 13 13 13 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 15 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 16 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 17 therefore therefore RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 18 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 19 potential potential JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 20 engagement engagement NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 21 between between IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 22 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 23 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 24 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 25 could could MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 26 further further RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 27 amplify amplify VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 28 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 29 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 30 diffusion diffusion NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 26 31 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 1 Recent recent JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 2 research research NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 3 about about IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 4 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 5 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 6 infodemic infodemic NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 7 has have VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 8 discovered discover VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 9 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 10 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 11 flow flow VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 12 pathways pathway NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 13 between between IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 14 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 15 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 16 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 18 14 14 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 27 20 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 28 1 There there EX cord-133143-ws708tsc 28 2 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 28 3 several several JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 28 4 methods method NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 28 5 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 28 6 bot bot NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 28 7 characterization characterization NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 28 8 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 28 9 identification identification NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 28 10 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 1 Botometer Botometer NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 2 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 3 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 4 well well RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 5 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 6 known know VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 7 tool tool NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 8 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 9 automatically automatically RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 10 detecting detect VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 11 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 12 based base VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 13 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 14 supervised supervise VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 15 machine machine NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 16 learning learning NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 17 models model NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 19 15 15 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 20 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 21 16 16 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 29 23 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 1 Botometer Botometer NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 2 examines examine VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 3 six six CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 4 classes class NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 5 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 6 features feature NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 7 including include VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 8 profile profile NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 9 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 10 friends friend NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 11 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 12 social social JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 13 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 14 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 15 temporal temporal JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 16 activity activity NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 17 patterns pattern NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 18 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 19 language language NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 20 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 21 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 22 sentiment sentiment NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 23 which which WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 24 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 25 further further RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 26 categorized categorize VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 27 into into IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 28 approximately approximately RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 29 1,200 1,200 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 30 features feature NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 31 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 32 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 33 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 34 account account NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 30 35 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 1 This this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 2 tool tool NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 3 computes compute VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 4 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 5 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 6 bot bot NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 7 score score NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 8 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 9 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 10 each each DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 11 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 12 that that WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 13 ranges range VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 14 within within IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 16 0 0 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 17 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 18 1 1 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 31 20 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 32 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 32 2 higher high JJR cord-133143-ws708tsc 32 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 32 4 score score NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 32 5 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 33 1 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 33 2 higher high JJR cord-133143-ws708tsc 33 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 33 4 probability probability NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 33 5 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 33 6 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 33 7 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 33 8 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 33 9 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 33 10 bot bot NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 33 11 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 1 Botometer Botometer NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 2 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 3 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 4 state state NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 5 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 6 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 7 art art NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 8 tool tool NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 9 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 10 identifying identify VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 11 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 12 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 13 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 14 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 15 series series NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 16 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 17 research research NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 18 studies study NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 19 have have VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 20 used use VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 21 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 22 tool tool NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 23 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 24 quantify quantify VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 25 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 26 online online JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 27 behaviors behavior NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 28 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 29 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 31 11 11 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 32 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 33 17 17 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 34 35 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 3 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 5 study study NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 7 used use VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 8 Botometer Botometer NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 9 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 10 discriminate discriminate VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 11 between between IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 12 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 13 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 14 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 35 15 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 1 Given give VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 2 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 3 context context NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 5 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 6 important important JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 7 research research NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 8 question question NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 9 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 10 how how WRB cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 11 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 12 behaved behave VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 13 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 14 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 15 spread spread NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 16 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 17 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 18 during during IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 19 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 20 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 21 infodemic infodemic NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 36 22 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 37 1 To to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 37 2 study study VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 37 3 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 37 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 37 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 37 6 focused focus VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 37 7 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 37 8 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 37 9 retweets retweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 37 10 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 1 Retweet Retweet NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 2 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 3 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 4 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 5 spreading spread VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 6 behaviour behaviour NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 7 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 8 which which WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 9 any any DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 10 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 11 can can MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 12 share share VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 13 messages message NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 14 immediately immediately RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 15 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 17 followers follower NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 38 18 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 1 A a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 2 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 3 can can MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 4 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 5 both both CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 6 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 7 productive productive JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 8 communicative communicative JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 9 tool tool NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 10 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 11 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 12 selfish selfish JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 13 act act NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 14 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 15 attention attention NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 16 seekers seeker NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 18 18 18 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 39 20 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 40 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 40 2 19 19 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 40 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 40 4 found find VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 40 5 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 40 6 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 40 7 interesting interesting JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 40 8 tweet tweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 40 9 has have VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 40 10 either either CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 40 11 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 40 12 interesting interesting JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 40 13 context context NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 41 1 or or CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 41 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 41 3 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 41 4 produced produce VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 41 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 41 6 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 41 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 41 8 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 41 9 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 41 10 influencer influencer NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 41 11 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 2 20 20 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 4 pointed point VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 5 out out RP cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 6 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 7 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 8 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 9 's 's POS cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 10 high high JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 11 popularity popularity NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 12 does do VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 13 not not RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 14 necessarily necessarily RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 15 imply imply VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 16 high high JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 17 influence influence NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 18 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 19 vice vice NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 20 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 21 versa versa RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 22 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 23 indicating indicate VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 24 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 25 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 26 influencer influencer NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 27 's 's POS cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 28 popularity popularity NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 29 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 30 influence influence NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 31 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 32 weakly weakly RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 33 correlated correlate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 42 34 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 1 However however RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 4 21 21 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 5 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 6 22 22 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 7 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 8 23 23 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 10 considered consider VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 11 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 12 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 13 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 14 's 's POS cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 15 contextual contextual JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 16 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 18 e.g. e.g. RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 19 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 20 social social JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 21 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 22 topology topology NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 23 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 24 tweet tweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 25 content content NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 26 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 27 URLs url NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 29 affects affect VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 30 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 31 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 32 behavior behavior NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 43 33 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 2 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 3 paper paper NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 6 used use VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 7 retweets retweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 8 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 9 address address VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 10 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 11 sharing sharing NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 12 behavior behavior NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 13 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 14 shedding shed VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 15 light light NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 16 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 17 how how WRB cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 18 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 19 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 20 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 21 shared share VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 22 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 23 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 24 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 25 ecosystem ecosystem NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 26 where where WRB cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 27 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 28 live live VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 44 29 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 1 Misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 2 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 3 classified classify VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 4 into into IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 5 several several JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 6 types type NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 7 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 8 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 9 theories theory NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 10 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 11 one one CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 12 type type NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 14 24 24 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 45 16 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 2 negative negative JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 3 effect effect NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 4 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 5 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 6 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 7 theory theory NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 8 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 9 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 10 elicit elicit VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 11 emotions emotion NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 12 including include VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 13 avoidance avoidance NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 14 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 15 fear fear NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 16 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 17 anger anger NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 18 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 19 aggression aggression NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 20 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 21 which which WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 22 further further RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 23 result result VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 24 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 25 irrational irrational JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 26 behaviors behavior NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 28 24 24 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 46 30 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 1 As as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 2 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 3 example example NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 5 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 6 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 7 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 8 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 9 theory theory NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 10 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 11 reported report VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 12 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 13 January January NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 14 22 22 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 15 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 16 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 17 local local JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 18 Belgian belgian JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 19 newspaper newspaper NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 20 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 21 saying say VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 22 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 23 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 24 local local JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 25 doctor doctor NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 26 claimed claim VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 27 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 28 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 29 might may MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 30 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 31 linked link VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 32 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 33 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 34 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 36 25 25 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 47 38 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 2 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 3 UK UK NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 5 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 6 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 7 cell cell NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 8 phone phone NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 9 masts mast NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 10 came come VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 11 under under IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 12 arson arson NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 13 attacks attack NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 14 due due JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 15 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 16 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 17 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 18 theory theory NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 20 26 26 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 48 22 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 1 Another another DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 2 version version NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 3 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 4 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 5 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 6 theory theory NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 7 claims claim VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 8 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 9 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 10 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 11 alters alter VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 12 people people NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 13 's 's POS cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 14 immune immune JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 15 system system NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 16 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 17 changes change VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 18 DNA dna NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 19 structures structure NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 20 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 21 thus thus RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 22 making make VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 23 people people NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 24 more more RBR cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 25 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 26 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 27 contracting contract VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 28 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 29 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 31 27 27 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 32 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 33 28 28 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 49 35 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 2 addition addition NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 3 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 4 another another DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 5 popular popular JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 6 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 7 theory theory NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 8 targeted target VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 9 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 10 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 11 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 12 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 13 co co NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 14 - - NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 15 founder founder NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 16 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 17 Microsoft Microsoft NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 18 Corporation Corporation NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 50 19 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 1 This this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 2 claims claim NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 3 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 4 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 5 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 6 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 7 supported support VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 8 implanting implant VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 9 tracking track VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 10 chips chip NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 11 under under IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 12 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 13 pretext pretext NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 14 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 15 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 16 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 17 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 18 vaccination vaccination NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 20 29 29 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 21 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 22 30 30 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 51 24 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 1 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 2 political political JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 3 groups group NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 4 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 5 reported report VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 6 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 7 showing show VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 8 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 9 significant significant JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 10 partisan partisan JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 11 bias bias NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 12 regarding regard VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 13 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 14 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 16 31 31 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 18 ; ; : cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 19 compared compare VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 20 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 21 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 22 left left JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 23 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 24 wing wing NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 25 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 26 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 27 right right JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 28 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 29 wing wing NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 30 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 31 more more RBR cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 32 inclined inclined JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 33 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 34 believe believe VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 35 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 36 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 37 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 52 38 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 1 To to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 2 investigate investigate VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 4 spreading spreading NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 5 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 6 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 7 during during IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 8 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 9 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 10 infodemic infodemic NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 11 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 13 focused focus VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 14 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 15 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 16 theories theory NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 17 related relate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 18 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 19 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 20 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 21 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 22 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 23 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 24 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 25 mentioned mention VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 26 above above RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 53 27 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 1 For for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 2 comparison comparison NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 3 