Carrel name: keyword-city-cord Creating study carrel named keyword-city-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-017790-5iwgebvp.json key: cord-017790-5iwgebvp authors: Siegel, Frederic R. title: Disease Protection in Sea Coast (and Inland) Cities: Problems in Dense Populations with Shantytowns/Slums date: 2019-07-13 journal: Adaptations of Coastal Cities to Global Warming, Sea Level Rise, Climate Change and Endemic Hazards DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22669-5_6 sha: doc_id: 17790 cord_uid: 5iwgebvp file: cache/cord-000317-pixbry0c.json key: cord-000317-pixbry0c authors: Eggo, Rosalind M.; Cauchemez, Simon; Ferguson, Neil M. title: Spatial dynamics of the 1918 influenza pandemic in England, Wales and the United States date: 2011-02-06 journal: J R Soc Interface DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0216 sha: doc_id: 317 cord_uid: pixbry0c file: cache/cord-005189-z92vwovw.json key: cord-005189-z92vwovw authors: Saier, Milton H. title: Are Megacities Sustainable? date: 2006-07-28 journal: Water Air Soil Pollut DOI: 10.1007/s11270-006-9211-1 sha: doc_id: 5189 cord_uid: z92vwovw file: cache/cord-198395-v15queyh.json key: cord-198395-v15queyh authors: Storch, David-Maximilian; Timme, Marc; Schroder, Malte title: Incentive-driven discontinuous transition to high ride-sharing adoption date: 2020-08-25 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 198395 cord_uid: v15queyh file: cache/cord-102613-hly07ne3.json key: cord-102613-hly07ne3 authors: Danko, David; Bezdan, Daniela; Afshinnekoo, Ebrahim; Ahsanuddin, Sofia; Bhattacharya, Chandrima; Butler, Daniel J; Chng, Kern Rei; Donnellan, Daisy; Hecht, Jochen; Kuchin, Katerina; Karasikov, Mikhail; Lyons, Abigail; Mak, Lauren; Meleshko, Dmitry; Mustafa, Harun; Mutai, Beth; Neches, Russell Y; Ng, Amanda; Nikolayeva, Olga; Nikolayeva, Tatyana; Png, Eileen; Ryon, Krista; Sanchez, Jorge L; Shaaban, Heba; Sierra, Maria A; Thomas, Dominique; Young, Ben; Abudayyeh, Omar O.; Alicea, Josue; Bhattacharyya, Malay; Blekhman, Ran; Castro-Nallar, Eduardo; Cañas, Ana M; Chatziefthimiou, Aspassia D; Crawford, Robert W; De Filippis, Francesca; Deng, Youping; Desnues, Christelle; Dias-Neto, Emmanuel; Dybwad, Marius; Elhaik, Eran; Ercolini, Danilo; Frolova, Alina; Gankin, Dennis; Gootenberg, Jonathan S.; Graf, Alexandra B; Green, David C; Hajirasouliha, Iman; Hernandez, Mark; Iraola, Gregorio; Jang, Soojin; Kahles, Andre; Kelly, Frank J; Knights, Kaymisha; Kyrpides, Nikos C; Łabaj, Paweł P; Lee, Patrick K H; Leung, Marcus H Y; Ljungdahl, Per; Mason-Buck, Gabriella; McGrath, Ken; Meydan, Cem; Mongodin, Emmanuel F; Moraes, Milton Ozorio; Nagarajan, Niranjan; Nieto-Caballero, Marina; Noushmehr, Houtan; Oliveira, Manuela; Ossowski, Stephan; Osuolale, Olayinka O; Özcan, Orhan; Paez-Espino, David; Rascovan, Nicolas; Richard, Hugues; Rätsch, Gunnar; Schriml, Lynn M; Semmler, Torsten; Sezerman, Osman U; Shi, Leming; Shi, Tieliu; Song, Le Huu; Suzuki, Haruo; Tighe, Scott W; Tong, Xinzhao; Udekwu, Klas I; Ugalde, Juan A; Valentine, Brandon; Vassilev, Dimitar I; Vayndorf, Elena; Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P; Wu, Jun; Zambrano, María M; Zhu, Jifeng; Zhu, Sibo; Mason, Christopher E title: Global Genetic Cartography of Urban Metagenomes and Anti-Microbial Resistance date: 2020-05-04 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/724526 sha: doc_id: 102613 cord_uid: hly07ne3 file: cache/cord-018762-xv8gtwzt.json key: cord-018762-xv8gtwzt authors: Abdalla, Rifaat; Tao, C. Vincent; Li, Jonathan title: Challenges for the Application of GIS Interoperability in Emergency Management date: 2007 journal: Geomatics Solutions for Disaster Management DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-72108-6_25 sha: doc_id: 18762 cord_uid: xv8gtwzt file: cache/cord-021673-vs4famsa.json key: cord-021673-vs4famsa authors: Foley, M.; McPherson, G.; McGillivray, D. title: Establishing Singapore as the Events and Entertainment Capital of Asia: Strategic Brand Diversification date: 2009-11-16 journal: International Perspectives of Festivals and Events DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-045100-8.00004-1 sha: doc_id: 21673 cord_uid: vs4famsa file: cache/cord-018316-drjfwcdg.json key: cord-018316-drjfwcdg authors: Shephard, Roy J. title: Building the Infrastructure and Regulations Needed for Public Health and Fitness date: 2017-09-19 journal: A History of Health & Fitness: Implications for Policy Today DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-65097-5_22 sha: doc_id: 18316 cord_uid: drjfwcdg file: cache/cord-275814-seirbkiq.json key: cord-275814-seirbkiq authors: Tuncer, Necibe; Le, Trang title: Effect of air travel on the spread of an avian influenza pandemic to the United States date: 2014-03-31 journal: International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcip.2014.02.001 sha: doc_id: 275814 cord_uid: seirbkiq file: cache/cord-026416-h0w5jsyd.json key: cord-026416-h0w5jsyd authors: Cheshmehzangi, Ali title: Introduction: The City During Outbreak Events date: 2020-06-09 journal: The City in Need DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-5487-2_1 sha: doc_id: 26416 cord_uid: h0w5jsyd file: cache/cord-272412-vhznzg1x.json key: cord-272412-vhznzg1x authors: Kimari, Wangui title: Outlaw Nairobi versus The Pandemics date: 2020-06-03 journal: City Soc (Wash) DOI: 10.1111/ciso.12305 sha: doc_id: 272412 cord_uid: vhznzg1x file: cache/cord-261420-8wavi5tk.json key: cord-261420-8wavi5tk authors: Nazarimehr, Fahimeh; Pham, Viet-Thanh; Kapitaniak, Tomasz title: Prediction of bifurcations by varying critical parameters of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 journal: Nonlinear Dyn DOI: 10.1007/s11071-020-05749-6 sha: doc_id: 261420 cord_uid: 8wavi5tk file: cache/cord-033713-jg79u8qc.json key: cord-033713-jg79u8qc authors: DeGarmo, Mark B. title: Activating Embodied Imagination During COVID-19: A Performative Reflexive Autoethnography date: 2020-10-13 journal: Qual Inq DOI: 10.1177/1077800420962474 sha: doc_id: 33713 cord_uid: jg79u8qc file: cache/cord-298003-6yvcl92q.json key: cord-298003-6yvcl92q authors: Lawrence, Roderick J. title: Responding to COVID-19: What’s the Problem? date: 2020-06-05 journal: J Urban Health DOI: 10.1007/s11524-020-00456-4 sha: doc_id: 298003 cord_uid: 6yvcl92q file: cache/cord-287304-h6wj7m8u.json key: cord-287304-h6wj7m8u authors: Keil, Roger; Ali, Harris title: Governing the Sick City: Urban Governance in the Age of Emerging Infectious Disease date: 2007-12-07 journal: Antipode DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2007.00555.x sha: doc_id: 287304 cord_uid: h6wj7m8u file: cache/cord-136729-dr0dxm82.json key: cord-136729-dr0dxm82 authors: Wu, Ziqiang; Liao, Hao; Vidmer, Alexandre; Zhou, Mingyang; Chen, Wei title: COVID-19 Plateau: A Phenomenon of Epidemic Development under Adaptive Prevention Strategies date: 2020-11-06 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 136729 cord_uid: dr0dxm82 file: cache/cord-262832-5iejckwx.json key: cord-262832-5iejckwx authors: Yen, Muh-Yong; Wu, Tsung-Shu Joseph; Chiu, Allen Wen-Hsiang; Wong, Wing-Wai; Wang, Po-En; Chan, Ta-Chien; King, Chwan-Chuen title: Taipei's Use of a Multi-Channel Mass Risk Communication Program to Rapidly Reverse an Epidemic of Highly Communicable Disease date: 2009-11-23 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007962 sha: doc_id: 262832 cord_uid: 5iejckwx file: cache/cord-026334-n8ek9fw3.json key: cord-026334-n8ek9fw3 authors: Shah, Pooja; Patel, Chetan R. title: Prevention is Better than Cure: An Application of Big Data and Geospatial Technology in Mitigating Pandemic date: 2020-06-06 journal: Trans Indian Natl DOI: 10.1007/s41403-020-00120-y sha: doc_id: 26334 cord_uid: n8ek9fw3 file: cache/cord-266363-x9872ykd.json key: cord-266363-x9872ykd authors: van der Hoeven, Arno; Hitters, Erik title: The spatial value of live music: Performing, (re)developing and narrating urban spaces date: 2020-10-17 journal: Geoforum DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.09.016 sha: doc_id: 266363 cord_uid: x9872ykd file: cache/cord-315613-javtkg5m.json key: cord-315613-javtkg5m authors: Calderón-Garcidueñas, Lilian; Torres-Solorio, Ana Karen; Kulesza, Randy J.; Torres-Jardón, Ricardo; González-González, Luis Oscar; García-Arreola, Berenice; Chávez-Franco, Diana A.; Luévano-Castro, Samuel C.; Hernández-Castillo, Ariatna; Carlos-Hernández, Esperanza; Solorio-López, Edelmira; Crespo-Cortés, Celia Nohemí title: Gait and balance disturbances are common in young urbanites and associated with cognitive impairment. Air pollution and the historical development of Alzheimer’s disease in the young date: 2020-09-02 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110087 sha: doc_id: 315613 cord_uid: javtkg5m file: cache/cord-138886-8zwjdlrt.json key: cord-138886-8zwjdlrt authors: Xu, Yanyan; Olmos, Luis E.; Abbar, Sofiane; Gonzalez, Marta C. title: Deconstructing laws of accessibility and facility distribution in cities date: 2020-07-17 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 138886 cord_uid: 8zwjdlrt file: cache/cord-020617-w36yri4g.json key: cord-020617-w36yri4g authors: Kubo, Tomoko title: Divided Tokyo: Housing Policy, the Ideology of Homeownership, and the Growing Contrast Between the City Center and the Suburbs date: 2020-03-09 journal: Divided Tokyo DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4202-2_2 sha: doc_id: 20617 cord_uid: w36yri4g file: cache/cord-318301-gd43bacv.json key: cord-318301-gd43bacv authors: Paul, Arpan; Sen, Joy title: A critical review of liveability approaches and their dimensions date: 2020-10-02 journal: Geoforum DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.09.008 sha: doc_id: 318301 cord_uid: gd43bacv file: cache/cord-305629-utjng3dq.json key: cord-305629-utjng3dq authors: Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy; Pérez-Guevara, Fermín; Roy, Priyadarsi D.; Elizalde-Martínez, I.; Shruti, V.C. title: Impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on air quality and its association with human mortality trends in megapolis Mexico City date: 2020-10-28 journal: Air Qual Atmos Health DOI: 10.1007/s11869-020-00960-1 sha: doc_id: 305629 cord_uid: utjng3dq file: cache/cord-300212-3ljvw0vm.json key: cord-300212-3ljvw0vm authors: Włodarczyk-Marciniak, Renata; Sikorska, Daria; Krauze, Kinga title: Residents’ awareness of the role of informal green spaces in a post-industrial city, with a focus on regulating services and urban adaptation potential date: 2020-05-08 journal: Sustain Cities Soc DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102236 sha: doc_id: 300212 cord_uid: 3ljvw0vm file: cache/cord-349526-0fav1esn.json key: cord-349526-0fav1esn authors: Chang, ChaoYi; Cao, ChunXiang; Wang, Qiao; Chen, Yu; Cao, ZhiDong; Zhang, Hao; Dong, Lei; Zhao, Jian; Xu, Min; Gao, MengXu; Zhong, ShaoBo; He, QiSheng; Wang, JinFeng; Li, XiaoWen title: The novel H1N1 Influenza A global airline transmission and early warning without travel containments date: 2010-09-24 journal: Chin Sci Bull DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-3180-x sha: doc_id: 349526 cord_uid: 0fav1esn file: cache/cord-265628-47dvjaa9.json key: cord-265628-47dvjaa9 authors: nan title: Administrative boundaries and urban areas in Italy: A perspective from scaling laws date: 2020-08-13 journal: Landsc Urban Plan DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103906 sha: doc_id: 265628 cord_uid: 47dvjaa9 file: cache/cord-315343-ywgoqlxj.json key: cord-315343-ywgoqlxj authors: Ribeiro, Haroldo V.; Sunahara, Andre S.; Sutton, Jack; Perc, Matjaž; Hanley, Quentin S. title: City size and the spreading of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-09-23 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239699 sha: doc_id: 315343 cord_uid: ywgoqlxj file: cache/cord-326519-1r3jdffu.json key: cord-326519-1r3jdffu authors: Orlova, Galina; Morris, Jeremy title: City Archipelago: Mapping (post)lockdown Moscow through its heterogeneities date: 2020-07-11 journal: City Soc (Wash) DOI: 10.1111/ciso.12331 sha: doc_id: 326519 cord_uid: 1r3jdffu file: cache/cord-348791-5d23x86j.json key: cord-348791-5d23x86j authors: Nijman, Jan; Wei, Yehua Dennis title: Urban inequalities in the 21st century economy date: 2020-04-02 journal: Appl Geogr DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102188 sha: doc_id: 348791 cord_uid: 5d23x86j file: cache/cord-353718-8a5pq57e.json key: cord-353718-8a5pq57e authors: Freitas, Ângela; Rodrigues, Teresa C.; Santana, Paula title: Assessing Urban Health Inequities through a Multidimensional and Participatory Framework: Evidence from the EURO-HEALTHY Project date: 2020-08-28 journal: J Urban Health DOI: 10.1007/s11524-020-00471-5 sha: doc_id: 353718 cord_uid: 8a5pq57e file: cache/cord-330511-aiq6ejcq.json key: cord-330511-aiq6ejcq authors: Acuna-Zegarra, Manuel Adrian; Comas-Garcia, Andreu; Hernandez-Vargas, Esteban; Santana-Cibrian, Mario; Velasco-Hernandez, Jorge X. title: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic outbreak: a review of plausible scenarios of containment and mitigation for Mexico date: 2020-03-31 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.28.20046276 sha: doc_id: 330511 cord_uid: aiq6ejcq file: cache/cord-314443-qeuvymu8.json key: cord-314443-qeuvymu8 authors: Banai, Reza title: Pandemic and the planning of resilient cities and regions date: 2020-09-15 journal: Cities DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102929 sha: doc_id: 314443 cord_uid: qeuvymu8 file: cache/cord-349238-qfvm883x.json key: cord-349238-qfvm883x authors: Maponga, Brian A; Chirundu, Daniel; Gombe, Notion T; Tshimanga, Mufuta; Shambira, Gerald; Takundwa, Lucia title: Risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, 2011: a case control study date: 2013-12-02 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-567 sha: doc_id: 349238 cord_uid: qfvm883x file: cache/cord-219520-by3gxrd8.json key: cord-219520-by3gxrd8 authors: Pang, Junjie; Li, Jianbo; Xie, Zhenzhen; Huang, Yan; Cai, Zhipeng title: Collaborative City Digital Twin For Covid-19 Pandemic: A Federated Learning Solution date: 2020-11-05 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 219520 cord_uid: by3gxrd8 file: cache/cord-336993-2plgjn2d.json key: cord-336993-2plgjn2d authors: Boulton, Chris; Dedekorkut-Howes, Aysin; Holden, Meg; Byrne, Jason title: Under pressure: Factors shaping urban greenspace provision in a mid-sized city date: 2020-07-04 journal: Cities DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102816 sha: doc_id: 336993 cord_uid: 2plgjn2d file: cache/cord-353277-vd0etd38.json key: cord-353277-vd0etd38 authors: Tucker, Jennifer L.; Anantharaman, Manisha title: Informal Work and Sustainable Cities: From Formalization to Reparation date: 2020-09-18 journal: One Earth DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.08.012 sha: doc_id: 353277 cord_uid: vd0etd38 file: cache/cord-317465-ucwuptgg.json key: cord-317465-ucwuptgg authors: FANG, H.; WANG, L.; YANG, Y. title: Human Mobility Restrictions and the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China date: 2020-03-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042424 sha: doc_id: 317465 cord_uid: ucwuptgg file: cache/cord-272526-2fgtjouu.json key: cord-272526-2fgtjouu authors: Hutton, Thomas A title: Service industries, globalization, and urban restructuring within the Asia-Pacific: new development trajectories and planning responses date: 2003-05-30 journal: Prog Plann DOI: 10.1016/s0305-9006(03)00013-8 sha: doc_id: 272526 cord_uid: 2fgtjouu file: cache/cord-348435-z1c16thl.json key: cord-348435-z1c16thl authors: Jiricka-Pürrer, Alexandra; Brandenburg, Christiane; Pröbstl-Haider, Ulrike title: City tourism pre- and post-covid-19 pandemic – Messages to take home for climate change adaptation and mitigation? date: 2020-09-30 journal: Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2020.100329 sha: doc_id: 348435 cord_uid: z1c16thl file: cache/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.json key: cord-002774-tpqsjjet authors: nan title: Section II: Poster Sessions date: 2017-12-01 journal: J Urban Health DOI: 10.1093/jurban/jti137 sha: doc_id: 2774 cord_uid: tpqsjjet file: cache/cord-301053-3fw0hrbl.json key: cord-301053-3fw0hrbl authors: Silva, P. J. S.; Pereira, T.; Nonato, L. G. title: Robot dance: a city-wise automatic control of Covid-19 mitigation levels date: 2020-05-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.11.20098541 sha: doc_id: 301053 cord_uid: 3fw0hrbl Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-city-cord === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 80876 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 80480 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 81909 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 80508 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82751 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 80376 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82333 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82913 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82284 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 83107 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 83789 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 80103 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 81465 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82432 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82948 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 83852 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82048 