id sid tid token lemma pos cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 1 key key JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 2 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 3 cord-311807-o7d2yure cord-311807-o7d2yure JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 4 authors author NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 5 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 6 Abdelsalam Abdelsalam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 8 Omneya Omneya NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 9 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 10 Chantziaras Chantziaras NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 11 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 12 Antonios Antonios NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 13 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 14 Omoteso Omoteso NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 16 Kamil Kamil NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 17 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 18 Ibrahim Ibrahim NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 20 Masud Masud NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 21 title title NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 22 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 23 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 24 Impact Impact NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 25 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 26 Religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 27 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 28 Earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 29 Quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 30 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 31 International International NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 32 Evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 33 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 34 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 35 Banking Banking NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 36 Sector Sector NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 37 date date NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 38 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 39 2020 2020 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 40 - - SYM cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 41 10 10 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 42 - - SYM cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 43 02 02 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 44 journal journal NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 45 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 46 nan nan NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 47 DOI DOI NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 48 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 49 10.1016 10.1016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 50 / / SYM cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 51 j.bar.2020.100957 j.bar.2020.100957 NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 52 sha sha NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 1 53 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 2 1 cb90fe2637d6f7fd477f67415f996f90e24e255b cb90fe2637d6f7fd477f67415f996f90e24e255b NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 2 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 2 3 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 2 4 311807 311807 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 2 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 2 6 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 2 7 o7d2yure o7d2yure . cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 2 examine examine VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 4 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 6 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 7 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 8 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 9 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 10 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 11 utilising utilise VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 12 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 13 global global JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 14 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 16 1,283 1,283 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 17 listed list VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 18 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 19 headquartered headquarter VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 20 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 21 39 39 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 22 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 23 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 24 covering cover VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 25 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 26 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 27 2002–2018 2002–2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 3 28 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 1 Using use VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 2 instrumental instrumental JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 3 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 4 two two CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 5 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 6 stage stage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 7 least least JJS cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 8 squares square NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 9 regressions regression NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 10 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 12 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 13 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 14 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 15 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 16 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 17 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 18 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 19 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 20 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 21 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 22 ’ ’ POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 23 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 24 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 4 25 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 2 further further RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 3 show show VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 4 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 6 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 8 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 9 becomes become VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 10 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 11 pronounced pronounced JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 12 among among IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 13 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 14 headquartered headquarter VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 15 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 16 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 17 where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 18 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 19 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 20 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 21 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 22 element element NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 23 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 24 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 25 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 26 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 27 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 28 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 29 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 30 weak weak JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 31 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 32 protection protection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 5 33 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 2 show show VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 3 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 5 effects effect NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 7 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 8 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 9 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 10 intense intense JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 11 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 13 global global JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 14 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 15 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 16 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 6 17 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 1 Overall overall RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 3 these these DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 4 findings finding NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 5 support support VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 7 notion notion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 8 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 9 high high JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 10 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 11 tends tend VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 12 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 13 reduce reduce VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 14 unethical unethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 15 activities activity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 16 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 17 managers manager NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 18 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 19 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 20 function function VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 21 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 22 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 23 alternative alternative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 24 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 25 mechanism mechanism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 26 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 27 minimising minimise VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 28 agency agency NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 29 costs cost NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 7 30 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 8 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 8 2 empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 8 3 investigation investigation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 8 4 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 8 5 robust robust JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 8 6 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 8 7 alternative alternative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 8 8 model model NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 8 9 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 8 10 specification specification NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 8 11 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 3 last last JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 4 decades decade NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 7 recurrent recurrent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 8 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 9 collapses collapse NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 10 have have VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 11 given give VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 12 rise rise NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 13 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 14 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 15 wave wave NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 16 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 17 criticism criticism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 18 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 19 regard regard NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 20 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 22 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 23 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 24 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 25 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 26 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 27 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 28 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 29 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 30 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 31 conventional conventional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 32 governance governance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 33 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 34 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 35 structures structure NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 37 Tonoyan Tonoyan NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 38 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 39 Strohmeyer Strohmeyer NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 40 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 41 Habib Habib NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 42 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 43 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 44 Perlitz Perlitz NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 45 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 46 2010 2010 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 9 48 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 1 At at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 3 same same JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 4 time time NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 6 academic academic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 7 interest interest NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 8 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 9 been be VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 10 directed direct VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 11 toward toward IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 12 exploring explore VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 14 roles role NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 16 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 17 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 19 especially especially RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 20 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 21 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 22 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 23 influencing influence VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 24 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 25 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 26 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 27 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 28 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 29 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 30 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 31 reporting reporting NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 33 see see VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 34 Callen Callen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 35 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 36 Morel Morel NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 37 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 38 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 39 Richardson Richardson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 40 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 41 2011 2011 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 42 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 43 Kanagaretnam Kanagaretnam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 44 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 45 Lobo Lobo NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 46 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 47 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 48 Wang Wang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 49 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 50 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 10 52 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 11 1 1 1 LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 1 Previous previous JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 2 researchers researcher NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 3 have have VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 4 shown show VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 5 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 6 high high JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 7 levels level NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 9 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 10 affect affect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 11 managers manager NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 12 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 14 organisations organisation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 15 they -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 12 16 control control VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 2 Leventis Leventis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 4 Dedoulis Dedoulis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 6 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 7 Abdelsalam Abdelsalam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 9 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 10 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 11 Longenecker Longenecker NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 13 McKinney McKinney NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 14 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 15 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 16 Moore Moore NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 18 2004 2004 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 19 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 20 McCullough McCullough NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 21 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 22 Willoughby Willoughby NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 23 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 24 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 25 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 26 McGuire McGuire NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 28 Omer Omer NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 29 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 30 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 31 Sharp Sharp NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 32 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 33 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 34 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 35 Vitell Vitell NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 36 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 37 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 38 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 39 Abdelsalam Abdelsalam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 40 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 41 Duygun Duygun NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 42 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 43 Matallín Matallín NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 44 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 45 Sáez Sáez NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 46 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 47 Tortosa Tortosa NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 48 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 49 Ausina Ausina NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 50 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 51 2017 2017 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 53 since since IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 54 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 55 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 56 convert convert VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 57 emotions emotion NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 58 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 59 guilt guilt NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 60 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 61 shame shame NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 62 into into IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 63 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 64 sense sense NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 65 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 66 accountability accountability NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 67 among among IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 68 actors actor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 69 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 70 directing direct VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 71 them -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 72 towards towards IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 73 choosing choose VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 74 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 75 decision decision NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 76 making making NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 77 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 13 78 2 2 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 1 However however RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 3 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 4 few few JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 5 questions question NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 6 remain remain VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 7 unexplored unexplored JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 8 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 10 a a LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 12 Does do VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 13 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 14 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 15 differ differ VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 16 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 17 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 18 where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 19 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 20 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 21 part part NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 22 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 24 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 25 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 26 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 27 therefore therefore RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 28 adherence adherence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 29 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 30 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 31 pronounced pronounced JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 14 32 ? ? . cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 2 b b NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 4 Does do VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 6 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 8 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 9 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 10 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 11 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 12 differ differ VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 13 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 14 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 15 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 16 accordance accordance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 17 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 19 strength strength NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 20 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 21 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 22 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 15 23 ? ? . cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 2 c c NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 4 Does do VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 6 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 8 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 9 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 10 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 11 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 12 differ differ VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 13 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 14 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 15 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 16 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 16 17 ? ? . cord-311807-o7d2yure 17 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 17 2 paper paper NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 17 3 aims aim VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 17 4 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 17 5 fill fill VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 17 6 these these DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 17 7 gaps gap NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 17 8 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 2 argue argue VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 3 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 4 although although IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 6 influence influence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 8 these these DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 9 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 10 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 11 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 12 may may MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 13 function function VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 14 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 15 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 16 similar similar JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 17 manner manner NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 18 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 19 different different JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 20 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 22 see see VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 23 Gallego Gallego NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 24 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 25 Alvarez Alvarez NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 26 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 27 Rodríguez Rodríguez NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 28 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 29 Domínguez Domínguez NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 31 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 32 Martín Martín NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 33 Vallejo Vallejo NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 34 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 35 2020 2020 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 36 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 37 Horak Horak NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 38 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 39 Yang Yang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 40 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 41 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 42 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 43 Leventis Leventis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 44 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 45 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 46 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 47 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 48 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 50 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 51 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 52 magnitude magnitude NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 53 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 54 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 55 influence influence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 56 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 57 shaping shape VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 58 economic economic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 59 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 60 differs differ VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 61 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 62 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 18 63 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 3 due due JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 4 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 6 varying vary VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 7 levels level NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 9 adherence adherence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 10 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 11 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 12 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 13 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 15 different different JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 16 qualities quality NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 18 institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 19 governance governance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 20 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 21 nations nation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 23 Halikiopoulou Halikiopoulou NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 24 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 25 Vasilopoulou Vasilopoulou NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 26 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 27 2013 2013 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 28 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 29 North North NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 31 1994 1994 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 19 33 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 2 classic classic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 3 sociological sociological JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 4 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 5 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 7 1930s 1930 NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 8 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 9 early early JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 10 1960s 1960 NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 12 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 14 Blake Blake NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 15 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 16 Davis Davis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 18 1964 1964 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 19 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 20 LaPiere LaPiere NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 21 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 22 1954 1954 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 23 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 24 Parsons Parsons NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 26 1937 1937 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 28 suggests suggest VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 29 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 30 certain certain JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 31 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 32 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 33 normative normative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 34 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 35 it -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 36 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 37 socially socially RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 38 requested request VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 39 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 40 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 41 considered consider VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 42 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 20 43 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 2 also also RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 3 show show VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 4 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 6 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 8 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 9 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 10 varies vary VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 11 depending depend VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 12 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 14 perceived perceive VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 15 importance importance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 16 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 18 significance significance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 19 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 20 groups group NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 21 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 22 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 23 nations nation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 24 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 25 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 21 26 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 1 When when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 2 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 3 becomes become VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 4 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 5 integral integral JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 6 part part NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 8 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 9 community community NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 10 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 11 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 12 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 13 nation nation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 14 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 15 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 18 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 19 institutionalised institutionalised JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 20 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 21 generates generate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 22 influential influential JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 23 collective collective JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 24 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 26 Llobera Llobera NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 28 1994 1994 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 22 30 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 2 addition addition NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 4 North North NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 6 1994 1994 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 8 notes note VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 9 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 10 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 11 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 12 act act VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 13 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 14 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 15 complement complement NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 16 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 17 conventional conventional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 18 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 19 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 20 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 21 especially especially RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 22 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 24 latter latter JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 25 become become VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 26 less less RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 27 effective effective JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 23 28 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 1 Empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 2 investigations investigation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 3 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 4 supportive supportive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 6 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 7 notion notion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 8 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 9 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 10 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 11 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 12 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 13 play play VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 14 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 15 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 16 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 17 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 18 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 19 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 20 weak weak JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 21 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 22 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 23 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 24 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 25 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 26 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 27 protection protection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 28 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 29 law law NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 30 enforcement enforcement NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 32 see see VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 33 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 34 example example NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 35 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 36 Ang Ang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 37 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 38 Cheng Cheng NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 39 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 40 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 41 Wu Wu NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 42 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 43 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 44 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 45 Guiso Guiso NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 46 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 47 Sapienza Sapienza NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 48 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 49 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 50 Zingales Zingales NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 51 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 52 2004 2004 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 53 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 54 Qian Qian NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 55 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 56 Cao Cao NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 57 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 58 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 59 Cao Cao NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 60 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 61 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 24 63 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 25 1 For for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 25 2 instance instance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 25 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 25 4 empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 25 5 evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 25 6 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 25 7 Italy Italy NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 2 Guiso Guiso NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 3 et et FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 4 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 5 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 7 2004 2004 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 10 China China NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 12 Ang Ang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 13 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 14 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 15 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 17 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 19 indicates indicate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 20 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 21 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 22 impacts impact NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 23 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 24 decision decision NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 25 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 26 making make VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 27 frameworks framework NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 28 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 29 although although IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 30 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 31 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 32 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 33 such such PDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 34 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 35 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 36 varies vary VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 37 depending depend VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 38 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 39 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 40 strength strength NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 41 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 42 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 43 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 44 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 45 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 46 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 26 47 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 1 Surveys survey NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 2 show show VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 3 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 4 nearly nearly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 5 84 84 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 6 per per NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 7 cent cent NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 10 global global JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 11 population population NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 12 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 13 associated associate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 14 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 15 faith faith NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 16 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 17 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 18 beliefs belief NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 20 Sherwood Sherwood NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 21 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 22 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 27 24 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 3 also also RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 4 argued argue VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 5 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 6 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 7 large large JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 8 number number NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 10 people people NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 11 become become VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 12 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 13 spiritual spiritual JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 14 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 15 crises crisis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 17 Orman Orman NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 19 2019 2019 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 21 due due IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 22 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 24 fear fear NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 25 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 26 socio socio JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 27 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 28 economic economic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 29 consequences consequence NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 31 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 32 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 33 job job NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 34 losses loss NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 35 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 36 poverty poverty NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 37 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 38 depression depression NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 39 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 40 slow slow JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 41 growth growth NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 42 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 43 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 44 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 45 other other JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 46 associated associate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 47 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 28 48 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 1 3 3 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 2 Under under IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 3 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 4 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 6 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 7 plays play VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 8 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 9 key key JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 10 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 11 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 12 strengthening strengthen VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 13 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 14 solidarity solidarity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 15 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 16 deploying deploy VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 17 strategies strategy NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 18 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 19 deal deal VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 20 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 21 adversities adversity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 23 Norenzayan Norenzayan NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 24 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 25 Hansen Hansen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 26 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 27 2006 2006 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 28 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 29 Pargament Pargament NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 31 Tarakeshwar Tarakeshwar NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 32 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 33 Ellison Ellison NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 34 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 35 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 36 Wulff Wulff NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 37 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 38 2001 2001 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 29 40 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 30 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 30 2 also also RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 30 3 brings bring VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 30 4 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 30 5 sense sense NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 30 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 30 7 spiritual spiritual JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 30 8 belonging belonging NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 30 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 30 10 tranquillity tranquillity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 30 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 31 1 Bentzen Bentzen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 31 2 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 31 3 Gokmen Gokmen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 31 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 31 5 2020 2020 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 31 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 31 7 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 1 As as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 2 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 3 promotes promote VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 5 importance importance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 7 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 8 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 10 renounces renounce VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 11 manipulation manipulation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 14 argue argue VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 15 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 17 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 18 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 19 reducing reduce VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 20 unethical unethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 21 practices practice NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 23 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 24 subsequently subsequently RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 25 increasing increase VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 26 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 27 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 29 becomes become VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 30 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 31 pronounced pronounced JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 32 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 33 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 34 periods period NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 32 35 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 33 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 33 2 study study NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 33 3 extends extend VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 33 4 previous previous JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 33 5 studies study NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 33 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 33 7 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 33 8 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 33 9 Callen Callen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 33 10 et et FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 33 11 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 33 12 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 34 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 34 2 2011 2011 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 34 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 35 1 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 35 2 Kanagaretnam Kanagaretnam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 35 3 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 35 4 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 35 5 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 2 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 4 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 5 examining examine VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 7 association association NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 8 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 9 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 10 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 11 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 12 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 13 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 14 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 15 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 17 context context NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 18 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 19 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 20 banking banking NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 21 sector sector NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 36 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 2 use use VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 3 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 4 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 6 7,619 7,619 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 7 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 8 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 9 year year NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 10 observations observation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 12 1,283 1,283 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 13 listed list VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 14 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 15 headquartered headquarter VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 16 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 17 39 39 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 18 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 20 covering cover VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 22 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 23 2002 2002 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 24 - - SYM cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 25 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 26 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 27 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 28 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 29 tests test NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 37 30 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 38 1 4 4 LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 2 consider consider VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 4 size size NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 7 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 8 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 9 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 10 view view NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 11 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 12 enhancing enhance VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 14 generalisability generalisability NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 17 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 18 effects effect NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 19 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 20 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 21 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 39 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 1 Although although IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 3 previous previous JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 4 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 5 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 6 documented document VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 7 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 8 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 9 affects affect VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 10 firm firm JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 11 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 14 does do VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 15 not not RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 16 show show VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 17 how how WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 19 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 20 differs differ VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 21 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 22 one one CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 23 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 24 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 25 another another DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 40 26 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 3 cross cross JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 4 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 5 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 6 surveys survey NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 8 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 9 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 11 ones one NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 12 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 14 PEW PEW NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 15 Research Research NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 16 Center Center NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 17 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 19 International International NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 20 Social Social NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 21 Survey Survey NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 22 Programme Programme NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 23 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 24 reinforce reinforce VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 25 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 26 notion notion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 41 27 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 2 utilize utilize VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 3 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 4 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 6 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 8 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 9 headquarters headquarter NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 10 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 11 since since IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 12 headquarters headquarter NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 13 constitute constitute VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 15 place place NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 16 where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 17 business business NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 18 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 19 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 20 policies policy NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 21 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 22 made make VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 24 Pirinsky Pirinsky NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 25 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 26 Wang Wang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 28 2006 2006 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 29 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 30 Rubin Rubin NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 31 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 32 2008 2008 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 42 34 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 1 Using use VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 2 instrumental instrumental JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 3 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 4 two two CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 5 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 6 stage stage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 7 least least JJS cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 8 squares square NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 10 IV-2SLS iv-2sls NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 12 regressions regression NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 15 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 16 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 17 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 18 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 19 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 20 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 21 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 22 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 23 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 24 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 25 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 26 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 27 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 43 28 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 2 further further RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 3 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 4 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 6 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 8 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 9 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 10 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 11 pronounced pronounced JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 12 among among IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 13 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 14 headquartered headquarter VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 15 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 16 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 17 where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 18 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 19 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 20 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 21 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 22 element element NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 23 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 24 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 25 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 44 26 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 4 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 5 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 6 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 7 pronounced pronounced JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 8 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 9 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 10 headquartered headquarter VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 11 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 12 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 13 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 14 weak weak JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 15 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 16 protection protection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 18 as as RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 19 well well RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 20 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 21 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 23 global global JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 24 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 25 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 45 26 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 2 findings finding NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 3 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 5 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 7 earlier early JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 8 predictions prediction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 9 about about IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 11 rationality rationality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 13 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 14 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 15 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 16 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 17 instrument instrument NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 18 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 19 unethical unethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 20 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 21 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 22 as as RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 23 well well RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 24 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 25 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 26 interaction interaction NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 27 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 28 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 29 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 30 institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 31 settings setting NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 32 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 33 influence influence VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 34 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 35 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 46 36 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 2 offer offer VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 3 new new JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 4 insights insight NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 5 into into IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 7 influence influence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 9 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 10 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 11 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 12 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 13 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 14 how how WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 16 magnitude magnitude NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 19 relationship relationship NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 20 differs differ VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 21 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 22 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 23 according accord VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 24 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 26 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 27 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 28 adherence adherence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 29 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 30 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 31 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 32 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 47 33 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 2 document document VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 3 evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 4 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 6 varying vary VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 7 degree degree NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 9 adherence adherence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 10 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 11 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 12 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 13 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 14 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 15 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 16 how how WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 17 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 18 serves serve VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 19 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 20 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 21 monitoring monitoring NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 22 mechanism mechanism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 23 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 24 reducing reduce VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 25 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 26 agency agency NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 27 costs cost NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 28 associated associate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 29 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 30 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 31 levels level NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 32 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 33 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 34 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 35 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 36 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 48 37 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 2 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 3 analyses analysis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 4 support support VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 6 notion notion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 7 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 8 increased increase VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 9 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 10 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 11 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 12 restrain restrain VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 13 unethical unethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 14 activities activity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 15 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 17 managers manager NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 18 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 19 agents agent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 20 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 22 shareholders shareholder NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 23 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 24 thereby thereby RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 25 minimising minimise VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 26 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 27 risk risk NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 28 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 29 failure failure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 49 30 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 2 study study NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 3 responds respond VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 4 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 5 prior prior JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 6 calls call NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 7 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 8 further further JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 9 research research NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 10 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 12 ways way NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 13 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 14 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 15 influence influence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 16 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 17 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 19 Fungáčová Fungáčová NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 20 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 21 Nuutilainen Nuutilainen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 22 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 23 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 24 Weill Weill NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 26 2016 2016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 27 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 28 Stulz Stulz NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 29 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 30 Williamson Williamson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 31 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 32 2003 2003 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 50 34 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 51 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 51 2 4 4 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 52 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 52 2 focus focus NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 52 3 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 52 4 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 52 5 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 52 6 motivated motivate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 52 7 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 52 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 52 9 following follow VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 52 10 factors factor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 52 11 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 1 First first RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 3 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 4 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 5 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 6 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 7 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 8 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 10 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 11 system system NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 13 every every DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 14 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 15 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 16 built build VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 18 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 19 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 20 integrity integrity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 21 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 22 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 23 markets market NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 24 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 25 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 26 stake stake NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 27 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 28 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 29 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 30 investors investor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 31 cast cast VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 32 doubts doubt NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 33 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 34 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 35 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 36 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 37 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 38 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 39 information information NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 41 Barro Barro NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 42 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 43 McCleary McCleary NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 44 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 45 2003 2003 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 46 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 47 Callen Callen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 48 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 49 Fang Fang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 50 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 51 2013 2013 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 53 53 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 1 Second second RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 3 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 4 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 5 opaque opaque JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 6 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 7 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 8 complex complex JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 9 than than IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 10 non non JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 11 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 12 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 13 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 14 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 15 given give VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 17 unique unique JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 18 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 19 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 20 mobilising mobilise VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 21 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 22 allocating allocate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 23 funds fund NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 24 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 25 thereby thereby RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 26 boosting boost VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 27 capital capital NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 28 formation formation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 29 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 30 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 31 productivity productivity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 33 Levine Levine NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 34 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 35 2004 2004 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 54 37 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 1 Third third JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 3 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 4 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 5 subjected subject VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 6 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 7 heavy heavy JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 8 regulation regulation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 10 supervisory supervisory JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 11 actions action NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 13 Beatty Beatty NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 14 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 15 Liao Liao NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 17 2014 2014 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 18 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 19 Cornett Cornett NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 20 