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 5 also also RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 6 focused focus VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 7 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 8 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 9 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 10 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 11 such such JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 12 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 13 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 14 WHO who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 15 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 16 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 17 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 18 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 19 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 21 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 22 45th 45th JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 23 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 24 president president NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 54 26 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 1 These these DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 2 keywords keyword NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 3 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 4 selected select VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 5 because because IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 6 health health NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 7 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 8 political political JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 9 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 10 flourished flourish VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 11 during during IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 12 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 13 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 14 infodemic infodemic NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 55 15 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 1 Recent recent JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 2 research research NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 3 found find VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 4 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 5 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 6 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 7 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 8 largest large JJS cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 9 driver driver NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 10 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 11 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 12 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 14 32 32 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 56 16 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 2 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 3 paper paper NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 6 firstly firstly RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 7 characterized characterize VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 8 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 9 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 10 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 11 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 12 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 13 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 14 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 15 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 16 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 17 around around IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 18 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 19 four four CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 20 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 21 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 22 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 23 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 24 networks network NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 57 25 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 2 then then RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 3 compared compare VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 4 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 5 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 6 activities activity NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 7 as as RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 8 well well RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 9 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 10 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 11 features feature NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 12 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 13 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 14 four four CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 15 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 16 considered consider VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 58 17 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 2 results result NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 3 may may MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 4 help help VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 5 us -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 6 understand understand VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 7 how how WRB cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 8 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 9 played play VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 10 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 11 role role NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 12 during during IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 13 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 14 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 15 infodemic infodemic NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 16 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 17 providing provide VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 18 insights insight NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 19 into into IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 20 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 21 mitigation mitigation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 22 strategy strategy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 59 23 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 60 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 60 2 used use VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 60 3 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 60 4 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 60 5 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 60 6 data data NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 60 7 source source NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 60 8 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 60 9 characterize characterize VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 60 10 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 60 11 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 60 12 infodemic infodemic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 60 13 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 2 collected collect VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 3 279,538,960 279,538,960 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 4 English english JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 5 tweets tweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 6 from from IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 7 Feb Feb NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 8 20 20 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 9 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 10 May May NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 11 31 31 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 12 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 13 querying query VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 14 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 15 related related JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 16 keywords keyword NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 17 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 18 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 19 corona corona NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 20 virus virus NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 21 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 22 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 23 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 24 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 25 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 26 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 27 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 28 covid19 covid19 NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 29 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 30 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 31 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 32 2019-nCoV 2019-nCoV NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 33 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 34 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 35 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 36 SARS SARS NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 37 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 38 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 39 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 40 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 41 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 42 wuhanpneumonia wuhanpneumonia NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 43 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 44 using use VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 45 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 46 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 47 Search Search NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 48 API API NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 61 49 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 1 As as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 2 aforementioned aforementioned JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 3 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 5 focused focus VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 6 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 7 four four CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 8 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 9 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 10 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 11 analyses analysis NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 12 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 13 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 14 WHO who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 15 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 16 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 17 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 18 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 19 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 20 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 21 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 22 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 23 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 24 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 25 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 26 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 27 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 28 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 29 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 30 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 62 31 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 1 According accord VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 2 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 3 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 4 list list NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 5 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 6 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 7 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 8 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 9 websites website NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 10 released release VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 11 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 12 MisinfoMe MisinfoMe NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 13 1 1 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 14 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 15 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 16 list list NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 17 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 18 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 19 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 20 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 21 news news NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 22 website website NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 23 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 24 released release VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 25 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 27 33 33 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 29 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 30 893 893 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 31 responsive responsive JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 32 websites website NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 33 from from IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 34 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 35 total total NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 36 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 37 1143 1143 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 38 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 39 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 40 collected collect VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 41 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 42 used use VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 43 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 44 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 45 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 46 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 47 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 48 domain domain NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 49 list list NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 63 50 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 2 also also RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 3 examined examine VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 4 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 5 list list NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 6 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 7 rated rate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 8 trustworthy trustworthy JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 9 media medium NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 10 released release VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 11 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 13 34 34 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 15 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 16 obtained obtain VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 17 30 30 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 19 all all DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 20 responsive responsive JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 22 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 23 media medium NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 24 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 25 whose whose WP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 26 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 27 News News NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 28 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 29 Guard guard NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 30 score score NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 31 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 32 equals equal VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 33 100 100 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 35 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 36 highest high JJS cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 37 score score NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 64 39 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 1 A a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 2 NewsGuard NewsGuard NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 3 score score NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 4 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 5 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 6 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 7 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 8 group group NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 9 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 10 journalists journalist NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 11 who who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 12 gave give VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 13 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 14 score score NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 15 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 16 news news NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 17 websites website NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 18 according accord VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 19 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 20 nine nine CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 21 standards standard NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 65 22 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 2 addition addition NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 3 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 5 added add VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 6 major major JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 7 science science NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 8 journals journal NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 9 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 10 nature.com nature.com NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 11 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 12 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 13 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 14 sciencemag.org sciencemag.org : cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 15 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 16 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 17 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 18 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 66 19 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 1 Thus thus RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 3 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 4 total total NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 5 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 7 obtained obtain VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 8 32 32 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 9 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 10 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 11 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 12 used use VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 13 these these DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 14 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 15 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 16 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 17 domain domain NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 18 list list NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 67 19 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 1 Based base VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 2 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 4 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 5 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 6 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 7 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 8 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 9 domain domain NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 10 lists list NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 11 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 12 each each DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 13 tweet tweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 14 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 15 labelled label VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 16 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 17 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 18 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 19 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 20 if if IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 21 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 22 tweet tweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 23 included include VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 24 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 25 URL url NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 26 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 27 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 28 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 29 domain domain NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 30 list list NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 31 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 32 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 33 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 34 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 35 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 36 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 37 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 38 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 39 if if IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 40 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 41 tweet tweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 42 included include VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 43 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 44 URL url NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 45 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 46 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 47 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 48 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 49 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 50 domain domain NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 51 list list NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 52 ; ; : cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 53 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 54 otherwise otherwise RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 55 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 56 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 57 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 58 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 68 59 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 1 Then then RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 3 given give VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 4 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 5 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 6 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 7 each each DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 8 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 9 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 10 labelled label VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 11 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 12 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 13 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 14 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 15 if if IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 16 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 17 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 18 retweeted retweete VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 19 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 20 tweets tweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 21 exclusively exclusively RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 22 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 23 while while IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 24 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 25 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 26 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 27 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 28 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 29 if if IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 30 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 31 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 32 retweeted retweete VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 33 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 34 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 35 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 36 tweets tweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 37 exclusively exclusively RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 69 38 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 2 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 3 words word NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 5 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 6 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 7 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 8 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 9 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 10 those those DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 11 who who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 12 posted post VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 13 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 14 URLs url NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 15 from from IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 16 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 17 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 18 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 19 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 20 domain domain NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 21 list list NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 22 at at IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 23 least least JJS cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 24 once once RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 25 but but CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 26 never never RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 27 posted post VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 28 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 29 URLs url NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 30 from from IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 31 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 32 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 33 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 34 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 35 domain domain NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 36 list list NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 70 37 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 71 1 Credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 71 2 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 71 3 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 71 4 similarly similarly RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 71 5 defined define VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 71 6 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 72 1 Note note VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 72 2 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 72 3 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 72 4 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 72 5 's 's POS cord-133143-ws708tsc 72 6 label label NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 72 7 can can MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 72 8 change change VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 72 9 from from IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 72 10 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 72 11 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 72 12 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 72 13 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 1 For for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 2 instance instance NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 3 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 4 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 5 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 6 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 7 labeled label VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 8 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 9 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 10 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 11 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 12 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 13 WHO WHO NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 14 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 15 if if IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 16 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 17 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 18 retweets retweet VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 19 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 20 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 21 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 22 exclusively exclusively RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 23 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 24 that that DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 25 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 26 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 27 even even RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 28 if if IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 29 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 30 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 31 retweets retweet VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 32 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 33 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 34 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 35 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 36 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 37 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 38 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 73 39 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 2 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 3 manner manner NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 6 classified classify VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 7 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 8 into into IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 9 five five CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 10 types type NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 11 - - : cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 12 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 13 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 14 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 15 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 16 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 17 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 18 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 19 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 20 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 21 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 22 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 23 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 24 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 25 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 26 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 27 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 28 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 74 29 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 1 After after IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 2 extracting extract VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 3 tweets tweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 4 regarding regard VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 5 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 6 four four CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 7 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 8 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 10 obtained obtain VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 11 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 12 total total NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 13 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 14 37,219,979 37,219,979 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 15 tweets tweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 16 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 17 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 18 which which WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 19 23,1515,441 23,1515,441 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 21 82.8 82.8 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 22 % % NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 24 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 25 retweets retweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 75 26 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 76 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 76 2 breakdown breakdown NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 76 3 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 76 4 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 76 5 dataset dataset NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 76 6 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 76 7 shown show VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 76 8 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 76 9 Table Table NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 76 10 1 1 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 76 11 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 77 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 77 2 used use VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 77 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 77 4 Botometer Botometer NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 77 5 API API NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 77 6 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 77 7 compute compute VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 77 8 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 77 9 bot bot NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 77 10 scores score NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 77 11 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 1 According accord VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 2 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 4 8 8 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 5 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 6 35 35 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 8 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 10 set set VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 11 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 12 threshold threshold NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 13 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 14 0.43 0.43 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 15 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 16 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 17 human human NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 18 / / SYM cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 19 bot bot NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 20 classification classification NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 78 21 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 1 This this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 2 means mean VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 3 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 4 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 5 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 6 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 7 considered consider VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 8 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 9 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 10 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 11 bot bot NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 12 if if IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 13 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 14 bot bot NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 15 score score NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 16 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 17 larger large JJR cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 18 than than IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 19 0.43 0.43 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 20 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 21 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 22 if if IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 23 otherwise otherwise RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 24 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 25 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 26 human human JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 27 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 28 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 79 29 _SP cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 1 To to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 2 examine examine VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 4 patterns pattern NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 5 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 6 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 7 flows flow VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 8 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 10 constructed construct VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 11 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 12 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 13 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 14 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 15 each each DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 16 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 17 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 18 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 19 which which WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 20 nodes node NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 21 represent represent VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 22 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 23 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 24 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 25 directed direct VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 26 edge edge NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 27 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 28 made make VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 29 from from IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 30 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 31 source source NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 32 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 33 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 34 target target NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 35 if if IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 36 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 37 target target NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 38 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 39 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 40 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 41 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 42 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 43 source source NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 44 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 80 45 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 2 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 3 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 4 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 5 visualized visualize VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 6 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 7 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 8 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 9 analysis analysis NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 10 tool tool NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 11 Gephi Gephi NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 13 36 36 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 15 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 16 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 17 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 18 graph graph NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 19 layout layout NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 20 algorithm algorithm NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 21 ForceAtlas2 forceatlas2 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 23 37 37 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 81 25 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 2 used use VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 3 different different JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 4 colors color NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 5 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 6 represent represent VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 7 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 8 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 9 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 10 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 11 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 12 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 13 ; ; : cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 14 red red JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 15 nodes node NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 16 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 17 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 18 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 19 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 20 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 21 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 22 green green JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 23 nodes node NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 24 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 25 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 26 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 27 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 28 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 29 purple purple JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 30 nodes node NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 31 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 32 others other NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 33 that that WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 34 can can MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 35 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 36 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 37 or or CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 38 unlabeled unlabeled JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 39 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 82 40 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 83 1 Edge edge NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 83 2 colors color NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 83 3 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 83 4 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 83 5 same same JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 83 6 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 83 7 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 83 8 target target NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 83 9 node node NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 83 10 colors color NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 83 11 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 2 highlighted highlight VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 3 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 4 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 5 large large JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 6 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 7 indegree indegree NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 8 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 9 including include VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 10 important important JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 11 politicians politician NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 12 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 13 wellknown wellknown JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 14 mainstream mainstream NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 15 medium medium NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 16 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 17 right right JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 18 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 19 wing wing NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 20 medium medium NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 21 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 22 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 23 so so RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 24 on on RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 84 25 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 1 Some some DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 2 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 3 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 5 dataset dataset NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 6 could could MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 7 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 8 considered consider VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 9 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 10 malicious malicious JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 11 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 12 suspended suspend VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 13 based base VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 14 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 15 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 16 's 's POS cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 17 spam spam NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 18 policy policy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 19 during during IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 20 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 21 time time NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 22 gap gap NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 23 between between IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 24 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 25 date date NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 26 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 27 collected collect VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 28 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 29 tweets tweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 30 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 31 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 32 date date NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 33 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 34 computed compute VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 35 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 36 corresponding correspond VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 37 bot bot NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 38 scores score NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 39 using use VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 40 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 41 Botometer Botometer NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 42 API API NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 85 43 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 86 1 Such such JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 86 2 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 86 3 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 86 4 therefore therefore RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 86 5 not not RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 86 6 included include VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 86 7 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 86 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 86 9 analyses analysis NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 86 10 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 4 compared compare VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 5 temporal temporal JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 6 patterns pattern NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 7 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 8 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 9 activities activity NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 10 among among IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 11 four four CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 12 types type NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 13 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 14 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 15 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 16 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 17 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 18 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 19 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 20 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 21 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 22 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 23 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 24 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 25 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 26 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 87 27 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 2 also also RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 3 looked look VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 4 at at IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 5 differences difference NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 6 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 7 contents content NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 8 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 9 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 10 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 11 URLs url NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 12 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 13 each each DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 14 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 88 15 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 1 Retweets retweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 2 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 4 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 5 dataset dataset NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 6 did do VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 7 not not RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 8 contain contain VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 9 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 10 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 11 amount amount NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 12 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 13 texts text NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 14 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 15 instead instead RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 16 having have VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 17 hyperlinks hyperlink NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 18 or or CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 19 URLs url NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 20 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 21 online online JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 22 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 89 23 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 1 Thus thus RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 4 focused focus VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 5 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 6 tweets tweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 7 including include VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 8 URLs url NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 9 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 10 online online JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 11 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 12 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 13 collected collect VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 14 these these DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 15 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 16 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 17 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 18 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 19 / / SYM cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 20 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 21 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 22 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 23 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 24 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 25 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 26 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 27 separately separately RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 90 28 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 2 characterized characterize VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 4 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 5 based base VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 6 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 7 terms term NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 9 nouns noun NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 11 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 13 importance importance NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 14 measured measure VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 15 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 16 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 17 TF TF NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 18 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 19 IDF IDF NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 20 score score NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 91 21 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 1 For for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 2 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 3 analysis analysis NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 6 limited limit VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 8 research research NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 9 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 10 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 11 top top JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 12 30 30 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 13 most most RBS cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 14 popular popular JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 15 terms term NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 16 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 17 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 18 collected collect VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 19 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 92 20 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 1 TF TF NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 2 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 3 IDF IDF NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 4 stands stand VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 5 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 6 Term Term NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 7 Frequency Frequency NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 8 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 9 Inverse Inverse NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 10 Document Document NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 11 Frequency Frequency NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 12 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 13 commonly commonly RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 14 used use VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 15 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 16 Natural Natural NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 17 Language Language NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 18 Processing Processing NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 20 NLP NLP NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 93 22 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 94 1 TF TF NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 94 2 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 94 3 IDF IDF NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 94 4 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 94 5 calculated calculate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 94 6 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 94 7 follows follow VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 94 8 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 95 1 T T NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 95 2 F F NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 95 3 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 95 4 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 95 5 number number NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 95 6 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 95 7 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 95 8 given give VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 95 9 term term NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 95 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 95 11 noun noun NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 95 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 95 13 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 2 used use VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 4 following following JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 5 formula formula NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 6 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 7 IDF IDF NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 8 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 9 where where WRB cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 10 N N NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 11 represents represent VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 12 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 13 total total JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 14 number number NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 15 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 16 documents document NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 17 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 18 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 19 d d NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 20 represents represent VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 21 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 22 number number NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 23 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 24 documents document NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 25 that that WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 26 include include VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 27 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 28 term term NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 96 29 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 1 To to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 2 compare compare VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 3 important important JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 4 terms term NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 5 used use VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 6 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 7 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 8 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 9 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 10 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 11 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 12 noncredible noncredible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 13 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 14 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 15 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 16 summarized summarize VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 17 TF TF NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 18 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 19 IDF IDF NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 20 values value NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 21 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 22 using use VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 23 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 24 Laterality Laterality NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 25 Index Index NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 27 LI LI NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 30 38 38 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 32 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 33 defined define VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 34 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 35 follows follow VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 36 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 37 where where WRB cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 38 C C NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 39 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 40 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 41 TF TF NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 42 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 43 IDF IDF NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 44 score score NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 45 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 46 terms term NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 47 used use VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 48 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 49 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 50 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 51 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 52 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 53 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 54 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 55 N n CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 97 56 C c NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 98 1 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 98 2 one one CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 98 3 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 98 4 terms term NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 98 5 used use VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 98 6 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 98 7 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 98 8 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 98 9 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 98 10 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 98 11 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 98 12 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 98 13 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 98 14 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 1 LI LI NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 2 compares compare VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 4 importance importance NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 5 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 6 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 7 term term NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 8 between between IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 9 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 10 sites site NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 11 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 12 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 13 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 14 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 15 sites site NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 99 16 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 1 A a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 2 negative negative JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 3 LI LI NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 4 indicates indicate VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 5 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 6 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 7 term term NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 8 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 9 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 10 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 11 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 12 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 13 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 14 sites site NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 15 ; ; : cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 16 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 17 positive positive JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 18 LI LI NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 19 indicates indicate VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 20 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 21 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 22 term term NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 23 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 24 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 25 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 26 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 27 sites site NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 28 ; ; : cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 29 LI LI NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 30 = = SYM cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 31 0 0 NFP cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 32 indicates indicate VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 33 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 34 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 35 term term NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 36 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 37 equally equally RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 38 important important JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 39 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 40 both both DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 41 sites site NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 100 42 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 1 Using use VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 2 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 3 preprocessed preprocesse VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 4 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 5 tweets tweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 6 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 8 looked look VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 9 at at IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 10 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 11 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 12 interactions interaction NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 13 between between IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 14 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 15 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 16 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 17 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 18 each each DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 19 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 101 20 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 102 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 102 2 resulting result VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 102 3 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 102 4 networks network NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 102 5 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 102 6 shown show VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 102 7 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 102 8 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 102 9 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 103 1 1 1 LS cord-133143-ws708tsc 103 2 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 2 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 3 notable notable JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 4 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 5 bipartite bipartite JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 6 structures structure NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 7 emerged emerge VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 8 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 9 all all PDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 10 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 11 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 12 considered consider VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 13 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 14 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 15 dense dense JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 16 connections connection NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 17 inside inside IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 18 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 19 sparse sparse JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 20 connections connection NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 21 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 22 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 23 between between NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 104 24 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 2 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 3 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 4 WHO who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 5 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 6 