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 81319 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 83981 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 84498 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 84035 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 83654 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 84073 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 84008 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 84191 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005189-z92vwovw author: Saier, Milton H. title: Are Megacities Sustainable? date: 2006-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005189-z92vwovw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005189-z92vwovw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-005189-z92vwovw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298003-6yvcl92q author: Lawrence, Roderick J. title: Responding to COVID-19: What’s the Problem? date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298003-6yvcl92q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298003-6yvcl92q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298003-6yvcl92q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261420-8wavi5tk author: Nazarimehr, Fahimeh title: Prediction of bifurcations by varying critical parameters of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261420-8wavi5tk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261420-8wavi5tk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261420-8wavi5tk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033713-jg79u8qc author: DeGarmo, Mark B. title: Activating Embodied Imagination During COVID-19: A Performative Reflexive Autoethnography date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033713-jg79u8qc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033713-jg79u8qc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033713-jg79u8qc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017790-5iwgebvp author: Siegel, Frederic R. title: Disease Protection in Sea Coast (and Inland) Cities: Problems in Dense Populations with Shantytowns/Slums date: 2019-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017790-5iwgebvp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017790-5iwgebvp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-017790-5iwgebvp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000317-pixbry0c author: Eggo, Rosalind M. title: Spatial dynamics of the 1918 influenza pandemic in England, Wales and the United States date: 2011-02-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000317-pixbry0c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000317-pixbry0c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-000317-pixbry0c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262832-5iejckwx author: Yen, Muh-Yong title: Taipei's Use of a Multi-Channel Mass Risk Communication Program to Rapidly Reverse an Epidemic of Highly Communicable Disease date: 2009-11-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262832-5iejckwx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262832-5iejckwx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262832-5iejckwx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349238-qfvm883x author: Maponga, Brian A title: Risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, 2011: a case control study date: 2013-12-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349238-qfvm883x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349238-qfvm883x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349238-qfvm883x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275814-seirbkiq author: Tuncer, Necibe title: Effect of air travel on the spread of an avian influenza pandemic to the United States date: 2014-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275814-seirbkiq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275814-seirbkiq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275814-seirbkiq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026416-h0w5jsyd author: Cheshmehzangi, Ali title: Introduction: The City During Outbreak Events date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026416-h0w5jsyd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026416-h0w5jsyd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-026416-h0w5jsyd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-102613-hly07ne3 author: Danko, David title: Global Genetic Cartography of Urban Metagenomes and Anti-Microbial Resistance date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-102613-hly07ne3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-102613-hly07ne3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-102613-hly07ne3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301053-3fw0hrbl author: Silva, P. J. S. title: Robot dance: a city-wise automatic control of Covid-19 mitigation levels date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301053-3fw0hrbl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301053-3fw0hrbl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301053-3fw0hrbl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348791-5d23x86j author: Nijman, Jan title: Urban inequalities in the 21st century economy date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348791-5d23x86j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348791-5d23x86j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348791-5d23x86j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353277-vd0etd38 author: Tucker, Jennifer L. title: Informal Work and Sustainable Cities: From Formalization to Reparation date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353277-vd0etd38.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353277-vd0etd38.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-353277-vd0etd38.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265628-47dvjaa9 author: nan title: Administrative boundaries and urban areas in Italy: A perspective from scaling laws date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265628-47dvjaa9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265628-47dvjaa9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265628-47dvjaa9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272526-2fgtjouu author: Hutton, Thomas A title: Service industries, globalization, and urban restructuring within the Asia-Pacific: new development trajectories and planning responses date: 2003-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272526-2fgtjouu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272526-2fgtjouu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-272526-2fgtjouu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet author: nan title: Section II: Poster Sessions date: 2017-12-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-city-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017790-5iwgebvp author = Siegel, Frederic R. title = Disease Protection in Sea Coast (and Inland) Cities: Problems in Dense Populations with Shantytowns/Slums date = 2019-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6263 sentences = 264 flesch = 51 summary = Important factors that have to be considered by public health personnel in sea coast cities in order to be prepared to deal with disease include a location's latitude and elevation as they influence climate (temperature and humidity). Here, the path is toxic metal from rock to soil to agricultural products or drinking/cooking water that can do the same harm to the human body as noted in the previous paragraph by bioaccumulation in and damage to vital organs and also cause medical symptoms and the onset of a NCD. The release of heavy metals from industrialization, utility sources, and vehicles into a city environment and associated ecosystems on land and in the oceans can be an inherited legacy or existing danger to public health through bad air and contaminated water, soils, and foods. How sea coast cities (and inner ones) and national governments have adapted to mitigate toxic metal pollution is reflected in the health status of their populations. cache = ./cache/cord-017790-5iwgebvp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017790-5iwgebvp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000317-pixbry0c author = Eggo, Rosalind M. title = Spatial dynamics of the 1918 influenza pandemic in England, Wales and the United States date = 2011-02-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6381 sentences = 324 flesch = 52 summary = To better characterize the spread of the 1918 major wave, we fitted a range of city-to-city transmission models to mortality data collected for 246 population centres in England and Wales and 47 cities in the US. Using a gravity model for city-to-city contacts, we explored the effect of population size and distance on the spread of disease and tested assumptions regarding density dependence in connectivity between cities. We employed Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to estimate parameters of the model for population, infectivity, distance and density dependence. For England and Wales, a model that estimated the degree of density dependence in connectivity between cities was preferable by deviance information criterion comparison. The low kernel power parameter estimates we have found in both England and Wales and the US suggests that long-distance interactions were important in spreading influenza between distant cities in both countries. cache = ./cache/cord-000317-pixbry0c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000317-pixbry0c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005189-z92vwovw author = Saier, Milton H. title = Are Megacities Sustainable? date = 2006-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1850 sentences = 111 flesch = 58 summary = Increasing numbers of people are moving to cities, causing urban populations to expand. Moreover, the primary product produced by a particular urban population may result from the presence of a single company, and its presence in that city reflects the decisions of just a few executives. This tremendous rise results both from astronomical global birth over death rates and from the migration of rural populations to the cities. Moreover, about 1% of the world_s rural population moves from the country to the cities every two years. The sudden loss of a city_s infrastructure due to a natural or man-created disaster would be expected to promote human suffering of a magnitude that far surpasses anything that could have occurred in the past with a less centralized population living in a rural setting. Past examples of urban disasters abound: The great San Francisco earthquake and fire of 1906 caused thousands of deaths and tremendous loss of property. cache = ./cache/cord-005189-z92vwovw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005189-z92vwovw.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-102613-hly07ne3 author = Danko, David title = Global Genetic Cartography of Urban Metagenomes and Anti-Microbial Resistance date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6548 sentences = 360 flesch = 55 summary = We identified covariates which influenced the taxonomic composition 204 of our samples: city, population density, average temperature in June, region, elevation above sea-level, 205 surface type, surface material, elevation above or below ground and proximity to the coast. To quantify how the principle covariates, climate, continent, and surface material impacted the taxo-213 nomic composition of samples, we performed a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on our taxonomic 214 data normalized by proportion and identified principal components (PCs) which were strongly associated 215 with a metadata covariate in a positive or negative direction (PCs were centered so an average direction 216 indicates an association). In general, negative controls had 798 lower k-mer complexity, fewer reads, and lower post PCR Qubit scores than case samples and no major Previous studies have reported that microbial species whose relative abundance is negatively cor-803 related with DNA concentration may be contaminants. cache = ./cache/cord-102613-hly07ne3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-102613-hly07ne3.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275814-seirbkiq author = Tuncer, Necibe title = Effect of air travel on the spread of an avian influenza pandemic to the United States date = 2014-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6687 sentences = 433 flesch = 61 summary = A two-city mathematical model involving a pandemic strain is used to derive the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ), which determines if the disease will spread and persist ( R 0 > 1 ) or go extinct ( R 0 < 1 ). Real air travel data is used to model the disease spread by individuals who are susceptible to or are infected with pandemic avian influenza. Real air travel data is used to model the disease spread by individuals who are susceptible to or are infected with pandemic avian influenza. We only consider the air travel of susceptible and infected humans with pandemic avian influenza because the infected individuals can only contract the disease from domestic birds (that do not travel). HPAI and pandemic avian influenza both become extinct in the bird and human populations when all the reproduction numbers are less than one. cache = ./cache/cord-275814-seirbkiq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275814-seirbkiq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261420-8wavi5tk author = Nazarimehr, Fahimeh title = Prediction of bifurcations by varying critical parameters of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2490 sentences = 170 flesch = 56 summary = Some critical parameters, such as the background of mortality without considering the disease state and the speed of moving people from infected to resistance, affect the conditions of society. Also, the interaction of five cities is studied with various connections and parameters to show the effect of traveling in the outbreak of the disease. Part (a) of Fig. 2 shows the bifurcations of Model (1) by changing the parameter of the background of mortality without considering the disease state. In the first step of this study, various bifurcations of the model by changing some critical parameters such as the background of mortality without considering the disease state and the speed of moving people from Fig. 9 Variations of state variables of five cities with different parameters for cities and coupling strength k ¼ 0:2; The population of the susceptible and resistant group in the cities cannot be synchronized, and they are different in all the times. cache = ./cache/cord-261420-8wavi5tk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261420-8wavi5tk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026416-h0w5jsyd author = Cheshmehzangi, Ali title = Introduction: The City During Outbreak Events date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6133 sentences = 315 flesch = 53 summary = Throughout the whole process of an outbreak, we need to have careful measures for urban resilience; and these should be holistic and inclusive to better contain people, health, infrastructure, and management of the situation. This category is the focus of this book, through which we try to address resilience and management measures to overcome the urban challenges and diverse disruptions of disease outbreak events. In each event, the city resilience and management measures and methods are not the same, but they are generally similar in terms of how we should respond to the impacts and vulnerabilities caused by the situation. In this regard, an epidemic situation is defined as the further expansion of the outbreak event, normally including a larger number of cities and communities, beyond just a particular contained region. The next few chapters of the book focus purely on key factors of urban resilience and city management to address their practicalities in a probable case of an outbreak event. cache = ./cache/cord-026416-h0w5jsyd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026416-h0w5jsyd.