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Angeles; Pumarola, Tomàs; Jané, Mireia title: Descriptive study of severe hospitalized cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza during five epidemic seasons (2010–2015) date: 2018-04-14 journal: BMC Res Notes DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3349-y sha: doc_id: 2972 cord_uid: ge7qt256 file: cache/cord-000721-leedutqo.json key: cord-000721-leedutqo authors: Nawaz, Sameena; Allen, David J.; Aladin, Farah; Gallimore, Christopher; Iturriza-Gómara, Miren title: Human Bocaviruses Are Not Significantly Associated with Gastroenteritis: Results of Retesting Archive DNA from a Case Control Study in the UK date: 2012-07-24 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041346 sha: doc_id: 721 cord_uid: leedutqo file: cache/cord-000614-gl9cjmno.json key: cord-000614-gl9cjmno authors: Pang, Xinghuo; Yang, Peng; Li, Shuang; Zhang, Li; Tian, Lili; Li, Yang; Liu, Bo; Zhang, Yi; Liu, Baiwei; Huang, Ruogang; Li, Xinyu; Wang, Quanyi title: Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among Quarantined Close Contacts, Beijing, People’s Republic of China date: 2011-10-17 journal: Emerg Infect Dis DOI: 10.3201/eid1710.101344 sha: doc_id: 614 cord_uid: gl9cjmno file: cache/cord-001512-u3u2k8hj.json key: cord-001512-u3u2k8hj authors: Ding, Hua; Chen, Yin; Yu, Zhao; Horby, Peter W; Wang, Fenjuan; Hu, Jingfeng; Yang, Xuhui; Mao, Haiyan; Qin, Shuwen; Chai, Chengliang; Liu, Shelan; Chen, Enfu; Yu, Hongjie title: A family cluster of three confirmed cases infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Zhejiang Province of China date: 2014-12-31 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-014-0698-6 sha: doc_id: 1512 cord_uid: u3u2k8hj file: cache/cord-007331-wccmeaep.json key: cord-007331-wccmeaep authors: Orcutt, Connie J. title: Emergency and Critical Care of Ferrets date: 2017-04-20 journal: Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract DOI: 10.1016/s1094-9194(17)30157-3 sha: doc_id: 7331 cord_uid: wccmeaep file: cache/cord-006328-0tpj38vb.json key: cord-006328-0tpj38vb authors: Dass Hazarika, Rashna; Deka, Nayan Mani; Khyriem, A. 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V.; Barman, Himesh; Duwarah, Sourabh Gohain; Jain, Pankaj; Borthakur, Dibakar title: Invasive Meningococcal Infection: Analysis of 110 cases from a Tertiary Care Centre in North East India date: 2012-07-22 journal: Indian J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12098-012-0855-0 sha: doc_id: 6328 cord_uid: 0tpj38vb file: cache/cord-006172-ndmf5ekp.json key: cord-006172-ndmf5ekp authors: Akins, Paul Taylor; Belko, John; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Axelrod, Yekaterina; Lee, Kenneth K.; Silverthorn, James title: H1N1 Encephalitis with Malignant Edema and Review of Neurologic Complications from Influenza date: 2010-09-02 journal: Neurocrit Care DOI: 10.1007/s12028-010-9436-0 sha: doc_id: 6172 cord_uid: ndmf5ekp file: cache/cord-004211-58x3nnsc.json key: cord-004211-58x3nnsc authors: Javelle, Emilie; Lesueur, Alexandre; Pommier de Santi, Vincent; de Laval, Franck; Lefebvre, Thibault; Holweck, Guillaume; Durand, Guillaume André; Leparc-Goffart, Isabelle; Texier, Gaëtan; Simon, Fabrice title: The challenging management of Rift Valley Fever in humans: literature review of the clinical disease and algorithm proposal date: 2020-01-22 journal: Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-0346-5 sha: doc_id: 4211 cord_uid: 58x3nnsc file: cache/cord-006882-t9w1cdr4.json key: cord-006882-t9w1cdr4 authors: nan title: Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland date: 2012-07-22 journal: Ir J Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11845-012-0833-6 sha: doc_id: 6882 cord_uid: t9w1cdr4 file: cache/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.json key: cord-005881-oswgjaxz authors: nan title: Abstracts: 11(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery May 15–18, 2010 Brussels, Belgium date: 2010 journal: Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg DOI: 10.1007/s00068-010-8888-z sha: doc_id: 5881 cord_uid: oswgjaxz file: cache/cord-006790-lye0qjw8.json key: cord-006790-lye0qjw8 authors: Song, R.; Pang, X.; Yang, P.; Shu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, Q.; Chen, Z.; Liu, J.; Cheng, J.; Jiao, Y.; Jiang, R.; Lu, L.; Chen, L.; Ma, J.; Li, C.; Zeng, H.; Peng, X.; Huang, L.; Zheng, Y.; Deng, Y.; Li, X. title: Surveillance of the first case of human avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Beijing, China date: 2013-10-16 journal: Infection DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0533-9 sha: doc_id: 6790 cord_uid: lye0qjw8 file: cache/cord-008686-9ybxuy00.json key: cord-008686-9ybxuy00 authors: Everett, Tom; Douglas, Jenny; May, Shoshanna; Horne, Simon; Marquis, Peter; Cunningham, Richard; Tang, Julian W title: Poor transmission of seasonal cold viruses in a British Antarctic Survey base date: 2019-03-14 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.03.007 sha: doc_id: 8686 cord_uid: 9ybxuy00 file: cache/cord-006818-2lclcf1x.json key: cord-006818-2lclcf1x authors: Tibary, A.; Rodriguez, J.; Sandoval, S. title: Reproductive emergencies in camelids date: 2008-06-02 journal: Theriogenology DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.04.024 sha: doc_id: 6818 cord_uid: 2lclcf1x file: cache/cord-006924-1i3kf01j.json key: cord-006924-1i3kf01j authors: nan title: Abstracts from USCAP 2020: Pulmonary, Mediastinum, Pleura, and Peritoneum Pathology (1869-1980) date: 2020-03-05 journal: Lab Invest DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0400-0 sha: doc_id: 6924 cord_uid: 1i3kf01j file: cache/cord-018917-7px75s3c.json key: cord-018917-7px75s3c authors: Hopkins, Richard S.; Magnuson, J. A. title: Informatics in Disease Prevention and Epidemiology date: 2013-07-29 journal: Public Health Informatics and Information Systems DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4237-9_14 sha: doc_id: 18917 cord_uid: 7px75s3c file: cache/cord-011245-nkr0998x.json key: cord-011245-nkr0998x authors: Yokomichi, Hiroshi; Tanaka-Taya, Keiko; Koshida, Rie; Nakano, Takashi; Yasui, Yoshinori; Mori, Masaaki; Ando, Yuka; Morino, Saeko; Okuno, Hideo; Satoh, Hiroshi; Arai, Satoru; Mochizuki, Mie; Yamagata, Zentaro title: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura risk by live, inactivated and simultaneous vaccinations among Japanese adults, children and infants: a matched case–control study date: 2020-04-06 journal: Int J Hematol DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-02866-1 sha: doc_id: 11245 cord_uid: nkr0998x file: cache/cord-020544-kc52thr8.json key: cord-020544-kc52thr8 authors: Bradt, David A.; Drummond, Christina M. title: Technical Annexes date: 2019-12-03 journal: Pocket Field Guide for Disaster Health Professionals DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04801-3_7 sha: doc_id: 20544 cord_uid: kc52thr8 file: cache/cord-022034-o27mh4wz.json key: cord-022034-o27mh4wz authors: OLANO, JUAN P.; PETERS, C.J.; WALKER, DAVID H. title: Distinguishing Tropical Infectious Diseases from Bioterrorism date: 2009-05-15 journal: Tropical Infectious Diseases DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-06668-9.50124-1 sha: doc_id: 22034 cord_uid: o27mh4wz file: cache/cord-016826-oatjcmy0.json key: cord-016826-oatjcmy0 authors: Arata, Andrew A. title: Old and New Pestilences date: 2005 journal: Understanding the Global Dimensions of Health DOI: 10.1007/0-387-24103-5_3 sha: doc_id: 16826 cord_uid: oatjcmy0 file: cache/cord-011745-dbdtpojs.json key: cord-011745-dbdtpojs authors: Thompson, Mark G.; Sokolow, Leslie Z.; Almendares, Olivia; Openo, Kyle; Farley, Monica M.; Meek, James; Ray, Julie; Kirley, Pamala Daily; Reingold, Arthur; Aragon, Deborah; Hancock, Emily; Baumbach, Joan; Schaffner, William; Lynfield, Ruth; Ryan, Pat; Monroe, Maya; Cheng, Po-Yung; Fry, Alicia M.; Shay, David K. title: Effectiveness of Nonadjuvanted Monovalent Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Vaccines for Preventing Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction–Confirmed Pandemic Influenza Hospitalizations: Case-Control Study of Children and Adults at 10 US Influenza Surveillance Network Sites date: 2013-12-01 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit551 sha: doc_id: 11745 cord_uid: dbdtpojs file: cache/cord-010027-r0tl01kq.json key: cord-010027-r0tl01kq authors: nan title: Dublin Pathology 2015. 8th Joint Meeting of the British Division of the International Academy of Pathology and the Pathological Society of Great Britain & Ireland date: 2015-09-15 journal: J Pathol DOI: 10.1002/path.4631 sha: doc_id: 10027 cord_uid: r0tl01kq file: cache/cord-017016-twwa9djm.json key: cord-017016-twwa9djm authors: Tomashefski, Joseph F.; 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Y. title: Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Maternal, Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes: a Systematic Review of 266 Pregnancies date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088484 sha: doc_id: 351930 cord_uid: puhm3w42 file: cache/cord-338466-7uvta990.json key: cord-338466-7uvta990 authors: Singh, Brijesh P. title: Modeling and forecasting the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in India and significance of lockdown: A mathematical outlook date: 2020-10-31 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/bs.host.2020.10.005 sha: doc_id: 338466 cord_uid: 7uvta990 file: cache/cord-337789-pabaoiqs.json key: cord-337789-pabaoiqs authors: Oprinca, George-Călin; Muja, Lilioara-Alexandra title: Postmortem examination of three SARS-CoV-2-positive autopsies including histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis date: 2020-08-27 journal: Int J Legal Med DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02406-w sha: doc_id: 337789 cord_uid: pabaoiqs file: cache/cord-347353-ll2pnl81.json key: cord-347353-ll2pnl81 authors: Saberi, M.; Hamedmoghadam, H.; Madani, K.; Dolk, H. D.; Morgan, A.; Morris, J. K.; Khoshnood, K.; Khoshnood, B. title: Accounting for underreporting in mathematical modelling of transmission and control of COVID-19 in Iran date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20087270 sha: doc_id: 347353 cord_uid: ll2pnl81 file: cache/cord-343897-f4imrltt.json key: cord-343897-f4imrltt authors: Weimer, Louis H. title: Neuromuscular disorders in pregnancy date: 2020-08-04 journal: Handb Clin Neurol DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64240-0.00012-x sha: doc_id: 343897 cord_uid: f4imrltt file: cache/cord-342303-ddulfe06.json key: cord-342303-ddulfe06 authors: Ismael, Julia; Losco, Federico; Quildrian, Sergio; Sanchez, Pablo; Pincemin, Isabel; Lastiri, Jose; Bella, Santiago; Chinellato, Alejandro; Dellamea, Guillermo; Ahualli, Alejandro; Rompato, Silvana; Velez, Julio; Escobar, Rafael; Zwenger, Ariel; Rosales, Cristina; Bagnes, Claudia; Puyol, Jorge; Niewiadomski, Dario; Smecuol, Edgardo; Nachman, Fabio; Gonzalez, Eduardo; Ferraris, Gustavo; Suppicich, Juan Ramos; Price, Paola; Medina, Luis; O’Connor, Juan title: Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 and cancer: consensus from scientific societies in Argentina date: 2020-05-13 journal: Ecancermedicalscience DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1044 sha: doc_id: 342303 cord_uid: ddulfe06 file: cache/cord-336934-57kbz29c.json key: cord-336934-57kbz29c authors: Kesteman, Thomas; Ghassani, Ali; Hajjar, Crystel; Picot, Valentina; Osman, Marwan; Alnajjar, Zahraa; Komurian-Pradel, Florence; Messaoudi, Melina; Pouzol, Stéphane; Soulaiman, Hicham Ghazi; Vanhems, Philippe; Ramilo, Octavio; Karam-Sarkis, Dolla; Najjar-Pellet, Josette; Hamze, Monzer; Endtz, Hubert title: Investigating Pneumonia Etiology Among Refugees and the Lebanese population (PEARL): A study protocol date: 2019-06-13 journal: Gates Open Res DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12811.2 sha: doc_id: 336934 cord_uid: 57kbz29c file: cache/cord-348494-yx11ucrb.json key: cord-348494-yx11ucrb authors: Ali, Kamran; Raja, Mahwish title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and management of aerosol-generating procedures in dentistry date: 2020-06-26 journal: Evid Based Dent DOI: 10.1038/s41432-020-0088-4 sha: doc_id: 348494 cord_uid: yx11ucrb file: cache/cord-346583-2w39qsld.json key: cord-346583-2w39qsld authors: Valev, D. title: Relationships of total COVID-19 cases and deaths with ten demographic, economic and social indicators date: 2020-09-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.05.20188953 sha: doc_id: 346583 cord_uid: 2w39qsld file: cache/cord-339009-wcoch07b.json key: cord-339009-wcoch07b authors: File, Thomas M.; Tsang, Kenneth W. T. title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Pertinent Clinical Characteristics and Therapy date: 2012-08-23 journal: Treat Respir Med DOI: 10.2165/00151829-200504020-00003 sha: doc_id: 339009 cord_uid: wcoch07b file: cache/cord-347248-6scdvu1d.json key: cord-347248-6scdvu1d authors: Ge, Yang; Sun, Shengzhi title: Estimation of Coronavirus Disease Case-Fatality Risk in Real Time date: 2020-08-17 journal: Emerg Infect Dis DOI: 10.3201/eid2608.201096 sha: doc_id: 347248 cord_uid: 6scdvu1d file: cache/cord-327005-7zgolyqf.json key: cord-327005-7zgolyqf authors: Zhang, Lan; Huang, Songming title: Clinical Features of 33 Cases in Children Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Anhui Province, China–A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-06-16 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00255 sha: doc_id: 327005 cord_uid: 7zgolyqf file: cache/cord-348999-989vojgu.json key: cord-348999-989vojgu authors: Boddington, N. L.; Charlett, A.; Elgohari, S.; Walker, J. L.; Mcdonald, H.; Byers, C.; Coughlan, L.; Garcia Vilaplana, T.; Whillock, R.; Sinnathamby, M.; Panagiotopoulos, N.; Letley, L.; MacDonald, P.; Vivancos, R.; Edeghere, O.; Shingleton, J.; Bennett, E.; Grint, D. J.; Strongman, H.; Mansfield, K. E.; Rentsch, C.; Minassian, C.; Douglas, I. J.; Mathur, R.; Peppa, M.; Cottrell, S.; McMenamin, J.; Zambon, M.; Ramsay, M.; Dabrera, G.; Saliba, V.; Lopez Bernal, J. title: COVID-19 in Great Britain: epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first few hundred (FF100) cases: a descriptive case series and case control analysis date: 2020-05-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20086157 sha: doc_id: 348999 cord_uid: 989vojgu file: cache/cord-345019-i7zm9bt1.json key: cord-345019-i7zm9bt1 authors: Al-Waleedi, Ali Ahmed; Naiene, Jeremias D.; Thabet, Ahmed A. K.; Dandarawe, Adham; Salem, Hanan; Mohammed, Nagat; Al Noban, Maysa; Bin-Azoon, Nasreen Salem; Shawqi, Ammar; Rajamanar, Mohammed; Al-Jariri, Riyadh; Al Hyubaishi, Mansoor; Khanbari, Lina; Thabit, Najib; Obaid, Basel; Baaees, Manal; Assaf, Denise; Senga, Mikiko; Bashir, Ismail Mahat; Mahmoud, Nuha; Cosico, Roy; Smith, Philip; Musani, Altaf title: The first 2 months of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Yemen: Analysis of the surveillance data date: 2020-10-29 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241260 sha: doc_id: 345019 cord_uid: i7zm9bt1 file: cache/cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.json key: cord-346247-5jwbg6bc authors: Awasthi, Amit; Sharma, Aditi; Kaur, Prabhjot; Gugamsetty, Balakrishnaiah; Kumar, Akshay title: Statistical interpretation of environmental influencing parameters on COVID-19 during the lockdown in Delhi, India date: 2020-09-25 journal: Environ Dev Sustain DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-01000-9 sha: doc_id: 346247 cord_uid: 5jwbg6bc file: cache/cord-347317-qcghtkk0.json key: cord-347317-qcghtkk0 authors: Russo, Lucia; Anastassopoulou, Cleo; Tsakris, Athanasios; Bifulco, Gennaro Nicola; Campana, Emilio Fortunato; Toraldo, Gerardo; Siettos, Constantinos title: Tracing day-zero and forecasting the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: A compartmental modelling and numerical optimization approach date: 2020-10-30 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240649 sha: doc_id: 347317 cord_uid: qcghtkk0 file: cache/cord-331666-iwkuwnun.json key: cord-331666-iwkuwnun authors: Schweitzer, Wolf; Ruder, Thomas; Baumeister, Rilana; Bolliger, Stephan; Thali, Michael; Meixner, Eva; Ampanozi, Garyfalia title: Implications for forensic death investigations from first Swiss post-mortem CT in a case of non-hospital treatment with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 journal: Forensic Imaging DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2020.200378 sha: doc_id: 331666 cord_uid: iwkuwnun file: cache/cord-342012-1w3x0g42.json key: cord-342012-1w3x0g42 authors: Wu, Joseph T.; Leung, Kathy; Bushman, Mary; Kishore, Nishant; Niehus, Rene; de Salazar, Pablo M.; Cowling, Benjamin J.; Lipsitch, Marc; Leung, Gabriel M. title: Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-19 journal: Nat Med DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0822-7 sha: doc_id: 342012 cord_uid: 1w3x0g42 file: cache/cord-343042-9mue4eiv.json key: cord-343042-9mue4eiv authors: Bertozzi, Giuseppe; Maglietta, Francesca; Baldari, Benedetta; Besi, Livia; Torsello, Alessandra; Di Gioia, Cira Rosaria Tiziana; Sessa, Francesco; Aromatario, Mariarosaria; Cipolloni, Luigi title: Mistrial or Misdiagnosis: The Importance of Autopsy and Histopathological Examination in Cases of Sudden Infant Bronchiolitis-Related Death date: 2020-05-27 journal: Front Pediatr DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00229 sha: doc_id: 343042 cord_uid: 9mue4eiv file: cache/cord-343962-12t247bn.json key: cord-343962-12t247bn authors: Cori, Anne; Donnelly, Christl A.; Dorigatti, Ilaria; Ferguson, Neil M.; Fraser, Christophe; Garske, Tini; Jombart, Thibaut; Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma; Nouvellet, Pierre; Riley, Steven; Van Kerkhove, Maria D.; Mills, Harriet L.; Blake, Isobel M. title: Key data for outbreak evaluation: building on the Ebola experience date: 2017-05-26 journal: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0371 sha: doc_id: 343962 cord_uid: 12t247bn file: cache/cord-347543-muon0kuu.json key: cord-347543-muon0kuu authors: Bellido-Blasco, J. B.; Arnedo-Pena, A. title: Epidemiology of Infectious Diarrhea date: 2011-12-31 journal: Encyclopedia of Environmental Health DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63951-6.00689-6 sha: doc_id: 347543 cord_uid: muon0kuu file: cache/cord-353786-284qn075.json key: cord-353786-284qn075 authors: Chen, Zhi-Min; Fu, Jun-Fen; Shu, Qiang; Chen, Ying-Hu; Hua, Chun-Zhen; Li, Fu-Bang; Lin, Ru; Tang, Lan-Fang; Wang, Tian-Lin; Wang, Wei; Wang, Ying-Shuo; Xu, Wei-Ze; Yang, Zi-Hao; Ye, Sheng; Yuan, Tian-Ming; Zhang, Chen-Mei; Zhang, Yuan-Yuan title: Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus date: 2020-02-05 journal: World J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12519-020-00345-5 sha: doc_id: 353786 cord_uid: 284qn075 file: cache/cord-352635-yrq58n4k.json key: cord-352635-yrq58n4k authors: Teles, Pedro title: PREDICTING THE EVOLUTION OF COVID-19 IN PORTUGAL USING AN ADAPTED SIR MODEL PREVIOUSLY USED IN SOUTH KOREA FOR THE MERS OUTBREAK date: 2020-03-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.18.20038612 sha: doc_id: 352635 cord_uid: yrq58n4k file: cache/cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.json key: cord-355267-ndzgxk0k authors: Kassa, Semu M.; Njagarah, John B.H.; Terefe, Yibeltal A. title: Analysis of the mitigation strategies for COVID-19: from mathematical modelling perspective date: 2020-06-05 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109968 sha: doc_id: 355267 cord_uid: ndzgxk0k file: cache/cord-343234-ps12f9jq.json key: cord-343234-ps12f9jq authors: Levallois, P.; Chevalier, P.; Gingras, S.; Déry, P.; Payment, P.; Michel, P.; Rodriguez, M. title: Risk of Infectious Gastroenteritis in Young Children Living in Québec Rural Areas with Intensive Animal Farming: Results of a Case–Control Study (2004–2007) date: 2013-02-14 journal: Zoonoses Public Health DOI: 10.1111/zph.12039 sha: doc_id: 343234 cord_uid: ps12f9jq file: cache/cord-349197-3trr8d0u.json key: cord-349197-3trr8d0u authors: Ventura, Francesco; Bonsignore, Alessandro; Gentile, Raffaella; De Stefano, Francesco title: Two Fatal Cases of Hidden Pneumonia in Young People date: 2010-04-28 journal: J Forensic Sci DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01413.x sha: doc_id: 349197 cord_uid: 3trr8d0u file: cache/cord-344008-h4kc04w0.json key: cord-344008-h4kc04w0 authors: Liang, Donghai; Shi, Liuhua; Zhao, Jingxuan; Liu, Pengfei; Sarnat, Jeremy A.; Gao, Song; Schwartz, Joel; Liu, Yang; Ebelt, Stefanie T.; Scovronick, Noah; Chang, Howard H. title: Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States date: 2020-09-21 journal: Innovation (N Y) DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100047 sha: doc_id: 344008 cord_uid: h4kc04w0 file: cache/cord-351941-fgtatt40.json key: cord-351941-fgtatt40 authors: Ghaffarzadegan, Navid; Rahmandad, Hazhir title: Simulation‐based estimation of the early spread of COVID‐19 in Iran: actual versus confirmed cases date: 2020-07-06 journal: Syst Dyn Rev DOI: 10.1002/sdr.1655 sha: doc_id: 351941 cord_uid: fgtatt40 file: cache/cord-347323-lmgn3626.json key: cord-347323-lmgn3626 authors: Howe, James R.; Bartlett, David L.; Tyler, Douglas S.; Wong, Sandra L.; Hunt, Kelly K.; DeMatteo, Ronald P. title: COVID-19 Guideline Modifications as CMS Announces “Opening Up America Again”: Comments from the Society of Surgical Oncology date: 2020-05-06 journal: Ann Surg Oncol DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08565-9 sha: doc_id: 347323 cord_uid: lmgn3626 file: cache/cord-349978-zklwovba.json key: cord-349978-zklwovba authors: Jombart, Thibaut; van Zandvoort, Kevin; Russell, Timothy W.; Jarvis, Christopher I.; Gimma, Amy; Abbott, Sam; Clifford, Sam; Funk, Sebastian; Gibbs, Hamish; Liu, Yang; Pearson, Carl A. B.; Bosse, Nikos I.; Eggo, Rosalind M.; Kucharski, Adam J.; Edmunds, W. John title: Inferring the number of COVID-19 cases from recently reported deaths date: 2020-04-27 journal: Wellcome Open Res DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15786.1 sha: doc_id: 349978 cord_uid: zklwovba file: cache/cord-349217-vpih1wvs.json key: cord-349217-vpih1wvs authors: Petropoulos, Fotios; Makridakis, Spyros title: Forecasting the novel coronavirus COVID-19 date: 2020-03-31 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231236 sha: doc_id: 349217 cord_uid: vpih1wvs file: cache/cord-355309-nr8fwc8q.json key: cord-355309-nr8fwc8q authors: Porten, Klaudia; Rissland, Jürgen; Tigges, Almira; Broll, Susanne; Hopp, Wilfried; Lunemann, Mechthild; van Treeck, Ulrich; Kimmig, Peter; Brockmann, Stefan O; Wagner-Wiening, Christiane; Hellenbrand, Wiebke; Buchholz, Udo title: A super-spreading ewe infects hundreds with Q fever at a farmers' market in Germany date: 2006-10-06 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-6-147 sha: doc_id: 355309 cord_uid: nr8fwc8q file: cache/cord-349238-qfvm883x.json key: cord-349238-qfvm883x authors: Maponga, Brian A; Chirundu, Daniel; Gombe, Notion T; Tshimanga, Mufuta; Shambira, Gerald; Takundwa, Lucia title: Risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, 2011: a case control study date: 2013-12-02 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-567 sha: doc_id: 349238 cord_uid: qfvm883x file: cache/cord-347182-oj3v1x99.json key: cord-347182-oj3v1x99 authors: Catala, M.; Pino, D.; Marchena, M.; Palacios, P.; Urdiales, T.; Cardona, P.-J.; Alonso, S.; Lopez-Codina, D.; Prats, C.; Alvarez Lacalle, E. title: Robust estimation of diagnostic rate and real incidence of COVID-19 for European policymakers date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087023 sha: doc_id: 347182 cord_uid: oj3v1x99 file: cache/cord-349821-5ykwwq75.json key: cord-349821-5ykwwq75 authors: Ippolito, G.; Puro, V.; Heptonstall, J. title: Biological weapons: Hospital preparedness to bioterrorism and other infectious disease emergencies date: 2006-09-09 journal: Cell Mol Life Sci DOI: 10.1007/s00018-006-6309-y sha: doc_id: 349821 cord_uid: 5ykwwq75 file: cache/cord-351098-x729wpp7.json key: cord-351098-x729wpp7 authors: Long, Rachel B.; Krumlauf, Kristi; Young, Anna M. title: Characterizing trends in human-wildlife conflicts in the American Midwest using wildlife rehabilitation records date: 2020-09-11 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238805 sha: doc_id: 351098 cord_uid: x729wpp7 file: cache/cord-347375-5ucemm87.json key: cord-347375-5ucemm87 authors: Sazzad, Hossain M.S.; Hossain, M. Jahangir; Gurley, Emily S.; Ameen, Kazi M.H.; Parveen, Shahana; Islam, M. Saiful; Faruque, Labib I.; Podder, Goutam; Banu, Sultana S.; Lo, Michael K.; Rollin, Pierre E.; Rota, Paul A.; Daszak, Peter; Rahman, Mahmudur; Luby, Stephen P. title: Nipah Virus Infection Outbreak with Nosocomial and Corpse-to-Human Transmission, Bangladesh date: 2013-02-17 journal: Emerg Infect Dis DOI: 10.3201/eid1902.120971 sha: doc_id: 347375 cord_uid: 5ucemm87 file: cache/cord-354821-t7400ru5.json key: cord-354821-t7400ru5 authors: Hermanowicz, Slav W title: Simple model for Covid-19 epidemics - back-casting in China and forecasting in the US date: 2020-04-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.31.20049486 sha: doc_id: 354821 cord_uid: t7400ru5 file: cache/cord-355480-mx9dbm73.json key: cord-355480-mx9dbm73 authors: Bajunirwe, Francis; Izudi, Jonathan; Asiimwe, Stephen title: Long distance truck drivers and the increasing risk of COVID-19 spread in Uganda date: 2020-06-29 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.085 sha: doc_id: 355480 cord_uid: mx9dbm73 file: cache/cord-010119-t1x9gknd.json key: cord-010119-t1x9gknd authors: nan title: Abstract Presentations from the AABB Annual Meeting San Diego, CA ctober 7‐10, 2017 date: 2017-09-04 journal: Transfusion DOI: 10.1111/trf.14286 sha: doc_id: 10119 cord_uid: t1x9gknd Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-case-cord parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 91. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 91. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 90. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 86257 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 90. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 89. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 89. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 88. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 88. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 87. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 86. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 87. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 86. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 85. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 85. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 84. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 84. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 83. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 83. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 82. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 81. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 82. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 80. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 87001 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 79. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 81. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 78. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === id: cord-242887-gtmpd7t0 author: Bento, Ana I. title: Information Seeking Responses to News of Local COVID-19 Cases: Evidence from Internet Search Data date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.txt' parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 80. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 77. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === id: cord-126419-u61qc8ey author: Qi, Chong title: Model studies on the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-126419-u61qc8ey.txt cache: ./cache/cord-126419-u61qc8ey.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-126419-u61qc8ey.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034961-4lpjo9a5 author: dos Santos, Bruno Pereira title: Is COVID-19 the current world-wide pandemic having effects on the profile of psychoactive substance poisonings? date: 2020-11-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034961-4lpjo9a5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034961-4lpjo9a5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-034961-4lpjo9a5.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 76. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 85557 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 75. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029410-m19od0wj author: Scatti-Regàs, Aina title: Clinical features and origin of cases of parotiditis in an emergency department() date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029410-m19od0wj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029410-m19od0wj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029410-m19od0wj.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-251070-gxqg494t author: Diouf, Massamba title: Logistic growth model and modeling of factors for community case transmission date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-251070-gxqg494t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-251070-gxqg494t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-251070-gxqg494t.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 74. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-128436-xndrlnav author: Granozio, Fabio Miletto title: Comparative analysis of the diffusion of Covid-19 infection in different countries date: 2020-03-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-128436-xndrlnav.txt cache: ./cache/cord-128436-xndrlnav.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-128436-xndrlnav.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-127109-jdizyzbl author: Bertschinger, Nils title: Visual explanation of country specific differences in Covid-19 dynamics date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-127109-jdizyzbl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-127109-jdizyzbl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-127109-jdizyzbl.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-119626-qb6fea06 author: Cruz-Aponte, Mayte'e title: Balancing Fiscal and Mortality Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Mitigation Measurements date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-119626-qb6fea06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-119626-qb6fea06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-119626-qb6fea06.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018016-r7tg0s45 author: John, Maya title: Shiny Framework Based Visualization and Analytics Tool for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome date: 2019-12-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018016-r7tg0s45.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018016-r7tg0s45.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-018016-r7tg0s45.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024564-ff5ex004 author: Ricoca Peixoto, Vasco title: Epidemic Surveillance of Covid-19: Considering Uncertainty and Under-Ascertainment date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024564-ff5ex004.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024564-ff5ex004.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-024564-ff5ex004.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-144860-a4i9vnjz author: Nason, Guy P. title: Rapidly evaluating lockdown strategies using spectral analysis: the cycles behind new daily COVID-19 cases and what happens after lockdown date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011745-dbdtpojs author: Thompson, Mark G. title: Effectiveness of Nonadjuvanted Monovalent Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Vaccines for Preventing Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction–Confirmed Pandemic Influenza Hospitalizations: Case-Control Study of Children and Adults at 10 US Influenza Surveillance Network Sites date: 2013-12-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011745-dbdtpojs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011745-dbdtpojs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-011745-dbdtpojs.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006328-0tpj38vb author: Dass Hazarika, Rashna title: Invasive Meningococcal Infection: Analysis of 110 cases from a Tertiary Care Centre in North East India date: 2012-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006328-0tpj38vb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006328-0tpj38vb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-006328-0tpj38vb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002972-ge7qt256 author: Torner, Núria title: Descriptive study of severe hospitalized cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza during five epidemic seasons (2010–2015) date: 2018-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002972-ge7qt256.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002972-ge7qt256.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-002972-ge7qt256.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000614-gl9cjmno author: Pang, Xinghuo title: Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among Quarantined Close Contacts, Beijing, People’s Republic of China date: 2011-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000614-gl9cjmno.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000614-gl9cjmno.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-000614-gl9cjmno.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-103711-tnw82hbm author: Einian, Majid title: Modeling of COVID-19 Pandemic and Scenarios for Containment date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-103711-tnw82hbm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-103711-tnw82hbm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-103711-tnw82hbm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-206391-1dj285h8 author: Yan, Donghui title: Estimating the Number of Infected Cases in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-206391-1dj285h8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-206391-1dj285h8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-206391-1dj285h8.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256260-9jatvium author: Han, Yuanyuan title: COVID-19 in a patient with long-term use of glucocorticoids: A study of a familial cluster date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256260-9jatvium.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256260-9jatvium.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 28 resourceName b'cord-256260-9jatvium.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015947-kgyl052w author: Oommen, Seema title: Emerging Respiratory Pandemics date: 2016-02-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015947-kgyl052w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015947-kgyl052w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-015947-kgyl052w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006790-lye0qjw8 author: Song, R. title: Surveillance of the first case of human avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Beijing, China date: 2013-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006790-lye0qjw8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006790-lye0qjw8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-006790-lye0qjw8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-247554-535cpe5x author: Moustakas, Aristides title: Ranking the explanatory power of factors associated with worldwide new Covid-19 cases date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-247554-535cpe5x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-247554-535cpe5x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-247554-535cpe5x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-236070-yao5v598 author: Carneiro, Carlos B. title: Lockdown effects in US states: an artificial counterfactual approach date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-236070-yao5v598.txt cache: ./cache/cord-236070-yao5v598.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-236070-yao5v598.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-167454-ivhqeu01 author: Battiston, Pietro title: COVID-19: $R_0$ is lower where outbreak is larger date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-167454-ivhqeu01.txt cache: ./cache/cord-167454-ivhqeu01.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-167454-ivhqeu01.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-244687-xmry4xj4 author: Hsieh, Chung-Han title: On Control of Epidemics with Application to COVID-19 date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-244687-xmry4xj4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-244687-xmry4xj4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-244687-xmry4xj4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-122594-0y34yxlb author: Teles, Pedro title: Predicting the evolution Of SARS-Covid-2 in Portugal using an adapted SIR Model previously used in South Korea for the MERS outbreak date: 2020-03-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-122594-0y34yxlb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-122594-0y34yxlb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-122594-0y34yxlb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001512-u3u2k8hj author: Ding, Hua title: A family cluster of three confirmed cases infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Zhejiang Province of China date: 2014-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001512-u3u2k8hj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001512-u3u2k8hj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-001512-u3u2k8hj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025337-lkv75bgf author: Vakkuri, Ville title: “This is Just a Prototype”: How Ethics Are Ignored in Software Startup-Like Environments date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025337-lkv75bgf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025337-lkv75bgf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-025337-lkv75bgf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-102850-0kiypige author: Huang, C.-C. title: A Machine Learning Study to Improve Surgical Case Duration Prediction date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-102850-0kiypige.txt cache: ./cache/cord-102850-0kiypige.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-102850-0kiypige.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000721-leedutqo author: Nawaz, Sameena title: Human Bocaviruses Are Not Significantly Associated with Gastroenteritis: Results of Retesting Archive DNA from a Case Control Study in the UK date: 2012-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000721-leedutqo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000721-leedutqo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-000721-leedutqo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028444-bl9ahsxk author: Sarfo, Anthony Kwabena title: Application of Geospatial Technologies in the COVID-19 Fight of Ghana date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028444-bl9ahsxk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028444-bl9ahsxk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-028444-bl9ahsxk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253638-5f9ofdsc author: Alsaied, Tarek title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) Pandemic Implications in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-201798-doi5w7tb author: Seto, Christopher title: Commuting Network Spillovers and COVID-19 Deaths Across US Counties date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-201798-doi5w7tb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-201798-doi5w7tb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 12 resourceName b'cord-201798-doi5w7tb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-142389-t5swlp04 author: Linden, Matthias title: The foreshadow of a second wave: An analysis of current COVID-19 fatalities in Germany date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-142389-t5swlp04.txt cache: ./cache/cord-142389-t5swlp04.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-142389-t5swlp04.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 85609 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-245047-d81cf3ms author: Gupta, Sourendu title: Epidemic parameters for COVID-19 in several regions of India date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-245047-d81cf3ms.txt cache: ./cache/cord-245047-d81cf3ms.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-245047-d81cf3ms.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022512-939pika7 author: Merck, Melinda D. title: Clinical Management of Large-Scale Cruelty Cases date: 2015-12-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022512-939pika7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022512-939pika7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-022512-939pika7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002426-5e1xn7kj author: Falcón-Lezama, Jorge Abelardo title: Analysis of spatial mobility in subjects from a Dengue endemic urban locality in Morelos State, Mexico date: 2017-02-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-221669-uokr4mjq author: Barnes, T. title: The SHIR Model: Realistic Fits to COVID-19 Case Numbers date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-221669-uokr4mjq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-221669-uokr4mjq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-221669-uokr4mjq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030870-ao5p3ra3 author: Paul, Suman title: Dynamics and risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in urban areas: a geographical assessment on Kolkata Municipal Corporation, India date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030870-ao5p3ra3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030870-ao5p3ra3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-030870-ao5p3ra3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011245-nkr0998x author: Yokomichi, Hiroshi title: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura risk by live, inactivated and simultaneous vaccinations among Japanese adults, children and infants: a matched case–control study date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011245-nkr0998x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011245-nkr0998x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-011245-nkr0998x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006172-ndmf5ekp author: Akins, Paul Taylor title: H1N1 Encephalitis with Malignant Edema and Review of Neurologic Complications from Influenza date: 2010-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006172-ndmf5ekp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006172-ndmf5ekp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-006172-ndmf5ekp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018792-oqwbmyft author: Ammon, Andrea title: Early disease management strategies in case of a smallpox outbreak date: 2007 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018792-oqwbmyft.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018792-oqwbmyft.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-018792-oqwbmyft.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-008686-9ybxuy00 author: Everett, Tom title: Poor transmission of seasonal cold viruses in a British Antarctic Survey base date: 2019-03-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt cache: ./cache/cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-227268-8k9zaqsy author: Wick, W. David title: Stopping the SuperSpreader Epidemic: the lessons from SARS (with, perhaps, applications to MERS) date: 2013-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-227268-8k9zaqsy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-227268-8k9zaqsy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-227268-8k9zaqsy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-151030-5x3ztp1n author: Piasecki, Tomasz title: A new SEIR type model including quarantine effects and its application to analysis of Covid-19 pandemia in Poland in March-April 2020 date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-151030-5x3ztp1n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-151030-5x3ztp1n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-151030-5x3ztp1n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-249166-0w0t631x author: Booss-Bavnbek, Bernhelm title: Dynamics and Control of Covid-19: Comments by Two Mathematicians date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 12891 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 13226 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 13012 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 13342 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-221717-h1h2vd3r author: Scabini, Leonardo F. S. title: Social Interaction Layers in Complex Networks for the Dynamical Epidemic Modeling of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016826-oatjcmy0 author: Arata, Andrew A. title: Old and New Pestilences date: 2005 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016826-oatjcmy0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016826-oatjcmy0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016826-oatjcmy0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-103291-nqn1qzcu author: Chapman, Lloyd A. C. title: Inferring transmission trees to guide targeting of interventions against visceral leishmaniasis and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis date: 2020-02-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-103291-nqn1qzcu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-103291-nqn1qzcu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-103291-nqn1qzcu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-152238-z0gysxni author: Aronna, M. Soledad title: A model for COVID-19 with isolation, quarantine and testing as control measures date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-152238-z0gysxni.txt cache: ./cache/cord-152238-z0gysxni.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-152238-z0gysxni.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025886-259357pg author: Mehrotra, Sanjay title: A model of supply‐chain decisions for resource sharing with an application to ventilator allocation to combat COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025886-259357pg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025886-259357pg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-025886-259357pg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022176-hprwqi4n author: Löscher, Thomas title: Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases date: 2009-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022176-hprwqi4n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022176-hprwqi4n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022176-hprwqi4n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004211-58x3nnsc author: Javelle, Emilie title: The challenging management of Rift Valley Fever in humans: literature review of the clinical disease and algorithm proposal date: 2020-01-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004211-58x3nnsc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004211-58x3nnsc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-004211-58x3nnsc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-020544-kc52thr8 author: Bradt, David A. title: Technical Annexes date: 2019-12-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-020544-kc52thr8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-020544-kc52thr8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-020544-kc52thr8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-103545-2v89ku4o author: Bellos, Ioannis title: Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2: A meta-analysis date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-103545-2v89ku4o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-103545-2v89ku4o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-103545-2v89ku4o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018917-7px75s3c author: Hopkins, Richard S. title: Informatics in Disease Prevention and Epidemiology date: 2013-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018917-7px75s3c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018917-7px75s3c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-018917-7px75s3c.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 15714 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018116-99z6ykb2 author: Healing, Tim title: Surveillance and Control of Communicable Disease in Conflicts and Disasters date: 2009 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018116-99z6ykb2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018116-99z6ykb2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018116-99z6ykb2.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 16131 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 16600 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 15834 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 15676 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 17341 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 17123 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253851-27nt0op8 author: Koh, David title: SARS: health care work can be hazardous to health date: 2003-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253851-27nt0op8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253851-27nt0op8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253851-27nt0op8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255814-k203h9jq author: Abou-Al-Shaar, Hussam title: The Undetermined Destiny of Case Reports in the Era of Sophisticated Medicine date: 2017-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255814-k203h9jq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255814-k203h9jq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255814-k203h9jq.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 17156 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 15314 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-200185-oz2x9a9s author: Agrawal, Shubhada title: City-Scale Agent-Based Simulators for the Study of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in the Context of the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-200185-oz2x9a9s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-200185-oz2x9a9s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-200185-oz2x9a9s.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 18091 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 18636 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 18656 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 18847 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 18011 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 18649 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007331-wccmeaep author: Orcutt, Connie J. title: Emergency and Critical Care of Ferrets date: 2017-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007331-wccmeaep.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007331-wccmeaep.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-007331-wccmeaep.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254955-q5gb4qkq author: Singh, B. P. title: Forecasting Novel Corona Positive Cases in Indiausing Truncated Information: A Mathematical Approach date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254955-q5gb4qkq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254955-q5gb4qkq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254955-q5gb4qkq.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 18662 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 18025 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016290-l592k753 author: Finke, Jürgen title: Hematology and Hemostasis date: 2008 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016290-l592k753.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016290-l592k753.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016290-l592k753.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006818-2lclcf1x author: Tibary, A. title: Reproductive emergencies in camelids date: 2008-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006818-2lclcf1x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006818-2lclcf1x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-006818-2lclcf1x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035351-3mv6x0w9 author: Boin, Arjen title: Guardians of Public Value: How Public Organizations Become and Remain Institutions date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035351-3mv6x0w9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035351-3mv6x0w9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-035351-3mv6x0w9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017634-zhmnfd1w author: Straif-Bourgeois, Susanne title: Infectious Disease Epidemiology date: 2005 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017634-zhmnfd1w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017634-zhmnfd1w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-017634-zhmnfd1w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254340-e1x0z3rh author: Cruz, Christian Joy Pattawi title: Exploring the young demographic profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong: Evidence from migration and travel history data date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262413-jm4qmpeg author: Mao, Suling title: Epidemiological analysis of 67 local COVID-19 clusters in Sichuan Province, China date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256553-iw5squ6n author: Neiva, Mariane Barros title: Brazil: the emerging epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256553-iw5squ6n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256553-iw5squ6n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256553-iw5squ6n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022034-o27mh4wz author: OLANO, JUAN P. title: Distinguishing Tropical Infectious Diseases from Bioterrorism date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022034-o27mh4wz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022034-o27mh4wz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-022034-o27mh4wz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010513-7p07efxo author: Daniels, Norman title: Resource Allocation and Priority Setting date: 2015-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010513-7p07efxo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010513-7p07efxo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 24 resourceName b'cord-010513-7p07efxo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018761-vm86d4mj author: Bradt, David A. title: Technical Annexes date: 2017-11-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018761-vm86d4mj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018761-vm86d4mj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018761-vm86d4mj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256995-itiz6mqv author: Christoffersen, S. title: The importance of microbiological testing for establishing cause of death in 42 forensic autopsies date: 2015-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256995-itiz6mqv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256995-itiz6mqv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256995-itiz6mqv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259126-5d4p8woi author: Pinotti, Francesco title: Tracing and analysis of 288 early SARS-CoV-2 infections outside China: A modeling study date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259126-5d4p8woi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259126-5d4p8woi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259126-5d4p8woi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253256-909chgl0 author: Bajwa, Sukhminder Jit Singh title: Peri-operative and critical care concerns in coronavirus pandemic date: 2020-03-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253256-909chgl0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253256-909chgl0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253256-909chgl0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 author: Xu, Liyan title: Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Antiepidemic Policies and Global Situation Assessment of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269457-i02brfzr author: Kabba, Mustapha S. title: Gossypiboma with perforation of the umbilicus mimicking a complicated urachal cyst: a case report date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269457-i02brfzr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269457-i02brfzr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269457-i02brfzr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260299-0blol7to author: Karadag, Engin title: Increase in COVID‐19 cases and case‐fatality and case‐recovery rates in Europe: A cross‐temporal meta‐analysis date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260299-0blol7to.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260299-0blol7to.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-260299-0blol7to.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 22118 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 21974 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 22083 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 22210 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 22206 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264037-43yr6qon author: Kang, Yun-Jung title: Lessons Learned From Cases of COVID-19 Infection in South Korea date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264037-43yr6qon.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264037-43yr6qon.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264037-43yr6qon.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264486-o01s0upf author: Du, Wenjun title: Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children compared with adults in Shandong Province, China date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264486-o01s0upf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264486-o01s0upf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-264486-o01s0upf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273573-a9inlk96 author: Jaeger, Gry title: Haemorrhagic pneumonia in sled dogs caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus - one fatality and two full recoveries: a case report date: 2013-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273573-a9inlk96.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273573-a9inlk96.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273573-a9inlk96.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018110-mcw4v13c author: Arnold, Andreas title: Inner Ear date: 2010 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018110-mcw4v13c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018110-mcw4v13c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-018110-mcw4v13c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266077-l13wv186 author: Shenoy-Bhangle, Anuradha S title: Prospective Analysis of Radiology Resource Utilization and Outcomes for Participation in Oncology Multidisciplinary Conferences date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266077-l13wv186.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266077-l13wv186.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266077-l13wv186.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282561-t1edr9gp author: Gershengorn, Hayley B. title: Pre-Procedural Screening for COVID-19 with Nasopharyngeal Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282561-t1edr9gp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282561-t1edr9gp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282561-t1edr9gp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262646-64ldtrjf author: Chuang, Pei-Hung title: A dynamic estimation of the daily cumulative cases during infectious disease surveillance: application to dengue fever date: 2010-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262646-64ldtrjf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262646-64ldtrjf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262646-64ldtrjf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023186-gqltd6u0 author: nan title: Poster Sessions date: 2019-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023186-gqltd6u0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023186-gqltd6u0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-023186-gqltd6u0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280394-v2pwvst7 author: Ma, Lin-Lu title: Developments, Evolution, and Implications of National Diagnostic Criteria for COVID-19 in China date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280394-v2pwvst7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280394-v2pwvst7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280394-v2pwvst7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283294-fvhq8yud author: Skalet, Alison H. title: Considerations for the Management and Triage of Ocular Oncology Cases during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283294-fvhq8yud.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283294-fvhq8yud.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283294-fvhq8yud.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253542-twn07poq author: Nikolay, Birgit title: Evaluating Hospital-Based Surveillance for Outbreak Detection in Bangladesh: Analysis of Healthcare Utilization Data date: 2017-01-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253542-twn07poq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253542-twn07poq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253542-twn07poq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264266-6xvj9zey author: Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra title: COVID-19 in India: Are Biological and Environmental Factors Helping to Stem the Incidence and Severity? date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264266-6xvj9zey.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264266-6xvj9zey.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264266-6xvj9zey.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288389-z0sz1msj author: Fanoy, Ewout B title: Travel-related MERS-CoV cases: an assessment of exposures and risk factors in a group of Dutch travellers returning from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, May 2014 date: 2014-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288389-z0sz1msj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288389-z0sz1msj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288389-z0sz1msj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282530-55lhjfm8 author: Carsana, Luca title: Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282530-55lhjfm8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282530-55lhjfm8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282530-55lhjfm8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273913-xem3alih author: Marraha, Farah title: A Review of the Dermatological Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273913-xem3alih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273913-xem3alih.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273913-xem3alih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262787-3a3c8ee1 author: Ray, Debashree title: Predictions, role of interventions and effects of a historic national lockdown in India's response to the COVID-19 pandemic: data science call to arms date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286477-0euaaspo author: Li, Xiaochen title: Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan date: 2020-04-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283399-iz4l9i0d author: O’Gorman, C. title: Human metapneumovirus in adults: a short case series date: 2006-03-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283399-iz4l9i0d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283399-iz4l9i0d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283399-iz4l9i0d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262623-lmf2h6oc author: Light, R. Bruce title: Plagues in the ICU: A Brief History of Community-Acquired Epidemic and Endemic Transmissible Infections Leading to Intensive Care Admission date: 2009-01-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 24283 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 26289 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 26185 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 26208 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 26221 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262104-oig3qrr7 author: Brüssow, Harald title: COVID‐19: Test, Trace and Isolate‐New Epidemiological Data date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 26518 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291307-71s44kbs author: Malhotra, Rajesh title: Conducting orthopaedic practical examination during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291307-71s44kbs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291307-71s44kbs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291307-71s44kbs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291363-re45w37d author: Sanville, Bradley title: A Community Transmitted Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to SARS CoV2 in the United States date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291363-re45w37d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291363-re45w37d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291363-re45w37d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261256-iwdusvrw author: Gandolfi, Alberto title: Planning of school teaching during Covid-19 date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261256-iwdusvrw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261256-iwdusvrw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261256-iwdusvrw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288052-qfjet2sa author: Paparini, Sara title: Case study research for better evaluations of complex interventions: rationale and challenges date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288052-qfjet2sa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288052-qfjet2sa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288052-qfjet2sa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284017-1fz90e3k author: Henríquez, Josefa title: The first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285002-jv91qwjg author: Borthakur, Arijitt title: Radiology Extenders: Impact on Throughput and Accuracy for Routine Chest Radiographs date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285002-jv91qwjg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285002-jv91qwjg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-285002-jv91qwjg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275978-pezm1tnw author: Riccardo, Flavia title: Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Italy and estimates of the reproductive numbers one month into the epidemic date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275978-pezm1tnw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275978-pezm1tnw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-275978-pezm1tnw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283749-j4600733 author: Itoyama, Satoru title: ACE1 polymorphism and progression of SARS date: 2004-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283749-j4600733.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283749-j4600733.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-283749-j4600733.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293430-h4r0jpy5 author: Wang, Tsung-Hsi title: Unexplained Deaths and Critical Illnesses of Suspected Infectious Cause, Taiwan, 2000–2005 date: 2008-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293430-h4r0jpy5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293430-h4r0jpy5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293430-h4r0jpy5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255140-3dwqqgv1 author: Christian, Michael D. title: Biowarfare and Bioterrorism date: 2013-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255140-3dwqqgv1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255140-3dwqqgv1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255140-3dwqqgv1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296229-pkwxlydz author: Liu, Yang title: The contribution of pre-symptomatic infection to the transmission dynamics of COVID-2019 date: 2020-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296229-pkwxlydz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296229-pkwxlydz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296229-pkwxlydz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294118-tm2kesum author: Lemos, Daniele Rocha Queiros title: Health system collapse 45 days after the detection of COVID-19 in Ceará, Northeast Brazil: a preliminary analysis date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294118-tm2kesum.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294118-tm2kesum.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294118-tm2kesum.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292719-n5lg43tr author: Chang, Luan-Yin title: Viral infections associated with Kawasaki disease date: 2014-02-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292719-n5lg43tr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292719-n5lg43tr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-292719-n5lg43tr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279539-s2zv7hr4 author: Narayanan, C. S. title: Modeling the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279539-s2zv7hr4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279539-s2zv7hr4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279539-s2zv7hr4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288676-wycj1imc author: Saini, Varinder title: Case Finding Strategies under National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288676-wycj1imc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288676-wycj1imc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288676-wycj1imc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290116-ytpofa7b author: Sujath, R. title: A machine learning forecasting model for COVID-19 pandemic in India date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290116-ytpofa7b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290116-ytpofa7b.