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 8 n n NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 9 = = SYM cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 10 88 88 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 11 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 12 719 719 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 14 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 15 64 64 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 16 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 17 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 18 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 19 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 20 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 21 790 790 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 22 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 23 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 24 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 25 identified identify VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 105 26 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 2 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 3 group group NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 4 contained contain VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 5 official official JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 6 media medium NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 7 accounts account NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 8 such such JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 9 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 10 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 11 @washingtonpost @washingtonpost NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 12 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 13 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 14 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 15 @ABC @abc JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 16 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 17 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 18 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 19 @BBCWorld @bbcworld NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 20 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 21 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 22 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 23 @Reugters @reugter NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 24 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 25 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 26 which which WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 27 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 28 separated separate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 29 from from IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 30 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 31 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 32 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 33 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 34 group group NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 35 containing contain VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 36 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 37 @DailyCaller @DailyCaller NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 38 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 39 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 40 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 41 @gatewaypundit @gatewaypundit FW cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 42 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 43 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 44 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 45 @KimStrassel @kimstrassel FW cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 46 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 48 Fig fig NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 49 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 50 1a 1a CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 106 52 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 2 found find VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 3 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 4 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 5 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 6 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 7 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 8 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 9 appearing appear VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 10 around around IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 11 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 12 US US NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 13 conservative conservative JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 14 columnist columnist NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 15 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 16 KimStrassel KimStrassel NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 17 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 19 Kimberley Kimberley NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 20 Strassel Strassel NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 22 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 23 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 24 verified verify VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 25 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 26 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 27 more more JJR cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 28 than than IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 29 448 448 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 30 thousand thousand CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 31 followers follower NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 32 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 33 as as RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 34 well well RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 35 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 36 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 37 @DailyCaller @DailyCaller : cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 38 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 40 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 41 American american JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 42 right right JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 43 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 44 wing wing NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 45 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 46 website website NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 48 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 49 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 50 @gatewaypundit @gatewaypundit FW cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 51 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 53 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 54 American american JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 55 far far RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 56 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 57 right right NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 58 website website NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 59 publishing publish VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 60 misleading mislead VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 61 news news NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 107 63 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 1 This this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 2 result result NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 3 implies imply VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 4 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 5 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 6 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 7 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 8 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 9 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 10 might may MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 11 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 12 trying try VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 13 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 14 interact interact VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 15 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 16 politically politically RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 17 right right RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 18 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 19 leaning lean VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 20 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 21 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 22 increase increase VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 23 these these DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 24 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 25 ' ' POS cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 26 exposures exposure NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 27 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 28 negative negative JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 29 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 108 30 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 1 Although although IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 2 WHO who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 3 itself -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 4 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 5 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 6 neutral neutral JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 7 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 8 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 9 partisan partisan JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 10 asymmetry asymmetry NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 11 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 12 visible visible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 13 during during IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 14 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 15 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 16 infodemic infodemic NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 109 17 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 1 Previous previous JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 2 research research NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 3 has have VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 4 found find VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 5 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 6 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 7 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 8 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 9 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 10 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 11 2010 2010 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 12 US US NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 13 midterm midterm NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 14 election election NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 15 showed show VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 16 typical typical JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 17 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 18 left left JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 19 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 20 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 21 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 22 right right JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 23 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 24 segregated segregated JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 25 groups group NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 27 39 39 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 110 29 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 2 thus thus RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 3 examined examine VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 4 whether whether IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 5 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 6 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 7 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 8 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 9 reteweet reteweet NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 10 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 11 shares share NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 12 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 13 similar similar JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 14 features feature NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 111 15 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 112 1 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 112 2 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 1 1b 1b NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 2 shows show VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 4 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 5 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 7 n n NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 8 = = SYM cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 9 1 1 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 10 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 11 125 125 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 12 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 13 366 366 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 15 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 16 694 694 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 17 noncredible noncredible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 18 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 19 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 20 5,400 5,400 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 21 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 22 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 113 23 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 114 1 Here here RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 114 2 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 114 3 @HillaryClinton @hillaryclinton ADD cord-133143-ws708tsc 114 4 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 2 Hillary Hillary NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 3 Clinton Clinton NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 5 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 6 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 7 @JoeBiden @JoeBiden VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 8 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 10 Joe Joe NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 11 Biden Biden NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 13 representing represent VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 14 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 15 progressive progressive JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 16 clustered cluster VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 17 together together RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 18 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 19 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 20 distant distant JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 21 from from IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 22 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 23 conservative conservative JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 24 cluster cluster NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 25 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 26 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 27 @realDonaldTrump @realdonaldtrump JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 28 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 30 Donald Donald NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 31 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 115 33 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 2 political political JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 3 echo echo NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 4 chamber chamber NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 5 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 6 reobserved reobserve VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 7 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 8 2020 2020 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 9 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 10 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 11 context context NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 12 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 13 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 14 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 15 infodemic infodemic NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 116 16 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 1 A a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 2 notable notable JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 3 finding finding NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 4 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 5 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 6 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 7 @realDonaldTrump @realdonaldtrump JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 8 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 9 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 10 mostly mostly RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 11 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 12 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 13 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 14 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 15 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 16 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 18 shown show VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 19 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 20 red red JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 22 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 23 whereas whereas IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 24 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 25 Hillary Hillary NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 26 Clinton Clinton NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 27 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 28 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 29 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 30 Biden Biden NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 31 Joe Joe NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 32 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 33 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 34 less less RBR cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 35 so so RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 117 36 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 1 As as RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 2 far far RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 3 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 4 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 5 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 6 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 7 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 8 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 9 concerned concern VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 10 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 11 two two CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 12 separated separate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 13 groups group NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 14 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 15 observed observe VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 16 again again RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 17 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 18 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 19 retweet retweet NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 20 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 21 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 22 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 23 26 26 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 24 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 25 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 26 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 27 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 28 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 29 171 171 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 30 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 31 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 33 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 34 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 35 _SP cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 36 1c 1c CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 118 38 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 1 One one CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 2 side side NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 3 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 4 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 5 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 6 includes include VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 7 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 8 @davidicke @davidicke JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 9 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 11 David David NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 12 Icke Icke NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 14 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 15 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 16 @davidkurten @davidkurten FW cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 17 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 19 David David NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 20 Kurten Kurten NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 119 22 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 2 former former JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 3 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 4 reported report VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 5 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 6 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 7 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 8 theorist theorist NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 9 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 10 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 11 latter latter JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 12 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 13 currently currently RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 14 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 15 member member NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 16 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 17 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 18 UK UK NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 19 Independence Independence NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 20 Party Party NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 22 right right JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 23 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 24 wing wing NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 25 populist populist JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 26 party party NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 28 since since IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 29 2016 2016 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 31 40 40 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 32 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 33 41 41 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 34 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 35 42 42 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 120 37 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 121 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 121 2 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 121 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 121 4 two two CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 121 5 most most RBS cord-133143-ws708tsc 121 6 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 121 7 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 121 8 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 121 9 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 121 10 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 121 11 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 121 12 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 121 13 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 121 14 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 1 By by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 2 contrast contrast NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 3 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 4 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 5 main main JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 6 stream stream NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 7 British british JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 8 medium medium NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 9 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 10 @WHO @who NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 11 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 12 located locate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 13 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 14 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 15 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 16 side side NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 17 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 18 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 19 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 20 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 21 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 122 22 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 123 1 1c 1c NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 123 2 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 1 More More JJR cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 2 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 3 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 4 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 5 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 6 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 7 involved involve VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 8 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 9 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 10 side side NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 11 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 12 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 13 @davidicke @davidicke JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 14 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 15 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 16 while while IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 17 there there EX cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 18 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 19 more more RBR cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 20 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 21 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 22 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 23 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 24 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 25 side side NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 124 26 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 1 Although although IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 2 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 3 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 4 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 5 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 6 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 7 considered consider VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 8 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 9 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 10 popular popular JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 11 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 12 theory theory NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 13 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 14 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 15 early early JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 16 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 18 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 19 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 20 larger large JJR cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 21 number number NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 22 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 23 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 24 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 25 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 26 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 27 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 28 not not RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 29 observed observe VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 30 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 31 comparison comparison NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 32 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 33 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 34 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 125 35 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 126 1 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 127 1 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 127 2 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 127 3 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 127 4 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 127 5 another another DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 127 6 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 127 7 theory theory NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 127 8 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 127 9 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 127 10 mentioned mention VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 127 11 earlier early RBR cord-133143-ws708tsc 127 12 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 2 resulting result VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 3 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 4 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 5 consists consist VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 6 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 7 166 166 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 8 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 9 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 10 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 11 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 12 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 13 467 467 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 14 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 15 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 17 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 18 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 19 1d 1d CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 128 21 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 2 similar similar JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 3 segregated segregated JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 4 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 5 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 6 observed observe VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 7 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 8 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 9 noncredible noncredible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 10 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 11 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 12 mainly mainly RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 13 gathering gather VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 14 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 15 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 16 side side NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 17 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 18 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 19 @davidicke @davidicke JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 20 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 129 21 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 130 1 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 130 2 @EyesOnQ @EyesOnQ NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 130 3 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 130 4 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 130 5 encompassed encompass VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 130 6 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 130 7 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 130 8 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 130 9 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 130 10 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 130 11 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 1 According accord VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 2 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 4 data datum NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 5 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 6 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 7 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 8 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 9 top top NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 10 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 11 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 12 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 13 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 14 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 15 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 16 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 17 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 18 both both DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 19 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 20 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 21 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 22 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 23 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 24 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 25 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 26 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 27 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 28 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 29 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 131 30 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 132 1 This this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 132 2 account account NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 132 3 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 132 4 suspended suspend VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 132 5 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 132 6 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 132 7 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 132 8 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 132 9 no no DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 132 10 longer long RBR cord-133143-ws708tsc 132 11 accessible accessible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 132 12 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 1 Then then RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 4 quantified quantify VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 5 indegrees indegree NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 7 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 8 numbers number NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 9 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 10 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 11 posts post NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 12 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 13 different different JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 14 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 15 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 16 used use VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 17 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 18 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 19 measure measure NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 20 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 21 engagement engagement NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 23 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 24 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 25 function function NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 26 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 27 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 28 bot bot NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 29 score score NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 133 30 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 134 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 134 2 resulting result VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 134 3 scatter scatter NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 134 4 plots plot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 134 5 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 134 6 shown show VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 134 7 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 134 8 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 134 9 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 1 2 2 LS cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 3 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 4 which which WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 5 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 6 majority majority NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 7 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 8 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 9 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 10 obviously obviously RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 11 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 12 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 13 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 14 most most JJS cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 15 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 16 them -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 17 fall fall VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 18 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 19 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 20 bot bot NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 21 score score NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 22 range range NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 24 0 0 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 25 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 26 0.2 0.2 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 135 28 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 2 turns turn VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 3 out out RP cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 4 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 5 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 6 indegrees indegree NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 7 tend tend VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 8 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 9 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 10 inversely inversely RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 11 proportional proportional JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 12 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 13 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 14 bot bot NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 15 score score NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 16 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 17 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 18 average average JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 19 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 20 indegrees indegree NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 21 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 22 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 23 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 24 larger large JJR cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 25 than than IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 26 those those DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 27 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 28 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 29 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 30 all all PDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 31 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 32 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 136 33 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 137 1 Compared compare VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 137 2 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 137 3 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 137 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 137 5 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 137 6 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 137 7 thus thus RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 137 8 less less RBR cord-133143-ws708tsc 137 9 engaging engaging JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 137 10 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 137 11 retweets retweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 137 12 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 137 13 general general JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 137 14 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 1 However however RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 3 average average JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 4 indegrees indegree NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 5 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 6 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 7 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 8 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 9 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 10 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 11 higher high JJR cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 12 than than IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 13 those those DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 14 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 15 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 16 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 18 t t NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 19 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 20 test test NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 21 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 22 p p NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 23 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 24 value value NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 25 = = SYM cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 26 0.032 0.032 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 138 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 1 These these DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 2 results result NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 4 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 5 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 6 basic basic JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 7 influence influence NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 8 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 9 retweets retweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 10 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 11 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 12 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 13 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 14 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 15 could could MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 16 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 17 larger large JJR cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 18 than than IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 19 that that DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 20 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 21 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 22 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 23 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 24 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 25 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 26 but but CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 27 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 28 effects effect NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 29 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 30 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 31 latter latter JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 32 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 33 still still RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 34 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 35 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 36 negligible negligible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 139 37 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 140 1 There there EX cord-133143-ws708tsc 140 2 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 140 3 several several JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 140 4 exceptional exceptional JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 140 5 cases case NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 140 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 140 7 outliers outlier NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 140 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 140 9 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 140 10 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 140 11 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 141 1 2 2 LS cord-133143-ws708tsc 141 2 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 142 1 For for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 142 2 example example NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 142 3 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 142 4 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 142 5 @JoyaMia00 @JoyaMia00 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 142 6 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 142 7 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 142 8 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 142 9 MAGA MAGA NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 143 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 143 2 Make make VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 143 3 America America NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 143 4 Great great JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 1 Again again RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 3 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 4 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 5 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 6 @AIIAmer @aiiamer NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 7 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 8 icanGirI icanGirI NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 9 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 10 posts post VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 11 news news NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 12 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 13 conservatives conservative NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 14 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 15 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 16 WHO WHO NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 17 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 19 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 20 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 21 2(a 2(a CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 144 24 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 3 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 4 @Prosperous1776 @prosperous1776 FW cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 5 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 6 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 7 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 8 @steve @steve NFP cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 9 Beno3210 Beno3210 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 10 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 11 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 12 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 13 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 14 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 15 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 16 @shinethelight17 @shinethelight17 JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 17 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 18 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 19 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 20 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 21 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 22 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 23 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 24 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 25 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 26 @zsixkillerk @zsixkillerk FW cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 27 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 28 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 29 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 30 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 31 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 32 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 33 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 34 all all DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 35 MAGA MAGA NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 36 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 37 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 38 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 39 supporters supporter NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 145 40 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 146 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 146 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 146 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 146 4 looked look VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 146 5 at at IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 146 6 several several JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 146 7 outliers outlier NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 146 8 from from IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 146 9 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 146 10 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 146 11 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 146 12 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 146 13 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 146 14 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 147 1 @badluck @badluck NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 147 2 jones jones NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 147 3 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 147 4 favors favor VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 147 5 pets pet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 147 6 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 147 7 political political JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 147 8 posts post NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 148 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 148 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 148 3 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 148 4 2(a 2(a CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 148 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 148 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 1 ; ; : cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 2 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 4 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 5 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 6 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 7 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 8 @bgood12345 @bgood12345 DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 9 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 10 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 11 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 12 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 13 REAL real JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 14 ESTATE estate NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 15 BROKER broker NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 16 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 17 ; ; : cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 18 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 19 @Navy @Navy NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 20 Lady Lady NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 21 45 45 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 22 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 23 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 24 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 25 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 26 100 100 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 27 % % NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 28 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 29 Supporter Supporter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 30 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 31 ; ; : cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 32 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 33 @CristyFairy67 @cristyfairy67 UH cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 34 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 35 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 36 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 37 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 38 supporter supporter NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 39 favoring favor VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 40 posts post NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 41 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 42 supporting support VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 43 Republicans Republicans NNPS cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 44 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 45 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 46 @Gees @gee NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 47 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 48 DevilsTail DevilsTail NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 49 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 50 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 51 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 52 advertiser advertiser NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 53 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 54 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 55 Gab Gab NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 56 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 57 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 58 just just RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 59 over over RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 60 1k 1k CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 61 followers follower NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 63 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 64 . . NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 65 2 2 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 66 _SP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 67 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 68 b b NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 69 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 71 ; ; : cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 72 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 73 only only RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 74 picked pick VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 75 up up RP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 76 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 77 @Dianelong22 @dianelong22 IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 78 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 79 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 80 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 81 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 82 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 83 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 84 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 85 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 86 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 87 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 88 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 89 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 90 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 91 supporter supporter NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 92 as as RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 93 well well RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 94 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 95 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 96 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 97 2(c 2(c CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 98 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 99 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 149 100 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 1 Finally finally RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 4 considered consider VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 5 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 6 @taxfreeok @taxfreeok FW cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 7 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 8 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 9 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 10 @Duckyv72 @duckyv72 UH cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 11 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 12 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 13 outliers outlier NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 14 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 15 both both DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 16 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 17 them -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 18 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 19 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 20 supporters supporter NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 21 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 22 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 23 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 24 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 25 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 27 Fig fig NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 28 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 29 2(d 2(d CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 32 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 150 33 _SP cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 2 assumed assume VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 3 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 4 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 5 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 6 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 7 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 8 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 9 following follow VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 10 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 11 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 12 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 13 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 14 rather rather RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 15 than than IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 16 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 17 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 18 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 19 because because IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 20 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 21 intention intention NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 22 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 23 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 24 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 25 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 26 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 27 would would MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 28 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 29 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 30 amplifying amplify VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 31 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 32 spread spread NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 33 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 34 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 35 including include VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 36 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 37 theories theory NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 151 38 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 152 1 Thus thus RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 152 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 152 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 152 4 quantified quantify VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 152 5 temporal temporal JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 152 6 patterns pattern NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 152 7 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 152 8 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 152 9 behaviors behavior NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 152 10 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 152 11 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 152 12 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 152 13 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 152 14 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 1 For for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 2 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 3 comparison comparison NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 4 among among IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 5 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 6 / / SYM cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 7 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 8 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 9 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 10 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 11 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 12 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 13 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 15 scaled scale VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 153 16 daily daily RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 154 1 retweet retweet NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 154 2 counts count VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 154 3 between between IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 154 4 0 0 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 154 5 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 154 6 1 1 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 154 7 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 154 8 respectively respectively RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 154 9 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 155 1 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 155 2 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 1 3 3 LS cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 2 shows show VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 3 daily daily JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 4 retweet retweet NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 5 series series NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 6 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 7 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 8 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 9 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 10 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 11 each each DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 12 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 13 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 14 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 15 which which WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 16 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 17 patterns pattern NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 18 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 19 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 20 increases increase NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 21 follow follow VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 22 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 23 similar similar JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 24 trends trend NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 156 25 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 1 To to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 2 confirm confirm VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 3 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 4 observation observation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 5 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 7 measured measure VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 8 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 9 correlation correlation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 10 coefficient coefficient NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 11 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 12 temporal temporal JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 13 oscillations oscillation NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 14 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 15 retweets retweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 16 generated generate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 17 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 18 these these DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 19 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 157 20 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 158 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 158 2 results result NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 158 3 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 158 4 summarized summarize VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 158 5 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 158 6 Table Table NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 158 7 2 2 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 158 8 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 1 This this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 2 reveals reveal VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 3 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 4 all all PDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 5 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 6 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 7 retweet retweet NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 8 series series NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 9 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 10 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 11 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 12 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 13 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 14 correlated correlate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 15 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 16 those those DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 17 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 18 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 19 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 20 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 21 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 22 much much RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 23 better well JJR cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 24 than than IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 25 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 26 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 27 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 159 28 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 160 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 160 2 above above JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 160 3 assumption assumption NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 160 4 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 160 5 therefore therefore RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 160 6 partially partially RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 160 7 supported support VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 160 8 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 2 further further RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 3 consider consider VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 4 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 5 assumption assumption NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 6 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 7 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 8 next next JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 9 section section NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 10 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 11 looking look VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 12 at at IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 13 commonality commonality NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 14 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 15 retweets retweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 16 generated generate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 17 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 18 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 19 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 20 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 161 21 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 162 1 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 162 2 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 1 3 3 LS cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 2 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 3 Retweet Retweet NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 4 series series NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 5 generated generate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 6 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 7 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 8 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 