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033713-jg79u8qc author = DeGarmo, Mark B. title = Activating Embodied Imagination During COVID-19: A Performative Reflexive Autoethnography date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2516 sentences = 140 flesch = 42 summary = Through the process of participating in the "massive and microscopic sensemaking" challenge posed by Markham and Harris (2020) via my performative reflexive autoethnography, I have learned that embodied imagination's implied cycling action always begins again in life. My bricolage armature during COVID-19 included throwing open my New York City apartment's windows, as my mother always did mid-winter, March 13-17 while trying to mobilize in exodus to my country home 2 hr north; looping the same hike on my road; repeating words and phrases; and swimming to "bypass cognitive" domination and logocentric decision making (Cedillos, 2012 The complexity that the embodied bricoleur acknowledges and encounters through rigor includes the otherwise invisible yet embedded crystalline structures that refract and reflect the multiple dimensions and levels of the bricoleur's past experiences, emotions, trainings, explorations, injuries, pleasures, and physiological challenges. cache = ./cache/cord-033713-jg79u8qc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033713-jg79u8qc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298003-6yvcl92q author = Lawrence, Roderick J. title = Responding to COVID-19: What’s the Problem? date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2368 sentences = 90 flesch = 32 summary = In addition to knowledge and know-how acquired from biological, ecological, health, medical and veterinary sciences, this pandemic confirms the crucial function and contribution of access to many types of resources when they are needed; in particular, sufficient stocks of medical equipment; hospital wards with specialised infrastructure; replenished supplies of pharmaceutical products; adequate numbers of trained and qualified medical doctors, nursing staff and auxiliary personnel in hospitals, medical centres and nursing homes for elderly persons and coordinated uses of all these resources when the virus is first diagnosed in specific localities. Ironically, many advocates of laissez-faire and neo-liberal economics now expect governments to intervene to support private enterprises that are financially fragile or bankrupt, Fig. 1 1 Effective responses to the complexity, emergence and uncertainty of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the compound nature of health, economic and social impacts of COVID-19 require understanding and implementing the virtuous relations between disciplinary knowledge and professional know-how, several types of resources, coordinated multi-level governance, and individual and collective behaviours that should be combined in transdisciplinary contributions. cache = ./cache/cord-298003-6yvcl92q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298003-6yvcl92q.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262832-5iejckwx author = Yen, Muh-Yong title = Taipei's Use of a Multi-Channel Mass Risk Communication Program to Rapidly Reverse an Epidemic of Highly Communicable Disease date = 2009-11-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5998 sentences = 285 flesch = 51 summary = In launching countermeasures to bring the AHC outbreak under control, the Taipei Department of Health was also able to test its system and fine-tune its public health response for future EIDs. To evaluate the effectiveness of these intervention measures, daily surveillance was conducted to analyze the incidence rate and temporal-spatial distribution of new AHC cases. This risk communication program focused on communicating directly to the public through three routes: (1) schools delivered a Taipei Department of Health letter signed by the mayor (that detailed AHC information and prevention methods) for students to take home to their parents, (2) the mayor held a press conference to discuss the epidemic and offer guidance to citizens for preventing the spread of the disease, and (3) over 2.2 million short message services (SMS) messages, a communication tool for exchanging short text messages between mobile telephonic devices, were delivered to all Taipei mobile phone numbers. cache = ./cache/cord-262832-5iejckwx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262832-5iejckwx.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265628-47dvjaa9 author = nan title = Administrative boundaries and urban areas in Italy: A perspective from scaling laws date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10851 sentences = 535 flesch = 49 summary = Relying on open data for population, settlements and road networks, we showed the extent to which scaling relations hold for different boundaries for urban areas, and how they compare to each other. Area-population data for administrative boundaries can be reconciled with scaling relations valid for both the world's cities data and with those obtained from natural cities, provided an effective area is adopted in place of polygon planimetric area of municipalities. Starting from the highest ranking, one can select all of the adjacent (surrounding) municipalities and try and find a candidate polygon to be merged with the central one, based on two requirements: (i) the aggregate areas and populations of the candidate mergers have a representative point in the (P A , ) plane which is closer to the scaling law than both the starting points, and (ii) the two candidates for the merger are connected by an urban area, as obtained by the method natural cities. cache = ./cache/cord-265628-47dvjaa9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265628-47dvjaa9.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348791-5d23x86j author = Nijman, Jan title = Urban inequalities in the 21st century economy date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8501 sentences = 402 flesch = 41 summary = At the same time, urban studies scholars and geographers have long attended to questions of inequality (e.g., Harvey, 1973) and have done so at a finer spatial scale, as expressed in studies of residential segregation and neighborhood development (see Galster & Sharkey, 2017; Hamnett, 2019) . Among the geographic foci of the resulting set of nine papers are cities in the United States, China, Europe, and South America; they combine analyses of inequalities at regional/inter-urban and intra-urban scales; and they cover a range of inequality dimensions including questions of residential segregation, commuting, food access, health, housing disparities, job access, economic vitality, and demography. Foreign direct investment (FDI) tends to prefer cities with well developed infrastructure, covenient access to political power, substantial integration with the global economy, and advanced social-economic conditions, which result in an increase of urban primacy and spatial polarization (Huang & Wei, 2011) . cache = ./cache/cord-348791-5d23x86j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348791-5d23x86j.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349238-qfvm883x author = Maponga, Brian A title = Risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, 2011: a case control study date = 2013-12-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3455 sentences = 234 flesch = 62 summary = title: Risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, 2011: a case control study We conducted a case controlstudy to determine risk factorsfor contracting watery diarrhoea in children less than 5 years in Kadoma City. METHODS: An unmatched 1:1 case control study was conducted in Ngezi and Rimuka townships in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe. Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity in the world, and mostly results from contaminated food and water sources.In developing countries, children below 3 years experience on average 3 episodes of diarrhoea every year. A case was defined as a child less than five years old who presented to a health facility with acute watery diarrhoea, with or without vomiting and other symptoms, between 5 th September and 1 st October 2011, who had been resident in Kadoma City for one week prior to onset of symptoms. This study sought to establish risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea among children less than five years old in Kadoma City. cache = ./cache/cord-349238-qfvm883x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349238-qfvm883x.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353277-vd0etd38 author = Tucker, Jennifer L. title = Informal Work and Sustainable Cities: From Formalization to Reparation date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8422 sentences = 547 flesch = 40 summary = Too often, policy elites, including those promoting sustainable cities, overlook this value, proposing formalization and relying on deficit-based framings of informal work. Building on our research in India and Paraguay, amplifying critical informality scholarship and centering the knowledge produced by workers' organizations, we assert that by thinking historically, relationally, and spatially, and redistributing power and resources to workers, we can move beyond formalization to a frame that centers decent work, ecological health, and reparation for uneven legacies of harm. 40 Informal work produces economic, social, and environmental value that sustains lives and urban environments. Thinking historically, relationally, and spatially reveals how the value produced by informal workers subsidize urban economies and ecologies, even as racial capitalism predictably reproduces job scarcity, income inequality, and poverty, the very conditions that impel many to informal work. cache = ./cache/cord-353277-vd0etd38.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353277-vd0etd38.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272526-2fgtjouu author = Hutton, Thomas A title = Service industries, globalization, and urban restructuring within the Asia-Pacific: new development trajectories and planning responses date = 2003-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 30174 sentences = 892 flesch = 21 summary = 5 5 In general scholarly attention to the growth and development of service activities has evolved as follows: (a) an early interest in the growth of high-rise offices in the CBDs of the largest metropolitan cities, including important theoretical and conceptual contributions (Gottmann, 1961) , (b) a stream of empirical studies of office location, emphasizing regional policy implications and urban planning problems (Daniels, 1975; Goddard, 1975) , (c) growing interest in the social ramifications of services growth (Bell, 1973) , (d) a sharper analytical focus on business, 'producer' and other intermediate services, and their role in urban and regional development (Noyelle and Stanback, 1984) , and in the operation of 'flexible' industrial regimes, (e) assessments of the global dimensions of services development, especially in banking and finance, as well as in producer services and communications (Daniels, 1993 ), (f) acknowledgement of the importance of specialized services in the emergence of the 'informational city' and urban society (Castells, 1989) , and (g) explorations of the intersections between tertiarization, occupational shifts, urban class (re)formation, and community-level impacts, especially in the metropolitan core (Ley, 1996) . cache = ./cache/cord-272526-2fgtjouu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272526-2fgtjouu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002774-tpqsjjet author = nan title = Section II: Poster Sessions date = 2017-12-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 83515 sentences = 5162 flesch = 54 summary = Results: The CHIP Framework The CHIP framework aims to improve the health and wellness of the urban communities served by St. Josephs Health Centre through four intersecting pillars: • Raising Community Voices provides an infrastructure and process that supports community stakeholder input into health care service planning, decision-making, and delivery by the hospital and across the continuum of care; • Sharing Reciprocal Capacity promotes healthy communities through the sharing of our intellectual and physical capacity with our community partners; • Cultivating Integration Initiatives facilitates vertical, horizontal, and intersectoral integration initiatives in support of community-identified needs and gaps; and • Facilitating Healthy Exchange develops best practices in community integration through community-based research, and facilitates community voice in informing public policy. cache = ./cache/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301053-3fw0hrbl author = Silva, P. J. S. title = Robot dance: a city-wise automatic control of Covid-19 mitigation levels date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5112 sentences = 342 flesch = 63 summary = Taking into account parameters associated to the population of each city and the mobility among them, the optimal control framework suggests the level and duration of protective measures that must be implemented to ensure that the number of infected individuals is within a range that avoids the collapse of the health care system. Compared against other mitigation measures that are implemented simultaneously and in equal strength across cities our method has three major particularities when: Accounts for city commute and health infrastructure: It takes into account the daily commute among cities to estimate the dynamics of infected people while keeping the number of infected people within a desired level at each city avoiding the collapse of its health care system. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.11.20098541 doi: medRxiv preprint night day Figure 1 : Daily dynamics of workers traveling to nearby cities. cache = ./cache/cord-301053-3fw0hrbl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301053-3fw0hrbl.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-349526-0fav1esn Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-017790-5iwgebvp cord-000317-pixbry0c cord-005189-z92vwovw cord-018762-xv8gtwzt cord-198395-v15queyh cord-102613-hly07ne3 cord-021673-vs4famsa cord-018316-drjfwcdg cord-275814-seirbkiq cord-272412-vhznzg1x cord-261420-8wavi5tk cord-033713-jg79u8qc cord-287304-h6wj7m8u cord-136729-dr0dxm82 cord-262832-5iejckwx cord-026416-h0w5jsyd cord-026334-n8ek9fw3 cord-298003-6yvcl92q cord-266363-x9872ykd cord-315613-javtkg5m cord-138886-8zwjdlrt cord-020617-w36yri4g cord-318301-gd43bacv cord-305629-utjng3dq cord-300212-3ljvw0vm cord-349526-0fav1esn cord-315343-ywgoqlxj cord-265628-47dvjaa9 cord-348791-5d23x86j cord-326519-1r3jdffu cord-353718-8a5pq57e cord-330511-aiq6ejcq cord-314443-qeuvymu8 cord-349238-qfvm883x cord-219520-by3gxrd8 cord-336993-2plgjn2d cord-353277-vd0etd38 cord-317465-ucwuptgg cord-272526-2fgtjouu cord-348435-z1c16thl cord-002774-tpqsjjet cord-301053-3fw0hrbl Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-018316-drjfwcdg cord-033713-jg79u8qc cord-261420-8wavi5tk cord-287304-h6wj7m8u cord-315613-javtkg5m cord-349526-0fav1esn cord-305629-utjng3dq cord-348791-5d23x86j cord-330511-aiq6ejcq cord-317465-ucwuptgg cord-301053-3fw0hrbl Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-017790-5iwgebvp cord-000317-pixbry0c cord-005189-z92vwovw cord-198395-v15queyh cord-018762-xv8gtwzt cord-102613-hly07ne3 cord-021673-vs4famsa cord-018316-drjfwcdg cord-275814-seirbkiq cord-026416-h0w5jsyd cord-272412-vhznzg1x cord-033713-jg79u8qc cord-261420-8wavi5tk cord-287304-h6wj7m8u cord-262832-5iejckwx cord-136729-dr0dxm82 cord-298003-6yvcl92q cord-026334-n8ek9fw3 cord-266363-x9872ykd cord-315613-javtkg5m cord-138886-8zwjdlrt cord-020617-w36yri4g cord-300212-3ljvw0vm cord-318301-gd43bacv cord-305629-utjng3dq cord-349526-0fav1esn cord-265628-47dvjaa9 cord-348791-5d23x86j cord-315343-ywgoqlxj cord-326519-1r3jdffu cord-353718-8a5pq57e cord-330511-aiq6ejcq cord-314443-qeuvymu8 cord-349238-qfvm883x cord-219520-by3gxrd8 cord-336993-2plgjn2d cord-353277-vd0etd38 cord-301053-3fw0hrbl cord-317465-ucwuptgg cord-348435-z1c16thl cord-272526-2fgtjouu cord-002774-tpqsjjet Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-005189-z92vwovw cord-000317-pixbry0c cord-017790-5iwgebvp cord-102613-hly07ne3 cord-018762-xv8gtwzt cord-261420-8wavi5tk cord-298003-6yvcl92q cord-021673-vs4famsa cord-033713-jg79u8qc cord-198395-v15queyh cord-275814-seirbkiq cord-018316-drjfwcdg cord-026416-h0w5jsyd cord-262832-5iejckwx cord-272412-vhznzg1x cord-026334-n8ek9fw3 cord-318301-gd43bacv cord-136729-dr0dxm82 cord-315613-javtkg5m cord-138886-8zwjdlrt cord-305629-utjng3dq cord-349526-0fav1esn cord-326519-1r3jdffu cord-020617-w36yri4g cord-266363-x9872ykd cord-349238-qfvm883x cord-287304-h6wj7m8u cord-315343-ywgoqlxj cord-219520-by3gxrd8 cord-300212-3ljvw0vm cord-314443-qeuvymu8 cord-348791-5d23x86j cord-353718-8a5pq57e cord-301053-3fw0hrbl cord-265628-47dvjaa9 cord-353277-vd0etd38 cord-330511-aiq6ejcq cord-348435-z1c16thl cord-336993-2plgjn2d cord-317465-ucwuptgg cord-272526-2fgtjouu cord-002774-tpqsjjet Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-002774-tpqsjjet cord-272526-2fgtjouu cord-300212-3ljvw0vm cord-002774-tpqsjjet cord-287304-h6wj7m8u cord-018316-drjfwcdg number of items: 42 sum of words: 197,264 average size in words: 11,603 average readability score: 49 nouns: health; city; cities; population; data; services; development; number; study; model; time; people; service; cases; community; care; areas; disease; results; research; policy; case; pandemic; growth; analysis; level; control; epidemic; rate; outbreak; risk; music; information; use; area; air; housing; system; years; planning; women; measures; prevention; work; world; residents; change; factors; events; effects verbs: using; include; provided; based; shown; increasing; done; made; sharing; seen; identifying; considered; developed; found; gives; taking; following; reporting; related; reduces; associated; suggest; compared; become; estimated; support; lived; need; exist; defines; build; led; represents; improves; addressing; changed; requires; created; affect; worked; observed; indicate; examine; describes; help; focuses; obtained; understanding; promote; infected adjectives: urban; social; new; public; economic; local; different; high; many; spatial; global; important; large; cultural; human; first; low; major; regional; international; environmental; metropolitan; significant; national; higher; available; various; specific; effective; central; green; industrial; financial; poor; early; physical; non; multiple; informal; total; key; infectious; single; daily; current; residential; particular; recent; live; municipal adverbs: also; well; however; even; often; especially; now; significantly; first; highly; particularly; therefore; respectively; still; less; increasingly; much; just; rather; indeed; far; already; recently; together; generally; finally; moreover; almost; specifically; potentially; mainly; currently; directly; furthermore; effectively; yet; similarly; strongly; rapidly; usually; better; clearly; relatively; spatially; mostly; hence; later; always; frequently; eventually pronouns: we; it; their; our; they; its; i; them; us; my; he; itself; his; one; themselves; you; me; her; your; ourselves; she; s; oneself; u; myself; him; yourself; ya; mine; mg; j"'"1tllu; himself; herself; em; cl=; 6-what; -urban; -3.3411; --they; 's proper nouns: City; Health; Wuhan; Asia; Fig; Pacific; New; Singapore; Toronto; HIV; Tokyo; Urban; COVID-19; GIS; Mexico; SARS; China; Canada; United; York; S; Vancouver; Surrey; Hubei; AIDS; US; States; Taipei; Japan; C; January; Community; March; Europe; A; •; Kong; February; Hong; AHC; World; IGS; South; U.S.; Table; India; Development; England; April; America keywords: city; urban; covid-19; health; vancouver; mexico; toronto; public; new; york; tokyo; singapore; service; population; gis; event; disease; case; asia; Łódź; year; wuhan; worker; work; woman; wei; water; waste; wales; vienna; value; u.s.; tourism; taipei; são; surrey; supplementary; supp; study; space; social; share; shanghai; session; sars; sample; result; resilience; research; provision one topic; one dimension: city file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122453/ titles(s): Disease Protection in Sea Coast (and Inland) Cities: Problems in Dense Populations with Shantytowns/Slums three topics; one dimension: health; urban; city file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711696/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0305900603000138, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204619310448 titles(s): Section II: Poster Sessions | Service industries, globalization, and urban restructuring within the Asia-Pacific: new development trajectories and planning responses | Administrative boundaries and urban areas in Italy: A perspective from scaling laws five topics; three dimensions: health care community; city cities cases; urban city cities; urban city cities; city health data file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711696/, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042424, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33100368/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0305900603000138, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2213078020300530 titles(s): Section II: Poster Sessions | Human Mobility Restrictions and the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China | The spatial value of live music: Performing, (re)developing and narrating urban spaces | Service industries, globalization, and urban restructuring within the Asia-Pacific: new development trajectories and planning responses | City tourism pre- and post-covid-19 pandemic – Messages to take home for climate change adaptation and mitigation? Type: cord title: keyword-city-cord date: 2021-05-24 time: 22:32 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:city ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-018762-xv8gtwzt author: Abdalla, Rifaat title: Challenges for the Application of GIS Interoperability in Emergency Management date: 2007 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This paper highlights application challenges for GIS interoperability for emergency management with emphasis on critical infrastructure sectors. In the first part, this paper provides a comparative analysis of emergency management operations in the City of Vancouver; the City of Toronto, the Kitchener Waterloo Region, and the Dufferin County. A variety of qualitative research methods were employed for gathering information from key decision-makers involved with emergency management. The second part of this paper presents a scenario-based case study, which aims to provide a demonstration of the utility of GIS interoperability, for disaster management. This paper also discusses the strengths and weaknesses of leveraging GIS interoperability for disaster management. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123726/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-72108-6_25 id: cord-330511-aiq6ejcq author: Acuna-Zegarra, Manuel Adrian title: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic outbreak: a review of plausible scenarios of containment and mitigation for Mexico date: 2020-03-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: We present here several variants of a mathematical model to explore three main issues related to SARS-CoV-2 spread in scenarios similar to those present in Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America. We explore the consequences for travel inside a given region, in this case Mexico, particularly focusing on airplane transportation but attempting to give a gross approximation to terrestrial movement since this is the main form of population movement across geographical areas in the country; then we proceed to study the effect of behavioral changes required to lower transmission by lowering the contact rate and infection probability and lastly, we explore the consequences of disease spread in a population subject to social isolation.These models are not suitable for predictive purposes although some rough predictions can be extracted from them. They are presented as a tool that can serve to explore plausible scenarios of spread and impact, effectiveness and consequences of contention and mitigation policies. Given the early stage at which the epidemic is at the date of writing in Mexico, we hope these ideas can be helpful for the understanding of the importance of isolation, social distancing and screening of the general population. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.28.20046276 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.28.20046276 id: cord-314443-qeuvymu8 author: Banai, Reza title: Pandemic and the planning of resilient cities and regions date: 2020-09-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The emergence of the coronavirus pandemic motivated this paper, which revisits the nexus of public health and the city, itself a main source of a pandemic which similarly threatens the lives and properties of the world population gradually one glacier at a time: climate change. We argue that pandemics expose both the vulnerability and resilience of the urban system expansively, from rooftop to the region, but also serve as change agents for the planning of resilient cities and regions globally. The discussion of the urban system and the pandemic is comparative, with the recent coronavirus and climate change, a persistent, long-lasting pandemic. The historical and critical review and synthesis of the durable concepts of the urban system at the kernel of the theories and practices of urbanism is highlighted by place matters, cyberspace, density, access, and the city-region. We note the implications for reconfiguring the resilient urban system of the future effectively with pandemic as change agent and the comprehensive plan and its regulatory zoning ordinance as implementation tool. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275120312774 doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102929 id: cord-336993-2plgjn2d author: Boulton, Chris title: Under pressure: Factors shaping urban greenspace provision in a mid-sized city date: 2020-07-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Urban greenspaces provide diverse ecosystem functions, services and benefits to residents. Much commentary has been offered to date about citizens' demands for more urban greenspace. Less attention, however, has been given to the ‘supply side’ pressures experienced by local government in delivering urban greenspace, particularly in mid-sized cities. Greater attention to factors shaping supply is warranted, especially in the context of rapid population growth. By understanding how existing greenspace provision approaches can stymie the efforts of local government to meet citizens' needs, new approaches can be identified. This paper assesses several factors shaping urban greenspace provision in Surrey - a city within the Greater Vancouver area. Insights are derived from in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, public documents, and census and municipal data about parks and their context as a specific type of greenspace. Our findings suggest that governance tools, economy and property markets, and financial and natural resources manifest as core factors influencing urban greenspace provision in Surrey. A reliance on governance tools premised upon standards has created park provision paradoxes. Treating greenspace provision as a largely technocratic exercise may be limiting Surrey's ability to respond to changing politics, economics and population trends. We point to alternative approaches. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834327/ doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102816 id: cord-315613-javtkg5m author: Calderón-Garcidueñas, Lilian title: Gait and balance disturbances are common in young urbanites and associated with cognitive impairment. Air pollution and the historical development of Alzheimer’s disease in the young date: 2020-09-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: To determine whether gait and balance dysfunction are present in young urbanites exposed to fine particular matter PM(2.5) ≥ annual USEPA standard, we tested gait and balance with Tinetti and Berg tests in 575 clinically healthy subjects, age 21.0±5.7y who were residents in Metropolitan Mexico City, Villahermosa and Reynosa. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment was also applied to an independent cohort n:76, age 23.3± 9.1y. In the 575 cohort, 75.4% and 34.4% had abnormal total Tinetti and Berg scores and high risk of falls in 17.2% and 5.7% respectively. BMI impacted negatively Tinetti and Berg performance. Gait dysfunction worsen with age and males performed worse than females. Gait and balance dysfunction were associated with mild cognitive impairment MCI (19.73%) and dementia (55.26%) in 57/76 and 19 cognitively intact subjects had gait and balance dysfunction. Seventy-five percent of urbanites exposed to PM(2.5) had gait and balance dysfunction. For MMC residents-with historical documented Alzheimer disease (AD) and CSF abnormalities, these findings suggest Alzheimer Continuum is in progress. Early development of a Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome ought to be considered in city dwellers with normal cognition and gait dysfunction. The AD research frame in PM(2.5) exposed young urbanites should include gait and balance measurements. Multicity teens and young adult cohorts are warranted for quantitative gait and balance measurements and neuropsychological and brain imaging studies in high vs low PM(2.5) exposures. Early identification of gait and balance impairment in young air pollution-exposed urbanites would facilitate multidisciplinary prevention efforts for modifying the course of AD. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0013935120309841 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110087 id: cord-349526-0fav1esn author: Chang, ChaoYi title: The novel H1N1 Influenza A global airline transmission and early warning without travel containments date: 2010-09-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: A novel influenza A (H1N1) has been spreading worldwide. Early studies implied that international air travels might be key cause of a severe potential pandemic without appropriate containments. In this study, early outbreaks in Mexico and some cities of United States were used to estimate the preliminary epidemic parameters by applying adjusted SEIR epidemiological model, indicating transmissibility infectivity of the virus. According to the findings, a new spatial allocation model totally based on the real-time airline data was established to assess the potential spreading of H1N1 from Mexico to the world. Our estimates find the basic reproductive number R0 of H1N1 is around 3.4, and the effective reproductive number fall sharply by effective containment strategies. The finding also implies Spain, Canada, France, Panama, Peru are the most possible country to be involved in severe endemic H1N1 spreading. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32214734/ doi: 10.1007/s11434-010-3180-x id: cord-026416-h0w5jsyd author: Cheshmehzangi, Ali title: Introduction: The City During Outbreak Events date: 2020-06-09 words: 6133.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026416-h0w5jsyd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026416-h0w5jsyd.txt summary: Throughout the whole process of an outbreak, we need to have careful measures for urban resilience; and these should be holistic and inclusive to better contain people, health, infrastructure, and management of the situation. This category is the focus of this book, through which we try to address resilience and management measures to overcome the urban challenges and diverse disruptions of disease outbreak events. In each event, the city resilience and management measures and methods are not the same, but they are generally similar in terms of how we should respond to the impacts and vulnerabilities caused by the situation. In this regard, an epidemic situation is defined as the further expansion of the outbreak event, normally including a larger number of cities and communities, beyond just a particular contained region. The next few chapters of the book focus purely on key factors of urban resilience and city management to address their practicalities in a probable case of an outbreak event. abstract: As the largest quarantine in human history, the City of Wuhan, China, with more than 11 million people went under a complete lockdown situation on 23 Jan 2020. An unprecedented situation that lasted longer than ever imagined. This occurred solely due to the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (later renamed as “COVID-19”), just one day before the celebration of the Chinese New Year. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7278264/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-5487-2_1 id: cord-102613-hly07ne3 author: Danko, David title: Global Genetic Cartography of Urban Metagenomes and Anti-Microbial Resistance date: 2020-05-04 words: 6548.0 sentences: 360.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-102613-hly07ne3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-102613-hly07ne3.txt summary: We identified covariates which influenced the taxonomic composition 204 of our samples: city, population density, average temperature in June, region, elevation above sea-level, 205 surface type, surface material, elevation above or below ground and proximity to the coast. To quantify how the principle covariates, climate, continent, and surface material impacted the taxo-213 nomic composition of samples, we performed a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on our taxonomic 214 data normalized by proportion and identified principal components (PCs) which were strongly associated 215 with a metadata covariate in a positive or negative direction (PCs were centered so an average direction 216 indicates an association). In general, negative controls had 798 lower k-mer complexity, fewer reads, and lower post PCR Qubit scores than case samples and no major Previous studies have reported that microbial species whose relative abundance is negatively cor-803 related with DNA concentration may be contaminants. abstract: Although studies have shown that urban environments and mass-transit systems have distinct genetic profiles, there are no systematic worldwide studies of these dense, human microbial ecosystems. To address this gap in knowledge, we created a global metagenomic and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) atlas of urban mass transit systems from 60 cities, spanning 4,728 samples and 4,424 taxonomically-defined microorganisms collected for three years. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance markers, and novel genetic elements, including 10,928 novel predicted viral species, 1302 novel bacteria, and 2 novel archaea. Urban microbiomes often resemble human commensal microbiomes from the skin and airways, but also contain a consistent “core” of 31 species which are predominantly not human commensal species. Samples show distinct microbial signatures which may be used to accurately predict properties of their city of origin including population, proximity to the coast, and taxonomic profile. These data also show that AMR density across cities varies by several orders of magnitude, including many AMRs present on plasmids with cosmopolitan distributions. Together, these results constitute a high-resolution, global metagenomic atlas, which enables the discovery of new genetic components of the built human environment, highlights potential forensic applications, and provides an essential first draft of the global AMR burden of the world’s cities. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/724526 doi: 10.1101/724526 id: cord-033713-jg79u8qc author: DeGarmo, Mark B. title: Activating Embodied Imagination During COVID-19: A Performative Reflexive Autoethnography date: 2020-10-13 words: 2516.