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-290116-ytpofa7b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277173-zdft23q8 author: Cauchemez, Simon title: Methods to infer transmission risk factors in complex outbreak data date: 2012-03-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277173-zdft23q8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277173-zdft23q8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-277173-zdft23q8.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 28184 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 28463 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287520-51kmd2ds author: Carneiro, Arie title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urologist’s clinical practice in Brazil: a management guideline proposal for low- and middle-income countries during the crisis period date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287520-51kmd2ds.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287520-51kmd2ds.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287520-51kmd2ds.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283979-1dn7at6k author: Portillo, Aránzazu title: Arthropods as vectors of transmissible diseases in Spain() date: 2018-12-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283979-1dn7at6k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283979-1dn7at6k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283979-1dn7at6k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290206-fmy4zrim author: Lim, Jue Tao title: The Costs of an Expanded Screening Criteria for COVID-19: A Modelling Study date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290206-fmy4zrim.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290206-fmy4zrim.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290206-fmy4zrim.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293167-3bd3adip author: Nepal, Gaurav title: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293167-3bd3adip.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293167-3bd3adip.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293167-3bd3adip.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290133-4ou7ubb4 author: Weiss, Martin M. title: Rethinking Smallpox date: 2004-12-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290133-4ou7ubb4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290133-4ou7ubb4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290133-4ou7ubb4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296081-6coxz3l8 author: SOURIS, M. title: COVID-19: Spatial Analysis of Hospital Case-Fatality Rate in France date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296081-6coxz3l8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296081-6coxz3l8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296081-6coxz3l8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288770-hquc2v2c author: Gupta, Rajan title: A Comprehensive Analysis of COVID-19 Outbreak situation in India date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288770-hquc2v2c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288770-hquc2v2c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288770-hquc2v2c.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 29684 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 29737 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 29828 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 29736 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30027 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 28519 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 29744 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292709-4hn55wui author: Nor, Mohd Basri Mat title: Pneumonia in the tropics: Report from the Task Force on tropical diseases by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine date: 2017-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292709-4hn55wui.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292709-4hn55wui.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292709-4hn55wui.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30815 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30864 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31122 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30135 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284810-fs5rx07q author: Blasius, Bernd title: Power-law distribution in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284810-fs5rx07q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284810-fs5rx07q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284810-fs5rx07q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303657-o66rchhw author: El Qadmiry, M. title: On the true numbers of COVID-19 infections: behind the available data date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303657-o66rchhw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303657-o66rchhw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303657-o66rchhw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293315-kx4x2g24 author: Colmenero, I. title: SARS‐CoV‐2 endothelial infection causes COVID‐19 chilblains: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultraestructural study of 7 paediatric cases date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293315-kx4x2g24.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293315-kx4x2g24.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293315-kx4x2g24.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312615-q333qgps author: Knobbe, Rebecca B title: Pathogens Causing Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Less Than 5 Years of Age in Senegal date: 2019-12-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312615-q333qgps.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312615-q333qgps.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-312615-q333qgps.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295513-q5f8d0ig author: Zhao, Pengcheng title: A Comparison of Infection Venues of COVID-19 Case Clusters in Northeast China date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309909-60nrhl3t author: Brumit, Ryan title: Surgical Case Deferment During a Global Pandemic date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309909-60nrhl3t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309909-60nrhl3t.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309909-60nrhl3t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310288-onr700ue author: Sciubba, Daniel M. title: Scoring system to triage patients for spine surgery in the setting of limited resources: Application to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310288-onr700ue.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310288-onr700ue.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310288-onr700ue.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310144-s25do8cb author: Lara-Reyna, Jacques title: “Staying Home” - Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310144-s25do8cb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310144-s25do8cb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310144-s25do8cb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279330-vy0ohgia author: Adamik, B. title: Estimation of the severeness rate, death rate, household attack rate and the total number of COVID-19 cases based on 16 115 Polish surveillance records date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279330-vy0ohgia.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279330-vy0ohgia.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279330-vy0ohgia.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283215-dgysimh5 author: Al-Jabir, Ahmed title: Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation) date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283215-dgysimh5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283215-dgysimh5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-283215-dgysimh5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300570-xes201g7 author: Patwardhan, J. title: PREDICTIONS FOR EUROPE FOR THE COVID-19 PANDEMICAFTER LOCKDOWN WAS LIFTED USING AN SIR MODEL date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300570-xes201g7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300570-xes201g7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300570-xes201g7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311439-y9jwu38r author: Bao, Changjun title: Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans: indirect evidence from an outbreak in China date: 2007-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311439-y9jwu38r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311439-y9jwu38r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311439-y9jwu38r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302774-ekw2oxw2 author: Lin, Gary title: Explaining the Bomb-Like Dynamics of COVID-19 with Modeling and the Implications for Policy date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292490-djp9onk5 author: Verma, V. R. title: Projecting Demand-Supply Gap of Hospital Capacity in India in the face of COVID-19 pandemic using Age-Structured Deterministic SEIR model date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300583-0krbrj4w author: Koh, Wee Chian title: Estimating the impact of physical distancing measures in containing COVID-19: an empirical analysis date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300583-0krbrj4w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300583-0krbrj4w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300583-0krbrj4w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017016-twwa9djm author: Tomashefski, Joseph F. title: Aspiration, Bronchial Obstruction, Bronchiectasis, and Related Disorders date: 2008 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017016-twwa9djm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017016-twwa9djm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017016-twwa9djm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017012-yl0vanuh author: Herberg, Jethro title: Infectious Diseases and the Kidney date: 2009 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017012-yl0vanuh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017012-yl0vanuh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-017012-yl0vanuh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314120-zp9k1k3z author: Brunner, Carolyn M. title: Clinical and immunologic studies in identical twins discordant for systemic lupus erythematosus date: 1973-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314120-zp9k1k3z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314120-zp9k1k3z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314120-zp9k1k3z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314368-p5ecpcll author: Fu, Haiyan title: Analysis on the Clinical Characteristics of 36 Cases of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Kunming date: 2020-03-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314368-p5ecpcll.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314368-p5ecpcll.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314368-p5ecpcll.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303703-ekhwb5xb author: Mash, Bob title: Primary care management of the coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302842-idbmh1uo author: Raza, Ali title: Association between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297884-a6yrtuwf author: Burke, R. M. title: Enhanced Contact Investigations for Nine Early Travel-Related Cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307834-shmpfnrj author: Massad, Eduardo title: Two complementary model-based methods for calculating the risk of international spreading of a novel virus from the outbreak epicentre. The case of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307834-shmpfnrj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307834-shmpfnrj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-307834-shmpfnrj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311479-8pjoz64q author: He, Daihai title: The relative transmissibility of asymptomatic cases among close contacts date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311479-8pjoz64q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311479-8pjoz64q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311479-8pjoz64q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308680-moligska author: Wong, Justin title: Epidemiological Investigation of the First 135 COVID-19 Cases in Brunei: Implications for Surveillance, Control, and Travel Restrictions date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308680-moligska.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308680-moligska.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-308680-moligska.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259984-csdf1a69 author: Raffiq, Azman title: COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Neurosurgery Practice in Malaysia: Academic Insights, Clinical Experience and Protocols from March till August 2020 date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298086-pbfi5c8e author: Lyngse, F. P. title: COVID-19 Transmission Within Danish Households: A Nationwide Study from Lockdown to Reopening date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298086-pbfi5c8e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298086-pbfi5c8e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-298086-pbfi5c8e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312267-0tb08b0z author: Freitas, A. S. title: New S.I.R. model used in the projection of COVID 19 cases in Brazil date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312267-0tb08b0z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312267-0tb08b0z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-312267-0tb08b0z.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 34394 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316959-iua8c4hy author: Zia, Kashif title: COVID-19 Outbreak in Oman: Model-Driven Impact Analysis and Challenges date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316959-iua8c4hy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316959-iua8c4hy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316959-iua8c4hy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309476-hel3h25h author: Brown, Julianne R. title: Encephalitis diagnosis using metagenomics: application of next generation sequencing for undiagnosed cases date: 2018-01-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309476-hel3h25h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309476-hel3h25h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-309476-hel3h25h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316006-t080mykk author: Kong, Dechuan title: Clusters of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) cases in Chinese tour groups date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316006-t080mykk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316006-t080mykk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316006-t080mykk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304084-ervaxqph author: Chang, Luan-Yin title: Status of Cellular Rather Than Humoral Immunity is Correlated with Clinical Outcome of Enterovirus 71 date: 2006 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304084-ervaxqph.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304084-ervaxqph.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304084-ervaxqph.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323672-s0jfadyp author: Gökçe, Şule title: Corrigendum to “A Rare Cause of Childhood Cerebellitis-Influenza Infection: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature” date: 2018-02-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323672-s0jfadyp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323672-s0jfadyp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-323672-s0jfadyp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323591-8r30lsq8 author: Martinez, Edson Zangiacomi title: Long-term forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic: a dangerous idea date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323591-8r30lsq8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323591-8r30lsq8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323591-8r30lsq8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018714-i291z2ju author: Criado, Paulo Ricardo title: Adverse Drug Reactions date: 2016-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018714-i291z2ju.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018714-i291z2ju.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-018714-i291z2ju.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305498-8tmtvw1r author: Singh Saraj, K. title: Modification of Neurosurgical Practice during Corona Pandemic: Our Experience at AIIMS Patna And Long Term Guidelines date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305498-8tmtvw1r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305498-8tmtvw1r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305498-8tmtvw1r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314851-de6kyjup author: Chen, Peng title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 cases of COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314851-de6kyjup.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314851-de6kyjup.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314851-de6kyjup.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304820-q3de7r1p author: Griette, P. title: Clarifying predictions for COVID-19 from testing data: the example of New-York State date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304820-q3de7r1p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304820-q3de7r1p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304820-q3de7r1p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315490-xs5v3uc3 author: Kessler, Remi A. title: Neurosurgical management of brain and spine tumors in the COVID-19 era: an institutional experience from the epicenter of the pandemic date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304798-j2tyjo1j author: Rapkiewicz, Amy V. title: Megakaryocytes and platelet-fibrin thrombi characterize multi-organ thrombosis at autopsy in COVID-19: A case series date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313420-ubm8j1xe author: Wang, Pengfei title: Severe air pollution events not avoided by reduced anthropogenic activities during COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313420-ubm8j1xe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313420-ubm8j1xe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313420-ubm8j1xe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322986-fwm7rfps author: Ng, Boon Hau title: Silicone pneumonitis after gluteal filler: a case report and literature review date: 2020-02-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322986-fwm7rfps.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322986-fwm7rfps.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322986-fwm7rfps.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312911-nqq87d0m author: Zou, D. title: Epidemic Model Guided Machine Learning for COVID-19 Forecasts in the United States date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312911-nqq87d0m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312911-nqq87d0m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312911-nqq87d0m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320385-myiuhxdb author: Peña, Laura title: Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in lymphoid tissues of the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) date: 2006-04-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320385-myiuhxdb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320385-myiuhxdb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320385-myiuhxdb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318340-hptjqmrl author: Xiang, Nijuan title: Lessons from an active surveillance pilot to assess the pneumonia of unknown etiology surveillance system in China, 2016: the need to increase clinician participation in the detection and reporting of emerging respiratory infectious diseases date: 2019-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318340-hptjqmrl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318340-hptjqmrl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318340-hptjqmrl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306340-fmgsp615 author: Mu, Di title: CFD investigation on the effects of wind and thermal wall-flow on pollutant transmission in a high-rise building date: 2018-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306340-fmgsp615.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306340-fmgsp615.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-306340-fmgsp615.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321104-0rk1ef53 author: Etchenique, R. title: Estimate of the actual number of COVID-19 cases from the analysis of deaths. date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321104-0rk1ef53.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321104-0rk1ef53.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-321104-0rk1ef53.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315609-naqo1m0r author: Prayuenyong, Pattarawadee title: Clinical Implications of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Ototoxicity for COVID-19 Treatment: A Mini-Review date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315609-naqo1m0r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315609-naqo1m0r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-315609-naqo1m0r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304317-ad3tct5b author: Pinotti, Francesco title: Lessons learnt from 288 COVID-19 international cases: importations over time, effect of interventions, underdetection of imported cases date: 2020-02-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304317-ad3tct5b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304317-ad3tct5b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304317-ad3tct5b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312065-nqy7m38f author: Peng, Philip W. H. title: Infection control and anesthesia: Lessons learned from the Toronto SARS outbreak date: 2003 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312065-nqy7m38f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312065-nqy7m38f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312065-nqy7m38f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319837-5avoulan author: Raman, Eshwara V. title: Pediatric Airway Surgeries in COVID 19 Era date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319837-5avoulan.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319837-5avoulan.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319837-5avoulan.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322525-22bt6zv8 author: Gorges, Rebecca J. title: Staffing Levels and COVID‐19 Cases and Outbreaks in US Nursing Homes date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322525-22bt6zv8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322525-22bt6zv8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322525-22bt6zv8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318012-bg9y2nsp author: Cantais, Aymeric title: Epidemiology and microbiological investigations of community-acquired pneumonia in children admitted at the emergency department of a university hospital date: 2014-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318012-bg9y2nsp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318012-bg9y2nsp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318012-bg9y2nsp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315466-74m7cur3 author: Plank, M. J. title: Potential reduction in transmission of COVID-19 by digital contact tracing systems date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315466-74m7cur3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315466-74m7cur3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315466-74m7cur3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323074-u3bs5sj0 author: Garcia, L. P. title: ESTIMATING UNDERDIAGNOSIS OF COVID-19 WITH NOWCASTING AND MACHINE LEARNING: EXPERIENCE FROM BRAZIL date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317512-kx0u9955 author: Karaye, Ibraheem M. title: The Impact of Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 in the U.S.: An Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317512-kx0u9955.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317512-kx0u9955.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317512-kx0u9955.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319323-1qt7vf59 author: Chakraborty, Amartya title: Around the world in 60 days: an exploratory study of impact of COVID-19 on online global news sentiment date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319323-1qt7vf59.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319323-1qt7vf59.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319323-1qt7vf59.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324518-a346cjx4 author: Zhang, Zhibin title: The outbreak pattern of the SARS cases in Asia date: 2004 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324518-a346cjx4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324518-a346cjx4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324518-a346cjx4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321819-lqyo9px1 author: Chaw, Liling title: Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Different Settings, Brunei date: 2020-11-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321819-lqyo9px1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321819-lqyo9px1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-321819-lqyo9px1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322799-opf1qwgl author: Hiremath, Channabasavaraj Shivalingaiah title: IACTS guidelines: practice of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322235-ttjja4r2 author: Kahambing, Jan Gresil S. title: Stigma, Exclusion, and Mental Health during COVID19: 2 Cases from the Philippines date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322235-ttjja4r2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322235-ttjja4r2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322235-ttjja4r2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326929-ytix4l1o author: Samillan, V. J. title: Environmental and climatic impact on the infection and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 in Peru date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326929-ytix4l1o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326929-ytix4l1o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326929-ytix4l1o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323705-n2rec4i8 author: Varatharaj, Aravinthan title: Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323705-n2rec4i8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323705-n2rec4i8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323705-n2rec4i8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337878-hiylqqie author: Namasivayam, Abirami title: Atypical case of COVID-19 in a critically unwell 5-week old infant date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337878-hiylqqie.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337878-hiylqqie.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-337878-hiylqqie.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332086-hnn00byf author: Dolgikh, S. title: Identifying Explosive Cases with Unsupervised Machine Learning date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332086-hnn00byf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332086-hnn00byf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332086-hnn00byf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331830-vr2eqsbq author: Sawalha, Khalid title: Systematic Review of COVID-19 Related Myocarditis: Insights on Management and Outcome date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331830-vr2eqsbq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331830-vr2eqsbq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331830-vr2eqsbq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328921-trwggffp author: Hoz, Samer S. title: Neurosurgery in Iraq at the Time of Corona date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328921-trwggffp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328921-trwggffp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328921-trwggffp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327096-m87tapjp author: Peng, Liangrong title: Epidemic analysis of COVID-19 in China by dynamical modeling date: 2020-02-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327096-m87tapjp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327096-m87tapjp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327096-m87tapjp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327301-5eko4htz author: Li, Yang title: Chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in preschool children: a retrospective study date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327301-5eko4htz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327301-5eko4htz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327301-5eko4htz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333928-boq65pci author: Lee, Jia‐Jung title: Review of the present features and the infection control challenges of COVID‐19 pandemic in dialysis facilities date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333928-boq65pci.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333928-boq65pci.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333928-boq65pci.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334521-sa0eyzq7 author: Ramos-Fresnedo, Andres title: Neurosurgical Interactive Teaching Series: A Multidisciplinary Educational Approach date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334521-sa0eyzq7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334521-sa0eyzq7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334521-sa0eyzq7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318058-s8vvfejn author: Bellido-Blasco, J.B. title: Epidemiology of Infectious Diarrhea date: 2011-03-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318058-s8vvfejn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318058-s8vvfejn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318058-s8vvfejn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340027-6l55rcfm author: Mamode Khan, Naushad title: Studying the trend of the novel coronavirus series in Mauritius and its implications date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340027-6l55rcfm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340027-6l55rcfm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340027-6l55rcfm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338123-4pshh5ov author: nan title: SARS Alert Applicability date: 2004-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338123-4pshh5ov.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338123-4pshh5ov.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338123-4pshh5ov.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320636-mvtux07x author: Pullano, G. title: Underdetection of COVID-19 cases in France in the exit phase following lockdown date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320636-mvtux07x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320636-mvtux07x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320636-mvtux07x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329739-wm5xho2o author: Hanna, Fikry title: Multiple myelomas in cats date: 2005-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329739-wm5xho2o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329739-wm5xho2o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329739-wm5xho2o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330198-pwkxgbxk author: Cai, Xiaofang title: Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320666-cmqj8get author: Walach, H. title: What association do political interventions, environmental and health variables have with the number of Covid-19 cases and deaths? A linear modeling approach date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320666-cmqj8get.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320666-cmqj8get.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320666-cmqj8get.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309108-ulvnn3we author: Perdana, Tomy title: Scenarios for handling the impact of COVID-19 based on food supply network through regional food hubs under uncertainty date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309108-ulvnn3we.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309108-ulvnn3we.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309108-ulvnn3we.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345623-ba3we97o author: BOELLE, Pierre-Yves title: Excess cases of Influenza like illnesses in France synchronous with COVID19 invasion. date: 2020-03-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345623-ba3we97o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345623-ba3we97o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345623-ba3we97o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347248-6scdvu1d author: Ge, Yang title: Estimation of Coronavirus Disease Case-Fatality Risk in Real Time date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347248-6scdvu1d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347248-6scdvu1d.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347248-6scdvu1d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324405-6uanhe2p author: Burke, Rachel M. title: Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324405-6uanhe2p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324405-6uanhe2p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324405-6uanhe2p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342774-zjpi34up author: Pennisi, M.G. title: Case Report of Leishmaniasis in Four Cats date: 2004 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342774-zjpi34up.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342774-zjpi34up.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342774-zjpi34up.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332314-nukv34fh author: Bartoszek, Krzysztof title: Are official confirmed cases and fatalities counts good enough to study the COVID-19 pandemic dynamics? A critical assessment through the case of Italy date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332314-nukv34fh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332314-nukv34fh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-332314-nukv34fh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341639-a8ig607t author: Hellewell, Joel title: Feasibility of controlling 2019-nCoV outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts date: 2020-02-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341639-a8ig607t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341639-a8ig607t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341639-a8ig607t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341187-jqesw4e8 author: Yu, Xinhua title: Modeling Return of the Epidemic: Impact of Population Structure, Asymptomatic Infection, Case Importation and Personal Contacts date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341187-jqesw4e8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341187-jqesw4e8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341187-jqesw4e8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333226-o23da4x2 author: Wang, Yuke title: Strongly Heterogeneous Transmission of COVID-19 in Mainland China: Local and Regional Variation date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333226-o23da4x2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333226-o23da4x2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333226-o23da4x2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348494-yx11ucrb author: Ali, Kamran title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and management of aerosol-generating procedures in dentistry date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348494-yx11ucrb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348494-yx11ucrb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348494-yx11ucrb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338830-h2nrw374 author: Gong, Xiaohuan title: Three infection clusters related with potential pre-symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Shanghai, China, January to February 2020 date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338830-h2nrw374.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338830-h2nrw374.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338830-h2nrw374.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343042-9mue4eiv author: Bertozzi, Giuseppe title: Mistrial or Misdiagnosis: The Importance of Autopsy and Histopathological Examination in Cases of Sudden Infant Bronchiolitis-Related Death date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343042-9mue4eiv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343042-9mue4eiv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343042-9mue4eiv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022147-istz1iql author: nan title: Procedures to Investigate Waterborne Illness date: 2016-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022147-istz1iql.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022147-istz1iql.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-022147-istz1iql.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010027-r0tl01kq author: nan title: Dublin Pathology 2015. 8th Joint Meeting of the British Division of the International Academy of Pathology and the Pathological Society of Great Britain & Ireland date: 2015-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010027-r0tl01kq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010027-r0tl01kq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-010027-r0tl01kq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337789-pabaoiqs author: Oprinca, George-Călin title: Postmortem examination of three SARS-CoV-2-positive autopsies including histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337789-pabaoiqs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337789-pabaoiqs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337789-pabaoiqs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337360-3fuuqbyq author: Machery, Edouard title: Responses to Herman Cappelen and Jennifer Nado date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337360-3fuuqbyq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337360-3fuuqbyq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-337360-3fuuqbyq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351930-puhm3w42 author: Juan, J. title: Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Maternal, Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes: a Systematic Review of 266 Pregnancies date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351930-puhm3w42.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351930-puhm3w42.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-351930-puhm3w42.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347353-ll2pnl81 author: Saberi, M. title: Accounting for underreporting in mathematical modelling of transmission and control of COVID-19 in Iran date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347353-ll2pnl81.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347353-ll2pnl81.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347353-ll2pnl81.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320953-1st77mvh author: Overton, ChristopherE. title: Using statistics and mathematical modelling to understand infectious disease outbreaks: COVID-19 as an example date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320953-1st77mvh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320953-1st77mvh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320953-1st77mvh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337219-d81v8b4j author: Cheong, Chang Heon title: Case Study of Airborne Pathogen Dispersion Patterns in Emergency Departments with Different Ventilation and Partition Conditions date: 2018-03-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337219-d81v8b4j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337219-d81v8b4j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337219-d81v8b4j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345019-i7zm9bt1 author: Al-Waleedi, Ali Ahmed title: The first 2 months of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Yemen: Analysis of the surveillance data date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345019-i7zm9bt1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345019-i7zm9bt1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345019-i7zm9bt1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349197-3trr8d0u author: Ventura, Francesco title: Two Fatal Cases of Hidden Pneumonia in Young People date: 2010-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349197-3trr8d0u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349197-3trr8d0u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-349197-3trr8d0u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347323-lmgn3626 author: Howe, James R. title: COVID-19 Guideline Modifications as CMS Announces “Opening Up America Again”: Comments from the Society of Surgical Oncology date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347323-lmgn3626.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347323-lmgn3626.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347323-lmgn3626.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346583-2w39qsld author: Valev, D. title: Relationships of total COVID-19 cases and deaths with ten demographic, economic and social indicators date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346583-2w39qsld.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346583-2w39qsld.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346583-2w39qsld.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326584-io2f52kn author: Killeen, G. title: Why lockdown? Simplified arithmetic tools for decision-makers, health professionals, journalists and the general public to explore containment options for the novel coronavirus date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326584-io2f52kn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326584-io2f52kn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-326584-io2f52kn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346247-5jwbg6bc author: Awasthi, Amit title: Statistical interpretation of environmental influencing parameters on COVID-19 during the lockdown in Delhi, India date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327005-7zgolyqf author: Zhang, Lan title: Clinical Features of 33 Cases in Children Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Anhui Province, China–A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327005-7zgolyqf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327005-7zgolyqf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327005-7zgolyqf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353786-284qn075 author: Chen, Zhi-Min title: Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus date: 2020-02-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353786-284qn075.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353786-284qn075.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353786-284qn075.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348999-989vojgu author: Boddington, N. L. title: COVID-19 in Great Britain: epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first few hundred (FF100) cases: a descriptive case series and case control analysis date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348999-989vojgu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348999-989vojgu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348999-989vojgu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352635-yrq58n4k author: Teles, Pedro title: PREDICTING THE EVOLUTION OF COVID-19 IN PORTUGAL USING AN ADAPTED SIR MODEL PREVIOUSLY USED IN SOUTH KOREA FOR THE MERS OUTBREAK date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352635-yrq58n4k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352635-yrq58n4k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352635-yrq58n4k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342012-1w3x0g42 author: Wu, Joseph T. title: Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342012-1w3x0g42.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342012-1w3x0g42.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342012-1w3x0g42.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343234-ps12f9jq author: Levallois, P. title: Risk of Infectious Gastroenteritis in Young Children Living in Québec Rural Areas with Intensive Animal Farming: Results of a Case–Control Study (2004–2007) date: 2013-02-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343234-ps12f9jq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343234-ps12f9jq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343234-ps12f9jq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331666-iwkuwnun author: Schweitzer, Wolf title: Implications for forensic death investigations from first Swiss post-mortem CT in a case of non-hospital treatment with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331666-iwkuwnun.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331666-iwkuwnun.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331666-iwkuwnun.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339009-wcoch07b author: File, Thomas M. title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Pertinent Clinical Characteristics and Therapy date: 2012-08-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339009-wcoch07b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339009-wcoch07b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339009-wcoch07b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349238-qfvm883x author: Maponga, Brian A title: Risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, 2011: a case control study date: 2013-12-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349238-qfvm883x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349238-qfvm883x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-349238-qfvm883x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349217-vpih1wvs author: Petropoulos, Fotios title: Forecasting the novel coronavirus COVID-19 date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349217-vpih1wvs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349217-vpih1wvs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349217-vpih1wvs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342303-ddulfe06 author: Ismael, Julia title: Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 and cancer: consensus from scientific societies in Argentina date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349978-zklwovba author: Jombart, Thibaut title: Inferring the number of COVID-19 cases from recently reported deaths date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349978-zklwovba.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349978-zklwovba.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349978-zklwovba.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323769-2a8cbuh2 author: Boshoff, Willem H. title: South African competition policy on excessive pricing and its relation to price gouging during the COVID‐19 disaster period date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323769-2a8cbuh2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323769-2a8cbuh2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323769-2a8cbuh2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355480-mx9dbm73 author: Bajunirwe, Francis title: Long distance truck drivers and the increasing risk of COVID-19 spread in Uganda date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355480-mx9dbm73.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355480-mx9dbm73.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355480-mx9dbm73.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336934-57kbz29c author: Kesteman, Thomas title: Investigating Pneumonia Etiology Among Refugees and the Lebanese population (PEARL): A study protocol date: 2019-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336934-57kbz29c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336934-57kbz29c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336934-57kbz29c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347375-5ucemm87 author: Sazzad, Hossain M.S. title: Nipah Virus Infection Outbreak with Nosocomial and Corpse-to-Human Transmission, Bangladesh date: 2013-02-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347375-5ucemm87.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347375-5ucemm87.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347375-5ucemm87.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347543-muon0kuu author: Bellido-Blasco, J. B. title: Epidemiology of Infectious Diarrhea date: 2011-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347543-muon0kuu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347543-muon0kuu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347543-muon0kuu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355309-nr8fwc8q author: Porten, Klaudia title: A super-spreading ewe infects hundreds with Q fever at a farmers' market in Germany date: 2006-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355309-nr8fwc8q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355309-nr8fwc8q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355309-nr8fwc8q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338466-7uvta990 author: Singh, Brijesh P. title: Modeling and forecasting the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in India and significance of lockdown: A mathematical outlook date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338466-7uvta990.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338466-7uvta990.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338466-7uvta990.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354821-t7400ru5 author: Hermanowicz, Slav W title: Simple model for Covid-19 epidemics - back-casting in China and forecasting in the US date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354821-t7400ru5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354821-t7400ru5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354821-t7400ru5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 author: nan title: Proceedings of the 26th European Paediatric Rheumatology Congress: part 2: Virtual. 23 - 26 September 2020 date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321194-xi4zy5ow author: Allam, Zaheer title: The Third 50 Days: A Detailed Chronological Timeline and Extensive Review of Literature Documenting the COVID-19 Pandemic From Day 100 to Day 150 date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351941-fgtatt40 author: Ghaffarzadegan, Navid title: Simulation‐based estimation of the early spread of COVID‐19 in Iran: actual versus confirmed cases date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351941-fgtatt40.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351941-fgtatt40.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351941-fgtatt40.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338819-wkb318sq author: Saez, Marc title: Effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants on the spatial spread of COVID-19 in Catalonia, Spain date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338819-wkb318sq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338819-wkb318sq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338819-wkb318sq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344008-h4kc04w0 author: Liang, Donghai title: Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351098-x729wpp7 author: Long, Rachel B. title: Characterizing trends in human-wildlife conflicts in the American Midwest using wildlife rehabilitation records date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351098-x729wpp7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351098-x729wpp7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351098-x729wpp7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015372-76xvzvdg author: nan title: National scientific medical meeting 1996 abstracts date: 1996 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347317-qcghtkk0 author: Russo, Lucia title: Tracing day-zero and forecasting the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: A compartmental modelling and numerical optimization approach date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347317-qcghtkk0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347317-qcghtkk0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347317-qcghtkk0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343897-f4imrltt author: Weimer, Louis H. title: Neuromuscular disorders in pregnancy date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343897-f4imrltt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343897-f4imrltt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343897-f4imrltt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349821-5ykwwq75 author: Ippolito, G. title: Biological weapons: Hospital preparedness to bioterrorism and other infectious disease emergencies date: 2006-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349821-5ykwwq75.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349821-5ykwwq75.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-349821-5ykwwq75.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355267-ndzgxk0k author: Kassa, Semu M. title: Analysis of the mitigation strategies for COVID-19: from mathematical modelling perspective date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347182-oj3v1x99 author: Catala, M. title: Robust estimation of diagnostic rate and real incidence of COVID-19 for European policymakers date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347182-oj3v1x99.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347182-oj3v1x99.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347182-oj3v1x99.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343962-12t247bn author: Cori, Anne title: Key data for outbreak evaluation: building on the Ebola experience date: 2017-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343962-12t247bn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343962-12t247bn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343962-12t247bn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-014712-5u4e00q6 author: nan title: Selected Abstracts from the 100th J Project Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, March 12-14, 2014 date: 2014-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-014712-5u4e00q6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-014712-5u4e00q6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-014712-5u4e00q6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022597-9b1a8cri author: nan title: Hematopoietic Tumors date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022597-9b1a8cri.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022597-9b1a8cri.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-022597-9b1a8cri.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326785-le2t1l8g author: nan title: Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 163rd meeting, 3–5 July 1991 date: 2005-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326785-le2t1l8g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326785-le2t1l8g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326785-le2t1l8g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022756-kdgo4rqb author: nan title: Hematopoietic Tumors date: 2012-11-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022756-kdgo4rqb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022756-kdgo4rqb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-022756-kdgo4rqb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009713-sxd4t2tz author: nan title: Poster Presentations date: 2020-01-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009713-sxd4t2tz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009713-sxd4t2tz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-009713-sxd4t2tz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325300-wawui0fd author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title: 4 Communicable Diseases date: 2000-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 10553 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005646-xhx9pzhj author: nan title: 2nd World Congress on Pediatric Intensive Care 1996 Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 23–26 June 1996 Abstracts of Oral Presentations, Posters and Nursing Programme date: 1996 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005881-oswgjaxz author: nan title: Abstracts: 11(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery May 15–18, 2010 Brussels, Belgium date: 2010 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015348-qt0worsl author: nan title: Abstract date: 2010-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015348-qt0worsl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015348-qt0worsl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-015348-qt0worsl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015369-72cjogxz author: nan title: 50th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery. Vienna, June 18–20, 2009. Guest Editors: Albert Tuchmann, Erhard Schwanzer, Benedikt Walzel date: 2009 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015369-72cjogxz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015369-72cjogxz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-015369-72cjogxz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015352-2d02eq3y author: nan title: ESPR 2017 date: 2017-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015352-2d02eq3y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015352-2d02eq3y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-015352-2d02eq3y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028721-x6f26ahr author: Nistal, Manuel title: Non-neoplastic diseases of the testis date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028721-x6f26ahr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028721-x6f26ahr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 23 resourceName b'cord-028721-x6f26ahr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p author: nan title: 2019 CIS Annual Meeting: Immune Deficiency & Dysregulation North American Conference date: 2019-02-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004675-n8mlxe7p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004675-n8mlxe7p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-004675-n8mlxe7p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005147-mvoq9vln author: nan title: Autorenregister date: 2017-02-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005147-mvoq9vln.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005147-mvoq9vln.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-005147-mvoq9vln.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015368-a0qz4tb9 author: nan title: 48th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery, Graz, June 7–9, 2007 date: 2007 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005816-i54q5gsu author: nan title: 10(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery: May 13–17, 2009 Antalya, Turkey date: 2009-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 47 resourceName b'cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms author: nan title: SPR 2012 date: 2012-03-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt cache: ./cache/cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 86671 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-019347-tj3ye1mx author: nan title: ABSTRACT BOOK date: 2010-02-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-019347-tj3ye1mx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-019347-tj3ye1mx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-019347-tj3ye1mx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022650-phsr10jp author: nan title: Abstracts TPS date: 2018-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022650-phsr10jp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022650-phsr10jp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 22 resourceName b'cord-022650-phsr10jp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005105-twsy61oq author: nan title: SIU 2015 Abstracts date: 2015-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005105-twsy61oq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005105-twsy61oq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 23 resourceName b'cord-005105-twsy61oq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021087-n4epxwn9 author: nan title: ECR – Final Programme: Scientific and Educational Exhibits date: 2004 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021087-n4epxwn9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021087-n4epxwn9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-021087-n4epxwn9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-014794-yppi30a0 author: nan title: 19th European Congress of Pathology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 6-11, 2003 date: 2003-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-014794-yppi30a0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-014794-yppi30a0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 12 resourceName b'cord-014794-yppi30a0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015359-gf32a6f1 author: nan title: B scientific sessions (SS) date: 2002 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015359-gf32a6f1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015359-gf32a6f1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 23 resourceName b'cord-015359-gf32a6f1.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes id: cord-006854-o2e5na78 author: nan title: Scientific Session of the 16th World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery, Jointly Hosted by Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) & Canadian Association of General Surgeons (CAGS), Seattle, Washington, USA, 11–14 April 2018: Poster Abstracts date: 2018-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006854-o2e5na78.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006854-o2e5na78.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 22 resourceName b'cord-006854-o2e5na78.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000718-7whai7nr author: nan title: ESP Abstracts 2012 date: 2012-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000718-7whai7nr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000718-7whai7nr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 26 resourceName b'cord-000718-7whai7nr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010119-t1x9gknd author: nan title: Abstract Presentations from the AABB Annual Meeting San Diego, CA ctober 7‐10, 2017 date: 2017-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010119-t1x9gknd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010119-t1x9gknd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 12 resourceName b'cord-010119-t1x9gknd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006849-vgjz74ts author: nan title: 27th International Congress of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Sevilla, Spain, 12–15 June 2019 date: 2019-09-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 25 resourceName b'cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-case-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006328-0tpj38vb author = Dass Hazarika, Rashna title = Invasive Meningococcal Infection: Analysis of 110 cases from a Tertiary Care Centre in North East India date = 2012-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3214 sentences = 201 flesch = 48 summary = OBJECTIVES: To report an outbreak of invasive meningococcal disease from Meghalaya, in the north east India, from January 2008 through June 2009. Fever was the most common manifestation (100 %) followed by meningeal signs (78.2 %), headache (56.4 %), vomiting (53.6 %), shock (38.2 %), low Glasgow coma scale (GCS) (25.5 %), purpura and rashes (23.6 %), seizures (9.1 %), abdominal symptoms (4.5 %), irritability and excessive crying (4.5 %) and bulging anterior fontanalle (23 %) in those below 18 mo of age. from Delhi reported that 67 % children had meningococcal meningitis, 20 % had meningococcemia and 13 % had both with mortality of 4.5 %, 25 % and 69 %, respectively [12] . Although Pollard RB [21] has reported that deafness has not been a common complication of meningococcal meningitis in the antibiotic era, there was one case with bilateral sensorineural hearing defect in the present study. cache = ./cache/cord-006328-0tpj38vb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006328-0tpj38vb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016290-l592k753 author = Finke, Jürgen title = Hematology and Hemostasis date = 2008 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11717 sentences = 1308 flesch = 39 summary = In patients previously exposed to heparin (< 100 days), reoccurrence within hours • Severe thrombocytopenia (platelets < 100,000/µl), median platelet count approximately 60,000/µl, rarely < 20,000/µl or decreased to < 50% of the initial count; worsening of thrombocytopenia if heparin treatment is continued • Thromboembolic complications up to 40 days after heparin administration • IgG antibodies mostly against the platelet factor 4 (PF4)-heparin complex → Immune complex formation → Platelet activation due to binding of the immune complex to the Fc receptor (Fcγ RIIA), PF4 release → Platelet aggregation, endothelial cell damage, thrombin activation → Thromboembolic complications ("white clot syndrome") Clinical relevance: HIT type II: • Main symptom: thrombophilia, not hemorrhage • Warning signs: exanthema or necrosis at injection site • High incidence (up to 53%) of venous and arterial thrombosis, renal dysfunction, pulmonary embolism, infarction (complications may occur weeks after discontinuation of heparin) cache = ./cache/cord-016290-l592k753.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016290-l592k753.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018110-mcw4v13c author = Arnold, Andreas title = Inner Ear date = 2010 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15854 sentences = 980 flesch = 46 summary = In the case of partial or no remission, prednisolone treatment should be continued orally for 16 days together with gastric proton pump inhibitors and additional haemodilutive/haemorheological infusion therapy together with α-lipoic acid should be administered as described for high-frequency idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss. Acute tinnitus due to noise-induced damage or acoustic trauma of the inner ear, idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (sudden deafness), acute attack of Ménière's disease, toxic labyrinthitis, rupture of the round window, perilymphatic fistula of the round or oval window, labyrinthine contusion or fractures of the temporal bone due to head trauma should be treated with a daily dose of 250-500 mg prednisolone intravenously on three consecutive days. cache = ./cache/cord-018110-mcw4v13c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018110-mcw4v13c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-103711-tnw82hbm author = Einian, Majid title = Modeling of COVID-19 Pandemic and Scenarios for Containment date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3868 sentences = 206 flesch = 56 summary = This note evaluates various scenarios, based on an estimation of number of identified and unidentified infected cases, and examines the effectiveness of different policy responses to contain this pandemic. Iran initially refused to quarantine the holy city of Qom, the source city of COVID-19 in Iran, and let the virus spread all over the country, and in a matter of a few weeks, all cities reported new cases of infected patients. Although the model is estimated for Iran, many countries are in similar stages of the pandemic or soon will be in the same stage and therefore, based on the results, extreme measures need to be adopted to save lives and stop further spread of the virus. is the (which was not peer-reviewed) The copyright holder for this preprint Figure 10 : Ending the shelter-in-place policy 30-days after the peak of scenario (v), assuming that intensive testing continues and social interaction diminishes by 25 percent. cache = ./cache/cord-103711-tnw82hbm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-103711-tnw82hbm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010027-r0tl01kq author = nan title = Dublin Pathology 2015. 