cord-001079-v01vwu00	2013	
cord-001690-cn21fgug	2015	In the present study, a new vaccination strategy approach based on three recombinant bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) vectors, each expressing different MPXV glycoproteins, A29L, M1R and B6R were investigated in terms of protection from a lethal MPXV challenge in STAT1 knockout mice. In vivo efficacy testing of BoHV-4-A-CMV-A29LgD 106 ΔTK, BoHV-4-A-EF1α-M1RgD 106 ΔTK and BoHV-4-A-EF1α-B6RgD 106 ΔTK To test the efficacy of the vectors in vivo, we sought to determine if they could protect mice against a lethal challenge with MPXV. Since the purpose of this study was to determine the capability of BoHV-4-based viral vectors to protect STAT1 (-/-) mice against a lethal MPXV infection, the first concern was the generation of optimized expression cassettes to be integrated into the BAC-BoHV-4-A genome that were able to efficiently express A29L, M1R and B6R antigens. In summary, our findings have demonstrated that BoHV-4 based vectors can be used as vaccines to protect against a lethal MPXV challenge in mice.
cord-001938-n2d5fw2f	2016	Furthermore, CMV reactivation in critically ill patients has been associated with a prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation [2, 4, [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] , an increased length of stay in the ICU [3, 5, 9, 10, 13] , and excess mortality [2, 4, [7] [8] [9] . Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether these findings imply that CMV reactivation is a truly independent risk factor with respect to these observed poor clinical outcomes because most studies that have assessed these associations did not adequately account for all possible sources of bias. Possible confounders that were screened included all patient characteristics and therapeutic interventions listed in Table 1 , and some markers of disease severity: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ICU intensive care unit, PEEP positive end expiratory pressure, P/F partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (APACHE) IV score, presence of septic shock, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) setting.
cord-003085-7krf1yxz	2018	
cord-003376-2qi4aibx	2018	title: Effect of cytomegalovirus reactivation on the time course of systemic host response biomarkers in previously immunocompetent critically ill patients with sepsis: a matched cohort study Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is observed in 14-41% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients without known prior immune deficiency [1] [2] [3] and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality [4] [5] [6] . Therefore, this longitudinal study aimed to investigate whether the temporal course of seven host response biomarkers, including both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, in previously immunocompetent ICU patients with sepsis differs between patients with and without CMV reactivation. Time trends of various markers within patients were described by symmetric percentage differences relative to their levels 2 days prior to CMV viremia onset (Fig. 2 for primary comparison, Additional file 1: Figure S1 for secondary comparison). We performed an explorative study to compare time trends of host response biomarkers in patients with reactivation that were matched to non-reactivating control patients who were either seropositive or seronegative for CMV.
cord-004059-furt6xcn	2019	However, little is known about herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation occurring in patients with severe ARDS under veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The following data were retrospectively recorded from the patients'' medical file: age, sex, Simplified Acute Physiologic Score II (SAPS II) [21] , Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score [22] , presence of co-morbidities, presence of previous immunosuppression, cause of ARDS, date of MV initiation, date of ECMO implementation, other organ failure associated with ARDS during ICU stay (in particular need for catecholamines or renal replacement therapy), blood transfusion, post-aggressive pulmonary fibrosis (defined by an alveolar procollagen III higher than 9 µg/l) [23] , time of HSV/CMV reactivation, delay between MV and HSV/CMV reactivation, delay between ECMO and HSV/CMV reactivation, duration of MV (from the day of intubation to the day of MV weaning), ECMO duration (from the day of ECMO implementation to its removal or death), ECMO-free days at day 28, ventilator-free days (VFD) at day 28, ICU length of stay [from the day of ICU admission (in the first ICU if the patient was referred from another hospital) to discharge], hospital length of stay [from the admission to hospital (in the original hospital if the patient was referred from another hospital) to discharge to home or to rehabilitation ward], ICU and hospital mortality, acyclovir or ganciclovir treatment after reactivation under ECMO.
cord-004591-2hchnlwb	2012	In den vergangenen Jahren sind in Deutschland wiederholt behördliche Be schäftigungsverbote für schwangere Mit arbeiterinnen ausgesprochen worden, so fern diese in der Kinderbetreuung oder im Gesundheitswesen tätig und gegenüber schwangerschaftsrelevanten Infektionen (z. Im Hinblick auf eine potenzielle Infek tionsgefährdung dürfen nach § 4 Abs. 2 Nr. 6 des MuSchG werdende Mütter nicht "mit Arbeiten, bei denen sie infol ge ihrer Schwangerschaft in besonderem Maße der Gefahr, an einer Berufskrank heit zu erkranken, ausgesetzt sind oder bei denen durch das Risiko der Entste hung einer Berufskrankheit eine erhöh te Gefährdung für die werdende Mutter oder eine Gefahr für die Leibesfrucht be steht" beschäftigt werden. Healthcare workers · Maternity protection law · Pregnancy · Occupationally acquired infections gezeigt werden, dass Patienten und medi zinisches Personal sowohl Auslöser von Infektionsketten sein als auch an solchen Infektionen erkranken und versterben können [25] . Occupational risk of human cytomegalovirus and parvovirus B19 infection in female day care personnel in the Netherlands: a study based on seroprevalence Occupational risk for primary cytomegalovirus infection among pediatric health-care workers
cord-004643-uu4uipfy	2020	Here, we present a fatal case of HLH secondary to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection complicated by both anti-viral drug resistance and sepsis from multiple MDROs including pandrug-resistant superbug bacteria. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the MDR bacteria and metagenomic analysis of his blood sample revealed an unusual accumulation of a wide range of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in a single patient, including antiviral resistance to ganciclovir, and resistance mechanisms to all currently available antibiotics. Ganciclovir resistance was confirmed by the presence of the A594V mutation in UL97 [6] What was unique in our patient compared to other reported CMV-associated HLH cases was the overwhelming infection with MDROs. On hospital admission, the patient was found to be colonized with multiple MDROs including VRE, and carbapenamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, which may have been acquired during his previous hospital course in India.
cord-004675-n8mlxe7p	2019	However, the mean infusion rate per site was similar between patients aged <18 years ( XMEN disease (X-linked Immunodeficency with Magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection and Neoplasia) is a primary immune deficiency caused by mutations in MAGT1 and characterized by chronic infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), EBV-driven lymphoma, CD4 T-cell lymphopenia, and dysgammaglobulinemia. We present the case of a 1-year old Hispanic infant with a pathogenic variant in MAGT1 gene that clinically manifested with early Pneumocystis jirovecii and cytomegalovirus (CMV) interstitial pneumonia, and EBV chronic infection with good response to intravenous immunoglobulins supplementation without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or gene therapy. Chief, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, IDGS, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA Hypomorphic Recombination Activating Gene 1 (RAG1) mutations result in residual T-and B-cell development in both humans and mice and have been found in patients presenting with delayed-onset combined immune deficiency with granulomas and/or autoimmunity (CID-G/AI).
cord-004986-en7taikk	2002	
cord-005225-7uuilki4	2008	
cord-005453-4057qib7	2019	To compare the safety and efficacy of prophylactic DLI for prevention of relapse after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from haploidentical donors (HID-SCT) and matched-sibling donors (MSD-SCT) in patients with very high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we performed a retrospective, observational cohort study enrolled in 21 HID-SCT and 13 MSD-SCT recipients. The aim of this study is to identify the prognostic impact of pre-transplant TIM3 levels on early and late transplant related complications as well as post-transplant relapse and survival Methods: A total of 177 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients with an initial diagnosis of acute leukemia [median age: 36(16-66) years; male/ female: 111/66] were included in the study.
cord-005460-ezrn8cva	2017	Still the optimal combination of immunosuppressive agents with PTCy should be elucidated for different types of SCTs. We report the 2-year update of the prospective NCT02294552 single-center trial that evaluated risk-adapted graft-versushost disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with PTCy in related, unrelated and haploidentical SCTs. 200 adult patients (median age 32 y.o., range: 18-62) with hematologic malignancies, including AML (47.5%), ALL (26.5%), CML (10.5%), MDS (4%), and lymphomas (11.5%), were enrolled in the study. Long-term follow-up from the prospective randomized phase III multicenter trial comparing a standard GvHD prophylaxis with cyclosporine A and methotrexate with or without additional pretransplant ATLG (Grafalon, previously ATG-FRESENIUS S) (given 20 mg/kg/day, days − 3 to − 1) in unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation after myeloablative conditioning resulted in a significant reduction of acute and chronic GvHD without compromising relapse rate and survival [1, 2, 3] .
cord-005478-5iu38pr6	2019	There were some differences among groups: patients in group-1 were younger (median age 46 years, p< 0.02) were transplanted in more recent year (2015, p< 0.001), received more frequently a regimen based on TBF (thiotepa, fludarabine and busulfan) (83%, p< 0.001) and bone marrow (BM) as source of stem cells (77%, p< 0.001), with no ATG (100%, p< 0.001). Clinical Trial Registry: NCT01217723 Disclosure: None of the Authors have any conflicts of interest to declare O105 Immune reconstitution -based score at diagnosis of CGVHD predicts GVHD severity and overall-survival: A novel prognostication tool for GVHD treatment tailoring Background: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) survivors are at a relevant risk of developing chronic GvHD (cGvHD), which importantly affects quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality.
cord-005480-yg7salqt	2008	Standard NIH or Eurolupus cyclophosphamide (CY) protocols and mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) as induction therapy in severe BILAG A SLE is still associated with 20 % failure, 50% relapse and 10% to 15 % death at 10 years In the absence of a single standard treatment worldwide for refractory SLE, phase I-II studies analysed the use of: a) rituximab (anti CD20 mAb) in more than 1 000 patients showing complete to partial early response around 100% with relapse in 50 to 60% of the cases; b) autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) since 1997 under the auspices of the joined EBMT-EULAR working party, reporting durable remission with reduced or no immunosuppressive drug requirement in 66%, one-third of whom later relapsed to some degree with a 74 ± 7% (n= 62/79) overall survival at 5 years for SLE among the 863 HSCT procedures registered: in 2007 in the EBMT data base.
cord-005487-vac061r8	2010	We retrospectively analyzed 1257 patients (pts), 755 children (age≤18) and 502 adults, receiving fi rst single (n = 1080) or double UCBT (n = 177) in EBMT centers, between 1995 and 2009 , for malignant and non-malignant diseases, who survived at least 100 days from transplantation with neutrophils recovery and without relapse or autologous reconstitution. Prochymal® improves response rates in patients with steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease involving the liver and gut: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre phase III trial in GvHD P.J. Martin (1) , J.P. Uberti (2) Background and methods: Steroid-refractory acute GVHD (SR-GVHD) remains a signifi cant and life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). A. Nagler (1) Background: Allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (allo-SCT) from an HLA-matched related (MRD) or unrelated donor (URD) is a curative option for patients (pts) with high-risk hematological disease (HRHD).
cord-005794-3u4iu41r	2008	
cord-006393-jcj9nqfu	1990	
cord-006466-e1phpqes	2018	Whole exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous mutation, previously reported (c.1425+1G>T) Conclusions: In summary, this report emphasizes the suspicion of a combined immunodeficiency in the presence of multiple abscesses by Mycoplasma, the usefulness of rDNA 16s in order to achieve proper Objectives: We describe a 15-year-old male patient with novel heterozygous mutation of EP300 gene; his first manifestations were initially characterized by infections, cytopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia suggesting a Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID), but later on, persisting lymphopenia was suggestive of a combined immunodeficiency. Conclusions: Close monitoring of immune function in early life for patients with CHH and CID as well as the availability of suitable donors assists in determining management, including HSCT Introduction/Background: Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD) represents a group of distinct inherited disorders, which inhibit the normal extravasation of neutrophils and their recruitment to sites of infection or inflammation.