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 21 McNutt McNutt NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 22 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 23 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 24 Tehranian Tehranian NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 26 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 55 28 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 1 Fourth fourth RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 4 existence existence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 6 deposit deposit NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 7 insurance insurance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 8 schemes scheme NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 9 increases increase VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 11 risk risk NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 13 fraud fraud NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 15 selfdealing selfdeale VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 16 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 17 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 18 banking banking NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 19 industry industry NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 20 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 21 reducing reduce VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 22 incentives incentive NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 23 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 24 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 25 thorough thorough JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 26 scrutiny scrutiny NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 27 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 28 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 29 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 30 operations operation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 32 Macey Macey NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 33 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 34 O'Hara O'Hara NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 35 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 36 2003 2003 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 56 38 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 1 Finally finally RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 3 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 4 have have VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 5 been be VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 6 widely widely RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 7 accused accuse VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 9 many many JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 10 unethical unethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 11 activities activity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 13 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 14 money money NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 15 laundering laundering NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 17 fake fake JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 18 bids bid NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 20 insider insider NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 21 trading trading NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 22 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 23 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 24 excessive excessive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 25 manipulation manipulation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 26 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 27 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 29 Herzog Herzog NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 31 2019 2019 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 57 33 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 58 1 J J NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 58 2 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 58 3 u u NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 58 4 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 58 5 n n NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 58 6 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 58 7 l l NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 58 8 P p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 58 9 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 58 10 e e NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 58 11 -p -p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 59 1 r r LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 60 1 o o UH cord-311807-o7d2yure 61 1 o o UH cord-311807-o7d2yure 61 2 f f NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 61 3 thereby thereby RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 61 4 contributes contribute VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 61 5 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 61 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 61 7 existing exist VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 61 8 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 61 9 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 61 10 several several JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 61 11 ways way NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 61 12 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 1 First first RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 4 provide provide VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 5 empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 6 evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 7 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 9 institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 10 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 12 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 13 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 14 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 15 shaping shape VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 16 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 17 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 18 towards towards IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 19 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 20 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 21 within within IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 23 banking banking NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 24 sector sector NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 25 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 26 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 28 thus thus RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 29 extending extend VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 30 knowledge knowledge NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 31 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 32 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 33 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 35 Chircop Chircop NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 36 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 37 Johan Johan NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 38 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 39 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 40 Tarsalewska Tarsalewska NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 41 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 42 2020 2020 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 43 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 44 Chourou Chourou NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 45 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 46 He -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 47 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 48 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 49 Zhong Zhong NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 50 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 51 2020 2020 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 62 53 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 1 Second second RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 4 study study NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 5 contributes contribute VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 6 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 7 prior prior JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 8 work work NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 9 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 10 showing show VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 11 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 13 geographical geographical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 14 location location NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 17 strength strength NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 18 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 19 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 20 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 21 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 22 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 24 importance importance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 25 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 26 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 27 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 28 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 29 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 30 influence influence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 31 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 32 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 33 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 34 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 63 35 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 2 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 4 therefore therefore RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 6 able able JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 7 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 8 extend extend VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 10 current current JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 11 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 12 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 14 supplementary supplementary JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 15 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 16 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 17 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 18 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 20 North North NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 21 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 22 1994 1994 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 23 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 24 Pevzner Pevzner NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 26 Xie Xie NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 28 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 29 Xin Xin NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 31 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 64 33 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 2 contribution contribution NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 3 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 4 particularly particularly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 5 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 6 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 7 policymakers policymaker NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 8 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 9 designing design VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 11 implementing implement VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 12 systems system NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 13 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 14 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 15 measures measure NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 16 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 17 soundness soundness NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 18 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 19 stability stability NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 20 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 22 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 23 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 24 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 26 Adhikari Adhikari NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 27 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 28 Agrawal Agrawal NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 29 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 30 2016 2016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 65 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 1 Third third RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 4 contribute contribute VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 5 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 7 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 8 debate debate NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 9 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 11 nexus nexus NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 12 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 13 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 15 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 16 accountability accountability NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 18 focusing focus VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 19 particularly particularly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 20 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 21 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 22 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 23 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 24 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 25 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 26 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 66 27 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 2 contribution contribution NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 3 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 4 useful useful JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 5 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 6 both both DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 7 policymakers policymaker NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 8 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 9 shareholders shareholder NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 10 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 11 understanding understand VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 12 areas area NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 13 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 14 priorities priority NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 15 concerning concern VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 16 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 17 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 18 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 19 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 20 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 21 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 67 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 68 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 68 2 rest rest NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 68 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 68 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 68 5 paper paper NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 68 6 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 68 7 organised organise VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 68 8 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 68 9 follows follow VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 68 10 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 1 Section section NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 2 2 2 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 3 reviews review NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 5 prior prior JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 6 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 8 describes describe VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 10 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 11 underpinning underpinning NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 13 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 14 develops develop VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 15 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 16 hypotheses hypothesis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 69 17 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 70 1 Section section NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 70 2 3 3 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 70 3 discusses discuss VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 70 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 70 5 data data NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 70 6 selection selection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 70 7 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 70 8 methodology methodology NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 70 9 used use VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 70 10 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 1 Section section NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 2 4 4 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 3 presents present VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 5 empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 6 findings finding NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 7 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 8 Section section NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 9 5 5 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 10 presents present VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 12 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 13 testing testing NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 15 robustness robustness NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 16 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 17 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 18 results result NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 20 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 21 Section section NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 22 6 6 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 23 concludes conclude VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 24 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 25 paper paper NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 71 26 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 1 Social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 2 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 3 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 4 rules rule NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 5 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 6 expectations expectation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 8 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 9 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 10 encompass encompass VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 11 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 12 group group NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 13 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 14 consensus consensus NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 15 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 17 ontological ontological JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 18 interpretation interpretation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 19 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 20 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 21 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 72 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 2 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 3 widely widely RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 4 viewed view VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 5 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 6 sociologists sociologist NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 7 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 8 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 9 mechanism mechanism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 10 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 11 explaining explain VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 12 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 13 order order NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 15 Durkheim Durkheim NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 17 1965 1965 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 18 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 19 Parsons Parsons NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 20 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 21 1953 1953 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 23 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 24 certain certain JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 25 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 26 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 28 Weber Weber NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 29 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 30 1930 1930 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 73 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 2 expectations expectation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 3 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 4 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 5 descriptive descriptive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 6 about about IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 7 what what WP cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 8 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 9 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 10 organisations organisation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 11 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 12 likely likely JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 13 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 14 do do VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 15 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 16 normative normative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 17 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 18 terms term NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 19 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 20 what what WP cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 22 ought ought MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 23 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 24 do do VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 26 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 27 collectively collectively RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 28 dictates dictate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 29 actors actor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 30 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 31 cognitions cognition NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 32 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 33 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 34 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 35 actions action NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 36 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 37 emotions emotion NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 39 Eriksson Eriksson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 40 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 41 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 74 43 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 1 Initially initially RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 2 introduced introduce VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 3 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 4 Perkins Perkins NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 5 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 6 Berkowitz Berkowitz NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 8 1986 1986 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 10 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 11 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 12 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 13 theory theory NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 14 provides provide VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 15 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 16 useful useful JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 17 framework framework NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 18 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 19 understanding understand VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 20 patterns pattern NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 21 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 22 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 23 based base VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 24 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 25 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 26 sanctioning sanctioning NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 27 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 28 rewarding rewarding JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 29 systems system NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 30 embedded embed VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 31 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 32 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 33 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 34 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 35 noncompliance noncompliance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 36 as as RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 37 well well RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 38 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 39 compliance compliance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 40 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 41 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 42 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 75 43 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 76 1 respectively respectively RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 76 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 76 3 Leventis Leventis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 76 4 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 76 5 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 76 6 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 76 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 76 8 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 76 9 ; ; . cord-311807-o7d2yure 77 1 Weaver Weaver NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 77 2 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 77 3 Agle Agle NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 77 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 77 5 2002 2002 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 77 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 77 7 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 2 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 3 conceptualised conceptualise VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 4 form form NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 6 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 7 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 8 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 9 prime prime JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 10 example example NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 12 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 13 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 15 refers refer VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 16 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 17 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 18 extent extent NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 19 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 20 adhering adhere VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 21 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 22 prevailing prevail VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 23 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 24 beliefs belief NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 26 codes code NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 28 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 29 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 30 practices practice NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 31 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 32 promulgations promulgation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 78 33 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 1 Although although IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 2 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 3 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 4 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 5 not not RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 6 exclusively exclusively RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 7 attributable attributable JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 8 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 9 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 10 adherence adherence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 11 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 12 recent recent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 13 research research NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 14 evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 15 within within IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 16 social social NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 17 sciences sciences NNPS cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 18 suggests suggest VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 19 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 20 strong strong JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 21 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 22 association association NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 23 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 24 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 25 two two CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 27 Vitell Vitell NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 28 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 29 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 79 31 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 1 Religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 2 provides provide VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 3 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 4 mechanism mechanism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 5 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 6 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 7 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 8 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 10 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 11 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 12 honesty honesty NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 13 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 14 risk risk NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 15 aversion aversion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 17 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 18 promoted promote VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 19 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 20 influence influence VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 21 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 23 Dyreng Dyreng NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 24 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 25 Mayew Mayew NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 26 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 27 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 28 Williams Williams NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 29 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 30 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 80 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 1 With with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 3 promulgation promulgation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 5 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 6 joint joint JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 7 set set NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 9 principles principle NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 11 beliefs belief NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 12 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 13 influential influential JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 14 religions religion NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 16 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 17 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 18 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 19 presumed presume VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 20 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 21 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 22 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 23 set set NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 24 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 25 code code NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 26 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 27 actions action NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 28 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 29 virtues virtue NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 30 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 31 good good JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 32 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 33 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 35 Melé Melé NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 36 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 37 Fontrodona Fontrodona NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 38 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 39 2017 2017 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 81 41 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 1 As as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 2 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 4 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 5 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 6 interact interact VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 7 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 8 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 9 as as RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 10 well well RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 11 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 12 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 13 decision decision NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 14 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 15 making making NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 16 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 17 promoting promote VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 18 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 19 anti anti JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 20 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 21 manipulative manipulative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 22 ethos ethos NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 23 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 24 covers cover VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 25 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 26 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 27 practices practice NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 29 Callen Callen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 30 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 31 Fang Fang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 32 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 33 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 34 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 35 Iannaccone Iannaccone NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 36 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 37 1998 1998 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 38 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 39 McGuire McGuire NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 40 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 41 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 42 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 43 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 44 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 82 46 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 1 Prior prior JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 2 research research NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 3 suggests suggest VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 4 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 5 highly highly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 6 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 7 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 8 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 9 less less RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 10 likely likely JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 11 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 12 view view VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 13 accounting accounting NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 14 manipulation manipulation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 15 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 16 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 17 acceptable acceptable JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 18 practice practice NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 20 Conroy Conroy NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 21 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 22 Emerson Emerson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 23 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 24 2004 2004 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 25 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 26 Longenecker Longenecker NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 27 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 28 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 29 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 31 2004 2004 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 83 33 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 4 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 5 widely widely RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 6 argued argue VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 7 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 8 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 9 located locate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 10 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 11 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 12 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 13 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 14 less less RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 15 likely likely JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 16 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 17 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 18 associated associate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 19 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 20 unstable unstable JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 21 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 22 performance performance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 23 because because IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 24 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 25 lower low JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 26 degrees degree NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 27 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 28 risk risk NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 29 exposure exposure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 31 Hilary Hilary NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 32 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 33 Hui Hui NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 34 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 35 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 37 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 38 less less RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 39 likely likely JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 40 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 41 have have VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 42 irregularities irregularity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 43 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 44 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 45 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 46 reporting reporting NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 47 owing owe VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 48 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 49 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 50 aversion aversion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 51 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 52 litigation litigation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 53 risk risk NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 55 McGuire McGuire NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 56 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 57 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 58 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 59 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 60 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 84 62 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 1 Corporations corporation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 2 within within IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 3 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 4 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 5 high high JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 6 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 7 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 8 influenced influence VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 9 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 11 prevailing prevail VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 12 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 13 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 15 Callen Callen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 16 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 17 Fang Fang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 19 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 20 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 21 Dyreng Dyreng NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 22 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 23 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 24 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 26 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 28 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 29 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 30 subsequently subsequently RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 31 affect affect VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 32 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 33 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 35 Adhikari Adhikari NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 36 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 37 Agrawal Agrawal NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 38 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 39 2016 2016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 40 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 41 Chircop Chircop NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 42 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 43 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 44 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 45 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 46 2020 2020 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 85 48 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 1 For for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 2 example example NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 4 US US NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 5 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 6 located locate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 7 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 8 highly highly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 9 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 10 areas area NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 11 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 12 associated associate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 13 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 14 lower low JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 15 variances variance NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 16 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 17 equity equity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 18 returns return NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 19 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 20 return return VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 21 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 22 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 24 Hilary Hilary NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 25 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 26 Hui Hui NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 28 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 30 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 31 stock stock NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 32 price price NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 33 volatility volatility NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 35 Blau Blau NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 36 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 37 2017 2017 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 86 39 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 87 1 Leventis Leventis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 87 2 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 87 3 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 87 4 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 2 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 4 provide provide VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 5 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 6 useful useful JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 7 summary summary NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 10 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 11 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 12 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 13 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 14 location location NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 15 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 16 influence influence VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 17 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 18 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 19 around around IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 20 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 21 expectations expectation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 88 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 89 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 89 2 first first JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 89 3 mechanism mechanism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 89 4 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 89 5 associated associate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 89 6 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 89 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 89 8 intensity intensity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 89 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 89 10 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 89 11 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 3 proposes propose VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 4 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 6 presence presence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 8 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 9 high high JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 10 concentration concentration NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 12 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 13 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 14 within within IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 15 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 16 given give VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 17 territory territory NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 18 could could MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 19 translate translate VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 20 into into IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 21 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 22 high high JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 23 proportion proportion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 24 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 25 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 26 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 27 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 28 different different JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 29 stages stage NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 30 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 31 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 32 organisation organisation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 90 33 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 3 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 4 turn turn NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 6 translates translate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 7 into into IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 8 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 9 general general JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 10 alignment alignment NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 12 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 13 attributes attribute NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 15 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 16 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 17 reflect reflect VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 19 prevailing prevail VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 20 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 21 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 22 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 24 local local JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 25 community community NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 27 Hilary Hilary NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 28 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 29 Hui Hui NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 31 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 91 33 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 2 second second JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 3 mechanism mechanism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 4 entails entail VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 6 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 7 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 8 religiously religiously RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 9 adherent adherent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 10 staff staff NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 11 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 12 play play VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 13 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 14 whistleblowing whistleblowing NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 15 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 16 irregular irregular JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 17 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 18 unethical unethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 19 practices practice NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 20 perpetrated perpetrate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 21 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 23 firm firm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 92 24 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 1 Firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 2 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 3 highly highly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 4 likely likely JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 5 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 6 refrain refrain VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 7 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 8 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 9 unwarranted unwarranted JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 11 unethical unethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 12 practices practice NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 13 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 14 fear fear NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 16 being be VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 17 exposed expose VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 18 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 19 religiously religiously RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 20 adherent adherent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 21 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 22 within within IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 24 firm firm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 25 because because IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 26 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 27 exposure exposure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 28 could could MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 29 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 30 costly costly JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 32 Callen Callen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 33 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 34 Fang Fang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 35 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 36 J J NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 37 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 38 u u NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 39 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 40 n n NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 41 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 42 l l NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 43 P p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 44 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 45 e e NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 93 46 -p -p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 94 1 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 94 2 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 94 3 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 94 4 f f NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 94 5 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 94 6 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 94 7 Javers Javers NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 94 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 94 9 2011 2011 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 94 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 94 11 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 2 final final JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 3 mechanism mechanism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 4 relates relate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 5 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 7 location location NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 8 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 10 wherein wherein WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 11 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 12 large large JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 13 proportion proportion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 14 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 15 religiously religiously RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 16 adherent adherent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 17 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 18 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 19 able able JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 20 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 21 influence influence VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 23 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 24 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 25 actions action NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 26 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 27 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 28 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 29 managers manager NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 30 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 31 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 32 organisation organisation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 33 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 34 may may MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 35 not not RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 36 have have VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 37 any any DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 38 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 95 39 inclination inclination NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 96 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 96 2 Dyreng Dyreng NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 96 3 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 96 4 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 96 5 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 96 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 96 7 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 96 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 96 9 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 2 influence influence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 3 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 4 achieved achieve VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 5 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 7 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 8 interactions interaction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 9 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 10 guide guide VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 11 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 12 within within IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 14 boundaries boundary NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 17 endorsed endorse VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 18 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 19 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 20 practised practise VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 21 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 23 location location NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 24 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 25 order order NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 26 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 27 avoid avoid VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 28 societal societal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 29 sanctions sanction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 30 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 31 negative negative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 32 reactions reaction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 34 Callen Callen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 35 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 36 Fang Fang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 37 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 38 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 39 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 40 Dyreng Dyreng NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 41 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 42 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 43 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 44 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 45 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 46 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 47 McGuire McGuire NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 48 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 49 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 50 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 51 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 52 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 97 54 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 2 recent recent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 3 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 5 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 6 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 7 Gallego Gallego NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 8 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 9 Alvarez Alvarez NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 10 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 11 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 12 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 14 2020 2020 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 16 supports support VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 17 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 18 notion notion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 19 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 20 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 21 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 22 advocated advocate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 23 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 24 major major JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 25 religions religion NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 26 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 27 similar similar JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 28 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 29 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 30 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 31 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 32 18 18 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 33 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 98 34 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 2 indicates indicate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 3 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 5 pattern pattern NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 7 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 8 levels level NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 10 adherence adherence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 11 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 12 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 13 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 14 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 15 associated associate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 16 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 17 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 18 implementation implementation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 19 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 20 better well JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 21 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 22 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 23 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 99 24 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 1 Within within IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 3 context context NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 6 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 7 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 8 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 10 normative normative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 11 beliefs belief NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 12 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 13 peer peer NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 14 influences influence NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 15 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 16 instrumental instrumental JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 17 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 18 changing change VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 19 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 20 within within IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 21 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 22 settings setting NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 100 23 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 1 Religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 2 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 3 shape shape VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 4 peer peer NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 5 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 6 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 7 promote promote VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 8 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 9 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 10 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 11 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 12 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 13 practices practice NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 15 Dyreng Dyreng NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 16 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 17 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 101 18 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 102 1 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 102 2 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 102 3 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 102 4 Leventis Leventis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 102 5 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 102 6 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 102 7 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 102 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 102 9 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 102 10 ; ; . cord-311807-o7d2yure 103 1 Weaver Weaver NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 103 2 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 103 3 Agle Agle NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 103 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 103 5 2002 2002 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 103 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 103 7 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 1 However however RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 3 despite despite IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 5 popular popular JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 6 conception conception NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 9 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 10 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 12 geographical geographical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 13 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 14 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 16 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 18 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 19 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 20 corporations corporation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 21 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 22 another another DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 23 strand strand NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 24 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 25 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 26 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 27 argue argue VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 28 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 29 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 30 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 31 little little JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 32 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 33 no no DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 34 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 35 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 36 corporations corporation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 37 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 38 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 39 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 41 i.e. i.e. FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 42 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 43 Callen Callen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 44 et et FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 45 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 46 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 47 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 48 2011 2011 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 49 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 50 Walker Walker NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 51 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 52 Smither Smither NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 53 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 54 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 55 DeBode DeBode NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 56 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 57 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 58 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 59 Weaver Weaver NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 60 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 61 Agle Agle NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 62 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 63 2002 2002 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 104 65 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 1 An an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 2 individual individual JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 3 proclaiming proclaim VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 4 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 5 may may MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 6 possess possess VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 7 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 8 extrinsic extrinsic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 9 motivation motivation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 10 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 11 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 12 linked link VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 13 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 14 ' ' `` cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 15 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 16 self self NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 17 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 18 perception perception NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 19 ' ' '' cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 20 rather rather RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 21 than than IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 23 actual actual JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 24 group group NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 25 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 26 needs need NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 27 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 28 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 29 leads lead VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 30 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 31 moral moral JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 32 hypocrisy hypocrisy NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 34 Batson Batson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 35 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 36 Thompson Thompson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 37 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 38 2001 2001 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 39 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 40 Batson Batson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 41 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 42 Thompson Thompson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 43 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 44 Seuferling Seuferling NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 45 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 46 Whitney Whitney NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 47 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 48 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 49 Strongman Strongman NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 50 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 51 1999 1999 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 52 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 53 Graafland Graafland NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 54 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 55 2017 2017 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 105 57 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 3 usually usually RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 4 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 5 result result NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 8 misperception misperception NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 10 common common JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 11 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 12 caused cause VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 13 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 14 underestimating underestimate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 16 consequences consequence NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 18 deviation deviation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 19 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 20 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 21 group group NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 22 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 23 acceptable acceptable JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 24 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 26 thus thus RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 27 leading lead VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 28 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 29 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 30 lack lack NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 31 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 32 engagement engagement NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 33 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 34 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 35 desired desire VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 36 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 38 Helmke Helmke NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 39 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 40 Levitsky Levitsky NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 41 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 42 2004 2004 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 106 44 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 2 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 3 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 4 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 5 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 6 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 7 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 8 been be VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 9 well well RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 10 documented document VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 11 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 13 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 15 Beatty Beatty NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 16 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 17 Liao Liao NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 19 2014 2014 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 20 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 21 Bushman Bushman NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 22 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 23 Williams Williams NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 24 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 25 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 26 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 27 Cornett Cornett NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 28 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 29 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 30 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 31 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 32 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 107 34 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 108 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 108 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 108 3 context context NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 108 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 108 5 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 108 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 108 7 Kanagaretnam Kanagaretnam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 108 8 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 108 9 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 108 10 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 2 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 4 observe observe VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 5 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 6 lower low JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 7 probability probability NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 9 reporting report VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 10 asset asset NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 11 deterioration deterioration NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 12 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 13 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 14 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 15 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 16 adherence adherence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 17 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 18 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 19 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 109 20 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 3 corporations corporation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 4 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 5 these these DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 6 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 7 have have VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 8 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 9 