9 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 10 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 11 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 12 WHO","Trump who","trump NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 13 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 14 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 15 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 16 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 17 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 18 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 19 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 20 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 21 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 22 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 23 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 24 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 163 25 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 164 1 Daily Daily NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 164 2 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 164 3 counts count NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 164 4 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 164 5 scaled scale VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 164 6 between between IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 164 7 0 0 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 164 8 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 164 9 1 1 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 164 10 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 164 11 respectively respectively RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 164 12 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 1 Here here RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 2 1 1 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 3 represents represent VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 4 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 5 maximum maximum JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 6 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 7 count count NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 8 while while IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 9 0 0 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 10 represents represent VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 11 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 12 minimum minimum NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 13 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 14 count count NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 15 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 16 each each DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 17 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 18 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 165 19 _SP cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 1 Finally finally RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 4 examined examine VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 5 terms term NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 7 nouns noun NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 9 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 10 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 12 URLs url NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 14 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 15 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 16 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 17 that that WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 18 commonly commonly RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 19 appeared appear VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 20 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 21 retweets retweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 22 generated generate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 23 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 24 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 25 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 26 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 166 27 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 167 1 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 167 2 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 1 4 4 LS cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 2 shows show VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 3 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 4 example example NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 5 comparing compare VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 6 term term NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 7 importance importance NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 9 measured measure VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 10 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 11 TF TF NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 12 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 13 IDF IDF NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 15 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 16 5G 5g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 17 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 18 related relate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 19 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 20 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 21 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 22 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 23 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 24 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 168 25 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 2 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 3 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 4 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 5 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 6 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 7 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 8 china china NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 9 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 10 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 11 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 12 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 13 term term NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 14 used use VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 15 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 16 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 17 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 18 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 19 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 20 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 21 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 22 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 23 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 24 as as RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 25 well well RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 26 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 27 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 28 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 29 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 30 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 169 31 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 2 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 3 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 4 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 5 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 6 ' ' '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 7 china china NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 8 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 9 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 10 also also RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 11 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 12 high high JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 13 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 14 importance importance NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 15 term term NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 16 @BBCWorld @bbcworld NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 17 @BBCWorld @bbcworld NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 18 @WorldTruthTV @worldtruthtv XX cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 19 @WorldTruthTV @worldtruthtv XX cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 20 2 2 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 21 @guardian @guardian NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 22 @BBCNews @bbcnews XX cord-133143-ws708tsc 170 23 @TheOnion @theonion NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 1 @shinethelight17 @shinethelight17 JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 2 3 3 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 3 @BBCNews @BBCNews NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 4 @guidaautonoma @guidaautonoma FW cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 5 @BANNEDdotVIDEO @BANNEDdotVIDEO NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 6 @DailyPostNGR @DailyPostNGR NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 7 4 4 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 8 @rooshv @rooshv NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 9 @Reuters @reuter NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 10 @davidicke @davidicke IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 11 @EyesOnQ @EyesOnQ NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 12 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 13 @verge @verge NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 14 @verge @verge FW cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 15 @shinethelight17 @shinethelight17 JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 16 @TheOnion @TheOnion NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 17 6 6 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 18 @thehill @thehill NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 19 @guardiannews @guardiannews FW cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 20 @SputnikInt @SputnikInt NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 21 @davidicke @davidicke `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 22 7 7 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 23 @Reuters @reuters CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 24 @thehill @thehill IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 25 @newsthump @newsthump NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 26 @Laurel700 @Laurel700 : cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 27 8 8 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 28 @guardiannews @guardiannews NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 29 @rooshv @rooshv NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 30 @TLAVagabond @TLAVagabond NFP cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 31 @ctmaga20201 @ctmaga20201 . cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 32 9 9 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 33 @Omojuwa @Omojuwa NFP cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 34 @guardian @guardian JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 35 @DailyPostNGR @DailyPostNGR NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 36 @freezerohedge @freezerohedge NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 37 10 10 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 38 @davidicke @davidicke FW cord-133143-ws708tsc 171 39 @Exchange5 @Exchange5 . cord-133143-ws708tsc 172 1 g g NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 172 2 @buttscornershop @buttscornershop NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 172 3 @erlhel @erlhel NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 172 4 11 11 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 172 5 @BBCTech @bbctech IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 172 6 @nuskitconsultan @nuskitconsultan NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 172 7 @freezerohedge @freezerohedge NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 172 8 @JeanineDeal @JeanineDeal NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 172 9 12 12 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 172 10 @davidkurten @davidkurten NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 172 11 @davidicke @davidicke . cord-133143-ws708tsc 173 1 @davidkurten @davidkurten NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 173 2 @MagickAscension @MagickAscension NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 173 3 13 13 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 173 4 @Exchange5 @Exchange5 . cord-133143-ws708tsc 174 1 g g NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 174 2 @BBCTech @bbctech CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 174 3 @DailyCaller @DailyCaller NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 174 4 @SpecialBureau @SpecialBureau . cord-133143-ws708tsc 175 1 14 14 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 175 2 @MsMelChen @msmelchen NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 175 3 @PCMag @pcmag NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 1 @Ian56789 @ian56789 CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 2 @Mindfullee @Mindfullee NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 3 15 15 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 4 @SkyNews @skynew NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 5 @RichLowry @richlowry XX cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 6 @ChristophGottel @ChristophGottel : cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 7 @owhy3 @owhy3 IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 8 used use VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 9 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 10 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 11 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 12 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 13 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 14 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 15 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 16 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 17 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 19 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 20 Information Information NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 21 1 1 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 23 ; ; : cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 24 many many JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 25 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 26 these these DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 27 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 28 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 29 related relate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 30 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 31 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 32 news news NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 33 saying say VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 34 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 35 President President NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 36 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 37 called call VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 38 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 39 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 40 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 41 Chinese chinese JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 42 Virus virus NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 43 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 176 44 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 3 ' ' `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 4 china china NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 5 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 6 was be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 7 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 8 key key JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 9 term term NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 10 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 11 two two CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 12 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 13 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 15 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 16 Information Information NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 17 1 1 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 177 19 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 1 Overall overall RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 4 noncredible noncredible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 5 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 6 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 7 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 8 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 9 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 10 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 11 share share VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 12 71 71 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 13 % % NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 14 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 15 50 50 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 16 % % NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 17 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 18 80 80 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 19 % % NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 20 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 21 50 50 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 22 % % NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 23 terms term NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 25 nouns noun NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 27 used use VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 28 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 29 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 30 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 31 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 32 related relate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 33 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 34 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 35 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 36 WHO","Trump","5 WHO","Trump","5 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 37 G G NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 38 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 39 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 40 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 41 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 42 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 43 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 44 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 45 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 46 respectively respectively RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 178 47 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 179 1 Another another DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 179 2 observation observation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 179 3 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 179 4 Fig Fig NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 179 5 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 1 4 4 LS cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 2 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 3 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 4 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 5 electroporation electroporation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 6 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 7 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 8 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 9 new new JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 10 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 11 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 12 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 13 world world NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 14 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 15 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 16 identified identify VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 17 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 18 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 19 case case NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 20 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 21 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 22 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 23 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 24 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 25 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 26 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 27 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 28 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 29 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 180 30 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 1 This this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 3 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 4 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 5 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 6 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 7 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 8 might may MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 9 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 10 diffusing diffuse VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 11 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 12 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 13 theory theory NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 14 saying say VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 15 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 16 key key JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 17 people people NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 18 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 19 involved involve VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 20 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 21 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 22 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 23 New New NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 24 World World NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 25 Order order NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 26 One one CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 27 World World NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 28 Government Government NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 29 under under IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 30 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 31 banner banner NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 32 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 33 Agenda Agenda NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 34 2030 2030 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 35 Global Global NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 36 Governance Governance NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 37 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 38 plan plan NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 39 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 40 alter alter VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 41 people people NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 42 's 's POS cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 43 DNA dna NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 44 using use VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 45 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 46 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 47 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 48 because because IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 49 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 50 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 51 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 52 can can MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 53 do do VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 54 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 55 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 56 large large JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 57 scale scale NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 58 what what WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 59 electroporation electroporation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 60 does do VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 61 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 62 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 63 small small JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 64 scale scale NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 65 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 66 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 67 43 43 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 68 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 181 69 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 2 also also RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 3 found find VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 4 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 5 both both DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 6 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 7 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 8 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 9 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 10 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 11 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 12 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 13 high high JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 14 commonality commonality NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 15 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 16 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 17 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 19 URLs url NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 21 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 22 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 23 ; ; : cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 24 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 25 same same JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 26 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 27 true true JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 28 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 29 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 30 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 31 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 32 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 182 33 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 1 Take take VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 2 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 3 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 4 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 5 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 6 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 7 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 8 example example NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 9 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 10 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 11 top top JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 12 15 15 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 13 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 14 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 15 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 16 that that WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 17 appeared appear VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 18 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 19 retweets retweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 20 generated generate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 21 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 22 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 23 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 24 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 25 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 26 listed list VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 27 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 28 Table Table NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 29 3 3 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 183 30 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 1 Here here RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 3 both both CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 4 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 5 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 6 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 7 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 8 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 9 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 10 tend tend VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 11 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 12 share share VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 13 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 14 same same JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 15 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 16 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 17 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 18 as as RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 19 well well RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 184 20 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 2 confirmed confirm VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 4 similar similar JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 5 tendencies tendency NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 6 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 7 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 8 three three CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 9 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 10 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 12 Supplementary supplementary JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 13 Information Information NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 14 2 2 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 185 16 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 1 Table table NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 2 4 4 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 3 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 4 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 5 summary summary NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 6 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 7 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 8 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 9 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 10 that that WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 11 commonly commonly RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 12 appeared appear VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 13 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 14 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 15 retweets retweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 186 16 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 2 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 3 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 4 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 5 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 6 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 7 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 8 share share VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 9 many many JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 10 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 11 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 12 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 13 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 14 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 15 four four CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 16 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 17 considered consider VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 187 18 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 188 1 This this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 188 2 indicates indicate VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 188 3 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 188 4 both both DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 188 5 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 188 6 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 188 7 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 188 8 tended tend VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 188 9 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 188 10 follow follow VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 188 11 common common JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 188 12 influential influential JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 188 13 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 188 14 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 1 Taken take VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 2 together together RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 3 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 4 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 5 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 6 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 7 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 8 shared share VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 9 many many JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 10 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 11 common common JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 12 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 13 respect respect NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 14 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 15 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 16 top top JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 17 15 15 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 18 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 19 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 20 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 21 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 22 top top JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 23 15 15 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 24 retweeted retweete VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 25 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 189 26 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 1 These these DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 2 findings finding NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 3 further far RBR cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 4 support support VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 5 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 6 assumption assumption NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 7 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 8 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 9 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 10 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 11 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 12 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 13 following follow VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 14 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 15 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 16 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 17 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 18 rather rather RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 19 than than IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 20 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 21 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 190 22 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 2 addition addition NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 3 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 5 found find VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 6 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 7 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 8 medium medium NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 9 such such JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 10 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 11 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 12 BBC BBC NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 13 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 14 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 15 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 16 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 17 Guardian Guardian NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 18 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 19 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 20 favored favor VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 21 news news NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 22 sources source NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 23 about about IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 24 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 25 WHO who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 26 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 27 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 28 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 29 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 30 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 31 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 32 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 33 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 34 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 35 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 36 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 37 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 38 while while IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 39 US US NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 40 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 41 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 42 such such JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 43 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 44 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 45 CNN CNN NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 46 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 47 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 48 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 49 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 50 Washington Washington NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 51 Post Post NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 52 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 53 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 54 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 55 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 56 New New NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 57 York York NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 58 Times Times NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 59 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 60 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 61 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 62 preferred prefer VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 63 sources source NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 64 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 65 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 66 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 67 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 68 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 69 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 70 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 191 71 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 1 By by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 2 contrast contrast NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 3 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 4 both both CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 5 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 6 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 7 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 8 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 9 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 10 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 11 retweeted retweete VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 12 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 13 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 14 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 15 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 16 as as RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 17 well well RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 18 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 19 unknown unknown JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 20 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 21 that that WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 22 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 23 neither neither DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 24 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 25 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 26 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 27 nor nor CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 28 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 29 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 30 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 31 domain domain NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 32 list list NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 192 33 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 1 For for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 2 example example NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 3 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 4 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 5 dailycaller.com dailycaller.com ADD cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 6 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 7 covers cover VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 8 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 9 most most JJS cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 10 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 11 related relate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 12 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 13 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 14 WHO who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 15 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 16 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 17 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 18 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 19 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 20 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 21 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 22 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 23 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 193 24 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 1 Al Al NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 2 - - : cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 3 though though IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 4 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 5 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 6 Daily Daily NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 7 Caller Caller NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 8 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 9 partnering partner VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 10 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 11 Facebook Facebook NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 12 launched launch VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 13 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 14 controversial controversial JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 15 fact fact NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 16 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 17 checking check VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 18 program program NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 19 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 20 CheckYourFact.com CheckYourFact.com NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 21 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 22 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 23 debunk debunk VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 24 potential potential JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 25 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 26 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 27 stop stop VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 29 propagation propagation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 30 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 31 Facebook Facebook NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 33 44 44 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 35 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 36 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 37 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 38 Daily Daily NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 39 Caller Caller NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 40 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 41 itself -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 42 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 43 considered consider VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 44 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 45 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 46 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 47 right right JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 48 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 49 wing wing NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 50 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 51 spreader spreader NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 52 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 53 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 54 used use VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 55 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 56 employ employ VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 57 anti anti JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 58 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 59 immigrant immigrant JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 60 narratives narrative NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 61 that that WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 62 echoed echo VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 63 sentiments sentiment NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 64 from from IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 65 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 66 alternative alternative JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 67 right right NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 68 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 69 white white JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 70 nationalists nationalist NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 71 but but CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 72 without without IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 73 explicitly explicitly RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 74 racist racist JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 75 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 76 pro pro JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 77 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 78 segregation segregation JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 79 language language NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 80 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 81 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 82 45 45 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 83 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 194 84 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 1 However however RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 4 Guardian Guardian NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 5 also also RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 6 pointed point VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 7 out out RP cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 8 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 9 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 10 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 11 Gateway Gateway NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 12 Pundit Pundit NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 13 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 14 has have VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 15 gained gain VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 16 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 17 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 18 White White NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 19 House House NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 20 press press NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 21 credential credential NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 22 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 24 46 46 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 195 26 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 2 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 3 paper paper NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 6 investigated investigate VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 7 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 8 roles role NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 9 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 10 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 11 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 12 analyzing analyze VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 13 retweet retweet NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 14 networks network NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 15 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 16 temporal temporal JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 17 patterns pattern NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 18 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 19 retweets retweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 20 as as RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 21 well well RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 22 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 23 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 24 contents content NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 25 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 26 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 27 during during IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 28 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 29 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 30 infodemic infodemic NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 196 31 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 1 For for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 2 analysis analysis NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 3 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 5 focused focus VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 6 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 7 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 8 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 9 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 10 theory theory NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 11 related relate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 12 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 13 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 14 such such JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 15 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 16 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 17 WHO who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 18 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 19 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 20 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 21 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 22 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 23 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 24 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 25 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 26 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 27 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 28 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 29 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 30 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 31 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 32 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 197 33 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 2 found find VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 3 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 4 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 5 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 6 networks network NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 7 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 8 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 9 bipartite bipartite JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 10 topology topology NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 11 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 12 all all DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 13 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 14 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 15 four four CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 16 topics topic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 17 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 18 suggesting suggest VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 19 two two CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 20 types type NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 21 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 22 voices voice NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 23 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 24 each each DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 25 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 26 ; ; : cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 27 one one CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 28 represented represent VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 29 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 30 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 31 main main JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 32 stream stream NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 33 media medium NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 34 news news NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 35 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 36 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 37 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 38 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 39 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 40 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 41 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 42 or or CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 43 partisan partisan JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 44 self self NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 45 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 46 media medium NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 47 sources source NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 48 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 49 right right JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 50 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 51 wing wing NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 52 mediums medium NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 198 53 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 1 Although although IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 2 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 3 suspended suspend VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 4 many many JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 5 malicious malicious JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 6 accounts account NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 7 during during IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 8 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 9 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 10 infodemic infodemic NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 11 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 12 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 13 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 14 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 15 negligible negligible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 16 amount amount NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 17 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 18 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 19 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 20 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 21 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 22 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 23 still still RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 24 active active JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 25 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 26 selectively selectively RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 27 parasitic parasitic JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 28 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 29 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 30 partisan partisan JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 31 clusters cluster NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 199 32 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 1 In in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 3 cases case NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 5 there there EX cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 6 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 7 85 85 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 8 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 9 2880 2880 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 10 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 11 47 47 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 12 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 13 337 337 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 14 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 15 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 16 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 17 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 18 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 19 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 20 WHO","Trump who","trump NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 21 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 22 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 23 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 24 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 25 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 26 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 27 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 28 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 29 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 30 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 31 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 32 topic topic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 33 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 34 respectively respectively RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 200 35 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 1 According accord VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 2 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 4 indegrees indegree NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 5 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 6 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 7 basic basic JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 8 influence influence NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 9 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 10 retweets retweet NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 11 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 12 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 13 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 14 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 15 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 16 can can MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 17 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 18 much much RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 19 larger large JJR cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 20 than than IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 21 those those DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 22 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 23 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 24 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 25 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 26 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 201 27 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 1 Thus thus RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 3 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 4 did do VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 5 not not RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 6 play play VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 7 as as RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 8 important important JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 9 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 10 role role NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 11 during during IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 12 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 13 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 14 infodemic infodemic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 15 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 17 did do VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 18 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 19 previous previous JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 20 political political JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 21 events event NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 22 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 23 including include VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 24 2016 2016 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 25 US US NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 26 presidential presidential JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 27 election election NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 202 28 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 203 1 However however RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 203 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 203 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 203 4 can can MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 203 5 not not RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 203 6 simply simply RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 203 7 make make VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 203 8 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 203 9 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 203 10 definitive definitive JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 203 11 conclusion conclusion NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 203 12 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 1 Rather rather RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 2 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 3 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 4 clustering clustering NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 5 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 6 noncredible noncredible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 7 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 8 may may MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 9 reflect reflect VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 10 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 11 partisan partisan JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 12 asymmetry asymmetry NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 13 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 14 that that IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 15 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 16 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 17 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 18 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 19 follow follow VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 20 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 21 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 22 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 23 humans human NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 24 call call VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 25 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 26 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 27 necessity necessity NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 28 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 29 continuously continuously RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 30 monitoring monitor VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 31 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 32 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 33 ecosystem ecosystem NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 34 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 35 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 204 36 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 1 This this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 2 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 3 especially especially RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 4 important important JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 5 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 6 detect detect VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 8 coordinated coordinate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 9 acts act NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 10 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 11 though though IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 13 did do VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 14 not not RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 15 find find VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 16 evidence evidence NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 17 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 18 such such JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 19 events event NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 20 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 21 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 22 current current JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 23 settings setting NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 24 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 25 but but CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 26 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 27 could could MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 28 still still RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 29 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 30 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 31 future future JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 32 threat threat NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 33 that that WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 34 has have VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 35 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 36 negative negative JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 37 societal societal JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 38 impact impact NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 205 39 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 1 As as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 2 WHO who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 3 mentioned mention VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 5 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 6 infodemic infodemic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 7 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 8 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 9 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 10 second second JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 11 disease disease NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 12 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 13 that that WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 14 also also RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 15 emerged emerge VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 16 along along RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 17 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 18 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 19 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 20 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 22 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 23 important important JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 24 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 25 take take VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 26 immediate immediate JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 27 action action NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 28 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 29 address address VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 30 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 31 infodemic infodemic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 206 32 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 1 As as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 2 done do VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 3 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 4 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 5 study study NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 6 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 7 social social JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 8 media medium NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 9 analysis analysis NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 10 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 11 important important JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 12 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 13 gain gain VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 14 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 15 overview overview NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 16 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 17 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 18 infodemic infodemic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 19 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 20 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 21 obtain obtain VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 22 insights insight NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 23 into into IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 24 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 25 mitigation mitigation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 26 strategy strategy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 207 27 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 2 study study NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 3 has have VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 4 several several JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 5 limitation limitation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 6 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 7 which which WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 8 need need VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 9 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 10 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 11 resolved resolve VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 12 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 13 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 14 future future NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 208 15 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 1 Since since IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 2 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 3 suspends suspend VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 4 any any DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 5 accounts account NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 6 that that WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 8 considers consider VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 9 as as IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 10 " " `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 11 malicious malicious JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 12 " " '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 13 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 15 were be VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 16 unable unable JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 17 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 18 obtain obtain VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 19 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 20 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 21 picture picture NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 22 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 23 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 24 ' ' POS cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 25 interactive interactive JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 26 behaviors behavior NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 27 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 28 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 29 study study NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 209 30 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 2 also also RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 3 had have VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 4 limited limit VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 5 information information NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 6 about about IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 7 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 8 sources source NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 9 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 10 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 11 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 12 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 13 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 14 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 15 domains domain NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 17 URLs url NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 19 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 20 which which WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 21 needs need VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 22 frequent frequent JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 23 updates update NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 24 ; ; : cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 25 thus thus RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 26 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 27 all all DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 28 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 29 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 30 URLs url NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 31 could could MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 32 not not RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 33 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 34 labelled label VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 35 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 36 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 37 analyses analysis NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 210 38 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 2 availability availability NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 3 problem problem NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 4 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 5 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 6 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 7 / / SYM cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 8 non non JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 9 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 10 credible credible JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 11 domain domain NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 12 list list NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 13 needs need VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 14 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 15 collective collective JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 16 effort effort NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 17 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 18 solve solve VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 211 19 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 1 Despite despite IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 2 these these DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 3 limitations limitation NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 4 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 5 this this DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 6 study study NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 7 furthers further VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 9 understanding understanding NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 10 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 11 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 12 roles role NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 13 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 14 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 15 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 16 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 17 propagation propagation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 18 during during IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 19 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 20 infodemic infodemic NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 21 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 22 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 23 midst midst NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 24 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 25 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 26 world world NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 27 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 28 wide wide JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 29 healthcare healthcare NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 30 crisis crisis NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 31 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 32 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 33 reemphasizes reemphasize VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 34 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 35 need need NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 36 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 37 develop develop VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 38 an an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 39 efficient efficient JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 40 method method NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 41 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 42 address address VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 43 malicious malicious JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 44 bot bot NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 45 behavior behavior NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 212 46 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 213 1 WHO who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 213 2 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 214 1 Munich Munich NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 214 2 Security Security NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 214 3 Conference Conference NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 214 4 Types Types NNPS cord-133143-ws708tsc 214 5 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 214 6 Sources Sources NNPS cord-133143-ws708tsc 214 7 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 214 8 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 214 9 Claims claim NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 214 10 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 214 11 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 214 12 Misinformation Misinformation NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 215 1 You -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 215 2 followed follow VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 215 3 my -PRON- PRP$ cord-133143-ws708tsc 215 4 bot bot NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 215 5 ! ! . cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 1 Transforming transform VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 2 robots robot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 3 into into IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 4 influential influential JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 5 users user NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 6 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 7 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 8 Social Social NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 9 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 10 distort distort VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 11 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 12 2016 2016 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 13 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 14 Presidential presidential JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 15 election election NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 16 online online JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 17 discussion discussion NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 18 Proceedings proceeding NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 19 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 20 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 21 11th 11th JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 22 International International NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 23 Conference Conference NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 24 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 25 Web Web NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 26 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 27 Social Social NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 216 28 Media medium NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 217 1 What what WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 217 2 types type NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 217 3 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 217 4 covid-19 covid-19 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 217 5 conspiracies conspiracy NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 217 6 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 217 7 populated populate VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 217 8 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 217 9 twitter twitter NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 217 10 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 217 11 ? ? . cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 2 spread spread NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 3 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 4 low low JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 5 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 6 credibility credibility NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 7 content content NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 8 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 9 social social JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 10 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 11 Social Social NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 12 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 13 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 14 election election NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 15 campaigns campaign NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 16 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 17 Theoretical theoretical JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 18 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 19 empirical empirical JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 20 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 21 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 22 methodological methodological JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 218 23 implications implication NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 219 1 Weaponized Weaponized NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 219 2 Health Health NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 219 3 Communication Communication NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 1 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 2 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 3 Bots Bots NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 4 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 5 Russian Russian NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 6 Trolls Trolls NNPS cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 7 Amplify amplify VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 8 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 9 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 10 Debate Debate NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 11 Assessing assess VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 12 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 13 risks risk NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 14 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 15 ' ' `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 16 infodemics infodemic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 17 ' ' '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 18 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 19 response response NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 20 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 21 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 220 22 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 221 1 Botornot Botornot NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 221 2 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 1 A a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 2 system system NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 3 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 4 evaluate evaluate VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 5 social social JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 6 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 7 Detection Detection NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 8 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 9 novel novel JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 10 social social JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 11 bots bot NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 12 by by IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 13 ensembles ensemble NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 14 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 15 specialized specialized JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 222 16 classifiers classifier NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 2 spread spread NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 3 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 4 true true JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 5 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 6 false false JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 7 news news NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 8 online online NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 9 tweet tweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 10 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 11 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 12 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 13 Conversational conversational JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 14 aspects aspect NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 15 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 16 retweeting retweete VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 17 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 18 twitter twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 19 Measuring measure VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 20 user user NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 21 influence influence NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 22 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 23 twitter twitter NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 223 24 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 2 million million CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 3 follower follower NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 4 fallacy fallacy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 5 Influence influence NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 6 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 7 passivity passivity NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 8 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 9 social social JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 10 media medium NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 11 Predicting predict VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 12 popular popular JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 13 messages message NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 14 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 15 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 16 Want want VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 17 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 18 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 19 retweeted retweete VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 224 20 ? ? . cord-133143-ws708tsc 225 1 Large large JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 225 2 scale scale NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 225 3 analytics analytic NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 225 4 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 225 5 factors factor NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 225 6 impacting impact VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 225 7 retweet retweet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 225 8 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 225 9 twitter twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 225 10 network network NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 226 1 What what WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 226 2 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 226 3 twitter twitter NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 227 1 How how WRB cord-133143-ws708tsc 227 2 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 227 3 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 227 4 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 227 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 227 6 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 227 7 theory theory NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 227 8 tore tear VBD cord-133143-ws708tsc 227 9 through through IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 227 10 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 227 11 internet internet NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 227 12 -WIRED -WIRED . cord-133143-ws708tsc 228 1 77 77 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 228 2 phone phone NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 228 3 masts mast NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 228 4 attacked attack VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 228 5 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 228 6 UK UK NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 228 7 due due IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 228 8 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 228 9 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 228 10 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 228 11 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 228 12 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 228 13 theory theory NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 228 14 -Business -Business . cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 1 Insider insider NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 2 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 3 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 4 5 5 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 5 G g NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 6 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 7 A a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 8 case case NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 9 study study NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 10 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 11 platforms platform NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 12 ' ' POS cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 13 content content NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 14 moderation moderation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 229 15 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 230 1 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 230 2 theories theory NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 231 1 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 231 2 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 231 3 theories theory NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 231 4 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 231 5 dangerous dangerous JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 231 6 -here -here NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 231 7 's be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 231 8 how how WRB cord-133143-ws708tsc 231 9 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 231 10 stop stop VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 231 11 them -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 231 12 spreading spread VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 231 13 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 1 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 2 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 3 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 4 ' ' POS cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 5 microchip microchip NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 6 ' ' '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 7 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 8 theory theory NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 9 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 10 other other JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 11 vaccine vaccine NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 12 claims claim VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 13 fact fact NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 14 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 15 checked check VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 232 16 -BBC -BBC . cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 1 News News NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 2 Bill Bill NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 3 Gates Gates NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 4 denies deny VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 5 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 6 theories theory NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 7 that that WDT cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 8 say say VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 9 he -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 10 wants want VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 11 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 12 use use VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 14 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 15 to to IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 16 implant implant JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 17 tracking tracking NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 233 18 devices device NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 1 New New NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 2 Yahoo Yahoo NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 3 News News NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 4 / / SYM cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 5 YouGov YouGov NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 6 poll poll NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 7 shows show VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 8 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 9 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 10 theories theory NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 11 spreading spread VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 12 on on IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 13 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 14 right right NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 15 may may MD cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 16 hamper hamper VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 17 vaccine vaccine NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 18 efforts effort NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 19 Quantifying quantify VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 20 sources source NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 21 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 22 themes theme NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 23 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 24 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 25 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 26 ' ' '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 27 infodemic infodemic JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 28 Nela Nela NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 29 - - HYPH cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 30 gt-2018 gt-2018 NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 31 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 32 A a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 33 large large JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 34 multi multi JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 35 - - JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 36 labelled labelled JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 37 news news NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 38 dataset dataset NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 39 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 40 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 41 study study NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 42 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 43 misinformation misinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 44 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 45 news news NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 234 46 articles article NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 235 1 Gephi Gephi NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 235 2 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 1 An an DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 2 open open JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 3 source source NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 4 software software NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 5 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 6 exploring explore VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 7 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 8 manipulating manipulate VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 9 networks network NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 10 ForceAtlas2 ForceAtlas2 NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 11 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 12 a a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 13 Continuous Continuous NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 14 Graph Graph NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 15 Layout Layout NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 16 Algorithm Algorithm NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 17 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 18 Handy Handy NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 19 Network Network NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 20 Visualization Visualization NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 21 Designed design VBN cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 22 for for IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 23 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 24 Gephi Gephi NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 236 25 Software Software NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 237 1 You -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 237 2 are be VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 237 3 what what WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 237 4 you -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 237 5 eat eat VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 237 6 A a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 237 7 social social JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 237 8 media medium NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 237 9 study study NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 237 10 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 237 11 food food NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 237 12 identity identity NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 237 13 BBC BBC NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 237 14 . . . cord-133143-ws708tsc 238 1 UKIP UKIP NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 238 2 aiming aim VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 238 3 to to TO cord-133143-ws708tsc 238 4 be be VB cord-133143-ws708tsc 238 5 ' ' `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 238 6 radical radical JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 238 7 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 238 8 populist populist JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 238 9 ' ' '' cord-133143-ws708tsc 238 10 party party NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 238 11 -Gerard -gerard NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 238 12 Batten Batten NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 239 1 -BBC -BBC NFP cord-133143-ws708tsc 239 2 News News NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 239 3 Who who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 239 4 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 239 5 David David NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 239 6 Icke Icke NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 239 7 ? ? . cord-133143-ws708tsc 240 1 The the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 240 2 conspiracy conspiracy NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 240 3 theorist theorist NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 240 4 who who WP cord-133143-ws708tsc 240 5 claims claim VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 240 6 he -PRON- PRP cord-133143-ws708tsc 240 7 is be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 240 8 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 240 9 son son NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 240 10 of of IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 240 11 God God NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 1 There there EX cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 2 's be VBZ cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 3 A a DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 4 Connection connection NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 5 Between between IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 6 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 7 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 8 Facebook Facebook NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 9 teams team NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 10 with with IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 11 rightwing rightwing JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 12 daily daily JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 13 caller caller NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 14 in in IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 15 factchecking factchecke VBG cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 16 program program NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 17 Partisanship partisanship NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 18 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 19 Propaganda propaganda NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 20 , , , cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 21 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 22 Disinformation disinformation NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 23 : : : cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 24 Online Online NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 25 Media medium NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 26 and and CC cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 27 the the DT cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 28 2016 2016 CD cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 29 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 30 Presidential Presidential NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 241 31 Election election NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 242 1 Even even RB cord-133143-ws708tsc 242 2 rightwing rightwing JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 242 3 sites site NNS cord-133143-ws708tsc 242 4 call call VBP cord-133143-ws708tsc 242 5 out out RP cord-133143-ws708tsc 242 6 Trump Trump NNP cord-133143-ws708tsc 242 7 administration administration NN cord-133143-ws708tsc 242 8 over over IN cord-133143-ws708tsc 242 9 ' ' `` cord-133143-ws708tsc 242 10 alternative alternative JJ cord-133143-ws708tsc 242 11 facts fact NNS