# pos

id: cord-293365-z1h788sc
pos: :
token:
  http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/migration-and-health/migrant-health-in-the-european-region/migration-and-health-key-issues#292932

lemma:
  http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/migration-and-health/migrant-health-in-the-european-region/migration-and-health-key-issues#292932


id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
pos: VB
token:
  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/catastrophe-sweden-coronavirusstoicism-lockdown-europe

lemma:
  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/catastrophe-sweden-coronavirusstoicism-lockdown-europe


id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
pos: ADD
token:
  https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/northern-ireland-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-a4373751.html

lemma:
  https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/northern-ireland-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-a4373751.html


id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/03/27/class-and-covid-how-theless-affluent-face-double-risks/

lemma:
  https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/03/27/class-and-covid-how-theless-affluent-face-double-risks/


id: cord-326785-le2t1l8g
pos: NN
token:
  dnotaffecttheprevalenceofthethreepnenotypesbutincreasedthefrequencyofmPASposltlvecryptsinanegativebackground(t6

lemma:
  dnotaffecttheprevalenceofthethreepnenotypesbutincreasedthefrequencyofmpasposltlvecryptsinanegativebackground(t6


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id: cord-030279-pv770doe
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  the Consequences for Your Health and Our Medical Future Taking Life Private Rights in Public Nature Benefits


id: cord-030279-pv770doe
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  the Wellcome Trust Project Building Sustainable Capacity in Dual Use Bioethics Secret Project Manufactured Mock Anthrax


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  European ETS 32 Sachs et al 2020 The Sustainable Development Goals and Covid 19 Sustainable Development Report 2020 Cambridge Cambridge University Press 33 1 education gender


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  Special Report Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation IPCC 2012


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  Regime Shifts Resilience and Biodiversity in Ecosystem Management Thresholds in Ecological and Social Ecological Systems a Developing Database


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  The Public as Thermostat Dynamics of Preferences for Spending Degrees of Democracy Politics Public Opinion and Policy Agendas


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  Aleppo Methodology for Environment and Agent Development to Model Population Displacement Contingency


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  the Subcommittee on Global Change Research Preliminary Review of Adaptation Options for Climate Sensitive Ecosystems


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  parasite declines and the dilution effect the hypothesis that biodiversity generally reduces wildlife and human diseases


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  About Them The Haves and the Have nots A Brief and Idiosyncratic History of Global Inequality Global


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  Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change Triggering


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  Cronbach s alpha 0 77 Scores range between 12 and 60 with higher scores indicating higher introversion and lower scores indicating lower introversion i e


id: cord-301745-cuatqy1u
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  the Association Between Introversion and the Psychological Impact of COVID19 Related Circumstantial Changes date


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  Switzerland Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Active Australia Survey A Guide and Manual for Implementation Analysis


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  PRC China Health Statistical Yearbook Peking Union Medical College Press Beijing National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC Does


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  the PRC China Health Statistical Yearbook Peking Union Medical College Press Beijing National Health and Family Planning Commission


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  anti inflammatory biomarkers e g C reactive protein Interleukins 3 6 8 and 10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor


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  Research The Rationale and Foundations of Group Psychotherapy for Women with Metastatic Breast Cancer How Do Small Groups Promote


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  the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy General FACT G for Monitoring Symptoms and Concerns in Oncology Practice and Research An Ultra Brief Screening Scale for Anxiety and Depression


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  a Pan European Poject Health Policy Reform Governance and Law Interventions Designed to Increase Adult Fruit


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  Student Voices Envisioning the Future of Health Sciences Education Across Different Healthcare Professions


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id: cord-326785-le2t1l8g
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  J Qulnn N A Athanasau Nufield Depanment of Paihology and Bactenotogy Level 4 John RadcOffe Hospital Oxford


id: cord-326785-le2t1l8g
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entity:
  cell adhesion molecules ICAM t interCeIIUlar adhesion molecule 1 ELAM t lendothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule t


id: cord-326785-le2t1l8g
type: GGP
entity:
  Cand37 C werenegativeforAcPaswerealltissuesfixedinethana1 lnformalcalciumfixedtissueand formic acidlsodium citrate


id: cord-326785-le2t1l8g
type: GGP
entity:
  eXtinCliOn 01 cla s cal diagnostic surgical pathology but so far the reports of the death of our specialty have been grossly exaggerated Indeed the newtechnologies of the 1990sare seenas aids torathet


id: cord-326785-le2t1l8g
type: ORG
entity:
  Usingthistechniqueitisnowpossibletocombinehighresoiutioniightmicroscopywithaprecise immunocytochemicai


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  The Injurious Effects of Elevated or Nonelevated Respiratory Rate during Mechanical Ventilation Mechanism


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type: ORG
entity:
  The Navy Eyes Replacing Its Hospital Ships With A Fleet of Smaller Medical Vessels Megacities and Large Urban Agglomerations


id: cord-353827-o3vm1vdh
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  American Community Survey n d the National Center for Charitable Statistics National Center for Charitable Statistics n


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entity:
  All Organizations Are Public Bridging Public and Private Organizational Theories Indicators for the dynamics of research


id: cord-332313-9m2iozj3
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Impact of the Crisis on Research and Innovation Policies in European Commission DG Research Reinventing


id: cord-355130-a2jc1g0i
type: ORG
entity:
  the Anthropocene Stewarding Sustainability Transformations An Emerging Theory and Practice of SDG Implementation Ecocentric


id: cord-345662-vm5btiue
type: GGP
entity:
  Soc Sci DOI 10 1016 j erss 2020 101784 sha 2cfad9dd67889ed702326cbf98d2e3575c0051a8 doc_id 345662 cord_uid vm5btiue Existing socio technical systems tend


id: cord-355327-d3gcfepx
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  Clostridium acetobutylicum thymidine kinase 1 1xx6 E coli aspartate transcarbamylase 2 1r0b 3 1tug Thermotoga maritima


id: cord-355327-d3gcfepx
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase GEF guanine nucleotide exchange factor GGA1 golgi localized c adaptin Grp1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor


id: cord-355327-d3gcfepx
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  integrin binding protein homolog grp1 Grx glutathione reductase PCBP2 poly C binding protein 2 pHsam domain


id: cord-355327-d3gcfepx
type: SO
entity:
  domain PNMT phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase RuBisCoL ribulose 1 5 bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase


id: cord-355327-d3gcfepx
type: GGP
entity:
  SAM S adenosyl L methionine VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor Ae Aeropyrum pernix Af Archaeoglobus fulgidus BPV bovine papilloma virus Cr Crithidia fasciculata Dm Drosophila


id: cord-004584-bcw90f5b
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  G361 tumour cell lines Binder S Kolarova H Bajgar R Tomankova K Daskova A Deparment of Medical Biophysics Faculty of Medicine


id: cord-004584-bcw90f5b
type: DNA
entity:
  double helix Pietro Parisse 1 Matteo Castronovo 2 Bojana Lucic 3 Alessandro Vindigni 3 Giacinto Scoles 2 and Loredana Casalis 1 1 Sincrotrone Trieste S C p A Trieste Italy 2 Temple University Philadelphia USA 3 Protein DNA


id: cord-004584-bcw90f5b
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  voltage gated ion channels Zoltan Nusser Institute of Experimental Medicine Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary Voltage gated Na Nav channels


id: cord-004584-bcw90f5b
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  bacterial light harvesting complexes Katia Duquesne 1 Edward O Reilly 2 Cecile Blanchard 1 Alexandra Olaya Castro 2


id: cord-004584-bcw90f5b
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  helical membrane protein Jana Broecker Sebastian Fiedler Sandro Keller Molecular Biophysics University


id: cord-004584-bcw90f5b
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The diacylglycerolacyltransferase1 DGAT1 is an integral protein from the reticulum endoplasmic membrane that


id: cord-004584-bcw90f5b
type: ORG
entity:
  Department of Medical Physics and Informatics University of Szeged Hungary 2 Department of Experimental Physics University of Szeged Hungary


id: cord-004584-bcw90f5b
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Applied and Environmental Chemistry University of Szeged Hungary 5 Institute of Biophysics HAS Biological Research Center


id: cord-004584-bcw90f5b
type: ORG
entity:
  Ahmet Yildiz Department of Physics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California Berkeley CA


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  villin headpiece miniprotein Stanislaw Oldziej 1 Wioletta _ Zmudzi nska 1 Anna Hałabis 1 1 The C terminal subdomain


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  human glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase G6PD Nurriza Ab Latif 1 2 Paul Engel 1 1 Conway Institute Univerversity College Dublin 2 Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Human glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase G6PD


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  coagulation factor VIIa Jais R Bjelke 1 Gorm Andersen 1 Henrik Østergaard 1 Laust B Johnsen 1 Anette A Pedersen 1 Tina H Glue 1 1


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  enoyl CoA hydratase family Fernandes 1 Teresa Sorbo 2 Ivan Duka 2 Lia Christina Appold 3 Marianne Ilbert 4 Fabian Kiessling 3 CNRS UMR 7281 5 UCiBio REQUIMTE


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: GGP
entity:
  Biryukova 1 Elizaveta Kostanova 1 Alexey Kononikhin 0 Anna Bugrova 1 Evgeny Nikolaev 0 Mark Rosenfeld 1 1 N M


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: ORG
entity:
  School of Chemistry National University of Ireland Galway 2 School of Biochemistry and Immunology Trinity College


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
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id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: EVENT
entity:
  Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University 3 Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University 4 Applied Physics Yale University


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: ORG
entity:
  Department of Biology Stanford University 2 Department of Pediatrics Stanford University 3 Department of Pharmacology University of California San Diego 4 Department of Pediatrics Emory University 5 Institute for Biomedical Sciences


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: ORG
entity:
  Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ibaraki University 3 Department of Life Science Graduate School of Life Science University of Hyogo 4


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: ORG
entity:
  The New York Structural Biology Center 5 Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine University of Montreal


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: ORG
entity:
  University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine 2 Developing a Technique to Detect Deamidated Proteins


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: ORG
entity:
  the Ethical Committee for Animal Experimentation from Center of Health and Science of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: ORG
entity:
  1 National Autonomous University of Mexico Faculty of Medicine 2 National Autonomous University of Mexico Faculty of Chemistry 3


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Deartment of Biology Wilfrid Laurier University 2 Department of Biology University of Waterloo Chloroplast


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: ORG
entity:
  University of Greenwich Faculty of Engineering and Sciene 2 University of Greenwich Centre of Sports Science and Human Performance


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  N terminal recognition element In addition expressed protein ligation is being used to incorporate backbone modifications such as the thioamide


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  N terminal catalytic module 2 This module shows the capacity of recognize the GlcNAc MurNAc L Ala D isoGln muropeptide GMDP


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: DISEASE
entity:
  acute myeloid leukemia mutations Daniela Marasco 1 Concetta Di Natale 1 Valentina Punzo 1 Domenico Riccardi 1 Pasqualina Scognamiglio 1 Roberta Cascella 2 Cristina Cecchi 2 Fabrizio Chiti 2 Marilisa Leone


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
type: DISEASE
entity:
  human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C based on Envelope V3 sequences Available http istree bioprotection org Signal processing based Bioinformatics methods


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 sICAM 1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 sVCAM 1 and E selectin sELAM 1 sICAM 1 sVCAM 1 sELAM 1


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 sICAM 1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 sVCAM 1 and E selecfin sELAM 1


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  PREHOSPITAL RESUSCITATION EFFORTS C K6ppel G Fahron H Lufft A KrUger C Th Jrk F Bertschat F Martens Dept of Nephrology add Medical Intensive Care Virchow Klinikum Humboldt Universit t D 13353 Bedin Germany Obiective The success rate of prehospital resuscitation in patients with cardiocirculatory arrest in an Emergency Medical System EMS


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  T45 T60 T65 T75 A 2 1 0 6 2 1 0 5 2 1 0 4 2 1 0 4 2 1 0 7 2 1 0 7 2 1 0 Conclusion the C slowed V L and V T


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Swan Ganz pulmonary artery catheter Beckton Dickinson U S A Deseret 1000 Cardiac Output Computer Medical Inc U S A


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: DNA
entity:
  ICU C Kotsavassiloglou D Matamis G Dadoudis J Kioumis D Riggos ICU dep G Papanicolaou Gen Hosp Exohl Thessaloniki


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  pI F CACT PI7 r 0 62 CVC samples 132 88 34 22 V femoralis samples 1 28 84 29 24 p value n s n s Conclusion There is no difference in heparin


