id sid tid token lemma pos cord-285168-qkadqohe 1 1 key key NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 1 2 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 2 1 cord-285168-qkadqohe cord-285168-qkadqohe NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 1 authors author NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 2 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 3 Delatorre Delatorre NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 4 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 5 Edson Edson NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 6 ; ; : cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 7 Mir Mir NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 8 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 9 Daiana Daiana NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 10 ; ; : cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 11 Graf Graf NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 12 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 13 Tiago Tiago NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 14 ; ; : cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 15 Bello Bello NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 16 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 17 Gonzalo Gonzalo NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 18 title title NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 19 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 20 Tracking track VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 21 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 22 onset onset NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 23 date date NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 24 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 25 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 26 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 27 spread spread NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 28 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 29 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 30 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 31 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 32 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 33 Western western JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 34 Countries Countries NNPS cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 35 date date NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 36 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 37 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 38 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 39 04 04 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 40 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 41 23 23 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 42 journal journal NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 43 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 44 nan nan NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 45 DOI DOI NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 46 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 47 10.1101/2020.04.20.20073007 10.1101/2020.04.20.20073007 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 48 sha sha NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 49 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 50 e5ad917c972dfdbdfa643d17a5ddc095efcd0e79 e5ad917c972dfdbdfa643d17a5ddc095efcd0e79 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 51 doc_id doc_id NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 52 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 53 285168 285168 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 54 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 55 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 3 56 qkadqohe qkadqohe NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 2 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 3 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 4 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 5 rapidly rapidly RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 6 spread spread VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 7 around around IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 8 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 9 world world NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 10 during during IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 11 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 12 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 13 but but CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 14 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 15 precise precise JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 16 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 17 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 18 which which WDT cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 19 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 20 virus virus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 21 began begin VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 22 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 23 spread spread VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 24 locally locally RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 25 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 26 currently currently RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 27 unknown unknown JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 28 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 29 most most JJS cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 30 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 4 31 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 1 Here here RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 2 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 4 estimate estimate VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 5 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 6 probable probable JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 7 onset onset NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 8 date date NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 9 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 10 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 11 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 12 spread spread NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 13 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 15 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 16 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 17 from from IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 18 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 19 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 20 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 21 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 22 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 23 reported report VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 24 during during IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 25 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 26 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 27 stage stage NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 28 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 29 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 30 epidemic epidemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 31 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 32 Western Western NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 33 Europe Europe NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 34 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 35 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 36 Americas Americas NNPS cord-285168-qkadqohe 5 37 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 2 results result NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 3 support support VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 4 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 6 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 7 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 8 probably probably RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 9 started start VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 10 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 11 spread spread VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 12 locally locally RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 13 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 14 all all DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 15 western western JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 16 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 17 analyzed analyze VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 18 between between IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 19 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 20 middle middle NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 21 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 22 January January NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 23 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 24 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 25 February February NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 26 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 27 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 28 thus thus RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 29 long long RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 30 before before IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 31 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 32 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 33 was be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 34 officially officially RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 35 recognized recognize VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 36 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 37 control control NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 38 measures measure NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 39 were be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 40 implemented implement VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 6 41 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 1 A a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 2 novel novel NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 3 Betacoronavirus Betacoronavirus NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 4 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 5 designated designate VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 7 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 8 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 9 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 10 was be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 11 identified identify VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 12 as as IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 13 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 14 causative causative JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 15 agent agent NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 16 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 17 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 18 severe severe JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 19 acute acute JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 20 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 21 disease disease NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 23 now now RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 24 known know VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 25 as as IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 26 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 27 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 28 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 29 Hubei Hubei NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 30 province province NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 31 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 32 China China NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 33 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 34 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 35 December December NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 36 2019 2019 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 7 37 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 8 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 8 2 1 1 LS cord-285168-qkadqohe 8 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 8 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 8 5 2 2 LS cord-285168-qkadqohe 8 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 1 In in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 2 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 3 following follow VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 4 weeks week NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 5 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 7 - - : cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 8 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 9 rapidly rapidly RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 10 spread spread VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 11 around around IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 12 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 13 world world NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 14 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 15 infecting infect VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 16 more more JJR cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 17 than than IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 18 2 2 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 19 million million CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 20 people people NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 21 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 22 causing cause VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 23 more more JJR cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 24 than than IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 25 135,000 135,000 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 26 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 27 as as IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 28 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 29 April April NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 30 15th 15th NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 31 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 32 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 9 33 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 10 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 10 2 3 3 LS cord-285168-qkadqohe 10 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 2 exponential exponential JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 3 growth growth NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 4 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 5 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 7 pandemic pandemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 8 has have VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 9 overloaded overloaded JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 10 hospitals hospital NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 11 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 12 governments government NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 13 ' ' POS cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 14 response response NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 15 measures measure NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 16 have have VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 17 disrupted disrupt VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 18 social social JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 19 contacts contact NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 20 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 21 > > $ cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 22 1 1 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 23 billion billion CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 24 inhabitants inhabitant NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 25 worldwide worldwide RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 11 26 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 2 first first JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 3 infections infection NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 4 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 6 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 7 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 8 identified identify VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 9 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 10 Europe Europe NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 11 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 12 North North NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 13 America America NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 14 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 15 January January NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 16 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 17 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 18 were be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 19 related relate VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 20 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 21 travelers traveler NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 22 returning return VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 23 from from IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 24 China China NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 12 25 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 13 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 13 2 4 4 LS cord-285168-qkadqohe 13 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 13 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 13 5 5 5 LS cord-285168-qkadqohe 13 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 1 Since since IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 2 February February NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 3 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 4 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 5 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 6 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 7 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 8 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 9 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 10 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 11 was be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 12 already already RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 13 documented document VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 14 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 15 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 16 USA USA NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 17 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 18 multiple multiple JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 19 European european JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 20 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 14 21 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 15 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 15 2 6 6 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 15 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 1 However however RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 2 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 3 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 4 precise precise JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 5 start start NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 6 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 7 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 8 sustained sustained JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 9 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 10 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 11 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 12 local local JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 13 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 14 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 15 most most JJS cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 16 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 17 these these DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 18 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 19 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 20 currently currently RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 21 unknown unknown JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 16 22 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 2 presence presence NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 3 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 4 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 5 substantial substantial JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 6 fraction fraction NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 7 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 8 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 9 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 10 but but CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 11 infectious infectious JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 12 individuals individual NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 13 probably probably RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 14 facilitated facilitate VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 15 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 16 undocumented undocumented JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 17 dissemination dissemination NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 18 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 19 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 20 novel novel JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 21 