cord-006586-49btg9w7	2000	
cord-006713-io9yp1y2	2007	Auf der anderen Seite haben diese Entwicklungen aber auch dazu geführt, dass sich das Spektrum der zur intensivmedizinischen Behandlung führenden Komplikationen verändert hat: Sie treten heute weniger in der Akutphase im ersten Monat nach Transplantation, sondern häufiger im weiteren Verlauf Monate und Jahre nach SZT bei Auftreten der GvHD oder nach erneuter adoptiver Zelltherapie mit Retransplantation auf. Während in der neutropenischen Pre-engraftment Phase die neutropenische Enterocolitis (siehe Kapitel Infektionen nach Stammzelltransplantation) im Vordergund steht, stellen vor allem bei allogener Transplantation nach dem Engraftment Enteritiden eine häufige Komplikation dar: Hier ist die exakte Erregerdiagnose wichtig, neben Clostridium difficile können eine Vielzahl viraler Erreger (CMV, HHV6, VZV, Adenovirus, aber auch typische Enteroviren wie Rotaviren und Noroviren) zu schweren und lang anhaltenden Enteritiden führen. Eine adäquate Diagnostik und Therapie von Komplikationen nach SZT ist für die intensivmedizinische Behandlung dieser Patienten essentiell, und kann zu einer Verbesserung der Prognose führen.
cord-006841-3u56erru	2003	The number of stem cells in the graft and the type of GvHD prophylaxis are factors which determine the rate of hematopoeitic reconstitution and may therefore also influence incidence and severity of infections during the early post-transplantation period. Modification of empiric antimicrobial regimens in patients with neutropenic fever after allogeneic stem cell transplantation When the causative agent of an infection has been identified, antibacterial therapy should be adapted according to the resistance pattern of the pathogen. If fever occurs in a patient later than 100 days after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, the upper and lower respiratory tract (bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis), and bacteremias have to be considered as specific foci of infections. Clinical manifestations of adenovirus infections in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation that have been reported so far include pneumonia, hepatitis, cystitis, diarrhea, and also disseminated disease (for diagnostic procedures see Table 3 ).
cord-006856-b1w25ob5	2005	Egr-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) gene expression was examined in left ventricular biopsies of explanted failing hearts in 28 ICM and 42 DCM patients, as well as in 12 donor grafts before reperfusion (control), at 10, 30, 60 minutes after reperfusion, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 posttransplant weeks, using real-time RT-PCR. The risk of transplant-related mortality (TRM) due to graft-versushost disease (GvHD) is higher in male recipients of female stem cells compared with female patients receiving a graft from a female donor. We therefore analyzed a single-center cohort of 72 high-risk patients transplanted with a related or unrelated stem cell graft after nonmyeloablative conditioning for outcome (acute and chronic GvHD, TRM, relapse, and survival). Four patients between the age of 34 and 44 years underwent allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation (SCT) from HLA-identical sibling or unrelated donors at our institution.
cord-007575-5ekgabx5	2016	
cord-009567-osstpum6	2008	Introduction: Previously, it has been demonstrated that FOXP3, a gene required for the development and function of regulatory T cells, was highly expressed in the graft during cardiac rejection, suggesting infiltration of regulatory T cells in the transplanted organ during an allogeneic response. Efficacy and safety parameters assessed at follow-up included: acute rejection; patient and graft survival; renal function, vital signs, basic lab results and immunosuppressive regimen for the patients 10 years after completion of the original study. We analyzed, for the first time, the expression of TLR4 in PBMC from kidney recipients with contrasted situations: operational tolerance and chronic immune-mediated rejection (Banff 2005), compared to patients with normal histology and stable graft function, non transplant patients with renal failure and healthy volunteers.
cord-010130-28bt3x25	2015	RESULTS: After a median follow‐up of 23 months, cumulative incidence of viral infections was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI] 59–81) at 100 days and 77% (95% CI 67–87) at 1 year; 35 of 65 patients at risk had CMV reactivation (54%) and the rate of polyomavirus‐virus‐associated cystitis was 19% (13/70). In the present analysis, we described infectious complications after unmanipulated, T-cell replete haplo-HSCT using post-transplant Cy in 70 consecutive patients and found, aside from a high incidence of viral infections/reactivations, especially in the early posttransplant period, a quite low incidence of late bacterial infections, together with a very low incidence of IFIs after day +180 (2 events in the overall 11 observed). In conclusion, the present single-center data on 70 consecutive patients receiving T-cell replete haplo-HSCT with post-transplant Cy confirm a high rate of viral infections before day +100 and a lower incidence of infections afterward, suggesting a satisfactory although non-optimal immune reconstitution after this type of transplantation.
cord-011030-o4jn5883	2020	
cord-011197-bmigh2rs	2020	
cord-014462-11ggaqf1	2011	Molecular diagnosis based on reverse transcription (RT)-PCR s.a. one step or nested PCR, nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA), or real time RT-PCR, has gradually replaced the virus isolation method as the new standard for the detection of dengue virus in acute phase serum samples. Non-genetic methods of management of these diseases include quarantine measures, eradication of infected plants and weed hosts, crop rotation, use of certified virus-free seed or planting stock and use of pesticides to control insect vector populations implicated in transmission of viruses. The results of this study indicate that NS1 antigen based ELISA test can be an useful tool to detect the dengue virus infection in patients during the early acute phase of disease since appearance of IgM antibodies usually occur after fifth day of the infection. The studies showed high level of expression in case of constructed vector as compared to infected virus for the specific protein.
cord-015139-s7ox0h4f	2003	Pul monale Veränderungen finden sich häufig bei immunsupprimierten Patienten und können durch die Grunderkrankung, deren Behandlung, Infektionen, Tumoren oder Kombinationen dieser Ursachen bedingt sein. Bei CMV-Infektionen findet man häufig eine Kombinationen von milchglasartiger, interstitieller Verschattung mit später disseminierten fleckförmigen Knötchen, wobei die Unter-und Mittelfelder betont betroffen sind [5] . Die Therapiestrategien "universelle Prophylaxe" und "preemptive treatment" der CMV-Erkrankung gelten auch für Patienten mit iatrogener Immunsuppression nach Organtransplantation. B. die CMV-Retinitis, bei 85% der AIDS-oder HIV-infizierten Patienten mit geringer CD4-Zahl beobachtet werden [57] . Zusammenfassend kann festge-stellt werden,dass für allogen stammzelltransplantierte Patienten und Hochrisikopatienten, die sich einer autologen BSZT unterziehen, eine Prophylaxe mit Fluconazol (400 mg/Tag) empfohlen wird [63] .Aspergillusinfektionen werden hierdurch allerdings nicht mit erfasst. Bei Patienten mit Lungeninfiltraten in der febrilen Neutropenie ist jedoch wegen fehlender Aspergilluswirksamkeit von Fluconazol bereits initial konventionelles oder liposomales Amphotericin B zu empfehlen.
cord-015365-iqdi99pd	2011	Retrospective study to test ferritin serum levels as biomarker for graft-versus-host disease-associated non-infectious inflammatory reaction in 117 children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Background. One hundred seventy-eight patients (85 males, 93 females) with a median age of 40 years alive on day þ 100 after HCT with myeloablative (n ¼ 110) or reduced-intensity (n ¼ 68) conditioning and a related (n ¼ 37) or unrelated (n ¼ 141) stem cell donor were enrolled into the study. Using a non-myeloablative conditioning regimen followed by donor bone marrow (DBM) transplantation, we observed successful production of mixed chimerism in non-human primate renal allograft recipients, followed by normal kidney function with no evidence of chronic rejection for periods as long as thirteen years after discontinuing all I.S. In vitro studies of these recipients as well as of humans suggest that both central (clonal deletion) and peripheral (regulatory cells) mechanisms are involved.
cord-015389-vwgai4k9	2009	This study evaluates the safety of this approach, in terms of infusion-related toxicity and hematopoietic reconstitution, in 385 consecutive autologous transplantations performed from 4/97 to 9/08 in 348 patients (median age 46; underlying disease: lymphoma in 178, myeloma in 131, acute leukaemia in 17, breast cancer in 22). Patients and methods: Eight pts after allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) underwent MSCs infusions (median age of pts was 11 years, male/female: 6/2) between 2006 and 2009. Akiyama Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital (Tokyo, JP) Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the major factors that have infl uence on the outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Material and methods: during a 8 years period we have performed 144 stem cells transplantation in 134 patients with different hematological malignancies(AML: 74; ALL: 6; CML: 7; CLL: 1, NHL: 13; Hodgkin Diseases: 16; Multiple myelomas: 24; Aplastic anaemia: 1;Myelofi brosis:1 Ewing Sarcoma: 1; Male:78 Female 66.
cord-015922-5wwy0m2k	2008	
cord-016255-kkko1xne	2011	
cord-016267-idrc1sdh	2009	As early identification of patients at risk for developing viral disease reduces virus-related morbidity and mortality, monitoring with sensitive techniques such as antigenemia or quantitative PCR is indicated in all allogeneic SCT patients. Although the incidence of EBV-PTLD is generally lower than 2% following allogeneic SCT, it may increase up to 20% in patients with risk factors such as mismatched donor SCT, the use of an EBV positive donor to an EBV negative recipient, T-cell depletion, ATG therapy, and other forms of intensified immunosuppression for prevention and treatment of GVHD [92, 93] . Prevention of Epstein-Barr virus-lymphoproliferative disease by molecular monitoring and preemptive rituximab in high-risk patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load in bone marrow transplant recipients at risk to develop posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease: prophylactic infusion of EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells BK virus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: frequency, risk factors, and association with postengraftment hemorrhagic cystitis
cord-016478-gpl0zbvd	2018	The differential diagnosis for anemia after solid organ transplant includes hemolysis, drug toxicities, iron deficiency, infection, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder, graft-vs.-host disease, and hemophagocytic syndrome. Sirolimus and calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine have been shown in renal and lung transplant recipients to cause hemolytic anemia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome [15] [16] [17] . While this etiology is more often identified as a drug-related phenomenon, particularly due to the immunosuppressants required to prevent organ rejection (see next section), there have been multiple case reports associating CMV infection as a trigger of TMA in the posttransplant setting [53, 54] . When this is identified, numerous case studies in multiple different organ systems (lung, liver, kidney solid organ transplant) have reported that changing from one CI to another (tacrolimus to cyclosporine or vice versa) or to another class of medication such as sirolimus or mycophenolate mofetil can prevent further episodes of TMA from occurring [61] [62] [63] [64] .
cord-016903-z2vqfq98	2007	
cord-016932-bej10xbf	2018	
cord-016990-ot1wi3xi	2008	105, [181] [182] [183] [184] [185] [186] [187] [188] [189] [190] [191] The pathology is more prominent in larger bronchi, and inflammation may vary in intensity in individual patients, Viral inclusions cannot be identified by light microscopy (Fig, 11 .8D), Secondary bacterial infections with organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (group A streptococcus [GAS]), Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae may occur as a complication in about 50% to 75% of fatal cases and make it difficult to recognize the pathologic changes associated with the primary viral infec-445 tion ,190,192,193 The histopathologic features in other organs may include myocarditis, cerebral edema, rhabdomyolysis, and hemophagocytosis (Figs, 11.8H and 11.9E,F), Immunohistochemistry and ISH assays demonstrate that viral antigens and nucleic acids are usually sparse and are primarily seen in the bronchioepithelial cells of larger bronchioles (Figs.
cord-016998-6n662amh	2007	
cord-017012-yl0vanuh	2009	
cord-017030-tzuyo6tx	2018	There are several factors predisposing thoracic transplant recipients to infections: (A) factors present before transplantation: age, presence of comorbidities (e.g., chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, etc.), nutrition status, latent infections, colonization with healthcare-associated organisms, and occult community-acquired infections; (B) factors during the surgery: duration of the transplant procedure, graft injury including ischemic time, colonization or latent infection of the graft, surgical instrumentation (e.g., mechanical ventilation, invasive devices such as catheters, drains, Foley catheters, etc.), ICU stay, and need for re-interventions; and (C) factors present after transplant: degree of immunosuppression, CMV infection, and rejections ( Mechanical ventilation (MV) for >5 days immediately following transplant surgery and isolation of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) from airway cultures in the recipient were considered risk factors for invasive SA infections in a retrospective study of patients with lung and heart-lung transplants [20] .
cord-017782-dtveihrj	2010	
cord-018331-ovmtz4sb	2010	
cord-018393-5jlqn7wq	2011	Wenn sie sich jedoch verstärkt, kann man sie leicht erkennen, aber nur schwer heilen." (Nicolo Macchiavelli, 1449 -1527 Es ist wenig wahrscheinlich, dass biologische Anschläge rechtzeitig als solche erkannt werden, sofern kein automatisches Monitoring mit einem zuverlässigen Echtzeit-Nachweis von B-Agenzien existiert. B. Enzephalitiden viraler Genese sowie die Frühstadien von nvCJD und möglicherweise auch die Frühsymptomatik der Alzheimer-Krankheit; außerdem die Borreliose-Infektion (Neuroborreliose), bei der ein heterogenes Symptomenbild angenommen wird, das sich wenig mit der Ausprägung einer (BDV-spezifischen) Dysfunktion im limbischen System deckt. Unklar ist jedoch, wie häufig sich aus initial milden Infektionen der oberen Luftwege eine Bronchitis oder eine Pneumonie entwickelt und was die auslösenden Faktoren dafür sind. Beim Nachweis hoch positiver (häufig mit anderen Chlamydienspezies kreuzreagierender) Antikörper ist bei entsprechender klinischer Symptomatik die gezielte Erhebung der Anamnese hinsichtlich einer möglichen Exposition des Patienten gegenüber den natürlichen Wirten diagnostisch wegweisend. Aus Patientenseren wurden Cyclospora-spezifische Antikörper isoliert, jedoch sind die Vorgänge der Immunantwort auf Cyclospora noch nicht vollständig geklärt und ob sich eine Immunität entwickelt, ist fraglich.
cord-018545-fk17n2bx	2012	
cord-018659-rxzy6k3b	2018	
cord-018785-tcr5xlf8	2018	The immunosuppressive therapy required to prevent organ rejection places the kidney transplant recipient at increased risk for donor-derived, nosocomial, and community-acquired infections as well as reactivation of latent pathogens. The immunosuppressive therapy required to prevent organ rejection places the kidney transplant recipient at increased risk for donor-derived, nosocomial, and community-acquired infections as well as reactivation of latent pathogens. The risk factors for development of CMV disease include donor seropositivity/recipient seronegativity(Dþ/RÀ), use of induction immunosuppression (antilymphocyte antibodies), donor age >60 years, simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation, treatment for acute rejection, impaired transplant function, and concurrent infection from other viruses (like EBV and HHV-6 and 7) (De Keyzer et al. The risk factors for PTLD include EBV naïve recipients who receive EBV seropositive organs, active primary EBV infection, younger recipient, coinfection by CMV and other viruses, prior splenectomy, second transplant, acute or chronic graft versus host disease, immunosuppressive drug regimen (OKT3 or polyclonal antilymphocyte antibody), and the type of organ transplanted.
cord-018943-5zf0eya3	2011	
cord-019009-3ngfv96u	2016	Several characteristics of the transplant infl uence the risk of infection: the conditioning preparative regimen, the source of stem cells, the degree of HLA identity between donor and recipient, and the prophylactic strategy adopted to prevent GVHD (use of T cell depletion or immunosuppressive medications). These factors may result in increased risk of infections associated with T cell immunodefi ciency, like CMV, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Risk factors for recurrence of invasive fungal infection during secondary antifungal prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients Impact of the intensity of the pretransplantation conditioning regimen in patients with prior invasive aspergillosis undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a retrospective survey of the infectious diseases working party of the european group for blood and marrow transplantation Infl iximab use in patients with severe graftversus-host disease and other emerging risk factors of noncandida invasive fungal infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a cohort study
cord-021977-yu0hrg6h	2010	
cord-022472-q2qtl26d	2009	
cord-022752-bdve1ydv	2019	Zu den primär durch eine Blickdiagnose zu diagnostizierenden Infektionskrankheiten gehören auch die Windpocken (Varizellen) (› Abb. 10.5) mit kurz vor Exanthemausbruch bestehendem Fieber sowie Kopf-und Gliederschmerzen. Expositionsanamnese / Grundkrankheit (Disposition) Bei Kenntnis von zwei der drei genannten Faktoren kann auf den dritten geschlossen und eine kalkulierte antiinfektive Therapie begonnen werden. Wichtig für den klinischen Alltag sind nicht so sehr die Sensitivität und Spezifität eines Testverfahrens (Qualitätsmerkmale des Testverfahrens), sondern vor allem der positive bzw. Patienten mit einer Immundefizienz können abhängig von der vorliegenden Funktionsstörung oft auf Impfungen nicht adäquat reagieren und werden durch Lebendimpfstoffe u. Da der übermäßige Antibiotikaverbrauch zur Resistenzentwicklung beiträgt und Antibiotika Nebenwirkungen verursachen, ist eine möglichst zielgerechte Therapie für Patienten mit AOM, die wirklich davon profitieren, anzustreben. Da die normale Mundflora aus vielen verschiedenen Bakterienspezies besteht, wobei sowohl grampositive Erreger (grüne Streptokokken, β-hämolysierende Streptokokken) als auch Anaerobier und Actinomyzeten besonders häufig vorkommen, kann sich bei Prädisposition leicht eine Infektion entwickeln.