lower low JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 10 propensity propensity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 11 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 12 backdate backdate VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 13 options option NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 14 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 15 practice practice VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 16 aggressive aggressive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 17 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 18 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 20 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 21 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 22 involved involve VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 23 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 24 securities security NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 25 lawsuits lawsuit NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 27 Grullon Grullon NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 28 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 29 Kanatas Kanatas NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 31 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 32 Weston Weston NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 33 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 34 2010 2010 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 110 36 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 1 Both both DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 3 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 4 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 5 empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 6 perspectives perspective NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 7 indicate indicate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 8 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 9 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 10 relationship relationship NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 11 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 12 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 13 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 14 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 15 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 16 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 17 firm firm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 18 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 19 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 20 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 111 21 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 112 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 112 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 112 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 112 4 propose propose VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 112 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 112 6 main main JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 112 7 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 112 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 112 9 H h NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 112 10 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 112 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 112 12 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 112 13 follows follow VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 112 14 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 113 1 J J NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 113 2 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 113 3 u u NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 113 4 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 113 5 n n NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 113 6 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 113 7 l l NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 113 8 P p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 113 9 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 113 10 e e NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 114 1 -p -p : cord-311807-o7d2yure 115 1 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 115 2 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 115 3 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 115 4 f f NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 115 5 H h NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 115 6 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 116 1 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 116 2 There there EX cord-311807-o7d2yure 116 3 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 116 4 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 116 5 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 116 6 association association NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 116 7 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 116 8 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 116 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 116 10 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 116 11 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 116 12 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 3 widely widely RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 4 argued argue VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 5 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 6 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 7 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 8 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 9 formed form VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 10 based base VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 11 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 13 collective collective JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 14 narratives narrative NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 17 majority majority NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 19 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 20 culture culture NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 21 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 22 politics politic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 23 continue continue VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 24 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 25 interact interact VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 27 Triandafyllidou Triandafyllidou NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 28 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 29 Wodak Wodak NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 31 2003 2003 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 117 33 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 1 There there EX cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 2 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 3 long long RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 4 been be VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 5 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 6 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 7 debate debate NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 8 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 9 how how WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 10 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 11 interacts interact VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 12 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 13 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 15 Brubaker Brubaker NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 17 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 18 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 19 Santiago Santiago NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 20 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 21 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 118 23 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 1 However however RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 4 nature nature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 5 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 6 outcome outcome NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 9 interactions interaction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 10 differ differ VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 11 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 12 one one CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 13 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 14 / / SYM cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 15 region region NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 16 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 17 another another DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 19 depending depend VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 20 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 22 historical historical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 23 evolution evolution NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 24 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 26 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 119 27 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 1 For for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 2 example example NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 4 until until IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 6 fall fall NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 9 Iron Iron NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 10 Curtain Curtain NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 11 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 12 collapse collapse NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 13 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 15 Soviet Soviet NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 16 Union Union NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 17 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 18 1989 1989 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 19 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 20 1991 1991 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 21 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 22 Central central JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 23 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 24 Eastern Eastern NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 25 Europe Europe NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 26 were be VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 27 dominated dominate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 28 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 29 atheist atheist JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 30 regimes regime NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 120 31 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 1 Today today NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 3 however however RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 5 many many JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 8 governments government NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 9 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 11 region region NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 12 have have VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 13 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 14 state state NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 15 official official JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 16 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 17 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 18 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 19 unofficial unofficial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 20 preferred preferred JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 21 faith faith NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 23 Fox Fox NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 24 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 25 Sandler Sandler NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 26 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 27 2005 2005 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 28 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 29 Harry Harry NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 31 2014 2014 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 121 33 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 1 Hence hence RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 4 importance importance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 6 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 7 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 8 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 9 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 10 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 11 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 12 viewed view VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 13 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 14 being be VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 15 varied varied JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 16 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 17 Europe Europe NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 122 18 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 3 often often RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 4 attributed attribute VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 5 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 7 varied varied JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 8 historical historical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 9 struggle struggle NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 11 quest quest VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 12 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 13 create create VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 14 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 15 distinct distinct JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 16 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 18 potentially potentially RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 19 impacting impact VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 20 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 22 policies policy NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 24 see see VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 25 McCleary McCleary NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 26 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 27 Barro Barro NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 28 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 29 2006 2006 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 123 31 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 1 Within within IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 3 context context NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 6 nation nation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 7 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 8 state state NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 10 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 11 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 12 established establish VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 13 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 14 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 15 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 16 determinant determinant NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 18 economic economic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 19 beliefs belief NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 21 Guiso Guiso NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 22 et et FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 23 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 24 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 26 2004 2004 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 124 28 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 1 As as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 2 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 4 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 5 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 6 where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 7 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 8 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 9 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 10 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 11 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 12 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 13 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 14 highly highly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 15 likely likely JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 16 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 17 produce produce VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 18 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 19 set set NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 20 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 21 economic economic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 22 attitudes attitude NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 23 consistent consistent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 24 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 26 dominant dominant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 27 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 28 beliefs belief NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 125 29 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 1 Thus thus RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 3 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 4 mimic mimic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 5 isomorphism isomorphism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 6 pattern pattern NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 7 will will MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 8 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 9 followed follow VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 10 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 11 both both DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 12 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 13 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 14 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 15 via via IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 16 circumventing circumvent VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 17 any any DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 18 form form NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 19 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 20 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 21 not not RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 22 listed list VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 23 within within IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 24 societal societal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 25 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 26 just just RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 27 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 28 avoid avoid VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 29 societal societal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 30 punishment punishment NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 126 31 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 1 Consistent consistent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 2 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 3 North North NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 4 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 5 theory theory NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 7 institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 8 change change NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 10 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 11 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 12 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 13 viewed view VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 14 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 16 crystallisation crystallisation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 18 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 19 ones one NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 21 North North NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 22 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 23 1990 1990 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 25 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 26 both both DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 27 co co NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 28 - - NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 29 evolve evolve VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 30 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 31 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 32 functioning functioning NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 33 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 34 different different JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 35 organisations organisation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 127 36 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 2 provides provide VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 3 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 4 strong strong JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 5 rationale rationale NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 6 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 8 notion notion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 9 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 10 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 11 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 13 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 14 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 15 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 17 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 18 complement complement VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 19 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 20 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 21 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 22 dictating dictate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 23 how how WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 24 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 26 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 28 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 29 governments government NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 30 behave behave VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 31 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 32 attaining attain VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 33 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 34 economic economic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 35 objectives objective NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 128 36 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 1 Employees employee NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 2 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 3 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 4 membership membership NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 6 either either CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 7 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 8 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 9 union union NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 10 groups group NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 11 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 12 distinct distinct JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 13 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 14 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 15 found find VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 16 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 17 adhere adhere VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 18 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 19 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 20 groups group NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 21 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 22 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 23 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 24 rules rule NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 26 Tajfel Tajfel NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 28 1982 1982 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 29 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 30 Turner Turner NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 31 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 32 Brown Brown NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 33 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 34 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 35 Tajfel Tajfel NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 36 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 37 1979 1979 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 39 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 40 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 41 induces induce VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 42 them -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 43 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 44 make make VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 45 ethically ethically RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 46 sound sound VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 47 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 48 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 49 accordance accordance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 50 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 51 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 52 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 53 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 54 recognition recognition NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 55 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 56 legitimacy legitimacy NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 129 57 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 2 importance importance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 4 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 5 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 6 part part NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 8 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 9 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 10 influences influence VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 12 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 13 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 14 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 15 upholding uphold VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 16 negative negative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 17 sanctions sanction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 18 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 19 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 20 view view NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 21 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 22 enforcing enforce VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 23 normative normative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 24 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 130 25 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 1 Religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 3 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 4 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 5 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 6 institution institution NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 8 becomes become VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 9 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 10 influential influential JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 11 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 12 recognised recognise VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 13 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 14 part part NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 16 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 17 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 19 thus thus RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 20 forming form VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 21 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 22 strong strong JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 23 connection connection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 24 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 25 interaction interaction NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 26 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 27 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 28 state state NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 29 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 30 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 31 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 131 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 3 because because IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 5 latter latter JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 6 dominate dominate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 8 political political JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 9 landscape landscape NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 11 Horak Horak NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 12 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 13 Yang Yang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 14 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 15 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 132 17 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 1 Against against IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 2 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 3 background background NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 6 extend extend VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 8 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 9 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 10 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 11 J J NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 12 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 13 u u NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 14 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 15 n n NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 16 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 17 l l NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 18 P p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 19 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 20 e e NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 21 -p -p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 22 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 23 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 24 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 25 f f NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 26 H h NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 27 2A 2a NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 133 28 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 2 association association NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 3 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 4 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 5 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 6 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 7 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 8 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 9 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 10 pronounced pronounced JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 11 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 12 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 13 where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 14 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 15 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 16 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 17 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 18 element element NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 19 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 20 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 21 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 134 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 1 Formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 2 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 3 involve involve VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 4 documented document VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 5 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 6 accepted accept VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 7 sets set NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 9 rules rule NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 11 regulations regulation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 12 introduced introduce VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 13 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 14 structure structure VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 16 economic economic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 17 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 18 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 19 set set NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 20 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 21 up up NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 22 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 23 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 24 given give VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 25 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 26 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 27 protect protect VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 28 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 29 rights right NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 30 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 31 investors investor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 32 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 33 prevent prevent VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 34 unethical unethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 35 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 135 36 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 2 strength strength NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 5 governance governance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 6 infrastructure infrastructure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 8 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 10 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 11 framework framework NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 13 may may MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 14 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 15 weak weak JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 17 depending depend VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 18 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 19 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 20 institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 21 settings setting NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 23 North North NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 24 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 25 1990 1990 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 26 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 27 Powell Powell NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 28 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 29 DiMaggio DiMaggio NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 31 1991 1991 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 136 33 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 4 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 6 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 7 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 8 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 9 mitigating mitigate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 10 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 11 manipulations manipulation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 12 becomes become VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 13 vital vital JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 14 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 15 understanding understand VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 16 interactions interaction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 17 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 18 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 19 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 137 20 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 1 Informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 2 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 3 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 4 perceived perceive VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 5 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 6 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 7 consensus consensus NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 8 around around IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 9 unconsciously unconsciously RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 10 designed design VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 11 societal societal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 12 traditions tradition NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 14 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 16 customs custom NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 18 cultures culture NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 20 ideologies ideology NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 21 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 22 templates template NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 23 as as RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 24 well well RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 25 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 26 undocumented undocumented JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 27 codes code NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 28 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 29 conduct conduct NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 31 Denzau Denzau NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 32 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 33 North North NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 34 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 35 1994 1994 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 138 36 ; ; . cord-311807-o7d2yure 139 1 North North NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 139 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 139 3 1990 1990 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 139 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 139 5 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 1 Where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 3 above above JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 4 elements element NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 5 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 6 enshrined enshrine VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 7 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 8 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 9 beliefs belief NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 11 accepted accept VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 12 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 13 societies society NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 14 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 15 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 17 personal personal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 18 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 19 institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 20 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 21 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 22 guided guide VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 23 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 24 consensus consensus NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 26 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 27 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 28 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 29 transmitted transmit VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 30 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 31 generations generation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 32 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 33 observation observation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 34 / / SYM cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 35 imitation imitation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 36 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 140 37 teaching teaching NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 141 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 141 2 Tonoyan Tonoyan NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 141 3 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 141 4 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 141 5 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 141 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 141 7 2010 2010 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 141 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 141 9 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 3 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 4 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 5 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 6 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 7 influenced influence VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 8 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 9 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 11 eventually eventually RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 12 signal signal VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 13 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 14 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 16 choices choice NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 17 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 19 un)acceptable un)acceptable FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 20 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 21 addition addition NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 22 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 23 establishing establish VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 24 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 25 socialisation socialisation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 26 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 27 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 28 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 29 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 30 into into IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 31 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 32 given give VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 33 society society NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 35 Bruton Bruton NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 36 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 37 Fried Fried NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 38 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 39 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 40 Manigart Manigart NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 41 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 42 2005 2005 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 43 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 44 Peng Peng NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 45 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 46 Heath Heath NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 47 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 48 1996 1996 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 142 50 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 2 form form NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 4 boundary boundary NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 6 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 8 set set NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 10 beliefs belief NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 11 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 12 collectively collectively RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 13 shape shape VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 14 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 15 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 16 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 17 judgement judgement NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 18 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 19 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 20 overall overall JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 21 interest interest NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 22 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 23 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 24 organisation organisation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 26 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 27 voluntary voluntary JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 28 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 29 therefore therefore RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 30 informally informally RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 31 institutionalised institutionalised JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 33 Pearce Pearce NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 34 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 35 2013 2013 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 143 37 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 1 Arguably arguably RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 3 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 4 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 5 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 6 influence influence VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 7 both both DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 8 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 10 organisations organisation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 11 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 12 behave behave VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 13 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 14 strict strict JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 15 compliance compliance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 16 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 17 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 18 pre pre JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 19 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 20 defined define VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 21 framework framework NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 22 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 23 created create VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 24 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 25 enforced enforce VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 26 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 27 recognised recognise VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 28 authorities authority NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 30 Mallor Mallor NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 31 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 32 Barnes Barnes NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 33 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 34 Bowers Bowers NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 35 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 36 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 37 Langvardt Langvardt NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 38 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 39 2013 2013 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 144 41 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 3 expected expect VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 4 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 5 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 6 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 7 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 8 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 9 strong strong JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 10 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 11 high high JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 12 compliance compliance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 13 will will MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 14 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 15 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 16 force force NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 17 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 18 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 19 will will MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 20 comply comply VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 21 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 22 avoid avoid VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 23 punishment punishment NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 145 24 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 1 However however RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 3 where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 4 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 5 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 6 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 7 weak weak JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 10 success success NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 12 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 13 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 14 upholding uphold VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 15 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 16 judgement judgement NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 17 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 18 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 19 determined determine VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 20 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 22 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 23 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 146 24 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 3 investors investor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 4 have have VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 6 choice choice NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 7 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 8 entrench entrench VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 9 either either DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 10 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 11 both both DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 12 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 13 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 15 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 16 protection protection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 17 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 19 business business NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 20 context context NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 22 Pearce Pearce NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 23 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 24 Doh Doh NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 26 2005 2005 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 27 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 28 Smith Smith NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 29 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 30 Wokutch Wokutch NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 31 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 32 Harrington Harrington NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 33 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 34 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 35 Dennis Dennis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 36 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 37 2016 2016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 147 39 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 2 decision decision NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 3 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 4 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 5 firm firm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 6 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 7 embark embark VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 8 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 9 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 10 manipulation manipulation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 11 will will MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 12 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 13 highly highly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 14 discouraged discourage VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 15 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 16 perceived perceive VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 17 as as RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 18 unethical unethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 19 because because IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 20 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 22 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 23 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 24 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 25 if if IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 26 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 27 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 28 institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 29 framework framework NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 30 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 31 less less RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 32 effective effective JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 33 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 34 detecting detect VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 35 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 36 manipulations manipulation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 38 Dyreng Dyreng NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 39 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 40 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 41 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 42 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 43 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 148 45 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 2 notion notion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 3 supports support VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 5 typology typology NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 7 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 8 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 10 Helmke Helmke NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 11 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 12 Levitsky Levitsky NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 14 2004 2004 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 16 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 17 that that DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 19 relationship relationship NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 20 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 21 J J NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 22 o o NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 23 u u NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 24 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 25 n n NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 26 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 27 l l NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 28 P p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 29 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 30 e e NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 31 -p -p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 32 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 33 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 34 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 35 f f NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 36 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 37 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 38 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 39 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 40 depends depend VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 41 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 42 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 43 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 44 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 45 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 46 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 47 compatibility compatibility NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 48 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 49 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 50 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 51 actors actor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 52 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 53 goals goal NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 54 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 55 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 56 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 149 57 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 2 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 3 regard regard NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 5 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 6 becomes become VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 7 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 8 influential influential JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 10 complements complement VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 12 weak weak JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 13 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 14 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 16 Horak Horak NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 17 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 18 Yang Yang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 20 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 150 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 3 light light NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 5 potential potential JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 6 cross cross JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 7 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 8 country country JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 9 variations variation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 10 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 11 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 12 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 13 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 14 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 17 extend extend VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 18 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 19 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 20 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 21 expect expect VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 22 that that DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 23 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 24 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 25 association association NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 26 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 27 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 28 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 29 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 30 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 31 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 32 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 33 pronounced pronounced JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 34 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 35 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 36 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 37 weak weak JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 38 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 39 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 151 40 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 152 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 152 2 2008 2008 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 152 3 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 152 4 placed place VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 152 5 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 152 6 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 152 7 -most -most IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 152 8 particularly particularly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 152 9 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 152 10 -at -at . cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 1 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 2 hit hit VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 3 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 4 hard hard JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 5 centre centre NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 7 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 8 resulted result VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 9 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 10 stock stock NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 11 crashes crash NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 13 job job NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 14 losses loss NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 16 huge huge JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 17 liabilities liability NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 19 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 20 failed fail VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 21 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 22 rescued rescue VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 23 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 24 view view NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 25 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 26 consistent consistent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 27 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 28 agency agency NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 29 theory theory NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 31 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 32 purports purport VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 33 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 34 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 35 selfish selfish JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 36 interests interest NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 37 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 38 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 39 managers manager NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 40 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 41 coupled couple VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 42 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 43 information information NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 44 asymmetry asymmetry NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 45 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 46 generally generally RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 47 result result VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 48 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 49 exploitation exploitation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 50 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 51 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 52 expense expense NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 53 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 54 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 55 owners owner NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 57 Healy Healy NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 58 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 59 1985 1985 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 60 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 61 Kothari Kothari NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 62 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 63 2001 2001 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 64 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 65 Schipper Schipper NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 66 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 67 1989 1989 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 153 69 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 1 Empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 2 evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 3 suggests suggest VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 4 high high JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 5 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 6 manipulations manipulation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 8 especially especially RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 9 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 11 early early JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 12 stages stage NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 13 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 15 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 16 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 17 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 18 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 19 were be VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 20 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 22 rise rise NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 24 Türegün Türegün NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 26 2020 2020 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 154 28 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 1 Various various JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 2 reasons reason NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 3 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 4 identified identify VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 5 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 7 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 8 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 9 drivers driver NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 11 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 12 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 13 practices practice NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 14 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 15 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 16 crises crisis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 155 17 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 1 For for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 2 example example NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 4 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 5 may may MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 6 react react VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 7 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 8 different different JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 9 phases phase NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 12 business business NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 13 cycle cycle NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 15 i.e. i.e. FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 17 expansionary expansionary JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 18 vs. vs. FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 19 contractionary contractionary JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 20 phases phase NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 22 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 23 order order NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 24 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 25 maintain maintain VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 26 consistent consistent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 27 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 28 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 29 including include VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 30 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 31 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 32 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 33 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 34 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 36 Johnson Johnson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 37 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 38 1999 1999 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 39 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 40 Kumar Kumar NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 41 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 42 Vij Vij NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 43 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 44 2017 2017 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 156 46 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 1 More more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 2 particularly particularly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 4 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 5 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 6 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 7 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 8 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 9 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 10 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 11 studies study NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 12 indicate indicate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 13 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 14 rating rating NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 15 agencies agency NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 16 play play VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 17 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 18 crucial crucial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 19 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 20 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 21 deterring deter VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 22 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 23 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 24 practices practice NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 25 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 26 downgrading downgrade VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 27 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 28 credit credit NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 29 scores score NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 30 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 31 securities security NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 32 found find VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 33 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 34 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 35 evasive evasive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 37 Gode Gode NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 38 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 39 Sunder Sunder NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 40 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 41 1993 1993 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 157 43 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 2 view view NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 5 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 8 additional additional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 9 cost cost NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 11 capital capital NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 12 / / SYM cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 13 borrowing borrowing NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 14 following follow VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 15 downgrading downgrade VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 17 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 18 may may MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 19 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 20 motivated motivate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 21 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 22 circumvent circumvent VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 23 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 24 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 25 embarking embark VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 26 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 27 offbalance offbalance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 28 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 29 sheet sheet NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 30 adjustments adjustment NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 31 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 32 order order NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 33 reallocate reallocate VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 34 risky risky JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 35 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 36 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 37 special special JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 38 purpose purpose NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 39 vehicles vehicle NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 40 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 41 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 42 statement statement NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 43 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 44 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 45 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 46 position position NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 48 Henderson Henderson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 49 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 50 2000 2000 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 158 52 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 2 contrast contrast NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 5 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 6 well well RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 7 documented document VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 8 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 9 another another DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 10 strand strand NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 11 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 13 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 14 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 15 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 16 plays play VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 17 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 18 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 19 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 20 shaping shape VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 21 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 22 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 23 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 24 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 25 resilience resilience NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 26 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 27 cope cope VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 28 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 29 major major JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 30 life life NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 31 events event NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 32 / / SYM cord-311807-o7d2yure 159 33 changes change NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 160 1 J J NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 160 2 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 160 3 u u NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 160 4 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 160 5 n n NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 160 6 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 160 7 l l NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 160 8 P p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 160 9 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 160 10 e e NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 160 11 -p -p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 161 1 r r LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 162 1 o o UH cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 1 o o UH cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 2 f f NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 4 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 6 Koenig Koenig NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 8 King King NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 10 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 11 Carson Carson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 12 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 13 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 14 McDougle McDougle NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 16 Konrath Konrath NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 18 Walk Walk NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 20 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 21 Handy Handy NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 22 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 23 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 163 25 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 2 psychology psychology NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 4 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 5 indicates indicate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 6 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 7 people people NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 8 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 9 likely likely JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 10 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 11 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 12 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 13 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 14 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 15 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 16 way way NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 18 maintaining maintain VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 20 tranquillity tranquillity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 21 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 22 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 23 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 24 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 25 than than IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 26 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 27 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 28 non non JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 29 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 30 crisis crisis JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 31 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 33 Díez Díez NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 34 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 35 Esteban Esteban NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 36 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 37 Farinha Farinha NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 38 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 39 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 40 García García NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 41 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 42 Gómez Gómez NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 43 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 44 2019 2019 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 164 46 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 1 A a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 2 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 3 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 4 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 5 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 6 time time NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 7 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 8 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 9 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 10 adherence adherence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 11 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 12 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 13 increases increase NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 14 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 15 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 16 result result NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 18 rising rise VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 19 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 20 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 21 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 22 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 23 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 24 fear fear NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 25 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 26 losing lose VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 27 jobs job NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 165 28 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 166 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 166 2 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 166 3 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 166 4 associated associate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 166 5 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 166 6 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 166 7 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 166 8 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 166 9 difficulty difficulty NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 166 10 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 1 As as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 2 such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 4 people people NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 5 attain attain VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 6 well well RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 7 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 8 being be VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 10 psychological psychological JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 11 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 12 spiritual spiritual JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 13 stability stability NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 14 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 15 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 16 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 17 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 18 becoming become VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 19 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 20 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 22 Halikiopoulou Halikiopoulou NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 23 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 24 Vasilopoulou Vasilopoulou NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 26 2013 2013 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 28 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 29 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 30 benefiting benefit VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 31 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 32 strong strong JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 33 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 34 community community NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 35 support support NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 36 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 37 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 38 belonging belong VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 40 Orman Orman NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 41 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 42 2019 2019 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 167 44 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 4 prominent prominent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 5 yet yet CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 6 universal universal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 7 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 8 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 9 plays play VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 10 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 11 providing provide VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 12 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 13 moral moral JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 14 framework framework NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 15 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 16 deterring deter VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 17 unethical unethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 18 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 19 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 20 equally equally RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 21 apply apply VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 22 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 24 functioning functioning NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 25 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 26 both both CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 27 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 28 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 29 non non JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 30 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 31 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 32 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 33 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 34 particularly particularly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 35 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 36 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 37 crises crisis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 39 Marshall Marshall NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 40 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 41 2008 2008 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 168 43 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 3 because because IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 4 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 5 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 6 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 7 involves involve VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 8 strengthening strengthen VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 9 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 10 capital capital NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 11 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 12 enable enable VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 14 members member NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 16 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 17 groups group NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 18 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 19 societies society NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 20 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 21 cope cope VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 22 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 24 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 26 Steenekamp Steenekamp NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 28 Du Du NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 29 Toit Toit NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 31 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 32 Kotzé Kotzé NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 33 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 34 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 169 36 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 1 Despite despite IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 3 increasing increase VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 4 relevance relevance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 6 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 7 strand strand NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 10 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 11 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 12 little little JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 13 evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 14 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 15 documented document VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 16 about about IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 17 how how WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 18 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 19 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 20 may may MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 21 behave behave VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 22 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 23 making make VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 24 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 25 about about IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 26 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 27 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 28 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 29 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 30 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 31 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 170 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 1 Studies study NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 2 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 4 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 6 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 7 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 8 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 9 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 10 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 11 crises crisis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 12 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 13 quite quite RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 14 limited limited JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 16 Adhikari Adhikari NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 17 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 18 Agrawal Agrawal NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 20 2016 2016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 171 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 172 1 5 5 LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 4 conclusion conclusion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 5 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 6 mixed mix VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 7 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 9 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 12 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 13 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 14 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 15 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 16 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 17 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 18 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 19 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 20 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 22 world world NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 24 Kumar Kumar NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 25 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 26 Vij Vij NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 28 2017 2017 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 173 30 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 2 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 3 Europe Europe NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 4 suggests suggest VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 5 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 7 overall overall JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 8 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 10 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 11 manipulation manipulation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 12 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 13 16 16 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 14 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 15 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 17 continent continent NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 18 dropped drop VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 19 significantly significantly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 20 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 22 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 24 Filip Filip NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 25 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 26 Raffournier Raffournier NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 28 2014 2014 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 174 30 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 2 argue argue VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 3 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 4 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 5 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 6 help help VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 7 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 8 within within IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 9 groups group NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 10 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 11 build build VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 12 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 13 capital capital NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 14 prior prior RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 15 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 17 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 18 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 20 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 21 eventually eventually RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 22 results result VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 23 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 24 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 25 calmness calmness NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 26 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 27 stability stability NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 28 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 29 resilience resilience NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 30 needed need VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 31 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 32 cope cope VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 33 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 34 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 35 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 36 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 37 communitarian communitarian JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 38 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 40 Woolcock Woolcock NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 41 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 42 Narayan Narayan NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 43 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 44 2000 2000 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 175 46 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 3 enable enable VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 5 community community NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 6 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 7 oriented orient VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 8 activities activity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 9 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 10 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 11 helps help VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 12 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 13 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 14 bringing bring VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 15 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 16 people people NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 17 together together RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 18 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 19 providing provide VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 20 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 21 sense sense NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 22 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 23 belonging belong VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 176 24 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 2 develops develop VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 3 into into IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 4 working work VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 5 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 6 cross cross NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 7 - - NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 8 purposes purpose NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 9 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 10 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 11 community community NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 12 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 13 placing place VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 15 society society NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 16 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 17 collective collective JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 18 interests interest NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 19 above above IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 20 those those DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 21 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 22 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 23 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 24 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 25 hope hope NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 26 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 27 reward reward NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 28 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 29 either either CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 30 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 31 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 32 supreme supreme JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 33 being be VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 34 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 35 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 36 societal societal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 37 recognition recognition NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 38 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 39 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 40 exemplary exemplary JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 41 pattern pattern NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 42 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 43 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 44 encouraged encourage VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 45 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 46 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 47 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 48 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 50 Halikiopoulou Halikiopoulou NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 51 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 52 Vasilopoulou Vasilopoulou NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 53 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 54 2013 2013 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 177 56 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 2 evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 3 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 4 further far RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 5 strengthened strengthen VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 6 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 7 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 8 recent recent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 9 survey survey NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 10 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 11 showed show VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 12 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 13 over over IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 14 50 50 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 15 per per IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 16 cent cent NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 18 American american JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 19 citizens citizen NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 20 sought seek VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 21 help help NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 22 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 23 God God NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 24 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 25 prayers prayer NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 26 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 27 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 28 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 29 instigated instigate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 30 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 31 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 32 Covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 33 pandemic pandemic NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 35 PEW PEW NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 36 Research Research NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 37 Center Center NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 38 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 39 2020 2020 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 178 41 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 2 prospect prospect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 4 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 5 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 6 providing provide VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 7 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 8 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 9 pathway pathway NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 10 characterised characterise VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 11 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 12 self self NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 13 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 14 sacrifice sacrifice NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 15 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 16 moral moral JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 17 judgement judgement NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 18 could could MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 19 lead lead VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 20 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 21 improved improve VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 22 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 23 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 24 because because IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 25 individuals individual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 26 build build VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 27 more more JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 28 resilience resilience NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 29 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 30 increased increase VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 31 spirituality spirituality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 32 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 33 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 34 periods period NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 36 Orman Orman NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 37 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 38 2019 2019 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 179 40 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 1 Thus thus RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 3 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 4 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 5 managers manager NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 6 acting act VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 7 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 8 agents agent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 10 socialisation socialisation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 11 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 13 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 14 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 15 adherence adherence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 16 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 17 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 18 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 19 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 20 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 21 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 22 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 23 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 24 emphasised emphasised JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 25 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 26 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 27 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 28 than than IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 29 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 30 non non JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 31 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 32 crisis crisis JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 33 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 180 34 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 181 1 Thus thus RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 181 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 181 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 181 4 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 181 5 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 181 6 extended extend VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 181 7 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 181 8 follows follow VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 181 9 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 182 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 182 2 association association NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 182 3 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 182 4 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 182 5 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 182 6 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 182 7 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 182 8 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 182 9 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 182 10 pronounced pronounced JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 182 11 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 182 12 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 182 13 periods period NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 182 14 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 1 To to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 2 measure measure VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 3 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 4 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 5 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 6 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 9 rely rely VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 10 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 11 data datum NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 12 provided provide VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 13 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 15 StarMine StarMine NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 16 database database NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 183 17 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 2 choose choose VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 4 StarMine StarMine NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 5 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 6 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 7 score score NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 9 EARNQUAL EARNQUAL NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 11 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 13 dependent dependent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 14 variable variable NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 15 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 16 various various JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 17 reasons reason NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 184 18 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 1 First first RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 3 recent recent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 4 studies study NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 5 highlight highlight VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 6 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 8 explanatory explanatory JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 9 power power NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 11 accrual accrual NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 12 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 13 based base VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 14 measures measure NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 15 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 16 dramatically dramatically RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 17 declined decline VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 19 Bushman Bushman NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 20 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 21 Lerman Lerman NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 22 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 23 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 24 Zhang Zhang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 26 2016 2016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 185 28 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 186 1 Second second RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 186 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 186 3 highest high JJS cord-311807-o7d2yure 186 4 rank rank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 186 5 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 1 Fourth fourth RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 4 composition composition NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 7 multi multi JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 8 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 9 factor factor NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 10 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 11 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 12 model model NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 13 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 14 designed design VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 15 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 16 provide provide VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 17 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 18 ranks rank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 19 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 20 stocks stock NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 21 whose whose WP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 22 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 23 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 24 backed back VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 25 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 26 cash cash NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 27 flows flow NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 28 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 29 other other JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 30 sustainable sustainable JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 31 sources source NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 32 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 33 while while IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 34 it -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 35 penalises penalise VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 36 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 37 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 38 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 39 driven drive VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 40 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 41 accruals accrual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 42 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 43 other other JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 44 less less JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 45 sustainable sustainable JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 46 sources source NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 187 47 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 2 particular particular JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 4 low low JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 5 EARNQUAL EARNQUAL NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 6 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 7 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 8 indicative indicative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 10 potentially potentially RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 11 low low JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 12 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 13 sustainability sustainability NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 14 over over IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 16 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 17 twelve twelve CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 18 months month NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 188 19 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 189 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 189 2 follow follow VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 189 3 Kanagaretnam Kanagaretnam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 189 4 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 189 5 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 189 6 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 190 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 190 2 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 190 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 190 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 190 5 McGuire McGuire NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 190 6 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 190 7 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 190 8 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 191 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 191 2 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 191 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 191 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 191 5 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 191 6 Parboteeah Parboteeah NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 191 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 191 8 Hoegl Hoegl NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 191 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 191 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 191 11 Cullen Cullen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 191 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 191 13 2008 2008 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 191 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 1 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 2 define define VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 3 adherence adherence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 4 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 5 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 6 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 7 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 8 capturing capture VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 9 three three CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 10 distinct distinct JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 11 dimensions dimension NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 13 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 14 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 15 namely namely RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 16 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 18 a a LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 20 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 21 cognitive cognitive NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 22 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 24 b b LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 26 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 27 affective affective JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 28 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 29 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 31 c c NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 33 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 34 behavioural behavioural NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 192 35 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 2 use use VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 3 data datum NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 4 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 6 World World NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 7 Values Values NNPS cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 8 Survey Survey NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 10 WVS WVS NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 13 specifically specifically RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 14 responses response NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 15 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 16 questions question NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 17 about about IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 18 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 19 importance importance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 20 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 21 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 22 affiliation affiliation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 23 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 24 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 25 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 26 services service NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 27 attendance attendance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 28 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 29 collectively collectively RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 30 determine determine VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 31 adherence adherence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 32 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 33 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 34 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 35 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 36 part part NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 37 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 38 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 39 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 193 40 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 2 particular particular JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 5 create create VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 6 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 7 measure measure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 9 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 11 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 14 definable definable JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 15 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 17 principal principal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 18 component component NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 19 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 20 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 21 proportion proportion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 22 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 23 respondents respondent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 24 who who WP cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 25 indicate indicate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 26 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 28 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 30 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 31 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 32 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 33 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 34 them -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 36 REL_IMP rel_imp UH cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 38 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 40 b b LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 42 they -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 43 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 44 affiliated affiliate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 45 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 46 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 47 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 49 REL_MEMB REL_MEMB NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 51 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 52 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 54 c c NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 56 they -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 57 attend attend VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 58 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 59 services service NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 61 REL_SERV REL_SERV NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 194 63 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 195 1 These these DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 195 2 three three CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 195 3 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 195 4 components component NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 195 5 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 195 6 define define VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 195 7 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 195 8 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 195 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 195 10 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 195 11 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 195 12 perspective perspective NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 195 13 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 2 build build VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 4 model model NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 5 specification specification NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 6 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 7 considering consider VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 8 previous previous JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 9 studies study NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 11 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 13 Abdelsalam Abdelsalam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 14 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 15 Dimitropoulos Dimitropoulos NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 17 Elnahass Elnahass NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 19 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 20 Leventis Leventis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 21 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 22 2016 2016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 23 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 24 Kanagaretnam Kanagaretnam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 25 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 26 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 27 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 28 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 29 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 31 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 32 state state VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 33 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 34 model model NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 35 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 36 follows follow VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 37 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 38 EARNQUAL EARNQUAL NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 196 39 = = NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 197 1 β β NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 197 2 + + CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 197 3 β β NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 197 4 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 197 5 + + CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 198 1 β β NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 198 2 INST_OWN inst_own NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 198 3 + + . cord-311807-o7d2yure 199 1 β β NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 199 2 GOV_OWN GOV_OWN NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 199 3 + + CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 199 4 β β NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 199 5 EBT EBT NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 199 6 + + CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 200 1 β β NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 200 2 SIZE size NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 200 3 + + CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 201 1 β β LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 201 2 LEVERAGE LEVERAGE NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 201 3 + + CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 202 1 β β LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 202 2 GROWTH GROWTH NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 202 3 + + CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 203 1 β β NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 203 2 BIG4 BIG4 NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 203 3 + + CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 203 4 β β NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 203 5 ! ! . cord-311807-o7d2yure 204 1 CFO CFO NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 204 2 + + CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 204 3 β β NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 204 4 GDPGR GDPGR NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 204 5 + + CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 205 1 β β NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 206 1 CORRUP CORRUP NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 206 2 + + CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 207 1 β β LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 207 2 POP pop NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 207 3 + + CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 208 1 β β NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 208 2 MALE MALE NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 208 3 + + . cord-311807-o7d2yure 209 1 ∑ ∑ NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 209 2 YEAR YEAR NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 209 3 + + CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 209 4 ε ε NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 209 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 209 6 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 209 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 1 All all PDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 3 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 6 empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 7 model model NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 8 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 9 estimated estimate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 10 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 11 terms term NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 14 US US NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 15 dollar dollar NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 210 16 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 211 1 EARNQUAL EARNQUAL NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 211 2 denotes denote VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 211 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 211 4 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 211 5 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 211 6 metric metric JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 211 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 211 8 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 211 9 presented present VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 211 10 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 211 11 section section NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 211 12 3.1 3.1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 211 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 211 14 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 1 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 2 represents represent VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 4 principal principal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 5 components component NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 8 three three CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 9 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 10 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 11 REL_IMP rel_imp JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 13 REL_MEMB rel_memb NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 14 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 15 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 16 REL_SERV REL_SERV NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 18 see see VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 19 section section NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 20 3.2 3.2 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 21 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 22 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 23 description description NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 212 25 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 2 include include VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 3 several several JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 4 firm firm JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 5 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 6 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 7 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 8 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 9 control control VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 10 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 11 cross cross JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 12 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 13 sectional sectional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 14 differences difference NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 15 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 16 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 17 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 18 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 19 may may MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 20 influence influence VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 22 relationship relationship NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 23 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 24 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 25 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 26 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 27 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 213 28 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 2 include include VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 4 percentage percentage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 6 stocks stock NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 7 owned own VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 8 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 9 institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 11 INST_OWN inst_own NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 13 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 14 governmental governmental JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 15 investors investor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 17 GOV_OWN gov_own CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 214 19 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 2 anticipate anticipate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 3 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 4 negative negative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 5 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 6 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 7 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 8 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 9 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 10 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 11 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 12 institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 13 investors investor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 14 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 15 J J NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 215 16 o o NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 216 1 u u NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 216 2 r r NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 216 3 n n NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 216 4 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 216 5 l l NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 216 6 P p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 216 7 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 216 8 e e NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 216 9 -p -p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 217 1 r r LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 218 1 o o UH cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 1 o o UH cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 2 f f LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 3 encourage encourage VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 4 short short JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 5 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 6 term term NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 7 managerial managerial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 8 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 9 among among IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 10 firm firm JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 11 managers manager NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 12 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 13 increase increase VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 14 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 15 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 17 Bhide Bhide NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 19 1993 1993 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 21 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 22 while while IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 23 state state NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 24 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 25 owned own VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 26 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 27 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 28 associated associate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 29 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 30 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 31 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 32 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 34 Megginson Megginson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 35 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 36 Nash Nash NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 37 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 38 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 39 Van Van NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 40 Randenborgh Randenborgh NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 41 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 42 1994 1994 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 43 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 44 Shleifer Shleifer NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 45 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 46 1998 1998 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 219 48 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 220 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 220 2 Eq Eq NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 220 3 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 2 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 5 EBT EBT NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 6 denotes denote VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 7 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 8 before before IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 9 taxes taxis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 10 deflated deflate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 11 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 12 lagged lag VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 13 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 14 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 16 Abdelsalam Abdelsalam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 17 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 18 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 19 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 20 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 21 2016 2016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 221 23 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 2 represents represent VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 3 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 4 measure measure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 6 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 7 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 8 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 9 capacity capacity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 10 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 11 use use VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 13 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 14 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 15 generate generate VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 16 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 17 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 18 advance advance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 19 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 21 contractual contractual JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 22 relations relation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 23 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 24 loan loan NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 25 loss loss NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 26 provisions provision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 28 Leventis Leventis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 29 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 30 Dimitropoulos Dimitropoulos NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 31 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 32 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 33 Anandarajan Anandarajan NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 34 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 35 2011 2011 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 222 37 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 223 1 A a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 223 2 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 223 3 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 223 4 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 223 5 expected expect VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 223 6 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 2 measure measure VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 3 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 4 size size NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 5 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 7 natural natural JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 8 logarithm logarithm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 10 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 11 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 13 SIZE size NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 224 15 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 1 Considering consider VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 2 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 3 larger large JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 4 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 5 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 6 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 7 visible visible JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 8 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 10 public public NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 12 Leventis Leventis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 13 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 14 Dimitropoulos Dimitropoulos NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 16 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 225 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 1 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 3 thus thus RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 5 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 6 less less RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 7 likely likely JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 8 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 9 engage engage VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 10 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 11 aggressive aggressive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 12 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 13 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 15 Cornett Cornett NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 16 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 17 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 18 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 20 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 22 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 23 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 24 anticipate anticipate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 25 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 26 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 27 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 28 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 29 SIZE size NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 226 30 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 1 LEVERAGE LEVERAGE NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 2 represents represent VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 4 ratio ratio NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 6 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 7 debt debt NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 8 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 9 common common JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 10 equity equity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 11 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 13 expect expect VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 14 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 15 negative negative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 16 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 17 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 18 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 19 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 20 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 21 levered levered JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 22 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 23 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 24 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 25 likely likely JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 26 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 27 manage manage VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 28 accounting accounting NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 29 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 30 upward upward RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 31 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 32 capital capital NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 33 adequacy adequacy NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 34 requirements requirement NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 35 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 36 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 37 scrutiny scrutiny NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 38 reasons reason NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 227 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 228 1 Cornett Cornett NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 228 2 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 228 3 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 228 4 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 229 1 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 229 2 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 229 3 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 229 4 Leventis Leventis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 229 5 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 229 6 Dimitropoulos Dimitropoulos NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 229 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 229 8 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 229 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 229 10 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 1 GROWTH growth NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 2 captures capture VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 4 change change NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 5 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 6 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 7 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 8 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 9 enters enter VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 10 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 12 model model NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 13 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 14 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 15 measure measure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 16 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 17 growth growth NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 18 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 20 Kanagaretnam Kanagaretnam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 21 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 22 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 23 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 24 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 25 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 230 27 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 1 On on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 3 one one CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 4 hand hand NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 6 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 7 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 8 increased increase VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 9 growth growth NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 10 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 11 were be VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 12 found find VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 13 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 14 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 15 associated associate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 16 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 17 less less JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 18 discretionary discretionary JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 19 accruals accrual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 21 Lai Lai NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 22 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 23 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 26 especially especially RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 27 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 28 they -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 29 experience experience VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 30 increased increase VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 31 monitoring monitoring NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 231 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 1 On on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 3 other other JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 4 hand hand NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 6 Chen Chen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 8 Elder Elder NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 11 Hung Hung NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 13 2010 2010 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 15 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 16 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 17 high high JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 18 investment investment NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 19 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 20 increase increase VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 22 likelihood likelihood NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 23 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 24 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 25 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 26 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 27 controls control NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 28 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 29 high high JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 30 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 31 growth growth NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 32 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 33 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 34 less less RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 35 likely likely JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 36 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 37 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 232 38 effective effective JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 233 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 233 2 Anderson Anderson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 233 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 233 4 Francis Francis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 233 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 233 6 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 233 7 Stokes Stokes NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 233 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 233 9 1993 1993 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 233 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 233 11 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 1 Thus thus RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 4 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 5 not not RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 6 infer infer VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 7 any any DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 8 predictions prediction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 9 about about IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 11 sign sign NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 13 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 14 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 234 15 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 1 BIG4 BIG4 NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 3 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 4 indicator indicator NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 5 variable variable NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 6 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 7 equals equal VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 8 one one CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 9 if if IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 11 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 12 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 13 audited audit VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 14 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 15 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 16 Big Big NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 17 Four Four NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 18 audit audit NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 19 firm firm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 21 Deloitte Deloitte NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 22 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 23 PricewaterhouseCoopers PricewaterhouseCoopers NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 24 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 25 Ernst Ernst NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 26 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 27 Young Young NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 28 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 29 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 30 KPMG KPMG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 32 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 33 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 34 zero zero CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 35 otherwise otherwise RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 235 36 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 1 Banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 2 audited audit VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 3 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 4 BIG4 BIG4 NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 5 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 6 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 7 expected expect VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 8 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 9 report report VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 10 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 11 statements statement NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 13 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 14 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 15 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 17 consequently consequently RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 19 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 20 less less RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 21 likely likely JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 22 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 23 practice practice VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 24 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 25 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 27 Gul Gul NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 28 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 29 Tsui Tsui NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 31 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 32 Dhaliwal Dhaliwal NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 33 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 34 2006 2006 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 236 36 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 2 also also RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 3 control control VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 4 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 5 net net JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 6 cash cash NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 7 flow flow NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 8 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 9 operating operate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 10 activities activity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 11 deflated deflate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 12 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 13 average average JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 14 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 15 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 17 CFO CFO NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 19 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 20 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 21 proxy proxy NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 22 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 23 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 24 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 25 performance performance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 237 26 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 2 expect expect VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 3 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 4 highly highly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 5 performing perform VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 6 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 7 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 8 less less RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 9 likely likely JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 10 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 11 manipulate manipulate VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 13 accounting accounting NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 14 numbers number NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 16 Abdelsalam Abdelsalam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 17 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 18 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 19 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 20 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 21 2016 2016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 238 23 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 239 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 239 2 Eq Eq NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 239 3 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 240 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 240 2 1 1 LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 240 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 240 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 240 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 240 6 also also RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 240 7 control control VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 240 8 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 240 9 demographic demographic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 240 10 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 240 11 bounded bound VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 240 12 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 240 13 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 240 14 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 1 Following follow VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 2 prior prior JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 3 studies study NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 6 augment augment VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 8 model model NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 9 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 11 natural natural JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 12 logarithm logarithm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 13 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 15 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 16 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 17 population population NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 19 POP POP NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 21 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 23 percentage percentage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 24 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 25 male male JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 26 residents resident NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 28 MALE MALE NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 31 Hilary Hilary NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 32 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 33 Hui Hui NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 34 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 35 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 37 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 38 both both DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 39 retrieved retrieve VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 40 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 41 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 42 annual annual JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 43 basis basis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 44 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 45 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 46 World World NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 47 Bank Bank NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 241 48 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 242 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 242 2 conclude conclude VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 242 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 242 4 model model NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 242 5 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 242 6 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 1 -J -J : cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 2 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 3 u u NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 4 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 5 n n NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 6 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 7 l l NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 8 P p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 9 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 10 e e NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 11 -p -p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 12 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 13 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 14 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 15 f f NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 16 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 17 macro macro JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 18 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 19 economic economic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 20 conditions condition NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 21 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 22 including include VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 24 annual annual JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 25 growth growth NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 26 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 27 GDP GDP NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 29 GDPGR GDPGR NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 243 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 2 Kanagaretnam Kanagaretnam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 3 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 4 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 5 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 7 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 11 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 13 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 14 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 15 corruption corruption NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 16 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 17 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 244 18 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 245 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 245 2 Abdelsalam Abdelsalam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 245 3 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 245 4 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 245 5 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 245 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 245 7 2016 2016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 245 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 1 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 2 derived derive VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 3 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 4 World World NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 5 Bank Bank NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 6 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 7 World World NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 8 Governance Governance NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 9 Indicators Indicators NNPS cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 10 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 11 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 12 Leuz Leuz NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 14 Nanda Nanda NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 16 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 17 Wysocki Wysocki NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 19 2003 2003 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 21 document document NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 22 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 23 corruption corruption NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 24 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 25 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 26 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 27 determinant determinant NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 28 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 29 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 30 accounting accounting NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 31 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 246 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 1 CORRUP CORRUP NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 2 takes take VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 3 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 4 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 5 zero zero CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 6 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 7 100 100 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 9 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 11 highest high JJS cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 12 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 13 indicating indicate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 15 highest high JJS cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 16 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 18 perception perception NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 19 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 20 corruption corruption NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 21 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 22 meaning mean VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 23 more more JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 24 corruption corruption NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 25 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 26 terms term NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 27 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 28 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 29 government government NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 30 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 31 officials official NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 247 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 248 1 Throughout throughout IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 248 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 248 3 analysis analysis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 248 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 248 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 248 6 standardise standardise VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 248 7 CORRUP CORRUP NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 248 8 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 248 9 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 248 10 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 248 11 zero zero CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 248 12 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 248 13 one one CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 248 14 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 2 standard standard JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 3 errors error NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 5 all all PDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 7 regression regression NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 8 estimates estimate NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 9 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 10 adjusted adjust VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 11 using use VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 12 heteroskedasticity heteroskedasticity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 13 corrected correct VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 15 clustered cluster VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 16 robust robust JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 17 standard standard JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 18 errors error NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 20 clustered cluster VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 21 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 22 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 249 23 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 250 1 * * NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 250 2 denotes denote VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 250 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 250 4 error error NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 250 5 term term NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 250 6 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 1 Finally finally RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 4 control control VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 5 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 6 year year NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 7 dummies dummy NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 8 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 9 winsorise winsorise NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 10 all all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 11 continuous continuous JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 12 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 13 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 15 top top NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 16 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 17 bottom bottom JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 18 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 19 per per IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 20 cent cent NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 21 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 22 mitigate mitigate VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 24 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 25 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 26 outliers outlier NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 27 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 28 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 29 present present VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 30 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 31 variable variable JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 32 definitions definition NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 33 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 34 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 251 35 I. I. NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 2 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 3 advocates advocate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 5 existence existence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 7 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 8 interrelationship interrelationship NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 9 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 10 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 11 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 13 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 14 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 15 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 17 indicating indicate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 18 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 19 bidirectional bidirectional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 20 version version NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 21 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 22 causality causality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 24 Berggren Berggren NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 25 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 26 Bjørnskov Bjørnskov NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 28 2013 2013 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 252 30 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 253 1 6 6 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 3 previous previous JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 4 studies study NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 5 raise raise VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 6 concerns concern NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 7 about about IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 9 potential potential JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 10 endogeneity endogeneity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 11 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 12 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 13 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 14 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 15 behaviour behaviour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 17 Callen Callen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 18 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 19 Fang Fang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 20 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 21 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 22 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 23 Hilary Hilary NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 24 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 25 Hui Hui NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 26 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 27 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 28 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 29 Jiang Jiang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 31 John John NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 32 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 33 Li Li NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 34 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 35 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 36 Qian Qian NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 37 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 38 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 40 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 41 respect respect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 42 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 43 potential potential JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 44 omitted omit VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 45 unobservable unobservable JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 46 factors factor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 47 affecting affect VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 48 people people NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 49 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 50 faith faith NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 51 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 52 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 53 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 54 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 55 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 254 56 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 1 To to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 2 control control VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 3 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 4 potential potential JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 5 endogeneity endogeneity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 8 adopt adopt VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 9 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 10 instrumental instrumental JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 11 variable variable JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 12 two two CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 13 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 14 stage stage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 15 least least JJS cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 16 squares square NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 18 IV-2SLS iv-2sls NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 20 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 21 use use VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 23 Fox Fox NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 25 2011 2011 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 27 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 28 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 29 state state NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 30 regulation regulation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 31 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 32 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 34 SCX SCX NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 36 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 37 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 38 instrumental instrumental JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 39 variable variable NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 255 40 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 2 differentiate differentiate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 3 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 4 previous previous JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 5 studies study NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 7 i.e. i.e. FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 9 Barro Barro NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 10 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 11 McCleary McCleary NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 13 2003 2003 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 14 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 15 McCleary McCleary NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 16 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 17 Barro Barro NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 19 2006 2006 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 21 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 23 way way NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 24 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 25 measure measure VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 26 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 27 state state NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 28 regulation regulation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 29 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 30 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 31 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 32 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 33 instead instead RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 34 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 35 using use VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 36 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 37 binary binary JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 38 measure measure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 39 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 40 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 41 include include VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 42 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 43 scale scale NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 44 indicating indicate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 45 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 46 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 47 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 48 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 49 each each DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 50 state state NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 51 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 52 willing willing JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 53 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 54 restrict restrict VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 55 some some DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 56 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 57 all all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 58 religions religion NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 256 59 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 1 SCX SCX NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 2 takes take VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 3 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 4 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 5 zero zero CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 6 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 7 five five CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 8 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 9 captures capture VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 11 exact exact JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 12 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 13 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 14 official official JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 15 restrictions restriction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 16 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 17 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 257 18 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 2 expect expect VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 3 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 4 negative negative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 5 relation relation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 6 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 7 SCX SCX NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 8 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 9 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 10 since since IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 12 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 14 restrictions restriction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 15 imposed impose VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 17 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 18 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 19 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 20 decrease decrease NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 21 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 23 efficiency efficiency NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 24 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 25 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 26 providers provider NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 27 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 28 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 29 therefore therefore RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 31 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 32 lower low JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 33 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 34 rates rate NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 35 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 36 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 37 services service NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 38 attendance attendance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 40 Barro Barro NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 41 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 42 McCleary McCleary NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 43 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 44 2003 2003 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 45 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 46 McCleary McCleary NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 47 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 48 Barro Barro NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 49 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 50 2006 2006 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 258 52 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 1 Although although IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 2 state state NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 3 regulation regulation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 5 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 6 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 7 likely likely JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 8 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 9 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 10 related relate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 11 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 12 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 14 there there EX cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 15 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 16 no no DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 17 obvious obvious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 18 reason reason NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 19 why why WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 21 should should MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 22 affect affect VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 23 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 24 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 25 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 26 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 27 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 259 28 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 1 To to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 2 test test VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 4 predictions prediction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 7 construct construct VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 8 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 9 global global JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 10 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 12 all all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 13 listed list VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 14 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 15 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 16 common common JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 17 support support NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 18 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 19 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 20 Orbis Orbis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 21 Bank Bank NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 22 Focus Focus NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 23 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 24 StarMine StarMine NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 25 databases database NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 260 26 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 261 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 261 2 consider consider VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 261 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 261 4 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 261 5 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 261 6 2002 2002 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 261 7 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 261 8 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 261 9 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 2 omit omit VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 3 444 444 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 4 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 5 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 7 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 10 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 11 headquarters headquarters NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 12 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 13 not not RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 14 covered cover VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 15 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 17 World World NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 18 Values Values NNPS cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 19 Survey Survey NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 262 20 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 263 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 263 2 data data NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 263 3 requirements requirement NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 263 4 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 263 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 263 6 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 263 7 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 263 8 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 263 9 Eq Eq NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 263 10 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 2 1 1 LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 4 drop drop VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 5 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 6 further further JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 7 329 329 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 8 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 9 due due JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 10 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 11 missing miss VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 12 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 13 information information NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 15 12 12 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 16 due due JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 17 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 18 missing miss VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 19 ownership ownership NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 20 structure structure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 21 data datum NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 264 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 1 Following follow VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 2 Beck Beck NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 4 Demirgüç Demirgüç NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 5 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 6 Kunt Kunt NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 8 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 9 Merrouche Merrouche NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 11 2013 2013 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 14 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 15 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 16 selection selection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 17 criteria criterion NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 18 require require VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 19 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 20 least least RBS cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 21 two two CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 22 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 23 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 24 year year NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 25 observations observation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 26 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 27 each each DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 28 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 29 within within IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 30 one one CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 31 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 32 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 33 at at RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 34 least least RBS cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 35 two two CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 36 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 37 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 38 one one CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 39 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 40 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 41 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 42 thus thus RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 43 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 44 eliminate eliminate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 45 16 16 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 46 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 265 47 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 2 final final JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 3 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 4 comprises comprise VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 5 1,283 1,283 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 6 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 8 translated translate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 9 into into IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 10 7,619 7,619 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 11 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 12 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 13 year year NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 14 observations observation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 16 scattered scatter VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 17 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 18 39 39 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 19 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 21 see see VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 22 Table table NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 23 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 266 25 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 2 right right JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 3 side side NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 5 Table table NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 6 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 7 shows show VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 9 composite composite JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 10 measure measure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 12 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 14 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 16 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 18 constituents constituent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 20 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 21 per per IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 22 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 267 23 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 2 table table NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 3 shows show VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 4 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 5 China China NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 7 Japan Japan NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 10 Sweden Sweden NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 11 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 12 among among IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 14 bottom bottom JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 15 three three CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 17 while while IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 18 Ghana Ghana NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 20 Morocco Morocco NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 21 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 22 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 24 Philippines Philippines NNPS cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 25 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 26 among among IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 27 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 28 top top JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 29 three three CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 30 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 31 terms term NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 32 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 33 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 34 importance importance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 35 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 36 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 37 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 38 affiliation affiliation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 39 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 40 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 41 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 42 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 43 attendance attendance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 44 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 45 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 46 services service NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 268 47 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 269 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 269 2 Insert Insert NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 269 3 Table Table NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 269 4 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 269 5 about about IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 269 6 here here RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 269 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 270 1 4 4 LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 270 2 Empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 270 3 Results result NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 2 provide provide VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 4 descriptive descriptive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 5 statistics statistic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 8 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 9 included include VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 10 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 12 analysis analysis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 13 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 14 Table Table NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 15 2 2 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 271 16 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 2 mean mean JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 3 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 6 dependent dependent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 7 variable variable NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 8 suggests suggest VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 9 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 11 average average JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 12 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 13 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 14 ranked rank VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 15 approximately approximately RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 16 44 44 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 17 th th XX cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 18 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 19 compared compare VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 20 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 21 all all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 22 other other JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 23 securities security NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 24 trading trading NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 25 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 26 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 27 same same JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 28 region region NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 30 EARNQUAL EARNQUAL NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 31 = = NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 32 44.30 44.30 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 272 34 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 2 mean mean JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 3 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 5 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 6 before before IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 7 taxes taxis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 8 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 9 1.7 1.7 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 10 per per IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 11 cent cent NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 13 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 14 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 16 similar similar JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 17 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 19 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 20 reported report VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 21 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 22 Abdelsalam Abdelsalam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 23 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 24 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 273 25 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 274 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 274 2 2016 2016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 274 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 274 4 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 2 average average JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 3 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 4 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 5 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 6 leverage leverage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 7 ratio ratio NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 9 0.85 0.85 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 11 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 12 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 13 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 14 growth growth NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 16 7.6 7.6 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 17 per per IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 18 cent cent NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 20 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 22 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 23 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 24 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 25 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 26 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 27 lower low JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 28 compared compare VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 29 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 30 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 31 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 32 reported report VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 33 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 34 Kanagaretnam Kanagaretnam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 35 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 36 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 275 37 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 276 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 276 2 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 276 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 276 4 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 277 1 Finally finally RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 277 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 277 3 BIG4 BIG4 NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 277 4 audit audit NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 277 5 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 277 6 audit audit VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 277 7 46.5 46.5 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 277 8 per per IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 277 9 cent cent NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 277 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 277 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 277 12 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 277 13 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 277 14 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 278 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 278 2 Insert Insert NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 278 3 Table Table NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 278 4 2 2 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 278 5 about about IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 278 6 here here RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 278 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 1 J J NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 2 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 3 u u NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 4 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 5 n n NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 6 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 7 l l NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 8 P p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 9 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 10 e e NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 11 -p -p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 12 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 13 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 14 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 15 f f NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 16 Table table NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 17 3 3 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 18 presents present VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 19 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 20 Pearson Pearson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 21 correlation correlation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 22 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 23 among among IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 24 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 25 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 26 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 279 27 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 2 largest large JJS cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 3 correlation correlation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 4 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 5 observed observe VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 6 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 7 those those DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 8 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 9 CFO CFO NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 11 EBT EBT NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 13 0.58 0.58 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 16 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 17 CFO CFO NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 18 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 19 LEVERAGE LEVERAGE NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 21 -0.53 -0.53 NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 23 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 24 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 25 thus thus RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 26 suggest suggest VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 27 no no DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 28 serious serious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 29 problem problem NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 30 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 31 multicollinearity multicollinearity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 280 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 3 also also RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 4 verified verify VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 5 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 7 low low JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 8 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 11 mean mean JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 12 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 13 variance variance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 14 inflation inflation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 15 factors factor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 17 VIFs VIFs NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 20 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 21 do do VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 22 not not RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 23 exceed exceed VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 24 5.53 5.53 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 25 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 26 all all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 27 models model NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 28 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 29 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 30 even even RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 31 lower low JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 32 than than IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 33 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 34 cut cut VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 35 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 36 off off RP cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 37 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 38 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 39 10 10 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 41 Studenmund Studenmund NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 42 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 43 2016 2016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 281 45 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 1 Finally finally RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 4 observe observe VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 5 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 7 main main JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 8 variable variable NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 10 interest interest NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 11 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 12 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 14 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 15 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 16 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 17 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 18 statistically statistically RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 19 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 20 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 22 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 23 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 24 % % NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 26 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 27 EARNQUAL EARNQUAL NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 282 28 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 283 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 283 2 Insert Insert NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 283 3 Table Table NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 283 4 3 3 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 283 5 about about IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 283 6 here here RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 283 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 1 Column column NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 2 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 4 Table Table NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 5 4 4 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 6 presents present VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 8 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 10 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 11 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 13 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 14 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 17 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 18 compared compare VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 19 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 20 all all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 21 other other JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 22 securities security NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 23 trading trading NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 24 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 25 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 26 same same JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 27 region region NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 29 EARNQUAL EARNQUAL NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 31 using use VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 32 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 33 IV-2SLS IV-2SLS NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 34 approach approach NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 284 35 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 1 Hence hence RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 4 suppress suppress VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 6 first first JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 7 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 8 stage stage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 9 results result NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 10 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 12 sake sake NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 13 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 14 brevity brevity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 16 while while IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 18 report report VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 19 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 20 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 21 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 23 instrument instrument NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 24 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 25 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 26 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 27 namely namely RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 28 SCX SCX NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 285 29 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 2 observe observe VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 3 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 4 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 5 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 6 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 7 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 8 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 9 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 10 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 11 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 12 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 14 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 15 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 16 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 17 ≤ ≤ NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 18 0.01 0.01 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 20 after after IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 21 controlling control VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 22 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 23 numerous numerous JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 24 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 25 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 26 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 27 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 28 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 29 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 30 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 31 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 32 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 33 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 34 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 35 thus thus RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 36 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 37 accept accept VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 38 H H NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 39 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 286 40 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 287 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 287 2 Hausman Hausman NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 287 3 statistic statistic NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 287 4 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 287 5 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 287 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 287 7 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 287 8 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 287 9 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 287 10 ≤ ≤ NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 287 11 0.01 0.01 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 287 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 287 13 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 288 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 288 2 indicates indicate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 288 3 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 288 4 IV-2SLS IV-2SLS NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 288 5 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 288 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 288 7 preferred preferred JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 288 8 estimation estimation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 288 9 relative relative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 288 10 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 288 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 288 12 OLS OLS NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 288 13 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 2 partial partial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 3 R r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 4 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 5 squares square NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 6 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 8 F F NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 9 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 10 statistics statistic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 11 indicate indicate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 12 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 14 instrument instrument NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 15 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 16 highly highly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 17 correlated correlate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 18 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 19 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 20 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 21 variable variable NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 289 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 2 high high JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 3 F f NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 4 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 5 statistic statistic NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 7 64.17 64.17 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 8 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 9 above above IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 11 threshold threshold NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 13 10 10 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 15 Staiger Staiger NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 16 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 17 Stock Stock NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 19 1997 1997 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 21 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 22 suggests suggest VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 23 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 24 strong strong JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 25 instrument instrument NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 290 26 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 1 Referring refer VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 2 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 4 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 5 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 6 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 7 Column column NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 8 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 10 Table Table NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 11 4 4 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 13 most most JJS cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 14 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 16 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 17 have have VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 19 predicted predict VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 20 sign sign NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 291 21 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 2 negative negative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 3 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 5 INST_OWN inst_own CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 6 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 7 GOV_OWN GOV_OWN NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 8 corroborate corroborate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 10 findings finding NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 12 previous previous JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 13 studies study NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 15 Bhide Bhide NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 17 1993 1993 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 18 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 19 Megginson Megginson NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 20 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 21 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 292 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 293 1 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 293 2 1994 1994 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 293 3 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 293 4 Shleifer Shleifer NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 293 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 293 6 1998 1998 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 293 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 293 8 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 1 EBT EBT NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 2 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 3 SIZE SIZE NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 4 have have VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 5 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 6 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 8 supporting support VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 10 notion notion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 11 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 12 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 13 profitable profitable JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 15 larger large JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 16 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 18 respectively respectively RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 20 have have VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 21 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 22 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 23 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 25 Cornett Cornett NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 26 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 27 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 28 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 29 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 30 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 294 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 295 1 LEVERAGE LEVERAGE NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 295 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 295 3 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 295 4 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 295 5 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 295 6 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 295 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 295 8 10 10 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 295 9 per per NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 295 10 cent cent NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 295 11 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 295 12 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 2 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 3 sign sign NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 4 contrasts contrast VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 6 findings finding NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 8 previous previous JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 9 studies study NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 11 Cornett Cornett NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 12 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 13 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 14 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 16 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 17 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 18 Leventis Leventis NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 19 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 20 Dimitropoulos Dimitropoulos NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 21 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 22 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 296 24 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 2 negative negative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 3 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 4 statistically statistically RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 5 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 6 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 7 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 8 GROWTH growth NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 9 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 10 consistent consistent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 11 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 13 findings finding NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 14 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 15 Chen Chen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 16 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 17 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 297 18 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 298 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 298 2 2010 2010 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 298 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 298 4 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 1 BIG4 BIG4 NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 3 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 4 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 5 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 7 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 8 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 9 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 10 ≤ ≤ NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 11 0.01 0.01 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 13 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 14 indicates indicate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 15 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 16 BIG4 BIG4 NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 17 clients client NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 18 have have VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 19 better well JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 20 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 21 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 23 Gul Gul NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 24 et et FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 25 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 26 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 28 2006 2006 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 299 30 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 300 1 Finally finally RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 300 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 300 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 300 4 magnitude magnitude NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 300 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 300 6 CORRUP CORRUP NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 300 7 corroborates corroborate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 300 8 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 300 9 Leuz Leuz NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 300 10 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 300 11 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 300 12 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 301 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 301 2 2003 2003 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 301 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 301 4 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 301 5 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 301 6 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 301 7 increases increase NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 301 8 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 301 9 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 301 10 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 301 11 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 301 12 corruption corruption NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 301 13 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 1 Next next RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 4 test test VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 6 sub sub NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 7 - - NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 8 hypotheses hypothesis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 9 regarding regard VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 11 variations variation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 12 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 14 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 16 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 302 17 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 2 particular particular JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 5 expect expect VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 7 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 9 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 10 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 11 vary vary VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 12 due due JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 13 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 14 cross cross JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 15 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 16 country country JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 17 differences difference NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 303 18 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 2 order order NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 3 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 4 assess assess VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 6 validity validity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 9 sub sub NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 10 - - NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 11 hypotheses hypothesis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 14 empirically empirically RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 15 test test VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 17 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 18 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 19 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 20 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 21 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 22 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 23 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 24 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 25 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 26 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 27 several several JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 28 forms form NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 29 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 31 a a LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 33 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 34 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 35 located locate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 36 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 37 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 38 where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 39 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 40 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 41 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 42 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 43 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 44 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 46 H h NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 47 2A 2a NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 48 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 49 subsection subsection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 50 4.2.1 4.2.1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 52 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 54 b b NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 56 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 57 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 58 located locate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 59 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 60 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 61 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 62 poor poor JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 63 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 64 protection protection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 65 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 66 H h NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 67 2B 2b CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 68 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 69 subsection subsection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 70 4.2.2 4.2.2 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 71 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 72 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 73 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 74 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 75 c c NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 76 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 77 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 78 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 79 global global JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 80 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 81 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 82 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 83 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 84 H h NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 85 2C 2c NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 86 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 87 subsection subsection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 88 4.2.3 4.2.3 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 89 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 304 90 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 305 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 305 2 present present VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 305 3 these these DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 305 4 results result NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 305 5 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 305 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 305 7 sub sub NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 305 8 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 305 9 sections section NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 305 10 below below RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 305 11 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 306 1 Prior prior JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 306 2 studies study NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 306 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 306 4 Halikiopoulou Halikiopoulou NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 306 5 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 306 6 Vasilopoulou Vasilopoulou NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 306 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 306 8 2013 2013 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 306 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 1 To to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 2 test test VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 3 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 4 prediction prediction NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 7 collect collect VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 8 data datum NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 9 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 11 importance importance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 13 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 14 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 15 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 16 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 17 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 18 two two CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 19 sources source NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 307 20 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 1 First first RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 4 consider consider VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 6 cross cross JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 7 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 8 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 9 survey survey NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 12 PEW PEW NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 13 Research Research NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 14 Center Center NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 16 2016 2016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 17 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 18 13 13 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 19 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 308 20 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 1 Second second RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 4 collect collect VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 5 data datum NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 6 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 8 International International NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 9 Social Social NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 10 Survey Survey NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 11 Programme Programme NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 13 ISSP ISSP NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 16 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 17 conducted conduct VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 18 three three CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 19 cross cross JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 20 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 21 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 22 surveys survey NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 23 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 24 1995 1995 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 26 2003 2003 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 27 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 28 2013 2013 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 29 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 30 44 44 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 31 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 309 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 310 1 8 8 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 1 Both both DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 2 organisations organisation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 3 asked ask VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 4 participants participant NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 5 how how WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 6 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 8 " " `` cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 9 dominant dominant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 10 denomination denomination NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 11 " " '' cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 12 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 13 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 14 being be VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 15 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 16 truly truly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 17 " " `` cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 18 survey survey NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 19 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 20 nationality nationality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 21 " " '' cord-311807-o7d2yure 311 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 1 Using use VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 2 data datum NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 3 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 4 both both DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 5 sources source NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 8 create create VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 9 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 10 aggregate aggregate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 11 measure measure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 13 defined define VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 14 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 16 sum sum NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 19 percentage percentage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 20 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 21 respondents respondent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 22 indicating indicate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 23 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 24 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 25 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 26 very very RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 27 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 28 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 29 somewhat somewhat RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 30 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 31 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 33 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 34 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 312 35 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 1 To to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 2 overcome overcome VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 4 issue issue NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 6 missing miss VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 7 data datum NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 8 because because IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 11 discontinued discontinue VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 12 participation participation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 13 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 14 certain certain JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 15 7 7 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 16 For for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 17 more more JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 18 information information NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 19 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 20 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 21 " " `` cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 22 Global Global NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 23 Attitudes Attitudes NNPS cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 24 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 25 Trends Trends NNPS cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 26 " " '' cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 27 survey survey NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 28 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 29 conducted conduct VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 30 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 31 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 32 PEW PEW NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 33 Research Research NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 34 Center Center NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 35 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 36 please please UH cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 37 visit visit VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 38 http://www.pewglobal.org/dataset/spring-2016-survey-data/ http://www.pewglobal.org/dataset/spring-2016-survey-data/ NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 40 Accessed access VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 41 12 12 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 42 June June NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 43 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 44 2020 2020 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 313 46 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 314 1 8 8 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 1 For for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 2 more more JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 3 information information NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 4 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 6 ISSP ISSP NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 7 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 8 cross cross JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 9 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 10 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 11 surveys survey NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 13 please please UH cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 14 visit visit VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 315 15 https://www.gesis.org/issp/modules/issp-modules-by-topic/national-identity/ https://www.gesis.org/issp/modules/issp-modules-by-topic/national-identity/ . cord-311807-o7d2yure 316 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 316 2 Accessed access VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 316 3 12 12 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 316 4 June June NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 316 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 316 6 2020 2020 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 316 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 316 8 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 1 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 2 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 4 surveys survey NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 7 use use VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 8 linear linear JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 9 interpolation interpolation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 10 / / SYM cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 11 extrapolation extrapolation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 12 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 13 fill fill VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 14 any any DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 15 missing miss VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 16 observations observation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 317 17 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 318 1 9 9 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 2 Column column NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 3 2 2 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 5 Table Table NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 6 4 4 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 9 test test VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 10 H h NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 11 2A 2a NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 12 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 13 incorporate incorporate VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 15 interaction interaction NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 16 term term NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 17 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 18 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 19 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 20 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 21 indicator indicator NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 22 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 23 equals equal VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 24 one one CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 25 if if IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 26 more more JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 27 than than IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 28 50 50 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 29 per per IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 30 cent cent NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 31 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 32 respondents respondent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 33 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 34 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 35 aforementioned aforementioned JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 36 sources source NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 37 indicated indicate VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 38 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 39 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 40 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 41 very very RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 42 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 43 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 44 somewhat somewhat RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 45 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 46 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 47 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 48 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 49 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 51 REL_IMPORT_NAT_ID REL_IMPORT_NAT_ID NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 53 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 54 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 55 zero zero CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 56 otherwise otherwise RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 319 57 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 2 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 4 RELIG×REL_IMPORT_NAT_ID relig×rel_import_nat_id NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 5 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 6 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 7 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 8 statistically statistically RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 9 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 11 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 12 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 13 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 14 ≤ ≤ NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 15 0.05 0.05 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 320 17 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 1 Comparing compare VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 3 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 6 interaction interaction NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 7 term term NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 8 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 9 that that DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 11 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 12 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 14 baseline baseline JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 15 model model NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 17 Column column NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 18 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 20 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 21 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 22 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 23 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 24 stronger strong JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 25 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 26 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 27 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 28 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 29 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 30 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 31 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 32 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 33 it -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 34 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 35 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 36 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 37 element element NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 38 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 39 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 40 nation nation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 41 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 42 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 321 43 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 1 Despite despite IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 3 observed observed JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 4 negative negative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 5 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 7 REL_IMPORT_NAT_ID REL_IMPORT_NAT_ID NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 9 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 10 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 11 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 12 ≤ ≤ NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 13 0.05 0.05 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 17 relative relative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 18 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 19 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 20 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 21 interaction interaction NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 22 term term NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 23 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 24 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 25 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 26 magnitude magnitude NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 28 suggesting suggest VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 29 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 30 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 31 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 32 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 33 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 34 strengthens strengthen VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 35 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 36 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 37 where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 38 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 39 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 40 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 41 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 42 element element NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 43 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 44 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 45 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 46 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 47 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 48 thus thus RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 49 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 50 accept accept VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 51 H H NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 52 2A 2a CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 322 53 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 2 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 3 section section NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 6 assess assess VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 7 whether whether IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 9 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 11 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 12 strengthens strengthen VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 13 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 14 weak weak JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 15 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 16 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 17 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 19 H H NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 20 2B 2b CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 323 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 2 use use VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 4 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 5 rights right NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 6 index index NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 7 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 9 Doing Doing NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 10 Business Business NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 11 Project Project NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 12 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 13 189 189 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 14 economies economy NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 16 similar similar JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 17 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 18 Qian Qian NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 19 et et FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 20 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 324 21 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 2 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 5 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 6 capture capture VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 8 strength strength NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 10 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 11 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 12 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 13 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 14 protection protection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 325 15 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 326 1 10 10 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 1 Using use VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 3 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 4 median median NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 6 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 7 protection protection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 10 create create VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 11 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 12 indicator indicator NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 13 variable variable NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 15 LOW_LEGAL_PROT LOW_LEGAL_PROT NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 17 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 18 equals equal VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 19 one one CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 20 if if IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 22 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 23 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 24 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 25 protection protection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 26 index index NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 27 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 28 lower low JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 29 than than IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 30 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 31 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 32 median median NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 33 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 34 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 35 zero zero CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 36 otherwise otherwise RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 327 37 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 1 Column column NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 2 3 3 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 3 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 4 Table Table NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 5 4 4 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 6 indicates indicate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 7 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 9 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 12 interaction interaction NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 13 term term NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 14 RELIG×LOW_LEGAL_PROT relig×low_legal_prot NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 15 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 16 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 17 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 18 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 20 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 21 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 22 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 23 ≤ ≤ NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 24 0.01 0.01 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 26 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 27 suggesting suggest VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 28 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 29 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 30 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 31 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 32 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 33 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 34 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 35 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 36 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 37 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 38 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 39 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 40 prominent prominent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 41 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 42 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 43 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 44 lax lax JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 45 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 46 protection protection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 328 47 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 4 evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 5 confirms confirm VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 7 notion notion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 8 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 9 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 10 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 11 have have VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 12 larger large JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 13 effects effect NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 14 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 15 regions region NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 16 where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 17 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 18 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 19 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 20 less less RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 329 21 effective effective JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 330 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 330 2 Guiso Guiso NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 330 3 et et FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 330 4 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 330 5 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 330 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 330 7 2004 2004 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 330 8 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 330 9 North North NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 330 10 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 330 11 1994 1994 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 1 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 2 Qian Qian NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 3 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 4 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 5 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 7 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 11 thus thus RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 13 accept accept VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 14 H H NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 15 2B 2b CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 331 16 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 2 also also RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 3 examine examine VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 4 whether whether IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 6 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 8 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 9 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 10 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 11 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 12 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 13 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 14 varies vary VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 15 over over IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 16 time time NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 18 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 19 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 20 particular particular JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 21 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 23 global global JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 24 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 25 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 26 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 332 27 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 2 create create VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 3 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 4 indicator indicator NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 5 9 9 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 6 Linear linear JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 7 interpolation interpolation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 8 / / SYM cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 9 extrapolation extrapolation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 10 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 11 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 12 common common JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 13 practice practice NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 14 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 16 prior prior JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 17 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 19 see see VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 20 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 333 21 example example NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 334 1 Dyreng Dyreng NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 334 2 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 334 3 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 334 4 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 334 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 334 6 2012 2012 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 334 7 ; ; . cord-311807-o7d2yure 335 1 Kumar Kumar NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 335 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 335 3 Page Page NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 335 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 335 5 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 335 6 Spalt Spalt NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 335 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 335 8 2011 2011 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 335 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 335 10 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 336 1 10 10 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 2 index index NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 3 ranges range VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 4 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 5 0 0 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 6 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 7 12 12 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 10 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 11 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 12 indicate indicate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 13 better well JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 14 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 15 protection protection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 337 16 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 338 1 Details detail NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 338 2 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 338 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 338 4 index index NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 338 5 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 338 6 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 338 7 found find VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 338 8 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 339 1 http://www.doingbusiness.org/ http://www.doingbusiness.org/ NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 339 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 339 3 Accessed access VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 339 4 12 12 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 339 5 June June NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 339 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 339 7 2020 2020 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 339 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 339 9 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 2 CRISIS crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 4 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 5 equals equal VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 6 one one CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 7 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 9 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 10 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 12 i.e. i.e. FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 14 2007 2007 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 15 - - SYM cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 16 2009 2009 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 19 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 20 zero zero CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 21 otherwise otherwise RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 340 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 2 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 4 RELIG×CRISIS RELIG×CRISIS NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 5 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 6 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 7 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 8 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 10 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 11 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 12 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 13 ≤ ≤ NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 14 0.01 0.01 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 16 Column column NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 17 4 4 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 18 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 19 Table Table NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 20 _SP cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 21 4 4 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 23 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 24 while while IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 25 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 26 CRISIS crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 27 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 28 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 29 statistically statistically RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 30 insignificant insignificant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 341 31 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 1 Comparing compare VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 3 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 6 interaction interaction NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 7 term term NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 8 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 9 that that DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 11 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 12 alone alone RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 15 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 16 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 17 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 18 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 19 more more JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 20 than than IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 21 doubled double VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 22 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 24 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 25 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 342 26 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 1 Such such JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 2 evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 3 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 4 supportive supportive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 7 last last JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 8 sub sub NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 9 - - NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 10 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 12 H H NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 13 2C 2c NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 15 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 16 also also RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 17 consistent consistent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 18 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 19 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 20 notion notion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 21 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 23 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 24 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 25 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 26 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 27 stronger strong JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 28 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 29 recessions recession NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 30 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 31 periods period NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 32 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 33 turbulence turbulence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 34 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 35 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 36 market market NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 38 Adhikari Adhikari NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 39 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 40 Agrawal Agrawal NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 41 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 42 2016 2016 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 43 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 44 Jiang Jiang NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 45 et et FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 46 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 47 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 48 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 49 2018 2018 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 343 51 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 1 Given give VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 2 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 3 there there EX cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 4 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 5 various various JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 6 ways way NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 7 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 8 measure measure VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 9 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 10 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 12 conduct conduct VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 13 additional additional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 14 tests test NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 15 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 16 probe probe VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 17 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 18 robustness robustness NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 19 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 20 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 21 inferences inference NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 22 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 23 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 24 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 25 association association NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 26 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 27 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 28 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 29 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 30 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 31 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 344 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 2 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 3 regard regard NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 6 use use VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 8 components component NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 10 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 11 measure measure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 13 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 15 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 18 namely namely RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 19 REL_IMP rel_imp JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 20 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 21 REL_MEMB rel_memb NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 22 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 23 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 24 REL_SERV REL_SERV NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 26 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 27 alternative alternative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 28 measures measure NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 29 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 30 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 345 31 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 1 Panel Panel NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 2 A a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 4 Table table NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 5 5 5 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 6 reports report VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 7 these these DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 8 additional additional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 9 tests test NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 10 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 11 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 12 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 14 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 16 all all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 17 three three CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 18 measures measure NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 19 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 20 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 21 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 22 statistically statistically RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 346 23 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 347 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 347 2 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 347 3 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 347 4 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 347 5 ≤ ≤ NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 347 6 0.01 0.01 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 347 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 347 8 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 1 For for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 2 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 3 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 4 all all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 5 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 6 tests test NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 7 reported report VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 8 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 9 Table Table NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 10 5 5 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 11 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 13 suppress suppress VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 15 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 16 estimates estimate NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 17 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 19 remaining remain VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 20 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 21 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 22 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 23 Eq Eq NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 348 24 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 349 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 349 2 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 349 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 349 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 349 5 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 349 6 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 349 7 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 349 8 found find VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 349 9 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 349 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 349 11 online online JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 349 12 appendix appendix NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 349 13 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 350 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 350 2 Insert Insert NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 350 3 Table Table NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 350 4 5 5 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 350 5 about about IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 350 6 here here RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 350 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 2 line line NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 3 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 5 prior prior JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 6 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 8 i.e. i.e. FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 10 Pevzner Pevzner NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 11 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 12 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 13 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 14 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 15 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 18 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 19 examine examine VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 20 whether whether IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 21 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 22 results result NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 23 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 24 robust robust JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 25 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 26 using use VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 27 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 28 logarithmic logarithmic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 29 transformation transformation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 31 Ln(EARNQUAL Ln(EARNQUAL NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 34 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 35 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 36 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 37 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 351 38 measure measure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 1 -this -this NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 3 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 4 address address VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 6 concern concern NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 7 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 9 original original JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 10 measure measure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 11 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 12 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 13 skewed skewed JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 14 distribution distribution NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 352 15 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 353 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 353 2 also also RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 353 3 employ employ VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 353 4 two two CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 353 5 alternative alternative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 353 6 specifications specification NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 353 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 353 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 353 9 EARNQUAL EARNQUAL NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 353 10 proxy proxy NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 353 11 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 1 First first RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 4 use use VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 6 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 9 accruals accrual NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 10 component component NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 12 EQ_ACCR EQ_ACCR NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 14 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 15 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 16 captures capture VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 17 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 18 changes change NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 19 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 20 operating operate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 21 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 23 both both DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 24 current current JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 25 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 26 non non JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 27 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 28 current current JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 30 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 31 liabilities liability NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 32 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 33 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 34 last last JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 35 four four CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 36 quarters quarter NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 354 37 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 355 1 Second second RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 355 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 355 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 355 4 follow follow VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 355 5 Kanagaretnam Kanagaretnam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 355 6 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 355 7 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 355 8 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 2 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 4 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 5 capture capture VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 6 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 7 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 8 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 9 discretionary discretionary JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 10 loan loan NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 11 loss loss NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 12 provisions provision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 14 ALLP ALLP NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 356 16 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 357 1 11 11 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 357 2 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 357 3 report report VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 357 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 357 5 results result NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 357 6 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 357 7 Panel Panel NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 357 8 B B NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 357 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 357 10 Table Table NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 357 11 5 5 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 357 12 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 2 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 4 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 5 remains remain VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 6 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 7 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 8 statistically statistically RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 9 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 11 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 12 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 13 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 14 ≤ ≤ NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 15 0.01 0.01 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 17 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 19 dependent dependent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 20 variable variable NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 21 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 22 Ln(EARNQUAL Ln(EARNQUAL NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 24 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 358 25 EQ_ACCR EQ_ACCR NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 359 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 359 2 Columns column NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 359 3 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 359 4 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 359 5 2 2 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 359 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 359 7 Panel Panel NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 359 8 B B NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 359 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 359 10 respectively respectively RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 359 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 359 12 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 1 When when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 3 dependent dependent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 4 variable variable NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 5 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 6 ALLP ALLP NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 8 Column column NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 9 3 3 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 11 Panel Panel NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 12 B B NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 14 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 16 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 18 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 19 becomes become VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 20 negative negative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 21 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 22 statistically statistically RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 23 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 25 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 26 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 27 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 28 ≤ ≤ NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 29 0.05 0.05 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 31 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 32 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 33 affirms affirm VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 34 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 35 findings finding NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 36 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 37 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 38 previous previous JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 39 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 40 regarding regard VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 41 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 42 negative negative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 43 relation relation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 44 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 45 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 46 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 47 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 48 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 50 Kanagaretnam Kanagaretnam NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 51 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 52 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 53 . . NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 54 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 55 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 360 57 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 2 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 3 sub sub NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 4 - - NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 5 section section NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 8 probe probe VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 10 robustness robustness NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 13 results result NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 14 using use VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 15 alternative alternative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 16 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 17 constructs construct NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 361 18 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 1 First first RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 4 mitigate mitigate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 5 concerns concern NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 6 related relate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 7 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 9 high high JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 10 representation representation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 12 certain certain JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 13 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 14 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 15 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 16 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 17 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 18 excluding exclude VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 19 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 20 headquartered headquarter VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 21 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 23 US US NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 24 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 25 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 26 Japan Japan NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 28 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 29 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 30 both both DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 31 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 362 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 1 Second second RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 4 exclude exclude VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 5 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 6 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 7 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 8 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 9 less less JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 10 than than IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 11 $ $ $ cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 12 500 500 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 13 million million CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 15 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 16 $ $ $ cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 17 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 18 trillion trillion CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 19 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 20 accommodate accommodate VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 21 concerns concern NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 22 related relate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 23 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 24 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 25 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 26 association association NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 27 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 28 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 29 size size NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 30 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 31 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 32 manipulation manipulation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 33 propensity propensity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 35 Beatty Beatty NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 36 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 37 Bin Bin NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 38 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 39 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 40 Petroni Petroni NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 41 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 42 2002 2002 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 363 44 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 1 Repeating repeat VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 3 analyses analysis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 4 using use VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 6 aforementioned aforementioned JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 7 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 8 constructs construct NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 10 see see VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 11 Panel Panel NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 12 C C NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 13 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 14 Table Table NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 15 5 5 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 17 does do VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 18 not not RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 19 alter alter VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 20 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 21 inferences inference NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 22 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 24 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 25 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 26 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 27 remains remain VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 28 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 29 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 30 statistically statistically RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 31 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 33 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 34 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 35 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 36 ≤ ≤ NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 37 0.01 0.01 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 364 39 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 1 Beyond beyond IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 3 aforementioned aforementioned JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 4 tests test NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 7 also also RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 8 examine examine VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 10 robustness robustness NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 13 inferences inference NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 14 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 15 augmenting augment VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 16 Eq Eq NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 365 17 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 366 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 366 2 1 1 LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 366 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 366 4 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 366 5 additional additional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 366 6 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 366 7 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 366 8 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 2 begin begin VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 3 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 5 incorporation incorporation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 7 alternative alternative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 8 specifications specification NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 11 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 12 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 13 used use VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 14 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 15 Eq Eq NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 367 16 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 368 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 368 2 1 1 LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 368 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 368 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 368 5 namely namely RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 368 6 size size NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 368 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 368 8 leverage leverage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 368 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 368 10 growth growth NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 368 11 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 368 12 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 4 control control VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 5 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 7 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 10 natural natural JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 11 logarithm logarithm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 13 market market NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 14 capitalisation capitalisation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 16 LnMCAP LnMCAP NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 20 b b LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 23 ratio ratio NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 24 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 25 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 26 debt debt NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 27 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 28 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 29 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 31 LEV LEV NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 33 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 34 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 36 c c NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 38 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 39 market market NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 40 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 41 book book NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 42 ratio ratio NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 44 MB MB NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 369 46 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 370 1 Panel panel NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 370 2 D d NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 370 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 370 4 Table Table NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 370 5 5 5 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 2 Columns column NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 3 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 4 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 5 3 3 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 7 reveals reveal VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 8 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 10 inferences inference NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 11 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 12 not not RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 13 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 14 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 15 alternative alternative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 16 constructs construct NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 19 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 20 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 21 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 23 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 24 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 25 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 26 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 27 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 28 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 29 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 31 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 32 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 33 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 34 ≤ ≤ NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 35 0.01 0.01 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 371 37 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 1 Next next RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 4 replace replace VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 6 ownership ownership NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 7 structure structure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 8 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 9 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 11 percentage percentage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 13 shares share NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 14 held hold VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 15 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 17 ultimate ultimate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 18 shareholder shareholder NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 20 ULT_OWN ULT_OWN NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 372 22 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 2 intend intend VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 3 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 4 capture capture VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 5 controlling control VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 6 shareholders shareholder NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 7 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 8 ability ability NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 9 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 10 control control VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 12 firm firm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 13 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 14 determining determine VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 15 strategic strategic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 16 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 17 business business NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 18 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 19 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 20 how how WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 21 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 22 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 23 monitored monitor VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 24 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 25 compensated compensate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 27 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 28 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 29 Meckling Meckling NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 31 1976 1976 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 32 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 33 Zou Zou NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 34 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 35 Adams Adams NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 36 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 37 2008 2008 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 373 39 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 1 Column column NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 2 4 4 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 4 Panel Panel NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 5 D D NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 6 informs inform VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 7 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 9 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 11 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 12 remains remain VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 13 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 15 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 17 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 18 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 19 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 20 ≤ ≤ NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 21 0.01 0.01 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 23 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 24 while while IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 25 ULT_OWN ULT_OWN NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 26 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 27 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 28 negative negative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 29 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 30 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 31 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 33 pvalue pvalue NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 34 ≤ ≤ NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 35 0.01 0.01 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 374 37 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 2 relative relative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 3 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 5 ULT_OWN ult_own NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 6 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 7 stronger strong JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 9 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 10 compared compare VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 11 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 12 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 15 J J NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 16 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 17 u u NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 18 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 19 n n NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 20 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 21 l l NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 22 P p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 23 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 24 e e NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 25 -p -p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 375 26 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 376 1 o o UH cord-311807-o7d2yure 376 2 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 376 3 f f NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 376 4 supports support VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 376 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 376 6 findings finding NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 376 7 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 376 8 Chen Chen NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 376 9 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 376 10 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 376 11 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 377 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 377 2 2010 2010 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 377 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 377 4 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 377 5 controlling control VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 377 6 shareholders shareholder NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 377 7 being be VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 377 8 associated associate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 377 9 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 377 10 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 377 11 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 377 12 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 377 13 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 2 addition addition NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 3 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 4 these these DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 5 tests test NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 8 include include VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 9 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 10 battery battery NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 12 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 13 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 14 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 15 controls control NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 16 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 17 mitigate mitigate VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 19 omitted omit VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 20 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 21 concerns concern NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 22 regarding regard VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 24 multinational multinational JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 25 nature nature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 26 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 27 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 28 study study NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 29 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 30 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 31 isolate isolate VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 32 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 33 potential potential JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 34 effects effect NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 35 arising arise VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 36 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 37 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 38 cultural cultural JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 39 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 40 demographic demographic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 41 factors factor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 378 42 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 1 Hence hence RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 3 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 5 sake sake NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 7 brevity brevity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 10 do do VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 11 not not RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 12 tabulate tabulate VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 14 following follow VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 15 tests test NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 16 but but CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 17 present present VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 18 them -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 19 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 20 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 21 online online JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 22 appendix appendix NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 379 23 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 1 Lopez Lopez NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 2 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 3 de de NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 4 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 5 Silanes Silanes NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 7 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 8 Shleifer Shleifer NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 10 1999 1999 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 12 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 14 c c NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 16 investor investor NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 17 protection protection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 380 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 381 1 Pevzner Pevzner NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 381 2 et et NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 381 3 al al NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 381 4 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 1 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 2 2015 2015 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 6 d d LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 9 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 12 audit audit NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 13 function function NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 16 degree degree NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 18 accounting accounting NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 19 enforcement enforcement NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 20 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 21 each each DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 22 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 24 Brown Brown NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 26 Preiato Preiato NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 27 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 28 & & CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 29 Tarca Tarca NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 31 2014 2014 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 33 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 34 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 36 e e LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 38 income income NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 39 inequalities inequality NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 382 40 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 1 Finally finally RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 4 control control VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 5 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 6 demographic demographic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 7 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 8 bounded bound VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 9 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 10 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 11 using use VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 13 natural natural JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 14 logarithm logarithm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 17 per per FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 18 capita capita FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 19 income income NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 20 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 22 percentage percentage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 23 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 24 female female JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 25 residents resident NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 26 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 27 since since IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 28 Iannaccone Iannaccone NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 30 1998 1998 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 32 considers consider VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 33 gender gender NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 34 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 35 income income NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 36 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 37 influential influential JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 38 determinants determinant NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 39 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 40 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 41 participation participation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 42 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 43 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 44 individual individual JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 45 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 383 46 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 1 Incorporating incorporate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 2 all all PDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 4 aforementioned aforementioned JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 5 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 6 does do VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 7 not not RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 8 alter alter VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 10 inferences inference NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 11 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 13 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 14 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 15 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 16 remains remain VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 17 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 18 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 19 statistically statistically RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 20 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 21 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 22 5 5 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 23 % % NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 24 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 25 better well JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 384 26 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 2 study study NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 3 explores explore VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 4 how how WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 6 degree degree NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 8 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 9 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 11 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 12 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 13 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 14 headquarters headquarters NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 15 impacts impact VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 17 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 18 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 19 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 20 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 385 21 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 2 empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 3 analyses analysis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 4 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 5 consistent consistent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 6 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 8 earlier early JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 9 predictions prediction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 10 about about IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 12 importance importance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 13 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 14 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 15 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 16 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 17 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 18 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 19 instrument instrument NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 20 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 21 checking check VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 22 unethical unethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 23 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 24 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 386 25 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 2 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 3 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 4 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 5 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 6 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 7 significant significant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 8 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 9 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 10 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 11 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 12 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 13 after after IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 14 controlling control VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 15 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 16 various various JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 17 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 18 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 19 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 20 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 21 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 22 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 23 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 24 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 387 25 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 2 also also RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 3 show show VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 4 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 6 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 8 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 9 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 10 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 11 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 12 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 13 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 14 becomes become VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 15 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 16 pronounced pronounced JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 17 among among IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 18 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 19 headquartered headquarter VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 20 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 21 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 22 where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 23 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 24 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 25 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 26 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 27 element element NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 28 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 29 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 30 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 31 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 32 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 33 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 34 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 35 weak weak JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 36 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 37 protection protection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 388 38 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 4 provide provide VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 5 evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 6 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 8 effects effect NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 10 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 11 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 12 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 13 than than IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 14 doubled double VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 15 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 17 global global JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 18 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 19 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 20 period period NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 389 21 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 1 A a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 2 range range NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 4 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 5 tests test NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 6 lends lend VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 7 support support NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 8 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 10 notion notion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 11 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 12 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 13 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 14 restrain restrain VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 16 unethical unethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 17 activities activity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 18 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 19 managers manager NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 20 acting act VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 21 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 22 agents agent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 23 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 25 shareholders shareholder NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 26 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 27 thereby thereby RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 28 minimising minimise VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 29 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 30 risk risk NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 31 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 32 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 33 failure failure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 390 34 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 2 light light NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 5 above above JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 6 findings finding NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 9 paper paper NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 10 contributes contribute VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 11 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 12 prior prior JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 13 studies study NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 14 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 16 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 17 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 18 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 19 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 20 highlighting highlight VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 22 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 23 influence influence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 24 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 25 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 26 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 27 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 28 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 29 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 30 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 31 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 391 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 4 study study NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 5 contributes contribute VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 6 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 8 understanding understanding NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 10 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 11 institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 12 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 13 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 14 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 15 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 16 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 18 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 19 focusing focus VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 20 particularly particularly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 21 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 23 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 24 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 26 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 27 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 28 degree degree NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 29 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 30 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 31 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 32 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 33 particularly particularly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 34 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 35 jurisdictions jurisdiction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 36 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 37 weak weak JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 38 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 39 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 392 40 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 2 contribution contribution NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 3 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 4 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 5 strong strong JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 6 implication implication NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 7 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 9 development development NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 11 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 12 effective effective JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 13 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 14 framework framework NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 15 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 17 policymakers policymaker NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 19 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 20 could could MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 21 lead lead VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 22 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 23 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 24 less less RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 25 costly costly JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 26 but but CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 27 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 28 efficient efficient JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 29 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 30 policy policy NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 393 31 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 2 positive positive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 3 influence influence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 5 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 6 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 7 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 8 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 9 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 10 equally equally RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 11 useful useful JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 12 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 13 investors investor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 14 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 15 because because IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 17 provides provide VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 18 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 19 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 20 framework framework NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 21 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 22 considering consider VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 23 investments investment NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 24 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 25 particularly particularly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 26 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 27 less less RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 28 developed developed JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 29 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 30 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 31 may may MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 32 have have VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 33 weak weak JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 34 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 35 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 36 but but CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 37 strong strong JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 38 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 394 39 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 4 provide provide VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 5 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 6 evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 7 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 9 lens lens NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 11 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 12 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 13 theory theory NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 14 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 15 how how WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 17 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 18 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 19 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 20 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 21 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 22 collectively collectively RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 23 influences influence VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 24 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 25 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 26 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 27 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 28 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 29 certain certain JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 30 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 31 where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 32 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 33 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 34 part part NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 35 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 36 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 37 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 38 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 39 compared compare VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 40 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 41 other other JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 42 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 43 where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 44 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 45 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 46 not not RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 47 part part NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 48 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 49 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 50 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 51 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 395 52 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 396 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 396 2 implication implication NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 396 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 396 4 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 396 5 contribution contribution NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 396 6 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 396 7 political political JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 396 8 office office NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 396 9 holders holder NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 396 10 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 396 11 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 396 12 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 1 For for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 2 example example NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 3 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 4 politicians politician NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 5 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 6 benefit benefit VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 7 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 8 building build VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 9 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 10 considerable considerable JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 11 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 12 image image NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 13 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 14 reputation reputation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 15 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 16 can can MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 17 enhance enhance VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 18 investors investor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 19 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 20 confidence confidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 21 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 22 attract attract VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 23 better well JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 24 foreign foreign JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 25 direct direct JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 26 investment investment NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 27 into into IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 29 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 397 30 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 1 Finally finally RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 3 this this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 4 study study NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 5 contributes contribute VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 6 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 8 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 9 debate debate NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 10 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 12 nexus nexus NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 13 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 14 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 15 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 17 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 18 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 19 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 20 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 21 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 22 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 23 periods period NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 398 24 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 399 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 399 2 contribution contribution NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 399 3 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 399 4 implications implication NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 399 5 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 399 6 both both DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 399 7 regulators regulator NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 399 8 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 399 9 societies society NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 399 10 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 1 Although although IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 3 study study NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 4 considers consider VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 6 2008 2008 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 7 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 8 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 11 findings finding NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 12 offer offer VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 13 some some DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 14 lessons lesson NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 15 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 16 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 17 regarding regard VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 19 response response NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 20 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 22 Covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 23 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 24 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 25 thereby thereby RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 26 potentially potentially RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 27 supporting support VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 28 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 29 fact fact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 30 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 31 people people NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 32 tend tend VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 33 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 34 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 35 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 36 spiritual spiritual JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 37 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 38 socially socially RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 39 supportive supportive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 40 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 41 crises crisis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 400 42 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 1 This this DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 2 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 4 strength strength NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 6 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 7 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 8 providing provide VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 9 some some DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 10 sort sort NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 12 emotional emotional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 13 succour succour NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 15 consistency consistency NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 16 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 17 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 18 decision decision NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 19 making make VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 20 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 21 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 22 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 401 23 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 2 foregoing forego VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 3 contributions contribution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 6 note note VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 8 following following JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 9 limitations limitation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 10 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 12 research research NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 13 design design NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 14 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 15 could could MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 16 potentially potentially RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 17 impact impact VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 18 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 19 results result NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 402 20 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 1 First first RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 4 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 5 variable variable NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 6 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 7 taken take VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 8 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 9 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 10 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 11 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 12 level level NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 13 average average JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 14 measure measure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 16 although although IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 18 may may MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 19 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 20 different different JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 21 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 22 decision decision NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 23 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 24 makers maker NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 25 within within IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 26 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 403 27 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 1 Second second RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 4 assume assume VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 5 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 6 decision decision NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 7 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 8 making make VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 9 responsibility responsibility NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 10 lies lie VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 11 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 13 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 15 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 16 influenced influence VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 17 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 19 degree degree NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 20 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 21 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 22 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 23 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 24 large large JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 25 controlling control VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 26 shareholders shareholder NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 404 27 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 1 However however RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 4 data datum NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 5 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 7 individual individual JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 8 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 9 do do VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 10 not not RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 11 capture capture VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 13 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 14 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 16 shareholders shareholder NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 17 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 18 rather rather RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 20 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 21 assume assume VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 22 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 24 behave behave VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 25 within within IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 26 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 27 scope scope NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 28 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 29 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 30 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 31 average average JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 405 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 406 1 These these DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 406 2 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 406 3 potential potential JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 406 4 avenues avenue NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 406 5 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 406 6 future future JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 406 7 research research NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 406 8 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 1 J J NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 2 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 3 u u NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 4 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 5 n n NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 6 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 7 l l NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 8 P p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 9 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 10 e e NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 11 -p -p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 12 r r NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 13 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 14 o o NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 15 f f NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 16 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 17 distribution distribution NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 18 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 19 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 20 mean mean JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 21 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 22 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 23 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 24 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 25 measure measure NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 26 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 28 constituents constituent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 29 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 30 per per IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 31 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 407 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 1 REL_IMP rel_imp UH cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 4 percentage percentage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 6 respondents respondent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 7 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 8 indicates indicate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 9 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 10 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 11 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 12 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 13 them -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 15 based base VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 16 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 17 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 18 WVS WVS NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 408 20 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 1 REL_MEMB REL_MEMB NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 4 percentage percentage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 6 respondents respondent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 7 says say VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 8 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 10 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 11 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 12 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 13 person person NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 15 based base VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 16 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 17 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 18 WVS WVS NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 409 20 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 1 REL_SERV REL_SERV NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 4 percentage percentage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 6 respondents respondent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 7 says say VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 8 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 10 attend attend VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 11 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 12 services service NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 14 based base VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 15 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 17 WVS WVS NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 410 19 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 411 1 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 411 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 411 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 411 4 first first JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 411 5 principal principal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 411 6 component component NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 411 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 411 8 REL_IMP rel_imp NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 411 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 411 10 REL_MEMB rel_memb NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 411 11 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 411 12 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 411 13 REL_SERV rel_serv NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 411 14 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 2 dependent dependent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 3 variable variable NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 4 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 5 all all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 6 models model NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 7 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 8 EARNQUAL EARNQUAL NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 11 represents represent VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 13 rank rank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 14 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 15 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 16 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 19 firm firm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 20 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 22 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 23 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 24 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 25 headquarters headquarter NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 26 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 27 derived derive VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 28 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 29 StarMine StarMine NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 30 database database NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 31 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 32 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 33 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 34 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 35 indicating indicate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 36 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 37 rated rate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 38 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 412 39 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 413 1 Column column NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 413 2 1 1 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 413 3 indicates indicate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 413 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 413 5 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 413 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 413 7 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 413 8 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 413 9 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 413 10 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 413 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 413 12 global global JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 413 13 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 413 14 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 2 next next JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 3 three three CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 4 columns column NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 5 present present VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 7 joint joint JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 8 effect effect NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 10 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 11 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 12 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 14 a a LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 16 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 17 indicator indicator NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 18 interaction interaction NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 19 variable variable NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 20 signalling signalling NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 21 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 22 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 23 located locate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 24 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 25 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 26 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 27 where where WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 28 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 29 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 30 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 31 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 32 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 33 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 35 Column column NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 36 2 2 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 38 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 40 b b NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 42 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 43 indicator indicator NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 44 interaction interaction NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 45 variable variable NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 46 signalling signalling NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 47 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 48 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 49 located locate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 50 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 51 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 52 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 53 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 54 weak weak JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 55 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 56 protection protection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 58 Column column NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 59 3 3 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 61 ; ; : cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 62 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 64 c c NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 66 an an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 67 indicator indicator NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 68 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 69 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 70 global global JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 71 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 72 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 73 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 74 years year NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 75 2007 2007 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 76 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 77 2008 2008 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 78 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 414 79 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 2 z z NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 3 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 4 statistics statistic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 5 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 6 parentheses parenthesis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 7 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 8 based base VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 9 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 10 heteroskedasticity heteroskedasticity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 11 corrected correct VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 12 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 13 clustered cluster VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 14 robust robust JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 15 standard standard JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 16 errors error NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 18 clustered cluster VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 19 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 20 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 415 21 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 416 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 416 2 continuous continuous JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 416 3 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 416 4 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 416 5 winsorized winsorized JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 416 6 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 416 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 416 8 1st 1st JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 416 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 416 10 99th 99th JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 416 11 percentiles percentile NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 416 12 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 1 For for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 3 sake sake NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 5 brevity brevity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 8 suppress suppress VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 9 all all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 10 other other JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 11 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 12 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 13 included include VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 14 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 15 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 16 first first JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 17 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 18 stage stage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 19 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 20 indicate indicate VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 21 only only RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 22 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 23 coefficient coefficient NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 24 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 25 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 26 instrument instrument NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 28 SCX SCX NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 417 30 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 2 further further RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 3 present present VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 5 Fstatistic Fstatistic NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 6 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 7 Partial Partial NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 8 R R NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 9 2 2 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 10 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 12 instrumental instrumental JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 13 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 14 used use VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 15 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 16 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 17 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 19 interaction interaction NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 20 separately separately RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 22 i.e. i.e. FW cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 23 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 24 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 25 first first JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 26 statistics statistic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 27 correspond correspond VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 28 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 29 SCX SCX NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 31 while while IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 32 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 33 F F NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 34 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 35 statistic statistic NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 36 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 37 Partial Partial NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 38 R R NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 39 2 2 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 40 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 41 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 42 bottom bottom NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 43 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 44 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 45 table table NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 46 refer refer NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 47 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 48 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 49 interacted interact VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 50 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 418 52 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 419 1 All all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 419 2 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 419 3 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 419 4 defined define VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 419 5 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 419 6 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 419 7 I. I. NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 419 8 * * NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 420 1 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 420 2 < < XX cord-311807-o7d2yure 420 3 0.10 0.10 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 420 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 421 1 * * NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 421 2 * * NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 421 3 p p XX cord-311807-o7d2yure 421 4 < < XX cord-311807-o7d2yure 421 5 0.05 0.05 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 421 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 422 1 * * NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 422 2 * * NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 422 3 * * NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 422 4 p p XX cord-311807-o7d2yure 422 5 < < XX cord-311807-o7d2yure 422 6 0.01 0.01 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 423 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 423 2 Panel Panel NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 423 3 B B NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 423 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 423 5 consider consider VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 423 6 alternative alternative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 423 7 measures measure NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 423 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 423 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 423 10 dependent dependent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 423 11 variable variable NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 423 12 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 424 1 Panel Panel NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 424 2 C C NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 424 3 presents present VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 424 4 robustness robustness NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 424 5 using use VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 424 6 alternative alternative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 424 7 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 424 8 constructs construct NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 424 9 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 1 Panel panel NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 2 D D NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 3 provides provide VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 5 analyses analysis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 6 when when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 7 considering consider VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 8 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 9 alternative alternative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 10 constructs construct NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 13 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 14 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 15 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 16 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 17 ultimate ultimate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 18 ownership ownership NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 425 19 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 2 z z NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 3 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 4 statistics statistic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 5 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 6 parentheses parenthesis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 7 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 8 based base VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 9 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 10 heteroskedasticity heteroskedasticity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 11 corrected correct VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 12 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 13 clustered cluster VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 14 robust robust JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 15 standard standard JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 16 errors error NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 18 clustered cluster VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 19 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 20 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 426 21 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 427 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 427 2 continuous continuous JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 427 3 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 427 4 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 427 5 winsorized winsorized JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 427 6 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 427 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 427 8 1st 1st JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 427 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 427 10 99th 99th JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 427 11 percentiles percentile NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 427 12 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 1 For for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 3 sake sake NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 5 brevity brevity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 8 suppress suppress VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 9 all all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 10 other other JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 11 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 12 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 13 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 14 maintain maintain VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 15 only only RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 17 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 18 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 19 interest interest NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 428 20 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 2 further further RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 3 present present VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 5 F F NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 6 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 7 statistic statistic NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 8 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 9 Partial Partial NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 10 R R NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 11 2 2 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 12 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 14 instrumental instrumental JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 15 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 16 used use VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 17 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 18 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 429 19 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 430 1 All all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 430 2 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 430 3 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 430 4 defined define VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 430 5 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 430 6 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 430 7 I. I. NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 430 8 * * NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 431 1 p p NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 431 2 < < XX cord-311807-o7d2yure 431 3 0.10 0.10 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 431 4 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 432 1 * * NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 432 2 * * NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 432 3 p p XX cord-311807-o7d2yure 432 4 < < XX cord-311807-o7d2yure 432 5 0.05 0.05 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 432 6 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 433 1 * * NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 433 2 * * NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 433 3 * * NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 433 4 p p XX cord-311807-o7d2yure 433 5 < < XX cord-311807-o7d2yure 433 6 0.01 0.01 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 433 7 Earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 433 8 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 433 9 behaviors behavior NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 433 10 under under IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 433 11 different different JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 433 12 monitoring monitoring NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 433 13 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 433 14 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 2 case case NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 4 Islamic islamic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 5 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 6 conventional conventional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 7 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 8 Is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 9 Ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 10 Money money NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 11 Sensitive sensitive JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 12 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 13 Past past NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 14 Returns return NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 434 15 ? ? . cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 2 Case Case NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 4 Portfolio Portfolio NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 5 Constraints Constraints NNPS cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 6 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 7 Persistence Persistence NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 8 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 9 Islamic Islamic NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 10 Funds Funds NNPS cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 11 Does do VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 12 local local JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 13 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 14 matter matter NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 15 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 16 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 17 risk risk NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 18 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 19 taking taking NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 435 20 ? ? . cord-311807-o7d2yure 436 1 Earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 436 2 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 436 3 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 436 4 Malaysian malaysian JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 436 5 IPOs ipo NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 436 6 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 2 East east JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 3 Asian asian JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 4 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 6 ownership ownership NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 7 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 10 post post JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 11 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 12 IPO ipo JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 13 performance performance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 14 Auditing auditing NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 16 directorships directorship NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 17 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 19 demand demand NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 20 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 21 monitoring monitor VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 22 Trust Trust NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 23 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 24 investment investment NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 25 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 26 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 27 business business NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 28 contracting contracting NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 29 Religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 30 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 31 economic economic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 32 growth growth NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 33 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 34 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 35 Why why WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 36 do do VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 37 n't not RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 38 moral moral JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 39 people people NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 40 act act VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 41 morally morally RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 437 42 ? ? . cord-311807-o7d2yure 438 1 Motivational motivational JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 438 2 considerations consideration NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 439 1 Moral moral JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 439 2 hypocrisy hypocrisy NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 439 3 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 1 Appearing appear VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 2 moral moral JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 3 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 4 oneself oneself PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 5 without without IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 6 being be VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 7 so so RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 8 Financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 9 accounting accounting NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 10 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 12 banking banking NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 13 industry industry NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 14 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 15 A a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 16 review review NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 17 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 19 empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 20 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 21 Earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 22 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 23 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 24 avoid avoid VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 25 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 26 declines decline NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 27 across across IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 28 publicly publicly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 29 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 30 privately privately RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 31 held hold VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 32 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 33 Islamic islamic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 34 vs. vs. IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 35 conventional conventional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 36 banking banking NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 37 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 38 Business business NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 39 model model NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 40 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 41 efficiency efficiency NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 42 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 440 43 stability stability NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 2 power power NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 4 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 5 Does do VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 6 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 7 promote promote VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 8 property property NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 9 rights right NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 12 rule rule NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 13 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 14 law law NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 441 15 ? ? . cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 1 Ideational Ideational NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 2 theorizing theorizing NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 3 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 5 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 6 sciences sciences NNPS cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 7 since since IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 8 " " `` cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 9 policy policy NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 10 paradigms paradigm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 11 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 12 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 13 learning learning NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 14 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 15 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 442 17 state state NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 2 hidden hidden JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 3 costs cost NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 5 stock stock NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 6 market market NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 7 liquidity liquidity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 8 Norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 10 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 11 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 12 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 13 sanctions sanction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 14 Religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 15 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 17 volatility volatility NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 18 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 19 stock stock NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 20 prices price NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 21 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 22 A a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 23 cross cross JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 24 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 25 country country JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 26 analysis analysis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 27 Measuring measure VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 28 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 29 differences difference NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 30 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 31 enforcement enforcement NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 32 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 33 accounting accounting NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 34 standards standard NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 35 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 36 An an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 37 audit audit NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 38 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 39 enforcement enforcement NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 40 proxy proxy NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 41 Religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 42 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 443 43 nationalism nationalism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 444 1 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 444 2 Four four CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 444 3 approaches approach VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 444 4 Institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 444 5 influences influence NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 444 6 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 444 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 444 8 worldwide worldwide JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 444 9 expansion expansion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 444 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 444 11 venture venture NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 444 12 capital capital NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 2 changing change VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 3 landscape landscape NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 5 accrual accrual NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 6 accounting accounting NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 7 Accounting Accounting NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 8 discretion discretion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 10 loan loan NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 11 loss loss NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 12 provisioning provisioning NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 14 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 15 discipline discipline NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 16 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 17 Banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 18 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 19 risk risk NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 20 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 21 taking take VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 22 Institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 23 investor investor NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 24 stability stability NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 25 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 26 crash crash NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 27 risk risk NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 28 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 29 Monitoring monitoring NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 30 versus versus IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 31 short short JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 32 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 33 termism termism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 34 Religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 35 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 36 stock stock NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 37 price price NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 38 crash crash NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 445 39 risk risk NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 446 1 Do do VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 446 2 culture culture NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 446 3 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 446 4 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 446 5 mitigate mitigate VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 446 6 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 446 7 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 446 8 ? ? . cord-311807-o7d2yure 447 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 447 2 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 447 3 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 447 4 cross cross JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 447 5 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 447 6 country country JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 447 7 analysis analysis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 448 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 448 2 investment investment NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 448 3 opportunity opportunity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 448 4 set set VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 448 5 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 448 6 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 448 7 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 448 8 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 2 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 4 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 6 controlling control VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 7 shareholders shareholder NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 8 Does do VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 9 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 10 influence influence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 11 venture venture NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 12 capital capital NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 13 investment investment NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 14 decisions decision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 15 Does do VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 16 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 17 enhance enhance VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 18 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 19 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 20 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 21 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 22 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 23 forecasts forecast NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 24 How how WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 25 has have VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 26 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 27 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 28 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 29 affected affect VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 30 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 31 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 449 32 ? ? . cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 1 A a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 2 European european JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 3 study study NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 4 Business business NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 5 ethics ethic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 6 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 7 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 8 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 9 Religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 10 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 11 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 12 predictor predictor NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 13 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 14 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 15 awareness awareness NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 16 among among IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 17 students student NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 18 Corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 19 governance governance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 20 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 21 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 22 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 23 at at IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 24 large large JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 25 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 26 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 27 holding hold VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 28 companies company NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 29 Shared share VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 30 mental mental JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 31 models model NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 450 32 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 451 1 Ideologies ideology NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 451 2 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 451 3 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 451 4 Are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 451 5 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 451 6 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 451 7 culture culture NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 451 8 relevant relevant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 451 9 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 451 10 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 451 11 risk risk NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 451 12 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 451 13 taking taking NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 451 14 ? ? . cord-311807-o7d2yure 452 1 International international JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 452 2 evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 2 elementary elementary JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 3 forms form NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 6 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 7 life life NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 8 Religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 9 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 10 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 11 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 12 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 13 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 14 reporting report VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 15 Social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 16 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 17 theory theory NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 18 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 19 development development NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 20 economics economic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 21 Financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 22 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 23 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 24 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 25 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 453 26 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 2 European european JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 3 evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 4 Religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 5 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 6 State State NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 7 dataset dataset NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 8 Separation separation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 9 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 10 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 11 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 12 state state NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 13 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 15 twenty twenty CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 16 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 17 first first JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 18 century century NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 454 19 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 1 Comparing compare VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 2 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 3 Middle Middle NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 4 East East NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 5 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 6 Western western JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 7 democracies democracy NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 8 Reserve Reserve NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 9 requirements requirement NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 12 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 13 lending lending NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 14 channel channel NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 15 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 455 16 China China NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 1 An an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 2 analysis analysis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 4 business business NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 5 ethics ethic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 6 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 8 cultural cultural JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 9 contexts context NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 11 different different JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 12 religions religion NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 13 Allocative allocative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 14 efficiency efficiency NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 16 markets market NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 17 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 18 zero zero CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 19 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 20 intelligence intelligence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 21 traders trader NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 22 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 23 Market market NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 24 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 25 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 26 partial partial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 456 27 substitute substitute NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 2 evolution evolution NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 5 accounting accounting NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 6 practices practice NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 7 during during IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 8 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 9 recent recent JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 10 economic economic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 11 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 12 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 13 Empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 14 survey survey NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 15 regarding regard VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 16 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 17 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 18 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 19 Religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 20 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 21 attitude attitude NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 22 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 23 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 24 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 25 demand demand NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 26 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 27 socially socially RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 28 responsible responsible JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 29 products product NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 30 Religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 31 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 32 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 34 mis)behavior mis)behavior RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 457 35 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 458 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 458 2 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 458 3 Working Working NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 458 4 Paper Paper NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 458 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 458 6 Rice Rice NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 458 7 University University NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 2 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 4 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 5 capital capital NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 6 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 7 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 8 development development NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 9 Non Non NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 10 - - NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 11 audit audit NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 12 services service NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 14 auditor auditor NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 15 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 16 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 17 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 18 value value NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 19 relevance relevance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 20 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 21 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 22 Political political JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 23 instability instability NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 24 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 25 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 26 persistence persistence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 27 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 28 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 29 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 30 Greece Greece NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 31 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 32 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 33 policy policy NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 34 implications implication NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 35 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 36 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 37 cultural cultural JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 38 defence defence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 39 paradigm paradigm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 40 Religiousness Religiousness NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 41 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 42 business business NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 43 ethics ethic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 44 Handbook Handbook NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 45 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 46 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 47 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 48 health health NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 49 Capital Capital NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 50 markets market NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 51 research research NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 52 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 53 accounting account VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 54 Religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 55 beliefs belief NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 56 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 57 gambling gambling NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 58 attitudes attitude NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 59 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 60 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 61 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 62 market market NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 63 outcomes outcome NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 64 Earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 65 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 66 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 67 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 68 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 459 69 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 2 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 3 India India NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 4 Corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 5 ownership ownership NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 6 around around IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 8 world world NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 9 Does do VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 10 audit audit VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 11 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 12 matter matter NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 13 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 14 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 15 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 16 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 17 high high JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 18 investment investment NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 19 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 460 20 ? ? . cord-311807-o7d2yure 461 1 A a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 461 2 theory theory NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 461 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 461 4 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 461 5 control control NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 461 6 Earnings Earnings NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 461 7 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 461 8 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 461 9 investor investor NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 461 10 protection protection NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 461 11 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 462 1 An an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 462 2 international international JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 462 3 comparison comparison NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 2 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 4 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 5 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 6 audit audit NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 7 pricing price VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 8 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 9 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 11 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 12 governance governance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 13 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 14 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 15 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 463 16 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 1 Experience experience NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 2 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 3 US US NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 4 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 5 Loan Loan NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 6 loss loss NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 7 provisions provision NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 9 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 10 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 11 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 12 capital capital NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 13 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 14 under under IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 15 IFRS IFRS NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 16 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 17 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 18 case case NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 19 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 20 EU EU NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 21 commercial commercial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 464 22 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 465 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 465 2 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 465 3 governance governance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 465 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 465 5 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 465 6 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 465 7 A a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 465 8 concise concise JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 465 9 discussion discussion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 465 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 465 11 concepts concept NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 465 12 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 465 13 evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 2 God God NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 4 modernity modernity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 5 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 6 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 7 development development NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 9 nationalism nationalism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 10 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 11 Western Western NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 12 Europe Europe NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 13 Religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 14 intensity intensity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 16 evangelical evangelical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 17 christianity christianity NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 19 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 20 business business NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 21 ethics ethic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 22 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 23 An an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 24 empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 466 25 study study NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 467 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 467 2 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 467 3 governance governance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 467 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 467 5 banks bank NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 467 6 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 1 Federal Federal NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 2 Reserve Reserve NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 3 Bank Bank NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 5 New New NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 6 York York NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 7 Economic Economic NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 8 Policy Policy NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 9 Review Review NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 10 Business Business NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 11 law law NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 12 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 13 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 14 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 16 global global JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 17 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 18 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 19 e e LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 20 - - NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 21 commerce commerce JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 22 environment environment NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 23 Religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 24 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 25 global global JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 26 development development NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 468 27 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 469 1 Intersecting intersecting JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 469 2 paths path NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 1 Religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 2 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 3 economy economy NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 4 Religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 5 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 6 self self NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 7 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 8 regulation regulation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 9 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 10 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 11 self self NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 12 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 13 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 14 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 15 Associations association NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 17 explanations explanation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 19 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 470 20 implications implication NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 471 1 Religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 471 2 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 471 3 secular secular JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 471 4 coping cope VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 471 5 strategies strategy NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 471 6 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 471 7 mortality mortality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 471 8 risk risk NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 471 9 among among IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 471 10 older old JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 471 11 adults adult NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 2 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 4 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 5 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 6 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 7 reporting reporting NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 8 irregularities irregularity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 9 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 10 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 11 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 12 operating operating NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 13 performance performance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 14 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 15 newly newly RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 16 privatized privatize VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 17 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 18 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 19 An an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 20 international international JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 21 empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 22 analysis analysis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 23 Christian christian JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 24 ethics ethic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 25 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 26 spirituality spirituality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 27 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 28 leading lead VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 29 business business NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 30 organizations organization NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 31 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 32 Editorial editorial NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 33 introduction introduction NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 34 Belief belief NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 35 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 36 supernatural supernatural JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 37 agents agent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 38 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 39 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 40 face face NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 41 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 42 death death NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 43 Institution institution NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 44 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 45 institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 46 change change NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 47 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 48 economic economic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 49 performance performance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 50 Economic economic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 51 performance performance NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 52 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 53 time time NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 54 Religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 55 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 56 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 57 crises crisis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 58 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 59 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 60 United United NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 61 States States NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 62 Ethics Ethics NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 63 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 64 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 472 65 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 1 An an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 2 empirical empirical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 3 test test NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 4 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 5 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 6 multidimensional multidimensional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 7 model model NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 8 Religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 9 coping coping NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 10 among among IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 12 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 13 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 14 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 15 relationships relationship NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 16 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 17 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 18 coping coping NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 19 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 20 well well RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 21 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 22 being be VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 23 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 24 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 25 national national JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 26 sample sample NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 27 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 28 presbyterian presbyterian JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 29 clergy clergy NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 30 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 31 elders elder NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 32 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 33 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 34 members member NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 35 A a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 36 revised revise VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 37 analytical analytical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 38 approach approach NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 39 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 40 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 41 theory theory NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 42 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 43 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 44 stratification stratification NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 45 Using use VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 46 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 47 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 48 theory theory NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 49 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 50 predict predict VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 51 managers manager NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 52 ' ' POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 53 emphases emphasis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 54 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 55 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 56 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 57 legal legal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 58 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 59 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 60 judging judge VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 61 business business NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 62 issues issue NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 63 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 64 high high JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 65 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 66 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 67 collaborative collaborative JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 68 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 473 69 initiatives initiative NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 2 growth growth NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 5 firm firm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 6 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 7 planned plan VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 8 economies economy NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 9 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 10 transition transition NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 11 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 12 Institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 13 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 14 organizations organization NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 15 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 16 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 17 strategic strategic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 18 choice choice NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 19 Perceiving perceive VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 20 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 21 community community NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 22 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 23 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 24 alcohol alcohol NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 25 use use NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 26 among among IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 27 students student NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 28 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 29 some some DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 30 research research NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 31 implications implication NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 32 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 33 campus campus NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 34 alcohol alcohol NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 35 education education NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 36 programming programming NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 37 When when WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 38 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 39 talk talk VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 40 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 41 do do VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 42 investors investor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 43 listen listen VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 474 44 ? ? . cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 2 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 4 trust trust NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 5 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 6 stock stock NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 7 market market NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 8 reactions reaction NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 9 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 10 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 11 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 12 announcements announcement NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 13 Does do VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 14 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 15 headquarters headquarters NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 16 location location NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 17 matter matter NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 18 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 19 stock stock NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 20 returns return NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 475 21 ? ? . cord-311807-o7d2yure 476 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 476 2 new new JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 476 3 institutionalism institutionalism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 476 4 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 476 5 organizational organizational JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 476 6 analysis analysis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 476 7 Institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 476 8 environment environment NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 476 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 476 10 bank bank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 476 11 loans loan NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 477 1 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 477 2 Evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 477 3 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 477 4 25 25 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 477 5 developing develop VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 477 6 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 477 7 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 478 1 Corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 478 2 Governance Governance NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 478 3 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 479 1 An an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 479 2 International International NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 479 3 Review Review NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 479 4 Political political JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 479 5 views view NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 479 6 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 479 7 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 479 8 decision decision NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 479 9 making making NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 479 10 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 2 case case NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 4 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 5 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 6 responsibility responsibility NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 7 Secularisation Secularisation NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 8 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 9 nationalism nationalism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 10 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 11 A a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 12 critical critical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 13 review review NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 14 Religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 480 15 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 481 1 Why why WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 481 2 faith faith NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 481 3 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 481 4 becoming become VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 481 5 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 481 6 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 481 7 more more RBR cord-311807-o7d2yure 481 8 popular popular JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 481 9 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 482 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 482 2 Guardian Guardian NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 482 3 State State NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 482 4 versus versus IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 482 5 private private JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 482 6 ownership ownership NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 1 An an DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 2 examination examination NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 5 influence influence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 7 diversity diversity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 8 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 9 stakeholder stakeholder NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 10 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 11 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 12 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 13 social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 14 orientation orientation NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 15 Instrumental Instrumental NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 16 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 17 regression regression NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 18 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 19 weak weak JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 20 instruments instrument NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 21 Social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 22 norms norm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 23 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 24 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 25 wake wake NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 26 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 27 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 28 global global JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 29 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 30 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 31 Using use VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 32 econometrics econometrics NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 33 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 34 A a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 35 practical practical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 36 guide guide NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 37 Culture culture NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 38 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 39 openness openness NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 40 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 41 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 42 finance finance VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 43 Social Social NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 44 psychology psychology NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 45 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 46 intergroup intergroup NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 47 relations relation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 48 Corruption Corruption NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 49 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 50 entrepreneurship entrepreneurship NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 483 51 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 1 How how WRB cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 2 formal formal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 3 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 4 informal informal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 5 institutions institution NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 6 shape shape VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 7 small small JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 8 firm firm JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 9 behavior behavior NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 10 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 11 transition transition NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 12 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 13 mature mature JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 14 market market NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 484 15 economies economy NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 1 Conceptual conceptual JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 2 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 3 methodological methodological JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 4 questions question NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 5 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 7 study study NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 8 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 9 collective collective JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 10 identities identity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 11 Does do VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 12 financial financial JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 13 crisis crisis NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 14 impact impact NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 15 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 16 management management NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 485 17 ? ? . cord-311807-o7d2yure 486 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 486 2 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 486 3 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 486 4 Social Social NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 486 5 comparison comparison NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 486 6 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 486 7 group group NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 486 8 interest interest NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 486 9 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 486 10 ingroup ingroup NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 486 11 favouritism favouritism NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 2 role role NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 4 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 5 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 6 business business NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 7 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 8 consumer consumer NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 9 ethics ethic NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 10 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 11 A a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 12 review review NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 13 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 487 15 literature literature NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 2 effects effect NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 3 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 4 religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 5 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 6 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 7 judgments judgment NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 8 Religiosity religiosity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 9 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 10 ethical ethical JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 11 behavior behavior NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 12 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 13 organizations organization NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 14 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 15 A a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 16 symbolic symbolic JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 17 interactionist interactionist NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 488 18 perspective perspective NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 2 Protestant protestant JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 3 ethic ethic NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 4 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 6 spirit spirit NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 8 capitalism capitalism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 9 Social social JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 10 capital capital NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 11 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 12 Implications implication NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 13 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 14 development development NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 15 theory theory NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 17 research research NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 18 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 19 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 20 policy policy NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 489 21 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 490 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 490 2 World World NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 490 3 Bank Bank NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 490 4 Research Research NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 490 5 Observer Observer NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 490 6 Corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 490 7 ownership ownership NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 490 8 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 490 9 equity equity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 490 10 risk risk NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 490 11 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 490 12 returns return NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 490 13 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 1 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 2 People People NNPS cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 3 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 4 Republic Republic NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 6 China China NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 7 Acknowledgement Acknowledgement NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 8 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 9 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 10 would would MD cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 11 like like VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 12 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 13 thank thank VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 14 two two CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 15 reviewers reviewer NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 16 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 17 two two CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 18 editors editor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 19 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 21 feedback feedback NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 22 comments comment NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 23 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 24 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 25 improved improve VBD cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 26 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 27 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 28 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 29 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 30 manuscript manuscript NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 31 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 491 32 _SP cord-311807-o7d2yure 492 1 Harry Harry NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 492 2 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 492 3 F. F. NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 492 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 492 5 2014 2014 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 492 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 492 7 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 1 Discourses discourse NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 2 on on IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 3 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 4 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 5 identity identity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 6 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 7 norway norway NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 8 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 9 Right right JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 10 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 11 wing wing NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 12 radicalism radicalism NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 13 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 14 anti anti JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 15 - - JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 16 immigration immigration JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 17 parties party NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 493 18 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 1 In in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 2 E. E. NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 3 EARNQUAL EARNQUAL NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 4 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 5 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 6 rank rank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 8 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 9 quality quality NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 10 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 11 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 12 firm firm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 13 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 14 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 15 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 16 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 17 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 18 headquarters headquarter NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 19 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 20 derived derive VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 21 through through IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 22 StarMine StarMine NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 23 database database NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 24 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 25 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 26 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 27 values value NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 28 indicating indicate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 29 higher high JJR cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 30 rated rate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 31 firms firm NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 494 32 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 1 RELIG RELIG NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 4 first first JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 5 principal principal JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 6 component component NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 8 : : : cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 10 a a LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 13 percentage percentage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 14 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 15 respondents respondent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 16 that that WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 17 indicates indicate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 18 religion religion NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 19 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 20 important important JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 21 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 22 them -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 24 REL_IMP rel_imp UH cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 26 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 28 b b LS cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 30 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 31 percentage percentage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 32 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 33 respondents respondent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 34 say say VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 35 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 36 they -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 37 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 38 a a DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 39 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 40 person person NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 42 REL_MEMB rel_memb NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 44 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 45 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 47 c c NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 49 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 50 percentage percentage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 51 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 52 respondents respondent NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 53 say say VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 54 that that IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 55 they -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 56 attend attend VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 57 religious religious JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 58 services service NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 60 REL_SERV REL_SERV NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-311807-o7d2yure 495 62 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 496 1 INST_OWN inst_own PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 496 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 496 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 496 4 percentage percentage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 496 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 496 6 stocks stock NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 496 7 owned own VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 496 8 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 496 9 institutional institutional JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 496 10 investors investor NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 496 11 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 497 1 GOV_OWN gov_own NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 497 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 497 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 497 4 percentage percentage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 497 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 497 6 stocks stock NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 497 7 owned own VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 497 8 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 497 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 497 10 government government NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 497 11 or or CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 497 12 governmental governmental JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 497 13 agencies agency NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 497 14 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 498 1 EBT EBT NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 498 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 498 3 earnings earning NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 498 4 before before IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 498 5 taxes taxis NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 498 6 deflated deflate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 498 7 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 498 8 lagged lag VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 498 9 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 498 10 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 498 11 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 499 1 SIZE size NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 499 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 499 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 499 4 natural natural JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 499 5 logarithm logarithm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 499 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 499 7 year year NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 499 8 - - HYPH cord-311807-o7d2yure 499 9 end end VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 499 10 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 499 11 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 499 12 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 500 1 LEVERAGE LEVERAGE NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 500 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 500 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 500 4 ratio ratio NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 500 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 500 6 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 500 7 debt debt NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 500 8 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 500 9 total total VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 500 10 common common JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 500 11 equity equity NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 500 12 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 501 1 GROWTH growth NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 501 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 501 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 501 4 annual annual JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 501 5 growth growth NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 501 6 rate rate NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 501 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 501 8 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 501 9 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 501 10 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 502 1 CFO CFO NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 502 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 502 3 cash cash NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 502 4 flow flow NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 502 5 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 502 6 operating operate VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 502 7 activities activity NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 502 8 deflated deflate VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 502 9 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 502 10 average average JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 502 11 total total JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 502 12 assets asset NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 502 13 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 503 1 GDPGR GDPGR NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 503 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 503 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 503 4 annual annual JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 503 5 growth growth NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 503 6 rate rate NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 503 7 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 503 8 GDP GDP NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 503 9 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 1 CORRUP CORRUP NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 4 control control NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 6 corruption corruption NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 7 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 8 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 9 captures capture VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 10 perceptions perception NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 12 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 13 extent extent NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 14 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 15 which which WDT cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 16 public public JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 17 power power NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 18 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 19 exercised exercise VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 20 for for IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 21 private private JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 22 gain gain NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 23 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 24 including include VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 25 both both CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 26 petty petty JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 27 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 28 grand grand JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 29 forms form NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 30 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 31 corruption corruption NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 32 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 33 as as RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 34 well well RB cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 35 as as IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 36 " " `` cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 37 capture capture NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 38 " " '' cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 39 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 40 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 41 state state NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 42 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 43 elites elite NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 44 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 45 private private JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 46 interests interest NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 504 47 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 1 Percentile percentile JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 2 rank rank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 3 indicates indicate VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 4 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 5 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 6 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 7 rank rank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 8 among among IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 9 all all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 10 countries country NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 11 covered cover VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 12 by by IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 13 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 14 aggregate aggregate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 15 indicator indicator NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 16 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 17 with with IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 18 0 0 NFP cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 19 corresponding correspond VBG cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 20 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 21 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 22 lowest low JJS cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 23 rank rank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 24 , , , cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 25 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 26 100 100 CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 27 to to IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 28 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 29 highest high JJS cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 30 rank rank NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 505 31 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 506 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311807-o7d2yure 506 2 standardise standardise VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 506 3 CORRUP CORRUP NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 506 4 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 506 5 be be VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 506 6 between between IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 506 7 zero zero CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 506 8 and and CC cord-311807-o7d2yure 506 9 one one CD cord-311807-o7d2yure 506 10 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 507 1 POP pop NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 507 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 507 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 507 4 natural natural JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 507 5 logarithm logarithm NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 507 6 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 507 7 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 507 8 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 507 9 's 's POS cord-311807-o7d2yure 507 10 population population NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 507 11 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 508 1 MALE male NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 508 2 is be VBZ cord-311807-o7d2yure 508 3 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 508 4 percentage percentage NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 508 5 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 508 6 male male JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 508 7 residents resident NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 508 8 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 508 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 508 10 country country NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 508 11 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 508 12 corporate corporate JJ cord-311807-o7d2yure 508 13 headquarters headquarter NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 508 14 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 1 The the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 2 observations observation NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 3 use use VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 4 to to TO cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 5 capture capture VB cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 6 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 7 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 8 from from IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 9 the the DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 10 accounting accounting NN cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 11 measures measure NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 12 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 13 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 14 thousands thousand NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 15 of of IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 16 US US NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 17 dollars dollar NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 509 18 . . . cord-311807-o7d2yure 510 1 All all DT cord-311807-o7d2yure 510 2 variables variable NNS cord-311807-o7d2yure 510 3 are be VBP cord-311807-o7d2yure 510 4 defined define VBN cord-311807-o7d2yure 510 5 in in IN cord-311807-o7d2yure 510 6 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-311807-o7d2yure 510 7 I. I. NNP