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 22 within within IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 23 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 24 among among IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 25 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 26 before before IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 28 detection detection NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 29 by by IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 30 public public JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 31 health health NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 32 systems system NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 17 33 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 18 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 18 2 7 7 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 18 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 1 This this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 3 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 4 when when WRB cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 5 domestic domestic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 6 infections infection NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 7 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 8 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 9 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 10 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 11 were be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 12 reported report VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 13 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 14 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 15 were be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 16 probably probably RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 17 already already RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 18 growing grow VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 19 exponentially exponentially RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 20 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 21 most most JJS cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 22 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 23 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 24 some some DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 25 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 19 26 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 1 Genomic genomic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 2 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 3 could could MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 4 be be VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 5 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 6 useful useful JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 7 tool tool NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 8 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 9 track track VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 10 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 11 geographic geographic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 12 spread spread NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 13 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 15 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 16 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 17 over over IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 18 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 19 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 20 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 21 infer infer VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 22 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 23 timing timing NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 24 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 25 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 26 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 20 27 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 2 implementation implementation NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 3 has have VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 4 enabled enable VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 5 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 6 trace trace VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 7 back back RP cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 8 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 9 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 10 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 11 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 12 most most RBS cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 13 recent recent JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 14 common common JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 15 ancestor ancestor NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 17 T T NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 18 MRCA MRCA NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 20 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 21 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 22 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 23 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 24 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 25 late late JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 26 November November NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 27 2019 2019 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 28 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 30 8) 8) LS cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 31 consistent consistent JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 32 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 33 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 34 findings finding NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 35 that that WDT cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 36 show show VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 37 viral viral JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 38 local local JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 39 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 40 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 41 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 42 by by IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 43 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 44 middle middle JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 45 December December NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 46 2019 2019 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 21 47 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 22 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 22 2 9 9 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 22 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 1 Within within IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 2 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 3 same same JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 4 framework framework NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 5 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 6 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 7 recent recent JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 8 analysis analysis NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 9 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 11 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 12 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 13 genomes genome NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 14 from from IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 15 21 21 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 16 neighborhoods neighborhood NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 17 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 18 New New NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 19 York York NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 20 city city NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 22 NYC NYC NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 24 revealed reveal VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 25 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 26 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 27 NYC NYC NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 28 epidemic epidemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 29 has have VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 30 been be VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 31 mainly mainly RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 32 sourced source VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 33 from from IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 34 untracked untracked JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 35 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 36 between between IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 37 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 38 USA USA NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 39 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 40 Europe Europe NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 41 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 42 also also RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 43 pointed point VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 44 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 45 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 46 virus virus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 47 was be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 48 likely likely RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 49 circulating circulate VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 50 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 51 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 52 city city NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 53 weeks week NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 54 before before IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 55 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 56 first first JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 57 confirmed confirm VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 58 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 59 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 60 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 61 infection infection NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 62 case case NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 23 63 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 24 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 24 2 10 10 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 24 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 1 At at IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 2 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 3 moment moment NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 4 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 5 however however RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 6 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 8 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 9 challenging challenge VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 10 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 11 estimate estimate VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 12 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 13 onset onset NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 14 date date NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 15 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 16 local local JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 17 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 18 clusters cluster NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 19 within within IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 20 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 22 or or CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 23 cities city NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 25 based base VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 26 solely solely RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 27 on on IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 28 genetic genetic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 29 data datum NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 25 30 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 1 Due due IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 2 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 3 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 4 short short JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 5 period period NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 6 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 7 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 8 since since IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 9 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 10 beginning beginning NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 11 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 12 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 13 outbreak outbreak NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 14 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 15 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 16 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 17 uneven uneven JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 18 geographic geographic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 19 sampling sampling NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 20 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 21 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 22 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 23 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 24 genomes genome NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 25 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 26 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 27 most most JJS cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 28 cases case NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 29 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 30 there there EX cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 31 's be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 32 still still RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 33 not not RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 34 enough enough JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 35 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 36 signal signal NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 37 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 38 define define VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 39 location location NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 40 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 41 specific specific JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 42 clusters cluster NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 26 43 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 27 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 27 2 8 8 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 27 3 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 27 4 11 11 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 27 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 27 6 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 28 1 CC CC NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 28 2 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 28 3 BY BY NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 28 4 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 28 5 NC NC NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 28 6 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 28 7 ND ND NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 28 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 28 9 International international JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 28 10 license license NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 29 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 29 2 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 29 3 made make VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 29 4 available available JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 29 5 under under IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 29 6 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 1 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 2 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 3 author author NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 4 / / SYM cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 5 funder funder NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 6 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 7 who who WP cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 8 has have VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 9 granted grant VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 11 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 12 license license NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 13 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 14 display display VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 15 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 16 preprint preprint NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 17 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 30 19 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 31 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 31 2 which which WDT cord-285168-qkadqohe 31 3 was be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 31 4 not not RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 31 5 certified certify VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 31 6 by by IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 31 7 peer peer NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 31 8 review review NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 31 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 2 copyright copyright NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 3 holder holder NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 4 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 5 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 6 preprint preprint NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 7 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 8 version version NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 9 posted post VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 10 April April NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 11 23 23 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 12 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 13 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 14 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 32 15 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 1 Here here RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 2 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 4 aimed aim VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 5 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 6 develop develop VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 7 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 8 simple simple JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 9 inference inference NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 10 method method NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 11 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 12 estimate estimate VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 13 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 14 onset onset NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 15 date date NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 16 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 17 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 18 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 19 spread spread NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 20 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 21 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 22 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 23 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 24 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 25 different different JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 26 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 27 from from IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 28 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 29 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 30 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 31 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 32 reported report VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 33 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 34 during during IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 35 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 36 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 37 stage stage NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 38 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 39 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 40 epidemic epidemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 33 41 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 2 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 3 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 4 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 5 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 6 could could MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 7 be be VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 8 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 9 reliable reliable JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 10 tracker tracker NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 11 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 12 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 14 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 15 