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033713-jg79u8qc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033713-jg79u8qc.txt summary: Through the process of participating in the "massive and microscopic sensemaking" challenge posed by Markham and Harris (2020) via my performative reflexive autoethnography, I have learned that embodied imagination''s implied cycling action always begins again in life. My bricolage armature during COVID-19 included throwing open my New York City apartment''s windows, as my mother always did mid-winter, March 13-17 while trying to mobilize in exodus to my country home 2 hr north; looping the same hike on my road; repeating words and phrases; and swimming to "bypass cognitive" domination and logocentric decision making (Cedillos, 2012 The complexity that the embodied bricoleur acknowledges and encounters through rigor includes the otherwise invisible yet embedded crystalline structures that refract and reflect the multiple dimensions and levels of the bricoleur''s past experiences, emotions, trainings, explorations, injuries, pleasures, and physiological challenges. abstract: Embodied imagination is a learning theory that reverses the accepted Western “think first, then act” learning sequence though movement improvisation followed by reflection and reflective methods across verbal and nonverbal, including embodied-kinesthetic, modalities. Healing the Cartesian divide might have positive effects on world cultures and people across socioeconomic strata, especially urgent during the COVID-19 pandemic as multiple disruptions to daily life have quickly increased uncertainty and stress, compromising health and well-being, especially of traditionally marginalized excluded People of Color. Expanding the performative reflexive autoethnographic project through embodied imagination broadens and deepens this global, transcultural, transdisciplinary effort through the human body, traditionally not considered human thinking’s locus. Benefits across global societies include greater self-care, the ability to act effectively quickly in response to a world with exponentially increasing complexity, and awareness that creativity is a global communitarian human birthright, not a rarity relegated to exceptional people. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7554413/ doi: 10.1177/1077800420962474 id: cord-000317-pixbry0c author: Eggo, Rosalind M. title: Spatial dynamics of the 1918 influenza pandemic in England, Wales and the United States date: 2011-02-06 words: 6381.0 sentences: 324.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000317-pixbry0c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000317-pixbry0c.txt summary: To better characterize the spread of the 1918 major wave, we fitted a range of city-to-city transmission models to mortality data collected for 246 population centres in England and Wales and 47 cities in the US. Using a gravity model for city-to-city contacts, we explored the effect of population size and distance on the spread of disease and tested assumptions regarding density dependence in connectivity between cities. We employed Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to estimate parameters of the model for population, infectivity, distance and density dependence. For England and Wales, a model that estimated the degree of density dependence in connectivity between cities was preferable by deviance information criterion comparison. The low kernel power parameter estimates we have found in both England and Wales and the US suggests that long-distance interactions were important in spreading influenza between distant cities in both countries. abstract: There is still limited understanding of key determinants of spatial spread of influenza. The 1918 pandemic provides an opportunity to elucidate spatial determinants of spread on a large scale. To better characterize the spread of the 1918 major wave, we fitted a range of city-to-city transmission models to mortality data collected for 246 population centres in England and Wales and 47 cities in the US. Using a gravity model for city-to-city contacts, we explored the effect of population size and distance on the spread of disease and tested assumptions regarding density dependence in connectivity between cities. We employed Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to estimate parameters of the model for population, infectivity, distance and density dependence. We inferred the most likely transmission trees for both countries. For England and Wales, a model that estimated the degree of density dependence in connectivity between cities was preferable by deviance information criterion comparison. Early in the major wave, long distance infective interactions predominated, with local infection events more likely as the epidemic became widespread. For the US, with fewer more widely dispersed cities, statistical power was lacking to estimate population size dependence or the degree of density dependence, with the preferred model depending on distance only. We find that parameters estimated from the England and Wales dataset can be applied to the US data with no likelihood penalty. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033019/ doi: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0216 id: cord-317465-ucwuptgg author: FANG, H. title: Human Mobility Restrictions and the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China date: 2020-03-26 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: We quantify the causal impact of human mobility restrictions, particularly the lockdown of the city of Wuhan on January 23, 2020, on the containment and delay of the spread of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We employ a set of difference-in-differences (DID) estimations to disentangle the lockdown effect on human mobility reductions from other confounding effects including panic effect, virus effect, and the Spring Festival effect. We find that the lockdown of Wuhan reduced inflow into Wuhan by 76.64%, outflows from Wuhan by 56.35%, and within-Wuhan movements by 54.15%. We also estimate the dynamic effects of up to 22 lagged population inflows from Wuhan and other Hubei cities, the epicenter of the 2019-nCoV outbreak, on the destination cities' new infection cases. We find, using simulations with these estimates, that the lockdown of the city of Wuhan on January 23, 2020 contributed significantly to reducing the total infection cases outside of Wuhan, even with the social distancing measures later imposed by other cities. We find that the COVID-19 cases would be 64.81% higher in the 347 Chinese cities outside Hubei province, and 52.64% higher in the 16 non-Wuhan cities inside Hubei, in the counterfactual world in which the city of Wuhan were not locked down from January 23, 2020. We also find that there were substantial undocumented infection cases in the early days of the 2019-nCoV outbreak in Wuhan and other cities of Hubei province, but over time, the gap between the officially reported cases and our estimated "actual" cases narrows significantly. We also find evidence that enhanced social distancing policies in the 63 Chinese cities outside Hubei province are effective in reducing the impact of population inflows from the epicenter cities in Hubei province on the spread of 2019-nCoV virus in the destination cities elsewhere. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042424 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042424 id: cord-021673-vs4famsa author: Foley, M. title: Establishing Singapore as the Events and Entertainment Capital of Asia: Strategic Brand Diversification date: 2009-11-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151847/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-08-045100-8.00004-1 id: cord-353718-8a5pq57e author: Freitas, Ângela title: Assessing Urban Health Inequities through a Multidimensional and Participatory Framework: Evidence from the EURO-HEALTHY Project date: 2020-08-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Urban health inequities often reflect and follow the geographic patterns of inequality in the social, economic and environmental conditions within a city—the so-called determinants of health. Evidence of patterns within these conditions can support decision-making by identifying where action is urgent and which policies and interventions are needed to mitigate negative impacts and enhance positive impacts. Within the scope of the EU-funded project EURO-HEALTHY (Shaping EUROpean policies to promote HEALTH equitY), the City of Lisbon was selected as a case study to apply a multidimensional and participatory assessment approach of urban health whose purpose was to inform the evaluation of policies and interventions with potential to address local health gaps. In this paper, we present the set of indicators identified as drivers of urban health inequities within the City of Lisbon, exploring the added value of using a spatial indicator framework together with a participation process to orient a place-based assessment and to inform policies aimed at reducing health inequities. Two workshops with a panel of local stakeholders from health and social care services, municipal departments (e.g. urban planning, environment, social rights and education) and non-governmental and community-based organizations were organized. The aim was to engage local stakeholders to identify locally critical situations and select indicators of health determinants from a spatial equity perspective. To support the analysis, a matrix of 46 indicators of health determinants, with data disaggregated at the city neighbourhood scale, was constructed and was complemented with maps. The panel identified critical situations for urban health equity in 28 indicators across eight intervention axes: economic conditions, social protection and security; education; demographic change; lifestyles and behaviours; physical environment; built environment; road safety and healthcare resources and performance. The geographical distribution of identified critical situations showed that all 24 city neighbourhoods presented one or more problems. A group of neighbourhoods systematically perform worse in most indicators from different intervention axes, requiring not only priority action but mainly a multi- and intersectoral policy response. The indicator matrices and maps have provided a snapshot of urban inequities across different intervention axes, making a compelling argument for boosting intersectoral work across municipal departments and local stakeholders in the City of Lisbon. This study, by integrating local evidence in combination with social elements, pinpoints the importance of a place-based approach for assessing urban health equity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32860097/ doi: 10.1007/s11524-020-00471-5 id: cord-272526-2fgtjouu author: Hutton, Thomas A title: Service industries, globalization, and urban restructuring within the Asia-Pacific: new development trajectories and planning responses date: 2003-05-30 words: 30174.0 sentences: 892.0 pages: flesch: 21.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272526-2fgtjouu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272526-2fgtjouu.txt summary: 5 5 In general scholarly attention to the growth and development of service activities has evolved as follows: (a) an early interest in the growth of high-rise offices in the CBDs of the largest metropolitan cities, including important theoretical and conceptual contributions (Gottmann, 1961) , (b) a stream of empirical studies of office location, emphasizing regional policy implications and urban planning problems (Daniels, 1975; Goddard, 1975) , (c) growing interest in the social ramifications of services growth (Bell, 1973) , (d) a sharper analytical focus on business, ''producer'' and other intermediate services, and their role in urban and regional development (Noyelle and Stanback, 1984) , and in the operation of ''flexible'' industrial regimes, (e) assessments of the global dimensions of services development, especially in banking and finance, as well as in producer services and communications (Daniels, 1993 ), (f) acknowledgement of the importance of specialized services in the emergence of the ''informational city'' and urban society (Castells, 1989) , and (g) explorations of the intersections between tertiarization, occupational shifts, urban class (re)formation, and community-level impacts, especially in the metropolitan core (Ley, 1996) . abstract: While industralization programmes have been central to the development of Asia-Pacific states and city-regions over the past half-century, service industries are increasingly important as instruments of urban growth and change. The purpose of this paper is to establish service industries as increasingly significant aspects of urban development within the Asia-Pacific, and to propose a conceptual and analytical framework for scholarly investigation within this important research domain. To this end the paper explores a sequence of related themes and issues, concerning the larger developmental implications of urban services growth (or tertiarization), the facets of urban transformation associated with tertiarization, and a preliminary typology of urban service functions which acknowledges the rich diversity of service vocations and stages of development within the Asia-Pacific. The paper concludes that “advanced services”—specialized, intermediate service industries, advanced-technology services, and creative service industries—will be quite crucial to the development of city-regions within the Asia-Pacific, with respect to employment growth and human capital formation, to the urban economic (or export) base, to the operation of flexible production systems, and to competitive advantage. The development of these urban service poles will require innovative policy commitments and regulatory adjustments, as will the multi-centred specialized urban service corridors which function as engines of regional economic growth, and which provide platforms for national modernization and responses to the pressures (and opportunities) of globalization. To date, urban and regional development strategies for service industries within the Asia-Pacific have privileged globalization, industrial restructuring, and modernization aims, but there is also an encouraging record of more progressive planning experimentation in some jurisdictions, incorporating principles of sustainability and co-operative development. There is also increasing interest in policies to support cultural and creative industries among Asia-Pacific city-regions, informed by some recent urban policy experimentation in this domain. These experiences can offer models for further policy and programmatic innovation in the 21st century, as service industries continue to play larger roles in urban and regional development within the Asia-Pacific. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0305900603000138 doi: 10.1016/s0305-9006(03)00013-8 id: cord-348435-z1c16thl author: Jiricka-Pürrer, Alexandra title: City tourism pre- and post-covid-19 pandemic – Messages to take home for climate change adaptation and mitigation? date: 2020-09-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The paper presents the status quo on climate change impacts on city tourism in Austria describing the impacts by air travel and a short stay on the greenhouse gas emissions and the changing conditions in the city. For Austrian cities, depending on location and topography, heavy rainfall events, storms and heat waves in particular could become increasingly relevant in the tourism context. For medium-sized and large cities, heat is the most frequently discussed topic in connection with possible adaptation potentials. The analysis of challenges shows a strong overlap of adaptation targets in city tourism with adaptation challenges for city planning including connection to the sub-urban surrounding areas to confront climate change impacts. Covid-19 pandemic, additionally, offered the opportunity to discuss a new re-start of the city-tourism against the experience during the shutdown period in spring 2020. The paper argues that we can learn from the current health crisis for coping with climate change related extreme events and to increase achievements in climate change mitigation. Firstly, the pandemic provides a strong ability to discuss the impact of city tourism due to short-term air travel and options to enhance more climate-friendly options on the other hand. Secondly, Covid-19 emphasized the need to reconsider the role of free spaces in metropolitan areas as well as their accessibility. Herewith synergies with climate change adaptation are likely when questioning the availability and accessibility of green and blue infrastructure as well as their capacities. Challenges including crowding and impacts by over tourism on public free spaces will require joint strategies involving all public and private institutions (including local communities and businesses) responsible for the maintenance of green and blue free spaces. Thirdly, the strong interactions between urban and suburban areas became evident once more, which will also be very relevant for city tourism in the future (e.g. in times of heat waves). Reflection on the transferability of coping with such crowding effects, related to the adaptive behaviour of residents and tourists in times of severe heat waves, might be relevant for both city tourism and summer tourism destinations near metropolitan areas. Finally, the Covid-19 crisis encourages discussions on over-tourism in metropolitan destinations in favour of a more balanced approach, in particular in inner city areas and around major sightseeing attractions. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2213078020300530 doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2020.100329 id: cord-287304-h6wj7m8u author: Keil, Roger title: Governing the Sick City: Urban Governance in the Age of Emerging Infectious Disease date: 2007-12-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract: Based on a case study of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Toronto, Canada, this article suggests that we may have to rethink our common perception of what urban governance entails. Rather than operating solely in the conceptual proximity of social cohesion and economic competitiveness, urban governance may soon prove to be more centrally concerned with questions of widespread disease, life and death and the construction of new internal boundaries and regulations just at the time that globalization seems to suggest the breakdown of some traditional scalar incisions such as national boundaries in a post‐Westphalian environment. We argue that urban governance must face the new (or reemerging) challenge of dealing with infectious disease in the context of the “new normal” and that global health governance may be better off by taking the possibilities that rest in metropolitan governance more seriously. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32313325/ doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2007.00555.x id: cord-272412-vhznzg1x author: Kimari, Wangui title: Outlaw Nairobi versus The Pandemics date: 2020-06-03 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ciso.12305 doi: 10.1111/ciso.12305 id: cord-020617-w36yri4g author: Kubo, Tomoko title: Divided Tokyo: Housing Policy, the Ideology of Homeownership, and the Growing Contrast Between the City Center and the Suburbs date: 2020-03-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This chapter examines the generation of Tokyo’s division over time by focusing on the changes in national and municipal policies on urban planning, land use, and housing, as well as the outcomes of these long-term trajectories since the 1950s onward. By comparing with the Western urban discourse, we clarify the process of how Tokyo became divided in terms of residential conditions. The national government focused on the growth of major metropolitan areas, stimulating suburban development and homeownership in the suburbs from the 1950s to the 1980s. However, after the late 1990s, the target shifted from the suburbs to the city centers. Alongside global competition among cities, the long-term recession of the Japanese economy, and social changes, continuous investment to grow central Tokyo has increased in importance. In contrast, suburban neighborhoods are facing challenges related to an aging population and an increase in housing vacancies. Although government intervention is necessary, there are limited possibilities for the outer suburbs to revitalize and re-grow. The sharp contrast between the growth in city centers and the shrinking suburbs, and specifically the divided Tokyo, will become more obvious in the next decade. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7143446/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-4202-2_2 id: cord-305629-utjng3dq author: Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy title: Impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on air quality and its association with human mortality trends in megapolis Mexico City date: 2020-10-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Mexico City is the second most populated city in Latin America, and it went through two partial lockdowns between April 1 and May 31, 2020, for reducing the COVID-19 propagation. The present study assessed air quality and its association with human mortality rates during the lockdown by estimating changes observed in air pollutants (CO, NO(2), O(3), SO(2), PM(10) and PM(2.5)) between the lockdown (April 1–May 31) and prelockdown (January 1–March 31) periods, as well as by comparing the air quality data of lockdown period with the same interval of previous 5 years (2015–2019). Concentrations of NO(2) (− 29%), SO(2) (− 55%) and PM(10) (− 11%) declined and the contents of CO (+ 1.1%), PM(2.5) (+ 19%) and O(3) (+ 63%) increased during the lockdown compared to the prelockdown period. This study also estimated that NO(2), SO(2), CO, PM(10) and PM(2.5) reduced by 19–36%, and O(3) enhanced by 14% compared to the average of 2015–2019. Reduction in traffic as well as less emission from vehicle exhausts led to remarkable decline in NO(2), SO(2) and PM(10). The significant positive associations of PM(2.5), CO and O(3) with the numbers of COVID-19 infections and deaths, however, underscored the necessity to enforce air pollution regulations to protect human health in one of the important cities of the northern hemisphere. [Figure: see text] url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133301/ doi: 10.1007/s11869-020-00960-1 id: cord-298003-6yvcl92q author: Lawrence, Roderick J. title: Responding to COVID-19: What’s the Problem? date: 2020-06-05 words: 2368.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298003-6yvcl92q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298003-6yvcl92q.txt summary: In addition to knowledge and know-how acquired from biological, ecological, health, medical and veterinary sciences, this pandemic confirms the crucial function and contribution of access to many types of resources when they are needed; in particular, sufficient stocks of medical equipment; hospital wards with specialised infrastructure; replenished supplies of pharmaceutical products; adequate numbers of trained and qualified medical doctors, nursing staff and auxiliary personnel in hospitals, medical centres and nursing homes for elderly persons and coordinated uses of all these resources when the virus is first diagnosed in specific localities. Ironically, many advocates of laissez-faire and neo-liberal economics now expect governments to intervene to support private enterprises that are financially fragile or bankrupt, Fig. 1 1 Effective responses to the complexity, emergence and uncertainty of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the compound nature of health, economic and social impacts of COVID-19 require understanding and implementing the virtuous relations between disciplinary knowledge and professional know-how, several types of resources, coordinated multi-level governance, and individual and collective behaviours that should be combined in transdisciplinary contributions. abstract: This commentary argues that the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic should be considered as a transdisciplinary societal challenge that requires coordinated systemic thinking and actions in the context of uncertainty. Responses to the propagation of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the health, economic and social impacts of Covid-19 are complex, emergent and unpredictable. We describe the virtuous relations between three prerequisite conditions—multilevel governance, knowledge and types of resources and individual and collective behaviours—that should be combined in transdisciplinary responses. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-020-00456-4 doi: 10.1007/s11524-020-00456-4 id: cord-349238-qfvm883x author: Maponga, Brian A title: Risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, 2011: a case control study date: 2013-12-02 words: 3455.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349238-qfvm883x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349238-qfvm883x.txt summary: title: Risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, 2011: a case control study We conducted a case controlstudy to determine risk factorsfor contracting watery diarrhoea in children less than 5 years in Kadoma City. METHODS: An unmatched 1:1 case control study was conducted in Ngezi and Rimuka townships in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe. Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity in the world, and mostly results from contaminated food and water sources.In developing countries, children below 3 years experience on average 3 episodes of diarrhoea every year. A case was defined as a child less than five years old who presented to a health facility with acute watery diarrhoea, with or without vomiting and other symptoms, between 5 th September and 1 st October 2011, who had been resident in Kadoma City for one week prior to onset of symptoms. This study sought to establish risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea among children less than five years old in Kadoma City. abstract: BACKGROUND: Kadoma City experienced an increase in watery diarrhoea from 27 cases during week beginning 5(th) September, to 107 cases during week beginning 26(th) September 2011. The weekly diarrhoea cases crossed the threshold action line during week beginning 5(th) September at the children’s clinic in Rimuka Township, and the remaining four clinics reported cases crossing threshold action lines between week beginning 12(th) September and week beginning 26(th) September. Eighty-two percent of the cases were children less than 5 years old. We conducted a case controlstudy to determine risk factorsfor contracting watery diarrhoea in children less than 5 years in Kadoma City. METHODS: An unmatched 1:1 case control study was conducted in Ngezi and Rimuka townships in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe. A case was a child less than 5 years old, who developed acute watery diarrhoea between 5(th) September and 1(st) October 2011. A control was a child less than 5 years old who stayed in the same township and did not suffer from diarrhoea. A structured questionnaire was administered to caregivers of cases and controls.Laboratory water quality tests and stool test results were reviewed.Epi Info™ statistical software was used to analyse data. RESULTS: A total of 109 cases and 109 controls were enrolled. Independent protective factors were: having been exclusively breastfed for six months [AOR = 0.44; 95% CI (0.24-0.82)]; using municipal water [AOR = 0.38; 95% CI (0.18-0.80)]; using aqua tablets, [AOR = 0.49; 95% CI (0.26–0.94)] and; storing water in closed containers, [AOR = 0.24; 95% CI (0.07–0.0.83). The only independent risk factor for contracting watery diarrhoea was hand washing in a single bowl, [AOR = 2.89; 95% CI (1.33–6.28)]. Salmonella, Shigella, Rotavirus, and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli were isolated in the stool specimens. None of the 33 municipal water samples tested showed contamination with Escherichia coli, whilst 23 of 44 (52%) shallow well water samples and 3 of 15(20%) borehole water samples tested were positive for Escherichia coli. CONCLUSIONS: The outbreak resulted from inadequate clean water and use of contaminated water. Evidence from this study was used to guide public health response to the outbreak. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-567 doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-567 id: cord-261420-8wavi5tk author: Nazarimehr, Fahimeh title: Prediction of bifurcations by varying critical parameters of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 words: 2490.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261420-8wavi5tk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261420-8wavi5tk.txt summary: Some critical parameters, such as the background of mortality without considering the disease state and the speed of moving people from infected to resistance, affect the conditions of society. Also, the interaction of five cities is studied with various connections and parameters to show the effect of traveling in the outbreak of the disease. Part (a) of Fig. 2 shows the bifurcations of Model (1) by changing the parameter of the background of mortality without considering the disease state. In the first step of this study, various bifurcations of the model by changing some critical parameters such as the background of mortality without considering the disease state and the speed of moving people from Fig. 9 Variations of state variables of five cities with different parameters for cities and coupling strength k ¼ 0:2; The population of the susceptible and resistant group in the cities cannot be synchronized, and they are different in all the times. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a recent strong challenge for the world. In this paper, an epidemiology model is investigated as a model for the development of COVID-19. The propagation of COVID-19 through various sub-groups of society is studied. Some critical parameters, such as the background of mortality without considering the disease state and the speed of moving people from infected to resistance, affect the conditions of society. In this paper, early warning indicators are used to predict the bifurcation points in the system. In the interaction of various sub-groups of society, each sub-group can have various parameters. Six cases of the sub-groups interactions are studied. By coupling these sub-groups, various dynamics of the whole society are investigated. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05749-6 doi: 10.1007/s11071-020-05749-6 id: cord-348791-5d23x86j author: Nijman, Jan title: Urban inequalities in the 21st century economy date: 2020-04-02 words: 8501.0 sentences: 402.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348791-5d23x86j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348791-5d23x86j.txt summary: At the same time, urban studies scholars and geographers have long attended to questions of inequality (e.g., Harvey, 1973) and have done so at a finer spatial scale, as expressed in studies of residential segregation and neighborhood development (see Galster & Sharkey, 2017; Hamnett, 2019) . Among the geographic foci of the resulting set of nine papers are cities in the United States, China, Europe, and South America; they combine analyses of inequalities at regional/inter-urban and intra-urban scales; and they cover a range of inequality dimensions including questions of residential segregation, commuting, food access, health, housing disparities, job access, economic vitality, and demography. Foreign direct investment (FDI) tends to prefer cities with well developed infrastructure, covenient access to political power, substantial integration with the global economy, and advanced social-economic conditions, which result in an increase of urban primacy and spatial polarization (Huang & Wei, 2011) . abstract: In the last decade or so, inequality studies have assumed renewed prominence across the social sciences. In this introduction to a special issue of Applied Geography, we set out to articulate the importance of urban spatial context in broader present-day inequality debates. We argue that the information-based economy is emphatically urban-based and that it has forged new spatial inequalities in and between cities and among urban populations. Income gaps have widened, inter-city disparities have grown, suburbs have been re-sorted into a wide array on the basis of class and race or ethnicity, and many central cities have assumed a renewed importance within metropolitan areas. We argue that attention to urban spatial dimensions at various scales is critical to understanding current inequality trends, from intra-urban to regional and global scales. Contributions to this special issue from North America, Europe, South America, and China suggest that deepening urban inequalities are pervasive across the globe. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102188 doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102188 id: cord-326519-1r3jdffu author: Orlova, Galina title: City Archipelago: Mapping (post)lockdown Moscow through its heterogeneities date: 2020-07-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836788/ doi: 10.1111/ciso.12331 id: cord-219520-by3gxrd8 author: Pang, Junjie title: Collaborative City Digital Twin For Covid-19 Pandemic: A Federated Learning Solution date: 2020-11-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In this work, we propose a collaborative city digital twin based on FL, a novel paradigm that allowing multiple city DT to share the local strategy and status in a timely manner. In particular, an FL central server manages the local updates of multiple collaborators (city DT), provides a global model which is trained in multiple iterations at different city DT systems, until the model gains the correlations between various response plan and infection trend. That means, a collaborative city DT paradigm based on FL techniques can obtain knowledge and patterns from multiple DTs, and eventually establish a `global view' for city crisis management. Meanwhile, it also helps to improve each city digital twin selves by consolidating other DT's respective data without violating privacy rules. To validate the proposed solution, we take COVID-19 pandemic as a case study. The experimental results on the real dataset with various response plan validate our proposed solution and demonstrate the superior performance. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.02883v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-318301-gd43bacv author: Paul, Arpan title: A critical review of liveability approaches and their dimensions date: 2020-10-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The last few decades have witnessed increasing trends in urbanization as a global phenomenon. In this regard, the concept of liveability has appeared as elementary for evaluating the degree of living standards of cities. The present review investigates a comparative critical assessment of the existing liveability approaches in urban studies. Based on the assessment, the review concludes that a gap prevails concerning liveability approaches between global cities in different parts of the world. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.09.008 doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.09.008 id: cord-315343-ywgoqlxj author: Ribeiro, Haroldo V. title: City size and the spreading of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-09-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The current outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an unprecedented example of how fast an infectious disease can spread around the globe (especially in urban areas) and the enormous impact it causes on public health and socio-economic activities. Despite the recent surge of investigations about different aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, we still know little about the effects of city size on the propagation of this disease in urban areas. Here we investigate how the number of cases and deaths by COVID-19 scale with the population of Brazilian cities. Our results indicate small towns are proportionally more affected by COVID-19 during the initial spread of the disease, such that the cumulative numbers of cases and deaths per capita initially decrease with population size. However, during the long-term course of the pandemic, this urban advantage vanishes and large cities start to exhibit higher incidence of cases and deaths, such that every 1% rise in population is associated with a 0.14% increase in the number of fatalities per capita after about four months since the first two daily deaths. We argue that these patterns may be related to the existence of proportionally more health infrastructure in the largest cities and a lower proportion of older adults in large urban areas. We also find the initial growth rate of cases and deaths to be higher in large cities; however, these growth rates tend to decrease in large cities and to increase in small ones over time. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.13892v2.pdf doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239699 id: cord-005189-z92vwovw author: Saier, Milton H. title: Are Megacities Sustainable? date: 2006-07-28 words: 1850.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005189-z92vwovw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005189-z92vwovw.txt summary: Increasing numbers of people are moving to cities, causing urban populations to expand. Moreover, the primary product produced by a particular urban population may result from the presence of a single company, and its presence in that city reflects the decisions of just a few executives. This tremendous rise results both from astronomical global birth over death rates and from the migration of rural populations to the cities. Moreover, about 1% of the world_s rural population moves from the country to the cities every two years. The sudden loss of a city_s infrastructure due to a natural or man-created disaster would be expected to promote human suffering of a magnitude that far surpasses anything that could have occurred in the past with a less centralized population living in a rural setting. Past examples of urban disasters abound: The great San Francisco earthquake and fire of 1906 caused thousands of deaths and tremendous loss of property. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088849/ doi: 10.1007/s11270-006-9211-1 id: cord-026334-n8ek9fw3 author: Shah, Pooja title: Prevention is Better than Cure: An Application of Big Data and Geospatial Technology in Mitigating Pandemic date: 2020-06-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: COVID-19 has been a severe threat to city’s dense ecosystem and has collapsed the urban life. These spread has raised question on urban health infrastructure and coping capacity. To maintain social distance and providing community with essentials is a challenging task for government and city planners in dense urban area. Spatial mapping of resources, patients, medical infrastructure, potential open space, places which can be turned to quarantine centers, etc. has been done using GIS for city of Surat. Larger open spaces within the urban fabric are identified to implement emergency services and evacuation protocols. This tool will defiantly be helpful to the city administration in maintaining the cluster, quarantine tracking of the infected community and flow of daily essential, supply chain in cities with restriction in the infected cluster. Even having better technology to fight against any pandemic, geospatial technology will help to prevent the pandemic to spread further and hence, it is known as prevention is better then cure. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7275654/ doi: 10.1007/s41403-020-00120-y id: cord-018316-drjfwcdg author: Shephard, Roy J. title: Building the Infrastructure and Regulations Needed for Public Health and Fitness date: 2017-09-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: 1. To recognize the importance to the maintenance of good health of adequate public health regulations and an infrastructure that provides clean water and appropriate waste management. 2. To see the lack of such amenities over many centuries, but the progressive development of public health bureaucracies dedicated to provision of an appropriate infrastructure for healthy cities, beginning during the Victorian Era. 3. To observe how responsibility for the provision of adequate housing for poorer city dwellers has been shared between government, benevolent entrepreneurs and charities. 4. To note the new challenges to public health presented by such current issues as the abuse of tobacco and mood-altering drugs, continuing toxic auto-emissions, the epidemic of HIV/AIDS, a decreased acceptance of MMR vaccinations, and the ready spread of infectious diseases by air travel. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123162/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-65097-5_22 id: cord-017790-5iwgebvp author: Siegel, Frederic R. title: Disease Protection in Sea Coast (and Inland) Cities: Problems in Dense Populations with Shantytowns/Slums date: 2019-07-13 words: 6263.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017790-5iwgebvp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017790-5iwgebvp.txt summary: Important factors that have to be considered by public health personnel in sea coast cities in order to be prepared to deal with disease include a location''s latitude and elevation as they influence climate (temperature and humidity). Here, the path is toxic metal from rock to soil to agricultural products or drinking/cooking water that can do the same harm to the human body as noted in the previous paragraph by bioaccumulation in and damage to vital organs and also cause medical symptoms and the onset of a NCD. The release of heavy metals from industrialization, utility sources, and vehicles into a city environment and associated ecosystems on land and in the oceans can be an inherited legacy or existing danger to public health through bad air and contaminated water, soils, and foods. How sea coast cities (and inner ones) and national governments have adapted to mitigate toxic metal pollution is reflected in the health status of their populations. abstract: As discussed earlier in this book, there are sea coast cities worldwide that are at risk from floods, storm surges, and extreme weather conditions such as wind-driven high category hurricanes (typhoons, monsoons), or drought and heat waves, plus along Pacific Ocean coasts, earthquakes and tsunamis. A municipality and its public health services have to be prepared to adapt to their preparations to deal with what contemporary experiences and history reveal are the most likely physical hazards and diseases to impact it. The two main preparatives are first to be able to care for the injured during a hazard event at well-staffed and supplied hospitals and medical clinics or field hospitals. The second is to fill the basic needs of affected populations with clean water, food, shelter, toilets, waste collection, and if necessary power restoration. These primary responses will help to reduce the chance of an onset and spread of disease. It is important to activate search and rescue teams help citizens isolated or trapped by the event that did not or could not evacuate such as in the case of extreme weather and flooding. In addition, where there have been deaths, bodies should be recovered and interred as soon as possible in order to prevent sickness that might originate from them. For instances of collapsed structures with people trapped inside, equipment that can move debris and rescue people or recover the deceased is necessary as would be the case for less common strong earthquakes as well as some extreme storm events. What was just described may be a good template to follow, but in reality, many sea coast cities in developing and less developed countries do not have the resources to cope with severe hazards that might impact them. Here, the World Health Organization and developed nations, large and small, have sent in personnel, supplies, and equipment to help an impacted sea coast city (or inland city) in the past and will surely continue to do so in the future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122453/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-22669-5_6 id: cord-301053-3fw0hrbl author: Silva, P. J. S. title: Robot dance: a city-wise automatic control of Covid-19 mitigation levels date: 2020-05-18 words: 5112.0 sentences: 342.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301053-3fw0hrbl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301053-3fw0hrbl.txt summary: Taking into account parameters associated to the population of each city and the mobility among them, the optimal control framework suggests the level and duration of protective measures that must be implemented to ensure that the number of infected individuals is within a range that avoids the collapse of the health care system. Compared against other mitigation measures that are implemented simultaneously and in equal strength across cities our method has three major particularities when: Accounts for city commute and health infrastructure: It takes into account the daily commute among cities to estimate the dynamics of infected people while keeping the number of infected people within a desired level at each city avoiding the collapse of its health care system. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.11.20098541 doi: medRxiv preprint night day Figure 1 : Daily dynamics of workers traveling to nearby cities. abstract: We develop an automatic control system to help to design efficient mitigation measures for the Covid-19 epidemic in cities. Taking into account parameters associated to the population of each city and the mobility among them, the optimal control framework suggests the level and duration of protective measures that must be implemented to ensure that the number of infected individuals is within a range that avoids the collapse of the health care system. Compared against other mitigation measures that are implemented simultaneously and in equal strength across cities our method has three major particularities when: Accounts for city commute and health infrastructure: It takes into account the daily commute among cities to estimate the dynamics of infected people while keeping the number of infected people within a desired level at each city avoiding the collapse of its health care system. City-specific control: It allows for orchestrating the control measures among cities so as to prevent all cities to face the same level control. The model tends to induce alternation between periods of stricter controls and periods of a more normal life in each city and among the cities. Flexible scenarios: It is flexible enough to allow for simulating the impact of particular actions. For example, one can simulate the how the control all cities change when the number of care beds increases in specific places. Therefore, our method creates an automatic dance adjusting mitigation levels within cities and alternating among cities as suggested in~cite{Pue2020}. This automatic dance may help the city economy and orchestration of resources. We provide case studies using the major cities of the state of Sao Paulo given by using estimates on the daily mobility among the cities their health care system capacity. We use official data in our case studies. However, sub-notification of infected people in Brazil is notoriously high. Hence the case study should not be considered as a real world policy suggestion. It high sub-notification is taken into account, the optimal control algorithm will suggest stricter mitigation measures, as also shown in the case studies. Surprisingly, the total duration of the protocol for the state is barely affected by the sub-notification, but the severity of such protocols is strengthened. This stresses a twofold implication, first, the protocol depends on high-quality data and, second, such optimal and orchestrated protocol is robust and can be adjusted to the demand. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.11.20098541v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.11.20098541 id: cord-198395-v15queyh author: Storch, David-Maximilian title: Incentive-driven discontinuous transition to high ride-sharing adoption date: 2020-08-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Ride-sharing - the combination of multiple trips into one - may substantially contribute towards sustainable urban mobility. It is most efficient at high demand locations with many similar trip requests. However, here we reveal that people's willingness to share rides does not follow this trend. Modeling the fundamental incentives underlying individual ride-sharing decisions, we find two opposing adoption regimes, one with constant and one with decreasing adoption as demand increases. In the high demand limit, the transition between these regimes becomes discontinuous, switching abruptly from low to high ride-sharing adoption. Analyzing over 360 million ride requests in New York City and Chicago illustrates that both regimes coexist across the cities, consistent with our model predictions. These results suggest that current incentives for ride-sharing may be near the boundary to the high-sharing regime such that even a moderate increase in the financial incentives may significantly increase ride-sharing adoption. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.11079v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-353277-vd0etd38 author: Tucker, Jennifer L. title: Informal Work and Sustainable Cities: From Formalization to Reparation date: 2020-09-18 words: 8422.0 sentences: 547.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353277-vd0etd38.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353277-vd0etd38.txt summary: Too often, policy elites, including those promoting sustainable cities, overlook this value, proposing formalization and relying on deficit-based framings of informal work. Building on our research in India and Paraguay, amplifying critical informality scholarship and centering the knowledge produced by workers'' organizations, we assert that by thinking historically, relationally, and spatially, and redistributing power and resources to workers, we can move beyond formalization to a frame that centers decent work, ecological health, and reparation for uneven legacies of harm. 40 Informal work produces economic, social, and environmental value that sustains lives and urban environments. Thinking historically, relationally, and spatially reveals how the value produced by informal workers subsidize urban economies and ecologies, even as racial capitalism predictably reproduces job scarcity, income inequality, and poverty, the very conditions that impel many to informal work. abstract: Informal workers produce economic, social, and environmental value for cities. Too often, policy elites, including those promoting sustainable cities, overlook this value, proposing formalization and relying on deficit-based framings of informal work. In this perspective piece, we bring critical research and community-produced knowledge about informal work to sustainability scholarship. We challenge the dominant, deficit-based frame of informal work, which can dispossess workers, reduce their collective power, and undercut the social and environmental value their work generates. Instead, thinking historically, relationally, and spatially clarifies the essential role of informal work for urban economies and highlights their potential for promoting sustainable cities. It also reveals how growth-oriented economies reproduce environmental destruction, income inequality, and poverty, the very conditions impelling many to informal work. Rather than formalization, we propose reparation, an ethic and practice promoting ecological regeneration, while redressing historic wrongs and redistributing resources and social power to workers and grassroots social movements. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590332220304218 doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.08.012 id: cord-275814-seirbkiq author: Tuncer, Necibe title: Effect of air travel on the spread of an avian influenza pandemic to the United States date: 2014-03-31 words: 6687.0 sentences: 433.