cord-022888-dnsdg04n	2009	Methods: Phospho-specific Western blot analyses were performed to verify the functionality of the different IFN-g pathway components, intra-and extracellular flow cytometry experiments were employed to determine the expression of antigen processing components and HLA class I cell surface antigens, quantitative real time-PCR experiments to confirm the absence of JAK2 and presence of pathway relevant molecules as well as, genomic PCR and chromosome typing technique to prove the deletion of JAK2. In order to accomplish these objectives we induced priming or tolerance of ovalbumin (OVA 323-339 peptide)-specific T cells from DO11.10 TCR transgenic mice in vitro or, following adoptive transfer of near physiologically relevant numbers of such cells into recipients, in vivo and correlated functional outcome (via proliferation and cytokine readout assays or antibody production) with E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases expression and the ubiquitination status of the TCR signalling machinery.
cord-023669-3ataw6gy	2009	As the population of patients with cancer, organ transplants, vasculitides, and human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infection has grown, intensivists are seeing more and more patients with altered immunity. For instance, if a patient presents with severe hypoxemia and diffuse pulmonary infi ltrates, a health care provider who recognizes a prior splenectomy as the major predisposition to infection would focus the diagnostic evaluation and the empiric therapy on Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus infl uenzae. Patients with HIV infection develop clinical disease as a result of three basic processes: the direct effect of HIV on specifi c organs (e.g., cardiomyopathy, enteropathy, dementia); immunologically mediated processes (e.g., glomerulonephritis, thrombocytopenia); or opportunistic infections and tumors that are enabled by HIV-induced immunosuppression. For instance, if a patient with HIV infection and a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of 700 cells/µL presents with diffuse pulmonary infi ltrates, the diagnostic evaluation and empiric antimicrobial regimen should focus on S.
cord-023729-dipjubn7	2009	
cord-023854-w8kx5n8k	2019	Anschließend dringt das Virus in die Nervenendigungen von peripheren sensorischen Nerven ein und wandert in ihnen retrograd bis zu den spinalen Hinterstrangganglien (bei HSV-1 meist Ganglion des N. Schleimhaut (Dermatom), wo es zur lokalen Virusvermehrung und Ausbildung von Bläschen kommt: Herpes zoster bei VZV, Herpes labialis oder genitalis bei HSV Die Infektion beginnt mit unspezifischen Symptomen (Fieber, Kopfschmerzen, Krankheitsgefühl) . VZV kann bei nachlassender zellulärer Immunität sowie durch noch unbekannte Mechanismen jederzeit reaktiviert werden: VZV wandert nun entlang der sensorischen peripheren Nerven anterograd an die Hautoberfläche, wo es im Bereich der betroffenen Dermatome zur Virusvermehrung mit Bläschenbildung (Herpes zoster) kommt. Inwieweit diese Komplikationen tatsächlich ursächlich nur durch HHV-6, oder möglicherweise erst in Verbindung mit zusätzlichen Infektionen (HIV, CMV und andere Herpesviren) hervorgerufen werden, ist derzeit nicht bekannt. Die Entwicklung eines Hydrops fetalis nach einer mütterlichen (und fetalen) Parvovirus-B19-Infektion ist insgesamt selten, sie liegt bei ca.
cord-103297-4stnx8dw	2020	In this work, we present our novel method DeepRC that integrates transformer-like attention, or equivalently modern Hopfield networks, into deep learning architectures for massive MIL such as immune repertoire classification. DeepRC sets out to avoid the above-mentioned constraints of current methods by (a) applying transformer-like attention-pooling instead of max-pooling and learning a classifier on the repertoire rather than on the sequence-representation, (b) pooling learned representations rather than predictions, and (c) using less rigid feature extractors, such as 1D convolutions or LSTMs. In this work, we contribute the following: We demonstrate that continuous generalizations of binary modern Hopfield-networks (Krotov & Hopfield, 2016 Demircigil et al., 2017) have an update rule that is known as the attention mechanisms in the transformer. We evaluate the predictive performance of DeepRC and other machine learning approaches for the classification of immune repertoires in a large comparative study (Section "Experimental Results") Exponential storage capacity of continuous state modern Hopfield networks with transformer attention as update rule
cord-257114-pxmflm2c	2012	
cord-259194-9zllvfqb	2011	
cord-263276-keyu60in	2013	
cord-266218-r6xg9zts	2018	
cord-267269-05mezubh	2010	
cord-269194-b1wlr3t7	2015	Complementing serologic testing by detecting infections within the pre-seroconversion window period and infections with immunovariant viruses, real-time PCR provides a highly valuable tool for screening, diagnosing, or monitoring diseases, as well as evaluating medical and therapeutic decision points that allows for more timely predictions of therapeutic failures than traditional methods and, lastly, assessing cure rates following targeted therapies. Beyond this, quantitative real-time PCR facilitates advancements in the quality of diagnostics by driving consensus management guidelines following standardisation to improve patient outcomes, pushing for disease eradication with assays offering progressively lower limits of detection, and rapidly meeting medical needs in cases of emerging epidemic crises involving new pathogens that may result in significant health threats. With the development and administration of newer drugs that target specific biological processes of HIV, routine and clinical monitoring of viral loads using a real-time quantitative PCR assay continues to be critical to predict treatment failure and early emergence of drug resistance mutations, within a timeframe that would increase subsequent treatment success.
cord-272835-6nx4f8ss	2017	
cord-274012-56i4sikj	2007	
cord-276343-sb3vd7fq	2006	
cord-279638-jr1mbh7s	2015	Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Update on the mechanism of action and on clinical efficacy of extracorporeal photopheresis in the treatment of acute and chronic graft versus host disease in children Extracorporeal photopheresis (photochemotherapy) in the treatment of acute and chronic graft versus host disease: immunological mechanisms and the results from clinical studies Role of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) in treatment of steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease Extracorporeal Photopheresis for the treatment of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease in adults and children: best practice recommendations from an Italian Society of Hemapheresis and Cell Manipulation (SIdEM) and Italian Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation (GITMO) consensus process Extracorporeal photopheresis for steroid resistant graft versus host disease in pediatric patients: a pilot single institution report Extracorporeal photochemotherapy in graft-versus-host disease: a longitudinal study on factors influencing the response and survival in pediatric patients
cord-280374-yj0r4rwt	2018	
cord-282618-tjvjlyn9	2010	To maintain a low risk of insertional mutagenesis-mediated gene activation, expression-augmenting sequences would ideally function to improve transgene expression from transiently transfected intact plasmid, but not from spurious genomically integrated vectors. A neomycin resistance gene (NeoR) without an upstream Kozak sequence was cloned downstream of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgene in different configurations similar to that used with PREs. Quantifiable neoR translation products were present in all tested configurations, as was biologically active neoR protein after plasmid transfection into both HEK293 and CHO cell lines (Supplementary Table S1 ). The assay was in the same format as in (a), except for the fact that Pol III inhibitor-treated cells were transfected with EGFP plasmids containing the CMV-HTLV-I R promoter with or without VA1; (c) Inhibition of PKR, not of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) or RNA interference (RNAI), was required for VA1 expression enhancement effect.
cord-283826-lgyc3sro	2010	
cord-285433-ehnu83qe	2015	
cord-288721-3bv3aak6	2019	Thus, single-organelle and multi-parameter resolution allows to explore altered energy metabolism and antiviral defence by tagged mitochondria selectively in virus-infected cells and will be instrumental to identify viral immune escape and to develop and monitor novel mitochondrial-targeted therapies. When challenged with high concentrations of calcium (100 µM), mitochondria isolated from virus-infected livers are much more fragile shown by time-dependent loss of membrane potential and change of their morphology indicated by decrease in side-scatter (Fig. 2F ). Number of viable mitochondria detected per second by flow-cytometry declined after calcium challenge, consistent with loss of mitochondrial integrity, and did so much faster in samples from virus-infected livers (Fig. 2F ). In order to further evaluate mitochondrial functionality, we challenged mitochondria with Ca 2+ as stress test and performed time kinetic measurements of DilC 1 (5) fluorescence and side-scatter of mito-DsRed + and mito-DsRed − mitochondria isolated from Ad-CMV-mitoRL infected livers.
cord-288945-c9ow1q5c	2019	
cord-290976-dhwlr2ui	2013	
cord-291960-1is0rv6c	2019	
cord-293886-gbv1ipmn	2008	
cord-296402-rd5clf8h	2007	Respecto al citomegalovirus (CMV), tanto la reactivación como la infección adquirida en período peritrasplante, suelen producirse entre el primero y el cuarto mes postrasplante, aunque en la actualidad se describen cada Las infecciones virales continúan siendo una importante causa de morbimortalidad en los pacientes trasplantados. Igualmente, en otro ensayo que comparó valganciclovir con ganciclovir oral en Castón profilaxis durante 90 días en receptores de TOS (hepático, cardíaco, renal y páncreas y riñón) en situación D+/R-, se observó cómo en ambos grupos todos los casos de enfermedad por CMV aparecieron después de los primeros 6 meses postrasplante 18 . De esta forma, los receptores seronegativos que reciben órganos de donantes seropositivos presentan entre 10 y 50 veces mayor riesgo de ELPT como consecuencia del desarrollo de infección primaria por VEB 27 .
cord-304066-rirbdhz3	2019	
cord-305085-bv7udg9k	2011	Postnatal exposure of susceptible infants to CMV, including premature infants without passively acquired maternal antibodies against CMV, infants born to CMV-seronegative mothers, and immunodeficient infants, can cause significant clinical illness (pneumonitis, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia).* In one study of premature infants followed up to 12 months, Vochem et al 430 found CMV transmission in 17 of 29 infants (59%) exposed to CMV virolactia and breastfed compared with no infants infected of 27 exposed to breast milk without CMV. 38, 104, 121 Laboratory reports demonstrate the presence of cell-free virus and cell-associated virus in breast milk as well as various immunologic factors that could block or limit infection.* A dose-response relationship has been observed, correlating the HIV viral load in human milk as well as a mother'' s plasma viral load with an increased transmission risk for the breastfed infant. 76 No case of transmission of yellow fever virus from an infected mother to her infant via breastfeeding or breast milk has been reported.
cord-307016-4hdsb5oq	2010	
cord-310217-p9nqcz5d	2020	
cord-311505-akcc9oms	2020	Additionally, this case validates colonoscopy as a mode to rule out concurrent infectious etiologies causing diarrhea in COVID-19-positive patients. Additionally, this case validates colonoscopy as a mode to rule out concurrent infectious etiologies causing diarrhea in COVID-19-positive patients. The novel 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19), a form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a pandemic of historical proportions. Due to its worldwide distribution, a paucity of clinical trial data, and a high mortality rate, the COVID pandemic has led to widespread implementation of experimental therapies with varying levels of success and, in some instances, poor outcomes (3, 4, 5) . We present a patient who was treated with experimental therapies and subsequently developed severe gastrointestinal pathology that was diagnosed by colonoscopy. The report describes a patient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who was treated with experimental immunomodulating therapies and, subsequently, developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis.
cord-313474-1gux1gsi	2015	Materials (or patients) and methods: We performed a multicenter, multinational, open-label, randomized study comparing anti-lymphocyte globulin (ATG-Fresenius s ) 10 mg/kg on day -3, -2 and -1 with no ATG in patients with AML (n ¼ 110) or ALL (n ¼ 45) in 1 st complete remission (CR; n ¼ 139) or 2 nd CR (n ¼ 16) who received peripheral blood stem cells from their HLA-identical sibling after standard TBI (12 Gy)/Ccclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) or busulfan (16 mg/ kg)/Cy (120 mg/kg) based myeloablative conditioning regimen. After allo-HSCT, detection of positive WT1 was followed by immunomodulatory therapeutic interventions according to the time from transplant, the presence of active graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and the general clinical conditions: tapering and/or discontinuation of immunosuppressive drugs (IS), donor lymphocytes infusions (DLI), administration of hypomethylating agents. Introduction: Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(Haplo-HSCT)is feasible option for patients with acute leukemia(AL)at high risk of relapse who do not have HLA-matched related or unrelated donors.
cord-315304-pge45105	2015	Viral infection is associated with both direct (invasive disease) and indirect (immune modulation) effects affecting susceptibility to other infections and promoting allograft rejection. The risk for viral infection is a function of the intensity of exposure and virulence of the specific virus, the intensity of immune suppression used to prevent graft rejection or graft-versus-host disease, underlying immune deficits, and factors affecting host susceptibility. Multiple factors contribute to viral reactivation after transplantation, including graft rejection and therapy, immune suppression (especially reduction of T-cell mediated, cytotoxic immunity), inflammation, and tissue injury. The clinical presentation of CMV (HHV-5) can range from a ''CMV syndrome'' including fever, malaise, leukopenia, to a ''flu-like'' illness with myalgias and fatigue, to a more significant end-organ disease with pneumonitis, colitis, encephalitis, hepatitis, or chorioretinitis. The treatment of viral infections in the renal transplantation recipient includes: the reduction of immunosuppression, antiviral therapy, diagnosis and treatment of co-infections (such as CMV, EBV, HHV-6, or À7), and use of adjunctive therapies such as immunoglobulins or colony stimulating factors.
cord-323691-5s5almd2	2001	Abstract The ''infectious DNA'' approach, which is based on in vivo transcription of (+)RNA virus genome cDNA cassettes from eukaryotic promoters in transfected cells, became a popular alternative to the classical scheme in the infectious clone methodology. Substantial difficulties, however, were encountered in design of flavivirus ''infectious DNA'', requiring either modification of the viral genome cassette (Yamshchikov et al., 2001) to prevent unwanted expression of viral genome segments encoding toxic for Escherichia coli products, or deletion of the structural protein region (Varnavski et al., 2000) . For this reason we sought to investigate if the stability of constructs containing an unmodified virus genome cassette can be improved by preventing its deleterious expression at the transcriptional level, i.e. by minimizing spurious transcription from eukaryotic promoters in E.
cord-335692-5uxtua9o	2020	
cord-340228-mvqoyror	2019	Results: A total of 274 PID children were registered in KNPIDR during the study period with predominance of immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity, followed by combined immunodeficiencies with associated syndromic features and diseases of immune dysregulation. CMV and parainfluenza infections were more common in the group of immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity while EBV and human papilloma virus (HPV) were more common in the immune dysregulation group and combined immunodeficiencies with associated syndromic features, respectively. The distribution of these patients according to PID categories is: immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity, 97 patients (35.4%); combined immunodeficiencies with associated syndromic features, 67 patients (24.5%); predominantly antibody deficiencies, 34 patients (12.4%); diseases of immune dysregulation, 47 patients (17.2%); congenital defects of phagocyte number or function, 17 patients (6.2%); autoinflammatory disorders, 1 patient (0.3%); and complement deficiencies, 11 patients (4%).
cord-340489-yo3cp5vs	2008	Die Wirksamkeit von BVDU bei VZV-Infektionen (Varizellen und Zoster) immunkompromittierter Patienten ist durchaus sehr gut und vergleichbar der von i.v. verabreichtem Aciclovir, jedoch fällt die Nutzen-Risiko-Betrachtung insgesamt auch bei VZV-Therapie zu Gunsten von Aciclovir aus, da BVDU eher mutagen zu sein scheint und nicht zusammen mit 5-Fluorouracil (Zytostatikum) gegeben werden darf. In klinischen Studien konnte durch Anwendung von ACV bei EBV-Infektionen auch die Virusausscheidung deutlich vermindert werden, ein wesentlicher Einfluss auf den Krankheitsverlauf ließ sich nicht erreichen. Typisch für viele opportunistische Erreger ist, dass sie weit verbreitet sind und nach einer Primärinfektion, die bereits vor der HIV-Infektion stattfindet, zu latenten Infektionen führen. Die Prophylaxe von Infektionen bereits vor deren erstem Auftreten (Primärprophylaxe) oder nach der ersten Episode (Sekundärprophylaxe) ist weiterhin eine wichtige Aufgabe bei der Betreuung HIV-positiver Patienten, auch wenn opportunistische Infektionen durch die antiretrovirale Therapie insgesamt seltener geworden sind.
cord-342000-h4jo2bir	2012	
cord-347064-ljd121no	2016	
cord-347761-wgodcsav	2009	
cord-348130-t9tysvr8	2018	In addition, the types and risk factors of infectious complications differ according to the stem cell source, donor type, conditioning intensity, region, prophylaxis strategy, and comorbidities, such as graft-versushost disease and invasive fungal infection. Bacteria: consider fluoroquinolone a Fungus: consider prophylaxis during neutropenia, consider PCP prophylaxis Virus: during neutropenia or longer depending on risks HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; PCP, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia; GVHD, graft-versus-host disease; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α. In a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-HIV immunocompromised hosts (patients with acute leukemia and recipients of HSCT and solid organ transplant), the incidence of PCP was reduced by 91% (relative risk [RR], 0.09) in trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis group compared with placebo [69, 70] . Epidemiology and risk factors for invasive fungal diseases among allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients in Korea: results of
cord-348547-wmvqvbqi	2013	title: Post-mortem diagnosis, of cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus co-infection by combined histology and tissue molecular biology, in a sudden unexplained infant death Objectives To describe post-mortem combined histological and tissue molecular biological techniques for the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus co-infection as a cause of death. Study design Real-time quantitative PCR and RT-PCR assays for Herpesviruses, respiratory viruses, Adenovirus, Enterovirus and Parvovirus B19 were performed on multi-organ frozen samples and paraffin-embedded tissues in combination with histology. Conclusions This case shows that thorough quantitative virological investigations on frozen tissues must be performed in combination with histology and immunohistochemistry for the determination of the cause of a sudden unexplained infant death. Post-mortem virological quantitative molecular analyses performed on frozen tissue samples revealed cytomegalovirus (CMV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV), mainly in the lungs. However, pulmonary necrotizing inflammatory lesions, immunohistochemistry, and molecular detection of CMV and VZV in multi-organs samples demonstrated the role of the co-infection in the death.
cord-350807-qdq96723	2020	
cord-354325-r73datur	2002	
cord-354374-rtgjjglc	2000