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 16 epidemic epidemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 17 's 's POS cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 18 progress progress NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 19 within within IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 20 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 21 country country NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 34 22 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 35 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 35 2 12 12 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 35 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 2 lack lack NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 3 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 4 testing testing NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 5 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 6 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 7 great great JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 8 proportion proportion NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 9 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 10 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 11 subjects subject NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 12 profoundly profoundly RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 13 restrain restrain VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 14 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 15 capacity capacity NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 16 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 17 most most JJS cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 18 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 19 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 20 count count VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 21 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 22 true true JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 23 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 24 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 25 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 26 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 27 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 28 infections infection NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 29 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 30 while while IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 31 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 32 smaller small JJR cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 33 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 34 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 35 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 36 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 37 less less RBR cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 38 prone prone JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 39 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 40 such such JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 41 degree degree NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 42 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 43 underestimation underestimation NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 36 44 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 2 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 3 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 4 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 5 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 6 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 7 reported report VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 8 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 9 represents represent VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 10 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 11 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 12 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 13 delayed delay VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 14 tracker tracker NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 15 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 16 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 17 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 18 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 19 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 20 epidemic epidemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 21 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 22 thus thus RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 23 provides provide VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 24 valuable valuable JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 25 information information NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 26 on on IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 27 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 28 epidemic epidemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 29 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 30 even even RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 31 when when WRB cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 32 data data NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 33 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 34 obtained obtain VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 35 after after IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 36 implementation implementation NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 37 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 38 national national JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 39 control control NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 40 measures measure NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 41 that that WDT cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 42 reduce reduce VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 43 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 44 viral viral JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 45 spread spread NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 37 46 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 1 Current current JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 3 support support VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 4 an an DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 5 infection infection NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 6 fatality fatality NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 7 ratio ratio NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 8 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 9 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 10 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 11 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 12 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 13 around around RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 14 1 1 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 15 % % NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 16 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 17 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 18 median median JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 19 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 20 between between IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 21 infection infection NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 22 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 23 death death NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 24 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 25 around around RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 26 three three CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 27 weeks week NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 38 28 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 39 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 39 2 13 13 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 39 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 2 14 14 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 4 To to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 5 infer infer VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 6 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 7 probable probable JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 8 onset onset NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 9 date date NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 10 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 11 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 12 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 13 spread spread NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 14 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 15 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 16 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 17 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 18 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 19 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 20 given give VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 21 location location NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 22 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 23 we -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 24 assumed assume VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 25 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 26 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 27 a a LS cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 29 as as RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 30 soon soon RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 31 as as IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 32 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 33 virus virus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 34 starts start VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 35 spreading spread VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 36 locally locally RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 37 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 38 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 39 epidemic epidemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 40 starts start VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 41 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 42 grow grow VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 43 exponentially exponentially RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 44 ; ; . cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 45 b b LS cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 47 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 48 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 49 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 50 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 51 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 52 starts start VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 53 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 54 increase increase VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 55 exponentially exponentially RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 56 20 20 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 57 days day NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 58 later later RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 59 than than IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 60 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 61 beginning beginning NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 62 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 63 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 64 epidemic epidemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 65 exponential exponential JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 66 growth growth NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 67 ; ; : cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 68 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 69 c c LS cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 71 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 72 rate rate NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 73 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 74 exponential exponential JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 75 growth growth NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 76 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 77 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 78 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 79 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 80 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 81 remains remain VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 82 roughly roughly RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 83 constant constant JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 84 during during IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 85 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 86 epidemic epidemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 87 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 88 weeks week NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 40 89 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 1 For for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 2 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 3 study study NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 5 selected select VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 6 China China NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 7 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 8 those those DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 9 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 10 from from IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 11 Western Western NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 12 Europe Europe NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 14 Belgium Belgium NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 15 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 16 France France NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 17 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 18 Germany Germany NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 19 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 20 Italy Italy NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 21 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 22 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 23 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 24 Spain Spain NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 25 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 26 United United NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 27 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 29 UK UK NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 32 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 33 North North NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 34 America America NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 36 New New NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 37 York York NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 38 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 39 USA USA NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 41 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 42 South South NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 43 America America NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 45 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 47 that that WDT cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 48 were be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 49 most most RBS cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 50 heavily heavily RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 51 affected affect VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 52 until until IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 53 5th 5th JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 54 April April NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 55 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 41 56 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 2 3 3 LS cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 4 To to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 5 capture capture VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 6 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 7 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 8 period period NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 9 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 10 exponential exponential JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 11 growth growth NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 12 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 13 virus virus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 14 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 15 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 16 before before IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 17 national national JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 18 control control NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 19 measures measure NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 20 were be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 21 implemented implement VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 22 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 23 we -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 24 set set VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 25 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 26 start start NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 27 point point NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 28 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 29 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 30 day day NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 31 when when WRB cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 32 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 33 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 34 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 35 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 36 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 37 was be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 38 above above IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 39 one one CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 40 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 41 then then RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 42 counted count VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 43 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 44 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 45 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 46 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 47 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 48 during during IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 49 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 50 following following JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 51 three three CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 52 weeks week NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 53 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 42 54 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 43 1 CC CC NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 43 2 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 43 3 BY BY NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 43 4 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 43 5 NC NC NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 43 6 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 43 7 ND ND NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 43 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 43 9 International international JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 43 10 license license NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 44 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 44 2 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 44 3 made make VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 44 4 available available JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 44 5 under under IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 44 6 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 1 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 2 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 3 author author NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 4 / / SYM cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 5 funder funder NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 6 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 7 who who WP cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 8 has have VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 9 granted grant VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 11 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 12 license license NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 13 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 14 display display VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 15 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 16 preprint preprint NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 17 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 45 19 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 2 copyright copyright NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 3 holder holder NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 4 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 5 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 6 preprint preprint NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 7 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 8 version version NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 9 posted post VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 10 April April NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 11 23 23 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 12 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 13 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 14 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 46 15 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 2 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 3 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 4 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 5 reported report VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 6 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 7 has have VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 8 grown grow VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 9 exponentially exponentially RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 10 during during IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 11 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 12 selected select VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 13 period period NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 14 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 15 all all DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 16 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 17 analyzed analyze VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 18 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 19 mean mean JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 20 estimated estimate VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 21 epidemic epidemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 22 doubling double VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 23 times time NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 24 ranging range VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 25 from from IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 26 2.6 2.6 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 27 days day NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 28 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 29 3.8 3.8 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 30 days day NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 31 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 32 consistent consistent JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 33 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 34 previous previous JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 35 estimations estimation NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 37 Supplementary supplementary JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 38 data datum NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 40 Figure figure NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 41 1 1 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 47 44 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 48 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 48 2 15 15 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 48 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 48 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 48 5 16 16 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 48 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 48 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 48 8 17 17 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 48 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 1 Linear linear JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 2 regression regression NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 3 analyses analysis NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 4 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 5 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 6 log log NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 7 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 8 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 9 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 10 projected project VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 11 total total NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 12 infected infected JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 13 individuals individual NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 14 over over IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 15 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 16 resulted result VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 17 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 18 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 19 high high JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 20 coefficient coefficient NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 21 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 22 determination determination NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 24 r r NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 25 2 2 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 26 ≥ ≥ CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 27 0.95 0.95 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 29 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 30 significant significant JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 31 increase increase NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 33 P p NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 34 < < XX cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 35 0.0001 0.0001 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 37 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 38 all all DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 39 analyzed analyze VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 40 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 42 Figure figure NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 43 1 1 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 49 45 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 1 To to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 2 validate validate VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 4 approach approach NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 5 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 7 first first RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 8 estimated estimate VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 9 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 10 beginning beginning NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 11 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 12 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 13 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 14 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 15 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 16 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 17 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 18 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 19 locations location NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 20 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 21 previous previous JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 22 molecular molecular JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 23 clock clock NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 24 estimates estimate NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 50 25 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 1 Using use VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 3 framework framework NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 4 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 6 traced trace VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 7 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 8 onset onset NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 9 date date NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 10 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 11 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 12 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 13 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 15 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 16 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 17 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 18 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 19 December December NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 20 2019 2019 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 21 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 22 China China NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 23 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 24 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 25 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 26 February February NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 27 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 28 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 29 New New NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 30 York York NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 32 Figure figure NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 33 1 1 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 34 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 35 Table Table NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 36 1 1 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 51 38 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 1 These these DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 3 were be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 5 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 6 molecular molecular JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 7 clock clock NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 8 calibrations calibration NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 9 from from IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 11 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 12 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 13 genomic genomic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 14 data datum NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 16 Table table NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 17 1 1 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 20 8 8 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 21 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 22 10 10 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 24 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 25 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 26 suggest suggest VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 27 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 28 both both DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 29 approaches approach NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 30 might may MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 31 provide provide VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 32 roughly roughly RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 33 similar similar JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 34 results result NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 52 35 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 2 next next RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 3 used use VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 5 approach approach NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 6 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 7 estimate estimate VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 8 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 9 onset onset NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 10 date date NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 11 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 12 local local JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 13 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 14 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 15 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 16 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 17 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 18 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 19 Western Western NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 20 Europe Europe NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 53 21 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 2 findings finding NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 4 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 5 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 6 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 7 might may MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 8 have have VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 9 started start VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 10 around around IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 11 middle middle JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 12 January January NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 13 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 14 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 15 Italy Italy NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 16 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 17 between between IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 18 late late JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 19 January January NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 20 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 21 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 22 February February NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 23 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 24 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 25 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 26 remaining remain VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 27 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 29 Figure figure NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 30 1 1 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 54 32 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 1 In in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 2 some some DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 3 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 5 Italy Italy NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 6 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 7 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 9 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 10 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 11 was be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 12 traced trace VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 13 long long RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 14 before before RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 16 2 2 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 17 - - SYM cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 18 4 4 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 19 weeks week NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 55 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 1 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 2 first first JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 3 confirmed confirm VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 5 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 6 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 7 infection infection NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 8 case case NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 9 ; ; : cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 10 while while IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 11 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 12 others other NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 14 Spain Spain NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 15 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 16 France France NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 17 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 18 United United NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 19 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 20 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 21 Germany Germany NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 22 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 23 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 24 Belgium Belgium NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 26 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 27 onset onset NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 28 date date NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 29 roughly roughly RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 30 coincides coincide VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 31 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 32 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 33 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 34 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 35 detection detection NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 36 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 37 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 38 first first JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 39 imported import VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 40 cases case NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 42 Figure figure NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 43 1 1 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 56 45 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 1 In in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 2 all all DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 3 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 4 analyzed analyze VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 5 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 6 however however RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 7 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 8 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 9 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 10 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 11 probably probably RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 12 started start VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 13 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 14 spread spread VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 15 locally locally RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 16 long long RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 17 before before IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 18 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 19 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 20 was be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 21 officially officially RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 22 recognized recognize VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 23 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 24 control control NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 25 measures measure NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 26 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 27 social social JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 28 distancing distancing NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 29 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 30 air air NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 31 travel travel NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 32 restrictions restriction NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 33 were be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 34 implemented implement VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 36 Table table NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 37 1 1 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 57 39 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 1 Of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 2 note note NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 3 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 5 estimation estimation NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 6 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 7 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 8 onset onset NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 9 date date NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 10 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 11 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 12 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 13 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 15 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 16 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 17 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 18 European european JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 19 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 20 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 21 consistent consistent JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 22 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 23 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 24 estimated estimate VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 25 T T NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 26 MRCA MRCA NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 27 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 28 some some DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 29 European european JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 30 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 31 European european JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 32 / / SYM cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 33 American american JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 34 clades clade NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 35 like like IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 36 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 58 37 A1a a1a XX cord-285168-qkadqohe 59 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 59 2 28 28 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 59 3 th th CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 59 4 January January NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 59 5 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 1 19 19 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 2 th th CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 3 January January NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 