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275814-seirbkiq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275814-seirbkiq.txt summary: A two-city mathematical model involving a pandemic strain is used to derive the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ), which determines if the disease will spread and persist ( R 0 > 1 ) or go extinct ( R 0 < 1 ). Real air travel data is used to model the disease spread by individuals who are susceptible to or are infected with pandemic avian influenza. Real air travel data is used to model the disease spread by individuals who are susceptible to or are infected with pandemic avian influenza. We only consider the air travel of susceptible and infected humans with pandemic avian influenza because the infected individuals can only contract the disease from domestic birds (that do not travel). HPAI and pandemic avian influenza both become extinct in the bird and human populations when all the reproduction numbers are less than one. abstract: Abstract The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strain H5N1, which first appeared in Hong Kong in 1997, achieved bird-to-human transmission, causing a severe disease with high mortality to humans [18]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a total of 637 cases were reported in fifteen countries, including 378 deaths, corresponding to a case fatality rate of nearly 60% [19]. Avian influenza continues to be one of the deadliest diseases that jumps from animals to humans. Epidemiologists believe that it is likely to cause the next major global pandemic that could kill millions of people. The 2002 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) demonstrated that international air travel can significantly influence the global spread of an infectious disease. This paper studies the effects of air travel on the spread of avian influenza from Asian and Australian cities to the United States. A two-city mathematical model involving a pandemic strain is used to derive the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ), which determines if the disease will spread and persist ( R 0 > 1 ) or go extinct ( R 0 < 1 ). Real air travel data is used to model the disease spread by individuals who are susceptible to or are infected with pandemic avian influenza. Analysis of the two-city model helps understand the dynamics of the spread of pandemic influenza when the cities are connected by air travel. Understanding these effects can help public health officials and policy-makers select the appropriate disease control measures. Also, it can provide guidance to decision-makers on where to implement control measures while conserving precious resources. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1874548214000079 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcip.2014.02.001 id: cord-136729-dr0dxm82 author: Wu, Ziqiang title: COVID-19 Plateau: A Phenomenon of Epidemic Development under Adaptive Prevention Strategies date: 2020-11-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 spreading, the number of studies on the epidemic models increased dramatically. It is important for policy makers to know how the disease will spread, and what are the effects of the policies and environment on the spreading. In this paper, we propose two extensions to the standard infectious disease models: (a) We consider the prevention measures adopted based on the current severity of the infection, those measures are adaptive and change over time. (b) Multiple cities and regions are considered, with population movements between those cities/regions, while taking into account that each region may have different prevention measures. While the adaptive measures and mobility of the population were often observed during the pandemic, these effects are rarely explicitly modeled and studied in the classical epidemic models. The model we propose gives rise to a plateau phenomenon: the number of people infected by the disease stay at the same level during an extended period of time. We show what are conditions needs to be met in order for the spreading to exhibit a plateau period, and we show that this phenomenon is interdependent: when considering multiples cities, the conditions are different from a single city. We verify from the real-world data that plateau phenomenon does exists in many regions of the world in the current COVID-19 development. Finally, we provide theoretical analysis on the plateau phenomenon for the single-city model, and derive a series of results on the emergence and ending of the plateau, and on the height and length of the plateau. Our theoretical results match well with our empirical findings. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.03376v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-300212-3ljvw0vm author: Włodarczyk-Marciniak, Renata title: Residents’ awareness of the role of informal green spaces in a post-industrial city, with a focus on regulating services and urban adaptation potential date: 2020-05-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Urban green spaces (UGS) and the ecosystem services they provide are essential for the health and wellbeing of city dwellers. UGS are increasingly seen as a potential solution for sustainable urban planning and development. Informal green spaces (IGS), even though they may make up a large share of UGS, are often overlooked in this regard. This study examines residents’ awareness of the ecosystem services provided by IGS and their need for redevelopment. The data were collected through structured interviews in the immediate vicinity of selected IGS in the Polish city of Łódź. Łódź is typical of post-industrial European cities struggling with environmental (heatwaves, cloudbursts), social (aging, depopulation) and spatial (a neglected and dense city center) issues. Our results show that residents saw IGS as places able to provide a range of services, mostly of the regulating type, and even minor design interventions can improve the attractiveness of IGS. Taking this into account, we conclude that IGS are important vegetated areas in the city, which can be complementary to formal greenery. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32395422/ doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102236 id: cord-138886-8zwjdlrt author: Xu, Yanyan title: Deconstructing laws of accessibility and facility distribution in cities date: 2020-07-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The era of the automobile has seriously degraded the quality of urban life through costly travel and visible environmental effects. A new urban planning paradigm must be at the heart of our roadmap for the years to come. The one where, within minutes, inhabitants can access their basic living needs by bike or by foot. In this work, we present novel insights of the interplay between the distributions of facilities and population that maximize accessibility over the existing road networks. Results in six cities reveal that travel costs could be reduced in half through redistributing facilities. In the optimal scenario, the average travel distance can be modeled as a functional form of the number of facilities and the population density. As an application of this finding, it is possible to estimate the number of facilities needed for reaching a desired average travel distance given the population distribution in a city. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.08832v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-262832-5iejckwx author: Yen, Muh-Yong title: Taipei''s Use of a Multi-Channel Mass Risk Communication Program to Rapidly Reverse an Epidemic of Highly Communicable Disease date: 2009-11-23 words: 5998.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262832-5iejckwx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262832-5iejckwx.txt summary: In launching countermeasures to bring the AHC outbreak under control, the Taipei Department of Health was also able to test its system and fine-tune its public health response for future EIDs. To evaluate the effectiveness of these intervention measures, daily surveillance was conducted to analyze the incidence rate and temporal-spatial distribution of new AHC cases. This risk communication program focused on communicating directly to the public through three routes: (1) schools delivered a Taipei Department of Health letter signed by the mayor (that detailed AHC information and prevention methods) for students to take home to their parents, (2) the mayor held a press conference to discuss the epidemic and offer guidance to citizens for preventing the spread of the disease, and (3) over 2.2 million short message services (SMS) messages, a communication tool for exchanging short text messages between mobile telephonic devices, were delivered to all Taipei mobile phone numbers. abstract: BACKGROUND: In September 2007, an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) occurred in Keelung City and spread to Taipei City. In response to the epidemic, a new crisis management program was implemented and tested in Taipei. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Having noticed that transmission surged on weekends during the Keelung epidemic, Taipei City launched a multi-channel mass risk communications program that included short message service (SMS) messages sent directly to approximately 2.2 million Taipei residents on Friday, October 12th, 2007. The public was told to keep symptomatic students from schools and was provided guidelines for preventing the spread of the disease at home. Epidemiological characteristics of Taipei's outbreak were analyzed from 461 sampled AHC cases. Median time from exposure to onset of the disease was 1 day. This was significantly shorter for cases occurring in family clusters than in class clusters (mean±SD: 2.6±3.2 vs. 4.39±4.82 days, p = 0.03), as well as for cases occurring in larger family clusters as opposed to smaller ones (1.2±1.7 days vs. 3.9±4.0 days, p<0.01). Taipei's program had a significant impact on patient compliance. Home confinement of symptomatic children increased from 10% to 60% (p<0.05) and helped curb the spread of AHC. Taipei experienced a rapid decrease in AHC cases between the Friday of the SMS announcement and the following Monday, October 15, (0.70% vs. 0.36%). By October 26, AHC cases reduced to 0.01%. The success of this risk communication program in Taipei (as compared to Keelung) is further reflected through rapid improvements in three epidemic indicators: (1) significantly lower crude attack rates (1.95% vs. 14.92%, p<0.001), (2) a short epidemic period of AHC (13 vs. 34 days), and (3) a quick drop in risk level (1∼2 weeks) in Taipei districts that border Keelung (the original domestic epicenter). CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: The timely launch of this systematic, communication-based intervention proved effective at preventing a dangerous spike in AHC and was able to bring this high-risk disease under control. We recommend that public health officials incorporate similar methods into existing guidelines for preventing pandemic influenza and other emerging infectious diseases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956722/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007962 id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet author: nan title: Section II: Poster Sessions date: 2017-12-01 words: 83515.0 sentences: 5162.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt summary: Results: The CHIP Framework The CHIP framework aims to improve the health and wellness of the urban communities served by St. Josephs Health Centre through four intersecting pillars: • Raising Community Voices provides an infrastructure and process that supports community stakeholder input into health care service planning, decision-making, and delivery by the hospital and across the continuum of care; • Sharing Reciprocal Capacity promotes healthy communities through the sharing of our intellectual and physical capacity with our community partners; • Cultivating Integration Initiatives facilitates vertical, horizontal, and intersectoral integration initiatives in support of community-identified needs and gaps; and • Facilitating Healthy Exchange develops best practices in community integration through community-based research, and facilitates community voice in informing public policy. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711696/ doi: 10.1093/jurban/jti137 id: cord-265628-47dvjaa9 author: nan title: Administrative boundaries and urban areas in Italy: A perspective from scaling laws date: 2020-08-13 words: 10851.0 sentences: 535.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265628-47dvjaa9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265628-47dvjaa9.txt summary: Relying on open data for population, settlements and road networks, we showed the extent to which scaling relations hold for different boundaries for urban areas, and how they compare to each other. Area-population data for administrative boundaries can be reconciled with scaling relations valid for both the world''s cities data and with those obtained from natural cities, provided an effective area is adopted in place of polygon planimetric area of municipalities. Starting from the highest ranking, one can select all of the adjacent (surrounding) municipalities and try and find a candidate polygon to be merged with the central one, based on two requirements: (i) the aggregate areas and populations of the candidate mergers have a representative point in the (P A , ) plane which is closer to the scaling law than both the starting points, and (ii) the two candidates for the merger are connected by an urban area, as obtained by the method natural cities. abstract: Delineating boundaries of urban areas is no easy task, due to the inherent complexity of the problem, heterogeneity of relevant data and little consensus on how to properly measure the results. Any such delineation must eventually be cast onto administrative boundaries, an essential requirement for real-world applications. In the effort of relating administrative and alternative boundaries, we investigated in Italy the validity of general scaling laws, such as the area-population relation, and proposed a practical application. Relying on open data for population, settlements and road networks, we showed the extent to which scaling relations hold for different boundaries for urban areas, and how they compare to each other. We considered, beside Italian municipalities, urban areas based on the idea of “natural cities”, obtained using head/tail breaks of areas related to human mobility as an explicit indicator of existence of a city. Area-population data for administrative boundaries can be reconciled with scaling relations valid for both the world’s cities data and with those obtained from natural cities, provided an effective area is adopted in place of polygon planimetric area of municipalities. We eventually proposed an aggregation of administrative units using the empirical scaling relation as an objective function for accepting or rejecting pairwise fusion of boundaries. We suggest considering such a method, along with expert considerations, as an additional tool for real-world urban planning as seen from the very general perspective of seemingly abstract scaling laws. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204619310448 doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103906 id: cord-266363-x9872ykd author: van der Hoeven, Arno title: The spatial value of live music: Performing, (re)developing and narrating urban spaces date: 2020-10-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This paper examines the spatial value of live popular music by adopting an inter-disciplinary approach grounded in urban and music studies. What is understood of the relationship between live music and the built environment is improved, with a focus on how this cultural form contributes to performing, (re)developing and narrating urban spaces. The post-industrial city has become a stage for events that serve a wide range of social, cultural, economic and spatial objectives. However, the densification of the built environment has led to a debate about the extent to which live music’s positive outcomes outweigh the nuisance experienced by residents in terms of noise and the unavailability of public spaces. Furthermore, small venues in many cities are struggling with issues of gentrification, implying that the spatial value of music is part of wider concerns about who owns the city and which forms of culture can be produced and consumed in urban centres. Against this background, the paper asks the following questions concerning the spatial value of live music: how can it be defined? What are the challenges to achieving it? How can it be supported in urban planning? The study is grounded in a qualitative content analysis of 24 live music reports and strategies, as well as 10 in-depth interviews with policymakers, festival organisers and venue owners. Also discussed is how the spatial value of live music can be supported in urban policies by building interdisciplinary networks, establishing strategies, and creating and sustaining places for live music events. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33100368/ doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.09.016 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel