# pos

id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/cdc-director-rejects-labelchinese-virus-after-trump-mccarthy-tweets/2020/03/10/58bd086c-62e5-11ea-b3fc-7841686c5c57_story.html

lemma:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/cdc-director-rejects-labelchinese-virus-after-trump-mccarthy-tweets/2020/03/10/58bd086c-62e5-11ea-b3fc-7841686c5c57_story.html


id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
pos: NNPS
token:
  https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-01/chinaconcealed-extent-of-virus-outbreak-u-s-intelligence-says

lemma:
  https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-01/chinaconcealed-extent-of-virus-outbreak-u-s-intelligence-says


id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/trump-confident-coronavirus-originated-chinese-lab-200501003915123.html

lemma:
  https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/trump-confident-coronavirus-originated-chinese-lab-200501003915123.html


id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.state.gov/secretary-michael-r-pompeowith-martha-raddatz-of-abcs-this-week-with-george-stephanopoulos/.

lemma:
  https://www.state.gov/secretary-michael-r-pompeowith-martha-raddatz-of-abcs-this-week-with-george-stephanopoulos/.


id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-01/chinastate-media-propaganda-video-mock-us-coronavirus/12204836

lemma:
  https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-01/chinastate-media-propaganda-video-mock-us-coronavirus/12204836


id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3082687/trumpthreatens-phase-one-trade-deal-if-china-us200

lemma:
  https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3082687/trumpthreatens-phase-one-trade-deal-if-china-us200


id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.economist.com/united-states/2020/05/09/there-isless-trust-between-washington-and-beijing-than-at-any-point-since-1979

lemma:
  https://www.economist.com/united-states/2020/05/09/there-isless-trust-between-washington-and-beijing-than-at-any-point-since-1979


id: cord-337546-60xq8dpg
pos: JJ
token:
  https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/taiwans-coronavirus-response-hits-obstacles-set-bychinese-government/.

lemma:
  https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/taiwans-coronavirus-response-hits-obstacles-set-bychinese-government/.


# ent

id: cord-002583-cgcf7mgj
type: ORG
entity:
  the Regulation for the Administration of Affairs concerning Experimental Animals of the People s Republic of China


id: cord-013405-68777jts
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Importance of Genuineness in Public Engagement An Exploratory Study of Pediatric Communication on Social Media


id: cord-017225-6ofi6mg5
type: LAW
entity:
  Article 49 of the Law of the People s Republic of China on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests 1993


id: cord-017225-6ofi6mg5
type: ORG
entity:
  China Economics and Management Academy See the Declaration of Alma Ata Privatization and Its Discontents The Evolving Chinese Health Care System


id: cord-017225-6ofi6mg5
type: LAW
entity:
  Article 19 University of Pennsylvania Press London Philadelphia Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights Twentieth Session 1999


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type: ORG
entity:
  a Tool for Health Research A Systematic Review Using Twitter to Measure Public Discussion of Diseases


id: cord-003612-bp7sray2
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  China Statistical Report on Internet Development National Health and Family Planning Commission Announcement of Implementing the Healthcare Services Improvement Initiative National Health and Family Planning Commission


id: cord-235946-6vu34vce
type: ORG
entity:
  the Office of Naval Research ONR Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Award N000140811186 Award N000141812108


id: cord-253182-s60vzf3q
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Annual Report of Notifiable Diseases Statistical Yearbook Prevalence and Risk Factors for Frailty among Community Dwelling Older People in China


id: cord-253182-s60vzf3q
type: ORG
entity:
  the State Council Healthcare Reform Office National Health and Family Planning commission National Development Reform Commission Healthy China Action Plan


id: cord-253182-s60vzf3q
type: ORG
entity:
  the National Health Commission of the People s Republic of China National Health Commission of the People s Republic of China


id: cord-253182-s60vzf3q
type: ORG
entity:
  China National Health and Family Planning Commission National Basic Public Health Services Guideline Official


id: cord-024111-7yrftdp4
type: ORG
entity:
  RNA Seq Quantification of Hepatic Drug Processing Genes in Germ Free Mice Regulation of Hepatic Drug Metabolizing Enzymes


id: cord-024111-7yrftdp4
type: ORG
entity:
  Microwave Assisted Extraction Purification Partial Characterization and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides


id: cord-024111-7yrftdp4
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  anthocyanins chalcones dihydrochalcones flavanols flavanones flavones flavonols isoflavones flavan 3 ols flavan 3 4 diols aurones


id: cord-022467-j2trahab
type: DISEASE
entity:
  rhinovirus coronavirus adenovirus respiratory syncytial virus RSV influenza virus and parainfluenza virus 101 121 139 Transmission varies


id: cord-022316-mh4pslnv
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Special Report Number 18 Tourism After Special Report Number 25 Fifth Meeting of the Tourism Recovery Committee


id: cord-022161-quns9b84
type: ORG
entity:
  an Emerging Primary Institution of International Society Annual Convention of the International Studies Association Asia and Global Health Governance Power Principles and Practice


id: cord-019032-vdiaexbw
type: DNA
entity:
  Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Yunnan Shaanxi Gansu Hebei Henan Shandong Sichuan Xinjiang and Shanxi Roman Catholicism


id: cord-019032-vdiaexbw
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Hu Jintao Era New Leaders New Challenges The People s Republic of Amnesia Tiananmen Revisited Chinese Foreign Policy


id: cord-019032-vdiaexbw
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Struggle for Survival Social and Political Development in Post Reform China Age of Ambition Chasing Fortune Truth and Faith


id: cord-264675-w8ptpg0b
type: LAW
entity:
  Pharmacopoeia of the People s Republic of China China Medical Science and Technology Press Characterization


id: cord-034118-zwlugvlk
type: GPE
entity:
  the People s Republic of China Dynamic Gravity Endogenous Country Size and Asset Accumulation Conflict


id: cord-021375-lca26xum
type: ORG
entity:
  Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease Is There a Link An Epidemic of Absence A New Way of Understanding Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases


id: cord-030959-olcz7g19
type: EVENT
entity:
  the International Academic Seminar on Industrial Cooperation and Construction of Industrial Zones CPEC Peking University Beijing


id: cord-258792-4lakgpxp
type: ORG
entity:
  Mass Mobilization in World Health Organization Western Pacific Region SARS How a Global Epidemic Was Stopped China Rejects Internet Claims of Human Cases National Insecurities Humiliation Salvation


id: cord-248932-i1v2lyd2
type: ORG
entity:
  COVID 19 Types Sources And Claims Of Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism A Brief History Of


id: cord-257749-eyhsc8q8
type: GGP
entity:
  Alzheimer s disease Isobavachalcone significantly inhibits both oligomerization and fibrillarization of Aβ42


id: cord-257749-eyhsc8q8
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Wealth of India A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products CSIR Phytopharmacological


id: cord-257749-eyhsc8q8
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  coumarins furanocoumarins flavonoids polyphenols isoflavones meroterpenes chalcones phenols phenolic cinnamates phenylpropene sterols terpenes tocopherols benzofurans sesquiterpenes acids fatty acids alkyl aldehydes alcohols


id: cord-257749-eyhsc8q8
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Meroterpenoids V Psoralea corylifolia Linn 4 2 3 Epoxybakuchiol A1 3 hydroxybakuchiol and A3 2 hydroxybakuchiol


id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  mfa_eng xwfw_665399 s2510_665401 2511_665403 t1746893 shtmlAccessed 10 July 2020 9 Pompeo Michael R 2020


id: cord-275171-uokqn2u8
type: ORG
entity:
  Biodiversity Working Group of China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development BWG


id: cord-260565-cdthfl5f
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Report on Global Surveillance of Epidemic prone Infectious Diseases Types of Surveillance Roles and Responsibilities in Preparedness and Response Development


id: cord-280691-nzc8ir0n
type: ORG
entity:
  the General Office of the State Council Ministry of Science and Technology the Ministry of Public Health


id: cord-021179-sctzn7i7
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  China Radio International China Central Television Xinhua News Agency People s Daily China Daily Global Times


id: cord-277446-0e6akcjf
type: ORG
entity:
  International Students for Academic Year Ministry of Education of People s Republic of China Interim


id: cord-271853-wexe9gq0
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Accelerate the Implementation of Periodic Tax and Fee Reduction to Stabilize Employment How to Revive


id: cord-278817-dfxly2qg
type: DISEASE
entity:
  influenza A H1N1 virus rapidly spread from China to many countries around the world prompting the World


id: cord-278817-dfxly2qg
type: DISEASE
entity:
  influenza A H1N1 virus global epidemiological situation Systematic review of clinical and epidemiological features of the pandemic influenza A H1N1


id: cord-014597-66vd2mdu
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  secretory phospholipase A2 sPLA2 lysophospholipid acyltransferase LPEAT lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase LPCAT


id: cord-014597-66vd2mdu
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Sk Hep 1 human cell line ZIP 14049 900 Brazil 3 Department of Clinical Toxicological and Food Science Analysis Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto Human cell lines


id: cord-014597-66vd2mdu
type: ORG
entity:
  the 25th European Society for Animal Cell Technology Meeting Cell Technologies for Innovative Therapies


id: cord-014597-66vd2mdu
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus Efficient gene transfer into human hepatocytes by baculovirus vectors


id: cord-278083-ut2ssdbz
type: DNA
entity:
  Yanhua Hao 17 Feng Han 11 Ning 10 Yadong Wang 10 Zheng Kang 8 Ying Liu 6 Jincheng Ma 6 Mingli Jiao 5 and Libo Liang 5


id: cord-287262-gkolbiil
type: EVENT
entity:
  Xiyanping injection Xuebijing injection Reduning injection Tanreqing injection Xingnaojing injection Shenfu


id: cord-266211-cz7m1iqk
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  China 1992 China 2002 China 1992 China 1993 China 1994 China 1995 China 1996 China 1997 China 1998 China 1999 China 2000 China 2001 China 2002 Submitted 34 23 14 37 10 25 14 60 56 67


id: cord-266211-cz7m1iqk
type: ORG
entity:
  China Section of Interventional Cardiology Chinese Society of Cardiology Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cardiology A


id: cord-287135-m73nepej
type: ORG
entity:
  the United Nations Statistics Division UNSD the Statistical Office of the European Communities EUROSTAT


id: cord-279227-l6keimm5
type: GGP
entity:
  Rev DOI 10 1186 s13643 020 01432 4 sha 60f30e261400ca928c78a88d8861754a7468d91d doc_id 279227 cord_uid l6keimm5 BACKGROUND


id: cord-279227-l6keimm5
type: ORG
entity:
  PubMed Embase Chinese Biomedical Literature Database CBM China National Knowledge Infrastructure CNKI Chinese Science and Technology Periodical


id: cord-279227-l6keimm5
type: ORG
entity:
  The National Guideline Clearinghouse NGC Guidelines International Network GIN National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence


id: cord-279227-l6keimm5
type: ORG
entity:
  the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team


id: cord-273941-gu6nnv9d
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  alkaline phosphatase ALPL carbonic anhydrase 7 CA7 coagulation factor X F10 DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 RAD51 GSTM1 protein GSTM1 beta secretase


id: cord-273941-gu6nnv9d
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  proteinase 3CL PRO arginase beta lactamase AmpC glutathione reductase M18 aspartyl aminopeptidase malate dehydrogenase


id: cord-273941-gu6nnv9d
type: GGP
entity:
  RAD51 GSTM1 protein GSTM1 beta secretase 1 BACE1 plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 SERPINE1 prothrombin F2 regulator of G protein


id: cord-273941-gu6nnv9d
type: GGP
entity:
  quercetin 1 2 3 4 6 pentagalloyoglucose 1 2 3 6 tetrakis O galloyl beta D glucose bellericagenin A1 and prodelphinidin A1


id: cord-273941-gu6nnv9d
type: DISEASE
entity:
  punicalins terflavin B 4 O S flavogallonyl 6 O galloylbeta D glucopyranose and 4 6 O S S gallagyl alpha beta D glucopyranose


id: cord-033146-2v1kuq50
type: DNA
entity:
  Trade War and COVID 19 date 2020 10 04 journal Fudan J DOI 10 1007 s40647 020 00302 6 sha a4a06f25940a49eb06b517f6563e21e462b6e081 doc_id 33146 cord_uid 2v1kuq50


id: cord-033146-2v1kuq50
type: ORG
entity:
  The US China Trade War Dominance of Trade or Technology Territorial Disputes and Nationalism A Comparative Case Study of China


id: cord-033146-2v1kuq50
type: ORG
entity:
  Construction Dynamics of Modern Chinese Nationalism Conflict Management and Peace Science Nations and Nationalism and Studies


id: cord-272465-i2l4cq8h
type: GGP
entity:
  Alzheimer s disease Inositol and IP3 levels regulate autophagy Biology and therapeutic speculations Lithium


id: cord-272465-i2l4cq8h
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Nelumbo nucifera Syzygium samarangense Mallotus philippensis Rhizoma anemarrhenae Radix glehniae Radix ophiopogonis Radix glycyrrhizae Radix dipsaci Radix ginseng Radix codonopsis Rhizoma


id: cord-272465-i2l4cq8h
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Rhizoma alismatis Cortex magnoliae officinalis Fructus piperis longi Radix salviae miltiorrhizae Rhizoma chuanxiong Garcinia hanburyi Radix


id: cord-272465-i2l4cq8h
type: DISEASE
entity:
  neurodegenerative disorders Nelumbo nucifera Mallotus philippensis Rhizoma anemarrhenae Radix ginseng Radix tripterygii wilfordii


id: cord-272465-i2l4cq8h
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  bangladeshi fruits Artocarpus heterophyllus Annona squamosa Terminalia bellirica Syzygium samarangense Averrhoa carambola and Olea europa


id: cord-282298-8tcw3cll
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  umbellate polysaccharides ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide anisodamine tanshinone trichosanthin tetrahydropalmatine tetrandrine rubidate ilexonin A


id: cord-299007-5m6lk409
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  2carboxymethyl 4 30 hydroxybutyl furan dipicolinic acid C pseudomilitaris Bioxanthracenes C brunnearubra Cordyformamide C sinclairii 2S 3S 4R E 2 Amino 3 4 dihydroxy 2hydroxymethyl 14 oxoeicos 6 enoic acid C


id: cord-299007-5m6lk409
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Cordyceps sinensis Berk Sacc Medicinal mushrooms a selective overview Combined effects of Cordyceps sinensis


id: cord-269958-nj0ub9in
type: DISEASE
entity:
  independence movements to xenophobic and antiimmigrant expressions within an existing state The current form of nationalist governance


id: cord-284946-3y16j3ts
type: DNA
entity:
  Neo Middle Ages Modern Language Quarterly The Old World Background to European Colonial Slavery The William and Mary Quarterly The Origins Debate Slavery and Racism in Seventeenth Century Virginia The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography International Convention


id: cord-284946-3y16j3ts
type: ORG
entity:
  The Sociology of Discrimination Racial Discrimination in Employment Housing Credit and Consumer Markets


id: cord-300517-41pr3dwa
type: ORG
entity:
  the Programs Foundation for Leading Talents in State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China


id: cord-262201-4pab383g
type: DISEASE
entity:
  influenza A H1N1 v in Spain The transmissibility and control of pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus Epidemiology of influenza High levels of adamantane resistance among influenza A H3N2 viruses


id: cord-287283-t1hnswsq
type: ORG
entity:
  Brain Death China Category II Organ Donation after Circulatory Death China Category III Organ Donation


id: cord-287283-t1hnswsq
type: ORG
entity:
  the Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights of the Committee on International Relations House of Representatives


id: cord-303217-xdi9b6a7
type: DISEASE
entity:
  farmed bear bile included powder capsules ointments tablets tinctures wines suppositories eye drops and bile tea Bear bile


id: cord-290412-m6fesoyb
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  growth factors 1 IGF 1 phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase PI3K extracellular signal regulated kinase ERK p38 mitogen activated protein kinase p38


id: cord-290412-m6fesoyb
type: DISEASE
entity:
  viral hepatitis nonalcoholic fatty liver alcoholic liver disease autoimmune liver disease schistosomiasis liver disease


id: cord-296717-ay4wcmk3
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  A Look into the Factor Model Black Box Publication Lags and the Role of Hard and Soft Data in Forecasting GDP


id: cord-296717-ay4wcmk3
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Measure Return Volatility Volatility Clustering in Financial Markets Empirical Facts and Agent Based Models


id: cord-296717-ay4wcmk3
type: ORG
entity:
  the Information Content of Stock Index Options Support Vector Machines Optimization Based Theory Algorithms and Extensions Asymmetric Pricing of Implied Systematic Volatility


id: cord-296717-ay4wcmk3
type: ORG
entity:
  Discovering Public Sentiment in Social Media for Predicting Stock Movement of Publicly Listed Companies Volatility


id: cord-310210-f2wb3er0
type: ORG
entity:
  dystonia Development and Validation of a Tool to Assess the Quality of Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations A Reporting Tool for Practice Guidelines


id: cord-310210-f2wb3er0
type: ORG
entity:
  the Analysis of Latent Structural Model A Large Scale Multi Center Urine Biomarkers Identification of Coronary Heart Disease


id: cord-304490-q9ab1pji
type: ORG
entity:
  China s Global Interdependence International Reserves Capital Inflows Financial Market Transmission and Exchange Rate Determination


id: cord-319016-ymypvg6k
type: ORG
entity:
  Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of science and technology Professional Commission of geriatric medicine


id: cord-311353-ozqfsuh8
type: ORG
entity:
  IHR Emergency Committee on Novel Coronavirus National Health Commission of the People s Republic of China Pneumonia Infected


id: cord-310232-n10ciwy6
type: ORG
entity:
  Validation of a Visual Analogue Scale for Pain and Anxiety Measurement in Childbirth Unpublished Doctoral


id: cord-314538-l4ek54cu
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  mannose binding glucose mannose binding Nacetylglucosamine binding galactose binding Nacetylgalactosamine binding fucose


id: cord-322575-3goj00ej
type: ORG
entity:
  the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health and Harlan Laboratories


id: cord-322575-3goj00ej
type: ORG
entity:
  the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health and Harlan Laboratories Inc


id: cord-323261-1of5ertf
type: ORG
entity:
  Operations United Nation Security Council United Nations General Assembly United Nations General Assembly Political Declaration on HIV AIDS


id: cord-314205-6d5yloxp
type: GGP
entity:
  growth 2 7 9 16 17 18 Health and medical technology capacity building and transfer exchanges and mutual learning


id: cord-314205-6d5yloxp
type: ORG
entity:
  China Africa Health Development Initiatives Benefits and Implications for Shaping Innovative and Evidence


id: cord-314205-6d5yloxp
type: ORG
entity:
  China Africa Development Cooperation Identity Transformation and System Reconstruction Global Health Governance and Mechanism for China


id: cord-316853-vaea6siv
type: DNA
entity:
  CES D 40 Beck Depression Inventory Beck 41 Beck Depression Inventory 2nd ed BDI II 42 Hospital Anxiety


id: cord-336753-4212ftlc
type: GGP
entity:
  Sin B DOI 10 1016 j apsb 2020 05 007 sha f436eb0cdcc653135a5dc106752cf01f7e6b01b4 doc_id 336753 cord_uid 4212ftlc As coronavirus disease 2019 COVID 19 pandemic poses a substantial global public health threat traditional Chinese medicine TCM


id: cord-322908-e3gok0ot
type: ORG
entity:
  the Past Possible Urgent Prevention and Treatment Options for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Caused


id: cord-322908-e3gok0ot
type: ORG
entity:
  Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome


id: cord-322908-e3gok0ot
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Caution Needed on the Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for Coronavirus Disease Controlled Trial of Ebola Virus Disease Therapeutics Coronavirus Susceptibility to the Antiviral Remdesivir GS 5734


id: cord-322908-e3gok0ot
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Molecular Modeling Evaluation of the Binding Effect of Ritonavir Lopinavir and Darunavir to Severe Acute


id: cord-323479-vlgv3nwq
type: ORG
entity:
  the Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy


id: cord-323479-vlgv3nwq
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  dioxindole glucosides dioxindole malonylglucoside Isatan C 6 hydroxyindole 3 carboxylic acid 6 O glucoside


id: cord-323479-vlgv3nwq
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  p hydroxybenzoic o methoxybenzoic p methoxybenzoic dihydrocaffeic and 4 hydroxy 3 methoxyphenylpropanoic acid


id: cord-323479-vlgv3nwq
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  acids alcohols aldehydes esters ethers furans hydrocarbons isothiocyanates thiocyanates ketones nitriles


id: cord-323479-vlgv3nwq
type: DISEASE
entity:
  influenza virus infected human bronchial epithelial cells Radix Isatidis polysaccharides inhibit Influenza A virus and Influenza A virus


id: cord-340119-af8i359n
type: GGP
entity:
  interferon α lopinavir ritonavir and ribavirin however the curative effect remains unsatisfactory Chinese medicine


id: cord-340119-af8i359n
type: ORG
entity:
  Beijing Municipal Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Notice of Beijing Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine


id: cord-350443-ca5avyjf
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Trends in Notifiable Infectious Diseases in China Implications for Surveillance and Population Health Policy date 2012


id: cord-343163-khnyx9qu
type: ORG
entity:
  Beijing State Oceanic Administration Publication Outline of the Planning of National Marine Economy Development Beijing State Oceanic Administration


id: cord-343163-khnyx9qu
type: ORG
entity:
  USA National Ocean Economics Project World Health Organization Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Severe


id: cord-333119-vu4qbcy1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan Yin Against the COVID 19 Pandemic date 2020 09 25


id: cord-333119-vu4qbcy1
type: ORG
entity:
  the Promotion of Hepatic Autophagy A Trial of Lopinavir Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid 19


id: cord-333119-vu4qbcy1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Experimental Lung Injury Reduces Krüppel like Factor 2 to Increase Endothelial Permeability via Regulation of RAPGEF3


id: cord-333119-vu4qbcy1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Feasibility Analysis of Moxibustion Whole Process Intervention in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID


id: cord-333119-vu4qbcy1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Practical Thinking of the Theory of Chinese Medicine Preventive Treatment of Disease Analysis of Volatile Components of Ephedra from Different Places Based


id: cord-337546-60xq8dpg
type: ORG
entity:
  The International Socialization of the New Southbound Policy A Taiwanese Vision for a Free and Open Indo Pacific Region


id: cord-353185-aapg75af
type: ORG
entity:
  China Africa Health Development Initiatives Benefits and Implications for Shaping Innovative and Evidenceinformed National Health Policies and Programs


id: cord-355120-fg8iqhxq
type: CHEBI
entity:
  ethyl R rha 1 3 4 Ac rha R rha 1 3 4 Ac rha 1 6 gal R rha 1 3 rha 1 6 gal R rha 1 3 4 Ac rha 1 6 gal R rha 1 3 rha 1 6


id: cord-355120-fg8iqhxq
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Herba Patriniae Caprifoliaceae A Review on Traditional uses Phytochemistry Pharmacology and Quality Control


id: cord-355120-fg8iqhxq
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch R xyl 1 3 rha 1 2 ara R rha 1 2 xyl R gIu 1 3 rha 1 2 ara R xyl 1 3 rha 1 2 ara R glu 1 4 xyl 1 3 rha 1 2 xyl 14 R xyl 15 R rha 1 2 xyl 16 R H 17 R xyl 1 3 rha 1 2 xyl R gIu 1 3 rha 1 2 ara 19 R H 20 R xyl 1 3 rha 1 2 xyl R glu 1 4 xyl 1 3 rha 1 2 xyl R glu 1 4 xyl 1 3 rha 1 2 ara R xyl 1 3 rha 1 4 xyl R glu 1 4 ara 1 3 rha 1 4 xyl R xyl 1 4 glu 1 3 ara R rha 1 2 xyl R xyl 1 3 rha 1 2 xyl R xyl 1 3 rha 1 2 xyl R xyl 1 3 rha 1 2 ara R rha 1 2 ara R glu 1 3 rha 1 2 ara R rha 1 2 ara R xyl 1 3 rha 1 2 ara R glu 1 3 rha 1 2 ara 4 dihydroxyphenyl ethyl 70 R 7 R 3 4 dihydroxyphenyl ethyl 71 R 7 S 3 4 dihydroxyphenyl ethyl 72 R 7 S 3 4 dihydroxyphenyl ethyl R rha 1 3 4 Ac rha R rha 1 3 4 Ac rha 1 6 gal R rha 1 3 rha 1 6 gal R rha 1 3 4 Ac rha 1 6 gal R rha 1 3 rha 1 6 The water extract


# url

id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/cdc-director-rejects-labelchinese-virus-after-trump-mccarthy-tweets/2020/03/10/58bd086c-62e5-11ea-b3fc-7841686c5c57_story.html


id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
domain: www.bloomberg.com
url:
  http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-01/chinaconcealed-extent-of-virus-outbreak-u-s-intelligence-says


id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
domain: www.aljazeera.com
url:
  http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/trump-confident-coronavirus-originated-chinese-lab-200501003915123.html


id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
domain: www.state.gov
url:
  http://www.state.gov/secretary-michael-r-pompeowith-martha-raddatz-of-abcs-this-week-with-george-stephanopoulos/


id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
domain: www.abc.net.au
url:
  http://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-01/chinastate-media-propaganda-video-mock-us-coronavirus/12204836


id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
domain: www.scmp.com
url:
  http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3082687/trumpthreatens-phase-one-trade-deal-if-china-us200


id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
domain: www.economist.com
url:
  http://www.economist.com/united-states/2020/05/09/there-isless-trust-between-washington-and-beijing-than-at-any-point-since-1979


id: cord-337546-60xq8dpg
domain: thediplomat.com
url:
  http://thediplomat.com/2020/02/taiwans-coronavirus-response-hits-obstacles-set-bychinese-government/


# bib

id: cord-002583-cgcf7mgj
author: Zhuo, Xun-hui
date: 2017-06-01
txt: ./txt/cord-002583-cgcf7mgj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-002583-cgcf7mgj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1631/jzus.B1600316.pdf
doi: 10.1631/jzus.b1600316
summary:
  The results showed that the survival time of mice in the 500 mg Chinese herbs group and sulfadiazine group was significantly longer than that of the PBS control group. Also the parasite load in blood and tissues of 500 mg Chinese herbs and sulfadiazine groups was significantly lower than that of PBS group at 7 days post infection (dpi), which was in accordance with the result of histological detection. Results of spleen, lung, and liver tissues presented a similar pattern in that parasite loads were all largely increased from 3 to 7 dpi, and mice of the PBS control group had statistically significantly higher parasite load compared with sulfadiazine and 500 mg Chinese herb groups (P<0.05). The lungs of sulfadiazine and Chinese herbs-treated mice possessed a significantly lower parasite load than that of the PBS control group (P<0.05) and the histological result verified this from the morphological perspective.

title:
  Evaluation of potential anti-toxoplasmosis efficiency of combined traditional herbs in a mouse model

abstract:
  Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide spread protozoan and is able to infect almost all warm-blood animals. No effective drugs are available clinically on toxoplasmosis. Chinese traditional herbal medicines have provided remedies for many health problems. There exists a possibility that Chinese herbs may provide protection against T. gondii. This work aims to assess the protective efficacy of combined Chinese herbs against T. gondii. We screened five herbal medicines that have different pharmacological effects and combined them into a prescription according to the traditional Chinese medicine compatibility principle. The drug potential and protective efficacy were evaluated through a mouse model by determining the survival time, the parasite load in blood and tissues, the change of cell proportions in blood and histological detection. The results showed that the survival time of mice in the 500 mg Chinese herbs group and sulfadiazine group was significantly longer than that of the PBS control group. Also the parasite load in blood and tissues of 500 mg Chinese herbs and sulfadiazine groups was significantly lower than that of PBS group at 7 days post infection (dpi), which was in accordance with the result of histological detection. Monocyte and neutrophil of infected mice were remarkably increased while lymphocyte was dramatically decreased compared to that of blank group at 7 dpi. The results demonstrated that the 500 mg dosage of our Chinese herbs could slow down the replication of T. gondii and prolong the survival time of mice and could be considered as possible candidate drug against toxoplasmosis.


id: cord-002918-jmjtr1pb
title: Chinese research into severe ulcerative colitis has increased in quantity and complexity
author: Luo, Cheng-Xin
date: 2018-03-16
txt: ./txt/cord-002918-jmjtr1pb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-002918-jmjtr1pb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5852397/
doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i3.35
summary:
  AIM: To investigate the current state of research output from Chinese studies into severe ulcerative colitis (SUC) using a bibliometric analysis of publications. Chinese research into severe ulcerative colitis studies and clinical trials over the study period (P < 0.01), with research into the management of SUC, included pharmacotherapy, nutrition support as well as surgery, predominating. Almost half (46.2%) of the observational analytical studies and clinical trials focused on Traditional Chinese Medicine, with little research on the efficacy of cyclosporin and infliximab in disease management. The aim of this study is to perform a bibliometric analysis to determine the temporal trends in the number of Chinese publications on UC and SUC (2001) (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) (2012) (2013) (2014) (2015) , to assess the overall SUC research performance; to provide a review of the data on treatment type and efficacy in SUC patients that has been reported in Chinese medical journals.

abstract:
  AIM: To investigate the current state of research output from Chinese studies into severe ulcerative colitis (SUC) using a bibliometric analysis of publications. METHODS: The contents of the Chinese periodical databases WANFANG, VIP, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for all papers regarding UC or SUC published in last the 15 years (from 2001 to 2015). The number of publications in each year was recorded to assess the temporal trends of research output. All SUC related publications were downloaded and the complexity of this research was evaluated with methods described previously. The number of patients with SUC reported each year was recorded and their clinical characteristics were analyzed using information available in the relevant papers. RESULTS: There were 13499 publications regarding UC published in Chinese medical journals between 2001 and 2015, of which 201 focused on SUC. The number of publications increased rapidly with more than half of all papers being published in the most recent 5-year period. There was a significant increase in analytical studies and clinical trials over the study period (P < 0.01), with research into the management of SUC, included pharmacotherapy, nutrition support as well as surgery, predominating. Almost half (46.2%) of the observational analytical studies and clinical trials focused on Traditional Chinese Medicine, with little research on the efficacy of cyclosporin and infliximab in disease management. About 6222 patients with SUC were reported in the 201 SUC relevant papers, with a ratio of male/female of 1.38. The number of patients reported in each 5-year period significantly increased. The colectomy rate and short-term mortality rate were 7.7% and 0.8% respectively. The most commonly employed operation was total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. CONCLUSION: The output and complexity of research related to SUC in China increased significantly over the previous 15 years, however few of these studies focused on salvage therapy.


id: cord-003612-bp7sray2
title: Public Perception on Healthcare Services: Evidence from Social Media Platforms in China
author: Hu, Guangyu
date: 2019-04-10
txt: ./txt/cord-003612-bp7sray2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-003612-bp7sray2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6479867/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph16071273
summary:
  Several researchers studied patient experience, based on the comments posted by patients from online health communities in China [21, 22] , but few studies have been conducted to gather information on healthcare services related topics using social media data. The objectives of this study are to conduct volume and sentiment analyses base on the extracted social media contents on hospital healthcare services. Our results showed that patient safety was the most significant topic for users of Chinese social media platforms, followed by information technology and service efficiency. Our results showed that patient safety was the most significant topic for users of Chinese social media platforms, followed by information technology and service efficiency. By analyzing shared information from WeChat and Qzone, this study showed that patient safety was the most concerned topic for users of Chinese social media platform, followed by information technology and service efficiency, while the doctor-patient relationship was found to have the highest proportion of negative comments.

abstract:
  Social media has been used as data resource in a growing number of health-related research. The objectives of this study were to identify content volume and sentiment polarity of social media records relevant to healthcare services in China. A list of the key words of healthcare services were used to extract data from WeChat and Qzone, between June 2017 and September 2017. The data were put into a corpus, where content analyses were performed using Tencent natural language processing (NLP). The final corpus contained approximately 29 million records. Records on patient safety were the most frequently mentioned topic (approximately 8.73 million, 30.1% of the corpus), with the contents on humanistic care having received the least social media references (0.43 Million, 1.5%). Sentiment analyses showed 36.1%, 16.4%, and 47.4% of positive, neutral, and negative emotions, respectively. The doctor-patient relationship category had the highest proportion of negative contents (74.9%), followed by service efficiency (59.5%), and nursing service (53.0%). Neutral disposition was found to be the highest (30.4%) in the contents on appointment-booking services. This study added evidence to the magnitude and direction of public perceptions on healthcare services in China’s hospital and pointed to the possibility of monitoring healthcare service improvement, using readily available data in social media.


id: cord-006092-v25ji4zt
title: Health biotechnology in China—reawakening of a giant
author: Zhenzhen, Li
date: 2004
txt: ./txt/cord-006092-v25ji4zt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-006092-v25ji4zt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7097791/
doi: 10.1038/nbt1204supp-dc13
abstract: nan
summary:
  A comparison of China''s health biotechnology publications in international peerreviewed journals with its patents granted in the United Status Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO, Washington, DC, USA) between 1991 and 2002 provides another indicator of the country''s innovation level in terms of scientific output and commercial potential (Fig. 1) . In 1986, the government launched ''The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China,'' also known as the ''863'' Program to promote development in six priority fields, including health (medical) biotechnology. Although there has been rapid growth in the Chinese health care biotechnology sector in recent years, the scientific excellence and expertise available in universities and public research institutions has not been exploited to its full potential. In addition, although an increasing number of expatriate scientists are returning to China to form startups, the proportion of Chinese scientists that work and study abroad may be limiting growth of the national health care biotechnology sector.


id: cord-008692-y61sg1q9
title: A Tale of Two Systems: Health Reform in China and the United States
author: Congdon, Nathan G.
date: 2010-02-25
txt: ./txt/cord-008692-y61sg1q9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-008692-y61sg1q9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133675/
doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.01.025
abstract: nan
summary:
  Governmentaffiliated organizations such as the Disabled People''s Federation are active in nearly every county nationwide, partnering with local providers to carry out large-scale cataract screening activities and free or low-cost surgery. While important differences exist between the US and China (high prevalence of hepatitis B, the need for some rural patients to travel long distances for surgery), the preponderance of available data suggests that a practice of universal admission and extensive preoperative laboratory testing for cataract surgical patients is unlikely to be beneficial. Non-governmental organizations and the Chinese government need to limit free surgery to those few areas where patients are truly unable to pay, and to involve local rural surgeons in all programs. By 2050, China''s population older than 80 years of age will increase to 83 million, 11 raising significant financial challenges to the long-term sustainability of activities such as the Million Cataract Project, and even such critical programs as NCMS.


id: cord-013405-68777jts
author: Lu, Wenze
date: 2020-09-27
txt: ./txt/cord-013405-68777jts.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-013405-68777jts.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7579357/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197078
summary:
  This study developed a four-dimension framework including self-disclosure, genuine response, functional interactivity, and genuineness in Chinese culture to investigate the effect of genuineness in the communication of Chinese social media influencers in pediatrics on public engagement. This study is the first to develop an integrated framework to measure genuineness in online health communication and contributes to the understanding of the effect of genuineness on Chinese public engagement in social media. Table 5 summarizes the negative binomial regression results on the sub-dimensions of "self-disclosure", "genuine response", "functional interactivity", "genuineness in Chinese culture" and the number of shares, likes, comments and positive comments. Negative Binomial Regression Results on the Sub-dimensions of "Self-disclosure", "Genuine response", "Functional interactivity", "Genuineness in Chinese Culture" and the Number of Shares, Likes, Comments and Positive Comments.

title:
  The Importance of Genuineness in Public Engagement—An Exploratory Study of Pediatric Communication on Social Media in China

abstract:
  There is a growing need for the public to interact with pediatricians through social media in China, and genuineness is a crucial factor contributing to effective communication, but few studies have examined the relationship between genuineness and its effect on public engagement. This study developed a four-dimension framework including self-disclosure, genuine response, functional interactivity, and genuineness in Chinese culture to investigate the effect of genuineness in the communication of Chinese social media influencers in pediatrics on public engagement. Content analysis was employed to examine these dimensions and the related public engagement in 300 social media posts on the largest microblogging site in China. The findings indicate that genuine response was positively associated with the number of comments and positive comments, while negatively related to the number of shares. Functional interactivity made the site more appealing, resulting in likes and shares. Genuineness in Chinese culture was reflected in engagement through sharing posts by the public. This study is the first to develop an integrated framework to measure genuineness in online health communication and contributes to the understanding of the effect of genuineness on Chinese public engagement in social media.


id: cord-014597-66vd2mdu
author: nan
date: 2018-03-15
txt: ./txt/cord-014597-66vd2mdu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-014597-66vd2mdu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5861492/
doi: 10.1186/s12919-018-0097-x
abstract: nan
summary:
  Irrespective of the cell culture-based system and production scale, PEIpro® and PEIpro®-HQ have led to efficient viral vector yields superior to 10 7 IG/mL and 10 9 VG/mL, respectively for lentiviruses and AAVs Background Continuous perfusion process is making a comeback as a competing upstream manufacturing technology for the production of Biopharmaceuticals compared to the standard fed batch processes. To evaluate the impact of feed-spiking compared with cultivation in basal medium only, the cell line was grown in bioreactors under controlled conditions to determine cellspecific metabolic rates, nutrient consumption, and byproduct accumulation over the process time. Through the interchangeability of signal peptides between products and even species, a large variety can be used to enhance protein expression in already existing production systems Materials and methods At first the influence of four different natural SPs (SP (7), (8), (9) and (10)) was compared on the secreted amount of an IgG4 model antibody (product A) in fed batches using a CHO DG44 host cell line.

title:
  Abstracts from the 25th European Society for Animal Cell Technology Meeting: Cell Technologies for Innovative Therapies: Lausanne, Switzerland. 14-17 May 2017


id: cord-014897-rnrlslfh
author: Rong-bing, Wang
date: 2003
txt: ./txt/cord-014897-rnrlslfh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-014897-rnrlslfh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7089471/
doi: 10.1007/bf02838610
summary:
  The comprehensive effect on relieving fever, cell-mediated immunity, pulmonary inflammation and secondary infection was compared between the two groups.Results: The therapeutic effect in the ICWM group was better than that in the control group in such aspects as steadily lowering body temperature, alleviating general symptoms, accelerating the absorption of pulmonary infiltration and easing cellular immunity suppression.Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of ICWM is better in treating SARS than that of western medicine alone. In order to elevate the therapeutic effects, lighten patients" symptoms, improve the pulmonary inflammation and cellular immune inhibition that occurred in the course of the illness, a clinical study of the treatment of 68 SARS patients with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (ICWM), which was controlled with 67 patients treated with western medicine alone, was carried out.

title:
  Therapeutic effects of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in treating severe acute respiratory syndrome

abstract:
  Objective: To improve the effects of treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and to explore the clinical significance of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine (ICWM) in the treatment of SARS and its influence on the chief indexes in the process of the disease.Methods: The clinical study involving observation of 135 patients of SARS was conducted in the randomized, synchronously controlled and open way. The patients were divided into two groups, 68 in the ICWM group and 67 in the control group, all of whom were treated with the same basic treatment of western medicine, but to the ICWM group, Chinese drugs for clearing Heat, detoxifying and removing Dampness were given additionally. The comprehensive effect on relieving fever, cell-mediated immunity, pulmonary inflammation and secondary infection was compared between the two groups.Results: The therapeutic effect in the ICWM group was better than that in the control group in such aspects as steadily lowering body temperature, alleviating general symptoms, accelerating the absorption of pulmonary infiltration and easing cellular immunity suppression.Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of ICWM is better in treating SARS than that of western medicine alone.


id: cord-016120-pz2q62i7
title: Chai Jing: The Power of Vulnerability
author: Zhang, Jie
date: 2019-02-16
txt: ./txt/cord-016120-pz2q62i7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016120-pz2q62i7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120306/
doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-5980-4_3
summary:
  This uneasiness with emotion, which is perceived to be opposite to journalistic objectivity, as well as the questioning of Chai''s sincerity, which is an innate paradox of the new documentary movement itself (some questioned whether the filmmakers are using the stories of the marginalized people for their own identity politics), provides a lens into the media consumption habits of the Chinese public in the first two decades of the twenty-first century. Chai left the CCTV in 2014 and returned to the public sphere in 2015 with her documentary Under the Dome, which uses a TED talk format to combine personal testimonials, graphs and data, animation, and interviews to investigate the causes of China''s air pollution. Chai''s embracing her own feelings of vulnerability, which dominated the beginning of her career, and using it to channel public feelings and drive news reporting has made her a distinctively controversial media personality.

abstract:
  In the past seventeen years Chai Jing has risen from China’s official media to become a recognized investigative journalist, public intellectual, author, and more recently, an independent filmmaker and environmental activist. Her experience and work reflect how China’s news apparatus has reformed to adapt to the drastic societal changes with emotion being used to open up new ways of news communication. Her documentary Under the Dome further shows how the internet has transformed the ecology of media and provided innovative platforms for social engagement. Chai’s embracing her own feelings of vulnerability, which dominated the beginning of her career, and using it to channel public feelings and drive news reporting has made her a distinctively controversial media personality. Her leaving the CCTV can be viewed as a self-marginalization that helps her sustain that vulnerability, through which she gains resilience and critical power. The use of maternal voice in Under the Dome exemplifies her use of the power of vulnerability in its most mature form. The controversiality about that voice signals that post-socialist China remains a space where environmental and gender discourses are contested and negotiated.


id: cord-017149-cegevjw8
title: The Internationalization Challenge: Where to Access Innovation
author: Gassmann, Oliver
date: 2018-05-11
txt: ./txt/cord-017149-cegevjw8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-017149-cegevjw8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121637/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-66833-8_7
summary:
  Only in recent years, starting in the mid-1990s, increased competition from within and outside their industries forced companies from large countries to source technological knowledge on a global scale. As a result, the top pharmaceutical companies today have R&D locations in all major markets, not just for the coordination of local clinical development projects but also for discovery research. A study of 9452 R&D sites across various industries (including automotive, engineering, electrical, IT, software, food, chemical and pharmaceutical companies) produced the following overall results concerning international R&D locations (see also von Zedtwitz and Gassmann 2016): As a result, pharma companies started to invest more strategically in R&D in China, in the expectation to access the natural resource base in China, and to tap into an increasingly large body of medical researchers and pharmaceutical scientists. AstraZeneca doubled down on its 2003 start in clinical research in China and in 2007 added a US$100 million investment in its new AstraZeneca Innovation Center in Shanghai.

abstract:
  Pharma innovation is becoming increasingly global, partly due to the lure of serving new markets, partly because of the need to access early new technology and talent wherever it emerges. Apart from the established centers of innovation in the United States, Europe and Japan, India, China and Singapore are rising attractors for global life science R&D. China as a pharma market and host of pharma R&D is highlighted as a case study, both from the angle of foreign R&D investors and from the perspective of indigenous Chinese players. Given the significant cost pressures in mature markets, reverse innovation in healthcare has drawn considerable attention by local governments.


id: cord-017225-6ofi6mg5
title: Human Rights Issues
author: Wei, Yuwa
date: 2018-12-10
txt: ./txt/cord-017225-6ofi6mg5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-017225-6ofi6mg5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121730/
doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-3699-7_8
summary:
  In addition to those arising in the areas of religious toleration, judicial practice, treatment of labor and forced abortion, which were extensively reported by the media in the past, some newly emerged problems concerning human rights violation are much more alarming, due to the size of population affected and the degree of challenge caused to the public''s psychological endurance and confidence in the social ethnics and administration of the nation. In addition to those arising in the areas of religious toleration, judicial practice, treatment of labor and forced abortion, which were extensively reported by the media in the past, some newly emerged problems concerning human rights violation are much more alarming, due to the size of population affected and the degree of challenge caused to the public''s psychological endurance and confidence in the social ethnics and administration of the nation.

abstract:
  Contemporary China is plagued by a wide range of human rights related issues and problems. In addition to those arising in the areas of religious toleration, judicial practice, treatment of labor and forced abortion, which were extensively reported by the media in the past, some newly emerged problems concerning human rights violation are much more alarming, due to the size of population affected and the degree of challenge caused to the public’s psychological endurance and confidence in the social ethnics and administration of the nation. Most of all, these problems concern nearly every Chinese citizen’s well-being and impact on their personal prosperity, as well as the prosperity of the nation as a whole. These problems are mainly associated with failures in environmental protection, food safety, and medical security.


id: cord-018070-js9vvsud
title: Human Insecurity in the People’s Republic of China: The Vulnerability of Chinese Women to HIV/AIDS
author: Hayes, Anna Marie
date: 2011-10-13
txt: ./txt/cord-018070-js9vvsud.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018070-js9vvsud.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122858/
doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-1799-2_2
summary:
  comm., 27 August) , 3 who was the Director of a government organization that played a key role in HIV/ AIDS prevention and treatment, responded that she believed ''women are less vulnerable [than men] to HIV/AIDS'' and that women''s vulnerability to HIV/AIDS largely depended on whether a woman was a sex worker, an intravenous drug user (IDU), if she had donated her blood, had a blood transfusion or had used other blood products (Interviewee D 2003, pers. Furthermore, she concluded that in south-west China for instance, promotion of condom use in sexual relationships was absolutely necessary because the main route of HIV infection for men there has been IDU and for women, it was through heterosexual intercourse ''within the family, within marriage, it''s not through commercial sex workers'' (Interviewee B 2003, pers.

abstract:
  HIV/AIDS has become one of the world’s leading causes of human insecurity for both men and women. In addition to physiological factors, women’s vulnerability to HIV transmission is primarily fuelled by gender inequality and gender-based discrimination and violence. Therefore, women’s vulnerability to HIV transmission is closely linked to issues of empowerment and gender-based power relations. Even with this realization however, women are still sometimes overlooked in many HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment campaigns, such as those in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and responses to HIV/AIDS do not always actively seek to empower women. Therefore, a deficiency in women’s human security increases their HIV/AIDS vulnerability. This chapter examines the intersection of gender inequality and HIV vulnerability as it applies to women in the PRC. The unequal status of many women in China, and the privileged position accorded to Chinese men, strongly indicates that Chinese women face a heightened vulnerability to HIV transmission. While many of these vulnerabilities are similar to women elsewhere in the world and certainly are not unique to China, by overlooking the many social, cultural, economic and political factors that contribute to HIV/AIDS vulnerability and transmission of the virus, particularly those faced by women, China has a long way to go before Chinese women are protected from HIV transmission. Given that HIV/AIDS heightens human insecurity, the stage is set for Chinese women (and men) to face an insecure future if the Chinese government does not fully implement international best practice, meaning a gendered response, into its overall HIV/AIDS response.


id: cord-018699-gri4vybv
title: China Declares Global State of Emergency: An Urgent Telegram from Taihu
author: Tobias, Michael Charles
date: 2014-06-10
txt: ./txt/cord-018699-gri4vybv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018699-gri4vybv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123649/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-07860-1_27
summary:
  May 18th, 2013, China''s 4th most powerful politician, Yu Zhengsheng, Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC (Chinese People''s Political Consultative Conference) opened the Second Conference of the (carbon-neutralized) Taihu World Cultural Forum in Hangzhou, a city 1 h by speed train southwest of Shanghai. Today that person eats over four times more…." Moreover, says Davison, "pork is China''s favourite meat [9] : last year the country produced 50 million tons--more than half the world''s total." With increased income generation, more pigs will be slaughtered, more effluent emitted, contributing to the overall groundwater and air pollution drama deeply embedded in everybody''s life across China ( Fig. 27.4) . Professor Peter Li [10] has elsewhere stated that "China surpassed the US as the world''s biggest meat producer in 1990, and the Chinese authorities have long looked to the industrialized West as the object of emulation in meat production." But, at the same time, "China has lagged behind the industrialized nations in animal protection law-making for more than 180 years ( Fig. 27 .5)."

abstract:
  May 18th, 2013, China’s 4th most powerful politician, Yu Zhengsheng, Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC (Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference) opened the Second Conference of the (carbon-neutralized) Taihu World Cultural Forum in Hangzhou, a city 1 h by speed train southwest of Shanghai. “What kind of a planet will we leave to our descendants? This is an urgent subject which deserves the collective attention of the whole world,” he said with a sincere air of emergency.


id: cord-019040-lj1r8ptb
title: Human Security in Practice: The Chinese Experience
author: Xiao, Ren
date: 2018-12-07
txt: ./txt/cord-019040-lj1r8ptb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-019040-lj1r8ptb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124087/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-97247-3_3
summary:
  As one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, China has long been supportive of the UN, the most important international organization in today''s world, and the country has played a proactive role in various UN activities such as peacebuilding, development, and global governance (Breslin and Ren 2018) . In fact, as Cui Shunji of Zhejiang University points out, since the initiation of reform, at the highest levels, attention has been placed on poverty reduction, the pursuit of a sustainable development model, and China''s proposals for constructing a "harmonious society" and a "harmonious world." These goals indicate that China regards the guaranteeing of basic human needs, social justice, and harmony as well as sustainable development as important parts of a continuum of national security (S. "Letting people live a happier life with more dignity" has become the goal of national development, which indicates that China''s recognition of human security has been elevated to the political level.

abstract:
  This chapter elaborates on how the idea of human security is defined and understood by the government and various actors in China. As one of the permanent members of the United Nations (UN) Security Council, China, has been supportive of international norms advocated by the UN, and even though the term human security has not been frequently used, in effect it has been vigorously practiced. For both the government and the academic community in China, human security and national security are not necessarily in confrontation but rather can complement and strengthen one another. The purpose is to improve the quality of people’s everyday life and the government is expected to contribute to this end. Chinese people expect the government to extend a parental roof over the people.


id: cord-019106-vpc76p2c
title: Culture and decision making
author: Yates, J. Frank
date: 2016-09-14
txt: ./txt/cord-019106-vpc76p2c.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-019106-vpc76p2c.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7126161/
doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.05.003
summary:
  As reviewed below, these differences have been proposed to underlie much cross-cultural variation in decision-making, such as the decision modes people use, their preferences, negotiation styles, creativity, and more. In studies of cross-national differences, Americans were less likely than Russians to offer unsolicited advice (Chentsova-Dutton & Vaughn, 2012), potentially reflecting a preference for independent, individual decision-making. In another cross-national study, Indian participants were more likely than Americans to comply with advice (Savani, Morris, Naidu, Kumar, & Berlia, 2011) , suggesting that they, like Russians, might customarily include other people in their decision making. Evidence suggests that Koreans make use of more information than Americans in judgment tasks, and that the relationship between holistic thinking and preference for large information sets is positive at the individual level within each culture (Choi, Dalal, Kim-Prieto, & Park, 2003) .

abstract:
  The study of culture and decision making addresses variations in how and why people from different cultures sometimes tend to decide differently. This review is organized around what is intended to be a comprehensive analysis of the distinct fundamental questions that people must answer in the process of making virtually all real-life decisions. Our emphasis was on recent developments as well as identifying important yet neglected topics (e.g., how decision episodes get started—or not, and why some decisions are never implemented). Early as well as current efforts have focused mainly on East Asian and North American Caucasian cultures, with little treatment of other populations. In such studies, individualism and collectivism have been the dominant explanatory factors although related but distinct concepts such as “tightness” and “looseness” have been welcome additions to recent discussions. Throughout, the review emphasizes practical concerns, such as the challenges of intercultural learning and collaboration.


id: cord-021179-sctzn7i7
title: China’s Rise and its Discursive Power Strategy
author: Zhao, Kejin
date: 2016-07-04
txt: ./txt/cord-021179-sctzn7i7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-021179-sctzn7i7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149126/
doi: 10.1007/s41111-016-0037-8
summary:
  China hopes to expand the influence of ''''Socialism With Chinese Characteristics'''' abroad through strategic efforts to build discursive power, especially in order to delegitimize the ''''China threat'''' theory overseas, dispel the doubts of other countries caused by the rapid increase in China''s economic capabilities, and fully integrate into the international community. They have launched debates in the academic community on ''''universal values'''' and ''''the Chinese model'''' which encourage Chinese academics to compete with their Western counterparts for new political discourse 24 (Chen 2010; Zhang 2011 CPC National Congress in 2007, President Hu Jintao for the first time elevated the promotion of China''s soft power to a national strategic height, and formulated a key strategic objective to strengthen Chinese culture''s competitiveness overseas for the sake of winning international discursive power.

abstract:
  It is increasingly evident that China has attached more attention to discursive power in foreign policy since the early 21st century. Both top leaders and government agencies have been active in advocating for a new discourse on various international occasions. Previously, China has been reluctant to join the debate in international affairs, and been instead preoccupied with domestic affairs since the late 1970s. The situation has changed since 2009 because of China’s rapid rise to become the world’s second largest economy. With regard to the motivations behind the Chinese government’s support for discursive power, the dominant explanation is based on the “rise of China” argument. However, this argument does not explain the causal relationship between China’s rise and its discursive power strategy. So, this paper aims to clarify the motivation behind China’s discursive power strategy through document reviews and interviews with mainstream scholars. It concludes that a discursive power strategy has been the fundamental principle of the Communist Party of China since its establishment in 1921. Since China’s adoption of an opening-up policy in 1978, this tradition has been suppressed but not eliminated entirely by top leaders. As China continues to rise on the world stage, the principle will drive China to create a new political model rather than be a mere follower of the established political order.


id: cord-021375-lca26xum
title: Riding the Shi: From Infection Barriers to the Microbial City
author: Voelkner, Nadine
date: 2019-08-23
txt: ./txt/cord-021375-lca26xum.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-021375-lca26xum.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149467/
doi: 10.1093/ips/olz016
summary:
  Taking its cue from the currently accepted germ theory of disease, such mechanisms render a global city like Hong Kong not only pervasively "on alert" and under threat of unpredictable and pathogenic viruses and other microbes, it also gives rise to a hygiene and antimicrobial politics that is never entirely able to control pathogenic circulation. Considering recent advances in gene sequencing in microbiology, through which a "vast diversity of microbial life in, on and around the human body" (Lorimer 2017, 544) has been identified as residing in complex relationality with one another, how befitting is it to fight infectious diseases by indiscriminately eliminating microbes through the use of antimicrobials and practicing urban hygiene as in the case of Hong Kong? Various scholars have noted how, much like Hong Kong in the face of SARS, global public health programs adopt an antimicrobial stance to the control and/or elimination of infectious diseases, however, which might prove to be counterproductive in securing human life (Macphail 2014; Methot and Alizon 2014; Fishel 2015 Fishel , 2017 White 2015; Hinchliffe et al.

abstract:
  How can a microbial approach to global health security protect life? Contemporary infection control mechanisms set the human and the pathogenic microbe against each other, as the victim versus the menace. This biomedical polarization persistently runs through the contemporary dominant mode of thinking about public health and infectious disease governance. Taking its cue from the currently accepted germ theory of disease, such mechanisms render a global city like Hong Kong not only pervasively “on alert” and under threat of unpredictable and pathogenic viruses and other microbes, it also gives rise to a hygiene and antimicrobial politics that is never entirely able to control pathogenic circulation. The article draws on recent advances in medical microbiology, which depart from germ theory, to invoke an ecological understanding of the human-microbe relation. Here, while a small number of viruses are pathogenic, the majority are benign; some are even essential to human life. Disease is not just the outcome of a pathogenic microbe infecting a human host but emerges from socioeconomic relations, which exacerbate human-animal-microbial interactions. In a final step, the article draws on Daoist thought to reflect on the ways that such a microbial understanding translates into life and city dwelling.


id: cord-022161-quns9b84
title: China in the Fight Against the Ebola Crisis: Human Security Perspectives
author: Cui, Shunji
date: 2018-09-02
txt: ./txt/cord-022161-quns9b84.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022161-quns9b84.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7153452/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95240-6_8
summary:
  The crisis turned the global securitization of health issues into unprecedented levels, at the same time, aligned closely with human security frameworks and thus has significant impacts on national foreign and aid policies. After the August/September 2014 announcement by the WHO that Ebola was a ''public health emergency of international concern'' and the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) declaration that Ebola was a ''threat to international peace and security,'' many countries as well as international organizations, non-governmental organizations, companies and individuals participated in the fight against this unprecedented challenge to humanity. Of course, in the process of engaging in the global effort to fight Ebola, China did cooperate with many countries and international and regional organizations by providing financial support to the UN, the WHO and the AU, and assisting them in playing leading and coordinating roles.

abstract:
  The outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa became one of the worst disease-driven humanitarian crises in modern history. The crisis turned the global securitization of health issues into unprecedented levels, at the same time, aligned closely with human security frameworks and thus has significant impacts on national foreign and aid policies. China has played a significant role in the global fight against Ebola, indicating important changes in its foreign policy orientations. Based on the lessons drawn from China’s operation in Africa, it is argued that states must transcend their narrow national interest and seriously consider the dignity and well-being of vulnerable people.


id: cord-022316-mh4pslnv
title: Safety and Security Issues Affecting Inbound Tourism in the People''s Republic of China
author: Breda, Zélia
date: 2009-11-16
txt: ./txt/cord-022316-mh4pslnv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022316-mh4pslnv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155563/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7506-7898-8.50017-5
abstract: nan
summary:
  Although there is no evidence of a threat from global terrorism in the People''s Republic of China (PRC) and the country''s image is seen as generally safe, there are some issues related to political instability, health, safety and security concerns that have caused disruptions in growth rates. Since safety and security directly influence decisions in international travel, this chapter researches the consequences of relevant events that have caused major disturbances in inbound tourism in the PRC, namely the Tiananmen Square incident and the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Other epidemic diseases (such as HIV/AIDS, avian influenza, and mosquito-borne diseases); crime directed at foreigners in major cities and tourist areas; road and air safety; natural disasters (earthquakes, flooding, and typhoons); crossstrait relations; and restrictions on public demonstrations, political, and religious activities constitute important considerations that will be also addressed throughout the chapter.


id: cord-022467-j2trahab
title: Select Populations: Children
author: Loo, May
date: 2009-05-15
txt: ./txt/cord-022467-j2trahab.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022467-j2trahab.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155731/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-02028-2.50015-2
abstract: nan
summary:
  A recent clinical trial that included children over age 12 years and used a fixedcombination homeopathic remedy for a mean 4.1 days of treatment reported that 81.5% reported subjective feelings of being symptom free or significantly improved without complaint of any adverse side effects. 4 A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study from Great Britain of 170 children with a starting median age of 4.2 years in the experimental group and 3.6 years in the placebo group concluded that individually prescribed homeopathic remedies seem to be ineffective in reducing symptoms or decreasing the use of antibiotics in pediatric patients with URI. 414 In a nonrandomized clinical trial involving 30 children ages 3 months to 8 years with chronic diarrhea of 2 to 4 months'' duration that was unresponsive to Western medicine and TCM, individualized acupuncture treatment eliminated symptoms and normalized stools.


id: cord-024111-7yrftdp4
title: Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiome: Their Respective and Concert Effects on Healthcare
author: Zhang, Runzhi
date: 2020-04-22
txt: ./txt/cord-024111-7yrftdp4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-024111-7yrftdp4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7188910/
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00538
summary:
  Advances in systems biology, particularly based on the omics approaches, have resulted in a paradigm shift in both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the gut microbiome research. Dietary interventions might lead to the modulation of gut microbiome, which will contribute to weight loss, enhance the integrity of the intestinal barrier, and reduce the antigenic load in the circulation, ultimately improving the inflammatory and metabolic phenotypes (Xiao et al., 2014) . Previous studies have proven that TCM is conductive to maintain the homeostasis of the intestinal flora (Chang et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2016) , and the gut microbiome could also exert pharmacological effects of the TCM on host (Park et al., 2006) , which render TCM a potential new drug in the western markets. Thus, research about relationship between TCM and gut microbiome is significant, which helps researchers to further study the pharmacological effects of TCM on the human body and the causal links among intestinal microbiome with disease.

abstract:
  Advances in systems biology, particularly based on the omics approaches, have resulted in a paradigm shift in both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the gut microbiome research. In line with this paradigm shift, the importance of TCM and gut microbiome in healthcare, as well as their interplay, has become clearer. Firstly, we briefly summarize the current status of three topics in this review: microbiome, TCM, and relationship of TCM and microbiome. Second, we focused on TCM's therapeutic effects and gut microbiome's mediation roles, including the relationships among diet, gut microbiome, and health care. Third, we have summarized some databases and tools to help understand the impact of TCM and gut microbiome on diagnosis and treatment at the molecular level. Finally, we introduce the effects of gut microbiome on TCM and host health, with two case studies, one on the metabolic effect of gut microbiome on TCM, and another on cancer treatment. In summary, we have reviewed the current status of the two components of healthcare: TCM and gut microbiome, as well as their concert effects. It is quite clear that as the holobiont, the maintenance of the health status of human would depend heavily on TCM, gut microbiome, and their combined effects.


id: cord-025246-zah72cd6
author: Lai, Daniel W. L.
date: 2020-03-13
txt: ./txt/cord-025246-zah72cd6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-025246-zah72cd6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7249248/
doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-6969-8_13
summary:
  Based on these theoretical bases, three practice directions are suggested to guide community development at different levels: "aging in place," "age-friendly community," and "gray power." In particular, social workers need to adapt community development approaches to Chinese cultural contexts. Focusing on the experience of older people in different Chinese contexts, including Chinese older adults in Chinese societies and older Chinese migrants residing in non-Chinese societies, this chapter will discuss the alignment of community development and its application in social work practice with older people, with attention to the influence of sociocultural context. Finally, social workers can facilitate the involvement of older people in developing AFCs, which is important because it can support greater responsiveness to community needs, capacity building, and empowerment, as well as enhanced use of existing and new programs and services (Scharlach and Lehning 2016) . Social workers can apply the practice of community development in working with Chinese older people, representing an approach to intervention and support that addresses broader systems and structures and focus on empowerment and personal development among aging populations.

title:
  Revisiting Social Work with Older People in Chinese Contexts from a Community Development Lens: When East Meets West

abstract:
  Community development is an empowering and comprehensive method for social workers to address individual and societal challenges facing Chinese older people. This chapter explores the different meanings of community development in Chinese contexts, including communities in Mainland China and Chinese immigrant communities. When actualizing community development, social workers require theories to guide their actions, and this chapter proposes three interrelated theoretical bases: ecological system theory, empowerment theory, and anti-oppressive theory. Based on these theoretical bases, three practice directions are suggested to guide community development at different levels: “aging in place,” “age-friendly community,” and “gray power.” In particular, social workers need to adapt community development approaches to Chinese cultural contexts. Case examples are discussed to illustrate how to implement community development projects with older people in Chinese contexts and the roles of social workers in such projects.


id: cord-026721-hrxf3rr7
title: The Russia–China entente and its future
author: Lukin, Artyom
date: 2020-06-13
txt: ./txt/cord-026721-hrxf3rr7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-026721-hrxf3rr7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7292939/
doi: 10.1057/s41311-020-00251-7
summary:
  As long as there is the real-and rising-risk of China clashing with the US (over the South China Sea, Taiwan or other issues), the strong bond with Russia-the only major power that can provide Beijing with diplomatic support, military technology, and secure access to vital commodities-will be crucial for the PRC. Similarly, Franz-Stefan Gady (2019) likens the contemporary Moscow-Beijing axis that opposes the USA to Entente Cordiale, the 1904 Anglo-French agreement that paved the way for France and Great Britain to become allies against Germany and the Central Powers during the First World War. The Sino-Russian entente is helped by the fact that both Russia and China, in their actual foreign policies, adhere to the classic great-power logic of spheres of influence, notwithstanding their rhetoric about the primacy of the norm of sovereignty and the need to democratize international relations.

abstract:
  The ‘strategic partnership’ between Moscow and Beijing is already more than two decades old and continues to evolve toward more consolidation, a trend which the coronavirus pandemic will only serve to accelerate. Its current state can be characterized as a quasi-alliance, or entente. The article first examines the Russia–China cooperation in the two most crucial areas—geo-economic and military. Then, it asks the question whether Moscow and Beijing could be on the verge of forming an alliance. The article proceeds to analyze the Russian–Chinese interaction in the areas of Eurasia where both of them have significant stakes and intersecting interests: East Asia, the post-Soviet space (with the focus on Central Asia), and the Arctic. Finally, the author draws up several scenarios envisioning the future of the Sino-Russian relationship.


id: cord-028566-avl980hg
author: Palko, Hannah Catherine
date: 2020-07-06
txt: ./txt/cord-028566-avl980hg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-028566-avl980hg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7335766/
doi: 10.1007/s42532-020-00056-1
summary:
  title: In fighting common threats, people''s deep commitment to taking collective action matters: examples from China''s COVID-19 battle and her other combats Achieving China''s exceptional coverage with and adherence to these containment measures has only been possible due to the deep commitment of the Chinese people to collective action in the face of this common threat. It is noteworthy that the high praise the Joint Mission team issued for the Chinese people''s deep commitment to collective action resonates an admiring remark the US President Donald Trump made 9 days before the team''s visit to China. In fighting common threats to their survival and well-being, Chinese people''s deep commitment to taking collective action, in the forms of solidarity, participation, discipline, and readiness for self-sacrifice, as showcased briefly in this article, is simply a natural outgrowth, a manifestation, of a strong cultural belief in collectivism they hold for thousands of years.

title:
  In fighting common threats, people’s deep commitment to taking collective action matters: examples from China’s COVID-19 battle and her other combats

abstract:
  In fighting against common threats to human survival and well-being, be they from natural disaster or human conflict, people’s commitment to taking collective action matters and can make a huge or even decisive difference. Throughout human history, there is a myriad of powerful examples from around the world in which people’s deep commitment to taking collective action changed the course of combat against common threats. These examples are invaluable heritages that belong to the entire humanity. At this critical juncture in human history, they can help cultivate a greater sense of optimism among all the people in the world both in the present fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. To this end, in this showcase article, we present examples of this kind from China’s ongoing COVID-19 battle, and from two of her many historical combats.


id: cord-030821-kr9i33dy
title: Managing ‘Digital China’ During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Nationalist Stimulation and its Backlash
author: Yan, Fei
date: 2020-08-25
txt: ./txt/cord-030821-kr9i33dy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030821-kr9i33dy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7445389/
doi: 10.1007/s42438-020-00181-w
abstract: nan
summary:
  Analysis shows that the Chinese communist state has updated itself with a ''marriage'' between digital technologies and nationalist ideologies, thus gaining the ability to reshape important narratives on the Internet and social media while also having to confront the inevitable backlash from this manipulation. Fang''s online diaries presented an unwelcome challenge to the state narrative, which by this time was concentrated on promoting the triumphs of the Chinese government in winning the war against the virus and contrasting its success with its ''failing'' Western counterparts who were presented as struggling ineffectually to combat the spread of the pandemic. While the Internet and social media have provided the Chinese people with the means to express and exchange their ideas more easily, these technological opportunities have not promoted a ''Habermasian Public Sphere'' which could facilitate China''s transition to a liberal, democratic system of government (Schneider 2018: 11) .


id: cord-030959-olcz7g19
title: China–Pakistan Economic Cooperation: The Case of Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
author: Hussain, Ejaz
date: 2020-08-28
txt: ./txt/cord-030959-olcz7g19.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030959-olcz7g19.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453185/
doi: 10.1007/s40647-020-00292-5
summary:
  Thus, in the context of CPEC, Pakistan aims to establish financially vibrant, socially visible and potentially productive industries to initiate a new era of industrialization that includes high-end textiles, telecom, engineering, knowledge-based manufacturing, sea products and sophisticated storage facilities for fruits and vegetables, jointly or separately with Chinese companies to be based in Special Economic Zones (SEZs). The following opportunities are expected to come with the establishment of the SEZs. To begin with, the proposed Special Economic Zones are expected to work as a strong economic incentive for Pakistani authorities to introduce reforms in order to improve upon domestic business environment, governing behavior, productive capacity, export base and enhance commercial attractiveness for further foreign investments. Therefore, each of the four provincial governments, the local and provincial political parties and regional stakeholders differ over the 38 "Pakistan, China jointly working for establishment of special economic zones," The Nation, 7 January, 2018.

abstract:
  This article attempts to underscore the extraordinary significance of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in the industrialization and economic growth of Pakistan as well as the development and consolidation of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)—which is a core component of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Though Pakistan has previously experimented with SEZs, its scale, outreach and impact on the country’s economy and society remained very limited. Thus, the proposed SEZs under the CPEC offer new opportunities for mutual economic cooperation, investment, human resource development, sustained industrialization and, above all, the consolidation of CPEC. Nevertheless, there are several challenges ranging from structural issues to security problems that the proposed SEZs, in particular, and CPEC, in general, face. The article, thus, provides a comprehensive set of strategies to convert challenges into capabilities.


id: cord-031840-k9l91unc
title: Forum: COVID-19 Dispatches
author: Lu, Li
date: 2020-09-11
txt: ./txt/cord-031840-k9l91unc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031840-k9l91unc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7488168/
doi: 10.1177/1532708620953190
summary:
  With death count worldwide reaching 586,000 merely 7 months after its first outbreak in China in late December 2019 and 13.6 million cases reported in 188 countries and territories as of July 2020, this ongoing pandemic has spread far beyond domain of world health problem to become an unprecedented challenge facing humanity at every level. On one hand, the eagerness to build solidarity with East Asian countries represented by Japan and South Korea might be a strategy to react to the racialization of COVID-19 as a "Chinese virus" and the demonization of China as a "public enemy" and "trouble maker" in the Euro-American political and media agenda (Viala-Gaudefroy & Lindaman, 2020). On the other hand, the rise of this East Asian imaginary centering around China''s historical and cultural bonds with Japan and South Korea has far-reaching implications for China''s geopolitical strategies beyond the COVID-19 pandemic and the realm of public health.

abstract:
  COVID-19 pandemic is the first truly global crisis in the digital age. With death count worldwide reaching 586,000 merely 7 months after its first outbreak in China in late December 2019 and 13.6 million cases reported in 188 countries and territories as of July 2020, this ongoing pandemic has spread far beyond domain of world health problem to become an unprecedented challenge facing humanity at every level. In addition to causing social and economic disruptions on a scale unseen before, it has turned the world into a site of biopolitical agon where science and reason are forced to betray their impotence against cultish thinking in the planetary endgame depicted in so many dystopian science fictions. It is in this context that this forum offers a set of modest reflections on the current impacts incurred by the COVID-19 virus. Blending ethnographic observations with theory-driven reflections, the five authors address issues made manifest by the crisis across different regions, while keeping their sight on the sociopolitical problems plaguing our life both individually and collectively. Taken together, they provide a grounded documentary for the archive that the COVID-19 virus is making us to construct.


id: cord-033146-2v1kuq50
title: US–China Relations: Nationalism, the Trade War, and COVID-19
author: Boylan, Brandon M.
date: 2020-10-04
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7533044/
doi: 10.1007/s40647-020-00302-6
abstract:
  The trade war between the USA and China has shocked many across the world. A disruption to the interdependence of the two largest economies seemed unfathomable. However, in an effort to thwart China’s economic practices and boost the US economy, President Trump’s administration levied tariffs on Chinese imports shortly after taking office, moving US foreign economic policy from liberalism, practiced for decades, to protectionism. China has retaliated, and the trade war continues today. With conceptual insights from the nationalism literature, we explore the nationalist roots of the trade war from both the US and Chinese perspectives. In the USA, the Trump administration’s plan to achieve energy autonomy, decrease reliance on foreign resources, and reinvigorate the manufacturing sector has led to protectionist policies, the othering of China, and hence the trade war. Although reluctant to enter the conflict, China has rebuffed the USA, resisting and counterattacking US actions, owing to a long-felt sense of persecution in the global space and an eagerness to participate fully, and lead in some issue areas, in international affairs. The conflict continues into the COVID-19 era, marked by US scapegoating of China and hits to economic performance. Until both sides are convinced they have achieved their goals, or the USA undergoes an administration change, the conflict will likely continue.


id: cord-034118-zwlugvlk
title: Do political relations affect international trade? Evidence from China’s twelve trading partners
author: Whitten, Gregory
date: 2020-10-22
txt: ./txt/cord-034118-zwlugvlk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-034118-zwlugvlk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7578239/
doi: 10.1186/s41072-020-00076-w
summary:
  We examine the impacts of the change of political relations between China and twelve trading partners, namely, Australia, Germany, France, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea (South), Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Vietnam. Our results from pair-by-pair analyses (e.g., China and one of the preceding countries) show that trade, political relations, and gross domestic product (GDP) all exist in a long-run stable relationship as evidence by the finding of at least one cointegrating vector for the aforementioned variables. A positive shock to relations usually leads to greater trade flows between China and the economies (especially for Australia, France, Germany, Indonesia, Pakistan, the UK) though trade declines in a few cases (India and Vietnam). A positive shock to partner exports to China results in better relations for six countries (Australia, France, Germany, India, Japan, Vietnam); interestingly, the same shock leads to slightly or significantly worse relations (from China''s perspective) for the remaining 6 country pairs (Australia, Indonesia, Korea, Russia, the UK, the US).

abstract:
  China’s growing influence on the world has generated profound effects on the political and economic decisions of her partner nations. Recent conflict escalation between China and western countries gives rise to widespread concern over the possibility of delinking China from global trade and supply chain. By drawing on utility theory, we suggest that the political relationship is a key determinant of collective emotions of consumers and trading companies and consequently the interactions between importers and exporters. We hypothesize that warmer relations lead to larger increases (or smaller decreases) in trade while cooler relations have the opposite effect. Based on monthly data of China and her twelve trading partners from 1981 to 2019, our study provides an empirical investigation into the association between political relationship and bilateral trade flows. Our results show that shocks to relations are highly persistent and frequently cause changes in trade. However, relations themselves are little influenced by changes in trade, changes that show little persistence. We also address the US-China trade war and the observation that innovations to China’s exports to the US improve China’s relations with the US while shocks to American exports to China worsen relations from China’s perspective.


id: cord-235946-6vu34vce
title: Social Cybersecurity Chapter 13: Casestudy with COVID-19 Pandemic
author: Beskow, David M.
date: 2020-08-23
txt: ./txt/cord-235946-6vu34vce.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-235946-6vu34vce.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.10102v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  With the pandemic as the backdrop of life as we write this book, it seemed appropriate to use the social cybersecurity tools that we discussed in the previous chapters to identify and understand information operations related to There are still many questions as well as competing narratives about the origins and nature of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease. This chapter will showcase the use of social cybersecurity tools and theory to identify and characterize information operations in the COVID-19 related Twitter Stream. Finally, at the end of our exploratory data analysis, we will try to find out if any accounts have been suspended by Twitter since contributing content to our stream. The adjusted performance is provided in Table Since the Bot-Hunter Tier 1 algorithm is our primary algorithm, we''ve visualized the probability distribution for all COVID-19 Accounts in Figure 6a with threshold = 0.5 and threshold = 0.65.

abstract:
  The purpose of this case study is to leverage the concepts and tools presented in the preceding chapters and apply them in a real world social cybersecurity context. With the COVID-19 pandemic emerging as a defining event of the 21st Century and a magnet for disinformation maneuver, we have selected the pandemic and its related social media conversation to focus our efforts on. This chapter therefore applies the tools of information operation maneuver, bot detection and characterization, meme detection and characterization, and information mapping to the COVID-19 related conversation on Twitter. This chapter uses these tools to analyze a stream containing 206 million tweets from 27 million unique users from 15 March 2020 to 30 April 2020. Our results shed light on elaborate information operations that leverage the full breadth of the BEND maneuvers and use bots for important shaping operations.


id: cord-248932-i1v2lyd2
title: Characterizing and Comparing COVID-19 Misinformation Across Languages, Countries and Platforms
author: Madraki, Golshan
date: 2020-10-13
txt: ./txt/cord-248932-i1v2lyd2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-248932-i1v2lyd2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.06455v2.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  Our multi-cultural and multilingual team observed that the nature of COVID-19 misinformation on social media varied in substantial ways across different languages/countries depending on the cultures, beliefs/religions, popularity of social media, types of platforms, freedom of speech and the power of people versus governments. In this paper, COVID-19 misinformation, broadly defined to include disinformation and mal-information as well, will be investigated within multiple languages (Chinese, English, and Farsi) about multiple countries (China, Iran, and the USA) on different social media platforms. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to examine the multilingual social media landscape by using the opportunistic sampling method to collect a dataset of verified and viral COVID-19 misinformation across 3 languages: Chinese, English, and Farsi. Our multicultural and multilingual team observed that the nature of COVID-19 misinformation on social media varies in substantial ways across different languages/countries depending on the cultures, beliefs, religions, popularity of social media, types of platforms, freedom of speech, the power of people versus governments, etc.

abstract:
  Misinformation/disinformation about COVID-19 has been rampant on social media around the world. In this study, we investigate COVID-19 misinformation/ disinformation on social media in multiple languages - Farsi (Persian), Chinese, and English, about multiple countries - Iran, China, and the United States (US), and on multiple platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Weibo, and WhatsApp. Misinformation, especially about a global pandemic, is a global problem yet it is common for studies of COVID-19 misinformation on social media to focus on a single language, like English, a single country, like the US, or a single platform, like Twitter. We utilized opportunistic sampling to compile 200 specific items of viral and yet debunked misinformation across these languages, countries and platforms emerged between January 1 and August 31. We then categorized this collection based both on the topics of the misinformation and the underlying roots of that misinformation. Our multi-cultural and multilingual team observed that the nature of COVID-19 misinformation on social media varied in substantial ways across different languages/countries depending on the cultures, beliefs/religions, popularity of social media, types of platforms, freedom of speech and the power of people versus governments. We observe that politics is at the root of most of the collected misinformation across all three languages in this dataset. We further observe the different impact of government restrictions on platforms and platform restrictions on content in Iran, China, and the US and their impact on a key question of our age: how do we control misinformation without silencing the voices we need to hold governments accountable?


id: cord-252531-i3b647wv
author: Song, Zaiwei
date: 2020-04-03
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551741120303144
doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.027
title:
  Hospital pharmacists’ pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Recommendations and guidance from clinical experience

abstract:
  Abstract Objective To discuss hospital pharmacists’ role in providing pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to promote patient care and management during the pandemic. Method Based on the method of evidence-based pharmacy, clinical evidence of therapeutical drugs for COVID-19 were retrieved and summarized. Based on clinical experience Chinese hospital pharmacists gained from providing pharmaceutical care services during COVID-19 pandemic, taking COVID-19 hospitalized patients’ needs into consideration, the methods and strategies hospital pharmacists shall use to provide pharmaceutical care were analyzed and summarized. Results Hospital pharmacists shall support pharmaceutical care services by participating in making evidence-based decisions for medication, monitoring and evaluation of medication safety and efficacy, providing strengthened care for special population and patients with combined underlying diseases, monitoring and management of convalescent plasma therapy, providing emotional counselling and psychological support, and providing scientific information about COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion The need of pharmaceutical care services in COVID-19 hospitalized patients during this pandemic was quite distinguished from the past. Hospital pharmacists shall join the collaborative multidisciplinary team to improve COVID-19 patients’ outcome and reduce mortality, and to facilitate the pandemic control.


id: cord-253182-s60vzf3q
author: Fang, Evandro F.
date: 2020-09-21
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32971255/
doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101174
title:
  A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks

abstract:
  One of the key issues facing public healthcare is the global trend of an increasingly ageing society which continues to present policy makers and caregivers with formidable healthcare and socio-economic challenges. Ageing is the primary contributor to a broad spectrum of chronic disorders all associated with a lower quality of life in the elderly. In 2019, the Chinese population constituted 18 % of the world population, with 164.5 million Chinese citizens aged 65 and above (65+), and 26 million aged 80 or above (80+). China has become an ageing society, and as it continues to age it will continue to exacerbate the burden borne by current family and public healthcare systems. Major healthcare challenges involved with caring for the elderly in China include the management of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), physical frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, with emerging challenges such as providing sufficient dental care, combating the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among nursing home communities, providing support for increased incidences of immune diseases, and the growing necessity to provide palliative care for the elderly. At the governmental level, it is necessary to make long-term strategic plans to respond to the pressures of an ageing society, especially to establish a nationwide, affordable, annual health check system to facilitate early diagnosis and provide access to affordable treatments. China has begun work on several activities to address these issues including the recent completion of the of the Ten-year Health-Care Reform project, the implementation of the Healthy China 2030 Action Plan, and the opening of the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders. There are also societal challenges, namely the shift from an extended family system in which the younger provide home care for their elderly family members, to the current trend in which young people are increasingly migrating towards major cities for work, increasing reliance on nursing homes to compensate, especially following the outcomes of the ‘one child policy’ and the ‘empty-nest elderly’ phenomenon. At the individual level, it is important to provide avenues for people to seek and improve their own knowledge of health and disease, to encourage them to seek medical check-ups to prevent/manage illness, and to find ways to promote modifiable health-related behaviors (social activity, exercise, healthy diets, reasonable diet supplements) to enable healthier, happier, longer, and more productive lives in the elderly. Finally, at the technological or treatment level, there is a focus on modern technologies to counteract the negative effects of ageing. Researchers are striving to produce drugs that can mimic the effects of ‘exercising more, eating less’, while other anti-ageing molecules from molecular gerontologists could help to improve ‘healthspan’ in the elderly. Machine learning, ‘Big Data’, and other novel technologies can also be used to monitor disease patterns at the population level and may be used to inform policy design in the future. Collectively, synergies across disciplines on policies, geriatric care, drug development, personal awareness, the use of big data, machine learning and personalized medicine will transform China into a country that enables the most for its elderly, maximizing and celebrating their longevity in the coming decades. This is the 2nd edition of the review paper (Fang EF et al., Ageing Re. Rev. 2015).


id: cord-253286-ieyqoxe6
title: Traditional Chinese medicine in the Chinese health care system
author: Xu, Judy
date: 2008-10-22
txt: ./txt/cord-253286-ieyqoxe6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-253286-ieyqoxe6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.09.003
doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.09.003
summary:
  OBJECTIVES: This study examines the role and value of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the current health care system in China. In addition to the Drug Administration Law of the People''s Republic of China, Chinese herbal medicine production, distribution, pricing, and utilization are under the regulations of different government agencies, such as the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration and the National Development and Reform Commission. In health centers, Chinese herbal medicine revenue represented less than 15% of the total medication revenue. A study showed that only 30,000 TCM doctors in China are still prescribing raw/sliced herbal medicine based on TCM theory and Chinese herbology [9] . In addition to investigating and releasing information on adverse-reaction and medical errors, the government can also provide knowledge and studies on the current development of Traditional Medicine and Alternative and Complementary Medicine in western health systems.

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: This study examines the role and value of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the current health care system in China. METHODS: Based on literature review and publicly available data in China. RESULTS: The study shows that TCM is well integrated in the Chinese health care system as one of the two mainstream medical practices. Also, the Chinese government is supportive of TCM development by increasing investment in TCM research and administration. However, there is downsizing of TCM utilization, a lack of TCM professionals with genuine TCM knowledge and skills, and limitations of and increasing public opinions on modernization and westernization. CONCLUSIONS: TCM is still facing many challenges in playing critical roles in improving public health in China. These challenges can be explained from different perspectives. In addition to the unique characteristics of TCM, economic, cultural, and historical evolution in China may also be major determinants.


id: cord-257749-eyhsc8q8
title: Genus Psoralea: A review of the traditional and modern uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology
author: Koul, Bhupendra
date: 2019-03-25
txt: ./txt/cord-257749-eyhsc8q8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-257749-eyhsc8q8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874118313783
doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.036
summary:
  These bioactive compounds belong to different chemical classes, including flavonoids, coumarins, furanocoumarins, chalcones, quinines, terpenoids and some others due to which these species exhibit significant anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-helmintic, anti-diabetic, diuretic, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer and anti-tumor activities. The active compound, bakuchiol (155) is a monoterpene phenol, has been obtained in a pure state and named after Sanskrit name of the plant (Mehta et al., 1973) and possess the potent anti-bacterial property (Satyavati et al., 1987) . corylifolia, several bioactive compounds such as bakuchiol (155), psoralen (92), isopsoralen (2), corylin (187), corylifolin (185) and psoralidin (228) were screened for their anti-oxidant potential. Studies on extraction and isolation of active constituents from Psoralea corylifolia and the anti-tumor effect of the constituents in vitro Anti-fungal activity of aqueous and solvent extracts of seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L.

abstract:
  ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The genus Psoralea (Fabaceae) harbours 105 accepted species that are extensively used by local peoples and medicinal practitioners of China, India, and other countries for treatment of tooth decay, psoriasis, leucoderma, leprosy, kidney problems, tuberculosis, indigestion, constipation and impotence. Presently, pharmacological research reports are available on only few species namely Bituminaria bituminosa (Syn: P. bituminosa), P. canescens, P. corylifolia, P. esculenta, P. plicata and P. glandulosa which are valued for their chemical constituents and traditional uses. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review article provides explicit information on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of selected Psoralea species. The possible trends and perspectives for future research on these plants are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An extensive and systematic review of the extant literature was carried out, and the data under various sections were identified using a computerized bibliographic search via the PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE, EMBASE, INMEDPLAN, NATTS as well as several websites. KEY FINDINGS: A total of 291 bioactive compounds from 06 species of genus Psoralea have been isolated and characterized. However, P. bituminosa alone possess nearly 150 compounds. These bioactive compounds belong to different chemical classes, including flavonoids, coumarins, furanocoumarins, chalcones, quinines, terpenoids and some others due to which these species exhibit significant anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-helmintic, anti-diabetic, diuretic, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer and anti-tumor activities. P. corylifolia L. (Babchi), a Chinese traditional medicinal plant has been used in traditional medicine for many decades for its healing properties against numerous skin diseases such as leprosy, psoriasis and leucoderma. CONCLUSIONS: The in vitro studies and in vivo models have provided a simple bio-scientific justification for various ethnopharmacological uses of Psoralea species. From the toxicological perspective, the root, leaf, and seed extracts and their preparations have been proven to be safe when consumed in the recommended doses. But, meticulous studies on the pharmaceutical standardization, mode of action of the active constituents, and sustainable conservation of Psoralea species are needed, to meet the growing demands of the pharmaceutical industries, and to fully exploit their preventive and therapeutic potentials.


id: cord-258792-4lakgpxp
author: Yoon, Sung‐Won
date: 2008-04-08
txt: ./txt/cord-258792-4lakgpxp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258792-4lakgpxp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9469.2008.00009.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1754-9469.2008.00009.x
summary:
  Unless and until the Chinese leadership examines the nationalistic element embedded in their approach towards growing disease Sung-Won Yoon: Sovereign Dignity, Nationalism and the Health of a Nation epidemics and globalising health challenges, China''s ascendance to great power status will actually be harmed rather than helped. A major factor behind the government''s recent change in its attitude towards the AIDS epidemic seemed to be the outbreak of SARS in China in Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism: Vol. 8, No. 1, 2008 2003, which exposed the dangers of not reacting to emerging infectious diseases. It is argued that global health governance may influence the nation''s response to the threats posed by emerging infectious diseases such as SARS or AIDS as a mode of building political compromises but does not considerably alter the nation''s behaviour, at least for China.

title:
  Sovereign Dignity, Nationalism and the Health of a Nation: A Study of China''s Response in Combat of Epidemics

abstract:
  This paper seeks to understand the role of nationalism in China's policy towards the combat of emerging infectious diseases. By locating nationalism as a factor which facilitates or impedes global governance and international collaboration, this paper explores how nationalism influences China's political decision‐making. Given her historical experience, China has in its national psyche an impulse never to become ‘the sick man of the East’ again. Today, China's willingness to co‐operate with international bodies emanates out of reputational concerns rather than technical‐medical considerations. This was clearly manifested in her handling of two epidemics in recent years: the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and HIV/AIDS episodes. This paper concludes that China's nationalism plays an inhibiting role in China's attempts to further incorporate herself into the architecture of global health governance in the long run.


id: cord-258991-mrs5j2ep
author: Huang, Yeen
date: 2020-04-12
txt: ./txt/cord-258991-mrs5j2ep.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258991-mrs5j2ep.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
summary:
  title: Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 7,236 self-selected volunteers assessed with demographic information, COVID-19 related knowledge, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (< 35 years) and time spent focusing on the COVID-19 (≥ 3 hours per day) were associated with GAD, and healthcare workers were at high risk for poor sleep quality. Therefore, using a web-based cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the mental health burden of Chinese public during COVID-19 outbreak, and to explore the potential influence factors. All subjects reported their demographic data, COVID-19 related information, and completed three standardized questionnaires which assessed their generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Our web-based study shows a high prevalence of GAD and poor sleep quality in the Chinese public during COVID-19 outbreak.

title:
  Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey

abstract:
  China has been severely affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) since December, 2019. We aimed to assess the mental health burden of Chinese public during the outbreak, and to explore the potential influence factors. Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 7,236 self-selected volunteers assessed with demographic information, COVID-19 related knowledge, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. The overall prevalence of GAD, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality of the public were 35.1%, 20.1%, and 18.2%, respectively. Young people reported a significantly higher prevalence of GAD and depressive symptoms than older people. Compared with other occupational group, healthcare workers were more likely to have poor sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (< 35 years) and time spent focusing on the COVID-19 (≥ 3 hours per day) were associated with GAD, and healthcare workers were at high risk for poor sleep quality. Our study identified a major mental health burden of the public during the COVID-19 outbreak. Young people, people spending too much time thinking about the outbreak, and healthcare workers were at high risk of mental illness. Continuous surveillance of the psychological consequences for outbreaks should become routine as part of preparedness efforts worldwide.


id: cord-260565-cdthfl5f
author: Burkle, Frederick M.
date: 2020-04-02
txt: ./txt/cord-260565-cdthfl5f.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-260565-cdthfl5f.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x20000424
doi: 10.1017/s1049023x20000424
summary:
  While China is seeking to adhere as much as possible to the underlying norms and rules of global institutions," reemphasizing that China after SARS "perhaps [needs] to reframe health as a global public good that is available to each and every individual of the world, rather than merely as an issue of concern to nation-states." 37 In a rare openness, rarely seen before, the normally secretive Xi admitted at a meeting to coordinate the fight against the virus that China must learn from "obvious shortcomings exposed during its response." Yet given the second-guessing that always surfaces in these tragedies, "it cannot be denied that the Chinese government tried to control the narrative, another sign of irrational hubris, and as a result, the contagion was allowed to spread, contributing to equally irrational fear." A China researcher for Human Rights Watch (New York USA) noted: "authorities are as equally, if not more, concerned with silencing criticism as with containing the spread of the coronavirus.

title:
  Declining Public Health Protections within Autocratic Regimes: Impact on Global Public Health Security, Infectious Disease Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics

abstract:
  Public health emergencies of international concern, in the form of infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics, represent an increasing risk to the worldʼs population. Management requires coordinated responses, across many disciplines and nations, and the capacity to muster proper national and global public health education, infrastructure, and prevention measures. Unfortunately, increasing numbers of nations are ruled by autocratic regimes which have characteristically failed to adopt investments in public health infrastructure, education, and prevention measures to keep pace with population growth and density. Autocratic leaders have a direct impact on health security, a direct negative impact on health, and create adverse political and economic conditions that only complicate the crisis further. This is most evident in autocratic regimes where health protections have been seriously and purposely curtailed. All autocratic regimes define public health along economic and political imperatives that are similar across borders and cultures. Autocratic regimes are seriously handicapped by sociopathic narcissistic leaders who are incapable of understanding the health consequences of infectious diseases or the impact on their population. A cross section of autocratic nations currently experiencing the impact of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) are reviewed to demonstrate the manner where self-serving regimes fail to manage health crises and place the rest of the world at increasing risk. It is time to re-address the pre-SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) global agendas calling for stronger strategic capacity, legal authority, support, and institutional status under World Health Organization (WHO) leadership granted by an International Health Regulations Treaty. Treaties remain the most successful means the world has in preventing, preparing for, and controlling epidemics in an increasingly globalized world. “Honesty is worth a lot more than hope…” The Economist, February 17, 2020.


id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw
title: The Politics of Blaming: the Narrative Battle between China and the US over COVID-19
author: Jaworsky, Bernadette Nadya
date: 2020-09-01
txt: ./txt/cord-261971-rt6uo9pw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-261971-rt6uo9pw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32904977/
doi: 10.1007/s11366-020-09690-8
summary:
  16 Meanwhile, however, another MFA Spokesperson, Zhao Lijian, tweeted on the same day, "It might be US army who brought the epidemic to Wuhan." 17 On March 16, Trump again referred to the "Chinese Virus," 18 and during a White House press briefing on the 17th, he defended his use of the term: "I didn''t appreciate the fact that China was saying that our military gave it to them." 19 He also rejected the idea that such a term creates a stigma: "I don''t think so. Pushing back, The People''s Daily published an article entitled, "US COVID-19 statistics challenged by multiple research: lethal virus is far more widespread in the country than previously thought." 28 Meanwhile, in Washington, Trump claimed on April 23 that he has evidence that gives him "high level confidence" that the virus came from the Wuhan Institute of Virology in China.

abstract:
  During the COVID-19 pandemic, we are witnessing a surge of nationalism throughout an ostensibly globalized world. In this article, we focus on the “narrative battle” over COVID-19 that has escalated between two competing major powers – China and the US. Guided by a cultural sociological approach, we reveal the meaning-making processes behind the narrative battle through in-depth, hermeneutical reconstruction of the “reactive performance” of each country, as articulated in political speeches and mass media. We point out that, in the Chinese narrative, the country emerges from a “century of humiliation,” becoming a major world power that will no longer be subject to the “bullying” of the West. In the US narrative, even though Trump initially highlights the country’s “very good” relationship with China, as the storyline unfolds, China is blamed for the global pandemic, assuming again the role of a dangerous actor on the world stage. Our research shows that the current reactive communicative mechanism is not only unsustainable, but also dangerous in times of crisis. We suggest that recognition of the narrative battle and acknowledgement of its performative function in the public sphere is the first step toward mutual understanding and meaningful dialogue between these two world powers.


id: cord-262201-4pab383g
title: Chinese herbs in treatment of influenza: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
author: Wang, Lei
date: 2010-06-22
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2010.05.015
doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.05.015
abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Antiwei, a traditional Chinese prescription, in the treatment of influenza. METHODS: In a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited 480 adults aged 18 to 65 years within 36 h of onset of influenza-like symptoms. There were 225 patients with confirmed influenza. Eligible patients were randomly assigned 6 g of Antiwei (n = 360) or placebo (n = 120) twice daily for three days. All patients recorded their temperature and symptoms on diary cards during treatment. Analyses were performed in both the influenza-like population and the influenza-confirmed population. RESULTS: Antiwei increased patients’ recovery by 17% (P < 0.001), and reduced the severity of illness measured by the median symptom score by 50% (P < 0.001) in both the influenza-like and the influenza-confirmed populations, compared to placebo. The influenza-confirmed patients reported reductions in the severity of fever (P = 0.002), cough (P = 0.023) and expectoration (P = 0.004) after one-day of treatment with Antiwei, compared to placebo. The adverse event profiles were similar for Antiwei and placebo. CONCLUSION: Antiwei was effective and well tolerated in treatment of natural influenza infection in adults. Antiwei represents a clinically valuable intervention in the management of influenza.


id: cord-262936-yo6jf3ng
author: Deng, Jia-gang
date: 2020-06-02
txt: ./txt/cord-262936-yo6jf3ng.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-262936-yo6jf3ng.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638420300484?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.05.003
summary:
  This paper manly reviews the achievements of the implementation of the epidemic prevention and control plan, advances of scientific basic studies on SARS-CoV-2, analysis and screening of potential targets and pathways of antiviral compounds based on network pharmacology and development of antiviral food dual-use products. After the outbreak of COVID-19, the research team of GXUCM responded actively, and the application for two special science and technology projects to prevent and control pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Guangxi in 2020 was approved, including Sino-Singapore cooperation for evaluating the effectiveness and application of Guangxi Zhuang/Yao medicines against In summary, this paper manly contents achievements of the implementation of the epidemic prevention and control plan, advance of scientific basic studies on SARS-CoV-2, analysis and screening of potential targets and pathways of antiviral compounds based on network pharmacology and development of antiviral food dual-use products.

title:
  Carry forward advantages of traditional medicines in prevention and control of outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic

abstract:
  Members of the China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research used the video conference platform to exchange and discuss the advantages of traditional medicine through the form of score exchange and report, and research and develop the amount and issues of the therapeutic COVID-19 products of concern. This paper manly reviews the achievements of the implementation of the epidemic prevention and control plan, advances of scientific basic studies on SARS-CoV-2, analysis and screening of potential targets and pathways of antiviral compounds based on network pharmacology and development of antiviral food dual-use products. The authors believe that the declaration of the (10+3) special meeting of national leaders on epidemic prevention and control should raise the medical and pharmaceutical issues of common concern. It is the responsibility of our joint laboratory members to accelerate the development of traditional medicine research and industry. Also the authors believe that this exchange will certainly promote the development of the cause of cooperation.


id: cord-264675-w8ptpg0b
author: Bai, Chengke
date: 2020-12-15
txt: ./txt/cord-264675-w8ptpg0b.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-264675-w8ptpg0b.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S092666902030902X
doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112985
summary:
  title: Growth years and post-harvest processing methods have critical roles on the contents of medicinal active ingredients of Scutellaria baicalensis In addition, the effects of six different post-harvest treatments on the contents of active ingredients were systematically designed and compared to determine the best primary processing technology. For the effects of different processing treatments, the contents of four main active ingredients (baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin) under drying (D) and cutting-drying (C–D) treatments were significantly higher than those of the other four treatments (P ≤ 0.05). Specifically, the processing methods including removing impurities, stacking, steaming, slicing, and drying have significant effects on the contents of active ingredients of Chinese medicinal materials (Nozad et al., 2016; Guo et al., 2015; Azizi, 2008) . baicalensis from growing 1-15 years were compared and analyzed to determine the optimal harvest time; (2) six medicinal active ingredients in the parts of stele and cortex in roots of 2-year and 15-year old S.

title:
  Growth years and post-harvest processing methods have critical roles on the contents of medicinal active ingredients of Scutellaria baicalensis

abstract:
  Optimizing the processing technology is an effective way to improve the yield of active ingredients for the industrial production of medicinal crops. Baikal Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) is a perennial herb in the Lamiaceae family and its dried root is used as a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the active ingredients of S. baicalensis have important pharmacological effects including anti-oxidation, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammation. Specifically, it is recently found that S. baicalensis has significant curative effects on the treatment of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In recent years, the market demand for the medicinal products of S. baicalensis is increasing because of its great medicinal values. However, the annual yield of active ingredients originated from the root of S. baicalensis is limited due to that little progress has been made on the traditional processing technology used in the extraction process. A pressing issue faced by both herbalists and scientists is how to improve the processing efficiency, thereby obtaining the maximum yield of products for S. baicalensis. In this study, a systematic analysis on the effects of growth years and post-harvest processing on the contents of medicinal active ingredients of S. baicalensis was conducted. The contents of eight active ingredients (baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, scutellarin, scutellarein, apigenin, and chrysin) in roots of S. baicalensis of different growth years (ranging from 1 year to 15 years) were estimated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and further analyzed to determine the optimal harvest period. In particular, the contents of six active ingredients in different parts (cortex and stele) of the root of S. baicalensis were estimated and compared. Meanwhile, the dynamic changes of the contents of active ingredients in fresh-crush and fresh-cut roots of S. baicalensis at room temperature were compared and analyzed to reveal the influence of post-harvest treatment on the contents of active ingredients. In addition, the effects of six different post-harvest treatments on the contents of active ingredients were systematically designed and compared to determine the best primary processing technology. The results showed that the best harvesting period for S. baicalensis should be determined as 2–3 years based on comprehensive evaluation of active ingredient content, annual yield increment, and land use efficiency. The contents of active ingredients including baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin in cortex were significantly higher than those in stele (P ≤ 0.05). The contents of baicalin, wogonoside, and scutellarin in fresh roots of S. baicalensis significantly reduced as the storage time increased, but the reduction of fresh-cutting was significantly lower than that of fresh-crushing. For the effects of different processing treatments, the contents of four main active ingredients (baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin) under drying (D) and cutting-drying (C–D) treatments were significantly higher than those of the other four treatments (P ≤ 0.05). Collectively, the above results will not only provide novel processing methods that will improve the yield of active ingredients for S. baicalensis, but also shed light on the optimization of processing technology for the industrial production of medicinal crops.


id: cord-266211-cz7m1iqk
title: The current state of cardiology in China
author: Cheng, Tsung O.
date: 2004-03-25
txt: ./txt/cord-266211-cz7m1iqk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-266211-cz7m1iqk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0167527303004893
doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.10.011
summary:
  As was recently reported from the Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing [52] , where I performed China''s first selective cine coronary arteriogram in 1973 [6] , in an analysis of 9196 cases from October 1987 to December 2000, death, myocardial infarction, stroke, serious arrhythmias, peripheral vascular complications, and allergic reactions to the contrast media were 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.01%, 0.29%, 0.26%, and 0.04%, respectively, as compared to 0.10%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.47%, 0.46%, and 0.23% in an analysis of 222,553 cases between 1984 and 1987 from the Registry of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions [53] .

abstract:
  Cardiology in China has shown significant changes in the last decade or so. Interventional cardiology, in particular, has shown remarkable advances, especially in the management of coronary artery disease, which, unfortunately, has shown a disconcerting increase in incidence in a country traditionally known for very low incidence of coronary artery disease. Important contributing factors include increasing affluence, westernization of dietary habit and lifestyle, and rampant cigarette smoking. At present, the Chinese population has an annual coronary mortality of one sixth of that reported in the West, an incidence of acute myocardial infarction of one tenth to one eighth, and a mortality of acute myocardial infarction of one eighth. The prevalence of coronary artery disease among the general Chinese population (3–7%) is roughly one quarter of that among the Caucasians in the West, but this will get worse for sure. China still has a lot of catching up to do to reach full modernization. There is a price that every developing country must pay for modernization. However, let the price the Chinese pay not exceed the benefits derived from modernization. Can we achieve a utopian stage in the 21st century in which the modern Chinese retain their ancestral low rates of coronary artery disease while adapting the positive aspects of a modern western lifestyle?


id: cord-266257-hp11at50
author: Zhang, Yao
date: 2020-05-25
txt: ./txt/cord-266257-hp11at50.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-266257-hp11at50.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32466163/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103722
summary:
  The focus of this longitudinal study is twofold: (1) To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 severity on Chinese college students'' mental health and life status and explore the underlying mechanisms of this effect during the peak time of the COVID-19, from February 19 to March 20, 2020; and (2) to assess the mitigation effects of exercise on negative emotions and advance a suitable physical activity level as a psychological intervention strategy to improve mental health. The focus of this longitudinal study is twofold: (1) To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 severity on Chinese college students'' mental health and life status and explore the underlying mechanisms of this effect during the peak time of the COVID-19, from February 19 to March 20, 2020; and (2) to assess the mitigation effects of exercise on negative emotions and advance a suitable physical activity level as a psychological intervention strategy to improve mental health.

title:
  Mental Health Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemics and the Mitigation Effects of Exercise: A Longitudinal Study of College Students in China

abstract:
  (1) Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency that has caused worldwide concern. Vast resources have been allocated to control the pandemic and treat patients. However, little attention has been paid to the adverse impact on mental health or effective mitigation strategies to improve mental health. (2) Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the adverse impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Chinese college students’ mental health, understand the underlying mechanisms, and explore feasible mitigation strategies. (3) Methods: During the peak time of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, we conducted longitudinal surveys of sixty-six college students. Structured questionnaires collected information on demographics, physical activity, negative emotions, sleep quality, and aggressiveness level. A mixed-effect model was used to evaluate associations between variables, and the mediating effect of sleep quality was further explored. A generalized additive model was used to determine the dose-response relationships between the COVID-19 death count, physical activity, and negative emotions. (4) Results: The COVID-19 death count showed a direct negative impact on general sleep quality (β = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.55, 2.19) and reduced aggressiveness (β = −6.57, 95% CI: −12.78, −0.36). In contrast, the COVID-19 death count imposed not a direct but an indirect impact on general negative emotions (indirect effect (IE) = 0.81, p = 0.012), stress (IE = 0.40, p < 0.001), and anxiety (IE = 0.27, p = 0.004) with sleep quality as a mediator. Moreover, physical activity directly alleviated general negative emotions (β = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.22, −0.01), and the maximal mitigation effect occurred when weekly physical activity was about 2500 METs. (5) Conclusions: (a) The severity of the COVID-19 outbreak has an indirect effect on negative emotions by affecting sleep quality. (b) A possible mitigation strategy for improving mental health includes taking suitable amounts of daily physical activity and sleeping well. (c) The COVID-19 outbreak has reduced people’s aggressiveness, probably by making people realize the fragility and preciousness of life.


id: cord-268179-bmtfanax
title: Bibliometric Analysis on COVID-19: A Comparison of Research Between English and Chinese Studies
author: Fan, Jingchun
date: 2020-08-14
txt: ./txt/cord-268179-bmtfanax.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-268179-bmtfanax.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00477
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00477
summary:
  Conclusions: The publications in English have enabled medical practitioners and scientists to share/exchange information, while on the other hand, the publications in the Chinese language have provided complementary educational approaches for the local medical practitioners to understand the essential and key information to manage COVID-19 in the relatively remote regions of China, for the general population with a general level of education. We set either twice or four times as the minimum frequency of keywords occurrence in English or Chinese publications, respectively, reflecting the number of included studies (143 or 721, respectively) and the consequent analysis results. The publications in English have enabled doctors/scientists to share/exchange information at the international level; the publications in the Chinese language provides complementary educational approaches for the local doctors to understand the essential and key information to manage COVID-19 in the relatively remote regions of China for the general population.

abstract:
  Background: As an emerging infectious disease, COVID-19 has garnered great research interest. We aimed to explore the differences between English language and Chinese language Medical/Scientific journals publications, particularly aiming to explore the efficacy/contents of the literature published in English and Chinese in relation to the outcomes of management and characterization of COVID-19 during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Publications on COVID-19 research were retrieved from both English and Chinese databases. Bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer 1.6.14, and CiteSpace V software. Network maps were generated to evaluate the collaborations between different authors, countries/provinces, and institutions. Results: A total of 143 English and 721 Chinese original research articles and reviews on COVID-19 were included in our study. Most of the authors and institutions of the papers were from China before March 1st, 2020, however, the distribution of authors and institutions were mainly in developed countries or more wealthy areas of China. The range of the keywords in English publications was more extensive than those in Chinese. Traditional Chinese Medicine was seen more frequently in Chinese papers than in English. Of the 143 articles published in English, 54 articles were published by Chinese authors only and 21 articles were published jointly by Chinese and other overseas authors. Conclusions: The publications in English have enabled medical practitioners and scientists to share/exchange information, while on the other hand, the publications in the Chinese language have provided complementary educational approaches for the local medical practitioners to understand the essential and key information to manage COVID-19 in the relatively remote regions of China, for the general population with a general level of education.


id: cord-269958-nj0ub9in
title: COVID‐19, nationalism, and the politics of crisis: A scholarly exchange
author: Woods, Eric Taylor
date: 2020-07-19
txt: ./txt/cord-269958-nj0ub9in.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-269958-nj0ub9in.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12644
doi: 10.1111/nana.12644
summary:
  This is deepening as Taiwan gains substantial support from other democratic states, while China appears to be taking advantage of the health crisis to step up its naval and air force intrusions into the waters around the island and into the South China Sea. This growing linkage of the pandemic with the national security of the United States and China creates a context within which individuals in both countries are likely to be harassed as carriers of COVID-19, especially in the context of the rising populism that is highlighted by Miller-Idriss.

abstract:
  In this article, several scholars of nationalism discuss the potential for the COVID‐19 pandemic to impact the development of nationalism and world politics. To structure the discussion, the contributors respond to three questions: (1) how should we understand the relationship between nationalism and COVID‐19; (2) will COVID‐19 fuel ethnic and nationalist conflict; and (3) will COVID‐19 reinforce or erode the nation‐state in the long run? The contributors formulated their responses to these questions near to the outset of the pandemic, amid intense uncertainty. This made it acutely difficult, if not impossible, to make predictions. Nevertheless, it was felt that a historically and theoretically informed discussion would shed light on the types of political processes that could be triggered by the COVID‐19 pandemic. In doing so, the aim is to help orient researchers and policy‐makers as they grapple with what has rapidly become the most urgent issue of our times.


id: cord-271853-wexe9gq0
title: Social Policy Responses to the Covid-19 Crisis in China in 2020
author: Lu, Quan
date: 2020-08-14
txt: ./txt/cord-271853-wexe9gq0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-271853-wexe9gq0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165896
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165896
summary:
  The central government has played a proactive role by issuing a number of key policies in the field of social security, effectively relieving the anxiety of patients infected with Covid-19 and their families from the financial burden of medical treatment, and also fully mobilizing social resources to effectively support the resumption of work and production. Therefore, this article will specifically analyze how different types of current social security programs have responded to the outbreak and the outcome of the pandemic-related crisis and highlight the However, interventions through social protection policy and questions that must be reconsidered in relation to disease-related crises have been largely neglected in academic research. Effective medical security measures, mainly medical social insurance, were taken in a timely manner during the Covid-19 crisis in China, so that patients and their families are relieved from worrying about treatment costs, specifically: (1) Shortly after the outbreak, the state issued a policy to include drugs and medical services for the treatment of the new coronavirus as part of the payment range for the medical insurance fund.

abstract:
  The 2020 coronavirus pandemic has catapulted China into a serious social and political crisis. This article focuses upon how Chinese social policy has responded to the Covid-19 crisis. It reveals that the Chinese welfare state has woven a comprehensive social safety net to mitigate the social suffering of Chinese society in the mid- and post-crisis periods. Different types of social policy programs have been combined and synthesized, including social insurance, social assistance, and social welfare arrangements. Facing the challenges of the new risks caused by the pandemic, the collaboration of the Chinese state and intermediary social welfare organizations has played a crucial role in providing both cash benefits and social services (benefits in kind). For the first time, social policy in China has acted as a major player for coping with the negative outcomes of a pandemic. This article concludes that the pandemic-related crisis has justified an interventionist approach and logic, driven by the state’s welfare system, which favors a model of “big government”. However, this model also requires justification and legitimation.


id: cord-272465-i2l4cq8h
title: New Potential Pharmacological Functions of Chinese Herbal Medicines via Regulation of Autophagy
author: Law, Betty Yuen Kwan
date: 2016-03-17
txt: ./txt/cord-272465-i2l4cq8h.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-272465-i2l4cq8h.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26999089/
doi: 10.3390/molecules21030359
summary:
  Hinders α-synuclein accumulation in neural cells and suppression of the proliferation of glioma cells through induction of autophagy [162, 163] Radix salviae miltiorrhizae (Dan shen) Moves blood, breaks up blood stasis, cools heat, cools blood Tanshinone IIA Induction of autophagic cell death of leukemia via activation of AMPK/mTOR, ERK/mTOR and p70 S6K signaling [164] Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan xiong) Moves blood, moves and regulates qi, dispels wind Ligustrazine Akebia saponin PA (AS) is one of the bioactive components found in Radix dipsaci, AS induced autophagic and apoptotic cell death of gastric cancer cells through both the AMPK/mTOR and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and the downstream activation of p38/JNK molecular pathway, which facilitated capase-3-dependent apoptosis [147] . However, alisol B has been reported as a new autophagy inducer functioning through activation of CaMKK/AMPK/mTOR signaling, induction of apoptosis and triggering of cell death in breast cancer cells [156] . Gambogic acid induced oxidative stress dependent caspase activation regulates both apoptosis and autophagy by targeting various key molecules (Nf-κB, Beclin-1, p62 and NBR1) in human bladder cancer cells

abstract:
  Autophagy is a universal catabolic cellular process for quality control of cytoplasm and maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon nutrient deprivation and environmental stimulus. It involves the lysosomal degradation of cellular components such as misfolded proteins or damaged organelles. Defects in autophagy are implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases including cancers, myopathy, neurodegenerations, infections and cardiovascular diseases. In the recent decade, traditional drugs with new clinical applications are not only commonly found in Western medicines, but also highlighted in Chinese herbal medicines (CHM). For instance, pharmacological studies have revealed that active components or fractions from Chaihu (Radix bupleuri), Hu Zhang (Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati), Donglingcao (Rabdosia rubesens), Hou po (Cortex magnoliae officinalis) and Chuan xiong (Rhizoma chuanxiong) modulate cancers, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease via autophagy. These findings shed light on the potential new applications and formulation of CHM decoctions via regulation of autophagy. This article reviews the roles of autophagy in the pharmacological actions of CHM and discusses their new potential clinical applications in various human diseases.


id: cord-273388-615acz0l
title: The Impact of Emerging Infectious Diseases on Chinese Blood Safety()
author: He, Miao
date: 2016-11-04
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27923518/
doi: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.10.002
abstract:
  Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have always been one of the major threats to public health. Although the implementation of mandatory testing for 4 classical transfusion-transmitted infectious—human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis—has reduced the transfusion risk of these pathogens, the potential threat of various EID agents and their constantly evolving variants to blood safety in China is not fully understood. This review presents 9 representative EID agents that are autochthonous and epidemic nationally or regionally in China. The epidemiologic status and distribution of these EID agents among donors and/or healthy populations are summarized. The potential risks of these EID agents to blood safety are discussed. The review also explores strategies to strengthen hemovigilance systems and studies to further evaluate the impact of EID agents on blood safety.


id: cord-273941-gu6nnv9d
title: Chapter 5 Network Pharmacology
author: Chandran, Uma
date: 2017-12-31
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128018149000052
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801814-9.00005-2
abstract:
  Abstract The one-drug/one-target/one-disease approach to drug discovery is presently facing many challenges of safety, efficacy, and sustainability. Network biology and polypharmacology approaches gained appreciation recently as methods for omics data integration and multitarget drug development, respectively. The combination of these two approaches created a novel paradigm called network pharmacology (NP) that looks at the effect of drugs on both the interactome and the diseasome level. Ayurveda, the traditional system of Indian medicine, uses intelligent formulations containing multiple ingredients and multiple bioactive compounds; however, the scientific rationale and mechanisms remain largely unexplored. NP approaches can serve as a valuable tool for evidence-based Ayurveda to understand the medicines’ putative actions, indications, and mechanisms. This chapter discusses NP and its potential to explore traditional medicine systems to overcome the drug discovery impasse.


id: cord-275171-uokqn2u8
title: Wildlife trade, consumption and conservation awareness in southwest China
author: Zhang, Li
date: 2008-03-21
txt: ./txt/cord-275171-uokqn2u8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-275171-uokqn2u8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9358-8
doi: 10.1007/s10531-008-9358-8
summary:
  2. The current situation includes four types of consumer behavior among Chinese urban residents: using wild animals as food, using medicine or tonic products containing wildlife ingredients, wearing ornaments and garments made from wildlife, and keeping wildlife as pets. Regarding wild animal protection work, the percentage of those not supportive is much higher among heavy consumers than among the other two groups. With regard to the willingness to participate in public benefit activities for wild animal protection, a high percentage of heavy consumers are willing to take part in ecological tourism and provide monetary support, but the percentage of those willing to change their consumption behavior is lower than the other two groups. In this survey, we find that currently a high percentage of Chinese urban residents is still not clear about what wild animals are protected.

abstract:
  Commercial trade in wildlife is the major cause of species endangerment and a main threat to animal welfare in China and its neighboring countries. Driven by consumptive use for food and traditional medicine, the large volume of both legal and illegal trade in wildlife has caused great destruction to ecosystems and pushed many species to the brink of extinction. Data gathered from trading hubs at ports, boundary markets, city markets and stores, indicates the large amount of wildlife traded in the region of Guangxi, Yunnan and Qinghai provinces, a direct result of the numerous wildlife markets available. In a survey distributed in various trading places, while about half of the respondents agreed that wildlife should be protected, 60% of them had consumed wildlife at some point in the last 2 years. The results also indicated that law and regulation on wildlife trade control is insufficient. Wildlife trade controls are very limited because of bias on the utilization of wildlife as a natural resource to be exploited by the government agencies. The survey also shows that the current situation of wildlife consumption in key cities in China is serious, especially the consumption for food. The main consumption groups in China are male and young people with high education levels and good incomes. The key in public awareness publicity and education is to give them more information on the negative impacts of wildlife consumption and knowledge of protection.


id: cord-275813-iddn9onx
author: Croddy, Eric
date: 2003-10-09
txt: ./txt/cord-275813-iddn9onx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-275813-iddn9onx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14551672/
doi: 10.1007/s00204-003-0509-0
summary:
  One rat poison, tetramine (tetramethylene disulfotetramine) is responsible for a great percentage of death and injury in the People''s Republic of China (PRC). Tetramine is an acutely toxic substance with human oral toxicity estimated as low as 0.1 mg/kg, and is widely available in open markets in mainland China—this despite being prohibited for manufacture or sale in the PRC. With no known effective antidote at this time, clinical data from the PRC show that acute cases of tetramine poisoning are extremely difficult to treat. Except for Tibet, open-source data from all mainland Chinese provinces have recorded major poisoning epiFig. 1 Three different structural representations of the same compound, tetramine sodes involving prohibited rodenticides (Zhou and Deng 2002) . In China, the rural customer has been particularly fond of rodenticides that act quickly, however, including the acutely toxic poisons that have been prohibited by the Chinese government.

title:
  Rat poison and food security in the People’s Republic of China: focus on tetramethylene disulfotetramine (tetramine)

abstract:
  The last several years have seen a large number of mass poisonings in mainland China, particularly those caused by illicit rodenticides. One rat poison, tetramine (tetramethylene disulfotetramine) is responsible for a great percentage of death and injury in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Tetramine is an acutely toxic substance with human oral toxicity estimated as low as 0.1 mg/kg, and is widely available in open markets in mainland China—this despite being prohibited for manufacture or sale in the PRC. Being a GABA antagonist, and having an extremely potent effect on the brain stem, many victims can quickly fall into convulsions and die within hours following ingestion. With no known effective antidote at this time, clinical data from the PRC show that acute cases of tetramine poisoning are extremely difficult to treat. The widespread use of tetramine—including its reported sale at a Malaysian outdoor market in September 2002—could exacerbate its hazard to public health, particularly in those areas having large overseas Chinese populations.


id: cord-276976-ybsk1r79
title: Factors Influencing Life Satisfaction of International Students in Mainland China
author: Jiang, Qinxu
date: 2020-08-04
txt: ./txt/cord-276976-ybsk1r79.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-276976-ybsk1r79.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836578/
doi: 10.1007/s10447-020-09409-7
summary:
  In this context, a general description of counseling services available in higher education institutions in China is provided, followed by suggestions for developing such services that address the specific needs of international students. Zhang and Goodson (2011) reviewed 64 peer-reviewed American journal articles published between 1990 and 2009 to investigate predictors of international students'' psychological adjustment to life in the U.S. Consistent with Smith and Khawaja''s (2011) findings, factors such as general stress, social support, language proficiency, the characteristics of the origin country, social connectedness with locals, gender, self-efficacy, personality and length of stay in the host location were most frequently reported as influences on adjustment. More recently, the following influences have gained attention in the literature, with seemingly more sophisticated variables being given attention: cultural distance/proximity, individual coping competence, campus support services, prior sojourn experience, and predeparture preparedness all seem to be particularly important for international students'' adjustments (Alemu and Cordier 2017; Ammigan and Jones 2018; Hennings and Tanabe 2018; Kosheleva et al.

abstract:
  China is advancing in its bid to internationalize higher education, but little is known to date about the life satisfaction of overseas students in that country. Life satisfaction can be understood as the extent to which individuals’ experiences in a host country help them achieve their personal goals and satisfy their expectations regarding acculturation. This paper examines past research, especially international literature, to provide an overview of factors that may influence the life satisfaction of international students in countries other than their own, and looks particularly at those matters that may also affect overseas students in China. Comparisons are made between variables identified in general and those in Asia, and specifically China. The findings have implications for policy-makers and university practitioners seeking to improve educational quality and counseling support services for international students.


id: cord-277446-0e6akcjf
title: China''s distinctive engagement in global health
author: Liu, Peilong
date: 2014-08-28
txt: ./txt/cord-277446-0e6akcjf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-277446-0e6akcjf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014067361460725X
doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60725-x
summary:
  China''s health aid deploys medical teams, constructs facilities, donates drugs and equipment, trains personnel, and supports malaria control mainly in Africa and Asia. Regression analysis of African countries with variables of health aid (medical teams, donated facilities, malaria control) and economic interests (petroleum imports, China''s foreign investment, and China''s imports and exports) yielded no signifi cant pattern. 29 International eff orts include active participation and leadership in many international forums that foster cooperation in compliance of disease reporting and control, as shown by the initiation of the UN resolution on enhancement of capacity-building in global public health in 2003, and the joint International Pledging Conference on Avian and Human Pandemic Infl uenza with China, the European Commission, and the World Bank held in Beijing in 2006.

abstract:
  China has made rapid progress in four key domains of global health. China's health aid deploys medical teams, constructs facilities, donates drugs and equipment, trains personnel, and supports malaria control mainly in Africa and Asia. Prompted by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, China has prioritised the control of cross-border transmission of infectious diseases and other health-related risks. In governance, China has joined UN and related international bodies and has begun to contribute to pooled multilateral funds. China is both a knowledge producer and sharer, offering lessons based on its health accomplishments, traditional Chinese medicine, and research and development investment in drug discovery. Global health capacity is being developed in medical universities in China, which also train foreign medical students. China's approach to global health is distinctive; different from other countries; and based on its unique history, comparative strength, and policies driven by several governmental ministries. The scope and depth of China's global engagement are likely to grow and reshape the contours of global health.


id: cord-278083-ut2ssdbz
author: Li, Juan
date: 2020-10-02
txt: ./txt/cord-278083-ut2ssdbz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-278083-ut2ssdbz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-020-00896-z
doi: 10.1186/s12199-020-00896-z
summary:
  title: A comparative study of international and Chinese public health emergency management from the perspective of knowledge domains mapping Figure 7 shows that the top 10 keywords ranked by citation count for the international database were public health (297), preparedness (215), emergency preparedness ( preparedness and monitoring for public health events, while Chinese research mainly focuses on analysis and disposition (Additional file 1: Table S5, Table S6 , and Figure S3 ). To further explain the above research hotspots, the top 8 cited articles are shown in Tables 2 and 3 article Elevated blood lead levels in children associated with the flint drinking water crisis: a spatial analysis of risk and public health response was the most cited (372) international article [43] followed by The 2006 California Heat Wave: Impacts on Hospitalizations and Emergency department visits [44] .

title:
  A comparative study of international and Chinese public health emergency management from the perspective of knowledge domains mapping

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: At the end of 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severely damaged and endangered people’s lives. The public health emergency management system in China has played an essential role in handling the response to the outbreak, which has been appreciated by the World Health Organization and some countries. Hence, it is necessary to conduct an overall analysis of the development of the health emergency management system in China. This can provide a reference for scholars to aid in understanding the current situation and to reveal new research topics. METHODS: We collected 2247 international articles from the Web of Science database and 959 Chinese articles from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database. Bibliometric and mapping knowledge domain analysis methods were used in this study for temporal distribution analysis, cooperation network analysis, and co-word network analysis. RESULTS: The first international article in this field was published in 1991, while the first Chinese article was published in 2005. The research institutions producing these studies mainly existed in universities and health organizations. Developed countries and European countries published the most articles overall, while eastern China published the most articles within China. There were 52 burst words for international articles published from 1999–2018 and 18 burst words for Chinese articles published from 2003–2018. International top-ranked articles according to the number of citations appeared in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2014, 2015, and 2016, while the corresponding Chinese articles appeared in 2003, 2004, 2009, and 2011. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in the regional and economic distribution of international and Chinese cooperation networks. International research is often related to timely issues mainly by focusing on emergency preparedness and monitoring of public health events, while China has focused on public health emergencies and their disposition. International research began on terrorism and bioterrorism, followed by disaster planning and emergency preparedness, epidemics, and infectious diseases. China considered severe acute respiratory syndrome as the starting research background and the legal system construction as the research starting point, which was followed by the mechanism, structure, system, and training abroad for public health emergency management.


id: cord-278117-hypyxzk2
author: Gao, Wayne
date: 2020-03-23
txt: ./txt/cord-278117-hypyxzk2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-278117-hypyxzk2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.19.20032532
doi: 10.1101/2020.03.19.20032532
summary:
  Method Using the descriptive results recently reported by the Chinese CDC, we compare the percentage of infected healthcare workers in severe conditions over time and across three areas in China, and the fatality rate of infected healthcare workers with all the infected individuals in China aged 22 to 59 years. Results Among the infected Chinese healthcare workers whose symptoms onset appeared during the same ten day period, the percentage of those in severe conditions decreased statistical significantly from 19.7% (Jan 11 to 20) to 14.4% (Jan 21 to 31) to 8.7% (Feb 1 to 11). Among the infected Chinese healthcare workers whose symptoms onset appeared during the same ten-day period, the percentage of those in severe conditions decreased statistical significantly from 19.7% (Jan 11 -20) to 14.4% (Jan 21 -31) to 8.7% (Feb 1 -11). Of the 149 Chinese health workers who were infected with COVID-19 outside of Wuhan City after February 1, only 4% were in severe condition (6/149) and there were no deaths.

title:
  Geo temporal distribution of 1,688 Chinese healthcare workers infected with COVID-19 in severe conditions, a secondary data analysis

abstract:
  Introduction The COVID 19 outbreak is posing an unprecedented challenge to healthcare workers. This study analyzes the geo temporal effects on disease severity for the 1,688 Chinese healthcare workers infected with COVID 19. Method Using the descriptive results recently reported by the Chinese CDC, we compare the percentage of infected healthcare workers in severe conditions over time and across three areas in China, and the fatality rate of infected healthcare workers with all the infected individuals in China aged 22 to 59 years. Results Among the infected Chinese healthcare workers whose symptoms onset appeared during the same ten day period, the percentage of those in severe conditions decreased statistical significantly from 19.7% (Jan 11 to 20) to 14.4% (Jan 21 to 31) to 8.7% (Feb 1 to 11). Across the country, there was also a significant difference in the disease severity among patients symptoms onset during the same period, with Wuhan being the most severe (17%), followed by Hubei Province (10.4%), and the rest of China (7.0%). The case fatality rate for the 1,688 infected Chinese healthcare workers was significantly lower than that for the 29,798 infected patients aged 20 to 59 years 0.3% (5/1,688) vs. 0.65% (193/29,798), respectively. Conclusion The disease severity improved considerably over a short period of time in China. The more severe conditions in Wuhan compared to the rest of the country may be attributable to the draconian lockdown. The clinical outcomes of infected Chinese healthcare workers may represent a more accurate estimation of the severity of COVID 19 for those who have access to quality healthcare.


id: cord-278817-dfxly2qg
author: Xiaoyan, Li
date: 2018-02-28
txt: ./txt/cord-278817-dfxly2qg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-278817-dfxly2qg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254627218301171
doi: 10.1016/j.jtcm.2018.02.011
summary:
  There were no significant differences in the time to alleviation of symptoms, incidence of complications, time to becoming afebrile, or rate of severe illness among the CHM, conventional, and combination treatment groups. The present study began in December 2009 in China and was supported by the Chinese government''s program on "Clinical research on H1N1 pandemic influenza treated with CHM." 14 The aim of the study was to determine how Chinese physicians treated patients with influenza-like illnesses in clinical practice and compare the effectiveness of different treatments for influenza. CHM combined with symptomatic treatment was the main form of therapy for influenza-like illness in clinical practice, especially for patients with severe symptoms. In this study, no significant differences were found in the time to alleviation of symptoms, incidence of complications, time until becoming afebrile, or rate of severe illness among the CHM, conventional treatment, and combined treatment groups.

title:
  Clinical outcomes of influenza-like illness treated with Chinese herbal medicine: an observational study

abstract:
  Abstract OBJECTIVE To present and analyze treatments and clinical outcomes of Chinese patients with influenza-like illness. METHODS We conducted a multi-site observational study from December 2009 to April 2010. Patients with influenza-like illness from 45 hospitals were enrolled. Patients received Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), conventional treatments, or CHM plus conventional treatments (combination treatment) according to the guidelines for influenza A/H1N1 2009 in China. The primary outcomes were the time to alleviation of symptoms and the incidence of complications. The secondary outcomes were the time until becoming afebrile, incidence of severe illness, testing negative on an influenza A viral test, and total medical fees. RESULTS In total, 5967 patients were enrolled. The percentages of patients prescribed CHM alone, conventional treatment, and combination treatment were 27.8%, 5.1%, and 67.7%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the time to alleviation of symptoms, incidence of complications, time to becoming afebrile, or rate of severe illness among the CHM, conventional, and combination treatment groups. The rates of testing negative on the influenza virus A rapid test and H1N1 virus test were 90.3% and 76.3%, respectively. However, significant differences were found in the total medical fees among the three groups: CHM treatments were more economical than the other two treatments. CONCLUSION The efficacy of CHM for influenza-like illness was not different from that of conventional treatments, but it was more economical.


id: cord-279227-l6keimm5
author: Li, Yuxi
date: 2020-08-03
txt: ./txt/cord-279227-l6keimm5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-279227-l6keimm5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01432-4
doi: 10.1186/s13643-020-01432-4
summary:
  title: Clinical practice guidelines and experts'' consensuses of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol of a systematic review The objective of this study will be to summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines about the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19 patients. DISCUSSION: This review will summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines and provide insight into the implementation strategies for traditional Chinese herbal medicine in COVID-19 patients. The objective of this systematic review is to systematically summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines about the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19 patients. Study design We will include clinical practice guidelines, experts'' consensus statements, and guidance documents (systematically developed statements to assist practitioners and patient decisions about appropriate healthcare for specific circumstances) published by any advising body or healthcare organization since December 2019, which provide information on the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine therapy for COVID-19 patients.

title:
  Clinical practice guidelines and experts’ consensuses of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol of a systematic review

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization declared on March 11, 2020, that the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) has escalated from epidemic into pandemic. As the initial outbreak area, China has taken multiple active measures to deal with the epidemic. Updated versions of diagnosis and treatment guideline for novel coronavirus (COVID-19) patients have been issued, and traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been recommended as a treatment. The objective of this study will be to summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines about the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19 patients. We will also evaluate and report on the methodological and reporting quality of these guidelines. METHODS: In this systematic review, we will search for guidelines, expert consensuses, and policy documents published since December 2019 in electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese databases) and on websites of governments or organizations (e.g., The National Guideline Clearinghouse [NGC], Guidelines International Network [GIN], National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network [SIGN], and WHO). Eligible documents will be independently selected, and relevant data will be independently extracted by two reviewers. We will also independently evaluate the methodological quality and reporting quality of the included guidelines, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch & Evaluation (AGREE) II tool and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) statement, respectively. Any discrepancies will be discussed and resolved through discussion among the reviewers. We will use the extracted information to summarize their recommendations for traditional Chinese herbal formulae and Chinese patent medicine for COVID-19 patients and to summarize the strength and quality of these recommendations with reference to the results of AGREE II and RIGHT tools. DISCUSSION: This review will summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines and provide insight into the implementation strategies for traditional Chinese herbal medicine in COVID-19 patients. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020179205


id: cord-279960-1phc0wds
title: Dietary Diversity among Chinese Residents during the COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Associated Factors
author: Zhao, Ai
date: 2020-06-06
txt: ./txt/cord-279960-1phc0wds.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-279960-1phc0wds.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32517210/
doi: 10.3390/nu12061699
summary:
  This study aimed to (1) explore the dietary diversity during the lockdown time in China and (2) examine factors associated with dietary diversity including socio-economic characteristics, sources for food and food purchases, and specific dietary behaviors responding to COVID-19 and isolation. Logistic regression was used to model the associations among HDDS, participants'' characteristics, approaches to purchase or obtain food, and behaviors adopted to cope with COVID-19. We also identified a total of 37.7% participants who consumed certain foods or nutritional supplements to cope with COVID-19, which included vitamin C, probiotics, other dietary supplements, alcohol, and vinegar. This study was conducted via a quick online survey to assess dietary diversity among Chinese residents during the time of isolation and "staying at home" due to COVID-19 and to explore its associated factors. Logistic regression was used to model the associations among HDDS, participants'' characteristics, approaches for food purchasing/sourcing, and certain dietary strategies to cope with COVID-19.

abstract:
  COVID-19, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, has imposed enormous challenges on the health system, economy, and food supply and has substantially modified people’s lifestyles. This study aimed to (1) explore the dietary diversity during the lockdown time in China and (2) examine factors associated with dietary diversity including socio-economic characteristics, sources for food and food purchases, and specific dietary behaviors responding to COVID-19 and isolation. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted online in March 2020. Multi-stage sampling was used to recruit participants living in Hubei Province and other parts of China. Dietary diversity was assessed using the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and clustering analysis was used to categorize people with different propensities of methods for purchasing or obtaining foods. Logistic regression was used to model the associations among HDDS, participants’ characteristics, approaches to purchase or obtain food, and behaviors adopted to cope with COVID-19. Results: A total of 1938 participants were included in the analysis. The overall mean HDDS was 9.7 ± 2.1, and the median (25th, 75th) was 10 (8, 12). There were relatively low consumptions of fish, legumes, and miscellaneous foods (e.g., processed food like snacks and beverages). After adjusting for age, family income, and geographic regions, people living in places where laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases were above 500 (OR(adjusted) = 0.79, 95%CI 0.65, 0.96), or living in Hubei Province (OR(adjusted) = 0.60, 95%CI 0.39, 0.93) had a lower HDDS. During isolation time, the most common sources for food and food purchases were in-house storage and in person grocery shopping. More than half of the participants (55.9%) purchased food at least once via online ordering and delivery services. There was no significant difference in HDDS among people with distinct dependences on different ways to obtain or purchase food (i.e., dependence on in-person grocery shopping, dependence on both in-house storage and in-person grocery shopping, or dependence on online food purchasing). We also identified a total of 37.7% participants who consumed certain foods or nutritional supplements to cope with COVID-19, which included vitamin C, probiotics, other dietary supplements, alcohol, and vinegar. People who reported these specific dietary behaviors had a significantly higher HDDS (OR(adjusted) = 1.23, 95%CI 1.02, 1.45) than those who did not do so. This study revealed an overall good dietary diversity among the studied Chinese residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we observed a lower dietary diversity among people living in areas with a high number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Online ordering and delivery services were popular and could serve as a feasible method to obtain and purchase food, contributing to ensure diversified diets during the time of lockdown. Certain dietary behaviors associated with COVID-19 were also identified and had significant impacts on HDDS.


id: cord-280691-nzc8ir0n
title: China’s “Gene War of the Century” and Its Aftermath: The Contest Goes On
author: Guo, Sun-Wei
date: 2013-08-30
txt: ./txt/cord-280691-nzc8ir0n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-280691-nzc8ir0n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32214463/
doi: 10.1007/s11024-013-9237-7
summary:
  Around 1997, and amid the talks of Hong Kong''s upcoming return to China and later the Asian financial crisis, a recurring topic in the Chinese media was the so-called ''''gene war of the century'''': the lopsided condemnation of foreign scientists coming purportedly to pilfer China''s vast genetic resources for a profit. Despite his repeated proclamation as a staunch and unwavering patriot loyal to his beloved motherland and dedicated to the advancement of China''s science and technology, he nonetheless later became embroiled in an avalanche of controversies surrounding the ''''gene war.'''' He effectively became a lightning rod for all the controversy on genetic resources, intellectual rights, informed consent, and the protection of human research subjects. (2) Chinese scientists should immediately grasp the opportunity to find disease genes and patent them; (3) We should educate the people, and raise the awareness and importance of protection of our genetic resources; (4) We welcome all international collaborations based on fairness and mutual benefits; (5) Through various avenues, the Chinese scientists should be vocal about certain views deemed to be harmful to China''s genetic research (Xiao et al.

abstract:
  Following the successful cloning of genes for mostly rare genetic diseases in the early 1990s, there was a nearly universal enthusiasm that similar approaches could be employed to hunt down genes predisposing people to complex diseases. Around 1996, several well-funded international gene-hunting teams, enticed by the low cost of collecting biological samples and China’s enormous population, and ushered in by some well-connected Chinese intermediaries, came to China to hunt down disease susceptibility genes. This alarmed and, in some cases, enraged many poorly funded Chinese scientists, who perceived them as formidable competitors. Some depicted foreign gene-hunters as greedy pilferers of the vast Chinese genetic gold mine, comparing it to the plundering of national treasures from China by invaders in the past, and called upon the government and their fellow countrymen to rise up and protect China’s genetic gold mine. Media uproar ensued, proclaiming the imminent “gene war of the century.” This article chronicles the key events surrounding this “war” and its aftermath, exposes some inherent complexities in identifying susceptibility genes for complex diseases, highlights some issues obscured or completely overlooked in the passionate and patriotic rhetoric, and debunks some misconceptions embedded in this conflict. In addition, it argues that during the entire course of this “war,” the public’s interest went conspicuously unmentioned. Finally, it articulates several lessons that can be learned from this conflict, and outlines challenges facing human genetics researchers.


id: cord-281333-fj2u5uif
title: Ghosts A travel barrier to tourism recovery
author: Rittichainuwat, Bongkosh
date: 2011-04-30
txt: ./txt/cord-281333-fj2u5uif.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-281333-fj2u5uif.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0160738310001209
doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2010.10.001
summary:
  According to Rittichainuwat (2006) , many inbound Chinese and Thai tourists substituted their original travel itineraries to tsunami-affected areas with trips to other beach resorts due to perceived risks affiliated with ghosts and uncomfortable feelings about enjoying themselves at a resort where a lot of people had been killed, because the place was thought to be too sorrowful and inappropriate to celebrate the Chinese New Year. Thus, this study aims to examine travel barriers associated with tsunami-hit destinations, and also to assess cultural differences regarding such beliefs between Asians tourists from China and Thailand and Western tourists from Britain, Germany, and the United States and also across different demographic variables. Hence, this study hypothesizes that while belief in the existence ghosts is a travel barrier for Asian (Thai and Chinese) tourists, it would not deter Western (American, British, and German) tourists from visiting the tsunami-affected areas.

abstract:
  Abstract This study aims to assess whether or not beliefs in ghosts really deter tourists from traveling to disaster-hit destinations. To many it may appear that cultural differences do play a role in travel decision making between Asian and Western tourists. However, it is vital to provide empirical evidence of the impact of cultural differences in beliefs through a case study of the tsunami-hit destinations. Thus, this study aims to examine tourist barriers associated with tsunami-hit destinations, and also to assess cultural differences regarding such beliefs between Asians tourists from China and Thailand and Western tourists from Britain, Germany, and the United States and also across demographic profile.


id: cord-282298-8tcw3cll
title: Current Situation and Perspectives of Clinical Study in Integrative Medicine in China
author: Wang, Jie
date: 2012-02-21
url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/268542
doi: 10.1155/2012/268542
abstract:
  Integrative medicine is not only an innovative China model in clinical practice, but also the bridge for TCM toward the world. In the past thirty years, great achievements have been made in integrative medicine researches, especially in clinical practice. The clinical achievements mainly include the following three: innovating methodology of disease-syndrome combination, excavating the classical theory in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), preventing and curing refractory diseases. The development ideas and strategies of integrative medicine for future mainly include (a) standing on frontier field of international medicine and improving the capability of preventing and curing refractory diseases; (b) moving prevention and control strategy forward and improving the curative effect of common and frequent disease; (c) excavating the classical theory of TCM and broadening the treatment system of modern medicine; (d) improving the innovation level of new high effective drugs on the basis of classical prescriptions and herbs in TCM; (e) rerecognizing the theory of formula corresponding to syndrome in TCM and enhancing the level of clinical research evidence based on evidence-based medicine. Integrative medicine will do obtain greater achievements in creating new medicine and pharmacology and make more tremendous contributions for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and human health care.


id: cord-282871-y2i5pdmb
title: Chinese Medicine in the Management of New and Emerging Infectious Diseases
author: Wiwanitkit, Viroj
date: 2018-03-31
txt: ./txt/cord-282871-y2i5pdmb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-282871-y2i5pdmb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377719300047
doi: 10.1016/s2589-3777(19)30004-7
summary:
  The use of Chinese medicine to manage new and emerging infectious diseases, however, has attracted significant attention. In this brief article, the use of Chinese medicine in the management of new emerging infectious diseases is summarized and discussed. In this brief article, the use of Chinese medicine in the management of new emerging infectious diseases is summarized and discussed. In modern medicine, a representative example of applied Chinese medicine in the management of emerging infection is the case of classical drug-resistant malaria. As mentioned, an increased role for Chinese medicine in the management of new and emerging infectious diseases can be anticipated, and some reports describing its use have already been published. Of several Chinese medicine regimens, the use of the edible bird''s nest (EBN) has been widely proposed for its possible effectiveness against new and emerging influenzas, and its utility has been extensively studied. The usefulness of case reports in managing emerging infectious disease

abstract:
  ABSTRACT Emerging infectious diseases are an important problem in medicine, and many continue to pose a global threat. However, the management of new and emerging infections is usually difficult due to a lack of knowledge and tools to address the problem. The use of Chinese medicine to manage new and emerging infectious diseases, however, has attracted significant attention. This brief article summarizes and discusses the use of Chinese medicine in the management of new and emerging infectious diseases.


id: cord-284946-3y16j3ts
title: Double Pandemic: Racial Discrimination amid Corona virus Disease 2019
author: Addo, Isaac Yeboah
date: 2020-10-20
txt: ./txt/cord-284946-3y16j3ts.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-284946-3y16j3ts.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590291120300632
doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100074
summary:
  As the UN, human rights institutions, governments, and civil society groups and movements continue to promote greater acceptance of people from different racial categories and encourage greater respect for human rights across the globe, the numerous reports of racial discrimination against non-citizens and people of colour in the fight against the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) demonstrate that more work is needed to achieve the UN''s goal of eliminating all forms of racial discrimination. Factors associated with the racial discrimination against non-citizens and people of colour during this pandemic are complex and may include post-colonial perception of racial superiority, fear of COVID-19 infection, ''inflammatory'' comments by significant public figures, vengeance for fellow citizens who have experienced abuse elsewhere, and perception of differences in COVID-19 susceptibility due to differences in phenotypic physical features. The racial discrimination associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified existing health vulnerabilities of non-citizens and people of colour [14, 38] .

abstract:
  The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has seen an escalation of racial discrimination against non-citizens and people of colour in many places around the world. While this COVID-19-related racial discrimination against non-citizens and people of colour has drawn much attention in the media space, the issue has been less discussed in academia. Given that racial discrimination has a significant impact on human relations, mental health, and general well-being, it is important to address the rising racial discrimination problem amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper discusses some of the emerging stories of racial discrimination associated with COVID-19 and presents viewpoints on why people are being abused and the socio-economic implications associated with the abuse. The paper concludes with few suggestions on how to address the COVID-19 related racial discriminations as the world continues to fight against the double pandemic.


id: cord-285268-39c7pqr3
title: Conflict management in a multinational firm''s production shifting decisions
author: Niu, Baozhuang
date: 2020-08-18
txt: ./txt/cord-285268-39c7pqr3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285268-39c7pqr3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925527320302371?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107880
summary:
  (2018) , this specific VAT policy will significantly affect MNFs'' supply chain decisions, when the products are made in China and sold in both Chinese and Southeast Asian markets. Therefore, Chinese CMs have the incentives to price differentially for the products sold in Chinese and Southeast Asian markets, so as to mitigate the profit loss because of partial VAT refund policy (Xu et al., 2018) . Different from their studies, we study how China''s import-export tax rules affect the MNF and CM''s preferences of production shifting decisions and the opportunities where their objective conflicts can be solved. The CM charges two different manufacturing prices for the products sold in Chinese and Southeast Asian markets, because of China''s partial VAT refund policies. Note that, under TS, according to China''s partial VAT refund policy, the CM can charge two wholesale prices based on whether the goods are sold to Chinese or Southeast Asian market.

abstract:
  In recent years, many apparel multinational firms (MNFs) have shifted their production from traditional manufacturing bases (e.g., China) to the emerging ones located in Southeast Asia (e.g., Vietnam and Bengal). The interactions among market sizes, MNF's competition with local rival and the global tax rules play key roles in the MNF's decisions. In this paper, we study the preferences of a MNF and its contract manufacturer (CM) over two manufacturing outsourcing structures and investigate whether their objective conflicts can be reconciled. The MNF relies on the CM for production and sells goods in both Chinese and Southeast Asian markets. It is optional for the MNF to use a CM located in China, but has to suffer from the CM's differential prices because of China's partial value-added tax (VAT) refund policy. It is also optional for the MNF to use a CM located in Southeast Asia, resulting in uniform production fee for the goods sold in two markets. The former is traditional outsourcing structure (TS), and the latter is shifted outsourcing structure (SS). Interestingly, we find that, the MNF may first prefer SS, then prefer TS, and back to prefer SS, as the relative market potential between the Southeast Asian market and the Chinese market increases. The CM's preferences may switch twice, too. We identify the opportunities where the preferences of the MNF and the CM are aligned, which are driven by China's partial VAT refund policy.


id: cord-285567-glm49rr4
title: The structures and biological functions of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese herbs
author: Zeng, Pengjiao
date: 2019-03-25
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.03.003
doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.03.003
abstract:
  Most of traditional Chinese medicine substances come from herbal plants. The medicinal quality of herbal plants varies with the locations of cultivation, the parts of the herb collected, the season of the herb collected, and the herb processing method. Polysaccharides are major components of the herb plants and their biosynthesis is partly controlled by the genes but mostly influenced by the availability of the nutrition and determined by the various environmental factors. In recent decades, polysaccharides isolated from different kinds of Chinese herbs have received much attention due to their important biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, radiation protecting, antiviral, hypolipidemic, and immunomodulatory activities. Interestingly, different batches of the same herb can obtain different polysaccharide fractions with subtle differences in molecular weight, monosaccharide compositions, glycosidic linkages, and biological functions. Even with these variations, a large number of bioactive polysaccharides from different kinds of traditional Chinese herbs have been purified, characterized, and reported. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest polysaccharide extraction methods and the strategies used for monosaccharide compositional analysis plus polysaccharide structural characterization. Most importantly, the reported chemical characteristics and biological activities of the polysaccharides from the famous traditional Chinese herbs including Astragalus membranaceus, Ginseng, Lycium barbarum, Angelica sinensis, Cordyceps sinensis, and Ophiopogon japonicus will be reviewed and discussed. The published studies provide evidence that polysaccharides from traditional Chinese herbs play an important role in their medical applications, which forms the basis for future research, development, and application of these polysaccharides as functional foods and therapeutics in modern medicine.


id: cord-286531-3syf6upw
title: Young Children’s Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic: Chinese Parents’ Beliefs and Attitudes
author: Dong, Chuanmei
date: 2020-09-08
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019074092031224X?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105440
abstract:
  Online learning has been widely promoted to replace traditional face-to-face learning during the COVID-19 pandemic to maintain young children’s learning and play at home. This study surveyed 3275 Chinese parents’ beliefs and attitudes around young children’s online learning during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most parents (92.7%) in the study reported that their children had online learning experiences during the pandemic, and many (84.6%) spent less than a half-hour each time. The parents generally had negative beliefs about the values and benefits of online learning and preferred traditional learning in early childhood settings. They tended to resist and even reject online learning for three key reasons: the shortcomings of online learning, young children’s inadequate self-regulation, and their lack of time and professional knowledge in supporting children’s online learning. Also, the hardship caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has made them suffering, thus more resistant to online learning at home. The results suggested that the implementation of online learning during the pandemic has been problematic and challenging for families. The Chinese parents were neither trained nor ready to embrace online learning. The paper concluded with implications for policymakers and teacher education.


id: cord-287118-30s0a27q
author: Idrovo, Alvaro Javier
date: 2020-05-14
txt: ./txt/cord-287118-30s0a27q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-287118-30s0a27q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539520927265
doi: 10.1177/1010539520927265
summary:
  title: Data Quality of Chinese Surveillance of COVID-19: Objective Analysis Based on WHO''s Situation Reports During the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic, Benford''s law was proposed as an objective and fast way to assess the performance of surveillance systems during epidemics. 9 This brief report presents the results of an objective evaluation of data quality of the Chinese epidemiological surveillance system during the ongoing epidemic. To obtain evidence on the level of performance of the Chinese epidemiological surveillance system, we used data included in situations reports 1 to 55 of the World Health Organization (WHO) website (January 21 to March 15, 2020). The results suggest that the Chinese epidemiological surveillance system has had good data quality during the current health emergency. Performance of public health surveillance systems during the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic in the Americas: testing a new method based on Benford''s law

title:
  Data Quality of Chinese Surveillance of COVID-19: Objective Analysis Based on WHO’s Situation Reports

abstract:
  Was there quality in the Chinese epidemiological surveillance system during the COVID-19 pandemic? Using data of World Health Organization’s situation reports (until situation report 55), an objective analysis was realized to answer this important question. Fulfillment of Benford’s law (first digit law) is a rapid tool to suggest good data quality. Results suggest that China had an acceptable quality in its epidemiological surveillance system. Furthermore, more detailed and complete analyses could complement the evaluation of the Chinese surveillance system.


id: cord-287135-m73nepej
title: The determinants of Chinese visitors to Australia: A dynamic demand analysis
author: Pham, Tien Duc
date: 2017-07-01
txt: ./txt/cord-287135-m73nepej.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-287135-m73nepej.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32287751/
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2017.06.015
summary:
  Interesting findings include a high income elasticity as a source of the continuous doubledigit growth rates in Chinese arrivals that Australia has experienced over the past two decades, together with relatively high total trip price elasticities for both short run and long run. As summarised in Lim (1997) , Crouch (1992) , Song and Li (2008) , and Peng, Song, Crouch, and Witt (2014) , previous studies on modelling tourism demand and forecasting have typically been based upon fundamental economic theory capturing the effects of income, own-price, cross-price and occasionally some other specific factors included as dummy variables. The group Other Factors includes migration flow from China and four dummy variables capturing events that happened during the study period 1991e2014 (24 observations), namely the breakout of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in late 2002, shocks in the domestic travel supply caused by the Australian mining boom; the global financial crisis (GFC) 2008; and a trend in tourism demand for travel by the Chinese.

abstract:
  Although China has progressively become an important inbound tourism market for Australia, its demand elasticities have been little studied to date. This study examines the determinants of Chinese visitors to Australia using a dynamic time-series estimator. Interesting findings include a high income elasticity as a source of the continuous doubledigit growth rates in Chinese arrivals that Australia has experienced over the past two decades, together with relatively high total trip price elasticities for both short run and long run. A trend of Chinese outbound to Australia is also identified. From a policy perspective, the results confirm that keeping a low cost of visiting Australia, both ground and travel costs, is a good strategy to secure greater numbers of Chinese tourists.


id: cord-287262-gkolbiil
author: Li, Yulin
date: 2020-07-31
txt: ./txt/cord-287262-gkolbiil.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-287262-gkolbiil.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32756089/
doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021024
summary:
  ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review protocol is designed to provide evidence regarding the effects and safety of Chinese traditional medicine injections on patients with COVID-19, such evidence may be useful and important for clinical treatment decisions. [2, 3] Chinese traditional medicine injections are recommended by the Chinese Clinical Guidance of COVID-19 Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment (7th edition) published by China National Health Commission on March 4, 2020, which is including Xiyanping injection, Xuebijing injection, Reduning injection, Tanreqing injection, Xingnaojing injection, Shenfu injection, Shengmai injection, and Shenmai injection for critical ill patients. The study aims to investigate whether it is effective and safe to apply Chinese traditional medicine injections on patients with COVID-19, including effective rate, all-cause mortality clinical recovery time negative time of novel coronavirus nucleic acid, etc. This systematic review protocol is designed to provide evidence regarding the effects and safety of Chinese traditional medicine injections on patients with COVID-19, such evidence may be useful and important for clinical treatment decisions.

title:
  The efficacy and safety of Chinese traditional medicine injections on patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: The pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has exposed vulnerable populations to an unprecedented global health crisis. Research reported that Chinese traditional medicine injections were used in patients with COVID-19 infection and showed significant effects, and there have been no systematic review and meta-analyses to investigate the effects and safety of Chinese traditional medicine injections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 statement. The literature search will involve Cochran library, Web of science, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, China Biology Medicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, VIP, Wang Fang database, and China Clinical Trial Registration Center for articles and research published form December 2019. This search will include randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for randomized controlled trial studies and the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies for nonrandomized studies will be used to assess the risk of bias among the studies included in the systematic review. Review Manager 5.3 software will be used for the meta-analysis, and odds ratio are calculated as the primary outcomes. Subgroup analyses will then be performed based on the characteristics of the interventions and populations included in the studies examined. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review protocol is designed to provide evidence regarding the effects and safety of Chinese traditional medicine injections on patients with COVID-19, such evidence may be useful and important for clinical treatment decisions. The results should be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Since the data and results used in the systematic review will be extracted exclusively from published studies, approval from an ethics committee will not be required.


id: cord-287283-t1hnswsq
title: Human rights violations in organ procurement practice in China
author: Paul, Norbert W.
date: 2017-02-08
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-017-0169-x
doi: 10.1186/s12910-017-0169-x
abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Over 90% of the organs transplanted in China before 2010 were procured from prisoners. Although Chinese officials announced in December 2014 that the country would completely cease using organs harvested from prisoners, no regulatory adjustments or changes in China’s organ donation laws followed. As a result, the use of prisoner organs remains legal in China if consent is obtained. DISCUSSION: We have collected and analysed available evidence on human rights violations in the organ procurement practice in China. We demonstrate that the practice not only violates international ethics standards, it is also associated with a large scale neglect of fundamental human rights. This includes organ procurement without consent from prisoners or their families as well as procurement of organs from incompletely executed, still-living prisoners. The human rights critique of these practices will also address the specific situatedness of prisoners, often conditioned and traumatized by a cascade of human rights abuses in judicial structures. CONCLUSION: To end the unethical practice and the abuse associated with it, we suggest to inextricably bind the use of human organs procured in the Chinese transplant system to enacting Chinese legislation prohibiting the use of organs from executed prisoners and making explicit rules for law enforcement. Other than that, the international community must cease to abet the continuation of the present system by demanding an authoritative ban on the use of organs from executed Chinese prisoners. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12910-017-0169-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-289238-f3lv7o4d
title: Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections
author: Wu, Taixiang
date: 2008-08-31
txt: ./txt/cord-289238-f3lv7o4d.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-289238-f3lv7o4d.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095461110800125X
doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.03.015
summary:
  Summary Aims To review the evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews for the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herbs for treating acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and to discuss the limitations of current clinical trials of TCM. The six reviews related to the use of TCM in the treatment of acute bronchitis, influenza, measles, sore throat, common cold and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), respectively. If a preparation was tested as the intervention, it had a high rate of effectiveness; if used as a control drug by another author, it may have had a much lower rate of One poor-quality trial showed that TCM may decrease influenza symptoms and speed up recovery. Common cold 14 trials identified and included In five studies, treatment with herbal preparations resulted in a statistically significantly shorter duration of symptoms compared with control.

abstract:
  Summary Aims To review the evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews for the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herbs for treating acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and to discuss the limitations of current clinical trials of TCM. Findings Evidence from six Cochrane systematic reviews was weak owing to the lack of high-quality TCM trials. Limitations were usually due to biases that influenced the validity of results. Conclusions TCM is widely used for treating ARTIs. However, none of the identified studies has been well designed or conducted. In this overview, we suggest that clinical trials of TCM for ARTIs need to be re-run in accordance with internationally recognized standards.


id: cord-290412-m6fesoyb
author: Zhao, Chang-qing
date: 2014-09-30
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209549641460039X
doi: 10.1016/s2095-4964(14)60039-x
title:
  Traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of liver diseases: progress, challenges and opportunities

abstract:
  Abstract Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is commonly used in treating liver diseases worldwide, especially in China. The advantages of using TCM for treatment of liver diseases include: protecting hepatocytes, inhibiting hepatic inflammation and antifibrosis in the liver. In this article, we introduce TCM herbal preparations from the Chinese materia medica (such as Fuzheng Huayu) that are typically used for the treatment of liver diseases. Literature surrounding the mechanisms of TCM therapy for treatment of liver diseases is presented and discussed. We propose that side effects of herbal compounds are often under-appreciated, and that more care should be taken in the prescription of potentially hepatotoxic medicines. Further, to deepen the understanding of TCM mechanisms, new techniques and methodologies must be developed. Future studies will lead to the enhancement of clinical outcomes of TCM. As complementary and alternative therapies, TCMs will play an expanding role in the future of liver disease treatment.


id: cord-291279-8rfx9qde
author: Li, Zhuman
date: 2020-07-10
txt: ./txt/cord-291279-8rfx9qde.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291279-8rfx9qde.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00385
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00385
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine: Response Philosophy in Another Culture More than 40,000 medical staffs including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) doctors from all over the country were called up to Wuhan, and other cities in Hubei provinces to treat patients 4 . According to a news release from the National Administration of TCM, the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medical treatment can achieve satisfactory results for resolution of symptoms of COVID-19 6 . Even COVID-19 is brand new emerging severe infectious disease caused by a brand new coronavirus and no specific drug is used to cure in modern medicine, TCM still has confidence to fight the epidemic. Traditional Chinese medicine contributes to the treatment of COVID-19 patients Analysis and thinking on traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating severe cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia Traditional Chinese medicine theory and clinical study on Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) infection

title:
  Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine: Response Philosophy in Another Culture


id: cord-291934-pm3ns6ge
title: Chinese herbal experience for the 2019 novel coronavirus
author: Jiang, Ronglin
date: 2020-07-21
txt: ./txt/cord-291934-pm3ns6ge.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291934-pm3ns6ge.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32693829/
doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03170-4
abstract: nan
summary:
  According to a large survey, more than 14% patients were transferred to the intensive care unit care (ICU), and among those who received invasive mechanical ventilation, the mortality was as high as 88.1% [2] . Here we presented the data from a single ICU of Tianyou hospital in Wuhan, and according our experience, the overall mortality decreased in patients receiving Chinese herb therapy. Despite with limited sample size, the mortality rate decreased significantly after applying Chinese herbal to these patients (4/9 vs. 14/16, p = 0.033), especially in patients who received Chinese herbal therapy during the whole disease course. Further, these patients were also divided into two groups according to whether they had used Chinese herbal; a decreased trend of mortality was also observed (9/14 vs. However, in China, Chinese herbal therapy has been fully applied to patients with COVID-19 infection in the middle stage of this epidemic and the effect is positive.


id: cord-293126-6ae1p15w
title: Establishing Appropriate Agency Relationships for Providers in China
author: Liu, Yu
date: 2019-08-27
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31455126/
doi: 10.1177/0046958019872348
abstract:
  Physicians play multiple roles in a health system. They typically serve simultaneously as the agent for patients, for insurers, for their own medical practices, and for the hospital facilities where they practice. Theoretical and empirical results have demonstrated that financial relations among these different stakeholders can affect clinical outcomes as well as the efficiency and quality of care. What are the physicians’ roles as the agents of Chinese patients? The marketization approach of China’s economic reforms since 1978 has made hospitals and physicians profit-driven. Such profit-driven behavior and the financial tie between hospitals and physicians have in turn made physicians more the agents of hospitals rather than of their patients. While this commentary acknowledges physicians’ ethics and their dedication to their patients, it argues that the current physician agency relation in China has created barriers to achieving some of the central goals of current provider-side health care reform efforts. In addition to eliminating existing perverse financial incentives for both hospitals and physicians, the need for which is already agreed upon by numerous scholars, we argue that the success of the ongoing Chinese public hospital reform and of overall health care reform also relies on establishing appropriate physician-hospital agency relations. This commentary proposes 2 essential steps to establish such physician-hospital agency relations: (1) minimize financial ties between senior physicians and tertiary-level public hospitals by establishing a separate reimbursement system for senior physicians, and (2) establishing a comprehensive physician professionalism system underwritten by the Chinese government, professional physician associations, and major health care facilities as well as by physician leadership representatives. Neither of these suggestions is addressed adequately in current health care reform activities.


id: cord-293265-qqxlwpju
title: Clinical characteristics of 9 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection
author: Zeng, Yong
date: 2020-05-14
txt: ./txt/cord-293265-qqxlwpju.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-293265-qqxlwpju.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-020-00328-8
doi: 10.1186/s13020-020-00328-8
summary:
  D-dimmer rise, infection index rise, and chest CT(computed tomography) progression may be clinical warning indicators for severe patients, in our study, more 50% of patients had elevated levels of these indicators, but only 44% (including the dead) of patients had received treatment in the intensive care unit. Cancer comorbidity seems to have no direct relationship with severe events, and the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine may be effective in the prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NICP). Studies [10] found that the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine was effective in the prevention and treatment of NICP in all stages, and the response rate of symptoms such as fever, cough and fatigue were significantly increased in ordinary patients after taking lianhua qingwen granules. By analyzing 9 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, cancer comorbidity seems to have no direct relationship with severe events, and the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine may 

abstract:
  In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases was caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China. Cancer patients are a special group, the immunity of them will be suppressed because of various anti-tumor treatments, and the risk of infection will be greatly increased, so we will report clinical features of 9 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. 5 (56%) patients were ordinary type, 3 (33%) were severe type, and 1 (11%) was critical type. A total of 8 patients received combined therapy of traditional Chinese medicines and western medicines. From the clinical outcomes of these 8 patients, western combined therapy of traditional Chinese medicine was indeed an effective treatment method. D-dimmer rise, infection index rise, and chest CT(computed tomography) progression may be clinical warning indicators for severe patients, in our study, more 50% of patients had elevated levels of these indicators, but only 44% (including the dead) of patients had received treatment in the intensive care unit. 5 (56%) ordinary type patients had been discharged, while the 1 (11%) critical type patient died 3 days after admission. Cancer comorbidity seems to have no direct relationship with severe events, and the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine may be effective in the prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NICP).


id: cord-293372-saqoft9p
author: Heffner, Kelley
date: 2020-09-28
txt: ./txt/cord-293372-saqoft9p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-293372-saqoft9p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32985598/
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72959-8
summary:
  Quantitative proteomics data were obtained from two CHO cell lines (CHO-S and CHO DG44) and compared with seven Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) tissues (brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, ovary and spleen) by tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling followed by mass spectrometry, providing a comprehensive hamster tissue and cell line proteomics atlas. This study was undertaken to compare protein expression of various CHO cell lines and hamster tissues, resulting in the most comprehensive multi-tissue analysis of the Cricetulus griseus proteome (Fig. 1A) . Similar to the ovary and lung comparison, there are a greater number of proteins with higher expression in the heart tissue when compared to cell lines. These differences highlight the role of tissues in executing key organ functions which require a specific metabolic processes, such as transport and communication, in comparison to CHO cells, which are focused on replication and gene expression, characteristics useful for rapid growth and the production of biologics.

title:
  Expanded Chinese hamster organ and cell line proteomics profiling reveals tissue-specific functionalities

abstract:
  Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the predominant production vehicle for biotherapeutics. Quantitative proteomics data were obtained from two CHO cell lines (CHO-S and CHO DG44) and compared with seven Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) tissues (brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, ovary and spleen) by tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling followed by mass spectrometry, providing a comprehensive hamster tissue and cell line proteomics atlas. Of the 8470 unique proteins identified, high similarity was observed between CHO-S and CHO DG44 and included increases in proteins involved in DNA replication, cell cycle, RNA processing, and chromosome processing. Alternatively, gene ontology and pathway analysis in tissues indicated increased protein intensities related to important tissue functionalities. Proteins enriched in the brain included those involved in acidic amino acid metabolism, Golgi apparatus, and ion and phospholipid transport. The lung showed enrichment in proteins involved in BCAA catabolism, ROS metabolism, vesicle trafficking, and lipid synthesis while the ovary exhibited enrichments in extracellular matrix and adhesion proteins. The heart proteome included vasoconstriction, complement activation, and lipoprotein metabolism enrichments. These detailed comparisons of CHO cell lines and hamster tissues will enhance understanding of the relationship between proteins and tissue function and pinpoint potential pathways of biotechnological relevance for future cell engineering.


id: cord-294167-58ti0m1l
author: Kelley, Keith W.
date: 2020-04-15
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32304882/
doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.026
title:
  Psychoneuroimmunology goes East: Development of the PNIRS(China) affiliate and its expansion into PNIRS(Asia-Pacific)

abstract:
  The Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society (PNIRS) created an official Chinese regional affiliate in 2012, designated PNIRS(China). Now, just eight years later, the program has been so successful in advancing the science of psychoneuroimmunology that it has expanded to the whole of Asia-Oceania. In 2017, PNIRS(China) became PNIRS(Asia-Pacific). Between 2012 and 2019, this outreach affiliate of PNIRS organized seven symposia at major scientific meetings in China as well as nine others in Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. This paper summarizes the remarkable growth of PNIRS(Asia-Pacific). Here, regional experts who have been instrumental in organizing these PNIRS(Asia-Pacific) symposia briefly review and share their views about the past, present and future state of psychoneuroimmunology research in China, Taiwan, Australia and Japan. The newest initiative of PNIRS(Asia-Pacific) is connecting Asia-Pacific laboratories with those in Western countries through a simple web-based registration system. These efforts not only contribute to the efforts of PNIRS to serve a truly global scientific society but also to answer the imperative call of increasing diversity in our science.


id: cord-295500-j84v1k1o
title: Chinese and British Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19—a Comparative Case Series Analysis
author: Conway, J.
date: 2020-07-18
txt: ./txt/cord-295500-j84v1k1o.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-295500-j84v1k1o.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838171/
doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00414-w
summary:
  The most striking difference is the significantly older age of the British population (72% of the British ≥ 66 years compared to only 3% of the Chinese patients, difference of 69%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 68.3% to 69.7%, respectively) and the associated significant premorbid conditions (85% of patients vs 32%, difference of 53%, 95% CI 52 to 54%, respectively). In this case series, we aimed to describe a comparative analysis between a Chinese and a British cohort to explore the differences of COVID-19 patients between the two countries. Later on, a report for Italy, published in April 2020, showed that mortality rate has risen to 12%, most cases that died were > 70 years old, a male to female ratio of 3:1 with at least 1 comorbidity and cardiovascular disease was the highest risk condition. This suggests that older age and comorbidities were more common in European cohorts affected by COVID-19 than in China, and they have a significant impact on mortality difference between the two continents.

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic initially started in China then spread to Europe. It is not known whether COVID-19 affects patients differently across the two continents. We aimed to describe our cohort of patients admitted to a single British centre with COVID-19 in comparison to a Chinese cohort of similar size and admitted over a similar time period to Chinese centres. We present a comparison of 62 Chinese and 71 British cases hospitalised for COVID-19. Cases in both sites were confirmed by a positive RT-PCR of nasopharyngeal swabs. Comparison analysis highlighted some differences between both populations. The most striking difference is the significantly older age of the British population (72% of the British ≥ 66 years compared to only 3% of the Chinese patients, difference of 69%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 68.3% to 69.7%, respectively) and the associated significant premorbid conditions (85% of patients vs 32%, difference of 53%, 95% CI 52 to 54%, respectively). Gastrointestinal and general symptoms were more common clinical presentation in the British while respiratory symptoms were more prominent in the Chinese cohort. Mortality was significantly higher in the British cohort 14% compared to none in the Chinese cohort (difference of 14%, 95% CI 13.7 to 14.3%). We conclude that COVID-19 does present differently in these two cohorts, but the apparent differences in the clinical presentations could be explained by the inherent differences in the demographics and case mix between both countries.


id: cord-296717-ay4wcmk3
title: Can the Chinese volatility index reflect investor sentiment?
author: Long, Wen
date: 2020-10-20
txt: ./txt/cord-296717-ay4wcmk3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-296717-ay4wcmk3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1057521920302556
doi: 10.1016/j.irfa.2020.101612
summary:
  In order to describe investor sentiment comprehensively, we build a three-dimensional investor sentiment measurement system composed of macro, meso and micro level, and decompose iVX into three components to obtain short-term, medium-term fluctuations and long-term trend by EEMD method. They use principal component analysis to extract a sentiment index from six variables of the stock market, including closed-end fund discount, NYSE share turnover, the number and average first-day returns on IPOs, the equity share in new issues, and the dividend premium. The contributions of this paper include the following three aspects: (1) This study seeks to examine systematically on whether iVX has the ability to represent sentiment, and analyze it at the macro, meso and micro levels, while previous studies rarely discuss this issue, especially for the newly released and short-lived Chinese volatility index iVX. (3) By employing dynamic factor analysis on different sentiment indexes with mixed-frequency to extract the common factor, we investigate whether iVX can comprehensively represent investor sentiments at different time scales.

abstract:
  The volatility index is the implied volatility calculated inversely from the option prices. This study investigates whether the official Chinese volatility index, iVX, can represent investor sentiment. In order to describe investor sentiment comprehensively, we build a three-dimensional investor sentiment measurement system composed of macro, meso and micro level, and decompose iVX into three components to obtain short-term, medium-term fluctuations and long-term trend by EEMD method. The relationships between iVX, its components and sentiment indexes at each level have been analyzed separately, and the empirical results reveal all components of iVX can reflect the investor sentiment at the corresponding level but to which extent they can reflect are not the same. Further we introduce the mixed-frequency dynamic factor analysis to extract the common sentiment factor, which shows stronger correlation with contemporaneous iVX, compared with the sentiment indexes at each level. The ADL model in robustness check also demonstrates the results. Our findings confirm iVX can represent the common sentiment and expectations of Chinese investors in different time scales.


id: cord-296816-mzd1499c
title: China''s Response to the 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa
author: Huang, Yanzhong
date: 2017-01-30
txt: ./txt/cord-296816-mzd1499c.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-296816-mzd1499c.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31565261/
doi: 10.1002/gch2.201600001
summary:
  As Beijing becomes more sensitive to disease outbreaks overseas and as the scope of its humanitarian engagement grows and diversifies, the space for China''s cooperation with international actors over global health governance is expected to further expand. [4] While visiting West Africa in August 2015, Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi noted that China in carrying out its largest ever health aid program in history created multiple "firsts": the Chinese President was the first head of state to commit explicitly to answering the call for help by three Western African countries; China used large chartered airplanes to ship the first batch of badly needed anti-epidemic supplies; China for the first time deployed a whole unit of epidemic prevention forces and military medical staff abroad; China built a Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) lab overseas, and set up an infectious disease medical center in another country for the first time.

abstract:
  Beginning in March 2014, West Africa has endured the largest outbreak of Ebola viral disease (EVD) in history. The crisis highlighted the role of China in addressing public health emergencies of international concern (PHEIC). Through bilateral and multilateral channels, China kicked off its largest ever humanitarian mission in addressing a PHEIC. The unprecedented generosity served the domestic needs to prevent EVD from spreading into China, but it was also consistent with China's foreign policy objective to pursue soft power in Africa. While its total funding to EVD control in West Africa was no match of top donors like the United States, it becomes much more impressive when adjusted for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. As Beijing becomes more sensitive to disease outbreaks overseas and as the scope of its humanitarian engagement grows and diversifies, the space for China's cooperation with international actors over global health governance is expected to further expand.


id: cord-297599-y4lu8m4k
title: Anti-COVID-19 drug screening: Frontier concepts and core technologies
author: Luo, Hua
date: 2020-10-28
txt: ./txt/cord-297599-y4lu8m4k.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-297599-y4lu8m4k.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133232/
doi: 10.1186/s13020-020-00393-z
summary:
  This paper thoroughly summarizes interdisciplinary notions and techniques, including disease model, biochip, network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology, etc., providing a reference for researchers in the screening of drugs for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Some researchers are currently using mice as an animal model to test drugs and vaccines and to investigate the nature of the infection of SARS-CoV-2 [49] [50] [51] . In fact, in a study led by Qin Chuan on SARS, engineered mice that could express human ACE2 protein was successfully established, leading this Chinese team pioneered the establishment of a SARS-CoV-2 infected hACE2 transgenic mouse model [54] . For example, an effective and convenient novel mouse model in evaluating in vivo protective capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was developed through stitching the human gene for ACE2 into an adenovirus by Perlman et al.

abstract:
  The outbreak of COVID-19 has recently evolved into a global pandemic. Up to July 2020, almost every country has confirmed COVID-19 cases reported worldwide. Many leading experts have predicted that the epidemic will persist for relatively a long period of time. Thus far, there have been no remedies proven effective against the disease. As the nation where COVID-19 broke out first, China has adopted a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine to fight against the disease, and has achieved significant clinical result. Up to now, the COVID-19 pandemic has been effectively controlled in China. However, the rest of the world (except for a limited number of countries and regions) is still in deep water. This paper thoroughly summarizes interdisciplinary notions and techniques, including disease model, biochip, network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology, etc., providing a reference for researchers in the screening of drugs for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. These methodologies may facilitate researchers to screen out more potential drugs for treating COVID-19 pneumonia and to tackle this global crisis.


id: cord-299007-5m6lk409
title: Cordyceps – A traditional Chinese medicine and another fungal therapeutic biofactory?
author: Paterson, R. Russell M.
date: 2008-05-31
txt: ./txt/cord-299007-5m6lk409.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-299007-5m6lk409.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.01.027
doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.01.027
summary:
  The isolation, structure elucidation, and anti-malarial activity of ES-242s and their analogues from the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps pseudomilitaris (from a Lepidoptera larva) were reported previously. Towards this end, a polysaccharide was isolated from cultured Cordyceps mycelia which had strong anti-oxidation activity, and which contained glucose, mannose and galactose. militaris demonstrated general anti-inflammatory activity (Yu et al., 2004a) as did ethanolic extracts of cultured fruiting bodies and mycelia of C. Whereas the reported apoptotic effects of the fungus are in: (a) the mouse (anti-tumour activity, metastasis inhibition) and (b) cell culture (proliferation stimulation, cytotoxic activity). Hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharide (CS-F30) from the cultural mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis and its effect on glucose metabolism in mouse liver Anti-inflammatory and related pharmacological activities of cultured mycelia and fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris Antioxidant activity of the extracts from fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps sinensis

abstract:
  Abstract Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are growing in popularity. However, are they effective? Cordyceps is not studied as systematically for bioactivity as another TCM, Ganoderma. Cordyceps is fascinating per se, especially because of the pathogenic lifestyle on Lepidopteron insects. The combination of the fungus and dead insect has been used as a TCM for centuries. However, the natural fungus has been harvested to the extent that it is an endangered species. The effectiveness has been attributed to the Chinese philosophical concept of Yin and Yang and can this be compatible with scientific philosophy? A vast literature exists, some of which is scientific, although others are popular myth, and even hype. Cordyceps sinensis is the most explored species followed by Cordyceps militaris. However, taxonomic concepts were confused until a recent revision, with undefined material being used that cannot be verified. Holomorphism is relevant and contamination might account for some of the activity. The role of the insect has been ignored. Some of the analytical methodologies are poor. Data on the “old” compound cordycepin are still being published: ergosterol and related compounds are reported despite being universal to fungi. There is too much work on crude extracts rather than pure compounds with water and methanol solvents being over-represented in this respect (although methanol is an effective solvent). Excessive speculation exists as to the curative properties. However, there are some excellent pharmacological data and relating to apoptosis. For example, some preparations are active against cancers or diabetes which should be fully investigated. Polysaccharides and secondary metabolites are of particular interest. The use of genuine anamorphic forms in bioreactors is encouraged.


id: cord-300517-41pr3dwa
title: The clinical benefits of Chinese patent medicines against COVID-19 based on current evidence
author: Zhang, Dan
date: 2020-05-05
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661820311907?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104882
abstract:
  The outbreak of emerging infectious pneumonia caused by 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has posed an enormous threat to public health, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have made vast contribution to the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) among Chinese population. As an indispensable part of TCM, Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) are highly valued and critically acclaimed in their campaign to contain and tackle the epidemic, they can achieve considerable effects for both suspected cases under medical observation period, and confirmed individuals with serious underlying diseases or critical conditions. Given this, based on the Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China, the present review summarized the basic information, clinical evidence and published literatures of recommended CPMs against COVID-19. The details were thoroughly introduced involving compositions, therapeutic effects, clinical indications, medication history of CPMs and the profiles of corresponding research. With regard to infected patients with different stages and syndrome, the preferable potentials and therapeutic mechanism of CPMs were addressed through the comprehensive collection of relevant literatures and on-going clinical trials. This study could provide an insight into clinical application and underlying mechanism of recommended CPMs against COVID-19, with the aim to share the Chinese experience in clinical practice and facilitate scientific development of TCM, especially CPMs in the fierce battle of COVID-19.


id: cord-300838-43spq01m
author: Zhang, G.-X.
date: 2020-10-29
txt: ./txt/cord-300838-43spq01m.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-300838-43spq01m.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580820302315?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.08.007
summary:
  title: Social and professional consequences of COVID-19 lockdown in patients with multiple sclerosis from 2 very different populations Method Questionnaires were applied to a group of MS patients who have been reviewed in the MS unit of the Vithas hospital (DINAC Foundation) in Seville, and MS patients attended in various provinces of China during the month of April 2020, with the aim of analyzing the differences and similarities of the socio-labor effect between both populations. Although the consequences of COVID-19 were initially thought to be more severe, the results from our questionnaire, both in Spain and in China, suggest that the disease has had no significant impact on MS and that these patients present a similar risk to that of individuals without MS. In conclusion, China and Spain present more similarities than differences in terms of the social and employment consequences of lockdown on patients with MS.

title:
  Social and professional consequences of COVID-19 lockdown in patients with multiple sclerosis from 2 very different populations

abstract:
  The confinement due to the global COVID-19 pandemic has almost had negative consequences in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Objective We wanted to compare the socio-labor effect of confinement in two populations as different as Spain and China, in patients with MS. Method Questionnaires were applied to a group of MS patients who have been reviewed in the MS unit of the Vithas hospital (DINAC Foundation) in Seville, and MS patients attended in various provinces of China during the month of April 2020, with the aim of analyzing the differences and similarities of the socio-labor effect between both populations. To carry out this analysis, a database was created and subsequently analyzed. Results The Chinese population has a higher proportion of younger patients and there is no difference regarding gender. Most of the variables studied behaved the same way in both Spanish and Chinese MS patients. Spanish patients had less impact (30.7%) on their socio-economic situation than Chinese (44%), p < 0.05. There were no important differences in the rest of the variables between the two populations. Social networks were widely used in the majority of patients in both populations. Conclusions MS patients suffer in a very similar way from the consequences of the pandemic on their socio-labor situation and similarly use social networks and family support. Spanish patients seem to have more economic stability, which may be due to social economic support.


id: cord-303039-rteysj8j
author: Liu, Ming
date: 2020-05-11
txt: ./txt/cord-303039-rteysj8j.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-303039-rteysj8j.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1043661820312044
doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104896
summary:
  title: Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Hereinafter referred to as "Integrated Medicine") to corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We searched six major Chinese and English databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies (CCSs) of Integrated Medicine on COVID-19. We searched six major Chinese and English databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies (CCSs) of Integrated Medicine on COVID-19. This study summarized controlled trials and methods of Integrated Medicine treatment of COVID-19, including the changes of clinical symptoms. Clinical study on 37 cases of COVID-19 treated by integrated Chinese and western medicine Effect of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on SARS: a review of clinical evidence

title:
  Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis

abstract:
  COVID-19 has now spread to all parts of the world and almost all countries are battling against it. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Hereinafter referred to as “Integrated Medicine”) to corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We searched six major Chinese and English databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies (CCSs) of Integrated Medicine on COVID-19. Two reviewers independently screened, identified studies, and extracted data. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the quality of included RCTs and CCSs, respectively. Stata (version 13.0; StataCorp) was used to perform meta-analyses using the random-effects model. Risk ratio (RR) was used for dichotomous data while the weighted mean difference (WMD) was adopted for continuous variables as effect size, respectively, both of which were demonstrated in effect size and 95% confidence intervals. A total of 11 studies were included. Four were RCTs and seven were CCSs. The samples of including studies ranged from 18 to 100 (total 982). The traditional Chinese medicine included Chinese medicine compound drugs (QingFei TouXie FuZhengFang) and Chinese patent medicine (such as Shufeng Jiedu Capsule, Lianhua Qingwen granules). Compared with the control group, the overall response rate [RR = 1.230, 95%CI (1.113, 1.359), P = 0.000], cure rate [RR = 1.604, 95%CI (1.181, 2.177), P = 0.002], severity illness rate [RR = 0.350, 95%CI (0.154, 0.792), P = 0.012], and hospital stay [WMD = -1.991, 95%CI (-3.278, -0.703), P = 0.002] of the intervention group were better. In addition, Integrated Medicine can improve the disappearance rate of fever, cough, expectoration, fatigue, chest tightness and anorexia and reduce patients’ fever, and fatigue time (P < 0.05). This review found that Integrated Medicine had better effects and fewer adverse drug reactions for COVID-19. More high-quality RCTs will be needed in the future.


id: cord-303107-f5k686pg
author: Yang, Yifan
date: 2020-09-16
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32952389/
doi: 10.1007/s11366-020-09697-1
title:
  Globalism or Nationalism? The Paradox of Chinese Official Discourse in the Context of the COVID-19 Outbreak

abstract:
  By employing discourse-historical approach and corpus linguistics, this paper examines media reports to analyze the Chinese official discourse in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak. The results demonstrate that a paradox of globalism and nationalism has been simultaneously reflected when reporting the global pandemic. Based on a polarizing discursive construction of positive “self” and negative “others,” on many occasions, the globalist and nationalist arguments have been closely intertwined and complement each other to reinforce the legitimacy of the ruling party at home and the international reputation of China under the leadership of the ruling party.


id: cord-303217-xdi9b6a7
title: Bear bile: dilemma of traditional medicinal use and animal protection
author: Feng, Yibin
date: 2009-01-12
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-5-2
doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-5-2
abstract:
  Bear bile has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. Modern investigations showed that it has a wide range of pharmacological actions with little toxicological side effect and the pure compounds have been used for curing hepatic and biliary disorders for decades. However, extensive consumption of bear bile made bears endangered species. In the 1980's, bear farming was established in China to extract bear bile from living bears with "Free-dripping Fistula Technique". Bear farming is extremely inhumane and many bears died of illness such as chronic infections and liver cancer. Efforts are now given by non-governmental organizations, mass media and Chinese government to end bear farming ultimately. At the same time, systematic research has to be done to find an alternative for bear bile. In this review, we focused on the literature, laboratory and clinical results related to bear bile and its substitutes or alternative in English and Chinese databases. We examined the substitutes or alternative of bear bile from three aspects: pure compounds derived from bear bile, biles from other animals and herbs from TCM. We then discussed the strategy for stopping the trading of bear bile and issues of bear bile related to potential alternative candidates, existing problems in alternative research and work to be done in the future.


id: cord-303581-wowtg63z
title: Opposing the toxic apartheid: The painted veil of COVID‐19 pandemic, race and racism
author: Gao, Grace
date: 2020-08-08
txt: ./txt/cord-303581-wowtg63z.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-303581-wowtg63z.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837025/
doi: 10.1111/gwao.12523
summary:
  This article is a personal reflection of how the coronavirus exposes ''shocking'' levels of racism against us, and our vulnerability as Chinese women living in Britain. Whilst we are hesitant to risk our bodies being assaulted physically and verbally, it takes courage to unveil our vulnerabilities as the ''targets'' of this viral racist attack associated with ''Chinese virus'' and ''Kung flu''racist terms publicly promoted by politicians such as U.S. President Trump (Guardian, 2020a) . By reflecting the ample manifestations of maskaphobia, prejudice and racial discrimination connected to the coronavirus against Chinese in Britain, we break our silence and speak up against the increasing anti-Chinese rhetoric, with whom we are in solidarity and to whom we offer our labour, time and support as a driver of resistance. A Chinese postgraduate student was reported being verbally and physically abused for wearing a face mask when she was walking alone in Sheffield (Jones, This article is protected by copyright.

abstract:
  This article is a personal reflection of how the coronavirus exposes ‘shocking’ levels of racism against us, and our vulnerability as Chinese women living in Britain. By reflecting our experiences of verbal and physical race‐based violence connected to coronavirus, we explore the fluidity of our racial identities, the taken‐for‐granted racial stereotypes and white privilege, and everyday racism in the UK. Can the vulnerable use vulnerability as an agent to shift the moment of helplessness? We contribute to the uncomfortable yet important debate on racism against Chinese women living in the UK through voicing up our embodied vulnerability as invisible and disempowered subjects to this viral anti‐Chinese racism. This is a form of resistance where we care for the racialised and marginalised others. In doing so, we lift the painted veil of pandemic, race and racism to collectively combat racial inequalities.


id: cord-304021-e0zj7apb
title: SWOT analysis and revelation in traditional Chinese medicine internationalization
author: Tang, Haitao
date: 2018-01-25
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29416556/
doi: 10.1186/s13020-018-0165-1
abstract:
  Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is currently the best-preserved and most influential traditional medical system with the largest number of users worldwide. In recent years, the trend of TCM adoption has increased greatly, but the process of TCM internationalization has suffered from a series of setbacks for both internal and external reasons. Thus, the process of TCM internationalization faces formidable challenges, although it also has favourable opportunities. Using SWOT analysis, this paper investigates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for TCM. These findings can serve as references for TCM enterprises with global ambitions.


id: cord-304490-q9ab1pji
author: Iqbal, Najaf
date: 2020-04-22
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138916
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138916
title:
  Nexus between COVID-19, temperature and exchange rate in Wuhan City: New findings from Partial and Multiple Wavelet Coherence

abstract:
  Abstract This study attempts to document the nexus between weather, covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan and the Chinese economy. We employ 24-h daily average temperature, daily new confirmed cases of a covid-19 in Wuhan, and RMB exchange rate to represent the weather, covid-19 outbreak, and Chinese economy, respectively. The methodology of Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC), Partial Wavelet Coherence (PWC), and Multiple Wavelet Coherence (MWC) is used to analyze the daily data collected from 21st January 2020 to 31st March 2020. Results reveal significant coherence between series at different time-frequency combinations. Overall results show the insignificance of an increase in temperature to contain new covid-19 infections. The Renminbi exchange rate showed a negative coherence at specific time-frequency spots suggesting a negative but limited impact of the covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan on the Chinese export economy. Our results are contrary to many earlier studies, which show a significant impact of increased temperature in slowing down covid-19 spread. These results can have important implications for economic and containment policy making regarding the covid-19 outbreak.


id: cord-305747-h17l3rt6
title: Macroeconomic spillover effects of the Chinese economy
author: Sznajderska, Anna
date: 2020-04-24
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12479
doi: 10.1111/roie.12479
abstract:
  The slowdown of economy and widening of domestic imbalances in China bothers economists and politicians across the globe. We estimate the influence of a negative output shock in China on a number of different economies. We concentrate on China's neighboring countries. We compare the results from the Global VAR model and from the Bayesian VAR models. Also using Bayesian model averaging we search for determinants of Chinese spillovers for the global economy. We find that spillovers are stronger to economies with less flexible exchange rates, a higher share of manufacturing in gross value added and to economies which are larger.


id: cord-306448-pxdqvk1p
author: Zhang, Li
date: 2005-03-21
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1567576905000561
doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.02.015
title:
  Selective depletion of glycyrrhizin from Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese prescription, blocks its effect on contact sensitivity in mice and recovers adhesion and metalloproteinases production of T lymphocytes

abstract:
  In the present study, we performed to selectively deplete glycyrrhizin from Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese prescription that consists of 4 Chinese herbs including Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis, and examined its influence on the suppressing activity of Si-Ni-San against contact sensitivity in mice. An immunoaffinity column was made by covalently coupling the polyclonal antibody, obtained by the immunization with glycyrrhizin–BSA conjugate, to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. By using this column, glycyrrhizin in Si-Ni-San was selectively and almost completely depleted from the whole extract, which was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both 200 mg/kg of Si-Ni-San and 10 mg/kg of glycyrrhizin, the dose corresponding to its proportion contained in Si-Ni-San, significantly reduced the ear swelling of picryl chloride (PCl)-induced ear contact sensitivity in mice and the inhibition by Si-Ni-San was stronger than that by glycyrrhizin. The adhesion activity to type IV collagen of the isolated spleen cells from PCl-sensitized mice was significantly decreased by both Si-Ni-San and glycyrrhizin. However, the glycyrrhizin-depleted sample of Si-Ni-San (Si-Ni-San(GL−)) only showed a slight inhibition on the cell adhesion. Furthermore, the spleen cells from PCl-sensitized mice produced more matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 than naive spleen cells did, and both Si-Ni-San and glycyrrhizin remarkably reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 production. In contrast, Si-Ni-San(GL−) only showed a slight inhibition. These results suggest that glycyrrhizin may act as one of the active constituents of Si-Ni-San in inhibiting delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction via down-regulating the MMP production and the cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. The present study also provides a new approach to recognize and validate an active constituent in traditional prescription through a selective depletion.


id: cord-308431-l4sv28hj
title: Covid-19, China and the future of global development
author: Schindler, Seth
date: 2020-08-04
txt: ./txt/cord-308431-l4sv28hj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-308431-l4sv28hj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590051X20300095?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.resglo.2020.100020
summary:
  This article lays out the origins and distinctive features of China''s development policies and vision, and argues that in a post-Covid world these may constitute an appealing alternative to the US-led development paradigm for many developing countries. We conclude by outlining three factors which may impact the future of Chinese leadership in the field of global development; a reconciliation of global financial governance and China''s development lending, the outcome of the upcoming American presidential election and domestic discontent within China over the Belt and Road Initiative. A recent global survey confirmed that the vast majority of people around the world think that China''s response to Covid-19 has been far more effective than the United States'' (Wintour, 2020) . The dollar is likely to remain the global reserve currency by default, but as countries grapple with the health impacts and economic fallout from Covid-19, many will turn to China for leadership given the effectiveness of its response.

abstract:
  Abstract Tensions between the United States and China have been escalating in recent years, and the Covid-19 pandemic has intensified their competition. If sustained, China's more effective public health response and economic restart will burnish its leadership credentials in the field of global development. This article lays out the origins and distinctive features of China's development policies and vision, and argues that in a post-Covid world these may constitute an appealing alternative to the US-led development paradigm for many developing countries. We contrast the universalism and rigidity of contemporary development orthodoxy with China's emphasis on bilateral and pragmatic forms of development cooperation borne out of its domestic experience. While Chinese development assistance and loans enhance its soft power, partner countries are offered significant autonomy and flexibility. We conclude by outlining three factors which may impact the future of Chinese leadership in the field of global development; a reconciliation of global financial governance and China's development lending, the outcome of the upcoming American presidential election and domestic discontent within China over the Belt and Road Initiative.


id: cord-309997-iwueedmm
author: Chan, C.H.
date: 2010-03-19
txt: ./txt/cord-309997-iwueedmm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-309997-iwueedmm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20303490/
doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.01.003
summary:
  authors: Chan, C.H.; Tiwari, A.; Fong, D.Y.T.; Ho, P.C. title: Post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese women survivors of intimate partner violence: A review of the literature The authors conducted a systematic search for relevant English language publications in computerized databases (Pubmed, Medline, PsychINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and Google Scholar) using the keywords intimate partner violence, domestic violence, partner violence, sexual abuse, physical violence, abused women, battered women, posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD, PTSD symptoms, trauma, traumatic stress, post-traumatic responses, mental disorder, and Chinese or Asian, with date restrictions from 1900 to June 2009. Although none of the studies reviewed focused on the relationship between psychological abuse and PTSD in Chinese women, an earlier study of Japanese-American women found that those women who had experienced emotional, but not physical, violence reported increased post-traumatic stress symptoms relative to those with no history of partner violence (Yoshihama and Horrocks, 2002) .

title:
  Post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese women survivors of intimate partner violence: A review of the literature

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the most prevalent mental health sequelae of intimate partner violence, and as a result, it has been extensively documented in Western literature. However, whether abused women from non-Western cultures experience similar post-traumatic responses to intimate partner violence is less documented. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this paper were (1) to review the literature for information about post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese women survivors of intimate partner violence; (2) to provide a synthesis of the literature on post-traumatic stress disorder among abused Chinese women; and (3) to identify implications for practice and to suggest directions for research relating to post-traumatic stress disorder among abused Chinese women. DESIGN: A systematic review of the literature. DATA SOURCES: Following a systematic search for relevant literature in computerized databases and manual searches of English and Chinese language publications, five papers reporting on four studies conducted in China, Taiwan, Malaysia, and the United States were included in the review. REVIEW METHODS: Abstracts meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed independently by two of the authors and any discrepancies were resolved by discussion. Full papers for selected abstracts were then retrieved and assessed independently by the same reviewers. RESULTS: The present literature review revealed a paucity of information relating to post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms or diagnoses in abused Chinese women. Nevertheless, a link between post-traumatic stress disorder and intimate partner violence was demonstrated by the reviewed papers. CONCLUSIONS: Caution should be exercised when making comparison of the findings across the four studies because of the inherent methodological differences. Also, as the assessment tools have not been validated for culture-bound interpretation of trauma and symptom manifestation, comparisons of findings for Chinese women to women in Western literature should be undertaken with due consideration. Implications for practice and recommendations for future research are discussed.


id: cord-310210-f2wb3er0
author: Xie, Runsheng
date: 2020-09-02
txt: ./txt/cord-310210-f2wb3er0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-310210-f2wb3er0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661820314869?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105178
summary:
  In response to this long-standing problem, the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) Working Group has organized a group of TCM clinical experts, methodologists, and epidemiology, through a multi-staged development process, including systematic review, reporting quality evaluation and online Delphi expert consensus, developed the RIGHT Extension Statement for TCM (RIGHT-TCM). These general principles and basic methods for treating diseases are based on the unique concept of holism and syndrome differentiation and have guiding significance for the specific J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f treatment measures in traditional Chinese medicine [22] . Using the RIGHT Statement to evaluate the reporting quality of clinical practice guidelines in traditional Chinese medicine Extension of RIGHT 13a item (recommendation section) 7Describe whether to treat disease based on the syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine.

title:
  The RIGHT Extension Statement for Traditional Chinese Medicine: Development, Recommendations, and Explanation

abstract:
  Nowadays, the number of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) guidelines is constantly increasing, but its reporting quality is still disappointing. One of the main reasons is that there is a lack of suitable reporting standard to guide it. Low-quality reports impede the presentation of the guidelines’ content even if the guidelines are well projected and developed, thereby hindering the user’s integration and evaluation of guidelines and even misleading clinical decisions [1,2]. In response to this long-standing problem, the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) Working Group has organized a group of TCM clinical experts, methodologists, and epidemiology, through a multi-staged development process, including systematic review, reporting quality evaluation and online Delphi expert consensus, developed the RIGHT Extension Statement for TCM (RIGHT-TCM). The RIGHT-TCM extends two sections of the RIGHT Statement, includes basic information and recommendations section. Seven strong recommendation sub-items were added on the basis of RIGHT Statement and formed the RIGHT-TCM finally. The group hopes that the RIGHT-TCM can assist TCM guideline developers in reporting guidelines, support journal editors and peer reviewers when considering TCM guideline reports, and help health care practitioners understand and implement a TCM guideline. This article will introduce its background, development, recommendations and explanation as follows.


id: cord-310232-n10ciwy6
author: Cheung, Wing
date: 2007-06-30
txt: ./txt/cord-310232-n10ciwy6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-310232-n10ciwy6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0266613806000568
doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2006.05.001
summary:
  Abstract Objective to explore and examine the relationship between maternal anxiety levels and feelings of control during labour among Hong Kong Chinese first-time pregnant women. Recent studies have suggested that feelings of control during labour are one of the important factors contributing to maternal childbirth satisfaction (Gibbins and Thomson, 2001) , and women should be empowered through knowledge of what to expect from accurate information received about the birth process. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between Hong Kong Chinese first-time pregnant women''s anxiety levels and their feelings of control during labour. It was envisaged that the results of this study could (1) increase understanding of the psychological parameters of Chinese women in childbirth; (2) help in explaining women''s unspoken high anxiety level and its relationship with their feelings of control during labour; and (3) help midwives to develop appropriate strategies to enhance positive childbirth experience for their clients.

title:
  Maternal anxiety and feelings of control during labour: A study of Chinese first-time pregnant women

abstract:
  Abstract Objective to explore and examine the relationship between maternal anxiety levels and feelings of control during labour among Hong Kong Chinese first-time pregnant women. Design an exploratory descriptive correlation design. Data were collected on three occasions: during latent phase of labour, during active phase of labour and within 24–48 hrs after delivery. Setting an obstetric unit of a public teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Participants a convenience sample of 90 Hong Kong Chinese first-time mothers. Measurements and findings the Labour Agentry Scale (LAS) is a self-report scale designed to measure feelings of control during childbirth. A Visual Analogue Scale for anxiety (VAS-A) was used to measure women's self-reported level of anxiety during labour. Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient test indicated a significant negative relationship between the feelings of control and maternal anxiety during labour. No statistical relationships were detected between women's attendance at antenatal classes and feelings of control during labour. Key conclusions the study showed a significant negative relationship between maternal anxiety and feelings of control during labour. Implications for practice midwives should work with women to enhance their personal control during labour and satisfaction with their birth. The insignificant relationship between attendance at antenatal classes and feelings of control suggests the need to evaluate the content of childbirth education in order to empower women's control during labour.


id: cord-310856-9dc9bqv8
author: Bardhan, Pranab
date: 2020-06-30
txt: ./txt/cord-310856-9dc9bqv8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-310856-9dc9bqv8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043951X20300274
doi: 10.1016/j.chieco.2020.101430
summary:
  Compared to other developing countries like India, it has special positive features of career incentives promoting growth at the local level, the ability to take long-term decisions relatively quickly, and a unique blend of political centralization and decentralization of economic power and responsibility, that is conducive to central guidance and local business development. On the other hand, with a lack of sufficient downward (as opposed to upward) accountability and absence of institutionalized systems of scrutiny and challenge from below, mistakes or abuse of power are more difficult to check and correct quickly, political loyalty may often get a premium over performance at the upper levels, and there are insufficient checks on collusion between business and officials. In any case such a general system of promotion has at least one important implication compared to other countries: Since performance incentives operate at least at the lower levels, higher-level leaders, even when they are selected on the basis of their loyalty to the current leadership at the top, are likely to have some measure of field-tested competence and experience.

title:
  The Chinese governance system: Its strengths and weaknesses in a comparative development perspective

abstract:
  Abstract This is an overview paper focusing on the organizational aspects of the Chinese governance system and their relation to development. Compared to other developing countries like India, it has special positive features of career incentives promoting growth at the local level, the ability to take long-term decisions relatively quickly, and a unique blend of political centralization and decentralization of economic power and responsibility, that is conducive to central guidance and local business development. On the other hand, with a lack of sufficient downward (as opposed to upward) accountability and absence of institutionalized systems of scrutiny and challenge from below, mistakes or abuse of power are more difficult to check and correct quickly, political loyalty may often get a premium over performance at the upper levels, and there are insufficient checks on collusion between business and officials. The over-all organizational system is prone to over-reaction in times of crisis and thus only weakly resilient compared to systems where information flows from below are less controlled or choked.


id: cord-311353-ozqfsuh8
title: The role of Chinese medicine in COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
author: Sun, Chun-Yang
date: 2020-07-08
txt: ./txt/cord-311353-ozqfsuh8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-311353-ozqfsuh8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0735675720305593
doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.069
summary:
  title: The role of Chinese medicine in COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis INTRODUCTION: Chinese medicine (CM) has been used to treat Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in China. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of CM in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. CONCLUSION: According to the allocated data, CM has demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety on COVID-19 pneumonia, which need to be confirmed by high quality, multiple-center, large sample randomized controlled trials. Therefore, the meta-analysis method will be used to systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety of CM for COVID-19 pneumonia. Studies meeting the following criteria were included: (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using CM (including Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese patent medicine and Chinese medicine injections) to treat COVID-19 pneumonia regardless of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f meta-analysis.

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: Chinese medicine (CM) has been used to treat Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in China. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of CM in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving CM in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia were identified from Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Database, Wanfang Database and VIP Information Database. The methodological quality of trials was evaluated with Cochrane Hanadbook criteria, and the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 7 valid studies involving 681 patients were included. The meta-analysis exhibited in comparison to conventional treatment, CM combined with conventional treatment significantly improved clinical efficacy (RR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.08,1.36]), and significantly increased viral nucleic acid negative conversion rate (RR = 1.49, 95% CI [1.13,1.97]). CM also prominently reduced pulmonary inflammation (RR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.12,1.44]), and improved host immune function (WBC, MD = 0.92, 95% CI [0.07,1.76]; LYM, MD = 0.33, 95% CI [0.08,0.57]; LYM%, MD = 2.90, 95% CI [2.09,3.71]; CRP, MD = −12.66, 95% CI [−24.40, −0.92]). Meanwhile, CM did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions (RR = 1.17, 95% CI [0.39,3.52]). CONCLUSION: According to the allocated data, CM has demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety on COVID-19 pneumonia, which need to be confirmed by high quality, multiple-center, large sample randomized controlled trials.


id: cord-313418-v5rtsqtx
title: Understanding China’s wildlife markets: Trade and tradition in an age of pandemic
author: Zhu, Annah
date: 2020-08-04
txt: ./txt/cord-313418-v5rtsqtx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-313418-v5rtsqtx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834389/
doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105108
summary:
  Beyond the global fight against the pandemic, there has been another global struggle over the meaning and origin of the disease, as evidenced by the spread of terms like ''''Wuhan Flu" and ''''bat soup." What has become obscured by the news cycle struggling to keep up with the rapid spread of the virus and the political sound and fury surrounding it is any meaningful understanding of China''s wildlife consumption and trade. Working toward this deeper understanding, we highlight three facets of China''s wildlife trade often overlooked in Western media and scholarship, but that are vital to understanding its dynamics and persistence: (1) the fundamental importance of traditional Chinese medicine in everyday life in China, (2) the speculative aspect of demand for rare wildlife, and (3) the reliance on captive breeding as a conservation tool for preventing species extinction.

abstract:
  Environmentalists have long been concerned about the rate at which China is consuming and trading in threatened and endangered wildlife. The recent COVID-19 global pandemic has made wildlife consumption an issue that concerns everyone around the world. Formerly obscure practices like wet markets and commodities like pangolin scales or bear bile have gained international notoriety. Along with that attention has come increasing politicization and ideological polarization. Beyond the global fight against the pandemic, there has been another global struggle over the meaning and origin of the disease, as evidenced by the spread of terms like “Wuhan Flu” and “bat soup.” What has become obscured by the news cycle struggling to keep up with the rapid spread of the virus and the political sound and fury surrounding it is any meaningful understanding of China’s wildlife consumption and trade. Deeply ingrained in Chinese culture and history, the wildlife trade is not going away anytime soon. Despite a national ban, already wet markets are returning across China. Addressing the wildlife trade in China, we argue, requires first understanding it.


id: cord-314205-6d5yloxp
author: Tambo, Ernest
date: 2016
txt: ./txt/cord-314205-6d5yloxp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-314205-6d5yloxp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28058199/
doi: nan
summary:
  CONCLUSIONS AND GLOBAL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS: Strengthening China-Africa health development agenda towards collective commitment and investment in quality care delivery, effective programs coverage and efficiency, preparedness and emergency response is needed in transforming African health information systems, and local health governance structures and management in emerging epidemics. Published papers on Chinese foreign diplomacy and policy reports and previous Chinese literature in relation to infectious diseases prevention and control and elimination programs, research and funding were reviewed to trace international health cooperation actions, information communication and strategies including Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) declarations on health development in 2013 and 2015 in Beijing and Cape Town respectively. Investing in priorities health needs, economic and political, scientific and technological development and empowerment inequalities should be addressed through this win-win mutual partnership with institutions and other international stakeholders in line with global health engagement in infectious and emerging diseases and epidemics especially in Africa and China.

title:
  China-Africa Health Development Initiatives: Benefits and Implications for Shaping Innovative and Evidence-informed National Health Policies and Programs in Sub-saharan African Countries

abstract:
  BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION: This review paper examines the growing implications of China’s engagement in shaping innovative national initiatives against infectious diseases and poverty control and elimination in African countries. It seeks to understand the factors and enhancers that can promote mutual and innovative health development initiatives, and those that are necessary in generating reliable and quality data for evidence-based contextual policy, priorities and programs. METHODS: We examined the China-Africa health cooperation in supporting global health agenda on infectious diseases such as malaria, schistosomiasis, Ebola, TB, HIV/AIDS, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) prevention, control and elimination spanning a period of 10 years. We reviewed referenced publications, global support data, and extensive sources related to and other emerging epidemics and infectious diseases of poverty, programs and interventions, health systems development issues, challenges, opportunities and investments. Published literature in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Books and web-based peer-reviewed journal articles, government annual reports were assessed from the first Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in November 2006 to December 2015 Third Ministerial conferences. RESULTS: Our findings highlight current shared public health challenges and emphasize the need to nurture, develop and establish effective, functional and sustainable health systems capacity to detect and respond to all public health threats and epidemic burdens, evidence-based programs and quality care outcomes. China’s significant health diplomacy emphasizes the importance of health financing in establishing health development commitment and investment in improving the gains and opportunities, importantly efficiency and value health priorities and planning. CONCLUSIONS AND GLOBAL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS: Strengthening China-Africa health development agenda towards collective commitment and investment in quality care delivery, effective programs coverage and efficiency, preparedness and emergency response is needed in transforming African health information systems, and local health governance structures and management in emerging epidemics. Furthermore, innovative evidence of operational joint solutions and strategies are critical in advancing healthcare delivery, and further enhancing Universal Health Care, and Sustainable Development Goals to attain global health improvements and economic prosperity.


id: cord-314538-l4ek54cu
title: Purification of melibiose‐binding lectins from two cultivars of Chinese black soybeans
author: Lin, Peng
date: 2008-12-16
txt: ./txt/cord-314538-l4ek54cu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-314538-l4ek54cu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19089301/
doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2008.00488.x
summary:
  The lectin was essentially similar to small glossy black soybean lectin except for a larger subunit molecular mass (31 kDa), a more potent mitogenic activity and lower thermostability. The small glossy black soybean lectin inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells and MCF7 cells with an IC 50 of 4.1 µM and 2.6 µM, respectively (Fig. 4) and the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC 50 of 2.82 µM (Fig. 5) . Chinese small glossy black soybean lectin exerts potent antiproliferative activity toward HepG2 and MCF7 cells, with an IC 50 of 4.1 µM and 2.6 µM, respectively. Thus lectins from the two cultivars of Chinese black soybean appear to differ in subunit molecular mass, thermostability and mitogenic activity, although they share the same N-terminal amino acid sequence and carbohydrate specificity and have similar HIV-reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity.

abstract:
  A dimeric 50 kDa melibiose‐binding lectin was isolated from the seeds of the cultivar of soybean (Glycine max), called the small glossy black soybean. The isolation procedure comprised ion exchange chromatography on Q Sepharose, SP Sepharose and Mono Q followed by gel filtration on Superdex 75. The lectin was adsorbed on all three ion exchangers, and it exhibited an N‐terminal sequence identical to that of soybean lectin. Of all the sugars tested, melibiose most potently inhibited the hemagglutinating activity of the lectin, which was stable between pH 3‐12 and 0‐70 °C. The lectin evoked maximal mitogenic response at about the same molar concentration as Con A. However, the response was much weaker. The soybean lectin inhibited the activity of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase as well as the proliferation of breast cancer MCF7 cells and hepatoma HepG2 cells with an IC(50) of 2.82 μM, 2.6 μM and 4.1 μM, respectively. There was no antifungal activity. Another lectin was isolated from a different cultivar of soybean called little black soybean. The lectin was essentially similar to small glossy black soybean lectin except for a larger subunit molecular mass (31 kDa), a more potent mitogenic activity and lower thermostability. The results indicate that different cultivars of soybean produce lectins that are not identical in every aspect.


id: cord-315591-5ttn8beu
author: Xie, Yaofei
date: 2020-09-15
txt: ./txt/cord-315591-5ttn8beu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-315591-5ttn8beu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01751-0
doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01751-0
summary:
  title: Dose–response relationship between intergenerational contact frequency and depressive symptoms amongst elderly Chinese parents: a cross-sectional study BACKGROUND: Given the high prevalence of depressive symptoms amongst the elderly Chinese population and the significance of intergenerational contact in this demographic group, the purpose of this study was to examine the association and dose–response relationship between the frequency of intergenerational contact and depressive symptoms. However, to our knowledge, no study has investigated the direct association between intergenerational contact frequency and depressive symptoms in the elderly Chinese population. To address this gap in knowledge, the present study in elderly Chinese participants aims to: (a) examine the association between intergenerational contact frequency and depressive symptoms, and (b) explore its dose-response relationship. The present study demonstrates that lower intergenerational contact frequency with children is independently associated with greater depressive symptoms amongst the elderly Chinese population.

title:
  Dose–response relationship between intergenerational contact frequency and depressive symptoms amongst elderly Chinese parents: a cross-sectional study

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Given the high prevalence of depressive symptoms amongst the elderly Chinese population and the significance of intergenerational contact in this demographic group, the purpose of this study was to examine the association and dose–response relationship between the frequency of intergenerational contact and depressive symptoms. METHODS: Data were obtained from the third wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A total of 5791 participants at age 60 or older were included in this study. Depressive symptoms were defined by the 10-item version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Intergenerational contact included in-person meeting and remote connecting, and they were analysed separately. Intergenerational contact frequency was classified into ten categories and then treated as a continuous variable for analysis. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regressions to identify risk covariables. Restrictive cubic spline analysis was used to examine the dose–response relationship between intergenerational contact frequency and the outcome of depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Both the frequency of meeting and the frequency of connecting with children were independently associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly, and the odds ratios for depressive symptoms increased with decreasing frequencies (P < 0.01). There was a negative dose–response relationship between intergenerational contact frequency and depressive symptoms. The odds of depressive symptoms steadily decreased with increasing frequency of meeting with their children. Following an initial increase, the odds rapidly decreased as the frequency of connecting with children increased with an inflection point at once a monthly. Both associations were nonlinear (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed a negative dose–response relationship between intergenerational contact frequency and depressive symptoms in the elderly Chinese population. Thus, future health interventions should consider cultural norms in shaping the mental well-being of Chinese elderly persons.


id: cord-315665-pe56le2s
title: The Environment and Well-Being in Urban China
author: Smyth, Russell
date: 2008-12-01
txt: ./txt/cord-315665-pe56le2s.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-315665-pe56le2s.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0921800908002486
doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.05.017
summary:
  We examine the relationship between atmospheric pollution, measured as sulphur dioxide emissions, environmental disasters, traffic congestion, access to parkland and well-being in urban China, using a large survey administered across 30 cities in 2003. This study adds to this paucity of literature through examining the correlation between environmental variables and subjective well-being using a survey of 8890 individuals in 30 Chinese cities, collected in September, 2003. Thus, from a policy perspective, lowering atmospheric pollution, measured as sulphur dioxide emissions, has a much more pronounced effect than changing any of the other environmental variables on the probability that Chinese urban resident will report a higher category of well-being. The main finding is that in cities with high atmospheric pollution, environmental disasters and traffic congestion urban residents report lower levels of well-being while in cities with greater access to parkland, respondents report higher levels of well-being controlling for the respondent''s attitudes towards the environment and other social and political issues and the personal traits of the respondent.

abstract:
  We examine the relationship between atmospheric pollution, measured as sulphur dioxide emissions, environmental disasters, traffic congestion, access to parkland and well-being in urban China, using a large survey administered across 30 cities in 2003. We find that in cities with high levels of atmospheric pollution, environmental disasters and traffic congestion Chinese citizens report significantly lower levels of well-being ceteris paribus while in cities with greater access to parkland Chinese citizens report significantly higher levels of well-being ceteris paribus.


id: cord-315997-x7gf49qz
author: Li, Li-Juan
date: 2020-07-31
txt: ./txt/cord-315997-x7gf49qz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-315997-x7gf49qz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000021310
doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021310
summary:
  title: Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of overview CONCLUSIONS: We expect to obtain reliable evidence from systematic analysis of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in an available and useful document. Based on the fact that novel coronavirus has pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in part of the pathological changes of lung, and the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on novel coronavirus is obvious at present, this study mainly discusses the systematic evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine on pulmonary fibrosis for re-evaluation, and finally analyzes the clinical total effective rate, lung function, curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms, blood gas analysis and other outcome indicators. The purpose of this study is to reevaluate the existing systematic evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Study on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in recovery period of SARS by integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine

title:
  Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of overview

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Since December 2019, there have been many cases of viral pneumonia of unknown causes in Wuhan City, Hubei Province. During the period of novel coronavirus, according to the observation of limited autopsy and biopsy pathological results, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis appeared in some pathological changes of lung. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive interstitial pneumonia with unknown etiology and pathological changes limited to the lung. At present, there is still a lack of reevaluation of systematic evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine treatment IPF. Therefore, a systematic re-evaluation of the systematic evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis may help to understand the effective treatment scheme of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis and provide more reliable evidence for the first-line clinicians to treat novel coronavirus. METHODS: We will search 3 foreign electronic databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed) and 4 Chinese electronic databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], WangFang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database [CBM], and Chinese Scientific Journal Database [VIP]) to collect potential systematic reviews from their inceptions to February 2020. The language of publication is limited to Chinese or English. We will consider SRs and meta-analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Two reviewers will identify relevant studies, and then assess the methodological quality by assessment of multiple systematic reviews-2 tool. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) report checklist to assess the quality of reports included in the study. In order to better evaluate the systematic evaluation included in this research, risk of bias in systematic review tool is included in this research to evaluate the methodological quality. The quality of evidence of the included systematic reviews was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The Primary outcomes include: Clinical total effective rate, curative effect of TCM symptoms, pulmonary function and blood gas analysis. RESULTS: The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSIONS: We expect to obtain reliable evidence from systematic analysis of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in an available and useful document. REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202060029


id: cord-316181-ccauw70y
title: Radix Bupleuri: A Review of Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology
author: Yang, Fude
date: 2017-05-16
txt: ./txt/cord-316181-ccauw70y.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-316181-ccauw70y.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28593176/
doi: 10.1155/2017/7597596
summary:
  Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Radix Bupleuri exhibited various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the major bioactive compounds (saikosaponins a, b(2), c, and d) were absorbed rapidly in rats after oral administration of the extract of Radix Bupleuri. Triterpenoid saponins are the main active components of Radix Bupleuri, which exhibit a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological effects, including analgesic, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral activities [3, [41] [42] [43] . reported that saikosaponins from Radix Bupleuri exhibited anti-inflammatory activity on inflammatory processes including inhibition of inflammatory exudation, capillary permeability, inflammatory mediators release, migration of white cells, connective tissue hyperplasia, and a variety of allergic inflammation [67] . Saponins isolated from Radix Bupleuri also exhibited significantly anti-proliferative activity in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells through Fas-dependent apoptotic pathway [80] .

abstract:
  Radix Bupleuri (Chaihu) has been used as a traditional medicine for more than 2000 years in China, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries. Phytochemical studies demonstrated that this plant contains essential oils, triterpenoid saponins, polyacetylenes, flavonoids, lignans, fatty acids, and sterols. Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Radix Bupleuri exhibited various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. However, Radix Bupleuri could also lead to hepatotoxicity, particularly in high doses and with long-term use. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the major bioactive compounds (saikosaponins a, b(2), c, and d) were absorbed rapidly in rats after oral administration of the extract of Radix Bupleuri. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of Radix Bupleuri reported to date with an emphasis on its biological properties and mechanisms of action.


id: cord-316853-vaea6siv
title: Prevalence of depressive symptoms among nurses in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis
author: Xie, Nanzhen
date: 2020-07-07
txt: ./txt/cord-316853-vaea6siv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-316853-vaea6siv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235448
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235448
summary:
  Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to quantitatively assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms in nurses from Chinese mainland and its primary related influencing factors by systematic review and meta-analysis. The following information was extracted from all included studies: title, year of publication, province, sample size, number of positive cases, diagnostic methods and other potential factors that may affect the prevalence of depressive symptoms in nurses and that was provided in the studies. In addition, subgroup analysis was performed based on other potential sources of heterogeneity, such as province, regions (Northwest, Southwest, Northeast, South, Central, East and North China), severity of depressive symptoms, department, gender, age, job title, marriage, education background, shift work and hospital grade (if available).

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, profoundly impacting an individual’s performance and quality of life. Due to their unique working conditions, nursing is counted among the occupational groups at high risk for developing depression. Because of the shortage of nursing resources in China, Chinese nurses suffer from heavy daily workloads more than those in many other countries. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the overall prevalence of depressive symptoms and analyse the potential risk factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese nurses. METHODS: A systematic literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Weipu and Wanfang databases up to Dec 31st, 2019 was performed regarding the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Chinese nurses. Eligibility assessment and data extraction were performed independently by 2 researchers, and meta-analysis was used to synthesize the data. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran’s Q test and quantified using the I(2) statistic. To explore the potential source of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were also performed. In addition, both funnel plot and Egger’s tests were adopted to assess publication bias. RESULTS: A total of 102 studies published from 1996 to 2019 covering 22 provinces were included for further analysis. The total number of participants was 52,592, with a range of 46 to 7205 per study. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms in Chinese nurses was 43.83% (95%CI: 40.26%-47.42%), and 31.12% (95%CI: 27.30%-35.07%) were classified as mild degrees of depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms may be significantly affected by region, province or municipality and department marital status. Moreover, an increasing trend in the prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed in recent years. CONCLUSION: The results presented a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses, which suggests interventional programmes by health decision-makers to improving the mental state of nurses is needed urgently, especially in nurses with high risk factors for depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the nationwide investigation of depressive symptoms prevalence should be performed with a standard diagnostic tool, which may be more useful for policy makers and planners.


id: cord-319016-ymypvg6k
author: Li, Yu-xi
date: 2020-10-08
txt: ./txt/cord-319016-ymypvg6k.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-319016-ymypvg6k.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33030653/
doi: 10.1007/s11655-020-3431-x
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Clinical Practice Guidelines and Experts'' Consensuses for Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients with Chinese Herbal Medicine: A Systematic Review Clinical practice guidelines and experts'' consensuses of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol of a systematic review Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus by traditional Chinese medicine in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region Traditional Chinese medicine differentiation and treatment protocol for novel coronavirus pneumonia in Jiangsu Province (Trial version 3) Expert consensus on prevention and rehabilitation of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine during the outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia in cancer patients in Hubei Province Expert consensus on prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia in guangdong with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine (trial version 1) Treatment efficacy analysis of traditional Chinese medicine for novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): an empirical study from Wuhan

title:
  Clinical Practice Guidelines and Experts’ Consensuses for Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients with Chinese Herbal Medicine: A Systematic Review


id: cord-321041-51b7oh8s
title: 2019-nCoV - Towards a 4th generation vaccine
author: Chiappelli, Francesco
date: 2020-02-12
txt: ./txt/cord-321041-51b7oh8s.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-321041-51b7oh8s.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32405164/
doi: 10.6026/97320630016139
summary:
  Yet, the World Health Organization officially announced that there is still at present no recommended anti-nCoV vaccine for subject at-risk, nor treatment for patients with suspected or confirmed nCoV, let alone 2019-nCov. It is therefore timely and critical to propose new possible and practical approaches for preventive interventions for subjects at-risk, and for treatment of patients afflicted with 2019-nCov-induced disease (Corona Virus Disease 2019; COVID-19) before the present situation explodes into a worldwide pandemic. While the development of a vaccine of the 1 st , 2 nd or 3 rd generation against the spike protein is possible but time consuming, it is therefore timely ad critical to propose new possible and practical approaches for preventing infection of subjects at-risk and for treatment intervention of patients infected with 2019-nCov, or any other CoV for that matter.

abstract:
  The first report of the unusual manifestation of pneumonia-like symptoms in Wuhan City, China was made on 31 December 2019. Within one week, the Chinese authorities reported that they had identified the causative agent as a new member of the Coronavirus family, the same family of that was responsible for MERS and SARS not so many years ago. The new virus was called Novel Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV). Three weeks later, the World Health Organization declared that 2019-nCoV was capable of direct human-to-human transmission, the virus had spread across several countries in three continents, and had infected close to two thousand people, of whom at least 1 in 5 quite severely. The number of fatalities was fast rising. Yet, the World Health Organization officially announced that there is still at present no recommended anti-nCoV vaccine for subject at-risk, nor treatment for patients with suspected or confirmed nCoV, let alone 2019-nCov. It is therefore timely and critical to propose new possible and practical approaches for preventive interventions for subjects at-risk, and for treatment of patients afflicted with 2019-nCov-induced disease (Corona Virus Disease 2019; COVID-19) before the present situation explodes into a worldwide pandemic. One such potential clinical protocol is proposed as a hypothesis.


id: cord-322575-3goj00ej
title: Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Haplotype Diversity in Chinese Rhesus Macaques
author: Karl, Julie A.
date: 2013-07-01
txt: ./txt/cord-322575-3goj00ej.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322575-3goj00ej.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23696100/
doi: 10.1534/g3.113.006254
summary:
  The use of Chinese-origin rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) for infectious disease immunity research is increasing despite the relative lack of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I immunogenetics information available for this population. We determined transcript-based MHC class I haplotypes for 385 Chinese rhesus macaques from five different experimental cohorts, providing a concise representation of the full complement of MHC class I major alleles expressed by each animal. Our group and others have shown that the repertoire of MHC class I alleles expressed by Chinese rhesus macaques is largely distinct from that observed in Indian rhesus macaques (Otting et al. We also compared our 139 Chinese-and Indian-origin rhesus macaque haplotypes against the well-characterized panel of Mauritian cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis; Mafa) haplotypes to explore possible ancestral haplotype sharing between the two species (Wiseman et al. However, our model of defining MHC class I haplotypes of coinherited highly expressed major alleles provides a novel approach for assessing putatively functional similarities between macaque populations.

abstract:
  The use of Chinese-origin rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) for infectious disease immunity research is increasing despite the relative lack of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I immunogenetics information available for this population. We determined transcript-based MHC class I haplotypes for 385 Chinese rhesus macaques from five different experimental cohorts, providing a concise representation of the full complement of MHC class I major alleles expressed by each animal. In total, 123 Mamu-A and Mamu-B haplotypes were defined in the full Chinese rhesus macaque cohort. We then performed an analysis of haplotype frequencies across the experimental cohorts of Chinese rhesus macaques, as well as a comparison against a group of 96 Indian rhesus macaques. Notably, 35 of the 51 Mamu-A and Mamu-B haplotypes observed in Indian rhesus macaques were also detected in the Chinese population, with 85% of the 385 Chinese-origin rhesus macaques expressing at least one of these class I haplotypes. This unexpected conservation of Indian rhesus macaque MHC class I haplotypes in the Chinese rhesus macaque population suggests that immunologic insights originally gleaned from studies using Indian rhesus macaques may be more applicable to Chinese rhesus macaques than previously appreciated and may provide an opportunity for studies of CD8(+) T-cell responses between populations. It may also be possible to extend these studies across multiple species of macaques, as we found evidence of shared ancestral haplotypes between Chinese rhesus and Mauritian cynomolgus macaques.


id: cord-322908-e3gok0ot
title: A review of therapeutic agents and Chinese herbal medicines against SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19)
author: Huang, Fangfang
date: 2020-05-20
txt: ./txt/cord-322908-e3gok0ot.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322908-e3gok0ot.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661820312378?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104929
summary:
  In the absence of confirmed effective treatments, due to public health emergencies, it is essential to study the possible effects of existing approved antivirals drugs or Chinese herbal medicines for SARS-CoV-2. Meanwhile, this review also focus on the re-purposing of clinically approved drugs and Chinese herbal medicines that may be used to treat COVID-19 and provide new ideas for the discovery of small molecular compounds with potential therapeutic effects on novel COVID-19. In this review, we summarized potential Chinese herbal medicines ( Table 2 ) that may treat COVID-19 by targeting proteins such as Spike protein, ACE2, 3CLpro, PLpro and RdRp. We also predicted the binding affinities between these compounds and COVID-19 related targets by molecular docking, with a focus on six compounds: quercetin, andrographolide, glycyrrhizic acid, baicalin, patchouli alcohol, and luteolin. Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial

abstract:
  The epidemic of pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been listed as a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO), and its harm degree is defined as a global “pandemic”. At present, the efforts of various countries focus on the rapid diagnosis and isolation of patients, as well as to find a treatment that can combat the most serious impact of the disease. The number of reported COVID-19 virus infections is still increasing. Unfortunately, no drugs or vaccines have been approved for the treatment of human coronaviruses, but there is an urgent need for in-depth research on emerging human infectious coronaviruses. Clarification transmission routes and pathogenic mechanisms, and identification of potential drug treatment targets will promote the development of effective prevention and treatment measures. In the absence of confirmed effective treatments, due to public health emergencies, it is essential to study the possible effects of existing approved antivirals drugs or Chinese herbal medicines for SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, virus structure and targeting strategies of COVID-19. Meanwhile, this review also focus on the re-purposing of clinically approved drugs and Chinese herbal medicines that may be used to treat COVID-19 and provide new ideas for the discovery of small molecular compounds with potential therapeutic effects on novel COVID-19.


id: cord-322982-c4xhg567
title: Low genetic diversity in the masked palm civet Paguma larvata (Viverridae)
author: Patou, M.‐L.
date: 2009-04-17
txt: ./txt/cord-322982-c4xhg567.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322982-c4xhg567.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00570.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00570.x
summary:
  Results indicated a low genetic variability and suggested a lack of a phylogeographic structure in this species, which do not allow inferring the geographic origin of samples of unknown origin, although it is possible to distinguish individuals from China and the Sundaic region. For this purpose, we sequenced a portion of two mitochondrial genes, the cytochrome b (Cytb) and the control region (CR), both shown to be suitable markers for carnivore species phylogeography (e.g. Li et al., 2005a,b; Marmi et al., 2006; Cosson et al., 2007; Veron et al., 2007) , and analysed five polymorphic microsatellite markers in Chinese wild and farmed populations. We used the Arlequin 2.0 software (Excoffier, Laval & Schneider, 2005) to carry out several analyses: (1) analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA, Excoffier, Smouse & Quattro, 1992) to test for genetic differentiation between putative geographical regions and (2) computation of haplotypic as well as nucleotidic diversity (p) for each of the groups.

abstract:
  The masked palm civet is distributed through south‐east Asia, China and the Himalayas. Because of its potential role in the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic, it has become important to gather information on this species, and notably to provide a tool to determine the origin of farm and market animals. For this purpose, we studied the genetic variability and the phylogeographic pattern of the masked palm civet Paguma larvata. First, two portions of mitochondrial genes, cytochrome b and the control region, were sequenced for a total of 76 individuals sampled from China, the Indochinese region and the Sundaic region. Results indicated a low genetic variability and suggested a lack of a phylogeographic structure in this species, which do not allow inferring the geographic origin of samples of unknown origin, although it is possible to distinguish individuals from China and the Sundaic region. This low variation is in contrast to the well‐marked morphological differentiation between the populations in the Sundaic and Chinese–Indochinese regions. We also used five microsatellite loci to genotype 149 samples from two wild and four farmed populations in China, where the masked palm civet is farmed and where the SARS coronavirus was isolated. These analyses also showed a reduced variability in Chinese civets and showed that farmed populations did not exhibit a lower genetic diversity than wild populations, suggesting frequent introductions of wild individuals into farms.


id: cord-323261-1of5ertf
title: Securitizing HIV/AIDS: a game changer in state-societal relations in China?
author: Lo, Catherine Yuk-ping
date: 2018-05-16
txt: ./txt/cord-323261-1of5ertf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-323261-1of5ertf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29769102/
doi: 10.1186/s12992-018-0364-7
summary:
  Considering the low priority of health policies since the economic reform, the limitation of the "third sector" activity permitted in authoritarian China, together with the political sensitivity of the HIV/AIDS problem in the country, this article aims to explain the proliferation of HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China with the usage of the securitization framework in the field of international relations (IR). Based on the discourse analysis of the official documents and newspaper articles, it is argued that Chinese national leaders followed suit the international move (i.e. UNSC Resolution 1308) to securitize HIV/AIDS in the country, framing HIV/ AIDS as a threat with social, political, economic, and security implications. Along with the weakening of international securitization efforts and the rise of Chinese government''s involvement in managing NGOs in the post-Global Fund era, the continuous proliferation of NGOs is further complicated by the fragmented nature of HIV/AIDS-focused civil society groups in China.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: China has experienced unprecedented economic growth since the 1980s. Despite this impressive economic development, this growth exists side by side with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crises and the persisting deficiencies in public health provision in China. Acknowledging the prevailing health problems, the Chinese government has encouraged the development of health non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to respond to the health challenges and address the gaps in public health provision of the government. HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs have been perceived as the most outstanding civil society group developed in China. Considering the low priority of health policies since the economic reform, the limitation of the “third sector” activity permitted in authoritarian China, together with the political sensitivity of the HIV/AIDS problem in the country, this article aims to explain the proliferation of HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China with the usage of the securitization framework in the field of international relations (IR). METHODS: The research that underpins this article is based on a desk-based literature review as well as in-depth field interviews with individuals working in HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China. Face-to-face interviews for this research were conducted between January and May in 2011, and between December 2016 and January 2017, in China. Discourse analysis was in particular employed in the study of the security-threat framing process (securitization) of HIV/AIDS in China. RESULTS: This article argues that the proliferation of HIV/AIDS-related NGOs in China is largely attributed to the normative and technical effects of HIV/AIDS securitization ushered in by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and supported by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (hereinafter Global Fund) observed in China. Despite depicting a positive scenario, the development of HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China generated by the international securitization efforts is largely limited. An internal and external factor was identified to verify the argument, namely (1) the reduction of international financial commitments, as well as (2) the fragmentation of HIV/AIDS-focused NGO community in China. CONCLUSIONS: This article shows that international securitization weakened with the rise of Chinese commitment on HIV/AIDS interventions. In other words, HIV/AIDS-related responses delivered by the national government are no longer checked by the global mechanism of HIV/AIDS; thus it is unclear whether these NGOs would remain of interest as partners for the government. The fragmentation of the HIV/AIDS community would further hinder the development, preventing from NGOs with the same interest forming alliances to call for changes in current political environment. Such restriction on the concerted efforts of HIV/AIDS-related NGOs in China would make achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to foster stronger partnerships between the government and civil society difficult, which in turn hindering the realization of ending HIV/AIDS in the world by 2030.


id: cord-323307-nu9ib62h
title: The genomes of two bat species with long constant frequency echolocation calls
author: Dong, Dong
date: 2016-10-26
txt: ./txt/cord-323307-nu9ib62h.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-323307-nu9ib62h.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw231
doi: 10.1093/molbev/msw231
summary:
  For homology-based gene prediction, the protein sequences of human, mouse, dog, cow, little brown bat and large flying fox were downloaded from Ensembl Release 72 and mapped onto the repeat-masked genome using GenBlastA (She, et al. Moreover, we identified 577, 453 and 182 positively selected genes in the great leaf-nosed bat, the Chinese rufous horseshoe bat and the large flying fox, (Supplementary Tables S10, 11, 12), respectively. Clade model C implemented in PAML was employed (Weadick and Chang 2012) , and the result also persisted that more positively selected genes were detected in the branches leading to echolocating bats (Supplementary Table S20 ). The genome re-sequencing analysis has been performed based generally on the following considerations: 1) to characterize the genetic diversity and patterns of evolution; 2) to understand the genetic bases of adaptation to high altitude in the great leaf-nosed bats.

abstract:
  Bats can perceive the world by using a wide range of sensory systems, and some of the systems have become highly specialized, such as auditory sensory perception. Among bat species, the Old World leaf-nosed bats and horseshoe bats (rhinolophoid bats) possess the most sophisticated echolocation systems. Here, we reported the whole-genome sequencing and de novo assembles of two rhinolophoid bats – the great leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros armiger) and the Chinese rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sinicus). Comparative genomic analyses revealed the adaptation of auditory sensory perception in the rhinolophoid bat lineages, probably resulting from the extreme selectivity used in the auditory processing by these bats. Pseudogenization of some vision-related genes in rhinolophoid bats was observed, suggesting that these genes have undergone relaxed natural selection. An extensive contraction of olfactory receptor gene repertoires was observed in the lineage leading to the common ancestor of bats. Further extensive gene contractions can be observed in the branch leading to the rhinolophoid bats. Such concordance suggested that molecular changes at one sensory gene might have direct consequences for genes controlling for other sensory modalities. To characterize the population genetic structure and patterns of evolution, we re-sequenced the genome of 20 great leaf-nosed bats from four different geographical locations of China. The result showed similar sequence diversity values and little differentiation among populations. Moreover, evidence of genetic adaptations to high altitudes in the great leaf-nosed bats was observed. Taken together, our work provided a useful resource for future research on the evolution of bats.


id: cord-323479-vlgv3nwq
author: Speranza, Jasmine
date: 2020-03-01
txt: ./txt/cord-323479-vlgv3nwq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-323479-vlgv3nwq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9030298
doi: 10.3390/plants9030298
summary:
  tinctoria has been thoroughly investigated and the plant was proven to contain many valuable biologically active compounds, including several alkaloids, among which tryptanthrin, indirubin, indolinone, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides as well as glucosinolates, carotenoids, volatile constituents, and fatty acids. In the lyophilized extracts'' analysis, beyond the characterization and quantification of 122 compounds previously described, the following indole derivatives were described for the first time: acetylindican, malonylindican, two Another important compound of this class is tryptanthrin, indolo-[2,1-b]-quinazoline alkaloid ( Figure 4 ), which is also responsible for some biological activities of I. In particular, the study concerned the evaluation of anti-microbial activity of fractions obtained from different parts of the plant (branches, flowers, leaves, and roots) by extraction with 14 different solvents, which was performed using a micro-titer plate method against seven bacterial and four fungal strains. Anti-inflammatory and antiallergic activity in vivo of lipophilic Isatis tinctoria extracts and tryptanthrin

title:
  Isatis tinctoria L. (Woad): A Review of Its Botany, Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Biotechnological Studies

abstract:
  Isatis tinctoria L. (Brassicaceae), which is commonly known as woad, is a species with an ancient and well-documented history as an indigo dye and medicinal plant. Currently, I. tinctoria is utilized more often as medicinal remedy and also as a cosmetic ingredient. In 2011, I. tinctoria root was accepted in the official European phytotherapy by introducing its monograph in the European Pharmacopoeia. The biological properties of raw material have been known from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Over recent decades, I. tinctoria has been investigated both from a phytochemical and a biological point of view. The modern in vitro and in vivo scientific studies proved anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, antimicrobial, antiviral, analgesic, and antioxidant activities. The phytochemical composition of I. tinctoria has been thoroughly investigated and the plant was proven to contain many valuable biologically active compounds, including several alkaloids, among which tryptanthrin, indirubin, indolinone, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides as well as glucosinolates, carotenoids, volatile constituents, and fatty acids. This article provides a general botanical and ethnobotanical overview that summarizes the up-to-date knowledge on the phytochemistry and biological properties of this valuable plant in order to support its therapeutic potential. Moreover, the biotechnological studies on I. tinctoria, which mainly focused on hairy root cultures for the enhanced production of flavonoids and alkaloids as well as on the establishment of shoot cultures and micropropagation protocols, were reviewed. They provide input for future research prospects.


id: cord-325380-uo1tdi1z
author: Hu, Caiyun
date: 2020-09-17
txt: ./txt/cord-325380-uo1tdi1z.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-325380-uo1tdi1z.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5157089
doi: 10.1155/2020/5157089
summary:
  Studies were selected based on the following criteria: (1) experimental studies; (2) pneumonia was diagnosed according to clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, chest X-ray results, or relevant diagnostic criteria; (3) the Lianhua Qingwen group was treated with Lianhua Qingwen or Lianhua Qingwen combined with conventional drugs (the conventional drug group was given conventional antibiotics, antiviral drugs, or symptomatic treatment); and (4) relevant data of the efficacy index (i.e., flu-like symptoms (fever, cough, sore throat, nausea, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, fatigue, muscle pain, and headache); sputum; pulmonary rales; shortness of breath; breathlessness; chest tightness; pulmonary imaging improvement; curative effect; healing period; conversion of severe cases; and adverse reactions) were provided.

title:
  Efficacy of Lianhua Qingwen Compared with Conventional Drugs in the Treatment of Common Pneumonia and COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis

abstract:
  METHODS: Seven English and Chinese databases were used to search for qualified experimental studies as of July 27, 2020. All data were extracted directly from the included studies, and no special conversion formula was used. The weighted mean difference (WMD), 95% confidence interval (CI), and odds ratio (OR) were used for evaluation. RESULTS: Forty-two studies involving 3793 subjects met the qualification criteria. For common pneumonia, a short duration of flu-like symptoms (WMD = −1.81, 95% CI = −2.12 to −1.50, P < 0.001), sputum (WMD = −1.10, 95% CI = −1.50 to −0.70, P < 0.001), pulmonary rale (WMD = −2.03, 95% CI = −2.74 to −1.31, P < 0.001), pulmonary imaging improvement (WMD = −1.88, 95% CI = −2.28 to −1.47, P < 0.001), curative effect (OR = 3.65, 95% CI = 2.81 to 4.76, P < 0.001), and healing period (WMD = −1.68, 95% CI = −2.62 to −0.74, P < 0.001) were associated with the Lianhua Qingwen group; subgroup analysis based on flu-like symptoms showed statistically significant improvements in fever and cough. For COVID-19 pneumonia, improvements in flu-like symptoms (OR = 3.18, 95% CI = 2.36 to 4.29, P < 0.001), shortness of breath (OR = 10.62, 95% CI = 3.71 to 30.40, P < 0.001), curative effect (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.76 to 3.53, P < 0.001), healing period (WMD = −2.06, 95% CI = −3.36 to −0.75, P = 0.002), and conversion of severe cases (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.77, P = 0.003) were associated with the Lianhua Qingwen group; subgroup analysis indicated statistically significant improvements of fever, cough, fatigue, and muscle pain in the Lianhua Qingwen group compared to the conventional drug group. Regarding adverse reactions, no significant difference was detected for common pneumonia (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.54 to 1.05, P = 0.097). CONCLUSIONS: Lianhua Qingwen combined with conventional drugs may be a promising therapy for treating common pneumonia and COVID-19 pneumonia.


id: cord-327253-gge6wzly
title: Stigma at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Villa, Simone
date: 2020-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-327253-gge6wzly.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-327253-gge6wzly.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32777361/
doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.001
abstract: nan
summary:
  1 Beginning in late January 2020, when the COVID-19 epidemic was still largely limited to China, verbal and physical attacks against Chinese or people of Asian descent have been documented in many countries. 10 In contrary, uninfected COVID-19 people may be facing discrimination when applying for jobs in some countries that may implement COVID-19 passport strategies, despite recommendations of the World Health Organization against such a practice. This reactive behaviour facilitates spreading of infectious pathogens especially among those with mild symptoms who avoid seeking medical attention and act J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f as usual not to raise suspicion on their condition. The world cannot bear a parallel pandemic of stigma, which only serves to boost the spread of infectious diseases and worsen people''s health conditions and social behaviours. Noteworthy, individuals with COVID-19 may develop poor health-seeking behaviours (e.g. avoiding testing) because, by anticipating and fearing stigma, they may perceive the risk of losing their job and being marginalised in the society.


id: cord-327502-za6x4reh
title: Inward international students in China and their contributions to global common goods
author: Tian, Lin
date: 2020-03-11
txt: ./txt/cord-327502-za6x4reh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-327502-za6x4reh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00522-5
doi: 10.1007/s10734-020-00522-5
summary:
  This study identifies the (global) common goods produced and augmented by inward student mobility and its relevance to national policies and strategies in China by interviewing 27 policy-makers, university leaders, and academics, as well as international students. Considering the contributions made by inward student mobility to (global) common goods, participants suggested that, academically, it cultivates human resources, retains high-level talents (serving local society), and improves international cooperation; politically, it accelerated international exchanges, which improves mutual understanding and respect; scientifically, it strengthens international scientific research cooperation; and economically, it can be seen as a potential economic growth point (though China has not yet achieved this result) and may expand the influence of destination countries and cities. The findings of this study reveal that inward student mobility brings benefits to China and contributes to global common goods flowing worldwide, which can also be regarded as a reason for the supporting of national and institutional policies and strategies on international students.

abstract:
  This study identifies the (global) common goods produced and augmented by inward student mobility and its relevance to national policies and strategies in China by interviewing 27 policy-makers, university leaders, and academics, as well as international students. Most importantly, it develops a new framework for interpreting inward student mobility through the lens of (global) common goods, with benefit, influence, and balance as the three key elements. The findings of this study indicate that inward international students contribute to global common goods in the aspects of cultural diversity, global talents, improved policies, and practices, etc. (benefit). Key policies related to inward international students are generally supportive, and meanwhile compatible with these global common goods to a large extent (influence). Though some problems and tensions are observed in this study, constructive solutions have already been proposed by both the Chinese government and HEIs (balance).


id: cord-330674-enq6kgab
author: Yu, Jung-Sheng
date: 2014-06-12
txt: ./txt/cord-330674-enq6kgab.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-330674-enq6kgab.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32288884/
doi: 10.1016/j.eujim.2014.06.003
summary:
  INTRODUCTION: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat upper respiratory tract infections/common colds (URTIs) in Asian countries for over 2000 years. METHODS: The TCM treatments for patients consulting with an URTIs were analyzed from the National Health Insurance Research Database using the appropriate codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnoses for Taiwan in 2009. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat upper respiratory tract infections/common colds (URTIs) in Asian countries for over 2000 years. A number of Chinese herbs have been used to treat URTIs. TCM treatment of disease in Taiwan is generally in accordance with TCM theories and the personal experience of the CMDs. Our results showed that Yin-Qiao-San was the most popular TCM formula that was used to treat URTIs. Yin-Qiao-San first appeared in the record of WenBingTiaoBian (1798-1836 A.D.) and remains a common TCM prescription for treating seasonal influenza [35] , as well as the common cold, fever, cough, and other respiratory tract diseases [36] .

title:
  Traditional Chinese medicine treatments for upper respiratory tract infections/common colds in Taiwan

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat upper respiratory tract infections/common colds (URTIs) in Asian countries for over 2000 years. However, Chinese medicine doctors (CMDs) follow the traditional treatment rules to select or administer these diverse Chinese medicine formulae. The main purpose of our study was to explore data on the frequency of medication and medication habits by CMDs for the treatment of URTIs with Chinese herbs and Chinese medicine formulae. METHODS: The TCM treatments for patients consulting with an URTIs were analyzed from the National Health Insurance Research Database using the appropriate codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnoses for Taiwan in 2009. A data mining and association rules, were used to analyze co-prescriptions of TCM for patients with URTIs. RESULTS: For 472,005 patients who sought the treatment of URTIs, a total of 46,805 patients with URTIs received TCM treatments, of these 29,052 patients sought both TCM and Western medication treatments. Of the URTIs patients who had received a TCM treatment, 79% presented with an acute common cold, 9% had influenza, and 9% had acute upper respiratory infections. Furthermore, 53.89% of the sample were aged between 20 and 49 years, and 62.84% were women, 3.56% of the patients used Yin-Qiao-San and 2.76% used Jie-Geng. Yin-Qiao-San and Ma-Xing-Gan-Shi-Tang were the most commonly combinations of prescriptions for patients with URTIs. CONCLUSIONS: The patients experiencing URTIs were more likely to request TCM treatment if their symptoms were mild and they were women. The Chinese medicine doctors treating URTIs generally followed TCM theory. A coding system for TCM diagnostic classifications could improve evaluations of TCM treatments.


id: cord-333119-vu4qbcy1
author: Zhang, Xiao-rui
date: 2020-09-25
txt: ./txt/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101037/
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.583651
summary:
  title: The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic Moreover, 1,8-cineole, the major constituent of the essential oil of Lanxangia tsao-ko (Crevost & Lemarie) M.F.Newman & Skornick., is commonly applied for treating inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract caused by viruses since it potentiates the antiviral effect of IRF3, in addition to its inhibitory effect on proinflammatory NF-kB signaling (Müller et al., 2016) . However, according to data collected by the National Health Commission of the people''s Republic of China, clinical practice in Chinese hospitals have reported that traditional Chinese medicine has a definite therapeutic effect in the early stages of COVID-19 infection . The antiinflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of these volatiles seem to play the most critical roles in treating patients infected with COVID-19. Study on the Mechanism of Aromatic Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound on Prevention and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia

title:
  The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic

abstract:
  Aromatic Chinese herbs have been used to prevent plagues since ancient times. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases. According to the traditional Chinese medicine treatment plan in the National COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Seventh Edition) of the National Health Commission, Chinese patent medicines or prescriptions rich in aromatic Chinese herbs are selected for prevention and treatment during the period of medical observation, clinical treatment, and recovery of confirmed COVID-19 patients. Some local health committees or traditional Chinese medicine administrations recommend a variety of other ways of using traditional aromatic Chinese herbs to prevent and cure COVID-19. These involve external fumigation, use of moxibustion, and wearing of sachet. The efficacy of aromatic Chinese herbs plays a decisive role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The unique properties, chemical composition, and mechanism of action of aromatic Chinese herbs are worthy of extensive and in-depth experimental and clinical research. The findings are expected to provide a reference for follow-up treatment of novel coronavirus and the development of corresponding drugs. In 2003, Dayuan-Yin produced excellent results in the treatment of the SARS virus. Individually, 112 confirmed cases were administered this drug between January and April 2003, and more than 93.7% of the patients showed noticeable mitigation of the symptoms, as well as recovery. Dayuan-Yin also was selected as one of the nationally recommended prescriptions for the COVID-19. Based on the national recommendation of Dayuan-Yin prescription, this review discusses the role of volatile components in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, and speculates the possible mechanism of action, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.


id: cord-333479-d0mgma42
author: Duan, Li
date: 2020-07-02
txt: ./txt/cord-333479-d0mgma42.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333479-d0mgma42.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32658812/
doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.029
summary:
  Moreover, multiple linear regression and bivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between outcome variables (the reported level of anxiety and clinical depressive symptom) and potential predictors (e.g. concerns related to the epidemic, smartphone/internet addiction, and coping style) while adjusting for other identified explanatory variables. Additionally, in order to further analyze the significant factors associated with the level of respondent'' anxiety, we conducted multiple linear regression analysis and obtained the following factors to construct a multiple linear regression model of anxiety: clinical depression levels, implementation of the precaution and control measures, sex, family member or friend was infected with coronavirus, occupation of the mother involved in the epidemic, region (e.g., rural, urban), and emotion-focused coping style, which accounted for 31.0% of the total variance ( Table 5) .

title:
  An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in China during the outbreak of COVID-19

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: : The sudden outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a dramatic effect on the mental health of the public. In the present study, we demonstrated the psychological effects on children and adolescents associated with the epidemic . METHODS: : By using convenience sampling method, questionnaires, such as Spence Child Anxiety Scale, Child Depression Inventory and Coping style Scale, were distributed to participating 359 children and 3254 adolescents online. RESULTS: : The anxiety levels of children and adolescents were (23.87±15.79) and (29.27±19.79), respectively. 22.28% respondents were suffering from depressive symptoms. Seven significant factors associated with increased levels of anxiety, including female, resident in urban regions, emotion-focused coping style. Nine factors associated with increased levels of depression, such as smartphone addiction (OR 1.411, 95% CI 1.099–1.180), Internet addiction (OR 1.844, 95% CI 1.209–2.811), and resident in Hubei province (OR 3.107, 95% CI 1.252–7.708). Two additional factors associated with decreased levels of depressive symptoms: hours spend on Internet per day before the epidemic (OR 0.652, 95% CI 0.609–0.697) and tendency to apply problem-focused coping style (OR 0.937, 95% CI 0.923–0.951). CONCLUSION: : Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant psychosocial impact on children and adolescents. Findings of current levels of anxiety and depression not only highlight the need to address emotional distress for children and adolescents during the epidemic but also provide researchers with scientific fundamentals to formulate targeted interventions based on the significant influencing factors.


id: cord-333595-9erjf8rk
author: Maurushat, Alana
date: 2008-02-14
txt: ./txt/cord-333595-9erjf8rk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333595-9erjf8rk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-008-9150-1
doi: 10.1007/s10676-008-9150-1
summary:
  title: The benevolent health worm: comparing Western human rights-based ethics and Confucian duty-based moral philosophy Ethical issues are examined first in a general fashion and then in a specific manner which uses the duty-based moral philosophy of Confucianism and a Western human rights-based analysis. 1 The use of a controversial technology such as a computer worm to disseminate uncensored, sanctioned public health information in China presents contentious ethical issues worth examining. 2 The use of Western rights-based theories (human rights) alongside the Eastern duty-based theory of Confucian moral philosophy provides an interesting platform for an ethical analysis of the benevolent health worm. The author will suggest how human rights and Confucian moral philosophy may be used to better understand the ethical issues presented with the use of the benevolent health worm.

title:
  The benevolent health worm: comparing Western human rights-based ethics and Confucian duty-based moral philosophy

abstract:
  Censorship in the area of public health has become increasingly important in many parts of the world for a number of reasons. Groups with vested interest in public health policy are motivated to censor material. As governments, corporations, and organizations champion competing visions of public health issues, the more incentive there may be to censor. This is true in a number of circumstances: curtailing access to information regarding the health and welfare of soldiers in the Kuwait and Iraq wars, poor health conditions in Aboriginal communities, downplaying epidemics to bolster economies, and so forth. This paper will look at the use of a computer worm (the benevolent health worm) to disseminate vital information in␣situations where public health is threatened by government censorship and where there is great risk for those who ‹speak out’. The discussion of the benevolent health worm is focused on the Peoples’ Republic of China (China) drawing on three public health crises: HIV/AIDS, SARS and Avian Influenza. Ethical issues are examined first in a general fashion and then in a specific manner which uses the duty-based moral philosophy of Confucianism and a Western human rights-based analysis. Technical, political and legal issues will also be examined to the extent that they better inform the ethical debate.


id: cord-334401-i5dz7ufc
title: Pandemics and social stigma: Who''s next? Italy''s experience with COVID-19
author: Adja, K.Y.C.
date: 2020-06-04
txt: ./txt/cord-334401-i5dz7ufc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-334401-i5dz7ufc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.054
doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.054
abstract: nan
summary:
  Italians were taking no precautions at that time and this worried the Chinese community who knew how serious the situation was and that it was fundamental to adopt non-pharmaceutical public health measures to mitigate the risk of COVID-19. Public Health 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 The behavior of the Chinese community may have played an important role in avoiding the spread of the virus, and had their conduct been taken as an example from the start, nobody knows what the history of the pandemic could have been.


id: cord-336753-4212ftlc
title: Analysis on herbal medicines utilized for treatment of COVID-19
author: Luo, Lu
date: 2020-05-27
txt: ./txt/cord-336753-4212ftlc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-336753-4212ftlc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221138352030589X?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.05.007
summary:
  As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a substantial global public health threat, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was used in 91.50% of the COVID-19 cases in China, showing encouraging results in improving symptom management and reducing the deterioration, mortality, and recurrence rates. While COVID-19 is now being effectively controlled within China, it is increasingly affecting other countries worldwide, most notably the U.S., Iran, and Italy since Feb 25, 2020 1 3 With a long history of combating epidemic diseases with relatively low mortality, TCM has accumulated a rich antiviral herb knowledgebase from clinical observation and pharmacological selection. There are mutual groupings within these core combinations of herbal pairs and chemical components, thus supporting that the herbs and formulae containing these properties may act as potential candidates for COVID-19 treatment ( Fig. 4B and Table S6 .2). A report on the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine 19 on empidemic encephalitis B-summary of TCM treatment group in 1956

abstract:
  As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a substantial global public health threat, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was used in 91.50% of the COVID-19 cases in China, showing encouraging results in improving symptom management and reducing the deterioration, mortality, and recurrence rates. A total of 166 modified herbal formulae consisting of 179 single herbal medicines were collected for treating COVID-19 in China. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome, Scutellariae Radix, and Armeniacae Semen Amarum are the most frequently utilized in clinics, most of which are antipyretic (47, 26.26%), expectorant and cough-suppressing (22, 12.29%), and dampness-resolving (21, 11.73%) from traditional descriptions. A total of 1212 chemical components containing β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and quercetin were primarily selected. Additionally, using complex system entropy and unsupervised hierarchical clustering, 8 core herbal combinations and 10 new formulae emerged as potentially useful candidates for COVID-19. Finally, following scaffold analysis, self-organizing mapping (SOM) and cluster analysis, 12 clusters of molecules yielded 8 pharmacophore families of structures that were further screened as pharmacological targets in human metabolic pathways for inhibiting coronavirus. This article aims to make more easily accessible and share historical herbal knowledge used in contemporary treatments in a modern manner to assist researchers contain the global spread of COVID-19.


id: cord-336794-ok6j19kf
author: Lu, Meiqi
date: 2020-06-19
txt: ./txt/cord-336794-ok6j19kf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-336794-ok6j19kf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000020706
doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000020706
summary:
  title: Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19 will be provided to clinicians. [20] Therefore, it is necessary for us to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19 based on the existing evidence. This work aims to evaluate the current evidence for the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in treating COVID-19, and provide reliable evidence-based medical evidence for the clinical treatment of COVID-19. This study will systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19 based on available evidence.

title:
  Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide epidemic since its discovery. The outbreak of virus infection has aroused great concern of the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 is highly infectious and has a high infection rate. So far, no specific drug has been found to cure it. China as one of the first countries attacked by epidemic has shown outstanding in fighting against the COVID-19. The contribution of traditional Chinese medicine can not be ignored. As a kind of representative of traditional Chinese medicine, the Chinese patent medicine injection has significant effect in reducing the clinical symptoms of patients and preventing the deterioration of the disease. However, there is no systematic review of its efficacy and safety. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19. METHODS: All randomized controlled trials of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19 will be included. The following electronic databases will be searched: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature database and some clinical trial registration websites. Two researchers will independently screen titles, abstracts, full texts, and extract data, then assess the bias risk of each study. We will conduct meta-analyses to assess all the available evidence of the efficacy and safety. RESULTS: Systematic review of current evidence will be provided from the indexes of efficacy and safety. CONCLUSION: Evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19 will be provided to clinicians. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020182725


id: cord-337546-60xq8dpg
title: Weaponized Interdependence: China''s Economic Statecraft and Social Penetration against Taiwan
author: Chang, Chia-Chien
date: 2020-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-337546-60xq8dpg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-337546-60xq8dpg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32287397/
doi: 10.1016/j.orbis.2020.02.002
abstract: nan
summary:
  Just as great powers did in history, China has been engaging in the "5M" approach of economic statecraft and social penetration against Taiwan: money, manpower exchange, misinformation, mooching (cultivating compradors), and magnifying (propagating the "Chinese Dream"). For example, although the data shows that in recent years Taiwan''s economic situation has been relatively stable, compared with most of the countries in the region, as well as globally, still a substantial portion of Taiwanese population think that the ruling party Democratic Progressive Party (DDP) and incumbent president Tsai Ing-wen did not handle the economy or cross-Strait relations well. 38 China has launched its social penetration operations through those channels, and two are most influential: religious networks established by local temples and quasiillegal organizations, and various "cross-Strait exchange groups." Traditionally, China used to manipulate these two channels to penetrate the whole Taiwanese society, including both the younger generation and the grassroots.


id: cord-338901-1kzy7rts
title: Overview of therapeutic drug research for COVID-19 in China
author: Li, Heng
date: 2020-06-17
txt: ./txt/cord-338901-1kzy7rts.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-338901-1kzy7rts.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-020-0438-y
doi: 10.1038/s41401-020-0438-y
summary:
  According to the information that we have collected so far, this article provides an overview of potential therapeutic drugs and compounds with much attention, including favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, which have been reported with good clinical treatment effects. In these 155 pooled clinical trials, a number of approved chemical and biomacromolecule drugs have been used in COVID-19 treatment clinical trials for drug repurposing, most of which are nucleotide analogs and protease inhibitors against other viral pathogens, including influenza virus, HIV and HCV. In vitro studies have shown that lopinavir/ritonavir can inhibit the replication of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV and exert antiviral effects [22] [23] [24] [25] . In the latest "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia", it is recommended to use ribavirin at a dose of 500 mg each time for adults and in combination with interferon or lopinavir/ritonavir, with 2-3 intravenous infusions daily. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

abstract:
  Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in December 2019, more than 2,500,000 people worldwide have been diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 as of April 22. In response to this epidemic, China has issued seven trial versions of diagnosis and treatment protocol for COVID-19. According to the information that we have collected so far, this article provides an overview of potential therapeutic drugs and compounds with much attention, including favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, which have been reported with good clinical treatment effects. Moreover, with further understanding of SARS-CoV-2 virus, new drugs targeting specific SARS-CoV-2 viral components arise and investigations on these novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents are also reviewed.


id: cord-339864-rv5zw972
title: Non-evidenced based treatment: An unintended cause of morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19
author: Reihani, Hamidreza
date: 2020-05-06
txt: ./txt/cord-339864-rv5zw972.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-339864-rv5zw972.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S073567572030317X
doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.001
abstract: nan
summary:
  In Iran, social media accounts circulated false stories of curing COVID-19 by drinking high-proof alcohol, poisoning over 2,000 people due to the inadvertent consumption of methanol with bleach to hide its color [5] . In Madagascar, President Andry Rojoelina launched an herbal coronavirus "cure" produced from the artemisia plant, yet the WHO stated that the tonic is not evidence-based and is potentially toxic [9] . These herbal formulas contain a combination of many herbs and the exact proprietary mixture is not available, posing a major health risk to patients due to their potential toxicity, contamination, or adulteration [10] . The implications of medicating with herbal-based formulas is serious and dangerous because there is no scientific evidence suggesting that these alternative remedies can prevent or cure COVID-19. The spread of nonevidence-based COVID-19 treatments or cures will undoubtedly worsen the magnitude of the pandemic.


id: cord-340119-af8i359n
author: Wang, Shi-xin
date: 2020-04-15
txt: ./txt/cord-340119-af8i359n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-340119-af8i359n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095496420300376?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.04.001
summary:
  Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is capable of performing syndrome differentiation and treatment according to the clinical manifestations of patients, and has a better ability of epidemic prevention and control. TCM characteristics, prevention and treatment of pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Hunan Province from the perspective of dampness, toxin and dryness Notice of Beijing Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine on issuing the prevention and treatment plan for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Beijing (trial second edition) Notice of Municipal Health Commission on issuing traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment plan for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Tianjin (for trial implementation) Notice on issuing the prevention and treatment plan of traditional Chinese medicine for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Gansu Province (trial second edition) Notice on issuing the diagnosis and treatment plan of traditional Chinese medicine for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Hunan Province (trial second edition)

title:
  Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine

abstract:
  Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) in December 2019, it has rapidly spread to 187 countries, causing serious harm to the health of people and a huge social burden. However, currently, drugs specifically approved for clinical use are not available, except for vaccines against COVID-19 that are being evaluated. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is capable of performing syndrome differentiation and treatment according to the clinical manifestations of patients, and has a better ability of epidemic prevention and control. The authors comprehensively analyzed the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19 based on the theory of TCM, and discussed its syndrome differentiation, treatment and prevention measures so as to provide strategies and reference for the prevention and treatment with TCM.


id: cord-340995-t1zu7uqa
author: Jiang, Sida
date: 2020-06-02
txt: ./txt/cord-340995-t1zu7uqa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-340995-t1zu7uqa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32502638/
doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104989
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Databases for facilitating mechanistic investigations of traditional Chinese medicines against COVID-19 As part of the efforts for probing these questions, the possible mechanisms of these traditional Chinese medicines have been studied based on the experimental and predicted targets of the chemical ingredients, which have been derived from the liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry [4] and obtained from literature surveys [5, 6] . These studies have shown that the knowledge of the chemical ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicines are highly useful for COVID-19 investigations. The mechanisms of the traditional Chinese medicines are multifaceted in general and for the treatment of COVID-19 in particular [1, 2, 5, 6] . Therefore, more comprehensive investigations are needed for understanding the mechanisms of these traditional Chinese medicines, and for unveiling their benefits and adverse effects. A key step towards such investigations is to obtain the chemical ingredients of these traditional Chinese medicines, particularly the molecular structures and activities.

title:
  Databases for facilitating mechanistic investigations of traditional Chinese medicines against COVID-19


id: cord-341436-apcueljv
title: Mental health care for international Chinese students affected by the COVID-19 outbreak
author: Zhai, Yusen
date: 2020-03-19
txt: ./txt/cord-341436-apcueljv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-341436-apcueljv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30089-4
doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30089-4
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Mental health care for international Chinese students affected by the COVID-19 outbreak 2 Hence, we urgently need to address the mental health needs of international Chinese students. Although these universities provide counselling services, such centres are often understaffed, and long waiting times might aggravate students'' mental health problems. Mental health care for international Chinese students requires improvement. First, a walkin triage system can assist university counselling centres in differentiating urgent and routine problems; 3 meanwhile, the triage coordinator needs to be aware of international Chinese students'' specific mental health concerns involving COVID-19. 4 Free counselling services in training clinics can also ease anxiety among international Chinese students experiencing distress. Education is also needed to inform the public about the facts of COVID-19 to protect international Chinese students from hate crimes. 5 Thus, building institutional and societal awareness of international Chinese students'' needs for mental health care can be the lynchpin of supporting them.


id: cord-342852-8wlqbwdi
author: Chen, Jie
date: 2020-09-10
txt: ./txt/cord-342852-8wlqbwdi.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-342852-8wlqbwdi.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32914298/
doi: 10.1007/s00127-020-01954-1
summary:
  The increased workload, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, having family member needs to be taken care of, negative coping style, and job burnout were the independent risk factors of anxiety. Furthermore, the increased workload, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, negative coping style, and job burnout were the independent risk factors of depression. Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression of healthcare workers during COVID-19 epidemic and to identify associated risk factors. We found that self-rated increase in workload, having respiratory symptoms, having digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, negative coping style, and job burnout were independent risk factors for both anxiety and depression. Multiple factors, including having respiratory or digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, self-reported increase in work intensity, negative coping style, and job burnout, participate in the anxiety or depression of healthcare workers.

title:
  Risk factors for depression and anxiety in healthcare workers deployed during the COVID-19 outbreak in China

abstract:
  PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the status of depression and anxiety of healthcare workers and to explore the risk factors during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed using convenience sampling to obtain a sample of healthcare workers. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the information of the basic characteristics, workload, and the health condition. Burnout, coping style, anxiety, and depression were measured by specific scales. Multiple logistic regression model was performed to explore the risk factors of anxiety or depression. RESULTS: There were 902 questionnaires received between February 9, 2020 and February 11, 2020. The proportion of healthcare workers with symptoms of moderate/severe anxiety and moderate/severe depression were 16.63% and 18.29%, respectively. There were 24.50% healthcare workers experiencing moderate/severe anxiety and depression at the same time. The increased workload, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, having family member needs to be taken care of, negative coping style, and job burnout were the independent risk factors of anxiety. Furthermore, the increased workload, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, negative coping style, and job burnout were the independent risk factors of depression. CONCLUSION: More attention should be paid to the mental health of frontline healthcare workers at the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Taking steps to reduce the intensity of the work and burnout will be effective to stabilize the mental state of them. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00127-020-01954-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-343163-khnyx9qu
title: Defining and quantifying China''s ocean economy
author: Zhao, Rui
date: 2013-06-21
txt: ./txt/cord-343163-khnyx9qu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-343163-khnyx9qu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2013.05.008
doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.05.008
summary:
  Given the series of national strategies related to the development of the ocean economy reviewed above, it becomes very important to provide all marine policy makers, planners and decision makers with accessible and reliable information regarding the role of the ocean industries in local and 1 This is a larger estimate of the value of the ocean economy than presented in this paper for 2008 as this paper has examined only the data on the 12 major ocean industries in China whereas the figure of 9.87 includes ocean related industries (those enterprises that form a technical and economic link with the major marine industries) as well. The methodology followed by the Chinese National Marine Data and Information Service to quantify the size and composition of the ocean economy is very similar to the methodology employed by the US National Oceans Economic Program (NOEP) as well as methodologies followed by other coastal countries that have analyzed their respective ocean economies, such as Canada, Australia and Ireland [19] [20] [21] [22] .

abstract:
  In recent years, the Chinese government has been increasingly supportive of the development of the ocean economy, implementing several national ocean-related strategies. For the first time, China's 12th five-year Plan for National and Social Development (2011—2015) includes “developing the ocean economy” as a key national development strategy for the country. Because of this, the demand for ocean economic statistics and indicators is growing rapidly. The aim of this paper is to define and quantify the value of the major ocean industries in China and to examine the growth in the major Chinese ocean industries in the period 2001 to 2010. The paper also outlines a methodology that provides a robust quantification of the marine sector over time. It finds that in 2010 the major ocean industries in China contributed $239.09 billion to the national economy and employed over 9 million individuals.


id: cord-348486-3ji6nwer
author: Turcios-Casco, Manfredo A.
date: 2020-09-19
txt: ./txt/cord-348486-3ji6nwer.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-348486-3ji6nwer.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-02053-y
doi: 10.1007/s10531-020-02053-y
summary:
  We propose four actions that should be taken into account to protect and conserve wildlife in this pandemic era: wildlife "wet" markets must close; human interference with wildlife must be reduced; bats and pangolins must be conserved and not blamed; and Chinese traditional medicine must be more controlled. Although some authors have suggested that the origin of this new coronavirus could be a Chinese lab (Xiao and Xiao 2020) , new evidence has focused on the recombination of SARS-CoV-2 by a potential spillover from bats to Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica), that have a weak immune system and can be easily attacked by new pathogens (Cazzolla Gatti 2020a). Then, pangolins are sold in Chinese wet markets like the one in Wuhan because, with thousands of other critically endangered animals and plants, they are thought to be essential elements of traditional Chinese medicine (Cazzolla Gatti 2020a).

title:
  Do not blame bats and pangolins! Global consequences for wildlife conservation after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

abstract:
  This pandemic situation requests a correct understanding of our impacts on wildlife conservation, which would also provide benefits for our species. In this commentary we revised and discussed some of the repercussions that SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may have to wildlife. We propose four actions that should be taken into account to protect and conserve wildlife in this pandemic era: wildlife “wet” markets must close; human interference with wildlife must be reduced; bats and pangolins must be conserved and not blamed; and Chinese traditional medicine must be more controlled.


id: cord-350057-2rac6nql
title: In focus: molecular and cell biology research in China
author: Yao, Xuebiao
date: 2013-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-350057-2rac6nql.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-350057-2rac6nql.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3638
doi: 10.1038/nrm3638
summary:
  The CSCB has played an increasingly important part in advancing MCB research in China by organizing biennial national meetings, sponsoring special conferences and workshops on selective topic s and advocating the need for initiating specific research and funding programmes for emerging scientific areas. This Essay highlights the current organization of MCB research programmes in China, funding opportunities and application procedures, career development initiatives for Chinese scientists returning from abroad and for foreign scholars, as well as the opportunities for scientific collaborations. The creatio n of androgenetic haploid embryonic stem (AG-haES) cells and their application in the generation of genetically modified mice 21, 22 , as well as the functional delineation of cellular plasticity and homeostasis regulators based on structural insights, has also been achieved by MCB researchers in China [23] [24] [25] .

abstract:
  An interactive, intellectual environment with good funding opportunities is essential for the development and success of basic research. The fast-growing economy and investment in science, together with a visionary plan, have attracted foreign scholars to work in China, motivated world-class Chinese scientists to return and strengthened the country's international collaborations. As a result, molecular and cell biology research in China has evolved rapidly over the past decade. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nrm3638) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-350443-ca5avyjf
author: Zhang, Lei
date: 2012-02-16
txt: ./txt/cord-350443-ca5avyjf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-350443-ca5avyjf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031076
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031076
summary:
  This study reviews trends in notifiable infectious diseases in China, in their historical context, discusses the current epidemiological state of these infections and their implications for disease surveillance and public health interventions. The total number of diagnosed and death cases were estimated by multiplying morbidity and mortality rates by the overall Chinese population in the study years. In 2008, the three most frequently reported disease types included viral hepatitis (38.3%), bacterial infections (33.3%) and STIs and HIV (9.8%), which account for 5.4, 4.8 and 1.4 million diagnosed cases respectively during the period 2005-2008 (Table 1) . Second, the rapid rise in the number of notified cases of STIs, especially HIV infection, and viral hepatitis in China is associated with growth of the sex industry, increasingly frequent risky sexual behaviours and an increasing number of sexual partners in the general Chinese population.

title:
  Trends in Notifiable Infectious Diseases in China: Implications for Surveillance and Population Health Policy

abstract:
  This study aimed to analyse trends in notifiable infectious diseases in China, in their historical context. Both English and Chinese literature was searched and diseases were categorised according to the type of disease or transmission route. Temporal trends of morbidity and mortality rates were calculated for eight major infectious diseases types. Strong government commitment to public health responses and improvements in quality of life has led to the eradication or containment of a wide range of infectious diseases in China. The overall infectious diseases burden experienced a dramatic drop during 1975–1995, but since then, it reverted and maintained a gradual upward trend to date. Most notifiable diseases are contained at a low endemic level; however, local small-scale outbreaks remain common. Tuberculosis, as a bacterial infection, has re-emerged since the 1990s and has become prevalent in the country. Sexually transmitted infections are in a rapid, exponential growth phase, spreading from core groups to the general population. Together human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), they account for 39% of all death cases due to infectious diseases in China in 2008. Zoonotic infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), rabies and influenza, pose constant threats to Chinese residents and remain the most deadly disease type among the infected individuals. Therefore, second-generation surveillance of behavioural risks or vectors associated with pathogen transmission should be scaled up. It is necessary to implement public health interventions that target HIV and relevant coinfections, address transmission associated with highly mobile populations, and reduce the risk of cross-species transmission of zoonotic pathogens.


id: cord-353185-aapg75af
title: The value of China-Africa health development initiatives in strengthening “One Health” strategy
author: Tambo, Ernest
date: 2019-09-24
txt: ./txt/cord-353185-aapg75af.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-353185-aapg75af.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2414644719300624
doi: 10.1016/s2414-6447(19)30062-4
summary:
  Building the value of China-Africa "One Health" strategy partnerships, frameworks and capacity development and implementation through leveraging on current and innovative China-Africa health initiatives, but also, mobilizing efforts on climatic changes and disasters mitigation and lifestyle adaptations strategies against emerging and current infectious diseases threats are essential to establish epidemic surveillance-response system under the concept of global collaborative coordination and lasting financing mechanisms. Africa CDC focus on strategic priority areas and innovative programs aiming at improving evidence-based decision making and practice in event-based capacity development for surveillance, disease prediction, and improved functional clinical and public health laboratory networks and actions in minimizing health inequalities, and promoting quality care delivery, public health emergency preparedness and response best practices in achieving regional [1, 4, 10] .

abstract:
  Implementing national to community-based “One Health” strategy for human, animal and environmental challenges and migrating-led consequences offer great opportunities, and its value of sustained development and wellbeing is an imperative. “One Health” strategy in policy commitment, partnership and financial investment are much needed in advocacy, contextual health human-animal and environmental development. Therefore, appropriate and evidence-based handling and management strategies in moving forward universal health coverage and sustainable development goals (SDGs) are essential components to the China-Africa health development initiatives. It is necessary to understand how to strengthen robust and sustainable “One Health” approach implementation in national and regional public health and disaster risk reduction programs. Understanding the foundation of “One Health” strategy in China-Africa public health cooperation is crucial in fostering health systems preparedness and smart response against emerging and re-emerging threats and epidemics. Building the value of China-Africa “One Health” strategy partnerships, frameworks and capacity development and implementation through leveraging on current and innovative China-Africa health initiatives, but also, mobilizing efforts on climatic changes and disasters mitigation and lifestyle adaptations strategies against emerging and current infectious diseases threats are essential to establish epidemic surveillance-response system under the concept of global collaborative coordination and lasting financing mechanisms. Further strengthen local infrastructure and workforce capacity, participatory accountability and transparency on “One Health” approach will benefit to set up infectious diseases of poverty projects, and effective monitoring and evaluation systems in achieving African Union 2063 Agenda and SDGs targets both in Africa and China.


id: cord-353427-m7xwsqdk
author: Cheng, Peng
date: 2020-08-23
txt: ./txt/cord-353427-m7xwsqdk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-353427-m7xwsqdk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.038
doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.038
summary:
  title: Psychometric Property Study of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) in Chinese Healthcare Workers during the Outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 BACKGROUND: Previous studies about the reliability and validity of the updated PCL version for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (PCL-5) have only been evaluated in certain samples of the population, which lacks in the sample of Healthcare Workers. While there are many other instruments studied and being used in different settings, this article focuses on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the presence and severity of PTSD symptoms (Weathers FW et al., 2013 number of core symptoms, it appears to be effective and reliable, and performs as well yields similar results as longer and more complex measurements (Brewin, 2005) .

title:
  Psychometric Property Study of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) in Chinese Healthcare Workers during the Outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Previous studies about the reliability and validity of the updated PCL version for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (PCL-5) have only been evaluated in certain samples of the population, which lacks in the sample of Healthcare Workers. Our study focused on the factor structure, reliability and validity of the PCL-5 among Chinese Healthcare Workers during the Outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019. METHODS: We conducted an online survey of frontline healthcare workers using the PCL-5 for PTSD. Total of 212 frontline healthcare providers were included in this study. RESULTS: The findings showed that PCL-5 is a reliable instrument in our sample. The total and subscale scores showed good internal consistency. The convergent and discriminant validity of the PCL-5 were also well demonstrated. Our result showed a better fit with the seven-factor hybrid model compared with other models and supported that the PCL-5 Chinese version can be used as a reliable screening tool to conduct psychological screening for Chinese healthcare workers. LIMITATION: We could not examine other aspects of reliability and validity like test-retest reliability or criterion validity. We didn't use the gold-standard structured interview for PTSD in our study. Besides, most of our samples were young people who had access to the internet. Not all professional levels and seniorities were presented because our sample had a lower mean income and educational level. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the Chinese PCL-5 has good validity and reliability in frontline healthcare workers during the outbreak.


id: cord-353866-0r1b44id
title: Changes of Adult Population Health Status in China from 2003 to 2008
author: Sun, Hongpeng
date: 2011-12-02
txt: ./txt/cord-353866-0r1b44id.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-353866-0r1b44id.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22164286/
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028411
summary:
  Stratified analyses revealed significant subpopulation disparities in rate ratios for 2008/2003 in the presence of chronic disease, with greater increases among women, elderly, the Han nationality, unmarried and widow, illiterate, rural, and regions east of China than other groups. This study aimed to describe the male and female adult Chinese population health status in multiple dimensions, including overall morbidity, presence of illness in the last 2 weeks and chronic disease in the last 6 months, and healthy behavior as regards smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity, using data from the most recent National Health Services Surveys by the Chinese government in 2003 and 2008. However, overall Chinese adult population health status has not been improved due to short time and small proportion of residents performing frequent exercise; hence it seems that the prevalence and burden of chronic diseases will continue to grow.

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the change in health status of China's adult population between the years of 2003 and 2008 due to rapid economic growth and medical system improvement. METHODS: Data from the third and fourth Chinese national health services surveys covering 141,927 residents in 2003 and 136,371 residents in 2008 who were aged >18 years were analyzed. RESULTS: Chinese respondents in 2008 were more likely to report disease than in 2003. Smoking slightly decreased among men and women, and regular exercise showed much improvement. Stratified analyses revealed significant subpopulation disparities in rate ratios for 2008/2003 in the presence of chronic disease, with greater increases among women, elderly, the Han nationality, unmarried and widow, illiterate, rural, and regions east of China than other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese adults in 2008 had worse health status than in 2003 in terms of presence of chronic disease. China's reform of health care will face more complex challenges in coming years from the deteriorating health status in Chinese adults.


id: cord-355120-fg8iqhxq
author: Gong, Linna
date: 2020-08-23
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32846192/
doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113264
summary:
  ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Herba Patriniae has been used for thousands of years in China as a traditional Chinese medicine with heat-clearing and detoxicating effects. CONCLUSION: Herba Patriniae has displayed a significant medicinal value in clinic, but the differences in phytochemistry, pharmacological effects and the content of compounds have been found between two official recorded species. Traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating 999 gynecological tubal blockage and preparation method thereof Traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating horse 1082 sinus abscess and preparation method thereof Traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating tail 1084 preparation method thereof Traditional Chinese medicine 1274 composition for treating lung cancer with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome and 1275 preparation method thereof Traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating 1325 dysmenorrhea and preparation method thereof Traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating breast diseases and 1360 preparation method thereof Application of Herba Patriniae and traditional Chinese medicine 1489 composition for treating pig blue ear disease

title:
  The Herba Patriniae (Caprifoliaceae): A Review on Traditional uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Quality Control

abstract:
  ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Herba Patriniae has been used for thousands of years in China as a traditional Chinese medicine with heat-clearing and detoxicating effects. It is applied widly for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, diarrhea, acute hepatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and ulcerative colitis in clinic. Two species, namely Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. (PS) and Patrinia villosa Juss. (PV) from the Caprifoliaceae family, are considered as Herba Patriniae in the pharmaceutical industry. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This paper aims to comprehensively outline the traditional uses, botanical description, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, quality control, pharmacokinetics and patents of Herba Patriniae, and elaborate the same/different characteristics between PS and PV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Detailed information of Herba Patriniae was collected from various online databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Google Schola, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, National Intellectual Property Administration, PRC National Medical Products Administration), and those published resources (M.Sc. Thesis and books). RESULTS: A total of 233 compounds have been identified in Herba Patriniae, including triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, organic acids, iridoids, and volatiles. A very distinct difference was observed, that PS is rich in triterpenoid saponins and volatiles, while PV contains more flavonoids. Two source species of Herba Patriniae gave similar pharmacological effects on anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, sedative and hypnotic effects. But there were no reports were on antipruritic, proangiogenic and anti-diarrheal effects for PS, and no studies on anti-diabetic effects for PV. Generally, Herba Patriniae showed non-toxic in the clinical dose, but mild side effects, such as temporary leukopenia, dizziness and nausea, could be found when large and excessive dosage is used. A variety of compounds have been quantified for the quality control of PS and PV. The variety, growth environment, growth time, and harvest time not only affected the contents but also the pharmacological activities of the bioactive compounds. In the past year, patents for compositions containing PV and PS have been filed, mainly involving human health, hygiene, agriculture, and animal husbandry. Unfortunately, the research on pharmacokinetics is insufficient. Only the prototype components and metabolites were repored after intragastric administration of total flavonoids extract from PV in rats. CONCLUSION: Herba Patriniae has displayed a significant medicinal value in clinic, but the differences in phytochemistry, pharmacological effects and the content of compounds have been found between two official recorded species. About side effects and pharmacokinetic characteristics, the differeces between two species have not been well studied. For a better clinical use of Herba Patriniae, it is urgent to establish systematic pharmacology, quality control, pharmacokinetics, and clinical researches on the same/different characteristics between PS and PV.