4 -17 -17 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 5 th th DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 6 February February NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 8 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 9 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 10 A2a a2a NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 12 25 25 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 13 th th CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 14 January January NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 60 15 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 61 1 19 19 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 61 2 th th CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 61 3 January January NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 61 4 -2 -2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 61 5 nd nd NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 61 6 February February NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 61 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 61 8 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 62 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 62 2 10 10 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 62 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 1 These these DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 2 results result NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 4 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 5 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 6 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 7 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 8 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 9 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 10 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 11 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 12 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 13 Europe Europe NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 14 could could MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 15 have have VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 16 been be VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 17 fueled fuel VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 18 by by IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 19 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 20 rapid rapid JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 21 dissemination dissemination NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 22 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 23 few few JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 24 regional regional JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 25 clades clade NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 63 26 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 1 South South NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 2 America America NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 3 was be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 4 one one CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 5 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 6 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 7 last last JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 8 geographic geographic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 9 regions region NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 10 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 11 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 12 world world NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 13 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 14 declare declare VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 15 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 16 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 17 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 18 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 19 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 20 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 64 21 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 2 study study NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 3 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 4 however however RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 5 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 6 supports support VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 7 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 8 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 9 virus virus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 10 started start VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 11 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 12 spread spread VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 13 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 14 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 15 at at IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 16 around around IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 17 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 18 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 19 February February NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 65 20 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 66 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 66 2 Figure figure NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 66 3 1 1 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 66 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 66 5 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 66 6 thus thus RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 66 7 coinciding coincide VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 66 8 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 66 9 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 66 10 epidemic epidemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 66 11 expansion expansion NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 66 12 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 67 1 CC CC NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 67 2 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 67 3 BY BY NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 67 4 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 67 5 NC NC NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 67 6 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 67 7 ND ND NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 67 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 67 9 International international JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 67 10 license license NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 68 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 68 2 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 68 3 made make VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 68 4 available available JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 68 5 under under IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 68 6 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 1 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 2 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 3 author author NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 4 / / SYM cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 5 funder funder NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 6 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 7 who who WP cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 8 has have VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 9 granted grant VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 11 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 12 license license NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 13 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 14 display display VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 15 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 16 preprint preprint NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 17 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 69 19 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 2 copyright copyright NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 3 holder holder NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 4 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 5 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 6 preprint preprint NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 7 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 8 version version NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 9 posted post VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 10 April April NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 11 23 23 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 12 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 13 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 14 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 70 15 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 71 1 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04 UH cord-285168-qkadqohe 71 2 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 72 1 20.20073007 20.20073007 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 72 2 doi doi NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 72 3 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 2 preprint preprint NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 3 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 4 North North NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 5 America America NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 6 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 7 Western Western NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 8 Europe Europe NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 9 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 10 preceding precede VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 11 by by IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 12 more more JJR cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 13 than than IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 14 20 20 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 15 days day NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 16 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 17 first first JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 18 confirmed confirm VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 19 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 20 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 21 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 22 infection infection NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 23 case case NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 24 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 25 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 26 country country NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 28 Table table NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 29 1 1 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 73 31 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 74 1 According accord VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 74 2 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 74 3 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 74 4 recent recent JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 74 5 report report NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 74 6 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 74 7 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 74 8 InfoGripe InfoGripe NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 74 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 74 10 http://info.gripe.fiocruz.br http://info.gripe.fiocruz.br NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 74 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 1 -a -a : cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 2 system system NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 3 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 4 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 5 Fundação Fundação NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 6 Oswaldo Oswaldo NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 7 Cruz Cruz NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 9 Fiocruz Fiocruz NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 11 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 12 weekly weekly JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 13 monitor monitor VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 14 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 15 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 16 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 17 hospitalizations hospitalization NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 18 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 19 patients patient NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 20 who who WP cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 21 have have VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 22 had have VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 23 symptoms symptom NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 24 such such JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 25 as as IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 26 fever fever NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 27 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 28 cough cough NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 29 or or CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 30 sore sore JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 31 throat throat NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 32 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 33 difficulty difficulty NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 34 breathing breathe VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 35 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 75 36 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 76 1 -the -the NFP cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 1 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 2 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 3 such such JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 4 cases case NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 5 started start VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 6 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 7 increase increase VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 8 above above IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 9 levels level NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 10 observed observe VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 11 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 12 2019 2019 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 13 since since IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 14 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 15 middle middle JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 16 February February NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 17 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 77 18 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 2 18 18 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 4 More more RBR cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 5 importantly importantly RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 6 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 7 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 8 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 9 retrospective retrospective JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 10 cases case NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 11 that that WDT cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 12 tested test VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 13 positive positive JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 14 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 15 some some DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 16 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 17 virus virus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 18 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 19 nine nine CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 20 cases case NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 21 were be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 22 identified identify VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 23 as as IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 24 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 25 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 26 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 27 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 28 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 29 eight eight CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 30 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 31 week week NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 32 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 33 between between IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 34 16th 16th NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 35 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 36 22nd 22nd JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 37 February February NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 39 https://covid.saude.gov.br/ https://covid.saude.gov.br/ NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 78 41 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 1 These these DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 2 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 3 data datum NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 4 fully fully RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 5 agree agree VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 6 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 8 estimation estimation NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 9 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 10 clearly clearly RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 11 support support VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 12 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 14 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 15 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 16 was be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 17 already already RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 18 circulating circulate VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 19 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 20 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 21 Brazilian brazilian JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 22 population population NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 23 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 24 some some DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 25 weeks week NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 26 before before IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 27 being be VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 28 detected detect VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 29 on on IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 30 26th 26th JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 31 February February NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 32 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 79 33 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 2 findings finding NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 3 support support VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 4 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 5 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 6 except except IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 7 Italy Italy NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 8 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 9 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 10 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 11 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 12 started start VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 13 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 14 spread spread VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 15 locally locally RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 16 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 17 several several JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 18 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 19 from from IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 20 Western Western NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 21 Europe Europe NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 22 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 23 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 24 Americas Americas NNPS cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 25 at at IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 26 around around IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 27 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 28 same same JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 29 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 80 30 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 81 1 Despite despite IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 81 2 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 81 3 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 81 4 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 81 5 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 81 6 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 81 7 seem seem VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 81 8 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 81 9 be be VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 81 10 quite quite RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 81 11 different different JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 81 12 across across IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 81 13 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 81 14 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 1 Among among IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 2 those those DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 3 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 4 where where WRB cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 6 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 7 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 8 started start VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 9 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 10 spread spread VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 11 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 12 late late JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 13 January January NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 14 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 15 Spain Spain NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 16 passed pass VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 17 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 18 milestone milestone NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 19 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 20 1,000 1,000 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 21 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 22 earlier early RBR cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 24 20th 20th JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 25 March March NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 27 than than IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 28 France France NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 30 24th 24th JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 31 March March NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 33 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 34 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 35 UK UK NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 37 27th 27th JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 38 March March NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 40 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 41 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 43 31th 31th JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 44 March March NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 46 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 47 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 48 Germany Germany NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 50 3rd 3rd JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 51 April April NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 82 53 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 83 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 83 2 3 3 LS cord-285168-qkadqohe 83 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 2 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 3 among among IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 4 those those DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 5 regions region NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 6 where where WRB cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 7 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 8 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 9 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 10 started start VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 11 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 12 spread spread VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 13 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 14 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 15 February February NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 16 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 17 New New NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 18 York York NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 20 30th 30th JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 21 March March NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 23 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 24 Belgium Belgium NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 26 2nd 2nd JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 27 April April NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 29 reached reach VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 30 1,000 1,000 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 31 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 32 much much RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 33 earlier early RBR cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 34 than than IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 35 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 37 10th 10th JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 38 April April NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 84 40 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 85 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 85 2 3 3 LS cord-285168-qkadqohe 85 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 1 Some some DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 2 studies study NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 3 support support VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 4 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 5 mortality mortality NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 6 rate rate NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 7 might may MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 8 vary vary VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 9 across across IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 10 regions region NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 11 according accord VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 12 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 13 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 14 availability availability NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 15 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 16 health health NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 17 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 18 care care NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 19 facilities facility NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 20 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 21 underlying underlie VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 22 demography demography NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 23 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 24 environmental environmental JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 25 factors factor NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 27 average average JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 28 temperature temperature NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 29 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 30 precipitation precipitation NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 31 seasonality seasonality NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 32 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 33 levels level NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 34 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 35 air air NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 36 pollution pollution NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 86 38 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 2 13 13 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 3 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 5 19 19 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 8 20 20 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 11 21 21 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 14 22 22 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 16 Early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 17 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 18 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 19 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 20 reported reported JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 21 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 22 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 23 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 24 may may MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 25 also also RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 26 be be VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 27 influenced influence VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 28 by by IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 29 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 30 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 31 when when WRB cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 32 local local JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 33 social social JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 34 distancing distance VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 35 measures measure NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 36 were be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 37 implemented implement VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 39 Table table NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 40 1 1 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 42 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 43 by by IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 44 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 45 percentage percentage NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 46 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 47 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 48 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 49 laboratory laboratory NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 50 confirmation confirmation NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 51 within within IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 52 each each DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 53 country country NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 87 54 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 2 narrow narrow JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 3 confidence confidence NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 4 intervals interval NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 5 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 7 estimates estimate NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 8 should should MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 9 be be VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 10 interpreted interpret VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 11 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 12 caution caution NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 13 because because IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 14 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 15 method method NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 16 does do VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 17 not not RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 18 account account VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 19 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 20 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 21 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 22 geographic geographic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 23 variability variability NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 24 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 25 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 26 mortality mortality NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 27 rate rate NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 28 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 29 lag lag NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 30 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 31 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 32 between between IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 33 infection infection NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 34 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 35 death death NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 88 36 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 89 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 89 2 13 13 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 89 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 90 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 90 2 14 14 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 90 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 1 As as IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 2 more more RBR cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 3 clinical clinical JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 4 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 5 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 6 data data NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 7 becomes become VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 8 available available JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 9 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 11 will will MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 12 be be VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 13 possible possible JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 14 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 15 refine refine VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 16 these these DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 17 estimates estimate NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 18 by by IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 19 using use VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 20 more more RBR cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 21 accurate accurate JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 22 regionally regionally RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 23 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 24 specific specific JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 25 parameters parameter NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 91 26 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 1 Despite despite IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 2 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 3 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 4 data datum NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 5 from from IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 6 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 7 that that WDT cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 8 implement implement VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 9 wide wide JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 10 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 11 scale scale NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 12 testing testing NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 13 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 15 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 16 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 17 since since IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 18 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 19 beginning beginning NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 20 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 21 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 22 outbreak outbreak NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 23 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 24 including include VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 25 people people NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 26 who who WP cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 27 have have VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 28 mild mild JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 29 or or CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 92 30 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 93 1 CC CC NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 93 2 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 93 3 BY BY NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 93 4 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 93 5 NC NC NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 93 6 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 93 7 ND ND NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 93 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 93 9 International international JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 93 10 license license NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 94 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 94 2 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 94 3 made make VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 94 4 available available JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 94 5 under under IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 94 6 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 1 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 2 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 3 author author NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 4 / / SYM cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 5 funder funder NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 6 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 7 who who WP cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 8 has have VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 9 granted grant VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 11 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 12 license license NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 13 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 14 display display VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 15 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 16 preprint preprint NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 17 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 95 19 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 2 copyright copyright NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 3 holder holder NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 4 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 5 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 6 preprint preprint NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 7 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 8 version version NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 9 posted post VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 10 April April NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 11 23 23 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 12 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 13 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 14 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 96 15 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 1 no no DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 2 symptoms symptom NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 3 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 4 supports support VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 5 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 6 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 7 mortality mortality NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 8 rate rate NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 9 will will MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 10 probably probably RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 11 not not RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 12 exceed exceed VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 13 1 1 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 14 % % NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 15 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 16 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 17 total total JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 18 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 19 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 20 infected infected JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 21 individuals individual NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 97 22 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 98 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 98 2 23 23 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 98 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 1 Hence hence RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 2 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 3 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 4 estimates estimate NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 5 presented present VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 6 here here RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 7 should should MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 8 be be VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 9 closer close JJR cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 10 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 11 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 12 upper upper JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 13 limit limit NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 14 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 15 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 16 likely likely JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 17 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 18 range range NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 19 when when WRB cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 20 virus virus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 21 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 22 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 23 has have VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 24 started start VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 99 25 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 1 Another another DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 2 limitation limitation NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 3 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 4 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 6 method method NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 7 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 8 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 9 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 10 underestimation underestimation NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 11 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 12 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 13 true true JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 14 number number NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 15 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 16 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 17 from from IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 18 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 19 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 20 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 21 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 22 should should MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 23 thus thus RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 24 be be VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 25 used use VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 26 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 27 caution caution NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 28 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 29 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 30 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 31 limited limited JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 32 capacity capacity NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 33 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 34 testing testing NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 35 and/or and/or CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 36 substantially substantially RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 37 delayed delay VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 38 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 39 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 40 report report NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 41 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 42 deaths death NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 100 43 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 1 In in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 2 summary summary NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 3 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 5 results result NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 6 support support VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 7 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 8 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 9 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 10 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 11 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 12 - - : cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 13 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 14 probably probably RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 15 started start VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 16 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 17 many many JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 18 western western JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 19 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 20 between between IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 21 middle middle JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 22 January January NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 23 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 24 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 25 February February NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 26 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 27 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 28 thus thus RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 29 long long RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 30 before before IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 31 control control NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 32 measures measure NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 33 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 34 restrict restrict VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 35 air air NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 36 travels travel NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 37 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 38 promote promote VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 39 social social JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 40 distancing distancing NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 41 were be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 42 implemented implement VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 101 43 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 1 That that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 2 quite quite RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 3 long long JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 4 period period NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 5 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 6 cryptic cryptic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 7 community community NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 8 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 10 > > NFP cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 11 4 4 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 12 weeks week NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 14 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 15 all all DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 16 analyzed analyze VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 17 countries country NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 18 draws draw VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 19 attention attention NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 20 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 21 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 22 great great JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 23 challenge challenge NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 24 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 25 tracking track VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 26 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 27 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 28 global global JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 29 spread spread NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 30 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 31 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 32 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 33 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 34 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 35 supports support VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 36 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 37 control control NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 38 measures measure NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 39 should should MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 40 be be VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 41 adopted adopt VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 42 at at IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 43 least least JJS cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 44 as as RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 45 soon soon RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 46 as as IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 47 first first JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 48 imported import VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 49 cases case NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 50 are be VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 51 detected detect VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 52 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 53 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 54 new new JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 55 geographic geographic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 56 region region NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 102 57 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 1 This this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 2 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 3 especially especially RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 4 important important JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 5 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 6 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 7 light light NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 8 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 9 studies study NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 10 showing show VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 11 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 12 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 13 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 14 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 15 very very RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 16 likely likely RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 17 will will MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 18 enter enter VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 19 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 20 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 21 regular regular JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 22 circulation circulation NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 23 after after IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 24 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 25 initial initial JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 26 pandemic pandemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 27 wave wave NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 28 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 29 causing cause VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 30 recurrent recurrent JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 31 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 32 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 33 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 34 next next JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 35 years year NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 36 whose whose WP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 37 frequency frequency NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 38 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 39 intensity intensity NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 40 are be VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 41 dependent dependent JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 42 upon upon IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 43 virus virus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 44 ' ' POS cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 45 biological biological JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 46 features feature NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 47 still still RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 48 not not RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 49 well well RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 50 understood understand VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 51 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 52 like like IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 53 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 54 duration duration NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 55 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 56 immunity immunity NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 57 that that IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 58 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 59 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 60 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 61 can can MD cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 62 induce induce VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 103 63 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 104 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 104 2 24 24 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 104 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 1 In in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 2 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 3 scenario scenario NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 4 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 5 intense intense JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 6 virological virological JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 7 surveillance surveillance NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 8 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 9 pivotal pivotal JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 10 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 11 early early RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 12 detect detect VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 13 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 14 virus virus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 15 re re NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 16 - - NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 17 emergence emergence NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 18 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 19 informing inform VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 20 systems system NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 21 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 22 contact contact NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 23 tracing tracing NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 24 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 25 providing provide VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 26 evidence evidence NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 27 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 28 carry carry VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 29 out out RP cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 30 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 31 control control NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 32 measures measure NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 33 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 105 34 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 106 1 CC CC NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 106 2 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 106 3 BY BY NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 106 4 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 106 5 NC NC NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 106 6 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 106 7 ND ND NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 106 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 106 9 International international JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 106 10 license license NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 107 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 107 2 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 107 3 made make VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 107 4 available available JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 107 5 under under IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 107 6 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 1 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 2 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 3 author author NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 4 / / SYM cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 5 funder funder NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 6 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 7 who who WP cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 8 has have VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 9 granted grant VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 11 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 12 license license NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 13 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 14 display display VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 15 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 16 preprint preprint NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 17 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 108 19 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 109 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 109 2 which which WDT cord-285168-qkadqohe 109 3 was be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 109 4 not not RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 109 5 certified certify VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 109 6 by by IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 109 7 peer peer NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 109 8 review review NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 109 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 2 copyright copyright NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 3 holder holder NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 4 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 5 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 6 preprint preprint NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 7 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 8 version version NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 9 posted post VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 10 April April NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 11 23 23 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 12 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 13 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 14 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 15 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 110 16 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 111 1 CC CC NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 111 2 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 111 3 BY BY NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 111 4 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 111 5 NC NC NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 111 6 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 111 7 ND ND NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 111 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 111 9 International international JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 111 10 license license NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 112 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-285168-qkadqohe 112 2 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 112 3 made make VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 112 4 available available JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 112 5 under under IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 112 6 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 1 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 2 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 3 author author NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 4 / / SYM cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 5 funder funder NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 6 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 7 who who WP cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 8 has have VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 9 granted grant VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 11 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 12 license license NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 13 to to TO cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 14 display display VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 15 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 16 preprint preprint NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 17 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 113 19 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 114 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 114 2 which which WDT cord-285168-qkadqohe 114 3 was be VBD cord-285168-qkadqohe 114 4 not not RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 114 5 certified certify VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 114 6 by by IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 114 7 peer peer NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 114 8 review review NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 114 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 2 copyright copyright NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 3 holder holder NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 4 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 5 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 6 preprint preprint NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 7 this this DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 8 version version NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 9 posted post VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 10 April April NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 11 23 23 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 12 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 13 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 14 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 115 15 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 116 1 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.20073007 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.20073007 NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 116 2 doi doi NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 116 3 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 117 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 117 2 preprint preprint NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 117 3 A a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 117 4 new new JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 117 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 117 6 associated associate VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 117 7 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 117 8 human human JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 117 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 117 10 disease disease NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 117 11 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 117 12 China China NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 118 1 A a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 118 2 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 118 3 outbreak outbreak NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 118 4 associated associate VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 118 5 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 118 6 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 118 7 new new JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 118 8 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 118 9 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 118 10 probable probable JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 118 11 bat bat NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 118 12 origin origin NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 1 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 2 CORONAVIRUS CORONAVIRUS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 3 PANDEMIC pandemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 4 First First NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 5 Case Case NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 6 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 7 2019 2019 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 8 Novel Novel NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 9 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 10 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 11 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 12 United United NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 13 States States NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 14 Clinical Clinical NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 15 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 16 virological virological JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 17 data datum NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 18 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 19 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 20 first first JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 21 cases case NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 22 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 23 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 24 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 25 Europe Europe NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 26 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 27 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 28 case case NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 29 series series NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 30 WHO who WP cord-285168-qkadqohe 119 31 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 120 1 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 120 2 disease disease NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 120 3 2019 2019 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 121 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 121 2 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 121 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 121 4 Situation Situation NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 121 5 Report Report NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 121 6 -39 -39 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 121 7 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 1 Available available JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 2 from from IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 3 Substantial substantial JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 4 undocumented undocumented JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 5 infection infection NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 6 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 7 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 8 rapid rapid JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 9 dissemination dissemination NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 10 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 11 novel novel JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 15 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 16 CoV2 CoV2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 122 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-285168-qkadqohe 123 1 Genomic genomic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 123 2 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 123 3 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 123 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 123 5 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 123 6 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 123 7 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 123 8 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 123 9 Province Province NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 123 10 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 123 11 China China NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 123 12 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 2 Early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 3 Transmission Transmission NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 4 Dynamics Dynamics NNPS cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 5 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 6 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 7 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 8 China China NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 9 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 10 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 11 Novel Novel NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 12 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 13 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 14 Infected infect VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 15 Pneumonia Pneumonia NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 16 Introductions Introductions NNPS cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 17 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 18 early early JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 19 spread spread NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 20 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 21 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 22 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 23 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 24 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 25 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 26 New New NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 27 York York NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 28 City City NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 29 area area NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 124 30 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 2 A a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 3 snapshot snapshot NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 4 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 6 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 7 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 8 genome genome NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 9 availability availability NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 10 up up IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 11 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 12 30th 30th JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 13 March March NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 14 , , , cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 15 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 16 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 18 implications implication NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 125 19 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 126 1 bioRxiv biorxiv RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 1 Why why WRB cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 2 daily daily JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 3 death death NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 4 tolls toll NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 5 have have VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 6 become become VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 7 unusually unusually RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 8 important important JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 9 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 10 understanding understand VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 11 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 13 pandemic pandemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 14 Estimates estimate NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 15 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 16 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 17 severity severity NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 18 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 19 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 20 disease disease NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 21 2019 2019 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 127 22 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 1 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 2 model model NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 3 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 4 based base VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 5 analysis analysis NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 6 Incubation Incubation NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 7 Period Period NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 8 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 9 Other other JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 10 Epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 11 Characteristics characteristic NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 12 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 13 2019 2019 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 14 Novel Novel NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 15 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 16 Infections Infections NNPS cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 17 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 18 Right Right NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 19 Truncation truncation NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 20 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 21 A a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 22 Statistical Statistical NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 23 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 24 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 25 Publicly publicly RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 26 Available Available NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 27 Case Case NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 28 Data Data NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 29 High High NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 30 Contagiousness Contagiousness NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 31 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 32 Rapid Rapid NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 33 Spread Spread NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 34 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 35 Severe severe JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 36 Acute acute JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 37 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 38 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 39 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 40 2 2 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 128 41 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 1 Emerg Emerg NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 2 Infect infect VB cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 3 Dis Dis NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 4 Estimating estimate VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 5 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 6 Growth growth NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 7 Rate rate NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 8 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 9 Doubling double VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 10 Time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 11 for for IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 12 Short Short NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 13 - - HYPH cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 14 Term Term NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 15 Prediction Prediction NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 16 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 17 Monitoring Monitoring NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 18 Trend Trend NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 19 During during IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 20 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 21 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 22 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 23 with with IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 24 a a DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 25 SAS SAS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 26 Macro Macro NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 129 27 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 2 Challenges challenge NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 3 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 4 control control NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 5 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 6 Covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 7 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 8 short short JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 9 doubling double VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 10 time time NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 11 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 12 long long JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 13 delay delay NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 14 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 15 effect effect NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 16 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 17 interventions intervention NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 130 18 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 2 Brazilian Brazilian NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 3 Ministry Ministry NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 4 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 5 Health Health NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 6 Exposure Exposure NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 7 to to IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 8 air air NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 9 pollution pollution NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 10 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 11 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 12 mortality mortality NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 13 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 14 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 15 United United NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 16 States States NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 131 17 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 2 Relationship relationship NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 3 between between IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 4 Average Average NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 5 Daily Daily NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 6 Temperature Temperature NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 7 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 8 Average Average NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 9 Cumulative cumulative JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 10 Daily Daily NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 11 Rate rate NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 12 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 13 Confirmed confirm VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 14 Cases case NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 15 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 16 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 132 17 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 133 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 133 2 Global Global NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 133 3 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 1 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 2 rate rate NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 3 is be VBZ cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 4 influenced influence VBN cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 5 by by IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 6 precipitation precipitation NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 7 seasonality seasonality NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 8 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 9 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 10 speed speed NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 11 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 12 climate climate NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 13 temperature temperature NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 14 warming warming NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 134 15 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 135 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 135 2 Temperature temperature NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 135 3 Significantly significantly RB cord-285168-qkadqohe 135 4 Change change VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 135 5 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 135 6 Transmission Transmission NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 135 7 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 135 8 429 429 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 135 9 cities city NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 135 10 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 2 Making make VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 3 sense sense NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 4 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 5 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 6 Global Global NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 7 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 8 Data Data NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 9 : : : cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 10 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 11 role role NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 12 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 13 testing test VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 14 rates rate NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 15 in in IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 16 understanding understand VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 17 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 19 and and CC cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 20 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 21 exit exit NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 22 strategy strategy NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 136 23 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 137 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 137 2 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 138 1 2020 2020 CD cord-285168-qkadqohe 138 2 Projecting project VBG cord-285168-qkadqohe 138 3 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 138 4 transmission transmission NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 138 5 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 138 6 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 138 7 SARS SARS NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 138 8 - - : cord-285168-qkadqohe 138 9 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-285168-qkadqohe 138 10 through through IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 138 11 the the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 138 12 postpandemic postpandemic JJ cord-285168-qkadqohe 138 13 period period NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 139 1 The the DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 139 2 authors author NNS cord-285168-qkadqohe 139 3 declare declare VBP cord-285168-qkadqohe 139 4 no no DT cord-285168-qkadqohe 139 5 conflict conflict NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 139 6 of of IN cord-285168-qkadqohe 139 7 interest interest NN cord-285168-qkadqohe 139 8 . . . cord-285168-qkadqohe 139 9 _SP