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Swan Ganz pulmonary catheter PC requiremen t during elective cardiac surgery according to the need of sustained inotropic support after surgery Methods Three hundred patients aged from 27 to 85 89 females and 211 males were consecutively operated on for elective coronary artery bypass surgery CABG n 179 valvular replacement VR n 98 combination of both VR CABG n 15


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: GGP
entity:
  LDH p 0 04 and a more marked hypoalbuminemia p O 03 Mortality was higer in Group A 52 6 than in Group B 29 6 p 0 04 Analysing the A


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: GGP
entity:
  Objectives Activated endothelial cells release soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 sICAM 1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 sVCAM 1


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: GGP
entity:
  fenoterol 0 2 rag For 0 5 h spirometry was repeated Results In resting pulmonary abnormalities observer in the S


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: GGP
entity:
  Propanolol i v RESULTS A significant increase of the aortic diastolic pressures and a significant decrease of the left ventricle telediastolic pressures


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: GGP
entity:
  FIO2 0 4 4 pH 7 45 5 heart rate 20 bm and or 6 non mental alertness and 7 other medical disorders after which adequate weaning therapy was necessary Then successful weaning after 24h was considered 1 spontaneous breathing without any forrn of mechanical assistance 2 stability in haemodynamics and 3 elimination of fever threat Results 122 pts 75 were extubated at 8h without complication 29 other pts 18 at 8h but had to be reintubated because they were hypoxic and began weaning therapy finally they were all re extubated by 48h Only 11 pts 7 proved problematic Conclusion A aesthesia wimhlw options selectkm extubation reintubation and weaning predicted quick times Propofol administration and safe rigid criteria extubation 75 8h and 18 24h exempting pts with developed post operative complications 7 extubation


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: GGP
entity:
  8channel electroencephalograph 4 channel roencephalograph AD converter 16 analog inputs 12 bit resolution 60 k Hz IBM


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: GGP
entity:
  MAP T0 124mmHg T8 118mmHg HR T0 177 T8 201 RAP T0 11mmHg T8 19mmHg PAP T0 26mmHg T8 31mmHg PCWP T0 14mmHg T8 15 mHg SVR T0


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Laterre F Thys E Danse J P Pelgrim E Florence Z Roeseler M S R eynaert Dept of Intensive Care St Luc Univ Hospital Brussels Belgium Therapy


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  A Michalopoulos A Anthi K Rellos J Kriaras S Geroulanos Intensive Care Unit Onassis Cardiac Center Athens


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: ORG
entity:
  Chair of Anaesthesiology Resuccitation and Medicine of Catastrophes Neurology of Ukrainian State Medical


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  CO 133_ 4 vs 144_ 8 p 0 28 and QSt AA 21 5_ 0 8 vs 22 8_ 0 9 p 0 09 The results of regional pertusion


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  xauifosted b 7 the exhaust of Lhe confulaLion nod oessel plateL heuoStasis The consuxptton of cnnpononts tbronbln


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  carbamates 5 8 imidazopyridines 5 1 cyclqpyrrol0nes 2 7 Analgesics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatories represented 6 8 of


# url

id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
domain: www.brookings.edu
url:
  http://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/03/27/class-and-covid-how-theless-affluent-face-double-risks/


# bib

id: cord-000091-1qo1krxv
title: Disease ecology and the global emergence of zoonotic pathogens
author: Wilcox, Bruce A.
date: 2005-09-17
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2723410/
doi: 10.1007/bf02897701
abstract:
  The incidence and frequency of epidemic transmission of zoonotic diseases, both known and newly recognized, has increased dramatically in the past 30 years. It is thought that this dramatic disease emergence is primarily the result of the social, demographic, and environmental transformation that has occurred globally since World War II. However, the causal linkages have not been elucidated. Investigating emerging zoonotic pathogens as an ecological phenomenon can provide significant insights as to why some of these pathogens have jumped species and caused major epidemics in humans. A review of concepts and theory from biological ecology and of causal factors in disease emergence previously described suggests a general model of global zoonotic disease emergence. The model links demographic and societal factors to land use and land cover change whose associated ecological factors help explain disease emergence. The scale and magnitude of these changes are more significant than those associated with climate change, the effects of which are largely not yet understood. Unfortunately, the complex character and non-linear behavior of the human-natural systems in which host-pathogen systems are embedded makes specific incidences of disease emergence or epidemics inherently difficult to predict. Employing a complex systems analytical approach, however, may show how a few key ecological variables and system properties, including the adaptive capacity of institutions, explains the emergence of infectious diseases and how an integrated, multi-level approach to zoonotic disease control can reduce risk.


id: cord-001835-0s7ok4uw
title: Abstracts of the 29th Annual Symposium of The Protein Society
author: nan
date: 2015-10-01
txt: ./txt/cord-001835-0s7ok4uw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-001835-0s7ok4uw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/pro.2823
doi: 10.1002/pro.2823
abstract: nan
summary:
  Altogether, these results indicate that, although PHDs might be more selective for HIF as a substrate as it was initially thought, the enzymatic activity of the prolyl hydroxylases is possibly influenced by a number of other proteins that can directly bind to PHDs. Non-natural aminoacids via the MIO-enzyme toolkit Alina Filip 1 , Judith H Bartha-V ari 1 , Gergely B an oczy 2 , L aszl o Poppe 2 , Csaba Paizs 1 , Florin-Dan Irimie 1 1 Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Group, Department of Chemistry, UBB, 2 Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology An attractive enzymatic route to enantiomerically pure to the highly valuable a-or b-aromatic amino acids involves the use of aromatic ammonia lyases (ALs) and aminomutases (AMs). Continuing our studies of the effect of like-charged residues on protein-folding mechanisms, in this work, we investigated, by means of NMR spectroscopy and molecular-dynamics simulations, two short fragments of the human Pin1 WW domain [hPin1(14-24); hPin1(15-23)] and one single point mutation system derived from hPin1(14-24) in which the original charged residues were replaced with non-polar alanine residues.


id: cord-004584-bcw90f5b
title: Abstracts: 8th EBSA European Biophysics Congress, August 23rd–27th 2011, Budapest, Hungary
author: nan
date: 2011-08-06
txt: ./txt/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7080017/
doi: 10.1007/s00249-011-0734-z
abstract: nan
summary:
  Our goals are two-fold: (1) to monitor conformational changes in each domain upon its binding to specific ligands and then to correlate the observed changes with structural differences between the CRDs and (2) to investigate the interaction between the CRDs and lipid model membranes. Cholesterol-assisted lipid and protein interactions such as the integration into lipid nanodomains are considered to play a functional part in a whole range of membrane-associated processes, but their direct and non-invasive observation in living cells is impeded by the resolution limit of [200nm of a conventional far-field optical microscope. Therefore, to investigate the dynamic and complex membrane lateral organization in living cells, we have developed an original approach based on molecule diffusion measurements performed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy at different spatial scales (spot variable FCS, svFCS) (1).


id: cord-004935-z86x3hnu
title: A classification scheme for agent based approaches to dynamic optimization
author: Baykasoglu, Adil
date: 2012-01-03
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087711/
doi: 10.1007/s10462-011-9307-x
abstract:
  Several papers in the literature employ agent-based modeling approach for providing reasonable solutions to dynamic optimization problems (DOPs). However, these studies employ a variety of agent-based modeling approaches with different strategies and features for different DOPs. On the other hand, there is an absence in the literature of a formal representation of the existing agent-based solution strategies. This paper proposes a representation scheme indicating how the solution strategies with agent-based approach can be summarized in a concise manner. We present these in a tabular form called “Agent Based Dynamic Optimization Problem Solution Strategy” (ABDOPSS). ABDOPSS distinguishes different classes of agent based algorithms (via communication type, cooperation type, dynamism domain and etc.) by specifying the fundamental ingredients of each of these approaches with respect to problem domain (problems with dynamic objective functions, constraints and etc.). This paper also analyzes 18 generic studies in the literature employing agent-based modeling based on ABDOPSS.


id: cord-005049-itkj5o5o
author: Moser, Susanne C.
date: 2015-01-28
txt: ./txt/cord-005049-itkj5o5o.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-005049-itkj5o5o.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088147/
doi: 10.1007/s10584-015-1328-z
summary:
  In the climate change context, such societal teleconnections add a layer of risk that is currently neither fully appreciated in most impacts or vulnerability assessments nor in on-the-ground adaptation planning. This paper introduces a simple but systematic way to conceptualize societal teleconnections and then highlights and explores eight unique but interrelated types of societal teleconnections with selected examples: (1) trade and economic exchange, (2) insurance and reinsurance, (3) energy systems, (4) food systems; (5) human health, (6) population migration, (7) communication, and (8) strategic alliances and military interactions. This example is now widely cited by the private sector and has spurred several Fortune 500 firms to begin to assess supply chain vulnerabilities-one possible societal teleconnection-through the lens of climate change (Gledhill et al. In summary, societal teleconnections are important considerations for locally-based climate change vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning in the public and private sector.

title:
  The long arm of climate change: societal teleconnections and the future of climate change impacts studies

abstract:
  “Societal teleconnections” – analogous to physical teleconnections such as El Niño – are human-created linkages that link activities, trends, and disruptions across large distances, such that locations spatially separated from the locus of an event can experience a variety of impacts from it nevertheless. In the climate change context, such societal teleconnections add a layer of risk that is currently neither fully appreciated in most impacts or vulnerability assessments nor in on-the-ground adaptation planning. Conceptually, societal teleconnections arise from the interactions among actors, and the institutions that guide their actions, affecting the movement of various substances through different structures and processes. Empirically, they arise out of societal interactions, including globalization, to create, amplify, and sometimes attenuate climate change vulnerabilities and impacts in regions far from those where a climatic extreme or change occurs. This paper introduces a simple but systematic way to conceptualize societal teleconnections and then highlights and explores eight unique but interrelated types of societal teleconnections with selected examples: (1) trade and economic exchange, (2) insurance and reinsurance, (3) energy systems, (4) food systems; (5) human health, (6) population migration, (7) communication, and (8) strategic alliances and military interactions. The paper encourages further research to better understand the causal chains behind socially teleconnected impacts, and to identify ways to routinely integrate their consideration in impacts/vulnerability assessment and adaptation planning to limit the risk of costly impacts. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1328-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-005080-r01ii1bu
title: Human Health, Well-Being, and Global Ecological Scenarios
author: Butler, Colin D.
date: 2005-02-22
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088287/
doi: 10.1007/s10021-004-0076-0
abstract:
  This article categorizes four kinds of adverse effects to human health caused by ecosystem change: direct, mediated, modulated, and systems failure. The effects are categorized on their scale, complexity, and lag-time. Some but not all of these can be classified as resulting from reduced ecosystem services. The articles also explores the impacts that different socioeconomic–ecologic scenarios are likely to have on human health and how changes to human health may, in turn, influence the unfolding of four different plausible future scenarios. We provide examples to show that our categorization is a useful taxonomy for understanding the complex relationships between ecosystems and human well-being and for predicting how future ecosystem changes may affect human health.


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
title: 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts
author: nan
date: 1995
txt: ./txt/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095534/
doi: 10.1007/bf02426401
abstract: nan
summary:
  Results: In 5 patients with treated SS, 16 tests were performed (VL n=8; Dobu n=4; NA n=4 Method: Septic shock was defined as severe sepsis with either persistent hypotension (mean arterial pressure; MAP<70 mmHg) or the requirement for a noradrenaline (NA) infusion ~> 0.1 ~g/kg/min with a MAP _< 90mmHg. Cardiovascular support was limited to NA + dobutamine (DB), 546C88 was administered for up to 8 h at a fixed dose-rate of either i, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/h iv. Methods: Fourteen cases were s~udied,their gestational age ranged from(27-32)ws.Continnous positive air way pressure was applied to six cases at Peep level from (3-6)cm H2o through nasal pronge,(group I),the other 8 cases were managed as routine,(group II).Blood gases, TcPO2,TcCo2,resp.rate,depth and pattern were monitored for assessment of tissue Oxygenation and ventilation, Results: Our rasults showed that early application of CPAP improve ventilation among (83.3%)of cases,while (16.7%)of cases need IMV.The cases of group II need IMV among (75%)of the studied cases during the second or the third day of life.


id: cord-011011-jxymy4e4
author: Cuttini, Marina
date: 2020-01-02
txt: ./txt/cord-011011-jxymy4e4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011011-jxymy4e4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223325/
doi: 10.1038/s41390-019-0733-9
summary:
  Six categories of drivers to change were identified: availability of new knowledge or technology; guidelines or regulations from outside the unit; need to standardize practices; participation in research; occurrence of adverse events; and wish to improve care. 13 We carried out a qualitative study with physicians and nurses to explore how clinical or organizational innovations are introduced and implemented in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), a setting characterized by extreme patient fragility, complex technological environment, highly specialized multidisciplinary personnel. (Physician/Germany/39) In one case only the reported research, a randomized clinical trial to identify the lowest baby''s weight for safe transition from incubator to open cot, was designed by the informant and carried out within the unit itself: Nevertheless, when the change involves, as in this case, organizational modifications requiring compliance by the whole team and the parents, implementation can still be challenging:

title:
  What drives change in neonatal intensive care units? A qualitative study with physicians and nurses in six European countries

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Innovation is important to improve patient care, but few studies have explored the factors that initiate change in healthcare organizations. METHODS: As part of the European project EPICE on evidence-based perinatal care, we carried out semi-structured interviews (N = 44) with medical and nursing staff from 11 randomly selected neonatal intensive care units in 6 countries. The interviews focused on the most recent clinical or organizational change in the unit relevant to the care of very preterm infants. Thematic analysis was performed using verbatim transcripts of recorded interviews. RESULTS: Reported changes concerned ventilation, feeding and nutrition, neonatal sepsis, infant care, pain management and care of parents. Six categories of drivers to change were identified: availability of new knowledge or technology; guidelines or regulations from outside the unit; need to standardize practices; participation in research; occurrence of adverse events; and wish to improve care. Innovations originating within the unit, linked to the availability of new technology and seen to provide clear benefit for patients were more likely to achieve consensus and rapid implementation. CONCLUSIONS: Innovation can be initiated by several drivers that can impact on the success and sustainability of change.


id: cord-025374-504mfiie
author: Aykut, Stefan C.
date: 2020-05-27
txt: ./txt/cord-025374-504mfiie.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-025374-504mfiie.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7253149/
doi: 10.1057/s41311-020-00250-8
summary:
  Convened by French President Emmanuel Macron to mark the COP21''s second anniversary, the Summit provided business and NGO leaders, representatives from international organisations and national and multilateral development banks, heads of state and government, philanthropists and mayors with an opportunity to both reassert their commitment to the Paris agreement and to announce new measures for its implementation. As illustrated by the examples above, the post-Paris process conveys a central role to the emission of ''signals'' and the creation of ''momentum'' for climate action, through carefully orchestrated global moments such as the One Planet Summit and Climate Action Summits and highly publicised private initiatives like #WeReStillIn. In other words, in this new governance, performances, symbols and narratives appear to be just as important as the production of rules, institutions and instruments.

title:
  ‘Incantatory’ governance: global climate politics’ performative turn and its wider significance for global politics

abstract:
  The 2015 Paris agreement represents a deep-rooted change in global climate governance. While existing scholarly assessments highlight central institutional features of the Paris shift, they tend to overlook its symbolic and discursive dimensions. Our analysis shows that the Paris architecture combines two core elements: an iterative pledge and review process to stimulate global climate action, and a ‘performative’ narrative aimed at aligning actors’ expectations on the prospect of a low-carbon future. We therefore suggest calling it an incantatory system of governance. We then examine the origins of the new approach and find that the rise of ‘soft law’ approaches and communicative techniques in global climate governance are both indicative of a broader process: the entry of management culture in international organisations. Against this backdrop, we examine the prospects, limitations and caveats of the new approach and discuss its wider implications for global politics.


id: cord-026881-57mx3thr
author: Neuwirth, Rostam J.
date: 2020-03-28
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296555/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45428-9_5
title:
  GAIA 2048—A ‘Glocal Agency in Anthropocene’: Cognitive and Institutional Change as ‘Legal Science Fiction’

abstract:
  To assess a future scenario of the world without a WTO, the present chapter projects the reader into the distant future of the year 2048 by which time the global community is aiming to establish GAIA, the so-called “Glocal Agency in Anthropocene”. GAIA is designed as the first truly integrated global institution with a universal character with the aim to tackle the complex and multiversal governance challenges of humanity and the planet as a whole. This chapter marks both a legally and a scientifically fictitious account of the years from 2020 until 2048, from a dystopian and a utopian perspective, with the aim of highlighting the importance of cognition for legal and institutional change. The need for cognitive change is driven by changes in the environment, and by the challenges resulting from a perceived acceleration of the pace of change and the unprecedented levels of technological complexity. Both change and complexity increase the relevance of cognition, as laws and policies adopted in one area are more likely to affect their success or failure and that of the global governance system as a whole. Thus, this chapter predicts that the foremost necessity for law in the future is to build on novel and enhanced modes of human cognition to deal better with complexity and rapid change.


id: cord-030279-pv770doe
title: Twenty-first Century Governance Challenges in the Life Sciences
author: Novossiolova, Tatyana
date: 2016-11-29
txt: ./txt/cord-030279-pv770doe.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030279-pv770doe.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7416832/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-51004-0_4
summary:
  From ''dual-use life science research of concern'' through the rise of amateur biology to the advent of personalised medicine, the chapter exposes the limitations of the existing governance mechanisms in accommodating the multifaceted ethical, social, security, and legal concerns arising from cutting-edge scientific and technological developments. Indeed, rapid advances in the field have produced a knowledge base and set of tools and techniques that enable biological processes to be understood, manipulated and controlled to an extent never possible before 5 ; they have found various applications in numerous spheres of life, generating enormous benefits and offering bright prospects for human betterment; and they have come to be regarded as a key driver of economic development with potential to close the gap between resource-rich and resource-poor countries.

abstract:
  The chapter explores the rapid advancement of biotechnology over the past few decades, outlining an array of factors that drive innovation and, at the same time, raise concerns about the extent to which the scope and pace of novel life science developments can be adequately governed. From ‘dual-use life science research of concern’ through the rise of amateur biology to the advent of personalised medicine, the chapter exposes the limitations of the existing governance mechanisms in accommodating the multifaceted ethical, social, security, and legal concerns arising from cutting-edge scientific and technological developments.


id: cord-030421-8eu9zlba
author: Shirley, Dennis
date: 2020-08-13
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7423846/
doi: 10.1007/s10833-020-09399-8
title:
  Vectors of educational change: An introduction to the twentieth anniversary issue of the Journal of Educational Change

abstract:
  This article introduces a special, 20th anniversary issue of the Journal of Educational Change. The special issue edictoras have organized significant international contributions to theory-building into three areas. These concern diverse modalities of educators’ professionalism, debates around “getting to scale” with successful innovations, and conflicting views of social justice in schools and societies. Each of these areas comprises an independent vector of disagreement and debate, with differing meaning and interpretations based upon the cultures and histories of the given systems under review. The article asks what kinds of new research, and what kinds of affiliated theories in these topic areas, can best help to move the field of educational change forward in the coming years.


id: cord-030909-6if3qquj
title: Perspectives on the Economics of the Environment in the Shadow of Coronavirus
author: nan
date: 2020-08-27
txt: ./txt/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7450147/
doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00493-2
abstract: nan
summary:
  Based on these points, it becomes clear that a green recovery plan with resources directed towards achieving the combined objective of both providing the necessary economic stimuli for recovery and also promoting the transition to a low-carbon economy and adaptation to climate change along with investment in natural capital and increase in comprehensive savings could be a feasible and efficient plan. The current global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trajectory indicates that the world is likely to experience catastrophic consequences due to climate change, unless swift action is taken towards funding green solutions and the defunding of fossil fuel activities ( Given the ambition of the European Union to become a net zero-carbon economy by 2050 and the numerous calls to avoid the bailout and stimulus packages towards fossil fuel companies , we examine whether the features of the European Central Bank''s (ECB) €1350 billion Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP) encourages the resilience of the incumbent fossil fuel sector, or whether it promotes the growth of the emerging low-carbon energy sector during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.


id: cord-030984-2mqn4ihm
title: Riskscapes and the socio-spatial challenges of climate change
author: Davies, Anna
date: 2020-08-20
txt: ./txt/cord-030984-2mqn4ihm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030984-2mqn4ihm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454449/
doi: 10.1093/cjres/rsaa016
summary:
  As with climate vulnerabilities and public and environmental health (Faber, 2015; Gebreyes and Theodory, 2018; Klinenberg, 2002; Solomon et al., 2016) , emerging accounts of the COVID-19 pandemic indicate that communities facing elevated threats to their lives and livelihoods are those who are elderly, experience chronic medical conditions, and are socially, politically and economically marginalised (CDC, 2020; Manderson and Levine, 2020; Raffaetà, 2020) . Building on his earlier work (Beck, [1986] 2005), Beck''s (2009) "world risk society" thesis highlights the growing prominence of large-scale technological and industrial processes in modernity that has given rise to unstable global financial markets and climate change and associated threats for the broader public. For example, political and economic actors and institutions across the world are refashioning previous capital accumulation strategies and their spatial and ecological "fixes" through financial instruments and market-based mechanisms that seek to mitigate against and adapt people and places to environmental disasters, terrorist threats and the climate crisis (Castree and Christophers, 2015; Gotham and Greenberg, 2014; Knox-Hayes, 2013; Ouma et al., 2018) .

abstract:
  Anthropogenic climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of the physical threats to human and planetary wellbeing. However, climate change risks, and their interaction with other “riskscapes”, remain understudied. Riskscapes encompass different viewpoints on the threat of loss across space, time, individuals and collectives. This Special Issue of the Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy, and Society enhances our understanding of the multifaceted and interlocking dimensions of climate change and riskscapes. It brings together rigorous and critical international scholarship across diverse realms on inquiry under two, interlinked, themes: (i) governance and institutional responses and (ii) vulnerabilities and inequalities. The contributors offer a forceful reminder that when considering climate change, social justice principles cannot be appended after the fact. Climate change adaptation and mitigation pose complex and interdependent social and ethical dilemmas that will need to be explicitly confronted in any activation of “Green New Deal” strategies currently being developed internationally. Such critical insights about the layered, unequal and institutional dimensions of risks are of paramount import when considering other riskscapes pertaining to conflict and war, displaced people and pandemics like the 2019–2020 global COVID-19 pandemic.


id: cord-212813-yrca1hij
title: Social tipping processes for sustainability: An analytical framework
author: Winkelmann, Ricarda
date: 2020-10-09
txt: ./txt/cord-212813-yrca1hij.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-212813-yrca1hij.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.04488v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  In particular, we identify human agency, social-institutional network structures, different spatial and temporal scales and increased complexity as key distinctive features underlying social tipping processes. Following these distinctions, we present a definitional framework for identifying social tipping processes for sustainability, where under critical conditions, a small perturbation can induce non-linear systemic change, driven by positive feedback mechanisms and cascading network effects. We adopt this framework to understand potential social tipping dynamics in the European political system, where the FridaysForFuture movement (16) pushes the system towards criticality, generating the conditions for shifting climate policy regimes into a qualitatively different state. Accordingly, the European political system could constitute a potential ''social tipping element'', where as it nears critical conditions, a small change to the system or its broader environment could lead to large-scale macroscopic changes, affected by cascading network dynamics and positive feedback mechanisms.

abstract:
  Societal transformations are necessary to address critical global challenges, such as mitigation of anthropogenic climate change and reaching UN sustainable development goals. Recently, social tipping processes have received increased attention, as they present a form of social change whereby a small change can shift a sensitive social system into a qualitatively different state due to strongly self-amplifying (mathematically positive) feedback mechanisms. Social tipping processes have been suggested as key drivers of sustainability transitions emerging in the fields of technological and energy systems, political mobilization, financial markets and sociocultural norms and behaviors. Drawing from expert elicitation and comprehensive literature review, we develop a framework to identify and characterize social tipping processes critical to facilitating rapid social transformations. We find that social tipping processes are distinguishable from those of already more widely studied climate and ecological tipping dynamics. In particular, we identify human agency, social-institutional network structures, different spatial and temporal scales and increased complexity as key distinctive features underlying social tipping processes. Building on these characteristics, we propose a formal definition for social tipping processes and filtering criteria for those processes that could be decisive for future trajectories to global sustainability in the Anthropocene. We illustrate this definition with the European political system as an example of potential social tipping processes, highlighting the potential role of the FridaysForFuture movement. Accordingly, this analytical framework for social tipping processes can be utilized to illuminate mechanisms for necessary transformative climate change mitigation policies and actions.


id: cord-228935-0k18vtho
title: First Direct Observations of Gear-Changing In A Collider
author: Nissen, E.
date: 2020-10-21
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.11168v1.pdf
doi: nan
abstract:
  In this work we perform the first ever demonstration of gear-changing in a real world collider. Gear-changing refers to a collision scheme where each ring of a collider stores a different harmonic number of bunches. These bunches are kept synchronized using different velocities. Such a system has been theorized, but has now been demonstrated using the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring ExpEriment (DESIREE) in Stockholm Sweden. The experiment was able to demonstrate a gear-changing system, with both four on three bunches and five on four bunches. We determined a measurable parameter that shows a gear-changing system out to $37500$ turns of the slow beam. We also developed new insights into how to control this type of system, opening up new possibilities for research.


id: cord-242424-hp1ao99i
title: Changes in electricity demand pattern in Europe due to COVID-19 shutdowns
author: Narajewski, Michal
date: 2020-04-29
txt: ./txt/cord-242424-hp1ao99i.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-242424-hp1ao99i.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.14864v2.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  The article covers electricity demand shift effects due to COVID-19 shutdowns in various European countries. In this paper, we analyse the change in electricity demand pattern in selected European countries caused by the COVID-19 shutdowns. Therefore, in order to recognize whether the change in the load is shutdown-, season-, or weather-driven we need a sophisticated demand model to disentangle the reduction effects. For exploiting the structural changes in the electricity demand due to the shutdown we apply a high-dimensional time series change-point models to the electricity log-load of each country. The baseline model contains mainly two types of components i) pattern-based time-varying coefficients and ii) autoregressive effects. Figure 5 presents the electricity demand in the other considered countries: Germany, France, Spain and Poland. The shutdowns introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted significantly both the level of the electricity demand in Europe and its weekly pattern.

abstract:
  The article covers electricity demand shift effects due to COVID-19 shutdowns in various European countries. We utilize high-dimensional regression techniques to exploit the structural breaks in demand profiles due to the shutdowns. We discuss the findings with respect to coronavirus pandemic progress and regulatory measures of the considered countries.


id: cord-264348-n551lttt
title: Climate Change, Migration, and Civil Strife
author: Balsari, Satchit
date: 2020-10-13
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-020-00291-4
doi: 10.1007/s40572-020-00291-4
abstract:
  PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this article, we examine the intersection of human migration and climate change. Growing evidence that changing environmental and climate conditions are triggers for displacement, whether voluntary or forced, adds a powerful argument for profound anticipatory engagement. RECENT FINDINGS: Climate change is expected to displace vast populations from rural to urban areas, and when life in the urban centers becomes untenable, many will continue their onward migration elsewhere (Wennersten and Robbins 2017; Rigaud et al. 2018). It is now accepted that the changing climate will be a threat multiplier, will exacerbate the need or decision to migrate, and will disproportionately affect large already vulnerable sections of humanity. Worst-case scenario models that assume business-as-usual approaches to climate change predict that nearly one-third of the global population will live in extremely hot (uninhabitable) climates, currently found in less than 1% of the earth’s surface mainly in the Sahara. SUMMARY: We find that the post–World War II regime designed to receive European migrants has failed to address population movement in the latter half of the twentieth century fueled by economic want, globalization, opening (and then closing) borders, civil strife, and war. Key stakeholders are in favor of using existing instruments to support a series of local, regional, and international arrangements to protect environmental migrants, most of whom will not cross international borders. The proposal for a dedicated UN agency and a new Convention has largely come from academia and NGOs. Migration is now recognized not only as a consequence of instability but as an adaptation strategy to the changing climate. Migration must be anticipated as a certainty, and thereby planned for and supported.


id: cord-274189-mrrctuxt
title: REVIEW: Adult Celiac Disease and the Severe “Flat” Small Bowel Biopsy Lesion
author: Freeman, Hugh James
date: 2004
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15185854/
doi: 10.1023/b:ddas.0000026295.64670.d1
abstract:
  Classification of architectural changes in the small intestinal biopsy may be clinically useful to define the cause of diarrhea or suspected malabsorption, especially in adults. Pathologic changes may include severe (flat) or variably severe (mild or moderate) abnormalities. For some disorders, small bowel biopsy findings may be very distinctive and lead to a specific diagnosis. For others, like adult celiac disease, biopsy changes are less specific. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly appreciated that several conditions can produce similar histopathologic changes. Serological assays, including endomysial antibodies and tissue transglutaminase antibodies, may be very useful tools for screening and case finding in clinical practice. However, demonstration of characteristic changes in the small intestinal biopsy is critical, along with a gluten-free diet response.


id: cord-280582-iska6pt8
title: Changes in substance use among young adults during a respiratory disease pandemic
author: Sharma, Pravesh
date: 2020-10-14
txt: ./txt/cord-280582-iska6pt8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-280582-iska6pt8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133603/
doi: 10.1177/2050312120965321
summary:
  This study assessed the self-reported changes in substance use among a young adult population during an ongoing respiratory disease pandemic with imposed social distancing. Due to the timing of our survey launch with the COVID-19 pandemic, we included one additional question to assess "Do you think your use of electronic vaping products, tobacco products, alcohol, or marijuana (any of these) changed (increased or decreased) since Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak?" If individuals answered "Yes," we then provided subsequent questions to assess the directionality of change of each product type as: "Which of the following products and to what direction this change happened?" with the response option of "Increase / Decrease" for each substance type. When analyzing within substance type groups (electronic vaping, marijuana, tobacco product, alcohol), we did not observe significant differences by report of loneliness, anxiety, or depression for changes in substance use direction (increased vs decreased usage). We also observed that the proportion of respondents reporting a change in their substance use patterns differed by age, self-reported anxiety and depression, and degrees of loneliness.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: News articles, commentaries, and opinion articles have suggested that ongoing social distancing measures coupled with economic challenges during COVID-19 may worsen stress, affective state, and substance use across the globe. We sought to advance our understanding of the differences between individuals who change their substance use patterns during a public health crisis and those who do not. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of young adults (18–25 years of age) assessing respondent characteristics and vaping, tobacco, alcohol, and/or marijuana use. We calculated prevalence estimates, prevalence changes, and prevalence ratios with associated 95% confidence intervals and looked for differences with the chi-square test. RESULTS: Of the total sample, 53.2% (n = 542/1018) young adults reported vaping or using tobacco, alcohol, and/or marijuana. Among the 542 respondents reporting use, 34.3% reported a change in their use patterns. Among respondents reporting changes in substance use patterns during the pandemic (n = 186), 68.8% reported an increase in alcohol use, 44.0% reported a decrease in vaping product use, and 47.3% reported a decrease in tobacco product use due to COVID-19. Substance use changed significantly for respondents with increasing degree of loneliness (continuous loneliness score: prevalence ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.25), anxiety (prevalence ratio = 1.45, 95% confidence interval = 1.14–1.85), and depression (prevalence ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.13–1.82). CONCLUSION: Self-reported substance use among young adults was observed to change during a pandemic, and the degree of loneliness appears to impact these changes. Innovative strategies are needed to address loneliness, anxiety, depression, and substance use during global health crises that impact social contact.


id: cord-291909-x0sfwqnk
title: Environmental Health, Planetary Boundaries and Limits to Growth
author: Butler, Colin D.
date: 2019-09-12
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124095489106517
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.10651-7
abstract:
  Published almost 50 years ago, the Limits to Growth remains relevant to contemporary environmental health, though, paradoxically, this relevance is scarcely recognized. The seminal ideas it presented provide a useful background, as do the later Planetary Boundaries analyses, with which to consider key issues in contemporary environmental health. To be more than reactive, it is necessary to understand the complexity and interactions of integrated environmental health risks, including the possibility of significant global population decline within the current century. This contribution provides an overview to the Limits to Growth, linking it especially to the “planetary boundaries” of climate change, biodiversity loss and novel entities (including artificial substances and genetically modified organisms). The gradual increase in the amount of primary energy required to generate useable energy is also argued to be an under-recognized contributing factor to the decline in real wages growth for much of the world’s population since then, although this aspect may be improving. These elements have positive and negative health effects, which we discuss.


id: cord-293365-z1h788sc
title: Climate change impact on migration, travel, travel destinations and the tourism industry
author: Semenza, Jan C
date: 2019-04-12
txt: ./txt/cord-293365-z1h788sc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-293365-z1h788sc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30976790/
doi: 10.1093/jtm/taz026
summary:
  71 Migrants may be at increased risk of communicable disease in their country of destination due to factors including lack of vaccination, low socioeconomic status and poor living conditions and limited access to health care (Table 3) . 72 Essential public health measures include ensuring adequate living conditions, access to health care in refugee camps, detention centres, screening for communicable diseases and assessment Offer serological screening and treatment (for those found to be positive) to all migrants from countries of high endemicity in sub-Saharan Africa and focal areas of transmission in Asia, South America and North Africa. [95] [96] [97] [98] More specifically, air travel can increase the risk of importation of pathogens from endemic areas into regions with competent mosquito vectors and suitable climatic and environmental conditions for vector-borne diseases. 102, 103 Responding to the public health challenges associated with travel and climate change requires robust national surveillance systems, including effective tracking of vector location and disease importation.

abstract:
  Background: Climate change is not only increasing ambient temperature but also accelerating the frequency, duration and intensity of extreme weather and climate events, such as heavy precipitation and droughts, and causing sea level rise, which can lead to population displacement. Climate change-related reductions in land productivity and habitability and in food and water security can also interact with demographic, economic and social factors to increase migration. In addition to migration, climate change has also implications for travel and the risk of disease. This article discusses the impact of climate change on migration and travel with implications for public health practice. Methods: Literature review. Results: Migrants may be at increased risk of communicable and non-communicable diseases, due to factors in their country of origin and their country of destination or conditions that they experience during migration. Although migration has not been a significant driver of communicable disease outbreaks to date, public health authorities need to ensure that effective screening and vaccination programmes for priority communicable diseases are in place. Population growth coupled with socio-economic development is increasing travel and tourism, and advances in technology have increased global connectivity and reduced the time required to cover long distances. At the same time, as a result of climate change, many temperate regions, including high-income countries, are now suitable for vector-borne disease transmission. This is providing opportunities for importation of vectors and pathogens from endemic areas that can lead to cases or outbreaks of communicable diseases with which health professionals may be unfamiliar. Conclusion: Health systems need to be prepared for the potential population health consequences of migration, travel and tourism and the impact of climate change on these. Integrated surveillance, early detection of cases and other public health interventions are critical to protect population health and prevent and control communicabledisease outbreaks.


id: cord-294291-tnsubtjr
author: Baztan, Juan
date: 2020-10-22
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2020.100253
doi: 10.1016/j.crm.2020.100253
title:
  Facing climate injustices: community trust-building for climate services through Arts and Sciences narrative co-production

abstract:
  The goal of this paper is to analyze how and with what results place-based climate service co-production may be enacted within a community for whom climate change is not a locally salient concern. Aiming to initiate a climate-centered dialogue, a hybrid team of scientists and artists collected local narratives within the Kerourien neighbourhood, in the city of Brest in Brittany, France. Kerourien is a place known for its stigmatizing crime, poverty, marginalization and state of disrepair. Social work is higher on the agenda than climate action. The team thus acknowledged that local narratives might not make much mention of climate change, and recognized part of the work might be to shift awareness to the actual or potential, current or future, connections between everyday non-climate concerns and climate issues. Such a shift called for a practical intervention, centered on local culture. The narrative collection process was dovetailed with preparing the neighbourhood’s 50th anniversary celebration and establishing a series of art performances to celebrate the neighbourhood and its residents. Non-climate and quasi-climate stories were collected, documented, and turned into art forms. The elements of climate service co-production in this process are twofold. First, they point to the ways in which non-climate change related local concerns may be mapped out in relation to climate change adaptation, showing how non-climate change concerns call for climate information. Secondly, they show how the co-production of climate services may go beyond the provision of climate information by generating procedural benefits such as local empowerment – thus generating capacities that may be mobilized to face climate change. We conclude by stressing that “place-based climate service co-production for action” may require questioning the nature of the “services” rendered, questioning the nature of “place,” and questioning what “action” entails. We offer leads for addressing these questions in ways that help realise empowerment and greater social justice.


id: cord-294815-mhqe3xjz
title: Analysis of the early Covid-19 epidemic curve in Germany by regression models with change points
author: KuÌchenhoff, H.
date: 2020-10-30
txt: ./txt/cord-294815-mhqe3xjz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-294815-mhqe3xjz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.29.20222265v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222265
summary:
  title: Analysis of the early Covid-19 epidemic curve in Germany by regression models with change points We apply the segmented regression model to time series of the estimated daily numbers of infections for Bavaria and Germany. Since the back propagation algorithm yields an estimate for the expected values of the number of daily infections and does so by inducing a smoothing effect, as a sensitivity analysis for the location of the breakpoints, we also apply the model to the time series of the daily number of disease onsets. In Figure 1 , the three different time series of daily cases (reported, disease onset and estimated infection date) are presented. For the Bavarian data on disease onset, the model with K = 4 change points gives the best result with an estimate of the over-dispersion parameter of 3.8, i.e., the variance of Y t is 3.8 times higher than the value of Var(Y t ) = E(Y t ) otherwise expected under the assumption of the Poisson regression model.

abstract:
  We analyze the Covid-19 epidemic curve from March to end of April 2020 in Germany. We use statistical models to estimate the number of cases with disease onset on a given day and use back-projection techniques to obtain the number of new infections per day. The respective time series are analyzed by a Poisson trend regression model with change points. The change points are estimated directly from the data without further assumptions. We carry out the analysis for the whole of Germany and the federal state of Bavaria, where we have more detailed data. Both analyses show a major change between March 9th and 13th for the time series of infections: from a strong increase to a stagnation or a slight decrease. Another change was found between March 24th and March 31st, where the decline intensified. These two major changes can be related to different governmental measures. On March, 11th, Chancellor Merkel appealed for social distancing in a press conference with the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and a ban on major events with more than 1000 visitors (March 10th) was issued. The other change point at the end of March could be related to the shutdown in Germany. Our results differ from those by other authors as we take into account the reporting delay, which turned out to be time dependent and therefore changes the structure of the epidemic curve compared to the curve of newly reported cases


id: cord-295981-yak8839s
author: Winkler, Harald
date: 2020-09-26
txt: ./txt/cord-295981-yak8839s.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-295981-yak8839s.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214629620303649
doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101789
summary:
  It applies and modifies core components of Gramsci''s approach, building a neo-Gramscian theory of just transitions around concepts of ideology, hegemony, change agents and fundamental conditions. The objectives of this article are, firstly, to advance a neo-Gramscian theory of a just transition and, secondly, to apply it in aid of a better understanding of shifting development pathways to zero carbon and zero poverty (ZPZC). pointing to actors and transitions scholars themselves have identified gaps, including: "Social inequality, poverty and lack of access to modern services such as sanitation or education in low-income economies might be considered more important than global environmental rationales such as climate change" [15] . Applying neo-Gramscian theory, the explanatory model advanced here is that an alliance of change agents coalesces around an ideological elementthe just transitionand gains support of others, establishing a new hegemony, and is able to transform these fundamental conditions.

title:
  Towards a theory of just transition: A neo-Gramscian understanding of how to shift development pathways to zero poverty and zero carbon

abstract:
  As a global community, we need to understand better how a just transition can shift development paths to achieve net zero emissions and eliminate poverty. Our past development trajectories have led to high emissions, persistent inequality and a world that is fragmented across multiple contradictions. How can countries shift to development pathways that deliver zero poverty and zero carbon? In developing a theory of just transition, the article begins by reviewing a range of theoretical approaches from different traditions, building in particular on neo-Gramscian approaches. It applies and modifies core components of Gramsci’s approach, building a neo-Gramscian theory of just transitions around concepts of ideology, hegemony, change agents and fundamental conditions. The theory suggests how coalitions of change agents can come together behind a just transition. The coalition needs to gain broader support, establish a new cultural hegemony in support of just transitions and be able to transform the fundamental conditions of the 21st century. The article briefly considers how this better understanding can be applied to the practice of shifting development pathways. The penultimate section reflects on limitations, including that a fuller development of a theory of just transition will require application for detailed concrete examples and a community effort. Together, we might address the multiple challenges of our present conditions to transition to development that enables human flourishing and a healthy planet.


id: cord-299407-wuug8jjv
title: Concerns of Women regarding Pregnancy and Childbirth during the COVID-19 Pandemic
author: Ahlers-Schmidt, Carolyn R.
date: 2020-09-24
txt: ./txt/cord-299407-wuug8jjv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-299407-wuug8jjv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0738399120305292
doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.09.031
summary:
  OBJECTIVE: Better understand knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women and mothers of infants around coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CONCLUSION: This study provides initial insight into the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The 58-item survey included demographics, pandemic-related behaviors [16] , pregnancy, infant and self-care, access to healthcare, mental health, and financial stability [17] Participants reported changes in mental status related to the COVID-19 pandemic (n=94, 82.5%), including increased stress (n=72; 63.2%), increased anxious thoughts (n=57; 50.0%), changes in sleep patterns (n=54; 47.4%), reduced motivation (n=53; 46.5%), increased fearful thoughts (n=46; 40.4%), changes in appetite (n= 46; 40.4%), racing thoughts (n=41; 36.0%), difficulty in focus and concentration (n=42; 36.8%), depressed mood (n=33; 28.9%) and increased tearfulness (n=23; 20.2%). This exploratory study identified behavior changes of perinatal women specifically attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic.

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: Better understand knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women and mothers of infants around coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: A 58-item electronic survey was distributed to pregnant and postpartum women (infants <12 months) who were >15 years, English-speaking and enrolled in prenatal programs. Data is summarized using central tendency, frequencies and nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: Of 114 (51% response rate) participants, 82.5% reported negative changes in mental status measures (e.g. stress, anxious thoughts, changes in sleep patterns). All reported risk-reduction behavior changes (e.g. handwashing/use of sanitizer, social distancing). Significant changes were reported in employment and financial status due to the pandemic. Increases in alcohol consumption among postpartum women were also reported. Few reported changes in prenatal, infant or postpartum healthcare access. CONCLUSION: This study provides initial insight into the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is limited as participants represent a single Midwest community and social desirability response bias may have impacted responses. However, results may inform future interventions to support pregnant women and mothers of infants during pandemics. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Providers should consider the impact of such events on mental status, access to resources and changes in behaviors.


id: cord-301745-cuatqy1u
author: Wei, Maryann
date: 2020-09-17
txt: ./txt/cord-301745-cuatqy1u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-301745-cuatqy1u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33041925/
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.561609
summary:
  The current study investigated whether the psychological impact of COVID19-related circumstantial changes was moderated by introversion, based on outcome measures across psychosocial, cognitive, and affective domains. One hundred and fourteen individuals (64 USA residents) completed measures of introversion, and reported on the extent to which they experienced loneliness, anxiety, depression and cognitive impairments as a function of COVID19-related circumstantial changes. Additionally, the psychological impact of COVID19-related circumstantial changes (and mental health in general) has psychosocial, cognitive, and affective aspects, which in turn represent functional domains which may be differentially moderated by personality traits (Segel-Karpas and Lachman, 2018) . After controlling for age, gender, living condition and recent unemployment, higher introversion (higher Introversion Scale scores) uniquely predicted higher depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) experienced as a function of COVID19-related circumstantial changes, β = 0.196, t = 2.12, p = 0.036 and β = 0.188, t = 2.02, p = 0.046, respectively.

title:
  Social Distancing and Lockdown – An Introvert’s Paradise? An Empirical Investigation on the Association Between Introversion and the Psychological Impact of COVID19-Related Circumstantial Changes

abstract:
  The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic has effected the implementation of social distancing and lockdown measures across the globe, and the psychological impact of associated life changes is experienced more severely by some individuals than others. Anecdotal evidence points to a common belief among the general public that introverts are faring better than their extraverted counterparts to this end. However, the claim lacks empirical research, and seems counterintuitive when the broader literature on the association between introversion and mental health is considered. The current study investigated whether the psychological impact of COVID19-related circumstantial changes was moderated by introversion, based on outcome measures across psychosocial, cognitive, and affective domains. The role of several demographic factors in determining COVID19-related mental health symptoms was also examined. One hundred and fourteen individuals (64 USA residents) completed measures of introversion, and reported on the extent to which they experienced loneliness, anxiety, depression and cognitive impairments as a function of COVID19-related circumstantial changes. Results showed that introversion predicted more severe loneliness, anxiety, and depression experienced as a function of COVID19-related circumstantial changes, but not cognitive impairments. Among the range of demographic factors examined (age, gender, living condition, recent unemployment), living with others (vs. living alone) predicted more severe COVID19-related mental health symptoms. However, these effects were only observed on outcome measures pertaining to anxiety and cognitive impairments, but not loneliness and depression. Current findings have implications for both consumers and disseminators of information on popular internet hubs. Current findings also highlight the possibility that living with others (close human affiliation) may have protective and detrimental effects on different domains of mental health during the COVID19 pandemic.


id: cord-302848-a246wl7f
author: Lawler, J. J.
date: 2013-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-302848-a246wl7f.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-302848-a246wl7f.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123847034004366
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-384703-4.00436-6
summary:
  Maintaining or increasing ecosystem services into the future will require integrating adaptation strategies (actions that help human and natural systems accommodate changes) and mitigation strategies (actions that reduce anthropogenic influences on climate) ( Figure 1 ). In this chapter, we provide an overview of what will likely be some of the most effective and most important mitigation and adaptation strategies for addressing changes to the climate system stemming from increased GHG emissions. We discuss various ways in which mitigation and adaptation strategies can help reduce the magnitude and the impacts of the changes we are likely to experience, as well as improve human health and directly or indirectly affect ecosystem functions and services. Restoring or protecting some semblance of the natural river flow conditions necessary to support ecosystem function (called environmental flows) into the future is one of the most important climate change adaptation strategies for flowing waters.

title:
  4.25 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies to Reduce Climate Vulnerabilities and Maintain Ecosystem Services

abstract:
  Abstract Increasing temperatures and altered precipitation regimes associated with human-caused changes in the earth s climate are having substantial impacts on ecological systems and human well-being. Maintaining functioning ecosystems, the provision of ecosystem services, and healthy human populations into the future will require integrating adaptation and mitigation strategies. Adaptation strategies are actions that help human and natural systems accommodate changes. Mitigation strategies are actions that reduce anthropogenic influences on climate. Here, we provide an overview of what will likely be some of the most effective and most important mitigation and adaptation strategies for addressing climate change. In addition to describing the ways in which these strategies can address impacts to natural and human systems, we discuss the social considerations that we believe must be incorporated into the development and application of mitigation or adaptation strategies to address political situations, cultural differences, and economic limitations.


id: cord-303557-bbbq6ylr
title: China's capacity of hospitals to deal with infectious diseases in the context of climate change
author: Tong, Michael Xiaoliang
date: 2018-04-16
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.04.021
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.04.021
abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: Infectious diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. The capacity of hospitals to deal with the challenge from emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases due to climate change is of great importance to population health. This study aimed to explore the capacity of hospitals in China to deal with such challenges. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was utilized to gauge information regarding capacity of hospitals to deal with infectious diseases in the context of climate change among 611 clinical professionals whose roles pertained to infectious disease diagnosis, treatment and management in Anhui Province of China. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed on the data. RESULTS: More than 90% of participants believed climate change would have an adverse influence on population health and infectious disease control in China. Most indicated that their hospitals were well prepared for emerging infectious diseases at present, and they considered that logistical support in hospitals (e.g. administrative and maintenance services) should be strengthened for future capacity building. The majority of participants suggested that effective prevention and control measures, more interdisciplinary collaborations, more funding in rural areas for health care, and improved access to facilities enabling online reporting of infectious diseases, were extremely important strategies in building capacity to curb the population health impact of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases due to climate change in China. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical professionals recognized that climate change will likely increase the transmission of infectious diseases. Although rural health care and hospitals’ logistical support need to be improved, most professionals believed their hospitals to be capable of dealing with emerging diseases. They thought that interdisciplinary and cross-regional collaborations, together with necessary resource support (e.g. improved facilities for rural health care) would be important control strategies.


id: cord-305903-qkoc68ky
title: Political events and public views on climate change
author: Dietz, Thomas
date: 2020-07-09
txt: ./txt/cord-305903-qkoc68ky.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-305903-qkoc68ky.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02791-6
doi: 10.1007/s10584-020-02791-6
abstract: nan
summary:
  In particular, the process by which we let our assessment of facts be influenced by values, prior beliefs, policy preferences, and by how we feel about a source of information is variously called biased assimilation, hot cognition, or motivated reasoning. Climate denial is a case in point-public views have been influenced by ongoing campaigns to discredit the scientific consensus and block action, exploiting our cognitive shortcuts (Givens et al. How then did Trump''s election influence public views on climate change? They find that once Trump was in office and his views on climate, the environment, and government regulation were instantiated in policy actions, the effect was to some degree the opposite of what Hahnel et al. Both papers use the 2016 Presidential election as a natural experiment to examine the processes that can shift public views on climate change. Climate change views, energy policy support, and personal action in the Intermountain West: the anti-reflexivity effect


id: cord-308300-p9jyyt08
title: Anxiety Disorders, Climate Change, and the Challenges Ahead: Introduction to the Special Issue
author: Taylor, Steven
date: 2020-09-22
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0887618520301274
doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102313
abstract:
  Climate change involves (1) increases in the prevalence of extreme weather events (e.g., wildfires, floods, hurricanes), (2) more gradual climatic changes (e.g., rising sea levels, desertification), and (3) increased risks of pandemics and other widespread disease outbreaks. Anxiety evoked by the threat of climate change can be either adaptive or maladaptive. Adaptive anxiety can motivate climate activism, such as efforts to reduce one’s carbon footprint. Maladaptive anxiety can take the form of anxious passivity, where the person feels anxious but incapable of addressing the problem of climate change, and may take the form of an anxiety disorder triggered or exacerbated by climatic stressors. Such stressors may involve exposure to extreme weather events or may involve exposure to other stressors such as forced migration due to rising sea levels or desertification. Three types of interventions are needed to address the various types of climate-related anxiety: (1) programs that motivate people to overcome anxious passivity and thereby take action to mitigate the effects of climate change, (2) treatment programs that address anxiety associated with exposure to climatic stressors, and (3) programs that build resilience at an individual and community level, to help people better cope with the challenges ahead.


id: cord-320172-qw47pf9r
title: VII Digestive System 1
author: Greaves, Peter
date: 2000-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-320172-qw47pf9r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-320172-qw47pf9r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780444505149500073
doi: 10.1016/b978-044450514-9/50007-3
summary:
  In common with other changes induced in the digestive tract of rats and cynomolgus monkeys by the administration of recombinant human epidermal growth factor, the tongue showed squamous epithelial hyperplasia characterised by a uniform increase in the thickness of the squamous epithelium in both species (Breider et al., 1996; Reindel et al., 1996) . Detailed study of hypertrophy, protein synthesis, and intracellular cAMP activity in the salivary glands of rats treated for 10 days with isoprenaline (isoproterenol), a series of Î²-adrenergic receptor agonists and the phosphodiesterase inhibitors, theophylline and caffeine, showed that similar effects occurred with all agents although differences in the degree of hypertrophy, the nature of pro-tein and glycoprotein synthesis and Golgi membrane enzyme activity were recorded (Wells and Humphreys-Beher, 1985) . Studies in the rat have shown that diffuse atrophy of the gastric glands characterised by a decrease in the number and size of parietal, chief and mucous cells occurs transiently following truncal vagotomy but histological features return to normal by about 1 month after surgery (Nakamura, 1985) .

abstract:
  Publisher Summary This chapter deals with the digestive system. The major and minor salivary glands and their secretions also represent and integral part of the protective mechanism of the oral cavity, and derangement of saliva production may lead to loss of integrity of the oral mucosa. Drug-induced abnormalities of taste sensation are also well-described phenomena occurring in man although human studies are necessary for the detection of these effects. Inflammation of the oral cavity may involve the buccal mucosa, the gingiva (gingivitis), the tongue (glossitis), and the peridontal tissues (peridontitis). Therapeutic agents can induce inflammatory lesions in the tongue. Moreover, a protective layer of mucus, a visco-elastic material containing high molecular weight glycoproteins produced by the major and minor salivary glands, covers the stratified squamous mucosa of the oral cavity. Salivary secretions also possess digestive enzyme activity although in herbivores and carnivores, it is usually low in contrast to high digestive enzyme activity in omnivorous species.


id: cord-320914-zf54jfol
author: Parrish, Rebecca
date: 2020-08-19
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32825094/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176036
title:
  A Critical Analysis of the Drivers of Human Migration Patterns in the Presence of Climate Change: A New Conceptual Model

abstract:
  Both climate change and migration present key concerns for global health progress. Despite this, a transparent method for identifying and understanding the relationship between climate change, migration and other contextual factors remains a knowledge gap. Existing conceptual models are useful in understanding the complexities of climate migration, but provide varying degrees of applicability to quantitative studies, resulting in non-homogenous transferability of knowledge in this important area. This paper attempts to provide a critical review of climate migration literature, as well as presenting a new conceptual model for the identification of the drivers of migration in the context of climate change. It focuses on the interactions and the dynamics of drivers over time, space and society. Through systematic, pan-disciplinary and homogenous application of theory to different geographical contexts, we aim to improve understanding of the impacts of climate change on migration. A brief case study of Malawi is provided to demonstrate how this global conceptual model can be applied into local contextual scenarios. In doing so, we hope to provide insights that help in the more homogenous applications of conceptual frameworks for this area and more generally.


id: cord-322527-m1ig1hii
author: Sharp, Mindy McGarrah
date: 2020-07-13
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836403/
doi: 10.1007/s11089-020-00914-5
title:
  If You’re Ready, I Am Ready (But the Wait Is Harming Us Both) Individual Risks in Institutional Conversions

abstract:
  Rambo, Adele, and a religion professor walk into a coffee shop. What in the world do they have in common? This essay integrates Lewis Rambo’s scholarship on conversion with pop singer Adele’s popular song “Send My Love to Your Lover” to understand and redress inequity in individual risk within processes of institutional conversion. The author focuses on practices of inclusion in institutions of higher education using the specific example of theological schools with aspirational school mission statements that embrace equity and diversities. She argues that bringing Rambo and Adele into conversation with anecdotal and published research on institutional (in)justice illuminates four practices that institutions could adopt to better align practice with promise and thereby promote wellness for all who are impacted by institutional health.


id: cord-323621-cw54dfos
author: Reuben, Jayne S.
date: 2020-09-25
txt: ./txt/cord-323621-cw54dfos.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-323621-cw54dfos.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-020-01087-9
doi: 10.1007/s40670-020-01087-9
abstract: nan
summary:
  The title of the session was Student Voices: Envisioning the Future of Health Sciences Education Across Different Healthcare Professions Worldwide. working with students and experts in the community should identify opportunities to integrate information about diverse patient groups into the medical curriculum. Paris Webb, D4 Student, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, USA In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many institutions were forced to switch from a traditional in-class lecture model to a virtual educational format. Specifically, the institution introduced several curricular changes to provide new educational approaches and assessments to prepare future dentists to excel in the evolving field of dentistry. These changes in healthcare education necessitate collaboration between students, educators, and institutions to ensure that the next generation of dental health professionals are well prepared to provide individualized patient care. To prepare the dental students of today for this new reality of the future, Radboud UMC Dental Faculty developed a Master Clinic program for 4-6th year students.

title:
  IAMSE Meeting Report: Student Plenary at the 24th Annual Conference of the International Association of Medical Science Educators


id: cord-327695-zab46s9n
author: Gareau, Brian J.
date: 2020-08-11
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02808-0
doi: 10.1007/s10584-020-02808-0
title:
  The strength of green ties: Massachusetts cranberry grower social networks and effects on climate change attitudes and action

abstract:
  The cranberry, a commodity of social, cultural, and economic importance to New England, is under threat due to climatic change in this region of the United States. Yet, previous research reveals that cranberry growers have mixed attitudes about the anthropogenic roots of climate change, with many being skeptical. Building on the researchers’ analysis of the personal and ecological conditions that affect climate change attitudes among cranberry growers, this paper examines the effect that key actors in the growers’ social networks have on those attitudes. Through statistical analysis of survey data and content analysis of two important cranberry newsletters, the paper finds that cranberry growers’ perceived importance of two key cranberry growing institutions, the “sociopolitically focused” Cape Cod Cranberry Growers’ Association and the “technically focused” University of Massachusetts Cranberry Station, as well as connections to other cranberry growers, is associated in nuanced ways with growers’ climate change attitudes. Drawing on the sociological theory of “social capital,” the paper examines how these social ties to key actors/institutions may result in greater threat perception or worry about climate change. It then considers how “green ties,” if harnessed and supported by these important actors in the cranberry grower network, might significantly mitigate climate change in the future. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10584-020-02808-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-328655-55ebve2k
title: Frontiers in climate change–disease research
author: Rohr, Jason R.
date: 2011-04-12
txt: ./txt/cord-328655-55ebve2k.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-328655-55ebve2k.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0169534711000711
doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.002
summary:
  We suggest that forecasts of climate-change impacts on disease can be improved by more interdisciplinary collaborations, better linking of data and models, addressing confounding variables and context dependencies, and applying metabolic theory to host–parasite systems with consideration of community-level interactions and functional traits. We suggest that forecasts of climate-change impacts on disease can be improved by more interdisciplinary collaborations, better linking of data and models, addressing confounding variables and context dependencies, and applying metabolic theory to host-parasite systems with consideration of community-level interactions and functional traits. Third, the emphasis of metabolic theory has been on effects of mean temperature, but changes in other climatic components, such as precipitation and climatic variability, also could impact species interactions (Figure 2 ), especially for parasites with life stages outside the host.

abstract:
  The notion that climate change will generally increase human and wildlife diseases has garnered considerable public attention, but remains controversial and seems inconsistent with the expectation that climate change will also cause parasite extinctions. In this review, we highlight the frontiers in climate change–infectious disease research by reviewing knowledge gaps that make this controversy difficult to resolve. We suggest that forecasts of climate-change impacts on disease can be improved by more interdisciplinary collaborations, better linking of data and models, addressing confounding variables and context dependencies, and applying metabolic theory to host–parasite systems with consideration of community-level interactions and functional traits. Finally, although we emphasize host–parasite interactions, we also highlight the applicability of these points to climate-change effects on species interactions in general.


id: cord-328902-c91mthxv
title: 100% peer review in radiation oncology: is it feasible?
author: Martin-Garcia, E.
date: 2020-06-15
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-020-02394-8
doi: 10.1007/s12094-020-02394-8
abstract:
  PURPOSE: Peer review has been proposed as a strategy to ensure patient safety and plan quality in radiation oncology. Despite its potential benefits, barriers commonly exist to its optimal implementation in daily clinical routine. Our purpose is to analyze peer-review process at our institution. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Based on our group peer-review process, we quantified the rate of plan changes, time and resources needed for this process. Prospectively, data on cases presented at our institutional peer-review conference attended by physicians, resident physicians and physicists were collected. Items such as time to present per case, type of patient (adult or pediatric), treatment intent, dose, aimed technique, disease location and receipt of previous radiation were gathered. Cases were then analyzed to determine the rate of major change, minor change and plan rejection after presentation as well as the median time per session. RESULTS: Over a period of 4 weeks, 148 cases were reviewed. Median of attendants was six physicians, three in-training-physicians and one physicist. Median time per session was 38 (4–72) minutes. 59.5% of cases presented in 1–4 min, 32.4% in 5–9 min and 8.1% in ≥ 10 min. 79.1% of cases were accepted without changes, 11.5% with minor changes, 6% with major changes and 3.4% were rejected with indication of new presentation. Most frequent reason of change was contouring corrections (53.8%) followed by dose or fractionation (26.9%). CONCLUSION: Everyday group consensus peer review is an efficient manner to recollect clinical and technical data of cases presented to ensure quality radiation care before initiation of treatment as well as ensuring department quality in a feedback team environment. This model is feasible within the normal operation of every radiation oncology Department.


id: cord-332313-9m2iozj3
title: Structural efficiency to manipulate public research institution networks
author: Yang, Hyeonchae
date: 2016-01-13
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.12.012
doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2015.12.012
abstract:
  With the rising use of network analysis in the public sector, researchers have recently begun paying more attention to the management of entities from a network perspective. However, guiding elements in a network is difficult because of their complex and dynamic states. In a bid to address the issues involved in achieving network-wide outcomes, our work here sheds new light on quantifying structural efficiency to control inter-organizational networks maintained by public research institutions. In doing so, we draw attention to the set of subordinates suitable as change initiators to influence the entire research profiles of subordinates from three major public research institutions: the Government-funded Research Institutes (GRIs) in Korea, the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG) in Germany, and the National Laboratories (NLs) in the United States. Building networks on research similarities in portfolios, we investigate these networks with respect to their structural efficiency and topological properties. According to our estimation, only less than 30% of nodes are sufficient to initiate a cascade of changes throughout the network across institutions. The subunits that drive the network exhibit an inclination neither toward retaining a large number of connections nor toward having a long academic history. Our findings suggest that this structural efficiency indicator helps assess structural development or improvement plans for networks inside a multiunit public research institution.


id: cord-336743-udokbcki
author: Lilitsis, Emmanouil
date: 2020-06-10
txt: ./txt/cord-336743-udokbcki.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-336743-udokbcki.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1569904820301324
doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103474
summary:
  Setting the level of ventilator assist in everyday practice relies mostly on the clinical estimation of inspiratory effort, as indicated by the breathing pattern -tidal volume (VT) and respiratory rate (RR)-and clinical signs of respiratory distress (Boles et al., 2007; Hansen-Flaschen, 2000; Hess, 2001; Ray et al., 2006) . The aim of this study was to 1) characterize the responses of respiratory drive, respiratory effort, and breathing pattern to changing levels of ventilatory assist in critically ill patients and 2) assess if changes in respiratory rate may indicate changes in respiratory drive and effort. To this end, during proportional assist ventilation with adjustable gain factors (PAV+), noninvasive measurements of respiratory drive, effort (as indicated by inspiratory muscle pressure) were obtained at different levels of assist, using a validated prototype monitor (PVI) (Kondili et al., 2010; Younes et al., 2007) .

title:
  Inspiratory effort and breathing pattern change in response to varying the assist level: a physiological study

abstract:
  AIM: To describe the response of breathing pattern and inspiratory effort upon changes in assist level and to assesss if changes in respiratory rate may indicate changes in respiratory muscle effort. METHODS: Prospective study of 82 patients ventilated on proportional assist ventilation (PAV+). At three levels of assist (20%-50%-80%), patients’ inspiratory effort and breathing pattern were evaluated using a validated prototype monitor. RESULTS: Independent of the assist level, a wide range of respiratory rates (16-35br/min) was observed when patients’ effort was within the accepted range. Changing the assist level resulted in paired changes in inspiratory effort and rate of the same tendency (increase or decrease) in all but four patients. Increasing the level in assist resulted in a 31% (8-44%) decrease in inspiratory effort and a 10% (0-18%) decrease in respiratory rate. The change in respiratory rate upon the change in assist correlated modestly with the change in the effort (R = 0.5). CONCLUSION: Changing assist level results in changes in both respiratory rate and effort in the same direction, with change in effort being greater than that of respiratory rate. Yet, neither the magnitude of respiratory rate change nor the resulting absolute value may reliably predict the level of effort after a change in assist.


id: cord-338933-67e98ok3
title: Building a Social Mandate for Climate Action: Lessons from COVID-19
author: Howarth, Candice
date: 2020-07-08
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836829/
doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00446-9
abstract:
  The COVID-19 imposed lockdown has led to a number of temporary environmental side effects (reduced global emissions, cleaner air, less noise), that the climate community has aspired to achieve over a number of decades. However, these benefits have been achieved at a massive cost to welfare and the economy. This commentary draws lessons from the COVID-19 crisis for climate change. It discusses whether there are more sustainable ways of achieving these benefits, as part of a more desirable, low carbon resilient future, in a more planned, inclusive and less disruptive way. In order to achieve this, we argue for a clearer social contract between citizens and the state. We discuss how COVID-19 has demonstrated that behaviours can change abruptly, that these changes come at a cost, that we need a ‘social mandate’ to ensure these changes remain in the long-term, and that science plays an important role in informing this process. We suggest that deliberative engagement mechanisms, such as citizens’ assemblies and juries, could be a powerful way to build a social mandate for climate action post-COVID-19. This would enable behaviour changes to become more accepted, embedded and bearable in the long-term and provide the basis for future climate action.


id: cord-339374-2hxnez28
author: De Kort, Hanne
date: 2020-09-22
url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6753
doi: 10.1002/ece3.6753
title:
  Toward reliable habitat suitability and accessibility models in an era of multiple environmental stressors

abstract:
  Global biodiversity declines, largely driven by climate and land‐use changes, urge the development of transparent guidelines for effective conservation strategies. Species distribution modeling (SDM) is a widely used approach for predicting potential shifts in species distributions, which can in turn support ecological conservation where environmental change is expected to impact population and community dynamics. Improvements in SDM accuracy through incorporating intra‐ and interspecific processes have boosted the SDM field forward, but simultaneously urge harmonizing the vast array of SDM approaches into an overarching, widely adoptable, and scientifically justified SDM framework. In this review, we first discuss how climate warming and land‐use change interact to govern population dynamics and species’ distributions, depending on species’ dispersal and evolutionary abilities. We particularly emphasize that both land‐use and climate change can reduce the accessibility to suitable habitat for many species, rendering the ability of species to colonize new habitat and to exchange genetic variation a crucial yet poorly implemented component of SDM. We then unite existing methodological SDM practices that aim to increase model accuracy through accounting for multiple global change stressors, dispersal, or evolution, while shifting our focus to model feasibility. We finally propose a roadmap harmonizing model accuracy and feasibility, applicable to both common and rare species, particularly those with poor dispersal abilities. This roadmap (a) paves the way for an overarching SDM framework allowing comparison and synthesis of different SDM studies and (b) could advance SDM to a level that allows systematic integration of SDM outcomes into effective conservation plans.


id: cord-343559-kjuc3nqa
author: Asiamah, Nestor
date: 2020-10-08
txt: ./txt/cord-343559-kjuc3nqa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-343559-kjuc3nqa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33033971/
doi: 10.1007/s10597-020-00722-4
summary:
  title: Short-Term Changes in Behaviors Resulting from COVID-19-Related Social Isolation and Their Influences on Mental Health in Ghana Findings indicate that reduced physical activity time and a change in sexual activity and smoking frequency are some short-term changes in behavior resulting from social isolation during the lockdown. We are, therefore, of the view that social isolation necessitated by a COVID-19-related lockdown would not only cause fear and panic in the short-term but could also lead to anxiety and consequently a decline in mental health in the general population. Our investigation was based on this primary research question: Do changes in behaviors due to COVID-19 social distancing measures have a significant influence on mental health? This study focused on possible short-term changes in behaviors resulting from COVID-19-related social isolation or fears. For the most part, changes in behaviors in the short-term attributable to COVID-19 social isolation were associated with lower mental health scores.

title:
  Short-Term Changes in Behaviors Resulting from COVID-19-Related Social Isolation and Their Influences on Mental Health in Ghana

abstract:
  This study assessed the behavioral outcomes of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing protocols and their influences on mental health. An online survey hosted by Survey Monkey was utilized to collect data from residents of three Ghanaian cities of Accra, Kumasi and Tamale. A total of 621 surveys were analyzed, with a sensitivity analysis utilized to select covariates for the regression model. The average age of participants was about 36 years. Findings indicate that reduced physical activity time and a change in sexual activity and smoking frequency are some short-term changes in behavior resulting from social isolation during the lockdown. An increase in sedentary behavior had a negative influence on mental health. For the most part, changes in behaviors in the short-term were associated with lower mental health scores. The study implied that COVID-19 social distancing measures should be implemented alongside public education for discouraging unhealthy changes in behaviors.


id: cord-345662-vm5btiue
author: Walwyn, David R.
date: 2020-10-03
txt: ./txt/cord-345662-vm5btiue.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-345662-vm5btiue.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620303595
doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101784
summary:
  Based on a study of South Africa''s budget processes, it is concluded that change will only occur when four separate pre-conditions converge, namely a rapidly growing environmental problem capable of leading to civil unrest, a supportive and recently developed policy framework, decreasing techno-economic costs for its solution, and strong political support from an effective ministry or minister. Although there are several publications on green financing within South Africa, such as its broader challenges and necessary design features [23] and the role that public financial intermediaries have already played in the country''s energy transition [24] , there have been no specific studies on how to mobilise and reorient government expenditure for sustainability transitions, and particularly the decarbonisation of its energy sector.

title:
  Turning points for sustainability transitions: Institutional destabilization, public finance and the techno-economic dynamics of decarbonization in South Africa

abstract:
  Existing socio-technical systems tend to be intransigent to change. Decarbonisation, on the other hand, is an imperative, leading to an obvious conflict between the need for, and highly effective resistance to, change. Moreover, the abandonment of fossil fuel-based technologies in favour of more sustainable alternatives will require substantial reallocation of government’s operational expenditure, particularly in countries like South Africa with high per capita greenhouse gas emissions and low per capita income. In this article, it is argued that reallocation will require more than niche experimentation and destabilisation of the present socio-technical regime. Based on a study of South Africa’s budget processes, it is concluded that change will only occur when four separate pre-conditions converge, namely a rapidly growing environmental problem capable of leading to civil unrest, a supportive and recently developed policy framework, decreasing techno-economic costs for its solution, and strong political support from an effective ministry or minister. Turning points for transition, although infrequent, can be reached through strategic attention to these pre-conditions. A modified Kingdon multiple streams approach, which introduces the additional dimension of techno-economic feasibility, is proposed as a useful framework for anticipating when and how to act in order to mobilise sufficient public resources for decarbonisation.


id: cord-346050-ssv1arr1
author: Hodgkinson, Tarah
date: 2020-06-20
txt: ./txt/cord-346050-ssv1arr1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-346050-ssv1arr1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101706
doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101706
summary:
  This creates an opportunity to explore the preliminary effects of this lockdown on crime trends in one of Canada''s major cities, with the intention of determining if the shift in opportunity structures have changed crime trends and to improve planning for safety and crime prevention for potential further outbreaks of the pandemic and future exceptional events. Opportunity theories, such as routine activities theory, would predict that during an exceptional event, crime rates will both increase and decrease depending on the crime type and the shift in opportunity structure (Leither et al., 2011) . Routine activity theory argues that in order for a crime event to occur, a suitable target, a motivated offender, and the lack of a capable guardian need to come together in time and space (Cohen & Felson, 1979) .

title:
  Show me a man or a woman alone and I''ll show you a saint: Changes in the frequency of criminal incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency of various crime types (property, violent, and mischief) in Vancouver, Canada. METHODS: Crime data representing residential burglary, commercial burglary, theft of vehicle, theft from vehicle, theft, violence, and mischief are analysed at the city level using interrupted time series techniques. RESULTS: While COVID-19 has not had an impact on all crime types, statistically significant change has been identified in a number of cases. Depending on the crime type, the magnitude and direction of the change in frequency varies. It is argued that (mandated) social restrictions, shifted activity patterns and opportunity structures which are responsible for these findings. CONCLUSIONS: We find support for changes in the frequency of particular crime types during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is important for criminal justice and social service practitioners when operating within an extraordinary event.


id: cord-346510-upyhirb7
author: Miller, Melissa Farmer
date: 2020-10-15
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33076229/
doi: 10.3390/nu12103144
title:
  A Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Effectiveness of Coping with Cancer in the Kitchen, a Nutrition Education Program for Cancer Survivors

abstract:
  Following a diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruit, and beans may reduce cancer incidence and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Coping with Cancer in the Kitchen (CCK), an 8 week in-person program offering education, culinary demonstrations and food tasting, and psychosocial group support, compared to receiving CCK printed materials by mail on knowledge, confidence, and skills in implementing a plant-based diet. A total of 54 adult cancer survivors were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 26) and control groups (n = 27) with assessments at baseline, 9, and 15 weeks via self-administered survey. The response rate was 91% at 9 weeks and 58% at 15 weeks. The majority of our study participants were female breast cancer survivors (58%) who had overweight or obesity (65%). Compared with the control, there were significant (p < 0.05) increases in intervention participants’ knowledge about a plant-based diet at weeks 9 and 15, reductions in perceived barriers to eating more fruits and vegetables at week 9, and enhanced confidence and skills in preparing a plant-based diet at week 15. There was a significant reduction in processed meat intake but changes in other food groups and psychosocial measures were modest. Participation in CCK in person increased knowledge, skills, and confidence and reduced barriers to adopting a plant-based diet. Positive trends in intake of plant-based foods and quality of life warrant further investigation in larger-scale studies and diverse populations.


id: cord-347126-hvrly37e
author: Stanton, Robert
date: 2020-06-07
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114065
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114065
title:
  Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults

abstract:
  The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has enforced dramatic changes to daily living including economic and health impacts. Evidence for the impact of these changes on our physical and mental health and health behaviors is limited. We examined the associations between psychological distress and changes in selected health behaviors since the onset of COVID-19 in Australia. An online survey was distributed in April 2020 and included measures of depression, anxiety, stress, physical activity, sleep, alcohol intake and cigarette smoking. The survey was completed by 1491 adults (mean age 50.5 ± 14.9 years, 67% female). Negative change was reported for physical activity (48.9%), sleep (40.7%), alcohol (26.6%) and smoking (6.9%) since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Significantly higher scores in one or more psychological distress states were found for females, and those not in a relationship, in the lowest income category, aged 18–45 years, or with a chronic illness. Negative changes in physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol intake were associated with higher depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Health-promotion strategies directed at adopting or maintaining positive health-related behaviors should be utilized to address increases in psychological distress during the pandemic. Ongoing evaluation of the impact of lifestyle changes associated with the pandemic is needed.


id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
author: Hulme, Mike
date: 2020-05-28
txt: ./txt/cord-350270-rcft3xfh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-350270-rcft3xfh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837539/
doi: 10.1002/wcc.656
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Social scientific knowledge in times of crisis: What climate change can learn from coronavirus (and vice versa) Governments always have to weigh up different forms of knowledge and expertise, from scientific and technical knowledge to policy and political considerations. But in periods of crisis-when information is more uncertain, susceptible to rapid change and when more attention is given to decision-making processes-it becomes increasingly difficult to ensure the effectiveness of government interventions. Climate change too has seen mathematical modeling take a prime position in the search for authoritative knowledge in the context of deep uncertainty (Wynne, 2010) . Apart from offering inevitably uncertain predictions, mathematical models also obscure the social nature of the climate risk being faced (Wynne, 2010) . Social scientific knowledge deepens our understanding of how perceptions of risk, fear and trust impact on crisis mitigation. The underlying drivers of climate change are much more deeply rooted in global economic, technological, cultural and political structures than are those for COVID-19.

title:
  Social scientific knowledge in times of crisis: What climate change can learn from coronavirus (and vice versa)


id: cord-351204-5m1ch7ls
title: Vulnerability of Aboriginal health systems in Canada to climate change
author: Ford, James D.
date: 2010-06-22
txt: ./txt/cord-351204-5m1ch7ls.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-351204-5m1ch7ls.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0959378010000439
doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.05.003
summary:
  The existing burden of ill-health increases the sensitivity of Indigenous peoples to the adverse impacts of climate change, which combined with a proportionally higher dependence of many Indigenous Climate change Health Adaptation Vulnerability Aboriginal Inuit Mé tis First nations Canada Social determinants of health Inequality Indigenous A B S T R A C T Climate change has been identified as potentially the biggest health threat of the 21st century. However, there remains a significant deficit in information required to inform and guide adaptation among Aboriginal peoples-part of what we broadly term an Indigenous peoples ''vulnerability deficit.'' Major Canadian assessments of climate change, for example, identify research on Aboriginal health a priority for action , and while Furgal and Prowse (2008) focus on the health of mostly Inuit inhabitants in the north, other Aboriginal populations have been less studied (Healey and Meadows, 2007; Wilson and Young, 2008) .

abstract:
  Climate change has been identified as potentially the biggest health threat of the 21st century. Canada in general has a well developed public health system and low burden of health which will moderate vulnerability. However, there is significant heterogeneity in health outcomes, and health inequality is particularly pronounced among Aboriginal Canadians. Intervention is needed to prevent, prepare for, and manage climate change effects on Aboriginal health but is constrained by a limited understanding of vulnerability and its determinants. Despite limited research on climate change and Aboriginal health, however, there is a well established literature on Aboriginal health outcomes, determinants, and trends in Canada; characteristics that will determine vulnerability to climate change. In this paper we systematically review this literature, using a vulnerability framework to identify the broad level factors constraining adaptive capacity and increasing sensitivity to climate change. Determinants identified include: poverty, technological capacity constraints, socio-political values and inequality, institutional capacity challenges, and information deficit. The magnitude and nature of these determinants will be distributed unevenly within and between Aboriginal populations necessitating place-based and regional level studies to examine how these broad factors will affect vulnerability at lower levels. The study also supports the need for collaboration across all sectors and levels of government, open and meaningful dialogue between policy makers, scientists, health professionals, and Aboriginal communities, and capacity building at a local level, to plan for climate change. Ultimately, however, efforts to reduce the vulnerability of Aboriginal Canadians to climate change and intervene to prevent, reduce, and manage climate-sensitive health outcomes, will fail unless the broader determinants of socio-economic and health inequality are addressed.


id: cord-353827-o3vm1vdh
title: Local adaptation policy responses to extreme weather events
author: Giordono, Leanne
date: 2020-08-18
txt: ./txt/cord-353827-o3vm1vdh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-353827-o3vm1vdh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836407/
doi: 10.1007/s11077-020-09401-3
summary:
  These results underscore previous observations about the power of focusing events, but importantly, suggest that political polarization and avoidance of climate change talk may not prevent communities from taking adaptation-oriented policy action after an extreme weather event. Concurrently, a growing body of interdisciplinary literature seeks to better understand the link between the experience of an extreme weather event and individual beliefs, policy preferences, and local action in response to future disaster risk in the face of a changing climate. However, our analysis yielded one contradictory case, Suffolk County (NY), which was scored as being out of the set of cases that adopted adaptation-oriented policy, but which exhibits the conditions represented by the first recipe (Democratic AND Climate Change Attention). 12 Our analysis highlights the potential for adaptation-focused policy change in the wake of extreme weather events, even in communities that otherwise exhibit a strong avoidance of climate change discussion.

abstract:
  At a global level, climate change is expected to result in more frequent and higher-intensity weather events, with impacts ranging from inconvenient to catastrophic. The potential for disasters to act as “focusing events” for policy change, including adaptation to climate change risk, is well known. Moreover, local action is an important element of climate change adaptation and related risk management efforts. As such, there is a good reason to expect local communities to mobilize in response to disaster events, both with immediate response and recovery-focused activities, as well as longer-term preparedness and adaptation-focused public policy changes. However, scholars also note that the experience of disaster does not always yield policy change; indeed, disasters can also result in policy inertia and failure, perhaps as often or more often than major policy change. This study poses two key research questions. First, we ask to what degree policy change occurs in communities impacted by an extreme weather event. Second, we seek to understand the conditions that lead to adaptation-oriented policy adoption in response to an extreme weather event. Our results suggest two main recipes for future-oriented policy adoption in the wake of an extreme weather event. For both recipes, a high-impact event is a necessary condition for future-oriented policy adoption. In the first recipe for change, policy adoption occurs in Democratic communities with highly focused media attention. The second, less expected recipe for change involves Republican communities that have experienced other uncommon weather events in the recent past. We use a comparative case approach with 15 cases and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis methods. Our approach adds to the existing literature on policy change and local adaptation by selecting a mid-N range of cases where extreme weather events have the potential to act as focusing events, thereby sidestepping selection on the dependent variable. Our approach also takes advantage of a novel method for measuring attention, the latent Dirichlet allocation approach. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11077-020-09401-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-354677-duxm9u8v
author: Sweileh, Waleed M.
date: 2020-05-08
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00576-1
doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00576-1
title:
  Bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed literature on climate change and human health with an emphasis on infectious diseases

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Assessing research activity is important for planning future protective and adaptive policies. The objective of the current study was to assess research activity on climate change and health with an emphasis on infectious diseases. METHOD: A bibliometric method was applied using SciVerse Scopus. Documents on climate change and human health were called “health-related literature” while documents on climate change and infectious diseases were called “infection-related literature”. The study period was from 1980 to 2019. RESULTS: The search query found 4247 documents in the health-related literature and 1207 in the infection-related literature. The growth of publications showed a steep increase after 2007. There were four research themes in the health-related literature: (1) climate change and infectious diseases; (2) climate change, public health and food security; (3) heat waves, mortality, and non-communicable diseases; and (4) climate change, air pollution, allergy, and respiratory health. The most frequently encountered pathogens/infectious diseases in the infection-related literature were malaria and dengue. Documents in infection-related literature had a higher h-index than documents in the health-related literature. The top-cited documents in the health-related literature focused on food security, public health, and infectious diseases while those in infection-related literature focused on water-, vector-, and mosquito-borne diseases. The European region had the highest contribution in health-related literature (n = 1626; 38.3%) and infection-related literature (n = 497; 41.2%). The USA led with 1235 (29.1%) documents in health-related literature and 365 (30.2%) documents in infection-related literature. The Australian National University ranked first in the health-related literature while the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine ranked first in the infection-related literature. International research collaboration was inadequate. Documents published in the Environmental Health Perspectives journal received the highest citations per document. A total of 1416 (33.3%) documents in the health-related literature were funded while 419 (34.7%) documents in the infection-related literature were funded. CONCLUSION: Research on climate change and human health is on the rise with research on infection-related issues making a good share. International research collaboration should be funded and supported. Future research needs to focus on the impact of climate change on psychosocial, mental, innovations, policies, and preparedness of health systems.


id: cord-355130-a2jc1g0i
title: Transforming Sustainability Science to Generate Positive Social and Environmental Change Globally
author: Shrivastava, Paul
date: 2020-04-24
txt: ./txt/cord-355130-a2jc1g0i.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-355130-a2jc1g0i.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590332220301615
doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.04.010
summary:
  These universal agreements reflect a global consensus to address climate change and strive for sustainable and balanced social and economic development that promotes the well-being of socio-ecological systems. In this Perspective, we argue that in order to generate positive social and environmental changes globally, sustainability science must transform into a transdisciplinary enterprise. The evolution of what is now known as sustainability science has been important, but clearly it is not yet enough to play a pivotal role in social transformations needed for human preservation in the face of accelerating changes of the Anthropocene. Not only has failure to integrate important insights from the social sciences and environmental humanities limited the perceived ''''solution space'''' for responding to global challenges, but sustainability science has also failed to engage with the ''''how'''' of transformative change.

abstract:
  Despite the decades-long efforts of sustainability science and related policy and action programs, humanity has not gotten closer to global sustainability. With its focus on the natural sciences, sustainability science is not able to contribute sufficiently to the global transition to sustainability. This Perspective argues for transforming sustainability science into a transdisciplinary enterprise that can generate positive social and environmental change globally. In such transformation, the social sciences, humanities, and the arts can play an important role to address the complex problems of culture, institutions, and human behavior. To realize a truly integrated sustainability science, we need renewed research and public policies that reshape the research ecosystem of universities, funding agencies, science communications, policymaking, and decision making. Sustainability science must also engage with society and creatively employ all available sources of knowledge in favor of creating a sustainable Earth.


id: cord-355327-d3gcfepx
title: Conformational changes in redox pairs of protein structures
author: Fan, Samuel W
date: 2009-08-01
txt: ./txt/cord-355327-d3gcfepx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-355327-d3gcfepx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2776962?pdf=render
doi: 10.1002/pro.175
summary:
  Several classes of structural changes were observed, proteins that exhibit: disulfide oxidation following expulsion of metals such as zinc; major reorganisation of the polypeptide backbone in association with disulfide redox-activity; order/disorder transitions; and changes in quaternary structure. These groups were: proteins that oxidize disulfides following expulsion of metals such as Zn; proteins that exhibited major reorganization or ''''morphing'''' of portions of the polypeptide backbone in association with disulfide redox-activity; proteins that exhibited order/disorder transitions; and proteins that exhibited changes in quaternary structure. Twenty-nine Redox Pair protein clusters with intermolecular disulfide bonds exhibit changes in quaternary structure upon oxidation/reduction. We were previously aware of two instances where subdomain morphing of proteins has been associated with reversible disulfide reduction: a redox-controlled structural reorganization of the ion channel CLIC1 proposed to regulate its insertion into membranes, 18 and sequential oxidation of the transcription factor OxyR in response to oxidative stress which modulates its quaternary structure and DNA-binding properties.

abstract:
  Disulfides are conventionally viewed as structurally stabilizing elements in proteins but emerging evidence suggests two disulfide subproteomes exist. One group mediates the well known role of structural stabilization. A second redox-active group are best known for their catalytic functions but are increasingly being recognized for their roles in regulation of protein function. Redox-active disulfides are, by their very nature, more susceptible to reduction than structural disulfides; and conversely, the Cys pairs that form them are more susceptible to oxidation. In this study, we searched for potentially redox-active Cys Pairs by scanning the Protein Data Bank for structures of proteins in alternate redox states. The PDB contains over 1134 unique redox pairs of proteins, many of which exhibit conformational differences between alternate redox states. Several classes of structural changes were observed, proteins that exhibit: disulfide oxidation following expulsion of metals such as zinc; major reorganisation of the polypeptide backbone in association with disulfide redox-activity; order/disorder transitions; and changes in quaternary structure. Based on evidence gathered supporting disulfide redox activity, we propose disulfides present in alternate redox states are likely to have physiologically relevant redox activity.