8th Joint Meeting of the British Division of the International Academy of Pathology and the Pathological Society of Great Britain & Ireland date = 2015-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 36299 sentences = 2004 flesch = 47 summary = Further profiling of other T cell populations may help to further understand this expression which may act as a biomarker or provide a therapeutic target Biomarkers that are able to distinguish stage II and III colon cancer patients at high risk of developing disease recurrence, who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, are still lacking. *AM supported by the NIHR and the Academy of Medical Sciences ABSTRACTS S·17 Assessment of HER2 Status on Needle Core Biopsy of Breast Cancer: Impact of Histopathological Concordance P M Pigera; AHS Lee; IO Ellis; EA Rakha; Z Hodi Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK One of the key recommendations introduced in the ASCO/CAP update guideline recommendation on HER2 testing is the novel concept of "histopathological concordance." It is proposed that certain tumour morphological features such as histologic type and grade should trigger repeating a molecular test in cases of "discordance". cache = ./cache/cord-010027-r0tl01kq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010027-r0tl01kq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030870-ao5p3ra3 author = Paul, Suman title = Dynamics and risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in urban areas: a geographical assessment on Kolkata Municipal Corporation, India date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6496 sentences = 323 flesch = 60 summary = Nearly 85% cases are reported from major cities of India and most interestingly, Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Thane, Pune, Kolkata become the most contributing urban centres to SARS-CoV-2 cases (as on 19 May, 2020). Further an attempt has also been made to quantify and assess the hotspot zones along with risks of the concentrated areas of Kolkata (one of the Metro city) for proper understanding of transmission of diseases in the congested and unhealthy places as a case study [9, 15, 16] . Based on socio-economic data of slum of Kolkata Municipal Corporation and containment zone data and containment zone data from different web sources we have selected the following indicators for quantity exposure, sensitivity and resilience for assessing the risk [22] infector disease like SARS-CoV-2 (see Table 1 ). As Kolkata has experienced 1st case of SARS-CoV-2, here we have taken ward wise containment zone to find out the nature of hot spots located in the Municipal area. cache = ./cache/cord-030870-ao5p3ra3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030870-ao5p3ra3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015348-qt0worsl author = nan title = Abstract date = 2010-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 74085 sentences = 4714 flesch = 45 summary = However, the application of the compounds in clinical trials has revealed promising results only when predictive procedures have been available for determining which patients will benefit from targeting therapy, so-called eligibility or predictive tests, e.g. Her2 in breast cancer, KRAS and EGFR mutations in colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Conclusion: We report on the development of a quantitative tissue-based immunohistochemical (IHC) methodology employing activation-specific antibodies against multiple components of the BCR signaling pathway that will assess the activity of the BCR pathway in formalin-fixed paraffinembedded primary DLBCLs. This approach will identify the subset of patient tumors that are actively signaling through the BCR pathway and, therefore, will predict therapeutic responsiveness to targeted inhibition of BCR signaling. Method: In our study, we investigate 120 cases diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma in which we established microscopic characterization, immunohistochemical profiles (expression of proliferation markers, steroid receptors and Her2) and computer-assisted morphometric profiles by determining the mean values for nuclear area, cellular area and N/C ratio with Lucia Net Software. cache = ./cache/cord-015348-qt0worsl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015348-qt0worsl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022034-o27mh4wz author = OLANO, JUAN P. title = Distinguishing Tropical Infectious Diseases from Bioterrorism date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10720 sentences = 642 flesch = 41 summary = They include presence of disease outbreaks of the same illness in noncontiguous areas, disease outbreaks with zoonotic impact, different attack rates in different environments (indoor versus outdoor), presence of large epidemics in small populations, increased number of unexplained deaths, unusually high severity of a disease for a particular pathogen, unusual clinical manifestations owing to route of transmission for a given pathogen, presence of a disease (vector-borne or not) in an area not endemic for that particular disease, multiple epidemics with different diseases in the same population, a case of a disease by an uncommon agent (smallpox, viral hemorrhagic fevers, inhalational anthrax), unusual strains of microorganisms when compared to conventional strains circulating in the same affected areas, and genetically homogenous organisms isolated from different locations. cache = ./cache/cord-022034-o27mh4wz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022034-o27mh4wz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-152238-z0gysxni author = Aronna, M. Soledad title = A model for COVID-19 with isolation, quarantine and testing as control measures date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8883 sentences = 519 flesch = 61 summary = We take into account the presence of asymptomatic infections and the main policies that have been adopted so far to contain the epidemic: isolation (or social distancing) of a portion of the population, quarantine for confirmed cases and testing. In the proposed model, the proportion of people in isolation, the level of contact reduction and the testing rate are control parameters that can vary in time, representing policies that evolve in different stages. These constants may be used as control parameters, via the tuned lockdown as decided by the public policies (reflecting on p and partially on r), the awareness of the population in respecting the social distancing among individuals and in the widespread use of personal protection equipment (expressed by β and partially by r), the availability of testing kits, that results in a higher or lower value of ρ. In our model, since the groups of active individuals and in r-isolation evolve differently (see Scenario A 4 and Figure 4 below), the time-dependent reproduction number R(t) is given by the formula (4) where ϕ in (5) is cache = ./cache/cord-152238-z0gysxni.txt txt = ./txt/cord-152238-z0gysxni.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005646-xhx9pzhj author = nan title = 2nd World Congress on Pediatric Intensive Care 1996 Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 23–26 June 1996 Abstracts of Oral Presentations, Posters and Nursing Programme date = 1996 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 72031 sentences = 4734 flesch = 56 summary = Aims and methods The aim of both a prospective and retrospective survey conducted in German pediatric intensive care units in 1993 was to accumulate data on the epidemiology, risk factors, natural history and treatment strategies in a large group of pediatric ARDS patients who were treated in the tt~ee year period from 1991 to 1993.All patients had acute bilateral alveolar infiltration of noncardiogenic origin and a pO2~iO2 ratio < 150mmHg. The influence of sex, underlying disease and single organ failure was analyzed using the Fischer's exact test, the influence of additional organ failure on mortality was tested with the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszet statistics. cache = ./cache/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018016-r7tg0s45 author = John, Maya title = Shiny Framework Based Visualization and Analytics Tool for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome date = 2019-12-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2524 sentences = 153 flesch = 64 summary = This work deals with developing an application where users can interactively view information about the infection in the form of plots, tables and maps. By viewing the data visualizations, users can analyze MERS cases better, find trends, monitor the disease and help authorities set detection and prevention guidelines. In the case of different cases analysis, the user can view the information as pie charts and maps, or tables. The analysis based on all cases reported in "all cities within Riyadh region" during January to February 2019 is shown in Fig. 2 . The table also has provision for searching values and selecting the number Application page corresponding to "Different Cases Analysis" tab for cities within a region of records to be displayed in a page. In this paper, we have created an interactive visualization tool for MERS Co-V infection cases based on details of cases reported in Saudi Arabia. cache = ./cache/cord-018016-r7tg0s45.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018016-r7tg0s45.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011745-dbdtpojs author = Thompson, Mark G. title = Effectiveness of Nonadjuvanted Monovalent Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Vaccines for Preventing Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction–Confirmed Pandemic Influenza Hospitalizations: Case-Control Study of Children and Adults at 10 US Influenza Surveillance Network Sites date = 2013-12-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2602 sentences = 109 flesch = 40 summary = title: Effectiveness of Nonadjuvanted Monovalent Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Vaccines for Preventing Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction–Confirmed Pandemic Influenza Hospitalizations: Case-Control Study of Children and Adults at 10 US Influenza Surveillance Network Sites During 2009-2010, we examined 217 patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza in 9 Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network sites and 413 ageand community-matched controls and found that a single dose of monovalent nonadjuvanted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine was 50% (95% confidence interval, 13%-71%) effective in preventing hospitalization associated with A(H1N1) pdm09 virus infection. During 2009-2010, we examined 217 patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza in 9 Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network sites and 413 ageand community-matched controls and found that a single dose of monovalent nonadjuvanted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine was 50% (95% confidence interval, 13%-71%) effective in preventing hospitalization associated with A(H1N1) pdm09 virus infection. cache = ./cache/cord-011745-dbdtpojs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011745-dbdtpojs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000614-gl9cjmno author = Pang, Xinghuo title = Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among Quarantined Close Contacts, Beijing, People’s Republic of China date = 2011-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3947 sentences = 197 flesch = 52 summary = We estimated the attack rate of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and assessed risk factors for infection among close contacts quarantined in Beijing, People's Republic of China. These studies were conducted in outbreak settings, and attack rates were calculated on the basis of clinical diseases that included infl uenza-like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory illness (ARI) of close contacts rather than confi rmed infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. Public health workers conducted epidemiologic investigation of all index case-patients (including those with subclinical infections) and traced and quarantined close contacts whose residence was within the jurisdiction of Beijing. We estimated the attack rate of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection and assessed risk factors or correlates for infection among different types of close contacts, including household members and aircraft passengers. The overall attack rate for infection among close contacts (positive test result) was 2.4% (167 of 7,099), indicating that 1 index case-patient transmitted infection to 0.27 close contacts (167 of 613) on average (reproduction number = 0.27). cache = ./cache/cord-000614-gl9cjmno.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000614-gl9cjmno.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-102850-0kiypige author = Huang, C.-C. title = A Machine Learning Study to Improve Surgical Case Duration Prediction date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4728 sentences = 252 flesch = 53 summary = The results are reported in 225 In Fig. 3 , we plotted scatter plots of actual versus predicted duration on the external 234 testing set for the average models of surgeon-and procedure-specific, and the XGB 235 model. Moreover, 251 three of the features which we computed from surgeons' data (i.e. total surgical minutes 252 performed by the surgeon within the last 7 days and on the same day, and number of Accurate prediction of operation case duration is vital in elevating OR efficiency and 257 reducing cost. It has been reported in the past studies that primary surgeons contributed the 301 largest variability in operation case duration prediction compared to other factors 302 attributed to patients [2, 16, 23] . 356 We propose extracting additional information from operation and surgeons' data to 357 be used as predictor variables for ML algorithm training since their importance was 358 high in the XGB model. cache = ./cache/cord-102850-0kiypige.txt txt = ./txt/cord-102850-0kiypige.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-014712-5u4e00q6 author = nan title = Selected Abstracts from the 100th J Project Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, March 12-14, 2014 date = 2014-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 36900 sentences = 2254 flesch = 49 summary = Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Dept of Pediatric Immunology, Izmir, Turkey Ig class switch recombination deficiencies are rare PIDs (1:500,000 births) with normal or elevated serum IgM and low IgG, IgA and IgE levels, defective or normal somatic hypermutation, defective T/B cooperation (50%), intrinsic B cell defect (50%), susceptibility to bacterial infections begining from the first year of age (impaired B cell immunity) and lack of germinal centres in secondary lymphoid organs. Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Even following the introduction of biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), a small number of children suffering from severe, refractory autoimmune (AI), rheumatic and/or autoinflammatory disorders will not get into clinical remission (CR) and will potentially further suffer from multiple side-effects of combined and long-term immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory therapies, in particular severe infections (Marodi L, Casanova JL. cache = ./cache/cord-014712-5u4e00q6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-014712-5u4e00q6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001512-u3u2k8hj author = Ding, Hua title = A family cluster of three confirmed cases infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Zhejiang Province of China date = 2014-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5088 sentences = 251 flesch = 54 summary = title: A family cluster of three confirmed cases infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Zhejiang Province of China BACKGROUND: A total of 453 laboratory-confirmed cases infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus (including 175 deaths) have been reported till October 2,2014, of which 30.68% (139/453) of the cases were identified from Zhejiang Province. Human infection with avian influenza A/H7N9 virus was first identified in March 31 of 2013, in China, a total of 453 confirmed cases were found in the world up to date [1] . Here we describe an additional cluster, comprised of three laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with H7N9 virus reported in Zhejiang Province in January 2014. Furthermore, 42.30% (11/26) of environments samples from different live bird markets under routine surveillance in Xiaoshan district during the same period were H7N9 positive (Source: unpublished data from the Zhejiang Avian Surveillance System); (2) Case 2 stayed with the Index case and provided beside bed medical care frequently on the January 14, 16, and 17-19. cache = ./cache/cord-001512-u3u2k8hj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001512-u3u2k8hj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011245-nkr0998x author = Yokomichi, Hiroshi title = Immune thrombocytopenic purpura risk by live, inactivated and simultaneous vaccinations among Japanese adults, children and infants: a matched case–control study date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4595 sentences = 243 flesch = 45 summary = title: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura risk by live, inactivated and simultaneous vaccinations among Japanese adults, children and infants: a matched case–control study This case–control study investigated immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) risk following live, inactivated, and simultaneous vaccination, with a focus on infants aged < 2 years. We matched case patients with ITP to one or two control patients with other diseases by institution, hospital visit timing, sex, and age. These limited data suggest no significant ITP risk following vaccinations or simultaneous vaccination in any age group, including infants. In this case-control study, we aimed to determine the ITP risk after live, inactivated and simultaneous vaccination in Japan. To measure this exposure, participating physicians who treated case (ITP) and control (other diseases) patients completed questionnaires covering retrospective information on vaccination history and other characteristics. Participating physicians matched controls with case patients by the institution, timing of hospital visit (within a 1-month difference), sex and age. cache = ./cache/cord-011245-nkr0998x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011245-nkr0998x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-221669-uokr4mjq author = Barnes, T. title = The SHIR Model: Realistic Fits to COVID-19 Case Numbers date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7643 sentences = 403 flesch = 65 summary = As an example we show that the average time dependence of new COVID-19 cases per day from 15 Central and Western European countries is in good agreement with the analytic, parameter-free prediction of the model We will follow this with more detailed SHIR-model calculations of the cumulative case numbers N 0 f I (t) and especially the new cases per day (cpd), N 0 df I (t)/dt, and will describe detailed fits of these functions to COVID-19 data from a range of countries. In this section we will show results from fitting the predicted early pandemic time dependence from the SHIR model as derived in Sec.IIIA to data for the confirmed COVID-19 case numbers from many different countries. The total case numbers P max differ from their mean by ±2%, the fitted social response times τ Next we will follow the same procedure described in the first Austrian fit above, and will fit the SHIR model to the cpd data for each of a representative set of Central and Western European countries. cache = ./cache/cord-221669-uokr4mjq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-221669-uokr4mjq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018116-99z6ykb2 author = Healing, Tim title = Surveillance and Control of Communicable Disease in Conflicts and Disasters date = 2009 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8922 sentences = 479 flesch = 52 summary = They must be able to • assess the health status of the population affected and identify the main health priorities • monitor the development and determine the severity of any health emergency that develops (including monitoring the incidence of and case fatality rates from diseases, receiving early warning of epidemics and monitoring responses) At first sight, undertaking public health activities in emergencies, especially in conflicts, may seem to be difficult or impossible. In other types of disaster public health activities may be expected to be less affected by the security situation than in a war (although aid workers may be at risk if populations are severely deprived of resources such as food, shelter, water, or cash), and with limited access and damage to communication systems and other parts of the infrastructure assessment, surveillance and control activities can be severely restricted. cache = ./cache/cord-018116-99z6ykb2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018116-99z6ykb2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004211-58x3nnsc author = Javelle, Emilie title = The challenging management of Rift Valley Fever in humans: literature review of the clinical disease and algorithm proposal date = 2020-01-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6929 sentences = 348 flesch = 43 summary = title: The challenging management of Rift Valley Fever in humans: literature review of the clinical disease and algorithm proposal Clinicians need to consider RVF in the differential diagnosis for febrile illnesses in a suitable context, however manifestations of RVFV in humans are varied and unspecific including hepatitis, encephalitis, hemorrhagic disease, and retinitis with potential dramatic consequences. during the major outbreak in Egypt in 1977, it is considered that less than 5% of symptomatic cases will present complications including ocular, neurologic and hemorrhagic symptoms, while favorable outcome will occur within 1 week for the others [17] . Epidemic Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia: a clinical study of severe illness in humans Pathologic studies on suspect animal and human cases of Rift Valley fever from an outbreak in Eastern Africa Severe human illness caused by Rift Valley Fever Virus in Mauritania cache = ./cache/cord-004211-58x3nnsc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004211-58x3nnsc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022176-hprwqi4n author = Löscher, Thomas title = Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases date = 2009-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8287 sentences = 384 flesch = 46 summary = Since the detection of the etiologic infectious agent and the subsequent development of laboratory diagnostic tests in the 1980s, the number of reported cases of Lyme disease has increased from 0 to 16,000 per year, indicating that it is an "emerging diagnosis." The reported numbers vary depending on the reproduction of the hosting rodents for ticks as well as the contacts between humans and nature (Spach et al. In recent years, norovirus infections are increasingly recognized as the cause of large outbreaks of diarrheal diseases in the general population, school classes, nursing homes, hospitals, and cruise ships in western countries with peaks in colder seasons (winter epidemics) (Centers of disease control 2006; Verhoef et al. Definition: only infections that are newly discovered in humans are listed in this chapter: HIV, new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), hemorrhagic uremic syndrome (HUS) caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, viral hemorrhagic fevers like Hanta, Lassa, Ebola, and Marburg fever, Nipah virus encephalitis, monkeypox, human ehrlichiosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome (coronavirus infection, SARS), and avian influenza (H5N1) (see Fig. 3 .1 and Table 3 .2). cache = ./cache/cord-022176-hprwqi4n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022176-hprwqi4n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253638-5f9ofdsc author = Alsaied, Tarek title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) Pandemic Implications in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5683 sentences = 339 flesch = 49 summary = Given the increased risk for severe COVID‐19 observed in adults with underlying cardiac involvement, there is concern that patients with pediatric and congenital heart disease (CHD) may likewise be at increased risk for severe infection. In this review, we describe the effects of COVID‐19 in the pediatric and young adult population and review the cardiovascular involvement in COVID‐19 focusing on implications for patients with congenital heart disease in particular. 4-Cardiac care team members are at risk for acquiring COVID-19 and may play a role in spreading the disease between patients and in the society at large. It is important to know that 3.8% of the cases reported from China were of healthcare team members suggesting that health care providers are at a significantly increased risk of contracting COVID-19 11, 83 . cache = ./cache/cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017012-yl0vanuh author = Herberg, Jethro title = Infectious Diseases and the Kidney date = 2009 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 23980 sentences = 1301 flesch = 34 summary = Renal involvement in infectious diseases may occur by a variety of mechanisms: direct microbial invasion of the renal tissues or collecting system may take place in conditions such as staphylococcal abscess of the kidney as a result of septicemic spread of the organism or as a consequence of ascending infection; damage to the kidney may be caused by the systemic release of endotoxin or other toxins and activation of the inflammatory cascade during septicemia or by a focus of infection distant from the kidney; ischemic damage may result from inadequate perfusion induced by septic shock; the kidney may be damaged by activation of the immunologic pathways or by immune complexes resulting from the infectious process. However, in addition to this post-infection immunologically mediated disorder, in recent years there have been increasing reports of GAS causing acute renal failure as part of an invasive infection with many features of the staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (28) . cache = ./cache/cord-017012-yl0vanuh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017012-yl0vanuh.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-151030-5x3ztp1n author = Piasecki, Tomasz title = A new SEIR type model including quarantine effects and its application to analysis of Covid-19 pandemia in Poland in March-April 2020 date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7559 sentences = 461 flesch = 59 summary = title: A new SEIR type model including quarantine effects and its application to analysis of Covid-19 pandemia in Poland in March-April 2020 We focus on modelling the time period when the social distancing measures were in place and then consider different scenarios of relaxation of the restrictions with possible improvement of testing and contact tracing. Further, to acknowledge the capacity limits of the public health system to perform the contact tracing, we introduce a quantity K max , describing the maximum number of people who can be put in quarantine during one time step. We estimate the transmission rates β by fitting the model predictions to the data on the cumulative number of confirmed cases. In case κ = 0.2, so assuming that currently only 20% of infections are diagnosed, the low values of R are due to low β 3 rather than the effect of quarantine (controlling epidemic by social contact restrictions). cache = ./cache/cord-151030-5x3ztp1n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-151030-5x3ztp1n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-103545-2v89ku4o author = Bellos, Ioannis title = Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2: A meta-analysis date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5197 sentences = 333 flesch = 48 summary = The following data were planned to be extracted from each of the included studies: name of first author, country, maternal age, medical history (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism or polycystic ovary syndrome), symptoms (fever, cough, shortness of breath, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, myalgia, fatigue, headache, sore throat, nasal congestion, abdominal pain, chest pain), radiological signs, presence of co-infection (bacterial or influenza), laboratory tests (lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased Creactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, liver function tests and D-dimers), type of treatment, pregnancy outcomes (fetal distress, premature rupture of membranes-PROM, placenta previa, preeclampsia, preterm birth, cesarean section, stillbirth), maternal outcomes (admission to intensive care unit-ICU or death), neonatal outcomes (gender, gestational age, birthweight, 1-minute/5-minute Apgar score, horizontal/vertical transmission, admission to ICU, mechanical ventilation, sepsis and death). As a result, the present meta-analysis was based on 16 observational studies [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] and 44 case reports/series , including a total of 920 neonates born to women with SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-103545-2v89ku4o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-103545-2v89ku4o.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-008686-9ybxuy00 author = Everett, Tom title = Poor transmission of seasonal cold viruses in a British Antarctic Survey base date = 2019-03-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6924 sentences = 362 flesch = 54 summary = However, in the acute infection stage respiratory viruses are generally present in relatively high copy numbers, with median values of mostly 4-8 log 10 (i.e. 10,0 0 0-10 0,0 0 0,0 0 0 copies/ml) for adeno-, corona-, hMPV, influenza, PIV and RSV, as reported in one comprehensive paediatric study. 2 A 26-year-old male ( index case of the outbreak report 2 ) from Kerala's Perambra town died undiagnosed with fever, en-cephalitis and respiratory distress in Government Medical College Kozhikode(GMCK), after being transferred from Taluk Hospital, Perambra(THP). 6 Along with the wound cleansing and post-exposure rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) and vaccination, any risk of SHBV requires that high dose acyclovir (preferably valaciclovir 1 g TDS PO; or acyclovir 800 mg 5 times daily PO, for adults) PEP for at least 14 days should be considered. After the first dengue-fever epidemic in China, which occurred in May 1978 in Foshan, Guangdong Province, there have been regional outbreaks of dengue every year and the number of cases has increased. cache = ./cache/cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt txt = ./txt/cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006172-ndmf5ekp author = Akins, Paul Taylor title = H1N1 Encephalitis with Malignant Edema and Review of Neurologic Complications from Influenza date = 2010-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4998 sentences = 302 flesch = 39 summary = We present a case report of 2009 H1N1-associated encephalopathy and review neurologic complications associated with seasonal influenza and 2009 H1N1 virus infection. We present a case of a patient with acute encephalitis associated with febrile upper respiratory tract illness due to 2009 H1N1 complicated by seizures and malignant cerebral edema. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to influenza virus infection of the upper respiratory tract is hypothesized to play a prominent role in the more severe stages leading to cytokine dysregulation (''cytokine storm'') in Influenzaassociated encephalopathy or encephalitis (IAE) patients [6] . We present a case of acute encephalitis associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, complicated by malignant brain edema. We have also provided an overview of the spectrum of acute and post-infectious neurologic complications reported in association with seasonal and pandemic influenza virus infection of the upper respiratory tract. cache = ./cache/cord-006172-ndmf5ekp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006172-ndmf5ekp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017634-zhmnfd1w author = Straif-Bourgeois, Susanne title = Infectious Disease Epidemiology date = 2005 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12379 sentences = 662 flesch = 46 summary = Use of additional clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data may enable a physician to diagnose a disease even though the formal surveillance case definition may not be met. Another way to detect an increase of cases is if the surveillance system of reportable infectious diseases reveals an unusually high number of people with the same diagnosis over a certain time period at different health care facilities. On the other hand, however, there should be no time delay in starting an investigation if there is an opportunity to prevent more cases or the potential to identify a system failure which can be caused, for example, by poor food preparation in a restaurant or poor infection control practices in a hospital or to prevent future outbreaks by acquiring more knowledge of the epidemiology of the agent involved. In developing countries, surveys are often necessary to evaluate health problems since data collected routinely (disease surveillance, hospital records, case registers) are often incomplete and of poor quality. cache = ./cache/cord-017634-zhmnfd1w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017634-zhmnfd1w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015352-2d02eq3y author = nan title = ESPR 2017 date = 2017-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 82253 sentences = 4479 flesch = 46 summary = Lapierre; Montreal/CA Summary: Objectives: To review the classification of visceroatrial situs To describe the associated cardiac and non-cardiac anomalies To illustrate typical findings in fetuses, neonates and children To discuss the surgical consideration and the long-term follow-up in these patients Abstract: By definition, the type of situs is determined by the relationship between the atria and the adjacent organs. As is often the case, radiology in JIA is all about: knowing your clinicians (i.e. the pretest likelihood for disease) being technically eloquent (e.g. using high-resolution US probes, not delaying post-contrast MRI acquisitions) knowing what is normal (e.g. normal undulations in the articular surface, focal bone marrow signal variation) not being dogmatic about individual observations or measurements interpreting your findings in a clinical context The lecture will demonstrate similarities and differences among joints and modalities in children with variable-severity JIA. cache = ./cache/cord-015352-2d02eq3y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015352-2d02eq3y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-167454-ivhqeu01 author = Battiston, Pietro title = COVID-19: $R_0$ is lower where outbreak is larger date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4524 sentences = 201 flesch = 51 summary = Specifically, we employ daily data on the number of individuals positive to COVID-19 at the municipality level, focusing on a period in which the entire country was subject to a lockdown. Note: fit between data and the corresponding SIR model for Lombardy region (left) and the most affected municipalities at the beginning of our period of interest in absolute and per capita terms, respectively (center, right). In order to shed light on this indeterminacy, we proceed to simulating the SIR model for each municipality until the predicted size of the infected population decreases below either (i) 0.1 cases for one thousands inhabitants or (ii) 0.1 cases 6 and we consider the number of periods elapsed as the outbreak duration. We show that in Lombardy, during a lockdown, the basic reproduction number for COVID-19 reacts negatively to the initial size of an outbreak at the municipality level, an effect which cannot be explained by the population having reached herd immunity. cache = ./cache/cord-167454-ivhqeu01.txt txt = ./txt/cord-167454-ivhqeu01.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018792-oqwbmyft author = Ammon, Andrea title = Early disease management strategies in case of a smallpox outbreak date = 2007 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5045 sentences = 235 flesch = 41 summary = Usually, the strategy for the management of clinical cases of poxviruses includes the early detection of cases, rapid laboratory diagnosis, an assessment of the risk of further spread and containment measures. The strategy for the management of clinical cases of poxviruses (occurring sporadically or in outbreaks) usually includes the early detection of cases, rapid laboratory diagnosis, an assessment of the risk of further spread and containment measures. In addition to the national and international notifications based on given case definitions, certain measures are necessary to allow an initial risk assessment of the epidemic development. In addition to the national and international notifications based on given case definitions, certain measures are necessary to allow an initial risk assessment of the epidemic development. Various models have been developed to assist in identifying the best use of the available vaccines (e.g., [5] [6] [7] [8] ), as well as other control measures like case isolation and contact tracing or combinations thereof [9, 10] . cache = ./cache/cord-018792-oqwbmyft.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018792-oqwbmyft.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016826-oatjcmy0 author = Arata, Andrew A. title = Old and New Pestilences date = 2005 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7127 sentences = 338 flesch = 56 summary = At the time of this writing, two such pathogens are active, warranting such concern: a) cases of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, caused by a coronavirus) appeared in China in November, 2002, and has spread to Western and Central Europe and North America; b) a strain of Avian Influenza Virus (N5H1), first identified in Hong Kong in 1997, reemerged in 2002 in Southeast Asia. Dengue, and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), have spread globally, infecting vast new areas, especially urban areas where the human living conditions are substandard, but readily suited for vector breeding. A good example is the recent outbreak of West Nile encephilitis in the U.S. In 1999 and 2000, the virus was isolated from/around New York City from large numbers of dead birds (especially crows and jays): 21 human cases and two deaths were confirmed. cache = ./cache/cord-016826-oatjcmy0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016826-oatjcmy0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028721-x6f26ahr author = Nistal, Manuel title = Non-neoplastic diseases of the testis date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 78172 sentences = 5138 flesch = 41 summary = Congenital decrease of germ cells occurs in numerous conditions, including trisomies 13, 18, and 21, some forms of primary hypogonadism such as Klinefelter's syndrome, anencephaly, many cryptorchid testes, and in patients with posterior urethral valves and severe obstruction of the urinary ducts. 728, 729 Leydig cell hypoplasia This variant of male pseudohermaphroditism is defi ned by insuffi cient testosterone secretion 422 and the following characteristics: predominance of female external genitalia; absence of male secondary sex characteristics at puberty; absence of uterus and fallopian tubes and the presence of epididymis and vas deferens; 46XY karyotype; lack of response to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation; absence of an enzymatic defect in testosterone synthesis; and small undescended testes that are gray and mucous on section. cache = ./cache/cord-028721-x6f26ahr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028721-x6f26ahr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025886-259357pg author = Mehrotra, Sanjay title = A model of supply‐chain decisions for resource sharing with an application to ventilator allocation to combat COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6800 sentences = 382 flesch = 58 summary = Going forward, the federal response to the COVID-19 pandemic will require centralized decision-making around how to equitably allocate, and reallocate, limited supplies of ventilators to states in need. Importantly, computational results from the model also provide estimates of the shortfall of ventilators in each state under different future demand scenarios. Section 4 presents our computational results under different mechanical ventilator demand scenarios for the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. In this section, we present a multiperiod planning model to allocate ventilators to different regions, based on their needs, for the treatment of critical patients. The results in Table 4 indicate that in Cases VI (severe) and V (extreme), the State of New York requires between 11 100 and 17 500 additional ventilators for COVID-19 patients during its peak demand. Overall, the model developed in this paper can be used as a planning tool/framework by state and federal agencies in acquiring and allocating ventilators to meet national demand. cache = ./cache/cord-025886-259357pg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025886-259357pg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010513-7p07efxo author = Daniels, Norman title = Resource Allocation and Priority Setting date = 2015-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13439 sentences = 702 flesch = 53 summary = The cases in this chapter that discuss resource allocation force us to contemplate decisions about priorities in public health as opposed to the more frequently discussed medical issues about health care priorities. Specifi cally, some mental health conditions require signifi cant resources for what Medicaid terms as "behavioral management," which is seen as a social support service not a medical treatment . Public health decisions about resource allocation-judging from the cases on that topic in this volume-face reasonable ethical disagreement. Approved in 1993, health reform in Colombia was supposed to overcome problems such as low coverage, inequality in access and use of health care services, and ineffi ciency in the allocation and distribution of resources. Variability in the frameworks used to allocate public health resources illustrates the importance of refl ecting upon the value s that undergird policy decisions and individual practices, like critical care triage. cache = ./cache/cord-010513-7p07efxo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010513-7p07efxo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002426-5e1xn7kj author = Falcón-Lezama, Jorge Abelardo title = Analysis of spatial mobility in subjects from a Dengue endemic urban locality in Morelos State, Mexico date = 2017-02-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5944 sentences = 261 flesch = 49 summary = MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a cohort-nested, case-control study with 126 individuals (42 cases, 42 intradomestic controls and 42 population controls) with the goal of describing human mobility patterns of recently Dengue virus-infected subjects, and comparing them with those of non-infected subjects living in an urban endemic locality. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study show that human mobility in a small urban setting exceeded that considered by local health authority's administrative limits, and was different between recently infected and non-infected subjects living in the same household. These observations provide important insights about the role that human mobility may have in Dengue virus transmission and persistence across endemic geographic areas that need to be taken into account when planning preventive and control measures. Sample: 126 individuals (42 cases, 42 intradomestic controls and 42 population controls) with age older than 12, and residents in Axochiapan, Morelos State, México, were selected from the cohort "Peridomestic infection as determinant for Dengue virus transmission" [13] . cache = ./cache/cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-251070-gxqg494t author = Diouf, Massamba title = Logistic growth model and modeling of factors for community case transmission date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2339 sentences = 149 flesch = 64 summary = We estimate parameters and evaluate the growth factor, community rate, weekly increase and daily difference, and make forecasting to help on how to find concrete actions to control the situation. The objective of this work is to model the variables potentially involved in the spread of cases resulting from community transmission of COVID-19 in Senegal in order to identify statistical associations. Here, we give forecasting pandemic size of community cases for Senegal and daily predictions using the logistic model. Variables such as community rate, growth factor, daily difference (daily variations) and weekly increase (number of cumulative cases per week) were defined to better understand the dynamics of the development of community cases in Senegal. In this section, we a perform forecast with the logistics model ( [9, 10, 11] ) to predict the final size of coronavirus epidemy, for community cases in Senegal. cache = ./cache/cord-251070-gxqg494t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-251070-gxqg494t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-227268-8k9zaqsy author = Wick, W. David title = Stopping the SuperSpreader Epidemic: the lessons from SARS (with, perhaps, applications to MERS) date = 2013-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6789 sentences = 297 flesch = 55 summary = This gave rise to the theory that HIV is an SS epidemic; the candidates for the superpreaders are: (a) persons in the primary retroviral-infection period that lasts a few weeks, who have a thousand times the level of virus in blood and semen found in chronically-infected patients; and (b) cases like "patient zero," the Canadian airline attendant with an impressive Rolodex of sexual partners in many cities, described in 'Randy Shilts's 1987 book, And the Band Played On. priate kind of model is called a "stochastic multi-type branching-process." The adjective "stochastic" refers to random events, as in a dice game; in computer terms, when simulating the model the program makes calls on the random number generator, abbreviated RNG (supplied with your operating system), when making updates. cache = ./cache/cord-227268-8k9zaqsy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-227268-8k9zaqsy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-242887-gtmpd7t0 author = Bento, Ana I. title = Information Seeking Responses to News of Local COVID-19 Cases: Evidence from Internet Search Data date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1786 sentences = 95 flesch = 55 summary = On the other hand, searches for information regarding community level policies (e.g., quarantine, school closures, testing), or personal health strategies (e.g., masks, grocery delivery, over-the-counter medications) do not appear to be immediately triggered by first reports. To provide rapid information to guide policy making, we use Internet search data in an event-study design to examine how collective attention and information seeking behaviors respond to state government announcements of first COVID-19 cases. There was no observable trend in the search behavior in the days leading up to the announcements, suggesting the first "local" case indeed heightened the collective attention to the pandemic. The third row suggests that first case announcements did not induce search for community level policies (quarantines, school closures, and coronavirus testing), or more elaborate personal health strategies (face masks, grocery delivery, overthe-counter medications). Our results suggest that first state COVID-19 case announcements do lead to a widespread increase in the extent to which people seek out Internet information about the epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023186-gqltd6u0 author = nan title = Poster Sessions date = 2019-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14365 sentences = 814 flesch = 55 summary = Methods: This is a one-year retrospective study that was conducted in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) comparing the intervention failure rate of three different Noninvasive respiratory support modalities (bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and HFNC) for infants and young children between the ages of 1 month and 2 years admitted with the diagnosis of bronchiolitis. The aim of the study was to determine the association between Methods: Ninety children aged between > 28 days to < 5 years hospitalized with diagnosis of severe CAP in the Pediatric Department of West Nusa Tenggara Province General Hospital from January to October 2018 were enrolled. Arterial blood gases, respiratory rate, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and mean airway pressure (MAP) of rat lung during respiratory support, wetto-dry lung weight ratio, lung homogenate and/or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, interleukin-6 and total protein levels were measured and compared among groups after study completion. cache = ./cache/cord-023186-gqltd6u0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023186-gqltd6u0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-236070-yao5v598 author = Carneiro, Carlos B. title = Lockdown effects in US states: an artificial counterfactual approach date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4850 sentences = 271 flesch = 59 summary = We adopt an artificial counterfactual approach to assess the impact of lockdowns on the short-run evolution of the number of cases and deaths in some US states. On average, for treated states, the counterfactual accumulated number of cases, according to the method adopted here, would be two times larger were lockdown policies not implemented. 7 Hence, the in-sample period used to estimate the synthetic control ("before" the lockdown policy) for each treated state (to be defined below) is the number of days between the tenth day after the first confirmed case and the tenth day after the lockdown strategy was implemented. On average, according to the synthetic controls, the counterfactual accumulated number of cases would be two times larger were lockdown policies not implemented in treated states. cache = ./cache/cord-236070-yao5v598.txt txt = ./txt/cord-236070-yao5v598.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018917-7px75s3c author = Hopkins, Richard S. title = Informatics in Disease Prevention and Epidemiology date = 2013-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7517 sentences = 337 flesch = 41 summary = This chapter provides a description of the components of disease prevention and control programs, and then focuses on information systems designed to support public health surveillance, epidemiologic investigation of cases and outbreaks, and case management. Public health surveillance systems may be based on data capture from a variety of sources, including case reports, population-based surveys, sentinel providers, electronic health records (including laboratory information management systems for ELR and emergency department records for syndromic surveillance), or administrative data (like hospital or physician claims for reimbursement). Information systems to support reportable disease surveillance contain records representing case reports that currently are, for the most part, entered manually into an application by public health staff, based on information received from doctors, infection control practitioners, hospitals, and laboratories. cache = ./cache/cord-018917-7px75s3c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018917-7px75s3c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-127109-jdizyzbl author = Bertschinger, Nils title = Visual explanation of country specific differences in Covid-19 dynamics date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3246 sentences = 214 flesch = 59 summary = Indeed, I show here that SIR type models -and others exhibiting similarly flexible growth dynamics -are non-identified with respect to the CFR and the fraction of observed infections. Figure 4 shows the country specific estimates of reporting delay, CFR and fraction of observed cases (assuming a true CFR of 1%) obtained in this fashion. In turn, Figure 5 shows the implied relative case counts when shifted by the estimated delays and scaled to reflect the unobserved fraction of cases for each country. A suitable reporting delay τ c can be estimated by visual inspection of the data, but again the fraction of observed cases α c and CFR cfr are not jointly identifiable if there exist sets of parameters such that a t−τ = αa t , as is the case for dynamic SIR type models. Assuming that only a fraction α of cases is observed, the model is estimated with the following Relative days since two death per mill. cache = ./cache/cord-127109-jdizyzbl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-127109-jdizyzbl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-119626-qb6fea06 author = Cruz-Aponte, Mayte'e title = Balancing Fiscal and Mortality Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Mitigation Measurements date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3176 sentences = 181 flesch = 58 summary = We constructed an enhanced mathematical SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered) epidemic model [5] to simulate the COVID-19 epidemic in the US in an attempt to estimate the fiscal impact and the optimal conditions to mitigate this ongoing pandemic. Figure 2 : Varying physical distancing starting two days after the epidemic: lowering the infection rate 20% for four-week intervals and increasing it between 50% to 75% for eight weeks intervals as described on Table 2 . When the infection is reduced by 40% or 80%, the associated cost of the pandemic to the government decreased by $51.4 billion than when the public health policy is implemented earlier like in Figure 4 . When infection is reduced by 90% for eight weeks, mortality is 10,713 lower than in the herd immunity case and the fiscal cost of the pandemic is the minimum with respect to any of the scenarios presented in this article. cache = ./cache/cord-119626-qb6fea06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-119626-qb6fea06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 author = Xu, Liyan title = Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Antiepidemic Policies and Global Situation Assessment of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11585 sentences = 569 flesch = 55 summary = With a two-layer contact-dispersion model and data in China, we analyze the cost-effectiveness of three types of antiepidemic measures for COVID-19: regular epidemiological control, local social interaction control, and inter-city travel restriction. We find that: 1) intercity travel restriction has minimal or even negative effect compared to the other two at the national level; 2) the time of reaching turning point is independent of the current number of cases, and only related to the enforcement stringency of epidemiological control and social interaction control measures; 3) strong enforcement at the early stage is the only opportunity to maximize both antiepidemic effectiveness and cost-effectiveness; 4) mediocre stringency of social interaction measures is the worst choice. Overall, compared with in-city epidemiological and social interaction control measures, the contribution of inter-city travel restrictions to the reduction of the number of infected cases and the spatial spread of disease is much smaller-lower by two orders of magnitudes. cache = ./cache/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002972-ge7qt256 author = Torner, Núria title = Descriptive study of severe hospitalized cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza during five epidemic seasons (2010–2015) date = 2018-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2674 sentences = 139 flesch = 47 summary = OBJECTIVE: The Plan of Information on Acute Respiratory Infections in Catalonia (PIDIRAC) included the surveillance of severe hospitalized cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza (SHCLCI) in 2009. Surveillance of SHCLCI provides an estimate of the severity of seasonal influenza epidemics and the identification and characterization of at-risk groups in order to facilitate preventive measures such as vaccination and early antiviral treatment. Given the situation generated by the 2009 pandemic caused by the new influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus, the PIDIRAC sentinel network included surveillance of severe hospitalized cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza (SHCLCI) to assess severity. The aims of SHCLCI surveillance are to provide an estimate of the severity of seasonal influenza epidemics to identify and characterize the risk groups that may present serious complications as a result of infection by circulating influenza viruses or their association with some underlying diseases and to identify the virological characteristics of viruses associated with these severe cases, such as genetic changes and/or antigenic changes that lead to increased virulence. cache = ./cache/cord-002972-ge7qt256.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002972-ge7qt256.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015368-a0qz4tb9 author = nan title = 48th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery, Graz, June 7–9, 2007 date = 2007 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 86620 sentences = 6042 flesch = 51 summary = Surgical treatment and evaluation, complications, short and long term patency of our patients were compared to interventional techniques and international literature. The aim of the study was to investigate: i) relevant and combined determinants of the development, management and outcome of a representative patient cohort (n ¼ 9.991) with acute appendicitis enrolled in a prospective unicenter study through a time period of 27 years (middle Europe), and ii) the frequency and impact of specific categories (e.g., characteristics of the medical history, clinical and intraoperative findings, complications), correlation and relative risk factors of the disease and its prognosis. From 01=1997 until 12=2006 198 TEM procedures were performed in 194 patients, 104 males, 90 females, mean age was 68.9 years (38-91), the median hospital stay was 8 days . No conversion to open technique had to be performed, no postoperative surgical complications were observed, one patient died 4 weeks postoperative due to liver failure following esophageal varices bleeding. cache = ./cache/cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-201798-doi5w7tb author = Seto, Christopher title = Commuting Network Spillovers and COVID-19 Deaths Across US Counties date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3507 sentences = 201 flesch = 50 summary = We utilized 3-level mixed effects negative binomial regression models to estimate the impact of network COVID-19 exposure on county confirmed cases and deaths over time. We utilize 3-level mixed effects negative binomial models, analyzing COVID-19 cases and deaths of county-time periods (N=31,380), nested within counties (N=3,139), nested within states (N=51, includes DC). The weighted outcome regression model determines the causal effect of each county level characteristic on deaths by COVID-19 through statistical hypothesis testing. To aid our causal inference, we also conducted several analyses using different weighting strategies on a cross-sectional version of our data in which outcomes are cumulative counts of a county's cases or deaths, and network and spatially lagged measures are based on these cumulative counts. Negative binomial models (with state and county random intercepts) predicting COVID-19 outcomes across 10 time periods based on network, spatial, and time lagged cases. cache = ./cache/cord-201798-doi5w7tb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-201798-doi5w7tb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 author = nan title = Proceedings of the 26th European Paediatric Rheumatology Congress: part 2: Virtual. 23 - 26 September 2020 date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 35088 sentences = 2148 flesch = 49 summary = Objectives: The current study was undertaken to evaluate sociodemographic and sociocultural features, parent behavior, the gestation and breastfeeding period, nutritional status of early childhood in our patients with JIA, and to determine their relationship with disease activity, damage index, remission time, and relapse rate. Methods: In the present study were included data 170 JIA(55 boys and 115 girls)aged from 2 to 17 years,who received scheduled vaccination before the age of 2 years and before JIA onset against measles,parotitis,diphtheria and rubella.Incomplete vaccination means the reduced number of vaccine to age.In all patients the Ig G anti-vaccine antibodies levels were detected with ELISA.JIA categories were:oligoarthritis -73,polyarthritis -61,systemic-16 and enthesitisrelated arthritis-20.Data presented with median and 25%>75% Results: Incomplete vaccination against MMR was in 50 (42%)diphtheria in 85 (50%) of the JIA patients. cache = ./cache/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-142389-t5swlp04 author = Linden, Matthias title = The foreshadow of a second wave: An analysis of current COVID-19 fatalities in Germany date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3725 sentences = 272 flesch = 65 summary = We investigated this apparent discrepancy using age-stratified case and death reports [3] , and an age-dependent infection fatality rate (IFR). From this age-dependent IFR we predict the temporal evolution of the COVID-19associated deaths by delaying each age group's observed weekly cases by two weeks and multiplying by the IFR (see supplementary material). The observed number deaths (black) in each age group matches well the predicted deaths calculated from the case numbers (color) using an age-dependent infection-fatality rate from a metaanalysis [4] . b. IFR calculation The overall goal is to estimate death numbers from past reported cases per age group and compare them to the observed number of deaths. c. Estimating the number of deaths from the reported SARS-CoV-2 cases The number of deaths is estimated by multiplying the published weekly number of reported cases in 5-years-wide age groups by the associated IFR (equation (2)). cache = ./cache/cord-142389-t5swlp04.txt txt = ./txt/cord-142389-t5swlp04.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035351-3mv6x0w9 author = Boin, Arjen title = Guardians of Public Value: How Public Organizations Become and Remain Institutions date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10659 sentences = 607 flesch = 46 summary = An important recent study that provides support for much of what Selznick was proposing, albeit cast in slightly different language, is that of Charles Goodsell (2011a, b) , who examined the organizational history and development of 'mission-driven' public agencies in the United States, including such iconic institutions as NASA and the National Forest Service. Institutions are, in other words, better prepared to weather the storms of failure, scandal and crisis that any organization faces in its lifetime-provided, as Selnick (1957) reminds us, that they remain responsive and adaptive to the environments they work in and from which they derive their public licence to operate (in fact, Selznick identified this as the most difficult leadership task). If we suspend judgement, we can learn-even from institutions that in our time and context may look questionable-valuable lessons about their emergence, their value proposition, their governance, their 'formula' for success, their ways of acquiring a public licence to operate, their ways of navigating conflict and tensions, and in some instance, their decline and downfall. cache = ./cache/cord-035351-3mv6x0w9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035351-3mv6x0w9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015369-72cjogxz author = nan title = 50th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery. Vienna, June 18–20, 2009. Guest Editors: Albert Tuchmann, Erhard Schwanzer, Benedikt Walzel date = 2009 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 71071 sentences = 7094 flesch = 50 summary = Bei 2 Patienten wurde wegen eines Rezidivs eine neuerliche RFT mit liver packing notwendig, 5 Patienten wurden ohne Packing ein zweites mal abladiert und ein Patient unterzog sich einer linksseitigen Hemihepatektomie nach rechtsseitiger Ablation. Das laparoskopische Liver Packing ermöglicht eine ablative Therapie der Leber in Patienten, die mit den herkömmlichen Möglichkeiten nicht lokal therapierbar sind. Zusammenfassend lässt sich anhand der hier vorliegenden Studie zeigen, dass die Therapie von VSM mittels ELT mit 1470-nm-Diodenlaser und Radialfaser eine sowohl minimalinvasive als auch sichere und effiziente Therapieoption darstellt und eine hohe frühzeitige Erfolgsrate bei niedrigem Schmerzniveau aufweist.In weiteren Studien muss geprueft werden, ob aehnlich gute Resultate auch bei weiterer Absenkung des Energienivaus zu erreichen sind. Patients who underwent R0 resection for colon and rectal cancer during the period 1995-2000 showed a significantly improved 5-year survival rate compared to those operated on between 1991 and 1995. cache = ./cache/cord-015369-72cjogxz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015369-72cjogxz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005881-oswgjaxz author = nan title = Abstracts: 11(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery May 15–18, 2010 Brussels, Belgium date = 2010 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 71955 sentences = 4561 flesch = 52 summary = Prospective case series with historical control group.(Level III) Results: Preliminary data indicate: *a shorter time on ventilator than anticipated (based on comparisson to historical data) * a shorter time on ICU * less pneumoniae * no intra-operative complications * good healing results of the rib fractures * no implant failures * acceptable pain scores * good overal satisfaction * acceptable cosmetic results Conclusion: Internal fixation of rib fractures (flair chest or multiple sequential fractures with pulmonary function compromise) results in a earlier recuperation of pulmonary function with shortened ICU stay. (Regional Association Sanitary Emergencies) Material and Methods: The ARES, whose members are about 600, all over the nation, is configured as an extraordinary health resource, activated by the National Civil Defence operations centre, in according with the Regional centre of Marche, in disater situations Results: The main objectives of ARES are training and organization of medical staff and structures and its growth crosses several missions including: AE Earthquake in Molise, 2002 Introduction: Cephalomedullary nails rely on a large lag screw that provides fixation into the femoral head. cache = ./cache/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009713-sxd4t2tz author = nan title = Poster Presentations date = 2020-01-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 43950 sentences = 2945 flesch = 52 summary = Poster No. 010 Seizure, developmental and cognitive outcomes in children post hemispherotomy TT TAY 1 , DR REED 2 , VJ JOSAN 3 , SR RUST 4 , JT TAN 5 1 University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 2 Neuropsychology Team, Paediatric Psychosocial Service, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK; 3 Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation, Manchester, UK; 4 Paediatric Neuropsychology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK; 5 Paediatric Neurology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK Introduction: Patients with focal refractory epilepsy secondary to structural hemispheric changes have been shown in retrospective studies to have significantly improved seizure outcomes following hemispheric disconnection. In a univariate analysis of 682 cases with ≥12 months follow-up data, poor final outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 3-6) occurred in 30% and was associated with very young or elderly age at onset, movement disorder, decreased consciousness, autonomic dysfunction, mechanical ventilation, higher mRS score in the acute phase, longer hospital stay, extreme delta brush on EEG, abnormal MRI, CSF pleocytosis and elevated CSF protein (all p<0.05). cache = ./cache/cord-009713-sxd4t2tz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009713-sxd4t2tz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005147-mvoq9vln author = nan title = Autorenregister date = 2017-02-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 86573 sentences = 4356 flesch = 45 summary = Using whole-exome sequencing and trio-based de novo analysis, we identified a novel heterozygous de novo frameshift variant in the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) gene causing instability of the mRNA in a patient presenting with bilateral CAKUT and requiring kidney transplantation at one year of age. Loss of cdkl5 associated with deficient mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in mice and human cells We and other groups have shown that mutations in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with clinical features including intellectual disability, early-onset intractable seizures and autism, that are closely related to those present in Rett syndrome (RTT) patients. Functional characterization of novel GNB1 mutations as a rare cause of global developmental delay Over the past years, prioritization strategies that combined the molecular predictors of sequence variants from exomes and genomes of patients with rare Mendelian disorders with computer-readable phenotype information became a highly effective method for detecting disease-causing mutations. cache = ./cache/cord-005147-mvoq9vln.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005147-mvoq9vln.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005105-twsy61oq author = nan title = SIU 2015 Abstracts date = 2015-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 124096 sentences = 7584 flesch = 54 summary = Th e present study is based on a retrospective analysis of a database of over 600 patients (age range 17-57 years) who met the consensus criteria for bacterial prostatitis, 75% of whom had dysuria, 35% perineal discomfort, 60% had obstructive luts, 37% infertility of unknown etiology, 10% erectile dysfunction and 25% recurrent infection of the partner. Further research is needed to determine to assess whether localization of small volume disease on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT can improve diagnostic algorithms and outcomes in patients with recurrent PCa. Introduction and Objective: To assess long-term results of salvage pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in prostate cancer (PC) patients (pts) with biochemical recurrence aft er primary local treatment and confi rmed solitary lymph node (LN) metastases. cache = ./cache/cord-005105-twsy61oq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005105-twsy61oq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-122594-0y34yxlb author = Teles, Pedro title = Predicting the evolution Of SARS-Covid-2 in Portugal using an adapted SIR Model previously used in South Korea for the MERS outbreak date = 2020-03-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3691 sentences = 183 flesch = 64 summary = This allowed me to fit the curve of current active cases in Portugal with a model, which I then use, by implementing the control measure parameters predicted in the model to predict the future number of cases, in five different scenarios (the out-of-control scenario, a scenario in which measures were the same as in the original model (scenario 1), a scenario where government measures are 50% as effective as those in South Korea, and self-protective measures reduce the transmission rate by 50% (scenario 2), a similar scenario but in this case the transmission rate was only reduced to 70% (scenario 3), and a fourth scenario, similar to the two previous ones but in which the transmission rate was reduced to 80%. • Scenario where government measures are 50% as effective as those in South Korea, and self-protective measures reduce the transmission rate by 80% (scenario 4) 3.1 Fitting of parameters λ and δ (Italy). cache = ./cache/cord-122594-0y34yxlb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-122594-0y34yxlb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015372-76xvzvdg author = nan title = National scientific medical meeting 1996 abstracts date = 1996 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 36596 sentences = 2204 flesch = 53 summary = One, two and five-year survival rates were examined; age at diagnosis and lesion type were extremely significant factors in relation to patient outcome. Patients' age, sex, risk group, CDC stage, CD4 count, indication for therapy, complication rate and response to treatment are described. Fifty-eight patients (34 male, 24 female) ranging in age from 15 to 65 years (Mean + SD = 28.4 + 10.8) were included in the study. Among these 48 patients (mean age 68.0+12.7), after controlling for age and for the duration and continuity of subsequent antipsychotic treatment, increasing duration of initially untreated psychosis was associated with greater severity of negative symptoms (p<0.005) and with lower scores on the MMSE (p<0.05) but not with executive dysfunction on the EXIT (p=0.3). Conclusion Although not a population based study, care of IDDM in Ireland is almost totally hospital clinic based Cigarette smoking is identified as the major problem to be addressed Patients with diabetes meltitus (DM) are at a higher risk of developing vascular complications, including coronary artery disease (CAD). cache = ./cache/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004675-n8mlxe7p author = nan title = 2019 CIS Annual Meeting: Immune Deficiency & Dysregulation North American Conference date = 2019-02-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 86427 sentences = 5050 flesch = 46 summary = However, the mean infusion rate per site was similar between patients aged <18 years ( XMEN disease (X-linked Immunodeficency with Magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection and Neoplasia) is a primary immune deficiency caused by mutations in MAGT1 and characterized by chronic infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), EBV-driven lymphoma, CD4 T-cell lymphopenia, and dysgammaglobulinemia. We present the case of a 1-year old Hispanic infant with a pathogenic variant in MAGT1 gene that clinically manifested with early Pneumocystis jirovecii and cytomegalovirus (CMV) interstitial pneumonia, and EBV chronic infection with good response to intravenous immunoglobulins supplementation without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or gene therapy. Chief, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, IDGS, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA Hypomorphic Recombination Activating Gene 1 (RAG1) mutations result in residual T-and B-cell development in both humans and mice and have been found in patients presenting with delayed-onset combined immune deficiency with granulomas and/or autoimmunity (CID-G/AI). cache = ./cache/cord-004675-n8mlxe7p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004675-n8mlxe7p.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000721-leedutqo author = Nawaz, Sameena title = Human Bocaviruses Are Not Significantly Associated with Gastroenteritis: Results of Retesting Archive DNA from a Case Control Study in the UK date = 2012-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3199 sentences = 162 flesch = 50 summary = Human bocavirus (HBoV)s, which are associated with respiratory infections, have also frequently been detected in stool samples in cases of gastroenteritis, and a tentative association between HBoVs, and in particular type-2 HBoVs, and gastroenteritis has previously been made. The aim of this study was to determine the role of HBoVs in gastroenteritis, using archived DNA samples from the case-control Infectious Intestinal Disease Study (IID). In the genotype-specific assays 106 of the 324 HBoV-positive samples were genotyped, with HBoV-1 predominantly found in controls whilst HBoV-2 was more frequently associated with cases of gastroenteritis (p<0.01). The prevalence of HBoV-2 in children in the UK was significantly lower than that reported in a study in Australia, in which HBoV-2 was detected in 17.2% and 8.1% of the cases and controls, respectively [22] . Human bocavirus in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis: a case-control study cache = ./cache/cord-000721-leedutqo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000721-leedutqo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022147-istz1iql author = nan title = Procedures to Investigate Waterborne Illness date = 2016-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 38204 sentences = 1874 flesch = 50 summary = • Identifying illness associated with an exposure and verifying that the causative agent is waterborne • Detecting all cases, the causative agent, and the place of exposure • Determining the water source, mode of contamination, processes, or practices by which proliferation and/or survival of the etiological agent occurred • Implementing emergency measures to control the spread of the outbreak • Gathering information on the epidemiology of waterborne diseases and the etiology of the causative agents that can be used for education, training, and program planning, thereby impacting on the prevention of waterborne illness • Determining if the outbreak under investigation is part of a larger outbreak by immediately reporting to state/provincial/national epidemiologists In the instance of a bottled water outbreak, halting of distribution and sale of product and recall of product, some of which may already be in consumers' homes, are necessary to prevent further illness. cache = ./cache/cord-022147-istz1iql.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022147-istz1iql.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256260-9jatvium author = Han, Yuanyuan title = COVID-19 in a patient with long-term use of glucocorticoids: A study of a familial cluster date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2293 sentences = 148 flesch = 62 summary = Here, we report a familial cluster of COVID-19 where a 47-year-old woman with long-term use of glucocorticoids did not develop any symptoms within the 14-day quarantine period but was confirmed with COVID-19 by tested positive of antibody on day 40 after she left Wuhan. In December 2019, a novel pneumonia resulting from SARS-CoV2, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan [1, 2] . However, a tremendous number of patients who were still in their incubation period traveled across China before the lockdown date due to Chinese New Year, resulting in the widespread transmission of COVID-19. The SARS-CoV2 nuclei acid test from nasopharyngeal swabs was negative, but her IgM and IgG antibodies were positive. By further examining their epidemiological data, we find that the incubation period of COVID-19 and the shedding duration of SARS-CoV2 might be extremely long in this case. cache = ./cache/cord-256260-9jatvium.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256260-9jatvium.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022597-9b1a8cri author = nan title = Hematopoietic Tumors date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 39255 sentences = 2396 flesch = 46 summary = Hepatosplenic lymphoma is a relatively uncommon, distinct presentation in the dog marked by a lack of peripheral lymphadenopathy in the face of hepatic, splenic, and bone marrow infiltration with malignant lymphocytes, usually of T-cell origin. The prognosis for canine lymphoma varies and depends on a number of factors, such as the location of disease, the extent of disease (the clinical stage), the presence or absence of clinical signs (the substage), the histologic grade, the immunophenotype (T cell or B cell), exposure to previous chemotherapy or corticosteroids and subsequent development of MDR (see Chapter 11), altered cell death processes (apoptosis), the proliferation rate of the tumor, the presence of concurrent medical problems or paraneoplastic conditions (e.g., hypercalcemia, weight loss, and liver insufficiency), and possibly gender.* Although canine lymphoma is rarely curable (fewer than 10% of cases), complete responses and a good quality of life during extended remissions and survival are typical. cache = ./cache/cord-022597-9b1a8cri.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022597-9b1a8cri.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-014687-0am4l5ms author = nan title = SPR 2012 date = 2012-03-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 98592 sentences = 5600 flesch = 43 summary = This presentation will focus on recent developments that have lead to a better understanding of the embryopathogenesis for fibropolycystic liver diseases (including choledochal cysts and Caroli disease), histopathological findings that have led to new classification systems for of pediatric vascular anomalies, technological advances and contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging that are useful to characterize and limit the differential diagnosis of hepatic masses. Disclosure: Dr. Annapragada has indicated that he is a stock holder and consultant for Marval Biosciences Inc. Paper #: PA-067 Cardiovascular Image Quality Using a Nanoparticle CT Contrast Agent: Preliminary Studies in a Pig Model Rajesh Krishnamurthy, Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, rxkrishn@texaschildrens.org; Ketan Ghaghada, Prakash Masand, Abhay Divekar, Eric Hoffman, Ananth Annapragada Purpose or Case Report: Image quality in a separate study using a long circulating, liposomal-based nanoscale blood pool iodinated contrast agent (NCTX) suggests clinical utility in pediatrics, potentially reducing difficulties in contrast-CT of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) including the size of intravenous cannula, need for accurate timing, inability to simultaneously opacify multiple targets of interest (requiring repeated contrast administration and/or repeated imaging). cache = ./cache/cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt txt = ./txt/cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-103291-nqn1qzcu author = Chapman, Lloyd A. C. title = Inferring transmission trees to guide targeting of interventions against visceral leishmaniasis and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis date = 2020-02-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5931 sentences = 323 flesch = 53 summary = ú CI = credible interval, calculated as the 95% highest posterior density interval † risk of subsequent VL/asymptomatic infection if susceptible ‡ based on assumed infectiousness § in the absence of background transmission and relative to living directly outside the case household. Based on the relative infectiousness of VL and the di erent 151 types of PKDL from the xenodiagnostic data, in the absence 152 of any other sources of transmission, the estimated probability 153 of being infected and developing VL if living in the same 154 household as a single symptomatic individual for 1 month 155 following their onset was 0.018 (95% CI: 0.013, 0.024) for VL 156 and ranged from 0.009 to 0.023 (95% CIs: (0.007,0.013)-(0.018, 157 0.031)) for macular/papular PKDL to nodular PKDL. We estimate the historical asymptomatic infection rate, ⁄0, by fitting the model to age-prevalence data on leishmanin skin 186 test (LST) positivity amongst non-symptomatic individuals from a cross-sectional survey of three of the study paras conducted 187 in 2002 (28) (see Figure S4 ). cache = ./cache/cord-103291-nqn1qzcu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-103291-nqn1qzcu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024564-ff5ex004 author = Ricoca Peixoto, Vasco title = Epidemic Surveillance of Covid-19: Considering Uncertainty and Under-Ascertainment date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2792 sentences = 135 flesch = 44 summary = Addressing under-ascertainment of cases is relevant in most surveillance systems, especially in pandemics of new diseases with a large spectrum of clinical presentations as it may influence timings of policy implementation and public risk perception. From this perspective, this article presents and discusses early evidence on under-ascertainment of COVID-19 and its motifs, options for surveillance, and reflections around their importance to tailor public health measures. In the case of COVID-19, systematically addressing and estimating under-ascertainment of cases is essential to tailor timely public health measures, and communicating these findings is of the utmost importance for policy making and public perception. One document of the European Centre of Disease Control (ECDC) [10] reports that "the detection of CO-VID-19 cases and/or deaths outside of known chains of transmission is a strong signal that social distancing mea-sures should be considered." However, with restrictive testing strategies, these signals may be missed. cache = ./cache/cord-024564-ff5ex004.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024564-ff5ex004.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006790-lye0qjw8 author = Song, R. title = Surveillance of the first case of human avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Beijing, China date = 2013-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2779 sentences = 191 flesch = 58 summary = A number of specimens from the environment of this cluster and from the feces specimens tested positive for viral RNA of the H7N9 virus on the fourth day following onset of the index case's illness. A number of specimens from the environment of this cluster and from the feces specimens tested positive for viral RNA of the H7N9 virus on the fourth day following onset of the index case's illness. Fifteen hours after the fever began, the pharyngeal swab collected from the index case tested positive for the H7N9 virus by RT-time PCR. Pharyngeal swabs collected from the index case's mother tested positive for the H7N9 virus on 12 April and 14 April and were negative after 15 April. Although the family members of the index case were all exposed to asymptomatic chickens infected with H7N9 virus, they presented with distinct outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-006790-lye0qjw8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006790-lye0qjw8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-020544-kc52thr8 author = Bradt, David A. title = Technical Annexes date = 2019-12-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6170 sentences = 471 flesch = 51 summary = However, if Dukoral is readily available and staff are properly trained in its use according to the guidelines that come with the vaccine, the COTS program PERMITS Dukoral's use (ideally before an outbreak) in the following high-risk populations: refugee populations in which cholera is present, health care workers managing cholera cases, and communities in which the incidence rate is greater than 1 in 1000 annually." [2] Epidemiological Surveillance (specific to cholera) cache = ./cache/cord-020544-kc52thr8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-020544-kc52thr8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-245047-d81cf3ms author = Gupta, Sourendu title = Epidemic parameters for COVID-19 in several regions of India date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5029 sentences = 295 flesch = 65 summary = Bayesian analysis of publicly available time series of cases and fatalities in different geographical regions of India during April 2020 is reported. One point about the quality test that is developed here is that absolute numbers are not as important for it as the check that fatalities and identified cases are independently tracing the same rate of growth of the epidemic. Conversely, the regions which lie above the diagonal (namely Indore, Mumbai, and Pune, and, possibly, Chennai) could be seeing an increased growth in infections, not yet visible in fatalities because of the same time lag. Counts of known cases and fatalities of COVID-19 from five cities (Ahmedabad, Chennai, Delhi, Indore, and Mumbai), one district (Pune), and three states (Gujarat, Kerala and West Bengal) was investigated in this work. Since fatalities track cases with a delay of 17.8 days on the average, the early part of this data could track the growth in the time before the lock-down. cache = ./cache/cord-245047-d81cf3ms.txt txt = ./txt/cord-245047-d81cf3ms.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022756-kdgo4rqb author = nan title = Hematopoietic Tumors date = 2012-11-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 42445 sentences = 2381 flesch = 43 summary = Hepatosplenic lymphoma is a relatively uncommon, distinct presentation in the dog marked by a lack of significant peripheral lymphadenopathy in the face of hepatic, splenic, and bone marrow infiltration with malignant lymphocytes, usually of T-cell origin. In a randomized study of 60 dogs with lymphoma comparing CHOP-based chemotherapy with CHOPbased chemotherapy and a human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) DNA cationic-lipid complexed autologous whole tumor cell vaccine, a small measure of immunomodulation was documented by delayed-type hypersensitivity; however, significant improvement in clinical outcome was not noted. 263 Total body irradiation (and/or ablative chemotherapy) for complete or partial bone marrow ablation followed by reconstitution with bone marrow or stem-cell transplant in dogs, although a recognized model in comparative research settings, 264,265 is still in its early phases of development and application in clinical veterinary It is associated with slow progression and long-term survival following corticosteroid management; however, it does have the potential to progress to high-grade lymphoma. cache = ./cache/cord-022756-kdgo4rqb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022756-kdgo4rqb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018714-i291z2ju author = Criado, Paulo Ricardo title = Adverse Drug Reactions date = 2016-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 23904 sentences = 1177 flesch = 38 summary = • If possible identify the physiopathologic mechanism involved in the reaction; • Identify as rapidly as possible the drug inducing the reaction and always opt for its withdrawal; in some circumstances the choice is difficult as there is no alternative drug and its use is essential for the maintenance of life; • A careful and intensive observation is recommended for the occurrence of warning signs regarding the appearance of a potentially severe adverse drug reaction, especially in relation to mucous, oral, ocular, and genital involvement and progression of any present cutaneous eruption; • It is imperative that the drug responsible may be withdrawn on a permanent basis together with chemically related com-pounds, and this advice is also valid for first-degree relatives who can present the same type of reaction. cache = ./cache/cord-018714-i291z2ju.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018714-i291z2ju.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-221717-h1h2vd3r author = Scabini, Leonardo F. S. title = Social Interaction Layers in Complex Networks for the Dynamical Epidemic Modeling of COVID-19 in Brazil date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8576 sentences = 410 flesch = 55 summary = Therefore this study presents a new approach to model the COVID-19 epidemic using a multi-layer complex network, where nodes represent people, edges are social contacts, and layers represent different social activities. The SIR model on networks works as follows: each node represents a person and, the elements are connected according to some criteria and the epidemic propagation happens through an agent-based approach. At the end of the evolution of a SIR model applied to a network, the number of nodes in each SIR category (susceptible, infected and recovered) can be calculated for each unit of time evaluated and then compare these data with real information, for example, the hospital capabilities of the health system. Unlike the traditional SIR model, which consists of a single β term to describe the probability of infection, here we propose a dynamic strategy to better represent the real world and the new COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025337-lkv75bgf author = Vakkuri, Ville title = “This is Just a Prototype”: How Ethics Are Ignored in Software Startup-Like Environments date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6722 sentences = 373 flesch = 54 summary = However, there is only limited research on methods and tools for implementing AI ethics in software development, and we currently have little knowledge of the state of practice. Yet, little is currently known about software development practices and methods in the context of AI ethics, as empirical studies in the area are scarce. The dynamic between actions and concerns was considered a tangible way to approach the focus of this study: practices for implementing AI ethics. The ethical concerns they had in relation to accountability were in general largely related to existing areas of focus in software development. Nonetheless, some of the ethical issues such as error handling and transparency of systems development were tackled in a systematic manner through existing software engineering practices such as code documentation and version control. • Even when ethics are not particularly considered, some currently commonly used software development practices, such as documentation, support EAD. cache = ./cache/cord-025337-lkv75bgf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025337-lkv75bgf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-126419-u61qc8ey author = Qi, Chong title = Model studies on the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 980 sentences = 74 flesch = 66 summary = We study the increases of infections and deaths in Sweden caused by COVID-19 with several different models: Firstly an analytical susceptible-infected (SI) model and the standard susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. Our analysis shows that, irrespective of the possible uncertainty of our model prediction, the next few days can be critical for determining the future evolution of the death cases (Updated April 02). Within the basic research community, quite a few mathematical and physical models have been proposed [1] [2] [3] [4] to study the evolution of the infected cases, aiming to make reliable predictions and to help the governments to make proper strategic preparedness and response plans. The above Woods-Saxon function seems to agree rather well with the data on reported COVID-19 death cases from China where the pandemic period may be expected to be over. Our simulations show that all SI, SIR, SID models describe well the reported infected cases show rather modest increase in the near future which is very promising. cache = ./cache/cord-126419-u61qc8ey.txt txt = ./txt/cord-126419-u61qc8ey.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028444-bl9ahsxk author = Sarfo, Anthony Kwabena title = Application of Geospatial Technologies in the COVID-19 Fight of Ghana date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4601 sentences = 268 flesch = 56 summary = This research sought to highlight the use of geospatial technologies in the fight against COVID-19 in Ghana with best practices from China where the infections originated from; present the trends in Ghana and model near future trends of the virus. This app coupled with WorldPop analyses aided in the mapping of mobility patterns and tracking of infected cases or pandemics, hence, giving credence to how powerful spatial analysis methods are in modeling the spread of disease, pattern detection, delineating and hotspots and determination of possible future occurrences (Gardner 2020) . Comparing population distribution and COVID-19 cases (Fig. 5) , there is seemingly a link in infection trends and the regional level of Ghana's population distribution.. The modeling was based on mobility dynamics, current COVID-19 cases, population dynamics, and the rate of SARS-CoV2 infection in Ghana. cache = ./cache/cord-028444-bl9ahsxk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028444-bl9ahsxk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005816-i54q5gsu author = nan title = 10(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery: May 13–17, 2009 Antalya, Turkey date = 2009-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 83124 sentences = 5617 flesch = 53 summary = Several factors such as the initial lack of symptoms, a low diagnostic sensitivity of the CT (34% false negatives), and the nonoperative management of solid organ injuries, have contributed to a delayed diagnosis in one of every five patients in our series, but this has not led to a significant increase in septic complications in this group. Method: The demographic features, the treatments, the intensity of the illness and mortality rate of the 155 patients in Afyon Kocatepe University General Surgery clinic between the years 2006 Background: Enterocutaneous fistula continues to be a serious surgical problem. Introduction: In our previous study, we examined the treatment results of burn patients older than 45 years, and found a significant increase in mortality with increasing age groups. Methods: Data on emergency surgical cases and admissions to the surgical service over a 3-month period were collected and analyzed; this included patient demographics, referral sources, diagnosis, operation, and length of stay (LOS Conclusion: Emergency workload represents a significant part of the work for the general surgeons. cache = ./cache/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-144860-a4i9vnjz author = Nason, Guy P. title = Rapidly evaluating lockdown strategies using spectral analysis: the cycles behind new daily COVID-19 cases and what happens after lockdown date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3904 sentences = 204 flesch = 60 summary = Here we show that transformed new daily COVID-19 cases for many countries generally contain three cycles operating at wavelengths of around 2.7, 4.1 and 6.7 days (weekly). However, we show that there are considerable and useful similarities in the underlying cyclic (spectral) behaviours of the numbers of new daily COVID-19 cases for a range of different countries (see Extended Data figures). Using data [2] from all of the countries we considered, our results show that transformed new daily COVID-19 cases have three underlying cycles: one operating at a wavelength of 2.7 days, a second at 4.1 days and a third at 6.7 days, which we take to be a weekly effect. Given the similarity of the cycles across countries, this indicates that cases could be monitored and pooled across regions, over a short number of days to be fused into longer effective samples using the methods described here. cache = ./cache/cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-244687-xmry4xj4 author = Hsieh, Chung-Han title = On Control of Epidemics with Application to COVID-19 date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5667 sentences = 431 flesch = 72 summary = Having defined the two problems, our main results are a set of sufficient conditions on a class of linear control policy which assures that the epidemic is"well-controlled"; i.e., both of the infected cases and deceased cases are upper bounded uniformly and the number of infected cases converges to zero asymptotically. In this section, to understand the contagion process and the evolution of the epidemic, we assume that there exists a control policy u(·) which assures that infected cases I(k), susceptible cases S(k), recovered cases R(k) and deceased cases D(k) are all nonnegative for all k with probability one. With the aids of Theorem 4.2 and Lemma 4.4, we see that if we take linear feedback policy with constant gain; i.e., u(k) = KI(k) and assuming that δ max < v min ( such that infected cases I(k) ≤ M D for all k with probability one. cache = ./cache/cord-244687-xmry4xj4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-244687-xmry4xj4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018761-vm86d4mj author = Bradt, David A. title = Technical Annexes date = 2017-11-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10430 sentences = 805 flesch = 53 summary = cache = ./cache/cord-018761-vm86d4mj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018761-vm86d4mj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022512-939pika7 author = Merck, Melinda D. title = Clinical Management of Large-Scale Cruelty Cases date = 2015-12-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4658 sentences = 239 flesch = 47 summary = The veterinarian plays a role in the planning of the operation, at the crime scene, the temporary shelter, and the hospital receiving cats for more advanced treatment. Shelter design should take into account the number of cats, special housing needs, ease of handling, infectious disease, temperature control, airflow, foot traffic, noise levels, animal stress, and environmental enrichment. The standard medical protocols enacted depend on the known existing conditions and diseases within the population, the expected length of stay in the temporary shelter, and the expected disposition of the cats; however, a variety of infectious diseases (including respiratory, enteric, and dermatologic pathogens) should be expected. 9 Based on observed diarrhea findings at the scene, within the temporary shelter, or diagnostic test results, it may be reasonable to treat all cats for coccidiosis. The clinical management of large-scale feline cruelty cases starts at the scene and continues to the temporary housing in a shelter or hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-022512-939pika7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022512-939pika7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-200185-oz2x9a9s author = Agrawal, Shubhada title = City-Scale Agent-Based Simulators for the Study of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in the Context of the COVID-19 Epidemic date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8540 sentences = 558 flesch = 60 summary = While medicines/vaccines for treating the disease remained under development at the time of writing this paper, many countries implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions such as testing, tracing, tracking and isolation, and broader approaches such as quarantining of suspected cases, containment zones, social distancing, lockdown, etc. Third, agent-based models are well suited to study the impact of various non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as "lockdown for a certain number of days", "offices operating using the 1 See [5] for a state-level epidemiological model for India and [6] for a combination of the two approaches. We study the impact of two containment strategies for Bengaluru: soft ward containment (i.e., linearly-varying mobility control that turns an open ward into a locked ward when the number of hospitalised cases become 0.1% of the wards population; in the latter locked scenario, only 25% mobility is allowed for essential services, see Figure 4 ) and neighbourhood containment (i.e., when an individual is hospitalised, everyone living in a 100m surrounding area undergoes home quarantine). cache = ./cache/cord-200185-oz2x9a9s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-200185-oz2x9a9s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017016-twwa9djm author = Tomashefski, Joseph F. title = Aspiration, Bronchial Obstruction, Bronchiectasis, and Related Disorders date = 2008 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 20053 sentences = 1313 flesch = 40 summary = These occult aspirations may lead to interstitial fibrosis, and perhaps account for the 20% to 54 % incidence of associated and unexplained pulmonary fibrosis in patients with esophageal abnormalities, most commonly hiatal hernia or simple reflux,39,40 The role of reflux in asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic cough, recurrent pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and sudden infant death syndrome has been reviewed by Allen et al. 130 In their reviews, Phillips and Rao l3l and Penner and colleagues130 note that similar predisposing factors as those with community-acquired pneumonia, such as aspiration and abscess formation, pertain to this entity, but the location helps distinguish it from the other typical sites of aspiration, When in the upper lobes, it appears to progress through necrotizing pneumonia with thrombosis of arteries (pulmonary and bronchial) and veins, [129] [130] [131] Although not strictly abiding by the foregoing definition (of localization in upper lobe), in one case total unilateral lung gangrene was attributed to hilar vessel involvement following treatment of a massive hilar recurrence of Hodgkin's disease. cache = ./cache/cord-017016-twwa9djm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017016-twwa9djm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-206391-1dj285h8 author = Yan, Donghui title = Estimating the Number of Infected Cases in COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3605 sentences = 195 flesch = 66 summary = Thus the number of newly reported cases at any particular day within this time window might be mixed, in the sense that it would include both cases that are infected both before (but were in dormant period) and after the report date. That is, those cases with a dormant period extending more than T days post-report will be truncated and not included inD type1 , with the total count of such truncated cases being 'cancelled out' by the newly infected cases within the post-report time window of a properly chosen length T . Due to the lack of reported case data for individual states by age groups, we use the overall estimate, which is 87.94% according to discussions in Section 2.2, for the ratio of type II cases for all the states. cache = ./cache/cord-206391-1dj285h8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-206391-1dj285h8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-128436-xndrlnav author = Granozio, Fabio Miletto title = Comparative analysis of the diffusion of Covid-19 infection in different countries date = 2020-03-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1939 sentences = 104 flesch = 61 summary = The comparative analysis of the registered cases curves highlights remarkable similarities, especially among Western countries, together with some minor but crucial differences. We analyse here the data of three of the countries that registered at the date of March 15 the highest cumulative number of registered cases, i.e. China, Italy, and South Korea. The comparison of the plots shows that, in spite of the extremely fast growth rate ( =2.4d, corresponding to a doubling time of one day) the rapid response of the Korean society allowed to switch the growth to a slower rate before reaching 500 registered infected people. When plotted with the appropriate relative time scale (IT reference, DE, FR -9d, ES -10d, US -11d), the data show how early or late the different countries deviated from the red exponential "phase #1" curve with  ~2.0d, D ~2.0d. cache = ./cache/cord-128436-xndrlnav.txt txt = ./txt/cord-128436-xndrlnav.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-247554-535cpe5x author = Moustakas, Aristides title = Ranking the explanatory power of factors associated with worldwide new Covid-19 cases date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3584 sentences = 169 flesch = 46 summary = Data driven analysis of epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention variables was performed in order to select the optimal variables in explaining new Covid-19 cases across all countries in time. To that end methods that can account for both spatial and temporal autocorrelation [17] in the data of new Covid-19 cases but can quantify the effect of each epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention are key to our understanding of how the disease spreads in populations worldwide [18, 19] . Hierarchical Variance Partitioning (HVP) statistical modelling was implemented to account for the contribution of each data driven epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention explanatory variable to the total variance of new Covid-19 per million cases [29, 30] . Results from variance partitioning of the data-driven selected 9 epidemiological, public health, economic, and governmental intervention variables explaining Covid-19 new cases per million across countries through time, indicated that the vast majority of new cases per million are explained by the number of tests conducted. cache = ./cache/cord-247554-535cpe5x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-247554-535cpe5x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006818-2lclcf1x author = Tibary, A. title = Reproductive emergencies in camelids date = 2008-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12124 sentences = 687 flesch = 44 summary = The objective of the present paper is to review the most common reproductive emergencies in male, female, and neonatal camelids. Pregnant females may present with a variety of emergency clinical syndromes, ranging from severe colic, downer (lateral or sternal continuous recumbency), anorexia, diarrhea, depression, neurologic conditions, excessive straining, vaginal discharge, premature lactation, vulvar dilation, or vaginal prolapse. Difficulties encountered in transrectal evaluation for uterine torsion include physical limitations, particularly in alpacas (tight anal sphincter, narrow pelvis and size of the examiner's hand and arm), as well as a lack of experience palpating late-pregnant camelids in a sternal position. Regarding obstetrical procedures, there are three major differences between camelids and ruminants: (1) the pelvic inlet is narrower; (2) the cervix and vaginal are more prone to laceration and severe inflammation (often leading to adhesions); (3) risks for neonatal hypoxia and death are increased by the forceful uterine and abdominal contractions and the rapid detachment of the microcotyledonary placenta. cache = ./cache/cord-006818-2lclcf1x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006818-2lclcf1x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034961-4lpjo9a5 author = dos Santos, Bruno Pereira title = Is COVID-19 the current world-wide pandemic having effects on the profile of psychoactive substance poisonings? date = 2020-11-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1456 sentences = 66 flesch = 48 summary = For this purpose, data was gathered from cases of intoxication by the five main classes of psychoactive substances: anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and recreational drugs, arriving at the Toxicological Information Center of Rio Grande do Sul, from March to July 2019 and from March to July 2020 ( Table 1 ). While quarantine can be effective in reducing the number of suicide attempts, the number of individual accidents has increased expressively (Table 1) , mainly associated with recreational drugs, anticonvulsants, and benzodiazepines, especially accidents with children up to 5 years old. For instance, children aged 0-5 years showed a serious increase in cases of intoxication by recreational drugs, of + 275%, followed by more than + 30% in anticonvulsants and benzodiazepines. Furthermore, individuals over 19 years old, showed a substantial increase in the consumption of recreational drugs, with + 48.0% and only + 3.0% in antipsychotics, as opposed to other classes which decreased, justifiable by a reduction in suicide attempts. cache = ./cache/cord-034961-4lpjo9a5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034961-4lpjo9a5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-249166-0w0t631x author = Booss-Bavnbek, Bernhelm title = Dynamics and Control of Covid-19: Comments by Two Mathematicians date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7251 sentences = 424 flesch = 60 summary = We give an overview of the main branches of mathematics that play a role and sketch the most frequent applications, emphasising mathematical pattern analysis in laboratory work and statistical-mathematical models in judging the quality of tests; demographic methods in the collection of data; different ways to model the evolution of the pandemic mathematically; and clinical epidemiology in attempts to develop a vaccine. A few physicians suggested that every epidemic ends because there are finally not enough people left to be infected, which is a naïve predecessor to the mathematical-epidemiologic concept of Herd Immunity (see Sect. Parallel to the entering the scene of these and other epidemics, and partly motivated by them, basically new mathematical tools of public health emerged in the first part of the 20 th Century, preceded by a few studies in the late 19 th . Dealing with large epidemics mathematically was no longer a matter of demography alone, although that continued to be the main tool for estimating number of cases and deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029410-m19od0wj author = Scatti-Regàs, Aina title = Clinical features and origin of cases of parotiditis in an emergency department() date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1034 sentences = 55 flesch = 48 summary = 2 Some of the infectious agents other than MuV that may be involved in parotitis as a general clinical presentation include influenza A virus, parainfluenza virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), adenovirus, coxsackievirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), parvovirus B19, herpesvirus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, as well as gram-positive bacteria, atypical mycobacteria and Bartonella species. We carried out a retrospective study through the collection of data corresponding to 2 full years (2016 and 2017), including all patients given a diagnosis of parotitis (with swelling of the parotid glands being a requirement for inclusion) in the paediatric emergency department of a tertiary ଝ Please cite this article as: Scatti-Regàs A., Aguilar-Ferrer M.C., Antón-Pagarolas A., Martínez-Gómez X., González-Peris S. Another 5 patients received an aetiological diagnosis of parotitis due to MuV by serologic testing (positive IgM test), adding up to a total of 18 cases caused by MuV. Patients with MuV infection were significantly older compared to children with a different aetiological agent (median age, 14.3 vs 6.5 years; P = .005). cache = ./cache/cord-029410-m19od0wj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029410-m19od0wj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007331-wccmeaep author = Orcutt, Connie J. title = Emergency and Critical Care of Ferrets date = 2017-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9943 sentences = 593 flesch = 45 summary = Differential diagnoses for the ferret in respiratory distress include pleural effusion (cardiac disease, neoplasia, infection, heartworm disease, hypoproteinemia, metabolic disease); pulmonary edema (cardiac disease, hypoproteinemia, metabolic disease, electrical cord bite); anterior mediastinal mass; pneumonia; pneumothorax; diaphragmatic hernia; tracheal obstruction; metabolic disease (acidosis); and profound weakness (circulatory collapse, hypoglycemia, anemia).21,36 Hyperthermia or pain may also manifest as dyspnea in ferrets. In contrast to the canine patient, diarrhea in the ferret is difficult to classify as being small intestinal or large intestinal in character.26 Differential diagnoses for diarrhea include GI foreign body or trichobezoar, dietary indiscretion, Helicobacter mustelae gastritis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis or other inflammatory bowel disease, neoplasia, metabolic disease (i.e., hepatopathy), clostridial overgrowth subsequent to prolonged antibiotic administration, influenza, rotavirus (usually in very young, unweaned ferrets), eDV (generally accompanied by respiratory signs and a crusting dermatitis), epizootic catarrhal enteritis ("green slime disease"), GI parasitism (i.e., coccidiosis, giardiasis), and proliferative bowel disease. cache = ./cache/cord-007331-wccmeaep.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007331-wccmeaep.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015947-kgyl052w author = Oommen, Seema title = Emerging Respiratory Pandemics date = 2016-02-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2480 sentences = 153 flesch = 55 summary = • The common clinical presentation [ 1 , 6 , 7 ] of most respiratory pandemic viruses is that of an 'infl uenza-like illness (ILI)': an acute respiratory infection with sudden onset of fever (temperature of >38 °C or >100.4 °F), chills, myalgia and a non-productive cough. • A history of contact, in the preceding 10 days of symptom onset with poultry or with a known case in the countries detected to have human avian infl uenza cases, has to be elicited. • Multiplex PCR can detect simultaneously other viruses causing a similar clinical picture like the seasonal infl uenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus. • In case of H5N1, close contacts of strongly suspected cases of human avian infl uenza and personnel handling infected poultry are advised oseltamivir as chemoprophylaxis [ 10 ] . cache = ./cache/cord-015947-kgyl052w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015947-kgyl052w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254340-e1x0z3rh author = Cruz, Christian Joy Pattawi title = Exploring the young demographic profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong: Evidence from migration and travel history data date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4963 sentences = 227 flesch = 59 summary = Using detailed case data from Hong Kong's Centre for Health Department and Immigration Department, we analyze the sex and age distribution of the confirmed cases along with their recent travel histories and immigration flows for the period January to April 2020. Our analysis highlights Hong Kong's high proportion of imported cases and large overseas student population in developing COVID-19 hotspot areas such as the United Kingdom. Our study includes an examination of the age and sex distribution of the COVID-19 confirmed cases in Hong Kong and an exploration of how the different measures to combat this outbreak resulted in a relatively low number of cases and deaths. In this paper, we highlight the potential impact of the young profile of the confirmed cases on the total number of mortalities and the effect of early, aggressive policy measures including travel bans, enforced quarantines and contact-tracing imposed by the Hong Kong government as early as January 27, 2020 in containing the spread of the COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254955-q5gb4qkq author = Singh, B. P. title = Forecasting Novel Corona Positive Cases in Indiausing Truncated Information: A Mathematical Approach date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3403 sentences = 236 flesch = 66 summary = Novel corona virus is declared as pandemic and India is struggling to control this from a massive attack of death and destruction, similar to the other countries like China, Europe, and the United States of America. The time of point of inflexion is found in the end of the April, 2020 means after that the increasing growth will start decline and there will be no new case in India by the end of July, 2020. For the spread of novel corona virus, when disease dynamics are still unclear, mathematical modeling helps us to estimate the cumulative number of positive cases in the present scenarios. We obtained the truncated information on cumulative number of corona positive confirmed cases in India from March 13 to April 2, 2020 from covid19india.org. For example in the corona virus case, the maximum limit would be the total number of exposed people in India because when everybody is infected, the growth will be stopped. cache = ./cache/cord-254955-q5gb4qkq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254955-q5gb4qkq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253851-27nt0op8 author = Koh, David title = SARS: health care work can be hazardous to health date = 2003-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1451 sentences = 78 flesch = 56 summary = Health care workers (HCWs) are a high-risk group for SARS-CoV infection. As at 4 May, 41% of 203 SARS patients in Singapore and 22% of 1629 cases in Hong Kong [7] were HCWs. The majority of cases in Canada (74.4%) have been attributed to exposure in a hospital or health care setting [8] . That the cluster of cases included housekeepers is also significant-preventive measures need to target much broader groups of HCWs than just the doctors and nurses in direct contact with patients. This was the case in a Singapore hospital [11] , where the experience was reported as: 'We did not see any further transmission from this index patient after we implemented strict infection control measures involving use of N95 masks, gown, gloves, and handwashing before and after patient contact'. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts cache = ./cache/cord-253851-27nt0op8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253851-27nt0op8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253542-twn07poq author = Nikolay, Birgit title = Evaluating Hospital-Based Surveillance for Outbreak Detection in Bangladesh: Analysis of Healthcare Utilization Data date = 2017-01-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6903 sentences = 332 flesch = 39 summary = METHODS AND FINDINGS: We propose a framework to evaluate the sensitivity and representativeness of hospital-based surveillance and apply it to severe neurological infectious diseases and fatal respiratory infectious diseases in Bangladesh. We estimated the probability of surveillance detecting different sized outbreaks by distance from the surveillance hospital and compared characteristics of cases identified in the community and cases attending surveillance hospitals. We estimated the probability of surveillance detecting different sized outbreaks by distance from the surveillance hospital and compared characteristics of cases identified in the community and cases attending surveillance hospitals. We quantified case detection probabilities by distance from a surveillance hospital using log-binomial regression analysis separately for severe neurological and fatal respiratory disease cases. We described an analytic approach for evaluating the sensitivity and representativeness of hospital-based surveillance systems and applied it to surveillance for severe neurological diseases and fatal respiratory infectious diseases in Bangladesh. cache = ./cache/cord-253542-twn07poq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253542-twn07poq.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006854-o2e5na78 author = nan title = Scientific Session of the 16th World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery, Jointly Hosted by Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) & Canadian Association of General Surgeons (CAGS), Seattle, Washington, USA, 11–14 April 2018: Poster Abstracts date = 2018-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 166047 sentences = 10353 flesch = 47 summary = Totally Laparoscopic ALPPS Combined with the Microwave Ablation for a Patient with a Huge HCC Hua Zhang; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Introduction: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is a novel technique for resecting hepatic tumors that were previously considered unresectable due to the insufficient future liver remnant (FLR) which may result in postoperative liver failure (PLF). Not only does this case show that a large epiphrenic diverticulm can be successfully resected via the trans-abdominal laparoscopic approach, this case makes the argument that patients undergoing any minimally-invasive epiphrenic diverticulectomy and myotomy, with or without fundoplication, may be successfully managed with early post-operative contrast studies and dietary advancement, thus decreasing their length of hospitalization and overall cost of treatment. Introduction: There are reports of increased operative duration, blood loss and postoperative morbidity, caused by difficulties in obtaining good visualization and in controlling bleeding when laparoscopic resection is performed in obese patients with colon cancer. cache = ./cache/cord-006854-o2e5na78.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006854-o2e5na78.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262413-jm4qmpeg author = Mao, Suling title = Epidemiological analysis of 67 local COVID-19 clusters in Sichuan Province, China date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4069 sentences = 188 flesch = 49 summary = BACKGROUND: This study was intended to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 clusters and the severity distribution of clinical symptoms of involved cases in Sichuan Province, so as to provide information support for the development and adjustment of strategies for the prevention and control of local clusters. Ten cases were exposed before the confirmed cases they contacted with developed clinical symptoms, and the possibility of exposure to other infection sources was ruled out; two clusters were caused by asymptomatic carriers; confirmed cases mainly presented with fever, respiratory and systemic symptoms; a gradual decline in the severity of clinical symptoms was noted with the increase of the case generation. In this study, information about all local clusters was exported from sub-module "Emergency Public Reporting System" and data about related confirmed cases and asymptomatic carriers from sub-module "Infectious Disease Management Information System". cache = ./cache/cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255814-k203h9jq author = Abou-Al-Shaar, Hussam title = The Undetermined Destiny of Case Reports in the Era of Sophisticated Medicine date = 2017-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 857 sentences = 60 flesch = 51 summary = In 1910, Dr. Harvey Cushing first encountered the disease in a 23-year-old woman, who is historically known as "Minnie G." The patient had an unusual and complex clinical presentation in the form of obesity, hypertrichosis, amenorrhea, overdevelopment of secondary sexual characteristics, low-grade hydrocephalus, and increased cerebral tension. 4 Because of such single case reports, the clinical symptoms of the disease were described and were named after Cushing. 6 The disease was initially described as a single case, and extensive reporting of more cases expanded our understanding of the nature of such an infection, its origin, route of transmission, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and clinical implications. 7 The value of case reports is also evident by their role in delineating hidden unusual disease associations, 8, 9 novel genetic discoveries, 10 new surgical techniques and technical nuances, 11 unique thought-provoking disease pathogenesis, 12 decision-making challenges and conundrums, 13 cutting-edge management innovations, 14 and unusual complications. cache = ./cache/cord-255814-k203h9jq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255814-k203h9jq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256553-iw5squ6n author = Neiva, Mariane Barros title = Brazil: the emerging epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3639 sentences = 204 flesch = 60 summary = RESULTS: Results show that while other countries have flattened their curves and present low numbers of active cases, Brazil continues to see an increase in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS: All analyses show that Brazil is not ready for reopening, and the premature easing of restrictions may increase the number of COVID-19-related deaths and cause the collapse of the public health system. However, one can see that Brazil and the United States, the second and first countries, respectively, in the number of confirmed cases, do not follow the same patterns in the new cases/deaths and active case graphs, as shown in Figures 1g and 1h . This is because São Paulo is the industrial center FIGURE 3: Besides the high number of cases in Brazil, the country is known for its lower testing rate. cache = ./cache/cord-256553-iw5squ6n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256553-iw5squ6n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253256-909chgl0 author = Bajwa, Sukhminder Jit Singh title = Peri-operative and critical care concerns in coronavirus pandemic date = 2020-03-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4543 sentences = 238 flesch = 46 summary = In this article, all outbreak response measures including triaging, preparation of isolation rooms, decontamination and disinfection protocols as well as fundamental principles of critical care and anaesthetic management in Covid-19 cases is being discussed. The need of the hour therefore is to update ourselves with clinicopathological spectrum of the deadly disease and provide evidence based medical services to all hospitalized cases with suspected Covid-19 infection. All the recommendations below have been influenced by the past experiences of corona virus outbreaks and desire improved measures for personal protection of health care workers and consequent prevention of nosocomial transmission of infection. Planning for anaesthesiaand surgery in covid-suspect cases Anaesthesiologists and intensivists are the soldiers at the final frontier of corona disaster as all patients landing up in the hospital with severe respiratory distress will be primarily seen under their domain. Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient cache = ./cache/cord-253256-909chgl0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253256-909chgl0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259126-5d4p8woi author = Pinotti, Francesco title = Tracing and analysis of 288 early SARS-CoV-2 infections outside China: A modeling study date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4541 sentences = 255 flesch = 51 summary = BACKGROUND: In the early months of 2020, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread rapidly from China across multiple countries worldwide. We collected data on COVID-19 cases outside China during the early phase of the pandemic and used them to predict trends in importations and quantify the proportion of undetected imported cases. Countries outside China promptly reinforced border controls and intensified active surveillance to rapidly detect and isolate importations, trace contacts, and isolate suspect cases [3, 4] . We modeled the total number of imported cases out of China over time accounting for date of travel, delay in reporting, and source areas. At that time, indeed, case definition for the importation of a COVID-19 suspect case was based exclusively on China as the origin of exposure or travel [54, 55] , with few exceptions including East Asian countries [56, 57] . cache = ./cache/cord-259126-5d4p8woi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259126-5d4p8woi.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255140-3dwqqgv1 author = Christian, Michael D. title = Biowarfare and Bioterrorism date = 2013-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9451 sentences = 516 flesch = 42 summary = Although some experts state that the risk of a largescale bioterrorist attack is low, 7 in a more recent analysis, US Senators Graham and Talent quote their conclusion form the Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism in 2010, which stated "unless the world community acts decisively and with great urgency, it is more likely than not that a [biologic] weapon of mass destruction will be used in a terrorist attack somewhere in the world by the end of 2013." 8 Anthrax in particular remains such a concern, because of both the lethality of the agent and also the potential availability given the number of governments that produced weaponized anthrax in the past. The mode of deployment as a biological weapon in the past has often been through infected vectors 22 ; however, a modern bioterrorist would most like deploy the agent via aerosolization and it could present as: primary pneumonic tularemia (inhalation), oculoglandular tularemia (eye contact), ulceroglandular (broken skin contact), or oropharyngeal (mucous membrane contact without deep inhalation). cache = ./cache/cord-255140-3dwqqgv1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255140-3dwqqgv1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006849-vgjz74ts author = nan title = 27th International Congress of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Sevilla, Spain, 12–15 June 2019 date = 2019-09-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 222162 sentences = 14023 flesch = 48 summary = Methods: We are performing this procedures within a prospective randomized trial that is design to compare the long term results of LRYGB-B versus the standard laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.The video shows our technique in a case of a 46 years old female with a BMI of 46 Kg/m2. Material and methods: We present a video of the surgical intervention of a 32-year-old patient, with functional dyspepsia, with a casual diagnosis of a pseudocystic mass of the right colon after performing a CT scan: giant diverticulum of the hepatic colon angle with fecaloid content inside it under tension The patient goes to the emergency room for acute abdominal pain, pending colonoscopy, antibiotic treatment is established, and a laparoscopic approach is decided upon after the patient's evolution. Method: We present the case of a 65-year-old patient with surgical antecedent of laparoscopic low anterior resection due to rectal cancer, presenting in postoperative period an anastomosis leakage with severe peritonitis was identified and a laparotomy with end colostomy was performed. cache = ./cache/cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262623-lmf2h6oc author = Light, R. Bruce title = Plagues in the ICU: A Brief History of Community-Acquired Epidemic and Endemic Transmissible Infections Leading to Intensive Care Admission date = 2009-01-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7817 sentences = 318 flesch = 42 summary = In addition to the HIV pandemic, the smaller epidemic outbreaks of Legionnaire's disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and severe acute respiratory syndrome, among many others, points out the potential risk associated with a lack of preplanning and preparedness. In the late 1970s, emergency rooms and ICUs throughout North America began to see an increasing number of young menstruating women presenting with a previously little-known syndrome characterized by sudden onset of a high fever, often associated with vomiting and diarrhea, quickly followed by severe hypotension. At the beginning of the epidemic, most patients presenting for care with HIV/AIDS and Pneumocystosis were severely ill with diffuse pneumonia and hypoxemic respiratory failure and many died, 80%-90% in most centers, prompting widespread debate about whether such patients should even be admitted to ICU for mechanical ventilatory support. cache = ./cache/cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256995-itiz6mqv author = Christoffersen, S. title = The importance of microbiological testing for establishing cause of death in 42 forensic autopsies date = 2015-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2722 sentences = 144 flesch = 47 summary = C-reactive protein levels were raised in 14 cases of the 19 cases, histological findings either supported or were a decisive factor for the classification of microbiologically related cause of death in 14 cases. In a retrospective study including 42 autopsies performed at our Institute, where microbiological test had been applied, analyses were made with regard to: type of microbiological tests performed, microorganisms found, histological findings, antemortem information, C-reactive protein measurement and cause of death. In a retrospective study including 42 autopsies performed at our Institute, where microbiological test had been applied, analyses were made with regard to: type of microbiological tests performed, microorganisms found, histological findings, antemortem information, C-reactive protein measurement and cause of death. Microbiological sampling remains an important part of the autopsy yielding the cause of death in 42.8% of the cases in which it was performed. cache = ./cache/cord-256995-itiz6mqv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256995-itiz6mqv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262787-3a3c8ee1 author = Ray, Debashree title = Predictions, role of interventions and effects of a historic national lockdown in India's response to the COVID-19 pandemic: data science call to arms date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7829 sentences = 429 flesch = 53 summary = Objective: To study the shortand long-term impact of an initial 21-day lockdown on the total number of COVID-19 cases in India compared to other less severe non-pharmaceutical interventions using epidemiological forecasting models and Bayesian estimation algorithms; to compare effects of hypothetical durations of lockdown from an epidemiological perspective; to study alternative explanations for slower growth rate of the virus outbreak in India, including exploring the association of the number of cases and average monthly temperature; and finally, to outline the pivotal role of reliable and transparent data, reproducible data science methods, tools and products as we reopen the country and prepare for a post lock-down phase of the pandemic. Results: Our predicted cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in India on April 30 assuming a 1-week delay in people's adherence to a 21-day lockdown (March 25 April 14) and a gradual, moderate resumption of daily activities after April 14 is 9,181 with upper 95% CI of 72,245. cache = ./cache/cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261256-iwdusvrw author = Gandolfi, Alberto title = Planning of school teaching during Covid-19 date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8612 sentences = 417 flesch = 62 summary = The key differences with the usual SEIR model [14] are: an external source of infection [15] , [19] , the possibility of transmission limited to 7 hours per working day; a control indicating from the start whether, for each day, schools are open or closed; and the presence of asymptomatic individuals. As benchmark cases we consider the full closure and the complete opening of the school, which is to say, the two most extreme choices of a fully remote teaching or regular 7 hours a day in-class activities for the whole year. In addition, we indicate of each parameter the range of values for which the optimal solution achieves a substantial reduction with respect to complete opening, but limited to determining at most an 100% increase in the number of cases with respect to school closure. cache = ./cache/cord-261256-iwdusvrw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261256-iwdusvrw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262104-oig3qrr7 author = Brüssow, Harald title = COVID‐19: Test, Trace and Isolate‐New Epidemiological Data date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7118 sentences = 365 flesch = 53 summary = Very similar information was reported in data describing household transmission in Wuhan, where children showed a 4% infection rate compared with 17% in adults. 1.6 million tests were used to identify 1'400 SARS-CoV-2-positive cases; 1000 patients had had exposure to infected people from Hubei. In Wuhan, 105 index cases of patients suffering from moderate COVID-19 symptoms (fever, cough, fatigue) were investigated for secondary transmission to 392 household contacts. The control measures that stopped the epidemic locally have included: intense infection surveillance of incoming travelers; isolation of COVID-19 cases in hospitals; contact tracing and quarantine in holiday camps; and school closure but no lock-down, thus preventing the crisis from having a negative economic impact. Model calculations showed that the containment measures (the quarantine of exposed, and the isolation of infected persons) which depleted the number of susceptible individuals for the virus, reproduced the actually observed case development. cache = ./cache/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259984-csdf1a69 author = Raffiq, Azman title = COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Neurosurgery Practice in Malaysia: Academic Insights, Clinical Experience and Protocols from March till August 2020 date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16400 sentences = 871 flesch = 47 summary = For emergent/unavoidable case for a known or undetermined COVID-19 patient, the surgeon and all OT personnel in the surgical suite should use PAPR, which filter the air being breathed in addition to face shields and other standard PPE. In routine clinical care of COVID-19 suspected or confirmed infections, surgical masks are acceptable PPE, except in the case of aerosol generating procedures (intubation, high flow nasal cannula, non-invasive ventilation, bronchoscopy, administration of nebulised medications, etc). Hospitals, professional societies and ministries of health could also provide physician and nursing staff with basic ICU and ventilator management refresher education to improve their capacity to care for COVID-19 patients. Designated COVID-19 hospitals may not be able to support all elective cases, in particular those that require post-operative intensive care or significant use of blood and blood products Surgeons, in consultation with anaesthetist, nursing colleagues as well as patients (or legally accepted next of kin), should weigh the risks of proceeding (exposure, lack of resources) against those of deferment, (progression of disease, worse patients outcomes) including the expectation of delay of 2-3 months or more or until the COVID-19 is less prevalent Figure 6 . cache = ./cache/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264037-43yr6qon author = Kang, Yun-Jung title = Lessons Learned From Cases of COVID-19 Infection in South Korea date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2855 sentences = 188 flesch = 61 summary = The highly contagious virus known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected Case No. 31 in Daegu; she was the first patient related to Sincheonji Church. This study, through collecting epidemiological data about various COVID-19 infection cases, discovered that getting together in large groups leads to mass infection, and that paying close attention to personal hygiene by means of wearing masks, sanitary gloves, etc., can prevent the spread of COVID-19. This study collected and studied various cases of COVID-19 infections to the time of this writing to determine measures of prevention against the spread of the disease, while suggesting a managerial direction for public health, which is in urgent demand now. The temporary conclusion of this study, based on limited epidemiological data and information on confirmed cases currently available, is that group meetings lead to mass infections of COVID-19, and that caring for individual hygiene by wearing masks and sanitary gloves can prevent its spread. cache = ./cache/cord-264037-43yr6qon.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264037-43yr6qon.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262646-64ldtrjf author = Chuang, Pei-Hung title = A dynamic estimation of the daily cumulative cases during infectious disease surveillance: application to dengue fever date = 2010-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4148 sentences = 198 flesch = 55 summary = This study proposes a dynamic statistical model to estimate the daily number of new cases and the daily cumulative number of infected cases, which was then applied to historic dengue fever data. Our results show that when an infectious disease required a time-consuming process for diagnosis, such as the dengue fever using the previously mentioned protocol, the actual daily number of infected cases and cumulative positive cases are potentially underestimated. The Figure 3 and Table 1 for cumulative cases showed that a gamma distribution is a more appropriate assumption for the onset-todiagnosis time when estimating the probability of being a positive case using the dengue fever example; nonetheless, the difference between the gamma and the nonparametric method is again only slight except towards the end stage of the epidemic after January 1. This study has proposed a statistical method that more accurately estimates the real-time daily new cases and daily cumulative number of infected cases using a dengue fever epidemic as an example. cache = ./cache/cord-262646-64ldtrjf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262646-64ldtrjf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264486-o01s0upf author = Du, Wenjun title = Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children compared with adults in Shandong Province, China date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3160 sentences = 186 flesch = 59 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children compared with adults in Shandong Province, China We reported on the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of children cases to help health workers better understand and provide timely diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Retrospectively, two research centers' case series of 67 consecutive hospitalized cases including 53 adult and 14 children cases with COVID-19 between 23 Jan 2020 and 15 Feb 2020 from Jinan and Rizhao were enrolled in this study. Laboratory tests and chest computed tomographic (CT) scans were also evaluated and the results suggested that decreased lymphocyte counts and bilateral pneumonia were common clinical features, especially in severe cases [7, 8] . In this study, we analyzed and compared the epidemic characteristics and clinical features in children and adults in Shandong Province, China. This is because a lower inflammatory response to lung injuries causes milder clinical symptoms in children compared with adults. cache = ./cache/cord-264486-o01s0upf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264486-o01s0upf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260299-0blol7to author = Karadag, Engin title = Increase in COVID‐19 cases and case‐fatality and case‐recovery rates in Europe: A cross‐temporal meta‐analysis date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2734 sentences = 150 flesch = 59 summary = In this study, the case‐increase, case‐fatality, and case‐recovery rates of COVID‐19 in 36 European countries were analyzed with the meta‐analysis method using data released by the health organizations and WHO. Therefore, the epidemiological characteristics, case-increase, casefatality, and case-recovery rate of COVID-19 in Europe using the data of a 3-month period from 24 January until today were found using the method of meta-analysis. All search results were evaluated ( Figure 1) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the final analysis was conducted on 1 744 704 COVID-19 diagnosed cases in 36 countries. The study examined the increase of COVID-19 cases in European countries using cross-temporal meta-analysis. Increase in COVID-19 cases and case-fatality and case-recovery rates in Europe: A cross-temporal meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-260299-0blol7to.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260299-0blol7to.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269457-i02brfzr author = Kabba, Mustapha S. title = Gossypiboma with perforation of the umbilicus mimicking a complicated urachal cyst: a case report date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2059 sentences = 122 flesch = 42 summary = title: Gossypiboma with perforation of the umbilicus mimicking a complicated urachal cyst: a case report We report an unusual case of a gossypiboma mimicking a complicated urachal cyst that led to perforation of the umbilicus. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old female patient presented in our facility with a palpable periumbilical mass and discharge of pus from the umbilicus for 7 months after an open appendectomy. Preventive measures as well as the inclusion of gossypibomas in the differential diagnosis of intraabdominal masses or fistulation detected in patients with a history of surgery are of utmost importance to minimize morbidity, mortality, and potential medicolegal implications. The presentation of our patient with a periumbilical mass and discharge of pus at the umbilicus prompted the potential differential diagnosis of an infected urachal cyst. This case shows that the diagnosis of gossypiboma can be complicated by its nonspecific presentation, which clinically and radiologically imitates other common pathologies, such as abscesses and tumors, and rare conditions, such as urachal cysts. cache = ./cache/cord-269457-i02brfzr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269457-i02brfzr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264266-6xvj9zey author = Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra title = COVID-19 in India: Are Biological and Environmental Factors Helping to Stem the Incidence and Severity? date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3845 sentences = 175 flesch = 46 summary = Apart from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV which caused severe respiratory diseases following outbreaks in 2003 and 2012, there are four endemic human corona viruses, HCoV-229E, HCoV NL-63, HCoV-OC4, HCoV-HKU1 in populations that are responsible for various types of respiratory illness which are generally self-limiting in young and immunecompetent persons [8] . It can be assumed that some degrees of sequence homology or conformational similarities among the structural proteins, especially the S protein, of SARS-CoV-2 and the endemic corona viruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV NL-63, HCoV-OC4, HCoV-HKU1) may result in cross-reactive immunity (circulating antibodies or primed T-cells) in persons with prior exposure to the latter viruses, and this may modulate the course and outcome of COVID-19. Thus, the possibility of a protective cross-immunity in the Indian population against COVID-19 cannot be ignored in explaining a rather mild effect of the current coronavirus pandemic in India in comparison to that in Europe and the USA. Therefore, cross-reactive antibodies generated as a result of infections from other human corona viruses may have a protective role in a population affected by COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-264266-6xvj9zey.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264266-6xvj9zey.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273573-a9inlk96 author = Jaeger, Gry title = Haemorrhagic pneumonia in sled dogs caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus - one fatality and two full recoveries: a case report date = 2013-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3812 sentences = 230 flesch = 50 summary = title: Haemorrhagic pneumonia in sled dogs caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. Following training on the 4th day post-vaccine, several dogs in the kennel started to cough, and 24 hours later there were more animals in the pack with an intensive cough. In a study of experimental parvovirus infection in dogs, Potgieter and others [13] observed that dogs vaccinated with modified live CDV and CAV-1 five days before Figure 6 Control radiograph of the lung of case 2 eight weeks after admission to hospital. zooepidemicus is not normally carried by dogs, but it can probably cause disease in a situation where there is high level exposure from diseased dogs or other sources in the environment, an on-going viral infection, temperature stress, transport stress, intense exercise associated with training and competition and vaccine induced immunosuppression. Outbreak and control of haemorrhagic pneumonia due to Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus in dogs A clonal outbreak of acute fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia in intensively housed (shelter) dogs caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. cache = ./cache/cord-273573-a9inlk96.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273573-a9inlk96.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266077-l13wv186 author = Shenoy-Bhangle, Anuradha S title = Prospective Analysis of Radiology Resource Utilization and Outcomes for Participation in Oncology Multidisciplinary Conferences date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3668 sentences = 174 flesch = 44 summary = MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following institutional review board approval, prospective data on all MDCs covered by abdominal radiologists at a single tertiary care academic center were obtained over nine weeks. CONCLUSION: Section-wide radiologist participation in MDCs directly resulted in change in clinical management in nearly half of reviewed cases. MDC impact on radiology and pathology workflow was previously studied in a single conference setting, highlighting time demands, but without a translation into cost, or reference to outcomes (11) . The data from each case was then measured for four basic outcomes that highlighted contributions directly attributable to the radiologist: 1) Any changes from the original imaging report that the attending radiologist deemed clinically impactful to warrant presentation at MDC, 2) changes in cancer staging for oncology cases, and 3) instances when the radiologist either recommended a new diagnostic imaging study at the MDC, or 4) recommended cancelling a planned follow-up imaging study for lack of added value. cache = ./cache/cord-266077-l13wv186.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266077-l13wv186.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273913-xem3alih author = Marraha, Farah title = A Review of the Dermatological Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4225 sentences = 234 flesch = 48 summary = In this review, we discuss these various cutaneous manifestations and skin problems related to personal protective equipment, as well as different cutaneous anti-COVID-19 drug-associated reactions. e first case infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan, China, in late November 2019. ese skin lesions can guide clinicians for diagnosis if the patients present other COVID-19 symptoms; however, viral infection cannot be the only cause; mediated inflammatory responses and drug reactions can also be suspected. e aim of our literature review is to report the various cutaneous manifestations described to date associated with COVID-19, the skin problems related to personal protective equipment, and the different cutaneous anti-COVID-19 drug reactions [6, 7] . e frequency of the skin lesions associated with COVID-19 infection varies according to the series; in a Chinese study of 1099 positive cases, the incidence was only 0.2%, while in an Italian series of 88 patients it was 20.4% [42] . cache = ./cache/cord-273913-xem3alih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273913-xem3alih.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280394-v2pwvst7 author = Ma, Lin-Lu title = Developments, Evolution, and Implications of National Diagnostic Criteria for COVID-19 in China date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2885 sentences = 135 flesch = 47 summary = Therefore, we aim to share our experience with the rest of the world based on an analysis of the evolving changes in the diagnostic criteria incorporated in the different versions of China's national guidelines for COVID-19. In the first edition, three types were described: observed case, confirmed case, and critical case; however, from the second edition onwards, the term "observed case" has been changed to "suspected case, " and the criteria for "severe case" has been added. However, this item was deleted from the second edition onwards, but "a history of contact with patients with fever or respiratory symptoms from Wuhan city within the last 14 days before symptom onset, or with a cluster of confirmed cases" was added. Hence, in the fifth edition of the guideline, suspected patients who had imaging features of pneumonia in Hubei Province were considered as clinically diagnosed cases, and then given standardized treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-280394-v2pwvst7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280394-v2pwvst7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-014794-yppi30a0 author = nan title = 19th European Congress of Pathology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 6-11, 2003 date = 2003-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 158059 sentences = 9041 flesch = 44 summary = These parts were in a high percentage associated with fibrosis and lymphocyte rich areas and showed a higher mitotic activity than usual PTCs. Discussion The differences in the occurrence of TCV and TCmorphology between the presented series and previously reported cases might result from until now not clearly defined tall cell morphology as well as from similarities to PTCs, such as the oxyphilic variant, which is extremely rare in our series, and maybe also from often described squamous changes within PTCs. Due to these data it is not clear which tumor parts have relevance for prognosis and which tumors should be treated more aggressively than others. The aims of this study were to characterize the group of patients with BSOT and evaluate the significance of various molecular markers expression versus serous papillary ovarian carcinomas (SPOC) Material and methods We analyzed a total of 102 cases including: 64 cystadenoma, 10 borderline and 28 cystadenocarcinoma. cache = ./cache/cord-014794-yppi30a0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-014794-yppi30a0.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-019347-tj3ye1mx author = nan title = ABSTRACT BOOK date = 2010-02-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 107926 sentences = 6940 flesch = 53 summary = Method:Case Report:A 15y/o w/f athlete presented with a two month history of recurrent hives and angioedema which she associated with ingestion of Halloween candy .One week before evaluation she had hives with Coconut as well.Her history was othewise unremarkable except for recurrent UTI'S, annual sinusitis, pneumonia in 1998 as well as migraines.She denied sexual activity.Her physical exam was normal.Results:An evaluation for autoimmune disease revealed normal ESR, ANA, DSDNA, mono and hepatitis serology as well as lyme titers however her CH50 was low17u/ml(normal 26-58U/ml)and evaluation of complement revealed c4 14mg/dl(normal 16-47mg//dl)and c2 <1.3mg/dl(normal 1.6-3.5mg/dl)with normal c3, c5-c9.Her father had nor-malc4 but c2 was 1.4mg/dl (normal 1.6-3.5mg/dl)Her sister had c2 of 1.5mg/dl and normal c4 and her mother had normal c2 and c4.Her workup included positive prick skin test to ragweed, ash and grass and she was started on Rhinocort and Clarinex seasonally.She has been followed for one year with resolution of hives and is asymptomatic.Her diagnosis had been confirmed by a pediatric rheumatologist.Conclusion;We present an atypical case of C2 complement deficiency in an currently asymptomatic individual. cache = ./cache/cord-019347-tj3ye1mx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-019347-tj3ye1mx.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022650-phsr10jp author = nan title = Abstracts TPS date = 2018-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 119675 sentences = 7010 flesch = 55 summary = 0685 | Skin prick test reactivity to aeroallergens in adult allergy clinic in a tertiary hospital: a 12-year retrospective study Results: Five different human sera were screened for specific IgE level against 29 different allergen sources using test methods of three different suppliers. Conclusion: This multicenter prospective study confirmed that stepwise single-dose OFC to egg will help to clarify the severity of egg allergy, and will contribute to improved food allergy manageMethod: The study design was a retrospective cohort study extracting data from the electronic chart of children older than 4 years who visited our out-patient clinic for egg or milk allergy and who underwent an oral food challenge test (OFC) twice within 24 months between November 2013 and December 2017. Results: In the base case analysis, using Italy clinical practice patients with moderate-to severe allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (SS ranging from 6 to 15 points) and a mean age at entry of 21 years, both SCIT and SLIT were associated with increased cost but superior efficacy compared to pharmacotherapy alone. cache = ./cache/cord-022650-phsr10jp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022650-phsr10jp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275978-pezm1tnw author = Riccardo, Flavia title = Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Italy and estimates of the reproductive numbers one month into the epidemic date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5549 sentences = 310 flesch = 55 summary = Methods We analysed data from the national case-based integrated surveillance system of all RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infections as of March 24th 2020, collected from all Italian regions and autonomous provinces. However, once interventions are introduced or the susceptibility in the population decreases, the transmission potential at a given time t is measured as the net reproduction number Rt. In this paper, we estimated both R0 and Rt for Italian regions in different epidemiological situations (high, intermediate and low age-adjusted attack rates), selected among those with highest data robustness. In this paper, we summarize key epidemiological findings from data on the first 62,843 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Italy, including 5,541 associated deaths, and initial findings on SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility across different regions. In this paper, we summarize key epidemiological findings from data on the first 62,843 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Italy, including 5,541 associated deaths, and initial findings on SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility across different regions. cache = ./cache/cord-275978-pezm1tnw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275978-pezm1tnw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284017-1fz90e3k author = Henríquez, Josefa title = The first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5723 sentences = 322 flesch = 59 summary = Although the first case diagnosed with COVID-19 was registered at the end of January, the Spanish health authorities did not undertake measures until one month later, moment when a systematic and exponential increase in registered cases and deceases was observed. To tackle with the outbreak and contain the spread, the management of public health policies were centralized within the Ministry of Health and the authorities undertook exceptional measures based on a generalized lockdown by which the majority of the economic activity ceased for several weeks. Until May, the ISCIII released daily information at regional level regarding confirmed cases (through different testing methods), hospitalizations as well as referrals to Intensive Care Units (ICU), deceased and recovered cases. Despite the measures to tackle with COVID-19 have been centralized by the Ministry of Health and implemented homogeneously across the country, we have shown that the pandemic has had a different impact across Spanish provinces. cache = ./cache/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282530-55lhjfm8 author = Carsana, Luca title = Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3429 sentences = 160 flesch = 41 summary = [6] [7] [8] [9] We describe the lung histopathological findings from a large series of patients who died from COVID-19 in northern Italy, with the aim of reporting the main micro scopic pulmonary lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe respiratory failure. To our knowledge, these data represent the first relevant provisional information regarding tissue damage specifically induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), besides the previously described diffuse alveolar damage, a feature that characterises interstitial pneumonia regardless of infectious agent. 3, 4, 11, 14 In two autopsy studies of patients who died from SARS (eight cases from Singapore 11 and 20 cases from Toronto), 3 the predominant pattern of lung injury was diffuse alveolar damage, including the exudative and proliferative phases. In a case report of a patient who died from COVID-19 in China, the histological findings in the lungs included desquamation of pneumocytes, diffuse alveolar damage, and oedema. cache = ./cache/cord-282530-55lhjfm8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282530-55lhjfm8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288389-z0sz1msj author = Fanoy, Ewout B title = Travel-related MERS-CoV cases: an assessment of exposures and risk factors in a group of Dutch travellers returning from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, May 2014 date = 2014-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2974 sentences = 175 flesch = 57 summary = title: Travel-related MERS-CoV cases: an assessment of exposures and risk factors in a group of Dutch travellers returning from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, May 2014 BACKGROUND: In May 2014, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, with closely related viral genomes, was diagnosed in two Dutch residents, returning from a pilgrimage to Medina and Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: All travellers, including the two cases, completed a questionnaire focussing on potential human, animal and food exposures to MERS-CoV. Exposure to MERS-CoV during a hospital visit is considered a likely source of infection for Case 1 but not for Case 2. Investigation of an imported case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in two returning travellers in the Netherlands World Health Organization: Case-Control Study to Assess Potential Risk Factors Related to Human Illness Caused by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cache = ./cache/cord-288389-z0sz1msj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288389-z0sz1msj.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277173-zdft23q8 author = Cauchemez, Simon title = Methods to infer transmission risk factors in complex outbreak data date = 2012-03-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6669 sentences = 406 flesch = 59 summary = cases rather than the uninfected, but potentially susceptible bulk of the population, they can say little about the risk factors for infection or provide estimates of transmissibility in different contexts (e.g. households, schools or as a function of distance between a susceptible and an infected individual). We present a relatively generic statistical model for the estimation of transmission risk factors, and discuss algorithms to estimate its parameters for different levels of missing data. We present a relatively generic statistical model for the estimation of transmission risk factors, and discuss algorithms to estimate its parameters for different levels of missing data. For a directly transmitted disease, the first step to estimate transmission risk factors is usually to propose a model for transmission hazard l i!j ðtjQÞ from case i to subject j on day t, i.e. define l i!j ðtjQÞ as a function of the individual covariates z i (t) and z j (t) and a set of parameters Q. cache = ./cache/cord-277173-zdft23q8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277173-zdft23q8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286477-0euaaspo author = Li, Xiaochen title = Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan date = 2020-04-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3243 sentences = 190 flesch = 57 summary = This study aims to describe and compare the 141 epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics as well as the 142 complications, treatment and outcomes of hospitalized patients with nonsevere and severe 143 COVID-19. Comparison of findings between nonsevere and severe cases in 223 the patients with positive viral nucleic acid test pre-admission showed essentially the similar 224 differences to that in the total patients (see Table E1 in the Online Repository). In the follow-up period, the complications of COVID-19 were assessed , including acute 297 respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (38.3%), cardiac injury (21.7%), liver dysfunction (19.3%), 298 acute kidney injury (17.3%), bacteremia (7.7%), diffuse intravascular coagulation (7.7%), and 299 hyperglycemia (33.2%) ( This study provided a comprehensive data on the epidemiological, demographic, clinical, 338 laboratory, and radiological characteristics as well as the complications, treatment, and outcomes 339 of hospitalized patients with nonsevere and severe COVID-19 in Wuhan. cache = ./cache/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283294-fvhq8yud author = Skalet, Alison H. title = Considerations for the Management and Triage of Ocular Oncology Cases during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1307 sentences = 88 flesch = 45 summary = title: Considerations for the Management and Triage of Ocular Oncology Cases during the COVID-19 Pandemic To the extent possible, ocular oncology surgical cases for malignant tumors and some visionthreatening benign tumors should proceed during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The availability of local resources and perceived risk for COVID-19 exposure asso-Mruthyunjaya/Gombos Ocul Oncol Pathol 2 DOI: 10.1159/000507734 ciated with care given a region's burden of disease may also factor into decision-making. It is important to note that while retinoblastoma care does not fall into an urgent category due to optimal timing for serial interventions, the continuation of retinoblastoma care including examinations under anesthesia is a critical need and should be prioritized − Nonurgent cases should be deferred for at least 2-3 months or until improved availability of local and national operating room resources Some surgical cases are believed to carry a higher risk for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [4, 5] . cache = ./cache/cord-283294-fvhq8yud.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283294-fvhq8yud.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282561-t1edr9gp author = Gershengorn, Hayley B. title = Pre-Procedural Screening for COVID-19 with Nasopharyngeal Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 861 sentences = 44 flesch = 48 summary = title: Pre-Procedural Screening for COVID-19 with Nasopharyngeal Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing Our cohort consisted of 4,176 cases (3,804 patients In sum, we found that very few (1 in 220) cases had a positive COVID-19 PCR within 7 days preprocedure; this rate was substantially lower (1 in 442) if testing was specifically for "pre-procedural" We were unable to reliably assess the indication for COVID-19 testing in all cases; however, ineffectively excluding symptomatic patients likely biases us towards overestimating screening positivity rates. And, as we learn more about the incubation period, risk of asymptomatic transmission, and exposure potential of COVID-19, it will be important to reconsider policies advocating for testing every patient pre-procedurally, even once. Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-282561-t1edr9gp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282561-t1edr9gp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288052-qfjet2sa author = Paparini, Sara title = Case study research for better evaluations of complex interventions: rationale and challenges date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3888 sentences = 172 flesch = 38 summary = Empirical case studies typically enable dynamic understanding of complex challenges and provide evidence about causal mechanisms and the necessary and sufficient conditions (contexts) for intervention implementation and effects. For example, in an empirical case study of how the policy of free bus travel had specific health effects in London, UK, a quasi-experimental evaluation (led by JG) identified how important aspects of context (a good public transport system) and intervention (that it was universal) were necessary conditions for the observed effects, thus providing useful, actionable evidence for decisionmakers in other contexts [17] . If evaluative health research is to move beyond the current impasse on methods for understanding interventions as interruptions in complex systems, we need to consider in more detail how researchers can conduct and report empirical case studies which do aim to elucidate the contextual factors which interact with interventions to produce particular effects. cache = ./cache/cord-288052-qfjet2sa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288052-qfjet2sa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283215-dgysimh5 author = Al-Jabir, Ahmed title = Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation) date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9055 sentences = 492 flesch = 43 summary = Prioritisation of surgical services during this pandemic must be a careful balance of patient needs and resource availability and the European Association of Urology Guidelines Office offer the following suggestions for factors that must be taken into account [3] Whilst there have been no publication of guidelines by any professional association for the management of stone surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been some guidance published by Proietti et al [48] suggesting telephone triage of patients followed by prioritisation based on stone size and location, the presence of any obstructive uropathy, patient symptoms, presence of any stents or nephrostomy tubes and any other complicating factors such as renal failure or a solitary kidney. With guidelines specific to each specialty being implemented and followed, surgeons should be able to continue to provide safe and effective care to their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-283215-dgysimh5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283215-dgysimh5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279539-s2zv7hr4 author = Narayanan, C. S. title = Modeling the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3812 sentences = 228 flesch = 65 summary = We combine a cohort-based model that determines case fatality rates along with a modified logistic model that evaluates the case incidence to determine the number of deaths in all the US states over time; the model is also able to include the impact of interventions. The number of 34 deaths is a product of the case fatality rate (CFR) and the population confirmed to 35 have been infected [13] . The logistic model forecasts the slow initial rise, exponential growth, and eventual 87 decay of cumulative cases, but cannot account for the changes that result from parameters: the terminal number of cumulative cases (C), the CFR growth rate (r), and 94 the days to the inflection point (t i ). We used a cohort analysis approach to estimate CFR and a modified logistic model 198 (that explicitly accounts for the impact of mitigation efforts) to forecast case incidence 199 on the state level, and afterwards calculated mortality on the state and national levels. cache = ./cache/cord-279539-s2zv7hr4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279539-s2zv7hr4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284810-fs5rx07q author = Blasius, Bernd title = Power-law distribution in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7590 sentences = 449 flesch = 58 summary = To test this hypothesis, we use empirical data 14 to compute the country-level distribution, P, of confirmed COVID-19 cases, n, at the end of March 2020 worldwide and find that it is closely approximated by a truncated power-law, 4, 38 Here, we provide a conceptual dual-scale model that explains the emergence of the power-law distribution by the "superposition" of two concurrent processes: large-scale spread of the virus between countries and small-scale snowballing of case numbers within each country. By combining real world data, modeling, and numerical simulations, we make the case that the distribution of epidemic prevalence, and possibly that of spreading processes in general, might follow universal rules. A straightforward calculation shows that the combination of the two exponential processes generically yields a truncated power-law distribution in the number of cases in countries: Consider an epidemic outbreak that started (the first case reported in a country) at time t = 0. cache = ./cache/cord-284810-fs5rx07q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284810-fs5rx07q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285002-jv91qwjg author = Borthakur, Arijitt title = Radiology Extenders: Impact on Throughput and Accuracy for Routine Chest Radiographs date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3606 sentences = 218 flesch = 46 summary = Impact on throughput was analyzed by measuring flow rates (number of radiograph interpretations finalized per hour) for four subspecialist attending thoracic radiologists under three conditions: independent interpretation, reviewing RE-drafted cases, and reviewing resident-drafted cases. A single observer (A.B.) manually measured the time from examination opening in PACS to final signing in three categories: independently interpreted by the attending radiologist, REdrafted reports, or resident-drafted reports. The major discrepancy rate amounted to less than 2% of all cases and generated only by the REs. Modeling scores with reporter type and examination case mix (ie, accession number) showed a 100-fold greater contribution by the latter variable to the likelihood-ratio c 2 ( Table 1) , regardless of whether the reporter was a resident or an RE. -RE-drafted reports were finalized more rapidly than resident-drafted reports by attending radiologists with insignificant differences in interpretation discrepancy rates. cache = ./cache/cord-285002-jv91qwjg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285002-jv91qwjg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000718-7whai7nr author = nan title = ESP Abstracts 2012 date = 2012-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 166497 sentences = 12847 flesch = 49 summary = Method: We analyzed consecutive gastric cancer cases in terms of AMACR immunohistochemical expression and clinical/pathological characteristics and followed patients' postoperative history. Results: Histological, immunohistochemical and molecular examination revealed non-neoplastic lymphadenopathy with atypical paracortical T-cell hyperplasia with immunoblastic reaction in the former and burnt-out histiocytic pattern in the latter, both falling into a broad spectrum of reactive lymph node changes associated with Still's disease. Method: We have thus collected, from our two Institutions a large number (45 cases) of cancers showing the histological definition of adenosquamous carcinomas according to the WHO criteria and performed gene analysis for k-RAS (codons 12, 13) and EGFR (codons 18, 19 and 21) mutations. Objective: We previously identified amplified fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGFR1) as a therapeutic target for small molecule inhibitor (SMI) therapy in squamous cell lung cancer (L-SCC), resulting in currently running clinical trials treating patients with stage III disease. cache = ./cache/cord-000718-7whai7nr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000718-7whai7nr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021087-n4epxwn9 author = nan title = ECR – Final Programme: Scientific and Educational Exhibits date = 2004 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 154170 sentences = 9372 flesch = 48 summary = Conclusions: MRI is useful to identify tumor response to Imatinib Mesylate in advanced GIST as from the early months of therapy with the following indicators of treatment activity: A) Size of lesions; B) signal intensity; C) vascularization; D) amount of degenerative tissue or necrosis; E) presence of peritoneal fluid. Materials and Methods: 34 patients (13 female, 21 male) from two centres with proven myocardial infarction by ECG, clinical and echo criteria underwent stress/ rest Tc99 sestamibi Gated SPECT scanning with a dual headed gamma camera and late contract enhanced MRI on identical 1.5 Tesla scanners in each centre using a protocol which imaged 15 minutes after injection of 0.1 mmol/kg IV gadolinium. These preliminary results illustrate the ability of MRI to assess the integrity of the TFCC and suggests its use as the first imaging method following plain radiography in the evaluation of patients with chronic posttraumatic pain on the ulnar side of the wrist. cache = ./cache/cord-021087-n4epxwn9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021087-n4epxwn9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288676-wycj1imc author = Saini, Varinder title = Case Finding Strategies under National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4085 sentences = 219 flesch = 55 summary = Looking from the programmatic point of view, with the pre-defined targets set for TB elimination, ACF seems to be an attractive option for early case finding and subsequent treatment, particularly during first 3 years after exposure, when the chances of developing active disease and spreading the infection are the highest. Close monitoring and rapid evaluation of innovative interventions, long term follow up of existing campaigns and carrying out randomized controlled trials in different epidemiological settings for studying the impact of different approaches for effective screening/case finding is urgently required, as we struggle to meet the goals so set forth in the End TB strategy. 35 Training and mobilization of patients, their contacts and socially active persons in the community as peer educators may work wonders in case finding and TB elimination. Active versus passive case finding for tuberculosis in marginalised and vulnerable populations in India: comparison of treatment outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-288676-wycj1imc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288676-wycj1imc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279330-vy0ohgia author = Adamik, B. title = Estimation of the severeness rate, death rate, household attack rate and the total number of COVID-19 cases based on 16 115 Polish surveillance records date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9286 sentences = 656 flesch = 65 summary = title: Estimation of the severeness rate, death rate, household attack rate and the total number of COVID-19 cases based on 16 115 Polish surveillance records Conclusions: The proposed approach derives highly relevant figures on the COVID-19 pandemic from routine surveillance data, under assumption that household members of detected infected are tested and all severe cases are diagnosed. Using this unbiased sample, we derive upper and lower bounds on the age dependent rates of severe progression, death rates and in-household attack rates. Below, we first derive estimators for the bounds on COVID-19 severeness and attack rates, as well as the total number of infected, without taking account for such factors as age or sex. To estimate upper and lower bounds for the COVID-19 severeness rate in Poland, we focused on the secondary case data ( Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-279330-vy0ohgia.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279330-vy0ohgia.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283399-iz4l9i0d author = O’Gorman, C. title = Human metapneumovirus in adults: a short case series date = 2006-03-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1484 sentences = 83 flesch = 41 summary = This study was carried out to further the available information on adult cases of human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a recently described cause of respiratory infection. For adults presenting with respiratory symptoms and a background of pre-existing respiratory disease or who are immunocompromised, nucleic acid-based techniques are a cost-effective means of making the viral diagnosis in a clinically relevant time frame. In young children and elderly patients hMPV is most commonly associated with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis or bronchitis, respectively, whereas in middle-aged adults, it may produce an influenza-like illness, which can be complicated by pneumonitis in the presence of immunocompromising factors [5] . This retrospective observational study reviewed all cases of hMPV detected in patients over 18 years of age, from the time the RT-PCR method was adopted in July 2003 through to January 2005. cache = ./cache/cord-283399-iz4l9i0d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283399-iz4l9i0d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287520-51kmd2ds author = Carneiro, Arie title = Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urologist’s clinical practice in Brazil: a management guideline proposal for low- and middle-income countries during the crisis period date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4537 sentences = 282 flesch = 49 summary = Therefore, most worldwide authorities are recommending to avoid, as much as possible, patient's elective visits to hospitals, as well as a judicious use of the operating room in order to mitigate the strain put on the health system. If it is not possible to separate an entire surgical block, we suggest designating specific rooms for the care of patients with COVID-19 that will not be used for regular cases. The gold standard test for investigation of the upper urinary tract is uro-tomography, but in times when we need to consider the use of resources, ultrasound could potentially be used since many imaging services are overloaded due to the frequent indication of thoracic CTs for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with Sars-Cov-2. -In Intermediate-risk and high-risk non--muscle-invasive bladder cancers: Clinically fit patients with no major comorbidities should receive induction therapy followed by at least 1-year maintenance BCG. cache = ./cache/cord-287520-51kmd2ds.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287520-51kmd2ds.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290116-ytpofa7b author = Sujath, R. title = A machine learning forecasting model for COVID-19 pandemic in India date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3555 sentences = 211 flesch = 59 summary = Figure 5 shows the COVID-19 predicted confirmed cases; death cases and recovered cases based on actual confirmed, death and recovered data with a 95% CI with LR.The graph can be interpreted that cases are going to be increased in future as per the existing case data. Figure 9 shows the predicted impacts of COVID-19 based on the actual data of confirmed, death and recovered cases with 95% CI via LR. Figure 10 predicts the impacts of COVID-19 based on the actual data of confirmed, death and recovered cases with 95% CI through MLP. Figure 12 shows the predicted impacts of COVID-19 death based on the actual data of death cases with 95% CI through MLP. Figure 14 shows the predicted impacts of COVID-19 recovered based on the actual data of recovered cases with 95% CI with MLP. cache = ./cache/cord-290116-ytpofa7b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290116-ytpofa7b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283749-j4600733 author = Itoyama, Satoru title = ACE1 polymorphism and progression of SARS date = 2004-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2975 sentences = 152 flesch = 53 summary = Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE1) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism was previously reported to show association with the adult respiratory distress syndrome, which is also thought to play a key role in damaging the lung tissues in SARS cases. Despite the small sample size, the frequency of the D allele was significantly higher in the hypoxemic group than in the non-hypoxemic group (p =0.013), whereas there was no significant difference between the SARS cases and controls, irrespective of a contact history. Genotypic distribution and allele frequency of the ACE I/D polymorphism in SARS cases and controls with or without contact history to SARS patients were compared (Table 4 ). The ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism has also been reported to be a risk factor of the diseases mentioned above [17] and this might be associated with systemic angiopathy and influence progression of SARS in the lung. Lung pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a study of 8 autopsy cases from Singapore cache = ./cache/cord-283749-j4600733.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283749-j4600733.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288770-hquc2v2c author = Gupta, Rajan title = A Comprehensive Analysis of COVID-19 Outbreak situation in India date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5868 sentences = 303 flesch = 63 summary = With so much happening in India right now, it becomes imperative that we study the current situation and impact of various such events in India through data analysis methods and come up with different plans for future which can be helpful for the Indian administrators and medical professionals. Also, the studies in Indian region from the past are more focused on presenting time series analysis based on the overall data for Indian region rather than covering other sources of information apart from just considering the number of infected patients, so the need to analyze the patients background and information is required for the authorities to get better insight about the situation. Studied like [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] worked on various mathematical models to determine the spread of the disease, predict the number of infected patients, commenting on the preparedness for each country in tackling COVID-19 4 spread and finding the patterns of flattening curve in different conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-288770-hquc2v2c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288770-hquc2v2c.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292719-n5lg43tr author = Chang, Luan-Yin title = Viral infections associated with Kawasaki disease date = 2014-02-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3163 sentences = 169 flesch = 47 summary = To investigate the infectious etiology of Kawasaki disease, we initiated a prospective case-control study to investigate possible links between common viral infections and Kawasaki disease. The infectious evidence of Kawasaki disease includes temporal clustering and marked seasonality, geographic clustering, family clustering, a high association between Kawasaki disease and infectious disease surveillance, and age distribution, for which the highest incidence rates are seen among 6 monthe2-year-old children who have low maternal antibodies and are most susceptible to infections in general. We thus carried out a prospective case-control study to investigate the association of common viral infections with Kawasaki disease to test the above hypothesis. We enrolled Kawasaki disease cases that had fever for over 5 days and at least four of the following five manifestations: neck lymphadenopathy, lip fissure and/or strawberry tongue, skin rash, nonpurulent bulbar conjunctivitis, palm/sole erythema, and induration followed by periungual desquamation. The c 2 test was used to compare the rates of viral isolation and PCR of various viruses between KD cases and the control children. cache = ./cache/cord-292719-n5lg43tr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292719-n5lg43tr.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296229-pkwxlydz author = Liu, Yang title = The contribution of pre-symptomatic infection to the transmission dynamics of COVID-2019 date = 2020-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2880 sentences = 162 flesch = 43 summary = Methods: Using the probability for symptom onset on a given day inferred from the incubation period, we attributed the serial interval reported from Shenzen, China, into likely pre-symptomatic and symptomatic transmission. We did so by first using the incubation period density distribution to calculate the probability of having developed symptoms on each day since infection and then using this to stratify the serial interval distribution, assumed to be a proxy for the generation time, into likely pre-symptomatic and symptomatic onward transmissions. In the scenario of no active case finding and isolation before six days after symptom onset, and assuming uncorrelated serial interval and incubation period distributions, we estimate that 23% (range accounting for correlation: 12 -28%) of onward transmissions in Shenzen have occurred during the pre-symptomatic period ( Figure 2 and Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-296229-pkwxlydz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296229-pkwxlydz.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283979-1dn7at6k author = Portillo, Aránzazu title = Arthropods as vectors of transmissible diseases in Spain() date = 2018-12-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4439 sentences = 249 flesch = 58 summary = 23 Spain was an endemic country of malaria until 1964, when WHO declared it a The risk of emergence/re-emergence is calculated based on three factors: (a) presence of cases of the disease in humans in the last 5 years in Europe, Mediterranean, Central and South American countries with a significant relationship with Spain; (b) presence of the vector in Spain; (c) pathogenicity of the virus for humans. Following this meeting, a special article was published in the New England Journal of Medicine which stated that the distribution of infectious diseases such as Lyme borreliosis, rickettsiosis or West Nile fever are expanding at the same rate as their AVs. 38 We know that climate variations and extreme weather events have a profound impact on AVBD. In relation to this issue, the epidemiology of Mediterranean spotted fever seems clearly associated with climate change, especially with low rainfall values 47 and it has been shown that warming causes greater aggressiveness in its AVs. Table 4 shows the tick-borne diseases throughout the world, with the prediction of risk for Spain (subjective assessments). cache = ./cache/cord-283979-1dn7at6k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283979-1dn7at6k.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293167-3bd3adip author = Nepal, Gaurav title = Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5534 sentences = 311 flesch = 44 summary = Most patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 have presented with a mild clinical course: beginning with fever and dry cough, progressing to a form of mild or moderate respiratory disease, and resolving without specific treatment [2] . A retrospective observational study from Wuhan, China, reported that six (2.8%) patients, out of the 214 reviewed COVID-19 cases, developed ischemic stroke. A retrospective observational study from a different center in Wuhan, China, found eleven (5.0%) patients, out of 221 reviewed COVID-19 cases, developed acute ischemic stroke. Those who had COVID-19 infection with new onset of ischemic stroke were more likely to have a severe SARS-CoV-2 presentation, an advanced age (71.6 ± 15.7 years versus 52.1 ± 15.3 years), and preexisting cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, and previous cerebrovascular disease. A retrospective observational study from Wuhan, China, reported one (0.45%) patient, out of 221 reviewed COVID-19 cases, who developed intracerebral hemorrhage. cache = ./cache/cord-293167-3bd3adip.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293167-3bd3adip.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290206-fmy4zrim author = Lim, Jue Tao title = The Costs of an Expanded Screening Criteria for COVID-19: A Modelling Study date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4208 sentences = 203 flesch = 47 summary = The screening process should therefore maximise sensitivity to minimise the number of missed cases and risk of nosocomial transmission, which occurred in Singapore during another coronavirus outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003. Using ESC, NUH clinicians were able to identify and isolate 13 patients who did not fit the WHO SARS criteria but were eventually confirmed to have SARS, who would have otherwise been potential spreaders (the number of positive and negative cases for SARS are presented in Supplementary Table 1.) 12 Clinicians responded to the COVID-19 crisis similarly, implementing ESC on 7 th February 2020, which was approximately three weeks after the first imported case. At an of 2.5 and incubation period (IP) of 4 days, approximate to estimates by Wu and colleagues 29 for Wuhan, an estimated 240 (95% CI: 200-290) cases would be prevented over 150 days through ESC by isolating patients presenting fever or respiratory symptoms such as cough with their travel and exposure profile not considered (Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-290206-fmy4zrim.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290206-fmy4zrim.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294118-tm2kesum author = Lemos, Daniele Rocha Queiros title = Health system collapse 45 days after the detection of COVID-19 in Ceará, Northeast Brazil: a preliminary analysis date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2358 sentences = 142 flesch = 59 summary = This study aim to describe the epidemiological course of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 and their impact on hospital bed occupancy rates in the first 45 days of the epidemic in the state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: The first 45 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ceará revealed a large number of cases and deaths, spreading initially among the population with a high socioeconomic status. In Brazil, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed on February 26, 2020, and the first death on March 17, both in the state of São Paulo 7 . We describe the epidemiological scenario of cases and deaths from COVID-19 and their impact on hospital bed occupancy rate in the first 45 days (February 17 to April 27, 2020) of the epidemic in Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. The study used an ecological design to compare confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths to bed occupancy rates in Ceará. cache = ./cache/cord-294118-tm2kesum.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294118-tm2kesum.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291307-71s44kbs author = Malhotra, Rajesh title = Conducting orthopaedic practical examination during the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1382 sentences = 90 flesch = 52 summary = BACKGROUND: As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to stay for a longer time, educational activities including residency training have gradually resumed with the aid of virtual tools. The conventional exam pattern involved clinical case presentations and required resident interaction with a number of patients. However, in view of the COVID-19 pandemic we conducted a "zero-patient contact virtual practical exit examination" for orthopaedic residents. CONCLUSION: Orthopaedic residency end-of-training examinations can be successfully conducted during the COVID pandemic, and we hope our experience will be helpful to other residency programs. However, the Covid-19 pandemic posed a few challenges that made conducting the practical 42 exams in a conventional manner unseemly, difficult and impractical. A total of seven 43 candidates completed the tenure of residency training and were appearing for the examination 44 in June 2020 and therefore 28 clinical cases were needed. To overcome both these challenges, our department planned to 50 conduct a "zero-patient contact virtual practical exit examination" for orthopaedic residents. cache = ./cache/cord-291307-71s44kbs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291307-71s44kbs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291363-re45w37d author = Sanville, Bradley title = A Community Transmitted Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to SARS CoV2 in the United States date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1308 sentences = 86 flesch = 53 summary = title: A Community Transmitted Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to SARS CoV2 in the United States The current novel coronavirus (SARS CoV2) outbreak, which was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei, China has spread rapidly causing a significant public health crisis worldwide 1 . Two healthcare workers in contact with the patient at the outside hospital have subsequently tested positive for SARS CoV2. Overall, these reviews note a case fatality rate of 1.40-3.46%, though this may be considerably lower when accounting for a likely large number of mild or asymptomatic patients that were not tested 6, 9, 10 DeWit and colleagues from the NIH, Gilead, and Columbia University successfully treated rhesus macaques against a model of MERS 13 . As noted in a recent editorial, diagnosis becomes even more difficult considering the likelihood of a large number of mild or asymptomatic patients who are not formally identified with a SARS CoV2 infection 18, 19 . cache = ./cache/cord-291363-re45w37d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291363-re45w37d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293430-h4r0jpy5 author = Wang, Tsung-Hsi title = Unexplained Deaths and Critical Illnesses of Suspected Infectious Cause, Taiwan, 2000–2005 date = 2008-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1960 sentences = 103 flesch = 48 summary = We report 5 years' surveillance data from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control on unexplained deaths and critical illnesses suspected of being caused by infection. In 2000, the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control collaborated with academic institutions, medical examiners, local health authorities, and experts from different fi elds to establish a nationwide surveillance center for outbreak and unexplained death investigation due to unknown infectious causes (COUNEX) (Figure) . Local health authorities, hospitals, or clinics report suspected infection-related cases through the "notifiable infectious disease surveillance system," "syndromic surveillance system," and toll-free notification hotline Figure. *If unexplained infectious causes were suspected, COUNEX mobilized an investigation team including experts, fi eld epidemiology training program members, public health workers from the local branch of Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (TCDC), and public health authorities to proceed with further fi eld investigation. cache = ./cache/cord-293430-h4r0jpy5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293430-h4r0jpy5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292709-4hn55wui author = Nor, Mohd Basri Mat title = Pneumonia in the tropics: Report from the Task Force on tropical diseases by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine date = 2017-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4561 sentences = 252 flesch = 44 summary = Various forms of pneumonia including the viral causes such as influenza (seasonal and avian varieties), the coronaviruses and the Hantavirus as well as bacterial causes, specifically the pneumonic form of Yersinia pestis and melioidosis are discussed. The first association of avian influenza H5N1 with clinical respiratory disease was in 1997 in Hong Kong, as a human infection transmitted from birds. In all cases of severe influenza whatever the type bacterial coinfection is possible and as such, appropriate antimicrobial treatment directed toward those organisms causing bacterial acute community acquired pneumonia, and mechanical ventilation as required can reduce the mortality rate. Melioidosis must be considered in the differential of all febrile patients that have visited endemic regions, as antibiotics used routinely for community acquired pneumonia are not effective, and inappropriate therapy in severe disease increases mortality. Interim guidance on the use of antiviral medications for treatment of human infections with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease cache = ./cache/cord-292709-4hn55wui.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292709-4hn55wui.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292490-djp9onk5 author = Verma, V. R. title = Projecting Demand-Supply Gap of Hospital Capacity in India in the face of COVID-19 pandemic using Age-Structured Deterministic SEIR model date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5732 sentences = 264 flesch = 46 summary = Within a short span of time, a localized outbreak evolved into pandemic with three defining characteristics: a) Speed and Scale-the disease has spread quickly to all corners of the world, and its capacity for explosive spread has overwhelmed even the most resilient health systems b) Severity-Overall, 20% cases are severe or critical, with a crude clinical case fatality rate currently of over 3%, increasing in older age groups and in those with certain underlying conditions c) Societal and economic disruption-shocks to health and social care systems and measures taken to control transmission having deep socio-economic consequences (3) . Under case-3, where 10% of capacity in public facilities and 30% in private facilities is apportioned for COVID-19, and testing coverage is 200,000 per day with TTP of 5%, the estimated demand for severe and critical cases can only be met if supply of ICU beds and ventilators is increased by 8.4% and 2.6% before 27 th July 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290133-4ou7ubb4 author = Weiss, Martin M. title = Rethinking Smallpox date = 2004-12-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3976 sentences = 244 flesch = 51 summary = The last recorded death due to smallpox, according to World Health Organization investigators, was likely associated with virus that had been transmitted by aerosol [16] . Such observations-along with the long incubation period of smallpox (mean, 12-14 days; range, 7-21 days)suggest that there would be adequate time to vaccinate the public and prevent a more widespread outbreak. Nonetheless, these masks, if distributed to the public, could prove to be critical for the control of a smallpox epidemic that was overwhelming our health care system, and they might also prove to be effective in limiting contagion of smaller viruses, such as influenza virus (either natural virus, as in 1918, or engineered virus [61] ). Because of the possibility of an attack involving bioengineered smallpox virus that is resistant to the current vaccine, methisazone should be reexamined, and research should be continued on other antiviral agents. cache = ./cache/cord-290133-4ou7ubb4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290133-4ou7ubb4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297884-a6yrtuwf author = Burke, R. M. title = Enhanced Contact Investigations for Nine Early Travel-Related Cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7343 sentences = 341 flesch = 49 summary = To understand the prevalence of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infection, a convenience sample of actively monitored close contacts was selected from whom to request respiratory (nasopharyngeal [NP] and oropharyngeal [OP]) samples outside of diagnostic specimen collection procedures (i.e., while contacts were asymptomatic or, in some cases, symptomatic with ≥ 1 previous negative SARS-CoV-2 result); some sites were able to request at least one set of samples from all close contacts, but most sites targeted sample collection mainly to close contacts determined to have had high-risk exposures, such as household members. Among 49 HCP who provided care to or came into contact with the infectious fluids of travelassociated case patients and who had at least one set of respiratory samples collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2, the secondary attack rate was 0% (95% CI: 0 -7%). cache = ./cache/cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296081-6coxz3l8 author = SOURIS, M. title = COVID-19: Spatial Analysis of Hospital Case-Fatality Rate in France date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3916 sentences = 190 flesch = 56 summary = The objective of this article is to estimate the influence of the hospital care system on lethality in metropolitan France during the inception of the COVID-19 epidemic, by analyzing the spatial variability of the hospital case-fatality rate between French districts. France based on the rates published by the health authorities, but to estimate the 114 influence of the healthcare system on lethality by analyzing the spatial variability of the 115 hospital case-fatality rate (confirmed hospitalized cases and hospital deaths) in 116 metropolitan France between districts (i.e. French départements). in the case-fatality rate in metropolitan France, and enable to highlight the relative 123 differences between districts, as well as to analyze the causes independently of the 124 system of definition and enumeration of cases and deaths, and also independently of 125 the main biological risk factor of severity (age) after standardization on this factor. cache = ./cache/cord-296081-6coxz3l8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296081-6coxz3l8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312615-q333qgps author = Knobbe, Rebecca B title = Pathogens Causing Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Less Than 5 Years of Age in Senegal date = 2019-12-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4466 sentences = 284 flesch = 51 summary = The aim of this study was to identity the various respiratory pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections in children below 5 years of age visiting a sub-urban primary care clinic in Senegal. CONCLUSIONS: This case-control study in a primary care setting in sub-Saharan Africa found influenza virus A and B, RSV, and S pneumoniae to be the main causes of acute respiratory tract infections in children below 5 years of age. Therefore, the aim of this case-control study was to investigate the prevalence of the different viruses and bacteria colonizing the airways and their association with the occurrence of ARTIs and severity of disease in children less than 5 years of age, visiting a sub-urban primary care clinic in Dakar, Senegal. This case-control study investigates the prevalence of the different viruses and bacteria colonizing the airways and their 6 Microbiology Insights association with the occurrence of ARTIs in children visiting a sub-urban primary care clinic in Senegal. cache = ./cache/cord-312615-q333qgps.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312615-q333qgps.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295513-q5f8d0ig author = Zhao, Pengcheng title = A Comparison of Infection Venues of COVID-19 Case Clusters in Northeast China date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6209 sentences = 286 flesch = 58 summary = In this study, we compared various types of infection locations in which COVID-19 cases clustered, based on the data from three adjacent provinces in Northeast China. Thus, we propose choosing a region with a sufficient number of COVID-19 cases and their detailed case reports to illustrate the role of different types of location in person-to-person transmission of this disease. Based on the collected and deduced information, we compared the epidemic situations between cities and/or provinces and enumerated the cases for the various location clusters. Figure 1 specifies all locations outside the home where case clustering occurred, and all train or flight numbers are marked along with the cases' travel date. Figure 3b , the number of contacts between cases of different distances (i.e., inter-province, inter-city and intra-city) varied by location category. This study analysed the epidemic situations in various areas in the three provinces of Northeast China and the effects of various types of infection location on identified COVID-19 clusters. cache = ./cache/cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298086-pbfi5c8e author = Lyngse, F. P. title = COVID-19 Transmission Within Danish Households: A Nationwide Study from Lockdown to Reopening date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7792 sentences = 547 flesch = 63 summary = Methods We used comprehensive administrative register data from Denmark, comprising the full population and all COVID-19 tests, to estimate household transmission risk and attack rate. To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide study that uses estimates of household attack rates and transmission risks that exploit SARS-CoV-2 test data from an entire population. We defined the attack rate as the proportion of additional household members that tested positive, whereas the transmission risk was the proportion of secondary cases per primary case. To estimate the attack rate, we estimated the proportion of potential secondary household members who received a positive test within 14 days after the test date of the primary case. (In Appendix D, we illustrate changes over all three periods.) Figure 1 panel (a) shows that after receiving a positive test result in the household (t = 0), 36% of potential secondary cases were tested (blue) the day after the positive test result (t = 1) of the primary case was available and 13% of these 36% were positive (red). cache = ./cache/cord-298086-pbfi5c8e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298086-pbfi5c8e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293315-kx4x2g24 author = Colmenero, I. title = SARS‐CoV‐2 endothelial infection causes COVID‐19 chilblains: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultraestructural study of 7 paediatric cases date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2530 sentences = 162 flesch = 43 summary = title: SARS‐CoV‐2 endothelial infection causes COVID‐19 chilblains: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultraestructural study of 7 paediatric cases CONCLUSIONS: Although the clinical and histopathological features were similar to other forms of chilblains, the presence of viral particles in the endothelium and the histological evidence of vascular damage, support a causal relation of the lesions with SARS‐CoV‐2. 4 Most patients have been negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) when tested by PCR of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, and less than 50% have a history of exposure to positive household contacts or previous history of mild upper respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Lymphocytic vascular damage was the hallmark feature in biopsies from our 7 patients with COVID-19 related chilblains. 25 We have demonstrated the presence of viral particles within endothelial cells in lesional skin biopsies from patients presenting with chilblains during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chilblain-like lesions: a case series of 41 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-293315-kx4x2g24.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293315-kx4x2g24.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310288-onr700ue author = Sciubba, Daniel M. title = Scoring system to triage patients for spine surgery in the setting of limited resources: Application to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3593 sentences = 210 flesch = 49 summary = title: Scoring system to triage patients for spine surgery in the setting of limited resources: Application to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond Methods Using a modified Delphi technique, a cohort of 16 fellowship-trained spine surgeons from 10 academic medical centers constructed a scoring system for the triage and prioritization of emergent and elective spine surgeries. Results The devised scoring system included 8 independent components: neurological status, underlying spine stability, presentation of a high-risk post-operative complication, patient medical comorbidities, expected hospital course, expected discharge disposition, facility resource limitations, and local disease burden. Conclusion Here we present the first quantitative urgency scoring system for the triage and prioritizing of spine surgery cases in resource-limited settings. The devised scoring system included 8 independent components: neurological status, underlying 19 spine stability, presentation of a high-risk post-operative complication, patient medical 20 comorbidities, expected hospital course, expected discharge disposition, facility resource 21 limitations, and local disease burden. cache = ./cache/cord-310288-onr700ue.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310288-onr700ue.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300570-xes201g7 author = Patwardhan, J. title = PREDICTIONS FOR EUROPE FOR THE COVID-19 PANDEMICAFTER LOCKDOWN WAS LIFTED USING AN SIR MODEL date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5297 sentences = 247 flesch = 64 summary = The data is observed to fit the model as predicted until around 150 days after December 31, 2019, after which many countries lift their lockdowns and begin to reopen. An analysis of the residuals is provided to locate the precise date of the departure of each country from its accepted data estimates and test each data point to its predicted value using a Z-test to determine whether each observation can fit the given model. After around Day 170, the model predicts small X2 values with small standards of deviation, so observed residuals at this point mostly represent the growth of the virus itself during that time. Finally, an examination of the date of the first deaths in each country compared to the days until the model began to deviate from its expected behavior yields no relation, indicating that any failure of the observed data points to conform to the model is most likely due to the policy measures taken in each country. cache = ./cache/cord-300570-xes201g7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300570-xes201g7.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302774-ekw2oxw2 author = Lin, Gary title = Explaining the Bomb-Like Dynamics of COVID-19 with Modeling and the Implications for Policy date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4452 sentences = 234 flesch = 53 summary = Given the mounting evidence that potentially large fractions of the population are asymptomatic, the weaker priors that generate the high R0 values to fit the data required assumptions about the epidemiology of COVID-19 that do not fit with the biology, particularly regarding the timeframe that people remain infectious. Our results suggest that models of transmission assuming a relatively lower R0 value that do not consider a large number of asymptomatic cases can result in misunderstanding of the underlying dynamics, leading to poor policy decisions and outcomes. Our goal was to estimate the ranges of parameters that would fit the data of the beginning of an outbreak in a country, assuming that initially the effects of distancing and other measures to control the disease are largely absent and thus the data are largely representative of the transmission dynamics but that some proportion of the infected population is not observed. cache = ./cache/cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303657-o66rchhw author = El Qadmiry, M. title = On the true numbers of COVID-19 infections: behind the available data date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2755 sentences = 164 flesch = 58 summary = Among the concerned information, there are the incubation period [1, 2] , the reproduction number [3] , mortality rate [4] , and the asymptomatic proportion as in [5] , where was used the data of the Diamond Princess cruise ship; which means that the study is done on a closed population, a fact that is worthy to mention. Our aim in this work is to approach the true number of infected cases, and to develop an analytical method in order to allow the simulation of different scenarios that can occur if we modify the underlying variables of two special 1 medkadmiri@hotmail.fr 2 hassanfa@yahoo.com 3 y-hassou@fsr.ac.ma probabilistic functions. Let us denote this distribution function by Pd(t) -(d)-subscript as detected, and "t" as time representing days since infection-and write its explicit expression in the following manner: To do so, every time tn= n-days, we recalculate the numbers of infected and detected cases, where t0 = 0 is the moment of illness onset for the entire population. cache = ./cache/cord-303657-o66rchhw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303657-o66rchhw.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310144-s25do8cb author = Lara-Reyna, Jacques title = “Staying Home” - Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3836 sentences = 227 flesch = 53 summary = In an attempt to slow the progression of COVID-19 pandemic, New York state and city governments enacted strict social distancing policies starting on March 12th, which included a progressive restriction and cancellation of non-fundamental activities, like the closure of schools, restaurants, bars, and business; as well as the cancellation of all elective surgical procedures. To assess these possible changes, we reviewed all neurotrauma admissions to our trauma center during the early COVID-19 period, and assessed changes in frequency, demographics, and mechanisms, in order to highlight any changes due to social distancing policies. 8 During this time period, we observed a decrease in the frequency of neurotrauma at the early phase after the strict limitation of non-essential activities in the city, compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. Interestingly, transit-related neurotrauma, as well as TBIs related to violence (direct head trauma with an object) increased in frequency in the COVID-19 period showing significant difference. cache = ./cache/cord-310144-s25do8cb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310144-s25do8cb.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302842-idbmh1uo author = Raza, Ali title = Association between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5066 sentences = 336 flesch = 51 summary = This study was designed to investigate the impact of meteorological indicators (temperature, rainfall, and humidity) on total COVID-19 cases in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units from March 10, 2020, to August 25, 2020. The contribution of this study is (a) it first time examined the relationship between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 in Pakistan, (b) it first time examined the relationship between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 in four provinces and three administrative units in Pakistan, and (c) it used the generalized models to investigate the impact of average temperature, rainfall, and humidity on COVID-19 cases. A higher correlation coefficient was observed between temperature (minimum, maximum, and Fig. 11 Humidity in provinces and administrative areas Environ Sci Pollut Res average) and COVID-19 cases for all provinces and administrative units (Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir). cache = ./cache/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300583-0krbrj4w author = Koh, Wee Chian title = Estimating the impact of physical distancing measures in containing COVID-19: an empirical analysis date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3743 sentences = 207 flesch = 52 summary = METHODS: We identified three distinct physical distancing measures with varying intensity and implemented at different times—international travel controls, restrictions on mass gatherings, and lockdown-type measures—based on the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. INTERPRETATION: A combination of physical distancing measures, if implemented early, can be effective in containing COVID-19—tight border controls to limit importation of cases, encouraging physical distancing, moderately stringent measures such as working from home, and a full lockdown in the case of a probable uncontrolled outbreak. is the average reproduction number of country over the 14 days following the date of the 100 th case; is country 's physical distancing measure of type on the date of the 100 th case; represents the country characteristic (income level, population density, age structure, and temperature) of country ; is a constant term, 's are the regression coefficients, and denotes the error term. cache = ./cache/cord-300583-0krbrj4w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300583-0krbrj4w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303703-ekhwb5xb author = Mash, Bob title = Primary care management of the coronavirus (COVID-19) date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3044 sentences = 225 flesch = 64 summary = 1 As I write this, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is hitting South Africa and events are unfolding fast as new measures are taken on a daily basis to contain its spread within communities. If people meet the case definition, the primary care provider should immediately adopt infection prevention and control measures. If people meet the case definition, the primary care provider should immediately adopt infection prevention and control measures. Mild cases can be managed at home with self-isolation, symptomatic treatment and follow-up if the disease worsens. Keywords: coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; primary care; continuing medical education; clinical management. Patients should be treated in a separate room, although not necessarily an airborne infection isolation room, as measures to prevent contact and surface contamination are most important. • At least one of the following epidemiological criteria in the 14 days prior to onset of symptoms: ß Was in close contact with a confirmed or probable case of SARS-Cov-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306340-fmgsp615 author = Mu, Di title = CFD investigation on the effects of wind and thermal wall-flow on pollutant transmission in a high-rise building date = 2018-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9279 sentences = 510 flesch = 61 summary = Finally, the tracer gas method is employed in the numerical simulation to analyse the influence of the wind and wall thermal plume flow on the inter-flat pollutant transmission characteristics. [40] calculated a set of CFD simulation cases to investigate the impact of solar radiation on pollutant dispersion in different street layouts and estimated the relative strength of thermally/ mechanically induced flow using the ratio of Gr/Re 2 . Finally, to analyse the influence of the wind and wall thermal plume flow on the pollutant transmission characteristics, the tracer gas method is employed in the numerical simulation. The results of present work are helpful for a profound understanding of how solar radiation and near-wall flow affect the vertical inter-flat contaminant transmission routes, and the results also reveal the combined effect of wind force and buoyancy lift on the pollutant dispersion near the building. cache = ./cache/cord-306340-fmgsp615.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306340-fmgsp615.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307834-shmpfnrj author = Massad, Eduardo title = Two complementary model-based methods for calculating the risk of international spreading of a novel virus from the outbreak epicentre. The case of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3754 sentences = 200 flesch = 55 summary = The second model calculates the probability that an infected traveller will generate at least one secondary autochthonous case in the visited country. Next, we calculate the values of parameters π and σ from equations (9a) and (9b) to estimate the probability that the infected traveller who imported the virus to his/her home country would generate at least one secondary case, according to equation (11) . One model addresses the case of disease exportation from the epidemic outbreak and considers a certain number of travellers leaving the epidemic region during the incubation period, thereby importing the virus into another country. We simulated the model with the same case of the province of Hubei in China and the results show that one single infective traveller would be able to generate at least one secondary autochthonous case in the visited country, along his/her infectiousness period, with a probability of 23%. cache = ./cache/cord-307834-shmpfnrj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307834-shmpfnrj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311439-y9jwu38r author = Bao, Changjun title = Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans: indirect evidence from an outbreak in China date = 2007-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4299 sentences = 219 flesch = 50 summary = We describe an outbreak of acute respiratory infection due to adenovirus type 3 that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China, during the period from April 18 th to July 4 th 2004. Pharyngeal swab specimens from children and adolescent patients who were diagnosed with acute upper respiratory tract infections at Township A health care hospital during the outbreak from April through July 2005 were cultured for adenovirus. An infection caused by adenovirus type 3 was verified by entire gene sequence testing to 10 Nested PCR amplification products of positive specimens (from nine patients) in the laboratory of the National CDC of China. Eighteen paired patient serums(acute and convalescent) were used to test neutralization titer with the isolate adenovirus type 3 viral strain simultaneously. This investigation demonstrated that acute respiratory infection caused by adenovirus type 3 caused the outbreak that occurred in over seventy schools in ten townships in 2004. cache = ./cache/cord-311439-y9jwu38r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311439-y9jwu38r.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314120-zp9k1k3z author = Brunner, Carolyn M. title = Clinical and immunologic studies in identical twins discordant for systemic lupus erythematosus date = 1973-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2327 sentences = 154 flesch = 55 summary = Abstract Middle-aged female identical twins, one of whom had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), were evaluated for immunologic reactivity to previous antigenic challenges, including primary immunization with a foreign antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Serologic studies were as follows: latex nucleoprotein 3+, lupus erythematosus cell preparation positive, hemolytic complement (C'H50) 28 units (normal range 34 to 48 units) and rheumatoid factor (RF) negative. Although antinuclear factor remained positive, a lupus erythematosus cell preparation was negative, and serum complement was normal. SLE as the etiology of the patient's nephritis (Case 1) was first suggested by the positive lupus erythematosus cell preparation in 1963. Multiple blood samples tested for lupus erythematosus cells, antinuclear factor, anti DNA, rheumatoid factor and cryoglobulins (Table I) Delayed hypersensitivity to common antigens was assessed by the intradermal injection of 0.1 ml of 1:40 streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD), (Varidasew, Lederle, Pearl River, N.Y.), 1:30 Trichophyton (Hollister Stier, Yeadon, Pa.) and 1 :lOO Candida albicans (Hollister Stier). cache = ./cache/cord-314120-zp9k1k3z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314120-zp9k1k3z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309909-60nrhl3t author = Brumit, Ryan title = Surgical Case Deferment During a Global Pandemic date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1392 sentences = 70 flesch = 55 summary = MGH evolved the ACS guidelines to specifically include the following patient/disease states to have ongoing surgery: Beyond those directly involved in the process of deferring surgical cases, Nursing and Anesthesia must be kept well informed of significant drops in OR volume, as their staff are crucial in times of crisis and will be needed for redeployment to support other critical care needs within the hospital. 58 blocked operating rooms open and available on the OR scheduling grid meant there was no visual guidance for where non-deferrable cases should be placed. Nurses were calling patients and conducting interviews for noticeably deferrable cases, simply because they were scheduled for a date of surgery beyond the two-week deferment window. In this time, the deferment rate has dropped from 48% (weeks 1 & 2) to 92%, leaving only 25 non-deferrable cases on the schedule across 10 days (weeks 5 & 6) ( fig. cache = ./cache/cord-309909-60nrhl3t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309909-60nrhl3t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308680-moligska author = Wong, Justin title = Epidemiological Investigation of the First 135 COVID-19 Cases in Brunei: Implications for Surveillance, Control, and Travel Restrictions date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4184 sentences = 241 flesch = 52 summary = We report findings from the epidemiological investigation of the initial 135 COVID-19 cases in Brunei and describe the impact of control measures and travel restrictions. Regular and ongoing testing of high-risk groups to supplement the existing surveillance program and a phased easing of physical distancing measures has helped maintain suppression of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brunei, as evidenced by the identification of only six additional cases from April 5 to August 5, 2020. Here, we report findings from the first 135 COVID-19 cases, detected within the first 5 weeks of the local epidemic, along with their epidemiological, clinical, and transmission characteristics. In Hong Kong, case isolation and contact tracing were combined with other physical distancing measures (but no lockdown), which resulted in an estimated effective reproduction number near 1 for 8 weeks. cache = ./cache/cord-308680-moligska.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308680-moligska.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015359-gf32a6f1 author = nan title = B scientific sessions (SS) date = 2002 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 159591 sentences = 9768 flesch = 51 summary = Methods and materials: 73 consecutive patients, clinically considered to have stage 1B tumour (confined to the cervix), underwent MR imaging studies at 1 T, according to the following protocol: fast spin-echo (FSE) T2-weighted, gadoliniumenhanced SE Tl-weighted, and fat-suppressed gadolinium-enhanced SE Tlweighted sequences. Purpose: To describe the radiological (thin section CT) findings correlated to activity and remission in ANCA associated pulmonary-renal small vessel vasculitis (SVV) Material and methods: We used retrospective analysis of 37 CTs, 27 in disease activity (8 first manifestations, 19 relapses) 10 im remission of 17 patients with pulmorenal syndrome (9 Wegener, 4 microscopic polyangiitis-MPA, 3 Churg-Strauss-syndrome, 1 idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis following the Chapel Hill classification) 7 women, 10 men, median 65.5 years (34 -84). Varghese, P.R. Mueller; Boston, MA/US Purpose: We sought to determine the incidence of malignancy and to assess a possible role for image guided biopsy of this category of renal masses Materials & methods: Of the 397 renal biopsies performed at our institution between 1991 and 2000; a total of 28 patients with 28 category III lesions, were identified for analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-015359-gf32a6f1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015359-gf32a6f1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309476-hel3h25h author = Brown, Julianne R. title = Encephalitis diagnosis using metagenomics: application of next generation sequencing for undiagnosed cases date = 2018-01-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5816 sentences = 290 flesch = 38 summary = This included two cases of human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), 28 first described in 2005 when it was associated with a viraemic patient in whom an acute viral infection was suspected 49 ; one case of human coronavirus OC-43, 43 typically a human respiratory pathogen never previously described in a human case of encephalitis but known to cause encephalitis in mice 50 ; one case of human astrovirus MLB1, 46 of mumps vaccine virus in a child who was vaccinated prior to a primary immunodeficiency diagnosis. As with other molecular tests, including PCR which has become the gold standard of virological diagnostics, results from metagenomics applied to cases of encephalitis should be interpreted in the context of other clinical and laboratory findings, particularly when a novel or unexpected organism is detected. cache = ./cache/cord-309476-hel3h25h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309476-hel3h25h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304084-ervaxqph author = Chang, Luan-Yin title = Status of Cellular Rather Than Humoral Immunity is Correlated with Clinical Outcome of Enterovirus 71 date = 2006 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4241 sentences = 229 flesch = 48 summary = The median (range) interval between their disease onset and enrollment in this study was not significantly different among the three groups: 1.9 (1.1-2.9) years for the 7 cases with brainstem encephalitis plus pulmonary edema, 2.5 (0.7-5.2) years for 12 cases with CNS involvement, and 2.6 (0.7-2.7) for 11 uncomplicated cases (p ϭ 0.17 with Kruskal-Wallis test). The median (range) age at this immune study was 3.1 (1.7-3.8) years for the 7 cases with brainstem encephalitis plus pulmonary edema, 5.8 (3.5-7.3) years for 12 cases with CNS involvement, and 4.5 (2.0 -8.1) years for 11 uncomplicated cases (p ϭ 0.005 with Kruskal-Wallis test). EV71 cases with pulmonary edema had a significantly lower PHA stimulation index (p ϭ 0.04, measured to compare the percentages of a response over the median level of increase of all the EV71 cases by using likelihood ratio 2 test). cache = ./cache/cord-304084-ervaxqph.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304084-ervaxqph.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304798-j2tyjo1j author = Rapkiewicz, Amy V. title = Megakaryocytes and platelet-fibrin thrombi characterize multi-organ thrombosis at autopsy in COVID-19: A case series date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5320 sentences = 286 flesch = 40 summary = title: Megakaryocytes and platelet-fibrin thrombi characterize multi-organ thrombosis at autopsy in COVID-19: A case series FINDINGS: In seven patients (four female), regardless of anticoagulation status, all autopsies demonstrated platelet-rich thrombi in the pulmonary, hepatic, renal, and cardiac microvasculature. We counted numbers of megakaryocytes in the lungs and the hearts of 7 COVID-19 cases and, for comparison, 9 cases of patients who died with ARDS of other causes, selected as a convenience sample from autopsies previously performed at the National Cancer Institute between 2017 and 2020. Previous pathology studies, identified by searching PubMed on June 7, 2020 for the terms "COVID-19 00 and "autopsy" or "histopathology", have reported findings in multiple organs, including thrombi on gross inspection, but did not use special stains to identify megakaryocytes and platelets in tissues of patients dying with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311479-8pjoz64q author = He, Daihai title = The relative transmissibility of asymptomatic cases among close contacts date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 815 sentences = 58 flesch = 57 summary = A recent 24 study in China showed that transmissibility of the asymptomatic cases is comparable to that 25 of symptomatic cases. A recent 24 study in China showed that transmissibility of the asymptomatic cases is comparable to that 25 of symptomatic cases. 28 29 Keywords: COVID-19; asymptomatic cases; relative transmissibility 30 31 32 33 Main text 35 Nishiura et al (Nishiura et al, 2020 ) estimated the asymptomatic ratio of COVID-19 was 41.6% 36 (5 out of 12 confirmed cases) among 565 Japanese individuals evacuated from Wuhan, China. The odds ratio (OR) is estimated 109 In summary, we conclude that the relatively transmissibility of asymptomatic case could be 127 significantly smaller than that of the symptomatic cases. Estimation of the asymptomatic ratio of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-158 19) Estimating the asymptomatic 161 proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess 162 cruise ship cache = ./cache/cord-311479-8pjoz64q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311479-8pjoz64q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314368-p5ecpcll author = Fu, Haiyan title = Analysis on the Clinical Characteristics of 36 Cases of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Kunming date = 2020-03-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2557 sentences = 146 flesch = 57 summary = Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Kunming City, and to study the correlation between nutritional status and immune function. The changes of lymphocyte absolute value and hypersensitive c-reactive protein in patients with the common and mild cases of the new coronavirus pneumonia are not as evident as those in the severe and critical cases, which can be easily ignored during clinical observation. Our study suggests that patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia experience a decrease in t-cell subsets on admission, and in combination with clinical typing, we speculate that immune function may be suppressed or impaired in the early stage of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-314368-p5ecpcll.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314368-p5ecpcll.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305498-8tmtvw1r author = Singh Saraj, K. title = Modification of Neurosurgical Practice during Corona Pandemic: Our Experience at AIIMS Patna And Long Term Guidelines date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4194 sentences = 330 flesch = 61 summary = Neurosurgery department formulated their own strategy for successful and covid free management of neurosurgical patients along with zero transmission rate among doctors and staff. METHODS: All Neurosurgical patients who got attended, admitted and operated from 25(th) March to 30(th) June 2020 (Period of lockdown) were taken in this study. A proper training to all neurosurgical staff and residents were given for management of patients (admission to operation to discharge). CONCLUSION: Following a properly made standard operating procedure and strictly implementing it can avoid any type of misadventure in neurosurgery during corona pandemic. To avert crisis during such pandemic, hospital and department both need a strategy to meticulously manage their staff, emergency, operation theatre complex (OTC), Intensive care unit (ICU) and wards. One Resident was fixed for taking rounds of covid negative patients in the ward and ICU for 1 week. [9, 10, 12] At our center, all patients were shifted to Neurosurgical ICU in post-operative period. cache = ./cache/cord-305498-8tmtvw1r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305498-8tmtvw1r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312267-0tb08b0z author = Freitas, A. S. title = New S.I.R. model used in the projection of COVID 19 cases in Brazil date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4577 sentences = 185 flesch = 51 summary = The model presented here describes with reasonable agreement the number of COVID-19 cases registered in Brazil between February 26 and April 25, 2020 based on the hypothesis that there a large number no notified cases (11 to 1) and variation in contagion rate according to social isolation measures and greater or lesser exposure to the virus (highest rate in beginning from epidemic). . Fig. 1 shows the behavior of the curves of infected and exposed individuals (that still didn't contract the disease) in function time, in agreement with the model proposed in this wo qualitative way, however there is slight dependence between the date which the peak of infection occurs and total percentage of infected (number of accumulated cases) at the peak of infection: the larger infected and if the total number of infected is greater (especially in the epidemic peak), the impact on health system is considerably greater (taking into account the same rate of contagion in two cases) . cache = ./cache/cord-312267-0tb08b0z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312267-0tb08b0z.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313420-ubm8j1xe author = Wang, Pengfei title = Severe air pollution events not avoided by reduced anthropogenic activities during COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4720 sentences = 283 flesch = 58 summary = Compared with the case without emission change (Case 1), Case 3 predicted that PM2.5 concentrations decreased by up to 20% with absolute decreases of 5.35, 6.37, 9.23, 10.25, 10.30, 12.14, 12.75, 14.41, 18.00 and 30.79 μg/m3 in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Tianjin, Jinan, Taiyuan, Xi'an, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, respectively. In high-pollution days with PM2.5 greater than 75 μg/m3, the reductions of PM2.5 in Case 3 were 7.78, 9.51, 11.38, 13.42, 13.64, 14.15, 14.42, 16.95 and 22.08 μg/m3 in Shanghai, Jinan, Shijiazhuang, Beijing, Taiyuan, Xi'an, Tianjin, Zhengzhou and Wuhan, respectively. This study highlights that large emissions reduction in transportation and slight reduction in industrial would not help avoid severe air pollution in China, especially when meteorology is unfavorable. In order to investigate the effect of reduced anthropogenic activities on air pollution, three simulation scenarios were performed and compared (Table 1) the Case 1, Case 2 had a decrease of 40% and 20% in transportation and industry emission, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-313420-ubm8j1xe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313420-ubm8j1xe.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304820-q3de7r1p author = Griette, P. title = Clarifying predictions for COVID-19 from testing data: the example of New-York State date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3788 sentences = 247 flesch = 65 summary = Cumulative number of reported (tested infectious) cases at time t Daily number of reported (tested infectious) cases at time t Phenomenological models for the reported cases: At the early stage of the epidemic, we assume that all the infected components of the system grow exponentially while the number of susceptible remains unchanged during a relatively short period of time t ∈ [t 1 , t 2 ]. In figure (d) we plot the cumulative number of cases coming from the model as a function of the cumulative number of tests from the data. In Figure 8 , we replace the daily number of tests n data (t) (coming from the data for New-York's state) in the model by either 2 × n data (t), 5 × n data (t), 10 × n data (t) or 100 × n data (t). Predicting the cumulative number of cases for the COVID-19 epidemic in China from early data cache = ./cache/cord-304820-q3de7r1p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304820-q3de7r1p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316006-t080mykk author = Kong, Dechuan title = Clusters of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) cases in Chinese tour groups date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3188 sentences = 175 flesch = 59 summary = Our study describes clusters of COVID-19 cases within tour groups travelling in European countries from January 16 through 28. Tour group transmission may have occurred in the following sceParis-Shanghai, all of the confirmed and suspected cases had seats within two rows ( Figure 3 ). We reported three clusters of COVID-19 confirmed cases in three tour groups travelling in European countries and one cluster of suspected cases on one flight in late January 2020. In group A, the cluster was initiated by a familial transmission, followed by spread of disease to 13 out of 34 members in the 12-day tour. In conclusion, we reported a cluster of 13 COVID-19 cases, which was initiated by within-family transmission followed by propagative transmission into tour groups travelling in European countries. The study findings show that clustered cases in tour groups may be more propagative than simple familial transmission. Clusters of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Chinese tour groups cache = ./cache/cord-316006-t080mykk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316006-t080mykk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312911-nqq87d0m author = Zou, D. title = Epidemic Model Guided Machine Learning for COVID-19 Forecasts in the United States date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5032 sentences = 283 flesch = 62 summary = We propose a new epidemic model (SuEIR) for forecasting the spread of COVID-19, including numbers of confirmed and fatality cases at national and state levels in the United States. Specifically, the SuEIR model is a variant of the SEIR model by taking into account the untested/unreported cases of COVID-19, and trained by machine learning algorithms based on the reported historical data. Besides providing basic projections for confirmed and fatality cases, the proposed SuEIR model is also able to predict the peak date of active cases, and estimate the basic reproduction number (R0). Based on the proposed model, we are able to make accurate predictions on the numbers of confirmed cases and fatality cases for nation, states and and counties. Moreover, our model can also predict the peak dates of active cases and estimate the basic reproduction number (R 0 ) of different states in the US. cache = ./cache/cord-312911-nqq87d0m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312911-nqq87d0m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316959-iua8c4hy author = Zia, Kashif title = COVID-19 Outbreak in Oman: Model-Driven Impact Analysis and Challenges date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3446 sentences = 247 flesch = 65 summary = Motivated by the rapid spread of COVID-19 all across the globe, we have performed simulations of a system dynamic epidemic spread model in different possible situations. The simulation, not only captures the model dynamic of the spread of the virus, but also, takes care of population and mobility data. For epidemics like corona-virus, SIR model was extended to SEIR [6] , introducing a new state exposed between susceptible and infectious. Hence, the simulation generated in data driven, in which a user is responsible of describing system dynamics model of the epidemic, whereas, all the relevant population and mobility global data in integrated at the server side. With a system dynamic model of epidemic spread, incorporated with population and mobility data, we performed simulation of many different cases of COVID-19 impact, representing different real situations. With a more representative population and mobility data about different regions of the country, we may see more cases and a longer impact. cache = ./cache/cord-316959-iua8c4hy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316959-iua8c4hy.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315490-xs5v3uc3 author = Kessler, Remi A. title = Neurosurgical management of brain and spine tumors in the COVID-19 era: an institutional experience from the epicenter of the pandemic date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3982 sentences = 164 flesch = 40 summary = In this case-based formatted report, we present the Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, NY) Department of Neurosurgery institutional experience in the epicenter of the pandemic and the guiding principles for our current management of intracranial, skull base, and spine tumors. In this paper, we present our institutional neurosurgical oncology patient management approach for the treatment of brain and spine tumors during the COVID-19 pandemic in NYC. The following example cases are solely to provide our guiding principles and experience at this unprecedented time in neurosurgical practice at a large tertiary care academic medical center in NYC, the heart of the coronavirus pandemic in the United States. In this report, we provide examples of the Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, NY) neurosurgical experience and clinical reasoning for the changes in management of brain and spine tumors. cache = ./cache/cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309108-ulvnn3we author = Perdana, Tomy title = Scenarios for handling the impact of COVID-19 based on food supply network through regional food hubs under uncertainty date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11189 sentences = 597 flesch = 57 summary = This paper discusses an optimization model for handling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic based on food supply network through regional food hubs (RFHs) under uncertainty. The locations for the development of RFHs and optimal logistics for the food network must be determined based on various general conditions and, at the time of a pandemic, by considering the entire community as victims affected by it. This model also addressed several uncertainties, such as food demand, food production, and distribution cost uncertainties using robust optimization (RO) that assumes that the uncertain parameters lie in an uncertainty set (Ben-Tal et al., 2009; Gorissen et al., 2015; Yanıko glu et al., 2019) . It aims to identify the best alternative RFH location and capacity and food distribution network; the maximum product fulfillment of each region; and the minimum logistic costs in red zones, defined as an area at the epicenter COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-309108-ulvnn3we.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309108-ulvnn3we.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319323-1qt7vf59 author = Chakraborty, Amartya title = Around the world in 60 days: an exploratory study of impact of COVID-19 on online global news sentiment date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7868 sentences = 326 flesch = 51 summary = The proposed work takes up the challenge of mining a comprehensive set of online news texts, for determining the prevailing sentiment in the context of the ongoing pandemic, along with a statistical analysis of the relation between actual effect of COVID-19 and online news sentiment. The current work statistically determines how and after what amount of delay, the number of affected patients, and number of deaths due to COVID-19, impacts the news sentiment in regional and world-wide news, -The authors also analyze other relevant factors that contribute to rise or fall of global news sentiment related to particular countries. A visual analysis of these images reveals how the observations are generally applicable throughout the data from different countries; that is, whether the global news sentiment about a country is actually affected by the daily trends in number of new cases or deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-319323-1qt7vf59.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319323-1qt7vf59.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315466-74m7cur3 author = Plank, M. J. title = Potential reduction in transmission of COVID-19 by digital contact tracing systems date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6497 sentences = 350 flesch = 52 summary = We use an age-structured branching process model of the transmission of COVID-19 in different settings to estimate the potential of manual contact tracing and digital tracing systems to help control the epidemic. We investigate the effect of the uptake rate and proportion of contacts recorded by the digital system on key model outputs: the effective reproduction number, the mean outbreak size after 30 days, and the probability of elimination. While contact tracing alone is unlikely to contain the spread of COVID-19 Kucharski et al., 2020) , in countries like New Zealand where cases have been reduced to very low numbers (Cousins, 2020; Binny et al., 2020) , it may allow population-wide social distancing measures to be relaxed. Manual-only contact tracing (which corresponds to a digital uptake rate of = 0 in Fig. 3 ) with moderately (50%) effective quarantine of pre-symptomatic or subclinical individuals reduced to 1.55, the mean outbreak size to approximately 34 and increased the probability of extinction to 67%. cache = ./cache/cord-315466-74m7cur3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315466-74m7cur3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312065-nqy7m38f author = Peng, Philip W. H. title = Infection control and anesthesia: Lessons learned from the Toronto SARS outbreak date = 2003 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4582 sentences = 384 flesch = 66 summary = PURPOSE: To describe the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Toronto, its impact on anesthesia practice and the infection control guidelines adopted to manage patients in the operating room (OR) and to provide emergency intubation outside the OR. S of July 10, 2003, 438 cases (250 probable, 188 suspect) of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were reported in Canada, 375 (85.3%) of which occurred in Ontario. Because of early reports of clusters of cases in community settings such as apartment buildings and the high infection rates among health care workers in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Hanoi and Toronto, the etiological agent of SARS was thought to be highly contagious. Time should be allowed for the anesthesiologist and assistant to remove contaminated gloves, gowns, face shields or masks and head cover and renew protective precautions at the end of the case. cache = ./cache/cord-312065-nqy7m38f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312065-nqy7m38f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318340-hptjqmrl author = Xiang, Nijuan title = Lessons from an active surveillance pilot to assess the pneumonia of unknown etiology surveillance system in China, 2016: the need to increase clinician participation in the detection and reporting of emerging respiratory infectious diseases date = 2019-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4325 sentences = 192 flesch = 39 summary = We reviewed medical records for documented exposure history associated with respiratory infectious diseases, collected throat samples that were tested for seasonal and avian influenza, and interviewed clinicians regarding reasons for reporting or not reporting PUE cases. If a case is reported to the PUE system, the local center for disease control and prevention (CDC) will conduct a field investigation, collect respiratory specimens and send them to a national influenza surveillance network laboratory for testing of avian influenza viruses and, if associated with clusters of respiratory disease or relevant travel history, testing of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). For patients with illnesses meeting the PUE case definition, the surveillance officer used a standard questionnaire to collect information from the hospital information system related to demographics and, if available, epidemiological risk factors, including exposures to poultry, patients with similar symptoms, and travel history. cache = ./cache/cord-318340-hptjqmrl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318340-hptjqmrl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320953-1st77mvh author = Overton, ChristopherE. title = Using statistics and mathematical modelling to understand infectious disease outbreaks: COVID-19 as an example date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15721 sentences = 734 flesch = 48 summary = These include interpreting symptom progression and fatality ratios with delay distributions and right-censoring, exacerbated by exponential growth in cases leading to the majority of case data being on recently infected individuals; lack of clarity and consistency in denominators; inconsistency of case definitions over time and the eventual impact of interventions and changes to behaviour on transmission dynamics. We then develop a household-based contact tracing model, with which we investigate the extinction probability under weaker isolation policies paired with contact tracing, thus shedding light on possible combinations of interventions that allow us to feasibly manage the infection while minimising the social impact of control policies. Applying household isolation at 65% adherence ( 0.65 W α = ) manages to reduce the spread of infection, but appears insufficient in this model and with baseline parameters for controlling the outbreak in the long-term, unless other intervention strategies that reduce the global transmission (increasing ε) are adopted at the same time. cache = ./cache/cord-320953-1st77mvh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320953-1st77mvh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314851-de6kyjup author = Chen, Peng title = Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 cases of COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2665 sentences = 151 flesch = 56 summary = BACKGROUND: We did a comprehensive exploration of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing which was adjacent to the west of Hubei province. The time from contact symptomatic case to illness was 7.7 days, and 88 patients (64.7%) were cluster cases, radiological evidence found bilateral lung involvement was common (57.4%).Compared with the imported cases, the local cases were significantly older, the proportion of men is lower. We conducted a statistical comparison of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported cases and local cases in main district of Chongqing, hoping to provide guidance in preventing local epidemics, and to provide a reference for the development of prevention and control measures in other provinces and regions. This research provided epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 confirmed COVID-19 patients in main district of Chongqing. cache = ./cache/cord-314851-de6kyjup.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314851-de6kyjup.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320385-myiuhxdb author = Peña, Laura title = Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in lymphoid tissues of the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) date = 2006-04-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3323 sentences = 163 flesch = 44 summary = The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological status of the peripheral lymphoid tissues and thymus of Iberian lynxes necropsied between 1998 and 2003 in relation to other pathologies found in the animals. The lymphoid tissues histologically evaluated included spleen, lymph nodes (at least three per animal; lymph nodes without granulomas were studied to establish cellular depletion in the cases with tuberculosis), MALT (respiratory and intestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) and thymus (three samples of animals aged 16, 17 months and 2 years old). This is a descriptive study in which reductions of immune cells were found by histopathology (H&E) and immunohistochemistry in peripheral lymphoid tissues of 15 Iberian lynxes. The results of our study indicate that all animals presented some degree of immune depletion, affecting both B and T cells, which could only be explained in a few cases by old age and/or concomitant diseases (tuberculosis, tumors). cache = ./cache/cord-320385-myiuhxdb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320385-myiuhxdb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304317-ad3tct5b author = Pinotti, Francesco title = Lessons learnt from 288 COVID-19 international cases: importations over time, effect of interventions, underdetection of imported cases date = 2020-02-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4521 sentences = 295 flesch = 58 summary = Outside China, affected countries are facing importations of cases and clusters of local transmission 1, 4, 5 Border controls have been reinforced in many countries, and active surveillance has been intensified to rapidly detect and isolate importations, trace contacts and isolate suspect cases 6,7 . We modeled the total number of imported cases out of China over time accounting for date of travel, delay in reporting, and source areas. Fifteen cases were classified as both imported and local transmissions, since they contracted the infection outside China and traveled to a different country once infected (ES01, ES02, GB03, GB04, GB05, GB06, GB07, GB08, KR12, KR16, KR17, KR19, MY09, TH20, TH21 in our database 16 ). 24.20027326 doi: medRxiv preprint The reduced volume of exported cases worldwide following the travel ban may have given countries the time to prepare and strengthen their surveillance systems, as signaled by a reduction of the interval from travel date to detection over time. cache = ./cache/cord-304317-ad3tct5b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304317-ad3tct5b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321194-xi4zy5ow author = Allam, Zaheer title = The Third 50 Days: A Detailed Chronological Timeline and Extensive Review of Literature Documenting the COVID-19 Pandemic From Day 100 to Day 150 date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17924 sentences = 938 flesch = 64 summary = The build-up to this global pandemic announcement saw a national wide lockdown declared in Italy on 9th following an uncontrollable and astronomic increase in the number of new cases and deaths in the country (BBC, 2020c) . As the situation escalated, with over 1000 confirmed cases in the country, and over 31 deaths from the virus, the National Basketball Association (NBA), one of the most popular and fancied sporting activity in North America abruptly suspended its season, as of March 11, when a player of the Utah Jazz tested positive for coronavirus, just before their game with Oklahoma City began (Cacciola and Deb, 2020) . While a majority of countries, especially in Europe writhed in desperation from the impacts of COVID-19, China reported a third consecutive day with no local new case of coronavirus (The straits Times, 2020c). cache = ./cache/cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318012-bg9y2nsp author = Cantais, Aymeric title = Epidemiology and microbiological investigations of community-acquired pneumonia in children admitted at the emergency department of a university hospital date = 2014-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3546 sentences = 158 flesch = 42 summary = BACKGROUND: The management of children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is largely influenced by the development of new molecular diagnostic tests that allow the simultaneous detection of a wide range of pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the huge proportion of CAP of viral origin, the high number of co-infection by multiple viruses and the low number of bacterial CAP, notably in children under 5 years, and address the need to re-evaluate the indications of empiric antimicrobial treatment in this age group. The aim of the present study was to document the presence of a large variety of pathogens in respiratory specimens from children attending the Pediatric Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France, during a six-month period and presenting a CAP based on clinical and radiological evidence. A single center epidemiological observational study was conducted over a six-month period (November 2012 to April 2013) on children aging from one month to 16.5 years and presenting with CAP at the Pediatric Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France. cache = ./cache/cord-318012-bg9y2nsp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318012-bg9y2nsp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321104-0rk1ef53 author = Etchenique, R. title = Estimate of the actual number of COVID-19 cases from the analysis of deaths. date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3385 sentences = 179 flesch = 60 summary = Using the calculated values for the Infection Fatality Rate (IFR) of COVID-19 it is possible to estimate the prevalence of cases of infection in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, throughout the pandemic. By having the fraction of IgG positive in each age range, and the data on deaths due to COVID-19, which are more reliable than confirmed cases (despite possible undercounts, vide infra) it is possible to determine the Infection-Fatality Ratio (IFR) for each age range. Although this number of estimated actual infections can be entered in a single day, in that case the temporary values obtained will be noisy, especially for the age ranges of lower IFR. Using the loglinear expression for the corrected IFR, the prevalence values of Figure 11b are obtained, more in accordance with the observed slope in cases and death curves. b) Accumulated prevalence at 31/8/2020 in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires according to age range, estimated from IFR values using excess deaths values. cache = ./cache/cord-321104-0rk1ef53.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321104-0rk1ef53.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323591-8r30lsq8 author = Martinez, Edson Zangiacomi title = Long-term forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic: a dangerous idea date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2353 sentences = 102 flesch = 51 summary = Among other important contributions, mathematical and statistical models are being used to forecast the short and long term course of the COVID-19 epidemic in a given population; these results are useful for estimating medical capacity requirements and to keep the public and decision-makers informed. Considering the model based on the Richards curve, it is estimated that in SP there will be K = 2,276,152 cases of COVID-19 by the end of the epidemic, and the peak of cases will occur on day b = 186.1 (tentatively, August 28, 2020). Figure 3 shows estimates of parameters K and b obtained from the fit of Richards models to the daily COVID-19 reports in SP and CE, considering a time series beginning on the date of notification of the first case in each state and ending on different dates, in a range from April 14 to July 8, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-323591-8r30lsq8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323591-8r30lsq8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322799-opf1qwgl author = Hiremath, Channabasavaraj Shivalingaiah title = IACTS guidelines: practice of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in the COVID-19 era date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3937 sentences = 251 flesch = 51 summary = Patients undergoing cardiovascular and thoracic procedures are at an accentuated risk of higher morbidity and mortality, which are a consequence of the proliferative nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the lung vasculature, which in turn reflects as a cascading effect on the interdependent physiology of the cardiovascular and pulmonary organ systems. A patient with any acute respiratory illness and having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the last 14 days prior to symptom onset or C. However, as per Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, all hospital personnel handling COVID-19 cases are advised hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis. Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery -continuing the service and 'suppressing' the pandemic COVID-19: elective case triage guidelines for surgical care (thoracic surgery COVID-19: elective cases triage guidelines for surgical care (vascular surgery cache = ./cache/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317512-kx0u9955 author = Karaye, Ibraheem M. title = The Impact of Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 in the U.S.: An Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3668 sentences = 208 flesch = 46 summary = This study estimates the association between case counts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and social vulnerability in the U.S., identifying counties at increased vulnerability to the pandemic. At the "global" level, overall Social Vulnerability Index (e β=1.65, p=0.03) and minority status and language (e β=6.69, p<0.001) were associated with increased COVID-19 case counts. In this study, minority status and language, household composition and transportation, and housing and disability predicted COVID-19 case counts in the U.S. Addressing the social factors that create poor health is essential to reducing inequities in the health impacts of disasters. At the "global" level, the finding that overall SVI and minority status and language were associated with increased COVID-19 case counts, highlights the impact of social vulnerability on the pandemic. In this study, minority status and language, household composition and disability, and housing and transportation were found to predict COVID-19 case counts in U.S. counties. cache = ./cache/cord-317512-kx0u9955.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317512-kx0u9955.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322986-fwm7rfps author = Ng, Boon Hau title = Silicone pneumonitis after gluteal filler: a case report and literature review date = 2020-02-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1811 sentences = 126 flesch = 33 summary = We describe a case of severe silicone pneumonitis complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and bilateral pneumothorax secondary to silicone gluteal augmentation. Liquid injectable silicone induced embolism has been reported by several studies as a cause of acute pneumonitis with alveolar haemorrhage [1] [2] [3] . The respiratory consequences that associated with silicone injection include acute pneumonitis [4] , acute respiratory distress syndrome, alveolar haemorrhages, and pulmonary embolism [5] . Diagnosis of the silicone pneumonitis is based on the clinical history of silicone implant or injection, the radiological pattern of subpleural infiltrates and peripherally distributed ground-glass opacities (GGO) [6, 7] , and tissues biopsy with histopathological features of alveolar haemorrhage [7] and non-refractile vacuole-like structure within the alveoli [1] . reported a case of acute pneumonitis after silicone injection for gluteal augmentation. Case report and literature review: acute pneumonitis and alveolar hemorrhage after subcutaneous injection of liquid silicone cache = ./cache/cord-322986-fwm7rfps.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322986-fwm7rfps.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326929-ytix4l1o author = Samillan, V. J. title = Environmental and climatic impact on the infection and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 in Peru date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4344 sentences = 214 flesch = 48 summary = In this study, we explored the relationship between the cumulative number of infections and mortality cases with climate (temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, water vapor pressure, wind), environmental data (elevation, NDVI, PM2.5 and NO2 concentration), and population density in Peru. Multiple linear regression models indicate elevation, mean solar radiation, air quality, population density and green cover are influential factors in the distribution of infection and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 in Peru. Although more studies are necessary, the rate of infection and the severity of the diseases seems different for people living in cities at high altitudes, where not only hipoxia is a major factor, but other factors such as air quality, solar radiation, and population density, could play a role in SARS-CoV-2 person-to-person transmission. The main objectives of this study was to explore the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality cases, case-fatality rates with a set of climate (temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, water vapor pressure, and wind), environmental data (elevation, NDVI, PM 2.5 and NO 2 concentration), and population density in Peru. cache = ./cache/cord-326929-ytix4l1o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326929-ytix4l1o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315609-naqo1m0r author = Prayuenyong, Pattarawadee title = Clinical Implications of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Ototoxicity for COVID-19 Treatment: A Mini-Review date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3044 sentences = 201 flesch = 50 summary = In the literature, there are reports of ototoxic effects of the drugs causing damage to the inner ear structures, which then result in hearing loss, tinnitus, and/or imbalance. The characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss and/or tinnitus after chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine treatment can be temporary but reports of persistent auditory and vestibular dysfunction exist. Ototoxicity after chloroquine use tends to be more sudden, while Assessment of short term chloroquine-induced ototoxicity in malaria patients (14) Subramaniam and Vaswani (14) Prospective observational study 30 (Aged 14-58 years old) 1200 mg loading load then 600 mg oral every 12 hours for 2 days -2 subjects showed a change in hearing thresholds on high frequency audiometry (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) . (28) Case report of a 34-year-old woman 1 400 mg daily -Patient complained of hearing loss and tinnitus after 5 months of hydroxychloroquine use. cache = ./cache/cord-315609-naqo1m0r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315609-naqo1m0r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318058-s8vvfejn author = Bellido-Blasco, J.B. title = Epidemiology of Infectious Diarrhea date = 2011-03-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6280 sentences = 348 flesch = 46 summary = From the epidemiological point of view, the cases can be sporadic or epidemic, and identification of the infection source and transmission mechanism is important for prevention and control. Even when incidences of the infection do not display such great geographic differences, in the case of some viruses, the indicators in terms of its lethality are noticeably different; for example, rotavirus is very frequent in all types of countries, but its severity (mortality rate) is greater in poor countries. Steen Ettenberg and other collaborators performed a specific study on cases registered throughout Denmark in the 1990s and found that 13.3% of Salmonella enteritidis, 10.4% of Shigella sonnei, 5.6% of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium, 3.2% of Campylobacter, and 2.0% of Yersinia enterocolitica cases belonged to this type of clusters, which is a large majority unknown to epidemiological monitoring systems. The study of risk factors in Campylobacter infection presents difficulties given that the majority of cases are sporadic and in children under the age of 2 years. cache = ./cache/cord-318058-s8vvfejn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318058-s8vvfejn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323705-n2rec4i8 author = Varatharaj, Aravinthan title = Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5252 sentences = 231 flesch = 36 summary = METHODS: During the exponential phase of the pandemic, we developed an online network of secure rapid-response case report notification portals across the spectrum of major UK neuroscience bodies, comprising the Association of British Neurologists (ABN), the British Association of Stroke Physicians (BASP), and the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCPsych), and representing neurology, stroke, psychiatry, and intensive care. During the exponential phase of the pandemic, we developed an online network of secure rapidresponse case report notification portals (CoroNerve platforms) comprising the Association of British Neurologists (ABN) Rare Diseases Ascertainment and Recruitment (RaDAR), 12 the British Association of Stroke Physicians (BASP), 13 and the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCPsych), 14 in collabo ration with the British Paediatric Neurology Association (BPNA), 15 the Neuro Anaesthesia and Critical Care Society (who used the ABN portal), the Intensive Care Society, and key stakeholders. cache = ./cache/cord-323705-n2rec4i8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323705-n2rec4i8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321819-lqyo9px1 author = Chaw, Liling title = Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Different Settings, Brunei date = 2020-11-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4170 sentences = 215 flesch = 47 summary = We identify red flags for potential superspreading events, specifically densely populated gatherings with prolonged exposure in enclosed settings, persons with recent travel history to areas with active SARS-CoV-2 infections, and group behaviors. Brunei's thorough contact tracing provides a rare opportunity to study the epidemiologic and transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in different community settings. Among 1,755 close contacts of the COVID-19 cluster among Tablighi members in Brunei, 52 local transmissions were detected, giving an overall nonprimary attack rate of 2.9% (95% CI 2.2%-3.8%). We could not calculate the attack rate for attendees of the local religious gathering because the 3 primary cases at the event had different symptom statuses and we could not ascertain how transmission occurred. In the household setting, symptomatic casepatients had 2.7 times the risk of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to their close contacts, compared with asymptomatic and presymptomatic case-patients (crude risk ratio 2.66 [95% CI 1.12-6.34]; Table 3 ). cache = ./cache/cord-321819-lqyo9px1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321819-lqyo9px1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323672-s0jfadyp author = Gökçe, Şule title = Corrigendum to “A Rare Cause of Childhood Cerebellitis-Influenza Infection: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature” date = 2018-02-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 121 sentences = 15 flesch = 61 summary = key: cord-323672-s0jfadyp authors: Gökçe, Şule; Kurugol, Zafer; Aslan, Aslı; Çiçek, Candan title: Corrigendum to "A Rare Cause of Childhood Cerebellitis-Influenza Infection: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature" date: 2018-02-20 journal: Case Rep Pediatr DOI: 10.1155/2018/5781843 sha: doc_id: 323672 cord_uid: s0jfadyp [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/4039358.]. In the article titled "A Rare Cause of Childhood Cerebellitis-In uenza Infection: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature" [1] , Dr. Candan Çiçek was missing from the authors' list. e corrected authors' list is shown above. Additionally, there were errors in the Case Representation section which should be corrected as follows: A rare cause of childhood cerebellitis-in uenza infection: a case report and systematic review of literature cache = ./cache/cord-323672-s0jfadyp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323672-s0jfadyp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320636-mvtux07x author = Pullano, G. title = Underdetection of COVID-19 cases in France in the exit phase following lockdown date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5252 sentences = 319 flesch = 48 summary = Using age-stratified transmission models parameterized to behavioral data and calibrated to regional hospital admissions, we estimated that 69,115 [58,072-77,449] COVID-19 symptomatic cases occurred, suggesting that 9 out of 10 cases with symptoms were not ascertained. In France, the surveillance strategy implemented by authorities to exit lockdown on May 11, 2020 was multifold 2,3 and based on an expanded case definition for COVID-19 suspect cases to guide clinical diagnosis 4 ; recommendations to the general population to seek healthcare even in presence of mild symptoms; prescription of diagnostic tests to suspect cases by general practitioners for systematic and comprehensive testing; isolation of confirmed cases and tracing of their contacts. Here we estimated the rate of detection of COVID-19 symptomatic cases in France in May-June 2020 after lockdown, through the use of virological and participatory syndromic surveillance data coupled with mathematical transmission models calibrated to regional hospitalizations. cache = ./cache/cord-320636-mvtux07x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320636-mvtux07x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320666-cmqj8get author = Walach, H. title = What association do political interventions, environmental and health variables have with the number of Covid-19 cases and deaths? A linear modeling approach date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7117 sentences = 444 flesch = 56 summary = Results: We fitted two models with log-linearly linked variables on gamma-distributed outome variables (CoV2 cases and Covid-19 related deaths, standardized on population). Population standardized cases were best predicted by number of tests, life-expectancy in a country, and border closure (negative predictor, i.e. preventive). Population standardized deaths were best predicted by time, the virus had been in the country, life expectancy, smoking (negative predictor, i.e. preventive), and school closures (positive predictor, i.e. accelerating). The model predicting Covid-19 related deaths is presented in Table 3 : Here the duration the infection had been in the country is a significant positive predictor, and so is life expectancy. The major findings of this modeling study using population data for 40 countries are clear, if surprising: Life-expectancy emerges as a stable positive predictor both for standardized cases of CoV2 infections, as well as for Covid-19 related deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-320666-cmqj8get.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320666-cmqj8get.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322525-22bt6zv8 author = Gorges, Rebecca J. title = Staffing Levels and COVID‐19 Cases and Outbreaks in US Nursing Homes date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2567 sentences = 153 flesch = 56 summary = We use logistic regressions to examine the associations of staffing levels from Nursing Home Compare with the outcomes of any COVID‐19 cases and, conditional on at least one case, an outbreak (defined as confirmed cases / certified beds greater than 10% or total confirmed and suspected cases / beds greater than 20% or greater than 10 deaths). However, among facilities with at least one case, higher nurse aide and total nursing hours are associated with a lower probability of experiencing an outbreak and with fewer deaths. For example, whereas staffing levels are unrelated to the probability of having at least one case or even increase that probability, perhaps by increasing traffic in and out of the facility, higher NA and total nursing hours are associated with lower probability of a larger outbreak and fewer deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-322525-22bt6zv8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322525-22bt6zv8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323074-u3bs5sj0 author = Garcia, L. P. title = ESTIMATING UNDERDIAGNOSIS OF COVID-19 WITH NOWCASTING AND MACHINE LEARNING: EXPERIENCE FROM BRAZIL date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3795 sentences = 280 flesch = 55 summary = This study aimed to analyze the underdiagnosis of COVID-19, through nowcasting with machine learning, in a South of Brazil capital. To analyze the underdiagnosis, we compared the difference between the data without nowcasting and the median of the nowcasted projections for the entire period and for the six days from the date of onset of symptoms to diagnosis at the moment of data extraction. To help overcome this challenge, the present study aimed to analyze the underdiagnosis of COVID-19 cases, through nowcasting with machine learning, in a South of Brazil capital city. The following variables were extracted from anonymized database of suspected and confirmed cases: i) diagnostic (confirmed, discarded or missing), ii) sex, iii) age (in years), The number of infected people (with a positive diagnosis and less than 14 days of symptom onset) and the rate of infected people per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated for the health regions where each notified person resides. cache = ./cache/cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319837-5avoulan author = Raman, Eshwara V. title = Pediatric Airway Surgeries in COVID 19 Era date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1887 sentences = 148 flesch = 57 summary = To outline a set of recommendations on the management of pediatric cases who requiring airway surgery in the context of COVID 19 pandemic. These recommendations have been made to help other pediatric airway surgeons to manage airway cases, however, this can be changed during this pandemic crisis though this can be changed later due to the evolving nature of COVID 19 and available evidence. As paediatric airway surgeries are aerosol generated procedure where the risk of contracting COVID 19 by the surgeons and support staff is very high, we suggest recommendations to prevent the contact with infected aerosol. As paediatric airway surgeries are aerosol generated procedure where the risk of contracting COVID 19 by the surgeons and support staff is very high, we suggest recommendations to prevent the contact with infected aerosol. cache = ./cache/cord-319837-5avoulan.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319837-5avoulan.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323769-2a8cbuh2 author = Boshoff, Willem H. title = South African competition policy on excessive pricing and its relation to price gouging during the COVID‐19 disaster period date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12354 sentences = 527 flesch = 40 summary = As discussed later, changes in consumer behaviour during the disaster period -including increased search costs and/or higher valuation of particular product characteristics -may reduce demand-side substitutes and increase the unilateral pricing power of firms -at least in certain types of market (Frank, 2020) . The focus on shorter horizons to assess market power has therefore facilitated an expanded scope of South African competition policy during the COVID-19 disaster, especially in relation to excessive pricing. Where the disaster period does not raise such additional concerns (perhaps in cases featuring local geographic markets, which allow price comparisons with, for example, nearby markets), intertemporal comparisons continue to offer more appropriate benchmarks for COVID-19-related investigations, for the reason discussed above. This advantage of the intertemporal benchmark is even more important in the context of COVID-19 cases, where changes in the willingness-to-pay is at the heart of excessive-pricing investigations: as argued earlier, changes in the willingness-to-pay underlies increased market power and its potential abuse during the disaster period. cache = ./cache/cord-323769-2a8cbuh2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323769-2a8cbuh2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326785-le2t1l8g author = nan title = Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 163rd meeting, 3–5 July 1991 date = 2005-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 22752 sentences = 2108 flesch = 42 summary = The lesions (usually multlpleand each 5 mm orless m diameter) were identified in lung parenchymaat a distance from the tumour and consisted of thickened alveolar walls lined by prominent, distinctly atypical cells morphologically Slmllar to type I 1 pneumacytes and cytologically different to the associated turnour Reactive changes 8" lung involved by obstrmtive pneumonitis were not included !n thts Sews All of the associated tumwra were peripheral adenocarcinamas and all showed a pattern of alveolar wall spread at the tumour periphery Clinically 7 of the patients were female and all were smokers or ex-smokers The slgnlflcance of this lesion in the histogenesis of primary pulmonary ademcarcinoma IS. cache = ./cache/cord-326785-le2t1l8g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326785-le2t1l8g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324405-6uanhe2p author = Burke, Rachel M. title = Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6616 sentences = 242 flesch = 41 summary = To interrupt transmission and facilitate early identification of secondary cases (i.e., transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 from the original travel-related case patient to a close contact), public health authorities at the state, county, and local levels, in consultation with subject-matter experts from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), mobilized rapidly to place the patients under appropriate isolation and identify contacts exposed to these patients. To understand the prevalence of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infection, a convenience sample of actively monitored close contacts was selected from whom to request respiratory (nasopharyngeal [NP] and oropharyngeal [OP]) samples outside of diagnostic specimen collection procedures (i.e., while contacts were asymptomatic or, in some cases, symptomatic with � 1 previous negative SARS-CoV-2 result); some sites were able to request at least one set of samples from all close contacts, but most sites targeted sample collection mainly to close contacts determined to have had high-risk exposures, such as household members and some healthcare personnel. cache = ./cache/cord-324405-6uanhe2p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324405-6uanhe2p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325300-wawui0fd author = Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title = 4 Communicable Diseases date = 2000-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 31276 sentences = 1672 flesch = 47 summary = No less important are organized programs to promote self protection, case finding, and effective treatment of infections to stop their spread to other susceptible persons (e.g., HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, malaria). Very great progress has been made in infectious disease control by clinical, public health, and societal means since 1900 in the industrialized countries and since the 1970s in the developing world. The WHO in 1998 has declared hepatitis prevention as a major public health crisis, with an estimated 170 million persons infected worldwide (1996) , stressing that this "silent epidemic" is being neglected and that screening of blood products is vital to reduce transmission of this disease as for HIu HCV is a major cause of chronic cirrhosis and liver cancer. Varicella vaccine is now recommended for routine immunization at age 12-18 months in the United States, with catch-up for children up to age 13 years and for occupationally exposed persons in health or child care settings. cache = ./cache/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327096-m87tapjp author = Peng, Liangrong title = Epidemic analysis of COVID-19 in China by dynamical modeling date = 2020-02-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4341 sentences = 279 flesch = 60 summary = As shown in Fig. 3e-f , the predicted total infected cases at the end of epidemic, as well as the the inflection point, at which the basic reproduction number is less than 1 6 , both show a positive correlation with the infection rate β and the quarantined time δ −1 and a negative correlation with the protection rate α. 16.20023465 doi: medRxiv preprint of COVID-19 since its onset in Mainland * , Hubei * , and Wuhan (Beijing and Shanghai are not considered due to their too small numbers of infected cases on Jan. 20th). Based on detailed analysis of the public data of NHC of China from Jan. 20th to Feb. 9th, we estimate several key parameters for COVID-19, like the latent time, the quarantine time and the basic reproduction number in a relatively reliable way, and predict the inflection point, possible ending time and final total infected cases for Hubei, Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai, etc. cache = ./cache/cord-327096-m87tapjp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327096-m87tapjp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324518-a346cjx4 author = Zhang, Zhibin title = The outbreak pattern of the SARS cases in Asia date = 2004 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1935 sentences = 118 flesch = 54 summary = The increase rate of SARS cases is expected to decrease with the cumulative SARS cases, as described by the traditional logistical model, which is widely used in population dynamic studies. The maximum instantaneous rate of increase, basic reproductive number, and maximum cumulative SARS cases were also calculated by using the logistic model. The outbreak pattern of cumulative SARS cases is likely of a logistic type because at the initial stage, it grows exponentially, later due to the increasing control effort by people and/or due to depletion of susceptible individuals, the infection will be slowed down. significant and negative linear "density dependency" of the instantaneous rate of increase on the cumulative cases of SARS indicates that the outbreak pattern of SARS can be well described by the logistic model( Fig. 1(a) and (b) ). cache = ./cache/cord-324518-a346cjx4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324518-a346cjx4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331830-vr2eqsbq author = Sawalha, Khalid title = Systematic Review of COVID-19 Related Myocarditis: Insights on Management and Outcome date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2828 sentences = 171 flesch = 49 summary = Methods Using a combination of search terms in the PubMed/Medline, Ovid Medline and the Cochrane Library databases and manual searches on Google Scholar and the bibliographies of articles identified, we reviewed all cases reported in the English language citing myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection. Results Fourteen records comprising a total of fourteen cases that report myocarditis/myopericarditis secondary to COVID-19 infection were identified. Infection with the novel pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also referred to as COVID-19, was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 (1). Pulmonary involvement is the most dominant clinical manifestation of COVID-19 including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which is associated with higher mortality, up to 52.4% in one series (3). Until prospective studies and trials establish guidelines for the management of COVID-19 myocarditis, treatment has to be catered to individual case presentations. cache = ./cache/cord-331830-vr2eqsbq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331830-vr2eqsbq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337878-hiylqqie author = Namasivayam, Abirami title = Atypical case of COVID-19 in a critically unwell 5-week old infant date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2519 sentences = 153 flesch = 49 summary = To our knowledge, he is the youngest reported case in the UK to require mechanical ventilation and intensive care treatment as a direct result of COVID-19 following horizontal transmission. 4 A larger nationwide study investigating 134 paediatric cases across China reported that 76% cases had fever, 64.9% cases presented as acute upper respiratory tract infection, 26.9% as mild pneumonia and 1.5% cases were critical; unfortunately, the specific age groups and comorbidities were not reported. At present there are few reports of paediatric patients requiring intensive care support with confirmed COVID-19. This case demonstrates the need for vigilance in considering COVID-19 infection in infants presenting with less discriminatory symptoms such as lethargy or reduced feeding. Dong et al report a case series of 2135 paediatric patients with confirmed and suspected coronavirus; infants (<1 year) were noted to be particularly vulnerable. cache = ./cache/cord-337878-hiylqqie.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337878-hiylqqie.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329739-wm5xho2o author = Hanna, Fikry title = Multiple myelomas in cats date = 2005-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5882 sentences = 308 flesch = 51 summary = Parameters abstracted from each cat's medical record: age, breed, sex, complete blood haematological and biochemical analysis results, feline leukaemia, feline immune deficiency and coronavirus (FIP) antibody titre test results, relative serum viscosity readings, serum protein electrophoresis and agar gel immunoelectrophoresis results, radiological findings, bone marrow aspiration cytologies or biopsy findings, routine urinalysis, urine electrophoresis and urine heat precipitation test results. In those cats with complete remission, transient or absence of the clinical signs were seen in cases 3, 5, 6 and 7, insignificant or complete absence of lucency on radiographs of the affected bone in cases 3 and 6, and return of serum protein level to normal in cases 3, 5, 6 and 7 when serum proteins were re-measured 8 weeks after treatment. Blood samples were suggestive of feline infectious peritonitis and the only evidence that multiple myeloma might be present was the presence of osteolytic bone lesions on radiographs of the lumbar spine and relative serum viscosity was 3.65 which may suggest hyperviscosity syndrome. cache = ./cache/cord-329739-wm5xho2o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329739-wm5xho2o.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322235-ttjja4r2 author = Kahambing, Jan Gresil S. title = Stigma, Exclusion, and Mental Health during COVID19: 2 Cases from the Philippines date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1375 sentences = 86 flesch = 62 summary = title: Stigma, Exclusion, and Mental Health during COVID19: 2 Cases from the Philippines Amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) called for considerations that might include stigma and social exclusion as mental health and psychological concerns. Psychiatry is vital in the crisis since it exposes psychosocial problems that, in the case of mental health, feed on the response of the people and society at large (Tandon, 2020) . Health care workers in the Philippines often suffer from the abuse that comes from stigma (Reuters, 2020) and this was shown even among themselves in the second case. This denial forms part of the negative effect on the health of those socially excluded (Samers, 1998) . The state of the art in European research on reducing social exclusion and stigma related to mental health: A systematic mapping of the literature Covid-19: Philippines health care workers suffer abuse, stigma cache = ./cache/cord-322235-ttjja4r2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322235-ttjja4r2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332086-hnn00byf author = Dolgikh, S. title = Identifying Explosive Cases with Unsupervised Machine Learning date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2670 sentences = 133 flesch = 45 summary = An analysis of a combined dataset of Wave 1 and 2 cases, aligned at approximately Local Time Zero + 2 months with unsupervised machine learning methods such as PCA and deep autoencoder dimensionality reduction allows to clearly separate milder background cases from those with more rapid and aggressive onset of the epidemics. The methodology is based on processing the input data expressed as a set of observable parameters that were identified and described in the study with unsupervised machine learning methods to identify and extract a smaller set of the most informative components. In many cases, evaluating distributions of data in the representations of informative components such as principal components in PCA or dimensionality reduction with neural network autoencoder models allows to identify and separate classes in the data by essential characteristics that can be linked to the outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-332086-hnn00byf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332086-hnn00byf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327301-5eko4htz author = Li, Yang title = Chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in preschool children: a retrospective study date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3395 sentences = 195 flesch = 51 summary = METHODS: From January 26, 2020 to February 20, 2020, the clinical and initial chest CT imaging data of eight preschool children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from two hospitals were retrospectively collected. The present study indicates that infected preschool children have different clinical symptoms and CT imaging findings from those of adults. The present findings indicate that the chest CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia in preschool children differ from those in adults. The early-stage imaging features of preschool children are not typical, mainly presenting consolidations, while the most common early-stage CT feature in adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is the GGO distributed along the bronchovascular bundle or the dorsolateral and subpleural part of the lungs [12] . In summary, the chest CT imaging features and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in preschool children are atypical and various, and are relatively mild or moderate compared with adult patients. cache = ./cache/cord-327301-5eko4htz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327301-5eko4htz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332314-nukv34fh author = Bartoszek, Krzysztof title = Are official confirmed cases and fatalities counts good enough to study the COVID-19 pandemic dynamics? A critical assessment through the case of Italy date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5611 sentences = 279 flesch = 59 summary = Clearly, the curves presented in Fig. 1 suggest that a more in-depth look at the raw numbers is required and that there is a need to put the data in a correct perspective before trying to fit any epidemiological model to them, especially because the viral dynamics are starting to be inferred from reported case fatalities [5, 18, 24] . Its constantly increasing infected and case fatality count has lead us looking in greater detail into this data, especially as it is used for curve-fitting of epidemiological models (e.g., [13, 15, 21, 31] following brief survey of arXiv) and presented in public media. In this work, we analyzed in depth the two statistics that are commonly reported for the currently ongoing COVID-19 pandemic-the number of confirmed cases and the number of case fatalities for the different regions of Italy. cache = ./cache/cord-332314-nukv34fh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332314-nukv34fh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330198-pwkxgbxk author = Cai, Xiaofang title = Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19 date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4287 sentences = 223 flesch = 50 summary = All febrile or suspected COVID-19 cases were referred to the fever clinic, and the others-including critically ill children-were received by the emergency department after pediatric 5-level triage. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of these children admitted from the emergency department to characterize thoroughly the features of COVID-19 that can be evaluated to distinguish this novel disease from pneumonia caused by other pathogens in pediatric patients. Owing to the parents' fear that their children were infected with SARS-CoV-2, the median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was shorter for confirmed COVID-19 cases (2.0 days) than that for suspected COVID-19 cases (3.0 days) and non-COVID-19 cases (4.0 days) (P < 0.05). Moreover, serologic testing can serve as an important adjunctive method for COVID-19 diagnosis, especially when the patient is highly suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection but is found to be negative by nucleic acid testing. cache = ./cache/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334521-sa0eyzq7 author = Ramos-Fresnedo, Andres title = Neurosurgical Interactive Teaching Series: A Multidisciplinary Educational Approach date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3706 sentences = 235 flesch = 57 summary = Conclusion: As the world of medicine is constantly changing, we are in need of developing new 18 tools to enhance our ability to relay knowledge through accredited and validated methods onto 19 physicians-in-training, such as the implementation of structured, multi-disciplinary, case-based 20 lectures as presented in this manuscript. Conclusion: As the world of medicine is constantly changing, we are in need of developing new 18 tools to enhance our ability to relay knowledge through accredited and validated methods onto 19 physicians-in-training, such as the implementation of structured, multi-disciplinary, case-based 20 lectures as presented in this manuscript. 13, 14 Based on 23 the multidisciplinary approach, we created a separate weekly lecture format, that is broadcast 24 internationally, where trainees are encouraged to critically prepare (with the help of multiple 25 experts) and review surgical cases for educational purposes. cache = ./cache/cord-334521-sa0eyzq7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334521-sa0eyzq7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333928-boq65pci author = Lee, Jia‐Jung title = Review of the present features and the infection control challenges of COVID‐19 pandemic in dialysis facilities date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1725 sentences = 121 flesch = 53 summary = Taiwan has 429 COVID-19 confirmed cases with clinical presentation including 298 (69.6%) cases of mild disease, 95 (22.2%) cases of pneumonia, 35 (8.2%) cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and six deaths (1.4%). Accordingly, this interim summary is not a comprehensive review but aims to update present clinical information and infection control strategies currently focusing on COVID-19 control in dialysis facilities. In the first case series reported in the United States, in the presentation and outcome of 21 critically ill patients, the majority was linked to exposure at a skilled nursing facility. 10 One large, retrospective case series of 1591 COVID-19-positive cases who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in the Lombardy Region of Italy showed similar presentation and patient outcomes. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury: An analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-333928-boq65pci.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333928-boq65pci.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341639-a8ig607t author = Hellewell, Joel title = Feasibility of controlling 2019-nCoV outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts date = 2020-02-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4573 sentences = 252 flesch = 50 summary = We considered scenarios that varied in: the number of initial cases; the basic reproduction number R0; the delay from symptom onset to isolation; the probability contacts were traced; the proportion of transmission that occurred before symptom onset, and the proportion of subclinical infections. For higher values of R0 and a large initial number of cases, contact tracing and isolation was only potentially feasible when less than 1% of transmission occurred before symptom onset. For example, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak that began in Southern China in 2003 was amenable to eventual control through tracing contacts of suspected cases and isolating confirmed cases because the majority of transmission occurred after symptom onset 7 . Figure 4 : The percentage of outbreaks controlled for the baseline scenario (black), and varied number of initial cases (A), time from onset to isolation (B), percentage of transmission before symptoms (C), and proportion of subclinical (asymptomatic) cases (D). cache = ./cache/cord-341639-a8ig607t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341639-a8ig607t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326584-io2f52kn author = Killeen, G. title = Why lockdown? Simplified arithmetic tools for decision-makers, health professionals, journalists and the general public to explore containment options for the novel coronavirus date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8767 sentences = 422 flesch = 47 summary = Faced with such brutally difficult decisions, it is essential that as many people as possible understand (1) why lock-down interventions represent the only realistic way for individual countries to contain their national-level epidemics before they turn into public health catastrophes, (2) why these need to be implemented so early, so aggressively and for such extended periods, and (3) why international co-operation to conditionally re-open trade and travel between countries that have successfully eliminated local transmission represents the only way to contain the pandemic at global level. Faced with such brutally difficult decisions, it is essential for policy-makers, health professionals, journalists and the general public that as many people as possible understand (1) why lock-down interventions represent the only realistic way for individual countries to contain their national-level epidemics before they turn into public health catastrophes, (2) why these need to be implemented so early, so aggressively and for such extended periods, and (3) why international co-operation to conditionally re-open trade and travel between countries that have successfully eliminated local transmission represents the only way to contain the pandemic at global level. cache = ./cache/cord-326584-io2f52kn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326584-io2f52kn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328921-trwggffp author = Hoz, Samer S. title = Neurosurgery in Iraq at the Time of Corona date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1022 sentences = 62 flesch = 60 summary = [1] Despite strict containment measures to stem the spread of the virus, the situation has escalated rapidly; the virus has now swept across 114 nations, with a total of 33106 deaths and 693224 confirmed cases worldwide (data as of the WHO's situation report on March 30, 2020). In Iraq, the set of challenges is rather unique; while the medical personnel are accustomed to working under conditions of extreme resource scarcity, our already collapsing, war-strained, cash-starved health-care system is unlikely to withstand the pressure brought on by the pandemic and, should the number of cases continues to escalate, the system is very likely to disintegrate, with deleterious short-and long-term consequences. [2] e Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital (NTH) in Baghdad/ Iraq provides neurosurgical care for 4.2 million peopleapproximately 50% of the population in Baghdad -with a total capacity of 102 beds, 16 neurosurgical intensive care unit beds, and 7 operating rooms. cache = ./cache/cord-328921-trwggffp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328921-trwggffp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337360-3fuuqbyq author = Machery, Edouard title = Responses to Herman Cappelen and Jennifer Nado date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6549 sentences = 250 flesch = 46 summary = Philosophy Within Its Proper Bounds (Machery 2017) addresses the reference class problem by identifying the causes of the demographic and presentation effects-the disturbing characteristics-and by generalizing to all the cases that have the same characteristics. I will assume that Nado does not take Weatherson's proposal to be a normative proposal about how to use ''knowledge'' (i.e., it is not a piece of conceptual engineering or a metalinguistic negotiation) nor is it a case of precisifying an antecedently indeterminate question; it is rather a truth-evaluable claim about the fact of the matter in the situation described in Gettier cases, and it takes theoretical virtues to be truth-conducive. Even if Cappelen were right about unusualness and even if his arguments somehow extended to the two other disturbing characteristics, this would only show that I have failed at identifying the features of the cases examined by experimental philosophers that produce unreliable judgments, not that there are no such features. cache = ./cache/cord-337360-3fuuqbyq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337360-3fuuqbyq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333226-o23da4x2 author = Wang, Yuke title = Strongly Heterogeneous Transmission of COVID-19 in Mainland China: Local and Regional Variation date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4251 sentences = 220 flesch = 52 summary = We studied the variation in transmission of COVID-19, locally in Wuhan, as well as on a larger spatial scale, among different cities and even among provinces in mainland China. The sizes of outbreak in provinces of mainland China mainly depended on the numbers of cases imported from Wuhan as the local reproduction numbers were low. Second, to evaluate the role of "the Market" in Wuhan and estimate the numbers of cases caused by contact with this source (its reproduction number) in early transmission, data for the first confirmed 425 COVID-19 cases with date of symptom onset and exposure information to "the Market" was extracted from a recently published report (6) . (B) Distribution of the serial interval for onset of clinical symptoms, estimated from COVID-19 clusters with partially known links ( Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-333226-o23da4x2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333226-o23da4x2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340027-6l55rcfm author = Mamode Khan, Naushad title = Studying the trend of the novel coronavirus series in Mauritius and its implications date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3627 sentences = 198 flesch = 52 summary = This paper proposes an integer-valued time series model to analyze the series of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius wherein the corresponding innovation term accommodates for covariate specification. Based on the proposed COM-Poisson mixture models, we could predict the number of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius. The paper therefore proposes an integer-valued auto-regressive model (INAR(1)) with Conway-Maxwell Poisson (COM-Poisson) mixed innovation terms that can accommodate for covariate, random effect and serial auto-correlation specifications. The organization of the paper is as follows: In Section 2, material in terms of time series of COVID-19 in Mauritius and proposed methods principally the INAR(1) Process and the COM-Poisson mixture innovations have been provided. The results of this research revealed that several factors, the most significant being confinement measure, and least one being climatic conditions, affect the number of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius. cache = ./cache/cord-340027-6l55rcfm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340027-6l55rcfm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338830-h2nrw374 author = Gong, Xiaohuan title = Three infection clusters related with potential pre-symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Shanghai, China, January to February 2020 date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4592 sentences = 247 flesch = 53 summary = Investigators interviewed suspected COVID-19 cases to collect epidemiological information, including demographic characteristics, illness onset, hospital visits, close contacts, activities' trajectories between 14 days before illness onset and isolation, and exposure histories. On 1 February 2020, another hospital in Shanghai reported one suspected COVID-19 case and six of their close contacts to the local district CDC; four of the close contacts tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by realtime reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction (rRT-PCR), 1-2 days later (Cluster 2). Investigators interviewed COVID-19 cases, close contacts and healthcare workers directly (face-to-face or over the phone) to collect epidemiological information including demographic characteristics, date of illness onset, hospital visits, close contacts, activities' trajectories between 14 days before illness onset and isolation and exposure histories (i.e. travel to or living in Wuhan or Hubei Province, visiting any other area with local sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2, contact with persons with respiratory symptoms, contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases). cache = ./cache/cord-338830-h2nrw374.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338830-h2nrw374.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341187-jqesw4e8 author = Yu, Xinhua title = Modeling Return of the Epidemic: Impact of Population Structure, Asymptomatic Infection, Case Importation and Personal Contacts date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3797 sentences = 217 flesch = 47 summary = title: Modeling Return of the Epidemic: Impact of Population Structure, Asymptomatic Infection, Case Importation and Personal Contacts J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 7 We investigate the impact of population structure, case importation, asymptomatic cases, and the number of contacts on a possible second wave of epidemic through mathematical modelling. Methods: we built a modified Susceptible-exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model with parameters mirroring those of the COVID-19 pandemic and reported simulated characteristics of epidemics for incidence, hospitalizations and deaths under different scenarios. Methods: we built a modified Susceptible-exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model with parameters mirroring those of the COVID-19 pandemic and reported simulated characteristics of epidemics for incidence, hospitalizations and deaths under different scenarios. Epidemic model simulation has been used extensively to estimate essential epidemic parameters, In this study, we will build a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model [27] to simulate the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate the impact of population structure, asymptomatic cases, case importation, and the number of contacts on the epidemic progression. cache = ./cache/cord-341187-jqesw4e8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341187-jqesw4e8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337219-d81v8b4j author = Cheong, Chang Heon title = Case Study of Airborne Pathogen Dispersion Patterns in Emergency Departments with Different Ventilation and Partition Conditions date = 2018-03-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7181 sentences = 354 flesch = 51 summary = Simulation cases for analysis were established, as shown in Table 3 , to conduct a case study that analyzed the range of airborne pathogen dispersion according to the location of diffusers in the bed area of the ED, the ventilation rate, and the installation of partitions between beds. Simulation cases for analysis were established, as shown in Table 3 , to conduct a case study that analyzed the range of airborne pathogen dispersion according to the location of diffusers in the bed area of the ED, the ventilation rate, and the installation of partitions between beds. Simulation cases for analysis were established, as shown in Table 3 , to conduct a case study that analyzed the range of airborne pathogen dispersion according to the location of diffusers in the bed area of the ED, the ventilation rate, and the installation of partitions between beds. cache = ./cache/cord-337219-d81v8b4j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337219-d81v8b4j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338123-4pshh5ov author = nan title = SARS Alert Applicability date = 2004-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1461 sentences = 67 flesch = 41 summary = If the illness is included in the list of notifiable infectious diseases, the case must be reported to the local public health authority so infection control measures can be implemented. To determine how the sickness certification system in other European Union countries operates and assesses the feasibility of the WHO alert surveillance, we interviewed specialists in infectious diseases or public health in France (seven imported cases of SARS, two in healthcare workers), Spain (one case), and Denmark (no cases) (2) by electronic mail. All hospitals that treated patients with suspected SARS either had their own committee to classify patients according to World Health Organization guidelines or followed the protocol for classification or reclassification of reported cases by the team members (3). From the first day that suspected cases were reported to the Taiwan Center for Disease Control, the patients were placed in negative-pressure isolation rooms when available. cache = ./cache/cord-338123-4pshh5ov.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338123-4pshh5ov.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338819-wkb318sq author = Saez, Marc title = Effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants on the spatial spread of COVID-19 in Catalonia, Spain date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9830 sentences = 497 flesch = 57 summary = Our objective was to investigate, at a small area level, whether long-term exposure to air pollutants increased the risk of COVID-19 incidence and death in Catalonia, Spain, controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors. Our objective in this paper was to investigate, at a small area level and controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors, whether long-term exposure to air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM 10 , coarse particles with a diameter of 10 µm or less) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), increased the risk of COVID-19 incidence and death in Catalonia, Spain. In Tables 2 and 3 we show the estimation results of the GLMM models with which we specified the association between air pollutants and the daily incident positive cases and daily deaths, controlling, in both cases, for socioeconomic and demographic variables, unobserved confounders and the spatial and the temporal dependency. cache = ./cache/cord-338819-wkb318sq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338819-wkb318sq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345623-ba3we97o author = BOELLE, Pierre-Yves title = Excess cases of Influenza like illnesses in France synchronous with COVID19 invasion. date = 2020-03-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1412 sentences = 114 flesch = 64 summary = title: Excess cases of Influenza like illnesses in France synchronous with COVID19 invasion. Several French regions where COVID19 has been reported currently show a renewed increase in ILI cases in the general practice based Sentinelles network. We computed the expected number of ILI consultations using the superposition of a seasonal (4) and an influenza epidemic component (5) , as detailed in the appendix. Assuming a positivity rate for SARS-CoV-2 of 2/7 in these regions, we estimated that 760 (CI95% [219, 1706]) ARI consultations in the > 65 y.o. could have been caused by COVID19 during week 10 (2/7 of 2600 ARI visits). is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Several processes may be at play in this observation, including at least characteristics of the influenza season, change in population behaviour or increase in COVID19 incidence. cache = ./cache/cord-345623-ba3we97o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345623-ba3we97o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342774-zjpi34up author = Pennisi, M.G. title = Case Report of Leishmaniasis in Four Cats date = 2004 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1283 sentences = 72 flesch = 61 summary = At the time of diagnosis the following clinical signs were observed: depression and anorexia (cases 1 and 4), severe weight loss (cases 1 and 4), pale mucous membranes (cases 1 and 4), dehydration (case 1), solitary (case 3) or systemic lymph node enlargement (cases 2 and 4), presence of a small crusty ulcer (case 1), cutaneous bloody cyst (cases 1 and 3), alopecia (case 4), dyspnea (case 1) and hepatomegaly (case 4). At the time of euthanasia lymph node enlargement was no longer evident, the specific antibody titre was 320 and serum protein electrophoresis had changed in the preceding month with reduction of hypergammaglobulinemia and development of hyperalfaglobulinemia. For the first time feline leishmaniasis has been reported in FIV+ cats (three cases out of four) and treated with oral drugs, which generally meet with greater compliance from the owners, especially for long-term therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-342774-zjpi34up.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342774-zjpi34up.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351930-puhm3w42 author = Juan, J. title = Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Maternal, Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes: a Systematic Review of 266 Pregnancies date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4503 sentences = 285 flesch = 53 summary = . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20088484 doi: medRxiv preprint are fever, cough, dyspnea/shortness of breath and fatigue; third, on admission, most cases have patchy shadowing or ground-glass opacity on CT of the chest, and that normal or low leukocyte, lymphocytopenia and raised CRP are the most common laboratory findings observed in COVID-19-infected pregnant patients; fourth, the rate of severe COVID-19 pneumonia is relatively low but there are two reported maternal deaths, as of April 23, 2020; fifth, COVID-19 does not appear to increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia; sixth, only a few pregnancies have resulted in a spontaneous miscarriage or abortion; seventh, of those who have delivered, the gestational age at delivery ranged from 28 to 41 weeks and the majority of cases have had Cesarean delivery; and eighth, in the case-series there have been no reported cases of neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, however, in the case-reports there has been one case each with positive SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid and neonatal throat swab. cache = ./cache/cord-351930-puhm3w42.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351930-puhm3w42.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338466-7uvta990 author = Singh, Brijesh P. title = Modeling and forecasting the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in India and significance of lockdown: A mathematical outlook date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9001 sentences = 478 flesch = 57 summary = For the spread of COVID-19, when disease dynamics are still unclear, mathematical modeling helps us to estimate the cumulative number of positive cases in the present scenarios. There are already various measures such as social distancing, lockdown masking and washing hand regularly has been implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19, but in absence of particular medicine and vaccine it is very important to predict how the infection is likely to develop among the population that support prevention of the disease and aid in the preparation of healthcare service. The logistic growth regression model is used for the estimation of the final size and its peak time of the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries of the World and found similar result obtained by SIR model (Batista, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-338466-7uvta990.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338466-7uvta990.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337789-pabaoiqs author = Oprinca, George-Călin title = Postmortem examination of three SARS-CoV-2-positive autopsies including histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4995 sentences = 282 flesch = 47 summary = This paper describes three autopsy cases with postmortem diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with detailed macroscopic examination as well as advanced microscopic studies of organ tissues collected using hematoxylin-eosin stains and immunohistochemical markers. Microscopic evaluation revealed viral cytopathic effect of type II pneumocytes with a couple of cells that presented cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions and who tend to form clusters mimicking multinucleated giant cells. This paper describes three autopsy cases with unknown cause of death, with full macroscopic examination as well as histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of collected organ tissues, including the lung from which reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) tests were made to determine SARS-CoV-2 infection. Microscopic examination of the pulmonary tissue revealed large areas of alveolar damage with destruction of the alveolar wall lining and intra-alveolar septa, marked vascular congestion, accompanied by intra-alveolar hemorrhage. cache = ./cache/cord-337789-pabaoiqs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337789-pabaoiqs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347353-ll2pnl81 author = Saberi, M. title = Accounting for underreporting in mathematical modelling of transmission and control of COVID-19 in Iran date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4508 sentences = 215 flesch = 49 summary = We use a mathematical epidemic model utilizing official confirmed data and estimates of underreporting to understand how transmission in Iran has been changing between February and April 2020. We estimate a reduction in the effective reproduction number during this period, from 1.73 (95% CI 1.60-1.87) on 1 March 2020 to 0.69 (95% CI 0.68-0.70) on 15 April 2020, due to various non-pharmaceutical interventions including school closures, a ban on public gatherings including sports and religious events, and full or partial closure of non-essential businesses. This study aims to understand the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Iran and to assess the effectiveness of the control measures that were put in place over time through estimation of the effective reproduction number ܴ ሺ ‫ݐ‬ ሻ defined as the average number of susceptible persons infected by an infected person during its infectious period at a given time in the course of the epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-347353-ll2pnl81.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347353-ll2pnl81.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343897-f4imrltt author = Weimer, Louis H. title = Neuromuscular disorders in pregnancy date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10277 sentences = 651 flesch = 45 summary = Disorders include carpal tunnel syndrome and other focal neuropathies, Bell palsy, myasthenia gravis, and other neuromuscular junction disorders, acute and chronic inflammatory neuropathy, hereditary and acquired muscle diseases, spinal muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, channelopathies, autonomic neuropathy, and dysautonomia. In one patient-reported symptom-based study, a male fetus and prior back pain were positive risk factors but prior pregnancy was not. One study found further evidence that facial neuropathy is more severe in pregnancy-associated cases despite corticosteroid treatment (Phillips et al., 2017) . A large Italian series reviewed plasmapheresis complications of 936 procedures during 57 pregnancies; treatment indications were various and included some for myasthenia gravis (MG). Pregnancy-induced disease severity alterations and treatment adjustments are important clinical considerations; a multidisciplinary medical approach that includes an obstetrician and neurologist is best (Norwood et al., 2014 15% of mildly affected patients became relatively severe. cache = ./cache/cord-343897-f4imrltt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343897-f4imrltt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342303-ddulfe06 author = Ismael, Julia title = Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 and cancer: consensus from scientific societies in Argentina date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7121 sentences = 400 flesch = 42 summary = METHODOLOGY: The review included two phases: 1) search and systematic revision of the medical literature; 2) consensus and revision of the document drafted by national scientific societies involved in the management and care of cancer patients using the modified Delphi method. The recommendations are grouped as follows: 1) general care interventions—training of the personnel, cleaning and disinfection of the hospital premises and patient scheduling; 2) treatment decisions—patient care, surgeries, immunosuppressive therapy, radiotherapy and screening; 3) ethical considerations—optimisation of resources, end-of-life care for critically-ill patients; 4) management of hospitalised patients; and 5) wellbeing of the healthcare team. In cases where the overall benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy may be small, and where there are no immunosuppressive options available (for example, hormonal therapy in early-stage hormone-dependant breast cancer), the risk of infection from COVID-19 can be considered as an additional factor to evaluate before the different options available to the patient. cache = ./cache/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336934-57kbz29c author = Kesteman, Thomas title = Investigating Pneumonia Etiology Among Refugees and the Lebanese population (PEARL): A study protocol date = 2019-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9602 sentences = 444 flesch = 47 summary = pneumoniae serotypes in nasopharyngeal and blood samples; identify the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the pathogenic bacteria isolated from nasopharyngeal and blood samples and compare these profiles with antibiotic prescriptions; examine the association between respiratory viral infections and invasive pneumococcal infections; identify risk factors for CAP in this population, especially those that may be modifiable (crowding, tobacco smoking, domestic sources of smoke produced by cooking or heating, etc.), and thus provide data for prevention programs; provide current data on the incidence and severity of CAP in vulnerable populations in Lebanon; provide a unique transcriptomics dataset as regards the sociodemographic profile of the patients and spectrum of diseases; compare microbiological and transcriptomic methods in estimating viral vs bacterial attributable fractions of LRTI; and assess the operational capacity of rapid, nuclear acid-based point-of-care diagnostic tests in a humanitarian crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-336934-57kbz29c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336934-57kbz29c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348494-yx11ucrb author = Ali, Kamran title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and management of aerosol-generating procedures in dentistry date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1651 sentences = 83 flesch = 44 summary = Conclusions This retrospective study provides preliminary data on aerosol and droplet contamination during endonasal and transoral surgery performed under a negative pressure isolation drape system. This retrospective study provides preliminary data on aerosol and droplet contamination during endonasal and transoral surgery performed under a negative pressure isolation drape system. Notwithstanding the limitations of the design, negative-pressure aspiration of air under a chamber barrier is likely to minimise the contamination from aerosol and droplet during endonasal and transoral surgery. Notwithstanding the limitations of the design, negative-pressure aspiration of air under a chamber barrier is likely to minimise the contamination from aerosol and droplet during endonasal and transoral surgery. • Finally, dental professionals should not remain at the receiving end of cross infection control guidelines and should explore appropriate platforms to actively participate in research aimed at informing evidence-based protocols to limit the spread of COVID-19 in dental environments. cache = ./cache/cord-348494-yx11ucrb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348494-yx11ucrb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346583-2w39qsld author = Valev, D. title = Relationships of total COVID-19 cases and deaths with ten demographic, economic and social indicators date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5425 sentences = 343 flesch = 58 summary = Below the results of statistical studies on the relationship of total COVID-19 cases per 1 million population and deaths per 1 million populations at 28 May 2020 with 10 demographic, economic and social indicators (indices) are shown. The statistical relationships of total COVID-19 Cases and Deaths per million populations in these countries with 10 demographic, economic and social indicators (indices) were studied. The statistical relationships of total COVID-19 Cases and Deaths per million populations in these countries with 10 demographic, economic and social indicators (indices) were studied. These indicators are Life Expectancy, Median Age, Growth Rate, Population Density, GDP PPP per capita, Human Development Index (HDI), Gini index of income equality, Intelligence Quotient (IQ), Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) and Democracy Index. These indicators are Life Expectancy, Median Age, Growth Rate, Population Density, GDP PPP per capita, Human Development Index (HDI), Gini index of income equality, Intelligence Quotient (IQ), Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) and Democracy Index. cache = ./cache/cord-346583-2w39qsld.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346583-2w39qsld.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339009-wcoch07b author = File, Thomas M. title = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Pertinent Clinical Characteristics and Therapy date = 2012-08-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6023 sentences = 324 flesch = 50 summary = Because the causative agent of SARS is • one or more clinical findings of respiratory illness (e.g. cough, contagious, preventative measures focus on avoidance of exposhortness of breath, difficulty in breathing, or hypoxia) sure, and infection control strategies for suspected patients and • travel within 10 days of onset of symptoms to an area with contacts. [12] Of the reported cases was updated to include laboratory criteria for evidence of infection 64% were from China, 19% from Hong Kong, 8% from Taiwan, with the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Algorithm for evaluating and managing patients requiring hospitalization for radiographically confirmed pneumonia, in the absence of person-toperson transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) anywhere in the world. cache = ./cache/cord-339009-wcoch07b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339009-wcoch07b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347248-6scdvu1d author = Ge, Yang title = Estimation of Coronavirus Disease Case-Fatality Risk in Real Time date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 740 sentences = 47 flesch = 56 summary = title: Estimation of Coronavirus Disease Case-Fatality Risk in Real Time We ran a simulation comparing 3 methods to calculate case-fatality risk for coronavirus disease using parameters described in previous studies. When comparing real-time case-fatality risk, the current trajectory of the epidemic should be considered. In their analyses, the authors estimated the case-fatality risk adjusted to a fixed lag time to death. Progression of coronavirus disease outbreak and changes in the case-fatality risk by crude and adjusted rates. When comparing real-time estimation of the case-fatality risk across countries and regions, our results indicate that the current trajectory of the epidemic should be considered, particularly if the epidemic is still in its early growth phase. Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China Estimating risk for death from 2019 novel coronavirus disease, China cache = ./cache/cord-347248-6scdvu1d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347248-6scdvu1d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348999-989vojgu author = Boddington, N. L. title = COVID-19 in Great Britain: epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first few hundred (FF100) cases: a descriptive case series and case control analysis date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6501 sentences = 311 flesch = 49 summary = Objectives: Following detection of the first virologically-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Great Britain, an enhanced surveillance study was initiated by Public Health England to describe the clinical presentation, course of disease and identify risk factors for infection of the first few hundred cases. This paper describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first few hundred cases of COVID-19 identified in GB, including estimates of sensitivity and specificity of selected symptoms, associations of underlying health conditions with infection and estimates of the prevalence of these conditions in the UK population. service.gov.uk/uk-population-by-ethnicity/national-and-regional-populations/population-of-england-and-wales/latest) Logistic regression analysis of associations of age and sex with COVID-19 included 358 cases with data on underlying health conditions (to allow adjustment for immunosuppression), and 2,705,963 UK general population controls. Analysis of associations of underlying health conditions with COVID-19 infection included 358 cases with comorbidity data, and 2,705,963 UK general population controls (Table 4 ). cache = ./cache/cord-348999-989vojgu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348999-989vojgu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327005-7zgolyqf author = Zhang, Lan title = Clinical Features of 33 Cases in Children Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Anhui Province, China–A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3747 sentences = 213 flesch = 57 summary = Here, we report 33 patients under the age of 19 years with confirmed COVID-19 infection from Anhui province, China, and describe the clinical features, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of a chest CT, treatment, and clinical outcome. Information recorded included demographic data, medical history, familial clustering, details of the confirmed patients, if any, in the family, whether they were residents of Wuhan, or traveled to Wuhan, whether they came in contact with confirmed patients, signs, and symptoms, including pharyngodynia, fever, cough, vomiting and diarrhea, fatigue, tightness in the chest, total WBC and lymphocyte percentages, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, liver function, CKMB, a marker of myocardial injury, chest CT, administration of INF a, lopinavir and ritonavir, ribavirin, or arbidol, and titers of Mp-IgM, anti-parainfluenza virus IgM, anti-influenza virus IgM, and anti-adenovirus IgM. A retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the epidemiological data, clinical symptoms, and signs, changes in WBC and total lymphocyte counts, chest CT, and the different treatments in children infected with SARS-COV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-327005-7zgolyqf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327005-7zgolyqf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347317-qcghtkk0 author = Russo, Lucia title = Tracing day-zero and forecasting the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: A compartmental modelling and numerical optimization approach date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9776 sentences = 397 flesch = 51 summary = For the estimation of the day-zero of the outbreak in Lombardy, as well as of the "effective" per-day transmission rate for which no clinical data are available, we have used the proposed SEIIRD simulator to fit the numbers of new daily cases from February 21 to the 8th of March. Among the perplexing problems that mathematical models face when they are used to estimate epidemiological parameters and to forecast the evolution of the outbreak, two stand out: (a) the uncertainty regarding the day-zero of the outbreak, the knowledge of which is crucial to assess the stage and dynamics of the epidemic, especially during the first growth period, and (b) the uncertainty that characterizes the actual number of the asymptomatic infected cases in the total population (see e.g. cache = ./cache/cord-347317-qcghtkk0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347317-qcghtkk0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345019-i7zm9bt1 author = Al-Waleedi, Ali Ahmed title = The first 2 months of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Yemen: Analysis of the surveillance data date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4496 sentences = 236 flesch = 55 summary = A total of 268 individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were hospitalized (57%), among whom there were 95 in-hospital deaths, CONCLUSIONS: The surveillance strategy implemented in the first 2 months of the SARS CoV 2 in the southern and eastern governorates of Yemen, captured mainly severe cases. For early detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Yemen, as in other countries, a case definition, active surveillance, and contact tracing were required [10, 11] . The first 2 months after confirmation of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Yemen was characterized by a 57% hospitalization rate in the southern and eastern parts of the country included in The First 2 Months of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Yemen our study, 63% of deaths occurring in individuals aged <60 years, confirmatory testing of <50% of the suspected cases, and majority of cases were not related to a defined chain of transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-345019-i7zm9bt1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345019-i7zm9bt1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346247-5jwbg6bc author = Awasthi, Amit title = Statistical interpretation of environmental influencing parameters on COVID-19 during the lockdown in Delhi, India date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3962 sentences = 219 flesch = 55 summary = In this study, the COVID-19 connection with various weather parameters like temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity is investigated and the future scenario of COVID-19 is predicted based on the Gaussian model (GM). Based on statistical analysis, this has been observed that the temperature parameter shows a significant positive trend during the period of study. To predict the future scenario of COVID-19, this is not appropriate to use an exponential equation, because an exponential growth represents a continuous increase, whereas in the pandemic scenario, the number of cases will indeed increase rapidly up to certain days or months, afterward the value will start to decrease after forming a peak. ;R 2 = 0.997 Fig. 5 Daily variation in confirmed COVID-19 cases the fitted GM, it is predicted that the maximum number of cases is observed during the time range of 166.15 ± 36 days. cache = ./cache/cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347543-muon0kuu author = Bellido-Blasco, J. B. title = Epidemiology of Infectious Diarrhea date = 2011-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5968 sentences = 326 flesch = 45 summary = Steen Ettenberg and other collaborators performed a specific study on cases registered throughout Denmark in the 1990s and found that 13.3% of Salmonella enteritidis, 10.4% of Shigella sonnei, 5.6% of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium, 3.2% of Campylobacter, and 2.0% of Yersinia enterocolitica cases belonged to this type of clusters, which is a large majority unknown to epidemiological monitoring systems. For example, an outbreak that occurred in the United States in the first half of 2008 was Table 1 Epidemiologic first approach to a case of diarrhea produced by Salmonella Saintpaul with the same genetic fingerprint that affected more than 500 people in 32 states. Agent: bacterial, viral, other (biotoxin, chemical); reservoir and exposure source: animal, soil, surfaces, water, food, ill person, carriers; mechanism of transmission: food, water, hands, aerosol, or dust swallowed via mouth; individual at risk: age, earlier health status, genetic susceptibility; group at risk: same opportunity to exposure; other related people: contact with primary ill or asymptomatic person. cache = ./cache/cord-347543-muon0kuu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347543-muon0kuu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343042-9mue4eiv author = Bertozzi, Giuseppe title = Mistrial or Misdiagnosis: The Importance of Autopsy and Histopathological Examination in Cases of Sudden Infant Bronchiolitis-Related Death date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2451 sentences = 117 flesch = 38 summary = Following these complaints, the autopsy was performed, and subsequent histological examinations revealed the presence of typical and pathognomonic histological findings of acute viral bronchiolitis, whose morphological appearance is poorly reported in the literature. For all these reasons, the autopsy, either clinical or medicolegal, is mandatory in cases of sudden unexpected infant death to manage claim requests because only the histological examinations performed on samples collected during the autopsy can reveal the real cause of death. In fact, in the reported case studies, histopathologic diagnostics identified pathognomonic signs of acute bronchiolitis characterized by edema, congestion, leukocytic infiltration in the bronchiolar wall, leukocytes in the peribronchial interstitial pulmonary space, allowing the identification of the exact cause of death. The analysis of the presented cases shows that the autopsy is mandatory in SUID occurrence, in which the absence of anamnestic data and/or acute clinical signs does not allow to identify the cause of death. cache = ./cache/cord-343042-9mue4eiv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343042-9mue4eiv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353786-284qn075 author = Chen, Zhi-Min title = Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus date = 2020-02-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3521 sentences = 224 flesch = 47 summary = title: Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus At the onset of the disease, infected children mainly present with fever, fatigue and cough, which may be accompanied by nasal congestion, runny nose, expectoration, diarrhea, headache, etc. 2. Children with a history of contacting patients with fever or respiratory symptoms who have a travel or residence history in Wuhan City and neighboring areas, or in other areas with persistent local transmission within 14 days prior to disease onset. 3. Children with a history of contacting confirmed or suspected cases infected with 2019-nCoV within 14 days prior to disease onset. 4. Children who are related with a cluster outbreak: in addition to this patient, there are other patients with fever or respiratory symptoms, including suspected or confirmed cases infected with 2019-nCoV. Most of the cases have normal or decreased white blood cell counts, while severely infected children show reduced level of lymphocyte count. cache = ./cache/cord-353786-284qn075.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353786-284qn075.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342012-1w3x0g42 author = Wu, Joseph T. title = Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China date = 2020-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5328 sentences = 298 flesch = 55 summary = For a completely novel pathogen, especially one with a high (say, >2) basic reproductive number (the expected number of secondary cases generated by a primary case in a completely susceptible population) relative to other recently emergent and seasonal directly transmissible respiratory pathogens 4 , assuming homogeneous mixing and mass action dynamics, the majority of the population will be infected eventually unless drastic public health interventions are applied over prolonged periods and/or vaccines become available sufficiently quickly. We therefore extended our previously published transmission dynamics model 4 , updated with real-time input data and enriched with additional new data sources, to infer a preliminary set of clinical severity estimates that could guide clinical and public health decision-making as the epidemic continues to spread globally. Given that we have parameterized the model using death rates inferred from projected case numbers (from traveler data) and observed death numbers in Wuhan, the precise fatality risk estimates may not be generalizable to those outside the original epicenter, especially during subsequent phases of the epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-342012-1w3x0g42.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342012-1w3x0g42.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343962-12t247bn author = Cori, Anne title = Key data for outbreak evaluation: building on the Ebola experience date = 2017-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9871 sentences = 480 flesch = 42 summary = Here we build on experience gained in the West African Ebola epidemic and prior emerging infectious disease outbreaks to set out a checklist of data needed to: (1) quantify severity and transmissibility; (2) characterize heterogeneities in transmission and their determinants; and (3) assess the effectiveness of different interventions. Dynamic transmission models, which account for saturation effects, can be used to assess the long-term impact of the outbreak such as predicting the timing and magnitude of the epidemic peak or the attack rate (final proportion of population infected) [39, 40] . Estimates of the secondary attack rate have been obtained for the West African Ebola epidemic by reconstructing household data based on information reported by cases, in particular, as part of contact-tracing activities [86, 87] . Such data were widely used during the West African Ebola epidemic to quantify the risk of international spread of the disease, and to assess the potential impact of airport screening and travel restrictions on the outbreak [9,94 -96] . cache = ./cache/cord-343962-12t247bn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343962-12t247bn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355267-ndzgxk0k author = Kassa, Semu M. title = Analysis of the mitigation strategies for COVID-19: from mathematical modelling perspective date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8616 sentences = 451 flesch = 54 summary = Whereas knowledge of the virus dynamics and host response are essential for formulating strategies for antiviral treatment, vaccination, and epidemiological control of COVID-19, estimation of changes in transmission over time can provide insights into the epidemiological situation and help to identify whether public health control measures are having a measurable effect [5, 39] . Applying the above described set of assumptions in the bounds for some of the parameters, we optimized the model output to fit the daily new cases data reported from the Hubei province, China. Analysis of the mitigation strategies for COVID-19 Figure 11 : Dynamics of the disease with at most 10% of the population in the class and at least 50% of the class are detected and quarantined just after Phase 1 period, with strict social distancing rule imposed for 11 weeks. cache = ./cache/cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331666-iwkuwnun author = Schweitzer, Wolf title = Implications for forensic death investigations from first Swiss post-mortem CT in a case of non-hospital treatment with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3810 sentences = 191 flesch = 49 summary = Comment: With the pandemic impact of SARS-COV-2, a range of issues unfolds, also for medicolegal investigations into deaths, as we report the first Swiss case with post-mortem CT where death had occurred due to a SARS-COV-2 infection, with features of a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, as an outpatient. Control: Case of a 24 year old woman who had no acute respiratory distress syndrome related findings at all; there was post-mortem hypostasis dorsally at the right lung. While this man's subjective report apparently did not include dyspnea, even less than a day prior to his death, the pulmonary pathology of this outpatient, as evidenced by PMCT, appears to extend beyond the severity shown in descriptions of currently published SARS-CoV-2-related fatalities, all of which apparently had obtained prior hospital and intensive-care treatment [39] [40] [41] . As post-mortem RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 in a forensic setting may not be available or too slow, PMCT may identify lung changes possibly related to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-331666-iwkuwnun.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331666-iwkuwnun.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352635-yrq58n4k author = Teles, Pedro title = PREDICTING THE EVOLUTION OF COVID-19 IN PORTUGAL USING AN ADAPTED SIR MODEL PREVIOUSLY USED IN SOUTH KOREA FOR THE MERS OUTBREAK date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3487 sentences = 183 flesch = 63 summary = I then construct two or three different scenarios for the evolution of covid-19 in Portugal, considering both the effectiveness of the mitigation measurements implemented by the government, and the self-protective measures taken by the population, as explained in the South Korean model. Without control and self-protective measures, this model predicts that the figures of active cases of SARS-covid-2 would reach a staggering ~40,000 people It shows the importance of control and self-protecting measure to bring down the number of affected people by following the recommendations of the WHO and health authorities. This allowed me to fit the curve of current active cases in Portugal with a model, which I then use, by implementing the control measure parameters predicted in the model to predict the future number of cases, in three different scenarios (the outof-control scenario, a scenario in which the government is successful in applying control measures and citizens mildly adhere to self-protection measures, and a scenario in which the government fails to completely apply control measures, yet citizens still adhere to some measure of self-protection). cache = ./cache/cord-352635-yrq58n4k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352635-yrq58n4k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343234-ps12f9jq author = Levallois, P. title = Risk of Infectious Gastroenteritis in Young Children Living in Québec Rural Areas with Intensive Animal Farming: Results of a Case–Control Study (2004–2007) date = 2013-02-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5457 sentences = 294 flesch = 44 summary = The quality of the drinking water used by the participants was investigated for microbial indicators as well as for four zoonotic bacterial pathogens (Campylobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Yersinia spp) and two enteric parasites (Cryptosporidium spp and Giardia spp). We conducted a population-based case-control survey of all children aged less than 5 years and living in a large rural area, with intensive animal farming, admitted to hospitals or notified to the public health department (as reportable diseases), with symptoms of acute diarrhoea during a period of 21 months. We defined a case as a child who was (i) a resident of the study area; (ii) aged from 6 months to 5 years; (iii) either (a) hospitalized for diarrhoea in the absence of a diagnosed chronic gastrointestinal disease; or (b) notified to the public health department with a laboratory diagnosis of gastroenteritis for one of the microbial enteric pathogens of interest. cache = ./cache/cord-343234-ps12f9jq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343234-ps12f9jq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349197-3trr8d0u author = Ventura, Francesco title = Two Fatal Cases of Hidden Pneumonia in Young People date = 2010-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2503 sentences = 137 flesch = 40 summary = In both cases the cause of death was cardio‐respiratory failure following an acute bilateral pneumonia with diffuse alveolar damage and ARDS associated with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Our cases suggest on one side the importance of an early diagnosis to avoid unexpected death while on the other that the diagnosis of ARDS has to be confirmed on the basis of a careful postmortem examination and a complete microscopy and microbiological study. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma leading to impaired gas exchange with concomitant systemic release of inflammatory mediators by local epithelial and endothelial cells, causing inflammation, hypoxemia resulting often in multiple organ failure (MOF), and disseminate intravascular coagulation (DIC) (1) . The clinical presentation, the radiological and laboratory findings in one case, and the postmortem examination with histological, immunohistochemical, and microbiological exams in both cases, led us to conclude for an acute cardio-respiratory failure secondary to bilateral pneumonia with DAD and consequently ARDS associated with sepsis and DIC. cache = ./cache/cord-349197-3trr8d0u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349197-3trr8d0u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351941-fgtatt40 author = Ghaffarzadegan, Navid title = Simulation‐based estimation of the early spread of COVID‐19 in Iran: actual versus confirmed cases date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9174 sentences = 452 flesch = 52 summary = Estimates using data up to March 20th, 2020, point to 916,000 (90% UI: 508 K, 1.5 M) cumulative cases and 15,485 (90% UI: 8.4 K, 25.8 K) total deaths, numbers an order of magnitude higher than official statistics. The current paper focuses on using a standard dynamic epidemiological model as a tool for incorporating various sources of data into a unified estimation of the actual trajectory of disease, applying the method to COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. We also use unofficial data points including four observations about the number of Iranian passengers diagnosed with COVID-19 upon arrival in international airports, and three estimates aggregated by healthcare providers in Iran and reported by BBC and Iran International news agencies about total cases of death from COVID-19. We define a likelihood function for change over time (net-inflow) of official reports on cumulative death, recovered and infection assuming they are count events drawn from model-predicted rates (Poisson distribution). cache = ./cache/cord-351941-fgtatt40.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351941-fgtatt40.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344008-h4kc04w0 author = Liang, Donghai title = Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5751 sentences = 221 flesch = 41 summary = We used both single and multipollutant models and controlled for spatial trends and a comprehensive set of potential confounders, including state-level test positive rate, county-level healthcare capacity, phase-of-epidemic, population mobility, population density, sociodemographics, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, behavioral risk factors, and meteorology. To address these analytical gaps and contribute towards a more complete understanding of the impact of long-term exposures to ambient air pollution on COVID-19-related health consequences, we conducted a nationwide study in the USA (3,122 counties) examining associations between multiple key ambient air pollutants, NO 2 , PM 2.5 , and O 3 , and COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality rates in both single and multi-pollutant models, with J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f comprehensive covariate adjustment. We hypothesized that residents living in counties with higher long-term ambient air pollution levels may be more susceptible to COVID-19 severe outcomes, thus resulting in higher COVID-19 case-fatality rates and mortality rates. cache = ./cache/cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347323-lmgn3626 author = Howe, James R. title = COVID-19 Guideline Modifications as CMS Announces “Opening Up America Again”: Comments from the Society of Surgical Oncology date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1194 sentences = 67 flesch = 51 summary = The CMS document suggests that ''providers should prioritize surgical/procedural care and high/complexity chronic disease management.'' 1 This would require testing capacity, a healthy workforce, adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), and post-acute care that would not jeopardize the facility's capacity to respond to another surge in COVID-19 cases. To summarize, the White House and CMS documents 1,2 suggest that facilities with down-trending numbers of COVID-19 cases, adequate testing abilities, and no shortages of PPE, intensive care unit (ICU) beds, ventilators, or health care workers may be able to resume elective surgeries, which would reasonably include all cancer cases. The early recovery phase is characterized by fewer COVID-19 cases each day and greater availability of limited resources such as PPE, health care workers, ventilators, ICU beds, and testing. ACS Guidelines for Triage and Management of Elective Cancer Surgery Cases During the Acute and Recovery Phases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-347323-lmgn3626.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347323-lmgn3626.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349978-zklwovba author = Jombart, Thibaut title = Inferring the number of COVID-19 cases from recently reported deaths date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2474 sentences = 149 flesch = 56 summary = We developed a model to use CFR alongside other epidemiological factors underpinning disease transmission to infer the likely number of cases in a population from newly reported deaths. This model combines data on the reproduction number (R) and serial interval distribution to simulate new cases 'y t ' on day 't' from a Poisson distribution: Our approach is implemented in the R software 13 and publicly available as R scripts (see Extended data) 14 , as well as in a user-friendly, interactive web-interface available at: https://cmmid.github.io/visualisations/ inferring-covid19-cases-from-deaths 2 . We first used our model to assess likely epidemic sizes when an initial COVID-19 death is reported in a new location. Extended data for: Inferring the number of COVID-19 cases from recently reported deaths This article describes a statistical modeling method for estimating the number of COVID-19 cases from the first reported deaths in a defined location. cache = ./cache/cord-349978-zklwovba.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349978-zklwovba.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349217-vpih1wvs author = Petropoulos, Fotios title = Forecasting the novel coronavirus COVID-19 date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3159 sentences = 185 flesch = 60 summary = Assuming that the data used is reliable and that the future will continue to follow the past pattern of the disease, our forecasts suggest a continuing increase in the confirmed COVID-19 cases with sizable associated uncertainty. While all three data patterns show an exponential increase, the trends of both the confirmed cases and the deaths were reduced in the mid of February; a second exponential increase is observed in late February and March as a result of the increased number of cases in South Korea, Iran, and Europe. The mean estimate (point forecast) for the confirmed cases ten-days-ahead was 209 thousand with the 90% prediction intervals ranging from about 38 to 534 thousand cases. However, the estimated uncertainty by splitting the data is considerably lower, possibly since the confirmed cases outside Mainland China have significantly increased only recently. cache = ./cache/cord-349217-vpih1wvs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349217-vpih1wvs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355309-nr8fwc8q author = Porten, Klaudia title = A super-spreading ewe infects hundreds with Q fever at a farmers' market in Germany date = 2006-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5338 sentences = 270 flesch = 58 summary = To investigate risk factors for infection we conducted a case control study (cases were Q fever patients, controls were randomly selected Soest citizens) and a cohort study among vendors at the market. To determine the outbreak size we therefore asked local public health departments in Germany to ascertain a possible link to the farmers' market in Soest for all patients notified with Q-fever. To obtain an independent, second estimate of the proportion of hospitalizations among symptomatic patients beyond that reported through the statutory surveillance system we calculated the proportion of hospitalized patients among those persons fulfilling the clinical case definition (as used in the vendors' study (s.b.)) identified through random sampling of the Soest population (within CCS2 (s.b.)) as well as in two cohorts (vendors' study and the 9 sailor friends (see below)). cache = ./cache/cord-355309-nr8fwc8q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355309-nr8fwc8q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349238-qfvm883x author = Maponga, Brian A title = Risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, 2011: a case control study date = 2013-12-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3455 sentences = 234 flesch = 62 summary = title: Risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, 2011: a case control study We conducted a case controlstudy to determine risk factorsfor contracting watery diarrhoea in children less than 5 years in Kadoma City. METHODS: An unmatched 1:1 case control study was conducted in Ngezi and Rimuka townships in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe. Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity in the world, and mostly results from contaminated food and water sources.In developing countries, children below 3 years experience on average 3 episodes of diarrhoea every year. A case was defined as a child less than five years old who presented to a health facility with acute watery diarrhoea, with or without vomiting and other symptoms, between 5 th September and 1 st October 2011, who had been resident in Kadoma City for one week prior to onset of symptoms. This study sought to establish risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea among children less than five years old in Kadoma City. cache = ./cache/cord-349238-qfvm883x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349238-qfvm883x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347182-oj3v1x99 author = Catala, M. title = Robust estimation of diagnostic rate and real incidence of COVID-19 for European policymakers date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7902 sentences = 426 flesch = 65 summary = While total deaths immediately indicate that countries like Italy and Spain have the worst situation as of mid April 2020, on its own, reported cases do not provide a correct picture of the situation. Then we discuss our key assumption: the real 41 case fatality rate (CFR) in European countries experiencing a significative incidence will 42 be roughly the same, given the similar structure of the population. Using this rate is straightforward to give a present-day estimate of the 63 incidence given the number of reported infected people in each country as long as we 64 can observe that the rate of diagnosis remains fairly constant. This value can 86 be compared with the number of cases detected 18 days ago, obtaining a diagnostic depending on the availability of tests, saturation of the health system and other 91 external factors, countries have a great variability in the time of diagnosis delay. cache = ./cache/cord-347182-oj3v1x99.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347182-oj3v1x99.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349821-5ykwwq75 author = Ippolito, G. title = Biological weapons: Hospital preparedness to bioterrorism and other infectious disease emergencies date = 2006-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6497 sentences = 257 flesch = 35 summary = The term 'highly infectious diseases' describes infections caused by pathogens that are transmissible from person to person, cause severe or life-threatening illness; present a serious hazard in healthcare settings and in the community; and require specific control measures, which may include management of cases in a highly secure isolation unit. In Canada, where SARS 'paralysed the Greater Toronto Area healthcare system for weeks' [27] , and the Toronto public health department investigated 2132 potential cases of SARS, identified over 23,000 contacts as requiring quarantine and logged more than 316,000 calls on its SARS hotline [28] , a national review commission identified systemic deficiencies in response capacity, including 'inadequacies in institutional outbreak management protocols, infection control and infectious disease surveillance', and found that these deficiencies resulted at least in part from failure to implement lessons learned from earlier public health emergencies [22] . cache = ./cache/cord-349821-5ykwwq75.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349821-5ykwwq75.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351098-x729wpp7 author = Long, Rachel B. title = Characterizing trends in human-wildlife conflicts in the American Midwest using wildlife rehabilitation records date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6361 sentences = 244 flesch = 37 summary = The purpose of this study was to examine the value of wildlife rehabilitation facility admissions records for informing understanding of local human-wildlife conflicts and wildlife disease trends by 1) identifying the top reasons for admission to this facility, 2) examining how occurrences as measured by admitted cases may fluctuate monthly and across taxa, and 3) analyzing trends in commonly admitted disease cases. To examine how human-wildlife conflict as measured by admissions to this facility may vary seasonally and across taxonomic groups, we assessed changes in mean cases admitted per month via Chi-squared tests. We further examined the top four identified specific causes of admission to the wildlife rehabilitation facility: orphaned, dog attacks, cat attacks, and vehicle strikes. Our study demonstrates the value of wildlife rehabilitation records for characterizing local human-wildlife conflicts and potentially select disease trends, as well as how occurrences may fluctuate seasonally and impact taxa differently. cache = ./cache/cord-351098-x729wpp7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351098-x729wpp7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347375-5ucemm87 author = Sazzad, Hossain M.S. title = Nipah Virus Infection Outbreak with Nosocomial and Corpse-to-Human Transmission, Bangladesh date = 2013-02-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4333 sentences = 205 flesch = 54 summary = In Bangladesh, 135 probable or confirmed cases of Nipah virus (NiV) infection in humans were identified from 2001 through 2008; 98 (73%) were fatal (1) . To detect outbreaks of NiV infection, the surveillance system identifies sporadic NiV cases during January-March and clusters of encephalitis patients throughout the year. To assess asymptomatic NiV infection in the outbreak community, we asked community members who had close physical contact or had shared date palm sap from the same pot with probable or confirmed case-patients within the preceding month, to provide a blood specimen for serologic testing. We shipped an aliquot of serum, cerebrospinal fluid, throat swab specimens, and urine from patients with probable and confirmed cases of NiV infection and from those with IgM against NiV to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA, for confirmatory testing. cache = ./cache/cord-347375-5ucemm87.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347375-5ucemm87.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354821-t7400ru5 author = Hermanowicz, Slav W title = Simple model for Covid-19 epidemics - back-casting in China and forecasting in the US date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3280 sentences = 220 flesch = 63 summary = We sequentially estimated sets of model parameters (maximum number of cases K, growth rate r, and half-time t0) and the epidemic "end time" t95 (defined as the time when the number of cases, predicted or actual, reached 95% of the maximum). In our previous recent work (Hermanowicz 2020) , we used a simple logistic model to analyze the evolution of data on Covid-19 cases as reported in mainland China by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC 2020) . For each dataset of reported cumulative case numbers (China and the US), we estimated three parameters of the logistic model (maximum case number K, growth rate r, half-time t0) fitting model predictions to the data. 1101 In case of China, where the epidemic growth has essentially ended, the sequential estimation process (back-casting) simulated near-real time analysis of the dynamics. cache = ./cache/cord-354821-t7400ru5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354821-t7400ru5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355480-mx9dbm73 author = Bajunirwe, Francis title = Long distance truck drivers and the increasing risk of COVID-19 spread in Uganda date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1703 sentences = 102 flesch = 65 summary = title: Long distance truck drivers and the increasing risk of COVID-19 spread in Uganda Data include number of persons tested and the categories classified as international arrivals, community members and long distance truck drivers. Of those that tested positive, majority or 317 (71.8%) were truck drivers, 75 (16.9%) were community cases and 50 (11.3%) were international arrivals. We classify the cases into three categories namely: international traveller, local/ community cases, and long-distance truck drivers. Of those that tested positive, majority or 317 (71.8%) are truck drivers, 75 (16.9%) were community cases and 50 (11.3%) were international arrivals as shown in Table 1 below. Long distance truck drivers have established themselves as the highest risk group for COVID-19 currently in Uganda. The epidemic is now literally being driven by the truck drivers who have emerged as a core group for COVID in Uganda. cache = ./cache/cord-355480-mx9dbm73.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355480-mx9dbm73.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010119-t1x9gknd author = nan title = Abstract Presentations from the AABB Annual Meeting San Diego, CA ctober 7‐10, 2017 date = 2017-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 230193 sentences = 13234 flesch = 55 summary = Conclusion: The wide distribution in the concentration of bioactive lipids among 405 stored RBC units suggests that lipid degradation is highly donor-Background/Case Studies: To ensure availability of biological products to hospitals, blood banks have developed and validated multiple storage conditions for each of their products to maximize shelf life and quality. 1 The Department of Blood Transfusion, The PLA General Hospital, 2 The Department of Blood Transfusion, Air Force General Hospital, PLA Background/Case Studies: Recently, multi researches have reported that longer term-stored red blood cells(RBCs) units were associated with increased risks of clinically adverse events, especially in critically ill patients. Weak D types 1, 2 and 3 express all the major RhD epitopes and these patients can be managed as RhD-positive, which may lead to a reduction in unnecessary Rh immunoglobulin (RhIG) administration and conservation of RhD-negative RBCs. Study Design/Method: RHD genotyping was performed on all patient samples with weaker than expected or discrepant RhD typing results, utilizing a commercially available genotyping kit manufactured by Immucor (RHD BeadChip). cache = ./cache/cord-010119-t1x9gknd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010119-t1x9gknd.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-005646-xhx9pzhj cord-221669-uokr4mjq cord-014687-0am4l5ms cord-014794-yppi30a0 cord-277173-zdft23q8 cord-291024-9g4om4sf cord-283399-iz4l9i0d cord-303657-o66rchhw cord-300570-xes201g7 cord-308680-moligska cord-325300-wawui0fd cord-337878-hiylqqie cord-338819-wkb318sq Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-010027-r0tl01kq cord-016826-oatjcmy0 cord-018917-7px75s3c cord-005881-oswgjaxz cord-029410-m19od0wj cord-022176-hprwqi4n cord-005816-i54q5gsu cord-253638-5f9ofdsc cord-006790-lye0qjw8 cord-151030-5x3ztp1n cord-006328-0tpj38vb cord-167454-ivhqeu01 cord-002426-5e1xn7kj cord-005646-xhx9pzhj cord-025886-259357pg cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 cord-022147-istz1iql cord-128436-xndrlnav cord-020544-kc52thr8 cord-001512-u3u2k8hj cord-018761-vm86d4mj cord-025337-lkv75bgf cord-122594-0y34yxlb cord-014687-0am4l5ms cord-015368-a0qz4tb9 cord-006818-2lclcf1x cord-014712-5u4e00q6 cord-018792-oqwbmyft cord-006854-o2e5na78 cord-227268-8k9zaqsy cord-009713-sxd4t2tz cord-017012-yl0vanuh cord-015947-kgyl052w cord-005147-mvoq9vln cord-010980-sizuef1v cord-103291-nqn1qzcu cord-000721-leedutqo cord-028444-bl9ahsxk cord-006924-1i3kf01j cord-006882-t9w1cdr4 cord-253851-27nt0op8 cord-127109-jdizyzbl cord-253256-909chgl0 cord-206391-1dj285h8 cord-254340-e1x0z3rh cord-256260-9jatvium cord-002972-ge7qt256 cord-011745-dbdtpojs cord-103545-2v89ku4o cord-006172-ndmf5ekp cord-221717-h1h2vd3r cord-008686-9ybxuy00 cord-028721-x6f26ahr cord-030870-ao5p3ra3 cord-022597-9b1a8cri cord-022034-o27mh4wz cord-260180-kojb8efv cord-011245-nkr0998x cord-016290-l592k753 cord-152238-z0gysxni cord-259126-5d4p8woi cord-035351-3mv6x0w9 cord-236070-yao5v598 cord-022512-939pika7 cord-251070-gxqg494t cord-023186-gqltd6u0 cord-244687-xmry4xj4 cord-103711-tnw82hbm cord-126419-u61qc8ey cord-262413-jm4qmpeg cord-260299-0blol7to cord-102850-0kiypige cord-255814-k203h9jq cord-018016-r7tg0s45 cord-266077-l13wv186 cord-017016-twwa9djm cord-004675-n8mlxe7p cord-201798-doi5w7tb cord-259368-k8t8brjy cord-242887-gtmpd7t0 cord-142389-t5swlp04 cord-000614-gl9cjmno cord-245047-d81cf3ms cord-014794-yppi30a0 cord-262623-lmf2h6oc cord-221669-uokr4mjq cord-275457-buq2d4k2 cord-264037-43yr6qon cord-015372-76xvzvdg cord-034961-4lpjo9a5 cord-264486-o01s0upf cord-271862-jk37ej4c cord-255140-3dwqqgv1 cord-276254-q04hqra2 cord-266982-069pelqj cord-018110-mcw4v13c cord-004211-58x3nnsc cord-277563-rc88vn6e cord-247554-535cpe5x cord-007331-wccmeaep cord-282125-3i2jhvwn cord-015369-72cjogxz cord-017634-zhmnfd1w cord-018116-99z6ykb2 cord-253542-twn07poq cord-273913-xem3alih cord-015348-qt0worsl cord-261256-iwdusvrw cord-006849-vgjz74ts cord-270805-o6rbfmie cord-262104-oig3qrr7 cord-200185-oz2x9a9s cord-259984-csdf1a69 cord-131678-rvg1ayp2 cord-284017-1fz90e3k cord-279215-qwk0jkqm cord-284810-fs5rx07q cord-281603-3308f8hm cord-262787-3a3c8ee1 cord-016557-f2mzwhrt cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 cord-288676-wycj1imc cord-264266-6xvj9zey cord-254955-q5gb4qkq cord-257801-rgzmpoxv cord-024651-578c9ut5 cord-019347-tj3ye1mx cord-273861-sg7esn4p cord-005105-twsy61oq cord-262646-64ldtrjf cord-263044-o8aosx2q cord-275978-pezm1tnw cord-280394-v2pwvst7 cord-277173-zdft23q8 cord-273601-icituitn cord-272909-n6wfe1of cord-000718-7whai7nr cord-282338-u01qv3uc cord-018714-i291z2ju cord-256995-itiz6mqv cord-257684-4b66lenw cord-285002-jv91qwjg cord-288389-z0sz1msj cord-119626-qb6fea06 cord-272956-0yumc7em cord-269457-i02brfzr cord-288052-qfjet2sa cord-282561-t1edr9gp cord-273573-a9inlk96 cord-286477-0euaaspo cord-021087-n4epxwn9 cord-024564-ff5ex004 cord-282530-55lhjfm8 cord-022756-kdgo4rqb cord-022650-phsr10jp cord-256553-iw5squ6n cord-010513-7p07efxo cord-265049-uwzmvlr4 cord-283294-fvhq8yud cord-249166-0w0t631x cord-279539-s2zv7hr4 cord-283215-dgysimh5 cord-015352-2d02eq3y cord-263508-row2mn17 cord-144860-a4i9vnjz cord-279330-vy0ohgia cord-291024-9g4om4sf cord-287520-51kmd2ds cord-283749-j4600733 cord-283399-iz4l9i0d cord-290116-ytpofa7b cord-288770-hquc2v2c cord-292719-n5lg43tr cord-293234-ouykx6g5 cord-296229-pkwxlydz cord-291726-8670s4st cord-283979-1dn7at6k cord-290567-hyod58n2 cord-290902-9ibswt32 cord-290206-fmy4zrim cord-293167-3bd3adip cord-294118-tm2kesum cord-291307-71s44kbs cord-293430-h4r0jpy5 cord-291363-re45w37d cord-292709-4hn55wui cord-292490-djp9onk5 cord-296081-6coxz3l8 cord-290133-4ou7ubb4 cord-312615-q333qgps cord-297884-a6yrtuwf cord-295513-q5f8d0ig cord-298086-pbfi5c8e cord-293315-kx4x2g24 cord-310288-onr700ue cord-296487-m4xba78g cord-300570-xes201g7 cord-302774-ekw2oxw2 cord-303657-o66rchhw cord-308556-xi2un0kc cord-310144-s25do8cb cord-296739-ujsqshjg cord-301299-flb5wwzg cord-298626-duvzwxv0 cord-302842-idbmh1uo cord-303703-ekhwb5xb cord-314634-udtoutew cord-300583-0krbrj4w cord-306340-fmgsp615 cord-311439-y9jwu38r cord-314211-tv1nhojk cord-307834-shmpfnrj cord-314120-zp9k1k3z cord-309909-60nrhl3t cord-308680-moligska cord-311044-kjx0z1hc cord-309378-sfr1x0ob cord-015359-gf32a6f1 cord-309476-hel3h25h cord-304084-ervaxqph cord-304798-j2tyjo1j cord-311479-8pjoz64q cord-314368-p5ecpcll cord-311195-oee19duz cord-299584-zpiaka80 cord-315343-ywgoqlxj cord-304455-z5n9ys86 cord-305498-8tmtvw1r cord-312137-u260m04t cord-313420-ubm8j1xe cord-312267-0tb08b0z cord-297360-rw2vmlno cord-311669-112kxj5s cord-304820-q3de7r1p cord-316006-t080mykk cord-312911-nqq87d0m cord-317451-gv9q7sf1 cord-315744-nr0fu2qb cord-316959-iua8c4hy cord-319323-1qt7vf59 cord-315490-xs5v3uc3 cord-320135-kof4tcoe cord-312065-nqy7m38f cord-315466-74m7cur3 cord-309108-ulvnn3we cord-318340-hptjqmrl cord-320953-1st77mvh cord-304317-ad3tct5b cord-314851-de6kyjup cord-320385-myiuhxdb cord-321194-xi4zy5ow cord-321104-0rk1ef53 cord-318012-bg9y2nsp cord-323591-8r30lsq8 cord-317512-kx0u9955 cord-322986-fwm7rfps cord-326929-ytix4l1o cord-322799-opf1qwgl cord-315609-naqo1m0r cord-318058-s8vvfejn cord-321819-lqyo9px1 cord-320636-mvtux07x cord-323705-n2rec4i8 cord-323672-s0jfadyp cord-322525-22bt6zv8 cord-320666-cmqj8get cord-323074-u3bs5sj0 cord-319837-5avoulan cord-323769-2a8cbuh2 cord-326785-le2t1l8g cord-324405-6uanhe2p cord-325300-wawui0fd cord-324518-a346cjx4 cord-331830-vr2eqsbq cord-337878-hiylqqie cord-332086-hnn00byf cord-329739-wm5xho2o cord-338067-vjyad10p cord-327096-m87tapjp cord-322235-ttjja4r2 cord-327301-5eko4htz cord-332314-nukv34fh cord-330198-pwkxgbxk cord-334521-sa0eyzq7 cord-341639-a8ig607t cord-333928-boq65pci cord-326584-io2f52kn cord-328921-trwggffp cord-337360-3fuuqbyq cord-340027-6l55rcfm cord-333226-o23da4x2 cord-338830-h2nrw374 cord-341187-jqesw4e8 cord-338123-4pshh5ov cord-337219-d81v8b4j cord-342774-zjpi34up cord-338819-wkb318sq cord-345623-ba3we97o cord-351930-puhm3w42 cord-338466-7uvta990 cord-343897-f4imrltt cord-347353-ll2pnl81 cord-337789-pabaoiqs cord-342303-ddulfe06 cord-336934-57kbz29c cord-346583-2w39qsld cord-348494-yx11ucrb cord-339009-wcoch07b cord-347248-6scdvu1d cord-348999-989vojgu cord-327005-7zgolyqf cord-347317-qcghtkk0 cord-345019-i7zm9bt1 cord-346247-5jwbg6bc cord-347543-muon0kuu cord-343042-9mue4eiv cord-353786-284qn075 cord-342012-1w3x0g42 cord-343962-12t247bn cord-352635-yrq58n4k cord-355267-ndzgxk0k cord-331666-iwkuwnun cord-343234-ps12f9jq cord-351941-fgtatt40 cord-347323-lmgn3626 cord-344008-h4kc04w0 cord-349197-3trr8d0u cord-349978-zklwovba cord-355309-nr8fwc8q cord-349217-vpih1wvs cord-347182-oj3v1x99 cord-349238-qfvm883x cord-349821-5ykwwq75 cord-347375-5ucemm87 cord-351098-x729wpp7 cord-354821-t7400ru5 cord-355480-mx9dbm73 cord-010119-t1x9gknd Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-010027-r0tl01kq cord-029410-m19od0wj cord-236070-yao5v598 cord-008686-9ybxuy00 cord-010980-sizuef1v cord-127109-jdizyzbl cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 cord-035351-3mv6x0w9 cord-018792-oqwbmyft cord-131678-rvg1ayp2 cord-010513-7p07efxo cord-001512-u3u2k8hj cord-151030-5x3ztp1n cord-025337-lkv75bgf cord-256260-9jatvium cord-256553-iw5squ6n cord-103711-tnw82hbm cord-025886-259357pg cord-006854-o2e5na78 cord-244687-xmry4xj4 cord-018110-mcw4v13c cord-253638-5f9ofdsc cord-005147-mvoq9vln cord-247554-535cpe5x cord-030870-ao5p3ra3 cord-102850-0kiypige cord-022147-istz1iql cord-254955-q5gb4qkq cord-257801-rgzmpoxv cord-255140-3dwqqgv1 cord-006849-vgjz74ts cord-262787-3a3c8ee1 cord-264266-6xvj9zey cord-260299-0blol7to cord-266982-069pelqj cord-271862-jk37ej4c cord-282338-u01qv3uc cord-280394-v2pwvst7 cord-275457-buq2d4k2 cord-273861-sg7esn4p cord-277563-rc88vn6e cord-273601-icituitn cord-281603-3308f8hm cord-275978-pezm1tnw cord-265049-uwzmvlr4 cord-288389-z0sz1msj cord-282125-3i2jhvwn cord-283215-dgysimh5 cord-285002-jv91qwjg cord-279330-vy0ohgia cord-292719-n5lg43tr cord-288770-hquc2v2c cord-296229-pkwxlydz cord-292490-djp9onk5 cord-296081-6coxz3l8 cord-297884-a6yrtuwf cord-312615-q333qgps cord-300570-xes201g7 cord-310288-onr700ue cord-296487-m4xba78g cord-295513-q5f8d0ig cord-298086-pbfi5c8e cord-302774-ekw2oxw2 cord-303657-o66rchhw cord-308556-xi2un0kc cord-303703-ekhwb5xb cord-314211-tv1nhojk cord-015359-gf32a6f1 cord-309476-hel3h25h cord-311195-oee19duz cord-299584-zpiaka80 cord-313420-ubm8j1xe cord-312267-0tb08b0z cord-314368-p5ecpcll cord-311669-112kxj5s cord-304820-q3de7r1p cord-316959-iua8c4hy cord-312911-nqq87d0m cord-316006-t080mykk cord-320135-kof4tcoe cord-315466-74m7cur3 cord-320953-1st77mvh cord-304317-ad3tct5b cord-321104-0rk1ef53 cord-326929-ytix4l1o cord-321819-lqyo9px1 cord-320666-cmqj8get cord-323074-u3bs5sj0 cord-320636-mvtux07x cord-324518-a346cjx4 cord-327096-m87tapjp cord-325300-wawui0fd cord-332086-hnn00byf cord-337878-hiylqqie cord-338067-vjyad10p cord-330198-pwkxgbxk cord-333928-boq65pci cord-342303-ddulfe06 cord-332314-nukv34fh cord-341187-jqesw4e8 cord-333226-o23da4x2 cord-345623-ba3we97o cord-348999-989vojgu cord-342012-1w3x0g42 cord-343962-12t247bn cord-351930-puhm3w42 cord-352635-yrq58n4k cord-346583-2w39qsld cord-349978-zklwovba cord-349217-vpih1wvs cord-355309-nr8fwc8q cord-351098-x729wpp7 cord-347182-oj3v1x99 cord-010119-t1x9gknd cord-354821-t7400ru5 cord-336934-57kbz29c cord-349821-5ykwwq75 cord-326584-io2f52kn cord-341639-a8ig607t cord-347353-ll2pnl81 Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-001512-u3u2k8hj cord-008686-9ybxuy00 cord-142389-t5swlp04 cord-018792-oqwbmyft cord-002426-5e1xn7kj cord-006818-2lclcf1x cord-002972-ge7qt256 cord-006882-t9w1cdr4 cord-028444-bl9ahsxk cord-018110-mcw4v13c cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 cord-249166-0w0t631x cord-151030-5x3ztp1n cord-206391-1dj285h8 cord-010513-7p07efxo cord-006924-1i3kf01j cord-006328-0tpj38vb cord-221669-uokr4mjq cord-022034-o27mh4wz cord-005105-twsy61oq cord-017012-yl0vanuh cord-005816-i54q5gsu cord-167454-ivhqeu01 cord-103291-nqn1qzcu cord-242887-gtmpd7t0 cord-015352-2d02eq3y cord-016557-f2mzwhrt cord-247554-535cpe5x cord-017016-twwa9djm cord-004675-n8mlxe7p cord-018917-7px75s3c cord-018761-vm86d4mj cord-016826-oatjcmy0 cord-022597-9b1a8cri cord-015369-72cjogxz cord-251070-gxqg494t cord-253542-twn07poq cord-103711-tnw82hbm cord-253851-27nt0op8 cord-253638-5f9ofdsc cord-127109-jdizyzbl cord-128436-xndrlnav cord-007331-wccmeaep cord-144860-a4i9vnjz cord-201798-doi5w7tb cord-152238-z0gysxni cord-119626-qb6fea06 cord-015348-qt0worsl cord-025337-lkv75bgf cord-254340-e1x0z3rh cord-022512-939pika7 cord-006790-lye0qjw8 cord-034961-4lpjo9a5 cord-004211-58x3nnsc cord-126419-u61qc8ey cord-236070-yao5v598 cord-025886-259357pg cord-131678-rvg1ayp2 cord-029410-m19od0wj cord-018116-99z6ykb2 cord-254955-q5gb4qkq cord-015368-a0qz4tb9 cord-102850-0kiypige cord-005881-oswgjaxz cord-262646-64ldtrjf cord-028721-x6f26ahr cord-011245-nkr0998x cord-221717-h1h2vd3r 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cord-295513-q5f8d0ig cord-291024-9g4om4sf cord-320135-kof4tcoe cord-321194-xi4zy5ow cord-315609-naqo1m0r cord-333928-boq65pci cord-319837-5avoulan cord-332314-nukv34fh cord-000718-7whai7nr cord-323769-2a8cbuh2 cord-318012-bg9y2nsp cord-317512-kx0u9955 cord-328921-trwggffp cord-310288-onr700ue cord-326785-le2t1l8g cord-321104-0rk1ef53 cord-297884-a6yrtuwf cord-323705-n2rec4i8 cord-322986-fwm7rfps cord-288770-hquc2v2c cord-294118-tm2kesum cord-315744-nr0fu2qb cord-299584-zpiaka80 cord-327096-m87tapjp cord-320666-cmqj8get cord-320385-myiuhxdb cord-296081-6coxz3l8 cord-318058-s8vvfejn cord-309476-hel3h25h cord-273861-sg7esn4p cord-329739-wm5xho2o cord-324405-6uanhe2p cord-314851-de6kyjup cord-312065-nqy7m38f cord-315466-74m7cur3 cord-317451-gv9q7sf1 cord-338067-vjyad10p cord-300570-xes201g7 cord-320953-1st77mvh cord-323591-8r30lsq8 cord-323074-u3bs5sj0 cord-334521-sa0eyzq7 cord-333226-o23da4x2 cord-338830-h2nrw374 cord-340027-6l55rcfm cord-015359-gf32a6f1 cord-341187-jqesw4e8 cord-337360-3fuuqbyq cord-337219-d81v8b4j cord-338123-4pshh5ov cord-345623-ba3we97o cord-338819-wkb318sq cord-342774-zjpi34up cord-351930-puhm3w42 cord-338466-7uvta990 cord-337789-pabaoiqs cord-347353-ll2pnl81 cord-343897-f4imrltt cord-342303-ddulfe06 cord-336934-57kbz29c cord-348494-yx11ucrb cord-346583-2w39qsld cord-339009-wcoch07b cord-347248-6scdvu1d cord-327005-7zgolyqf cord-348999-989vojgu cord-347317-qcghtkk0 cord-345019-i7zm9bt1 cord-346247-5jwbg6bc cord-347543-muon0kuu cord-342012-1w3x0g42 cord-343042-9mue4eiv cord-353786-284qn075 cord-343962-12t247bn cord-331666-iwkuwnun cord-355267-ndzgxk0k cord-352635-yrq58n4k cord-349197-3trr8d0u cord-343234-ps12f9jq cord-344008-h4kc04w0 cord-351941-fgtatt40 cord-347323-lmgn3626 cord-355309-nr8fwc8q cord-349217-vpih1wvs cord-349238-qfvm883x cord-349978-zklwovba cord-347182-oj3v1x99 cord-349821-5ykwwq75 cord-351098-x729wpp7 cord-354821-t7400ru5 cord-347375-5ucemm87 cord-355480-mx9dbm73 cord-021087-n4epxwn9 cord-010119-t1x9gknd Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-005105-twsy61oq cord-022650-phsr10jp cord-015368-a0qz4tb9 cord-014687-0am4l5ms cord-014794-yppi30a0 cord-325300-wawui0fd number of items: 338 sum of words: 4,199,606 average size in words: 14,683 average readability score: 51 nouns: patients; cases; results; case; study; disease; data; patient; time; treatment; number; cells; age; years; group; diagnosis; cell; methods; blood; analysis; infection; surgery; rate; days; conclusion; risk; children; method; months; symptoms; system; tumor; population; period; findings; model; control; expression; health; studies; day; hospital; cancer; syndrome; use; type; groups; therapy; transmission; lesions verbs: using; showed; including; performed; reported; increased; followed; associated; compared; found; presented; identified; based; evaluate; confirmed; developed; occurs; requiring; considered; underwent; treated; seen; causing; made; observed; provided; reduced; detected; described; determine; assessed; revealed; given; suggested; obtained; related; taken; diagnosing; demonstrates; remains; resulting; need; lead; improved; estimate; received; affected; involving; decreasing; known adjectives: clinical; high; significant; positive; surgical; different; severe; first; normal; non; acute; low; higher; primary; new; common; respiratory; old; negative; specific; small; laparoscopic; early; mean; total; available; large; lower; important; medical; renal; possible; abdominal; human; present; diagnostic; many; rare; similar; single; initial; multiple; postoperative; chronic; infectious; several; pulmonary; covid-19; effective; long adverbs: also; however; well; significantly; respectively; often; even; therefore; usually; especially; still; previously; less; prior; later; frequently; highly; statistically; approximately; first; clinically; currently; now; particularly; commonly; recently; mainly; relatively; initially; retrospectively; almost; furthermore; much; generally; least; potentially; rather; already; successfully; minimally; finally; always; far; yet; together; moreover; subsequently; alone; additionally; rapidly pronouns: we; it; our; their; they; its; i; he; she; them; his; her; us; one; you; itself; your; themselves; him; my; me; ourselves; himself; ours; yourself; s; 's; mg; u; herself; em; oneself; o139; igg4; hmsh2; mutationtaster3; linc00520; hent1; y; theirs; ocid1001; o103; mine; incmynsz; il-12r1; btfe; ; ; ≥25; −5 proper nouns: CT; COVID-19; SARS; MRI; China; •; Hospital; C; US; T; University; mg; MR; Case; Health; A; Fig; CoV-2; January; PCR; Background; B; March; M.; S.; der; Objective; Purpose; II; Table; Wuhan; United; India; A.; Coronavirus; ICU; Study; C.; April; Medical; States; May; RBC; IgE; Introduction; S; Disease; Italy; IV; Report keywords: case; covid-19; patient; sars; study; disease; result; conclusion; hospital; year; method; china; cell; group; university; treatment; india; icu; pcr; report; health; dna; introduction; infection; child; wuhan; tumor; surgery; january; day; respiratory; number; mri; medical; high; cfr; cancer; united; surgical; model; expression; diagnosis; country; clinical; surveillance; outbreak; mers; mean; material; ivig one topic; one dimension: patients file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5321279/ titles(s): Analysis of spatial mobility in subjects from a Dengue endemic urban locality in Morelos State, Mexico three topics; one dimension: patients; cases; patients file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103177/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128243138000036, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7080092/ titles(s): 27th International Congress of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Sevilla, Spain, 12–15 June 2019 | The Third 50 Days: A Detailed Chronological Timeline and Extensive Review of Literature Documenting the COVID-19 Pandemic From Day 100 to Day 150 | SPR 2012 five topics; three dimensions: patients results cases; cases covid case; patients cells cell; patients children patient; blood may study file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103177/, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idm.2020.06.008, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7086569/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574312/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158371/ titles(s): 27th International Congress of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Sevilla, Spain, 12–15 June 2019 | Using statistics and mathematical modelling to understand infectious disease outbreaks: COVID-19 as an example | 2019 CIS Annual Meeting: Immune Deficiency & Dysregulation North American Conference | Clinical Implications of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Ototoxicity for COVID-19 Treatment: A Mini-Review | Hematopoietic Tumors Type: cord title: keyword-case-cord date: 2021-05-24 time: 21:44 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:case ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-255814-k203h9jq author: Abou-Al-Shaar, Hussam title: The Undetermined Destiny of Case Reports in the Era of Sophisticated Medicine date: 2017-05-31 words: 857.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255814-k203h9jq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255814-k203h9jq.txt summary: In 1910, Dr. Harvey Cushing first encountered the disease in a 23-year-old woman, who is historically known as "Minnie G." The patient had an unusual and complex clinical presentation in the form of obesity, hypertrichosis, amenorrhea, overdevelopment of secondary sexual characteristics, low-grade hydrocephalus, and increased cerebral tension. 4 Because of such single case reports, the clinical symptoms of the disease were described and were named after Cushing. 6 The disease was initially described as a single case, and extensive reporting of more cases expanded our understanding of the nature of such an infection, its origin, route of transmission, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and clinical implications. 7 The value of case reports is also evident by their role in delineating hidden unusual disease associations, 8, 9 novel genetic discoveries, 10 new surgical techniques and technical nuances, 11 unique thought-provoking disease pathogenesis, 12 decision-making challenges and conundrums, 13 cutting-edge management innovations, 14 and unusual complications. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878875017302826 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.02.109 id: cord-279330-vy0ohgia author: Adamik, B. title: Estimation of the severeness rate, death rate, household attack rate and the total number of COVID-19 cases based on 16 115 Polish surveillance records date: 2020-11-03 words: 9286.0 sentences: 656.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279330-vy0ohgia.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279330-vy0ohgia.txt summary: title: Estimation of the severeness rate, death rate, household attack rate and the total number of COVID-19 cases based on 16 115 Polish surveillance records Conclusions: The proposed approach derives highly relevant figures on the COVID-19 pandemic from routine surveillance data, under assumption that household members of detected infected are tested and all severe cases are diagnosed. Using this unbiased sample, we derive upper and lower bounds on the age dependent rates of severe progression, death rates and in-household attack rates. Below, we first derive estimators for the bounds on COVID-19 severeness and attack rates, as well as the total number of infected, without taking account for such factors as age or sex. To estimate upper and lower bounds for the COVID-19 severeness rate in Poland, we focused on the secondary case data ( Table 2 ). abstract: Background: Estimating the actual number of COVID-19 infections is crucial for steering through the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. It is, however, notoriously difficult, as many cases have no or only mild symptoms. Surveillance data for in-household secondary infections offers unbiased samples for COVID-19 prevalence estimation. Methods: We analyse 16115 Polish surveillance records to obtain key figures of the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose conservative upper and lower bound estimators for the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Further, we estimate age-dependent bounds on the severe case rate, death rate, and the in-household attack rate. Results: By maximum likelihood estimates, the total number of COVID-19 cases in Poland as of July 22nd, 2020, is at most around 13 times larger and at least 1.6 times larger than the recorded number. The lower bound on the severeness rate ranges between 0.2% for the 0-39 year-old to 5.7% for older than 80, while the upper bound is between 2.6% and 34.1%. The lower bound on the death rate is between 0.04% for the age group 40-59 to 1.34% for the oldest. Overall, the severeness and death rates grow exponentially with age. The in-household attack ratio is 8.18% for the youngest group and 16.88% for the oldest. Conclusions: The proposed approach derives highly relevant figures on the COVID-19 pandemic from routine surveillance data, under assumption that household members of detected infected are tested and all severe cases are diagnosed. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.29.20222513v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222513 id: cord-016557-f2mzwhrt author: Aggrawal, Anil title: Agrochemical Poisoning date: 2006 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: A general increase in the use of chemicals in agriculture has brought about a concomitant increase in the incidence of agrochemical poisoning. Organophosphates are the most common agrochemical poisons followed closely by herbicides. Many agricultural poisons, such as parathion and paraquat are now mixed with a coloring agent such as indigocarmine to prevent their use criminally. In addition, paraquat is fortified with a “stenching” agent. Organo-chlorines have an entirely different mechanism of action. Whereas organophosphates have an anticholinesterase activity, organochlorines act on nerve cells interfering with the transmission of impulses through them. A kerosene-like smell also emanates from death due to organochlorines. The diagnosis lies in the chemical identification of organochlorines in the stomach contents or viscera. Organochlorines also resist putrefaction and can be detected long after death. Paraquat has been involved in suicidal, accidental, and homicidal poisonings. It is mildly corrosive and ulceration around lips and mouth is common in this poisoning. However, the hallmark of paraquat poisoning, especially when the victim has survived a few days, are the profound changes in lungs. Other agrochemicals such as algicides, aphicides, herbicide safeneres, fertilizers, and so on, are less commonly encountered. Governments in most countries have passed legislations to prevent accidental poisonings with these agents. The US government passed the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) in 1962 and the Indian government passed The Insecticides Act in 1968. Among other things, these acts require manufacturers to use signal words on the labels of insecticides, so the public is warned of their toxicity and accompanying danger. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120889/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-59259-921-9_10 id: cord-200185-oz2x9a9s author: Agrawal, Shubhada title: City-Scale Agent-Based Simulators for the Study of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in the Context of the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-08-11 words: 8540.0 sentences: 558.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-200185-oz2x9a9s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-200185-oz2x9a9s.txt summary: While medicines/vaccines for treating the disease remained under development at the time of writing this paper, many countries implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions such as testing, tracing, tracking and isolation, and broader approaches such as quarantining of suspected cases, containment zones, social distancing, lockdown, etc. Third, agent-based models are well suited to study the impact of various non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as "lockdown for a certain number of days", "offices operating using the 1 See [5] for a state-level epidemiological model for India and [6] for a combination of the two approaches. We study the impact of two containment strategies for Bengaluru: soft ward containment (i.e., linearly-varying mobility control that turns an open ward into a locked ward when the number of hospitalised cases become 0.1% of the wards population; in the latter locked scenario, only 25% mobility is allowed for essential services, see Figure 4 ) and neighbourhood containment (i.e., when an individual is hospitalised, everyone living in a 100m surrounding area undergoes home quarantine). abstract: We highlight the usefulness of city-scale agent-based simulators in studying various non-pharmaceutical interventions to manage an evolving pandemic. We ground our studies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and demonstrate the power of the simulator via several exploratory case studies in two metropolises, Bengaluru and Mumbai. Such tools become common-place in any city administration's tool kit in our march towards digital health. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.04849v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-266982-069pelqj author: Agua-Agum, Junerlyn title: Exposure Patterns Driving Ebola Transmission in West Africa: A Retrospective Observational Study date: 2016-11-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The ongoing West African Ebola epidemic began in December 2013 in Guinea, probably from a single zoonotic introduction. As a result of ineffective initial control efforts, an Ebola outbreak of unprecedented scale emerged. As of 4 May 2015, it had resulted in more than 19,000 probable and confirmed Ebola cases, mainly in Guinea (3,529), Liberia (5,343), and Sierra Leone (10,746). Here, we present analyses of data collected during the outbreak identifying drivers of transmission and highlighting areas where control could be improved. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Over 19,000 confirmed and probable Ebola cases were reported in West Africa by 4 May 2015. Individuals with confirmed or probable Ebola (“cases”) were asked if they had exposure to other potential Ebola cases (“potential source contacts”) in a funeral or non-funeral context prior to becoming ill. We performed retrospective analyses of a case line-list, collated from national databases of case investigation forms that have been reported to WHO. These analyses were initially performed to assist WHO’s response during the epidemic, and have been updated for publication. We analysed data from 3,529 cases in Guinea, 5,343 in Liberia, and 10,746 in Sierra Leone; exposures were reported by 33% of cases. The proportion of cases reporting a funeral exposure decreased over time. We found a positive correlation (r = 0.35, p < 0.001) between this proportion in a given district for a given month and the within-district transmission intensity, quantified by the estimated reproduction number (R). We also found a negative correlation (r = −0.37, p < 0.001) between R and the district proportion of hospitalised cases admitted within ≤4 days of symptom onset. These two proportions were not correlated, suggesting that reduced funeral attendance and faster hospitalisation independently influenced local transmission intensity. We were able to identify 14% of potential source contacts as cases in the case line-list. Linking cases to the contacts who potentially infected them provided information on the transmission network. This revealed a high degree of heterogeneity in inferred transmissions, with only 20% of cases accounting for at least 73% of new infections, a phenomenon often called super-spreading. Multivariable regression models allowed us to identify predictors of being named as a potential source contact. These were similar for funeral and non-funeral contacts: severe symptoms, death, non-hospitalisation, older age, and travelling prior to symptom onset. Non-funeral exposures were strongly peaked around the death of the contact. There was evidence that hospitalisation reduced but did not eliminate onward exposures. We found that Ebola treatment units were better than other health care facilities at preventing exposure from hospitalised and deceased individuals. The principal limitation of our analysis is limited data quality, with cases not being entered into the database, cases not reporting exposures, or data being entered incorrectly (especially dates, and possible misclassifications). CONCLUSIONS: Achieving elimination of Ebola is challenging, partly because of super-spreading. Safe funeral practices and fast hospitalisation contributed to the containment of this Ebola epidemic. Continued real-time data capture, reporting, and analysis are vital to track transmission patterns, inform resource deployment, and thus hasten and maintain elimination of the virus from the human population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27846234/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002170 id: cord-006172-ndmf5ekp author: Akins, Paul Taylor title: H1N1 Encephalitis with Malignant Edema and Review of Neurologic Complications from Influenza date: 2010-09-02 words: 4998.0 sentences: 302.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006172-ndmf5ekp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006172-ndmf5ekp.txt summary: We present a case report of 2009 H1N1-associated encephalopathy and review neurologic complications associated with seasonal influenza and 2009 H1N1 virus infection. We present a case of a patient with acute encephalitis associated with febrile upper respiratory tract illness due to 2009 H1N1 complicated by seizures and malignant cerebral edema. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to influenza virus infection of the upper respiratory tract is hypothesized to play a prominent role in the more severe stages leading to cytokine dysregulation (''''cytokine storm'''') in Influenzaassociated encephalopathy or encephalitis (IAE) patients [6] . We present a case of acute encephalitis associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, complicated by malignant brain edema. We have also provided an overview of the spectrum of acute and post-infectious neurologic complications reported in association with seasonal and pandemic influenza virus infection of the upper respiratory tract. abstract: BACKGROUND: Influenza virus infection of the respiratory tract is associated with a range of neurologic complications. The emergence of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus has been linked to neurological complications, including encephalopathy and encephalitis. METHODS: Case report and literature review. RESULTS: We reviewed case management of a 20-year old Hispanic male who developed febrile upper respiratory tract signs and symptoms followed by a confusional state. He had rapid neurologic decline and his clinical course was complicated by refractory seizures and malignant brain edema. He was managed with oseltamavir and peramavir, corticosteroids, intravenous gamma globulin treatment, anticonvulsants, intracranial pressure management with external ventricular drain placement, hyperosmolar therapy, sedation, and mechanical ventilation. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of nasal secretions confirmed 2009 H1N1 virus infection; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was negative for 2009 H1N1 viral RNA. Follow-up imaging demonstrated improvement in brain edema but restricted diffusion in the basal ganglia. We provide a review of the clinical spectrum of neurologic complications of seasonal influenza and 2009 H1N1, and current approaches towards managing these complications. CONCLUSIONS: 2009 H1N1-associated acute encephalitis and encephalopathy appear to be variable in severity, including a subset of patients with a malignant clinical course complicated by high morbidity and mortality. Since the H1N1 influenza virus has not been detected in the CSF or brain tissue in patients with this diagnosis, the emerging view is that the host immune response plays a key role in pathogenesis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100075/ doi: 10.1007/s12028-010-9436-0 id: cord-283215-dgysimh5 author: Al-Jabir, Ahmed title: Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation) date: 2020-05-12 words: 9055.0 sentences: 492.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283215-dgysimh5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283215-dgysimh5.txt summary: Prioritisation of surgical services during this pandemic must be a careful balance of patient needs and resource availability and the European Association of Urology Guidelines Office offer the following suggestions for factors that must be taken into account [3] Whilst there have been no publication of guidelines by any professional association for the management of stone surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been some guidance published by Proietti et al [48] suggesting telephone triage of patients followed by prioritisation based on stone size and location, the presence of any obstructive uropathy, patient symptoms, presence of any stents or nephrostomy tubes and any other complicating factors such as renal failure or a solitary kidney. With guidelines specific to each specialty being implemented and followed, surgeons should be able to continue to provide safe and effective care to their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic represents a once in a century challenge to human healthcare with 2.4 million cases and 165,000 deaths thus far. Surgical practice has been significantly impacted with all specialties writing guidelines for how to manage during this crisis. All specialties have had to triage the urgency of their daily surgical procedures and consider non-surgical management options where possible. The Pandemic has had ramifications for ways of working, surgical techniques, open vs minimally invasive, theatre workflow, patient and staff safety, training and education. With guidelines specific to each specialty being implemented and followed, surgeons should be able to continue to provide safe and effective care to their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this comprehensive and up to date review we assess changes to working practices through the lens of each surgical specialty. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.002 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.002 id: cord-345019-i7zm9bt1 author: Al-Waleedi, Ali Ahmed title: The first 2 months of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Yemen: Analysis of the surveillance data date: 2020-10-29 words: 4496.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345019-i7zm9bt1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345019-i7zm9bt1.txt summary: A total of 268 individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were hospitalized (57%), among whom there were 95 in-hospital deaths, CONCLUSIONS: The surveillance strategy implemented in the first 2 months of the SARS CoV 2 in the southern and eastern governorates of Yemen, captured mainly severe cases. For early detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Yemen, as in other countries, a case definition, active surveillance, and contact tracing were required [10, 11] . The first 2 months after confirmation of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Yemen was characterized by a 57% hospitalization rate in the southern and eastern parts of the country included in The First 2 Months of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Yemen our study, 63% of deaths occurring in individuals aged <60 years, confirmatory testing of <50% of the suspected cases, and majority of cases were not related to a defined chain of transmission. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Yemen was one of the last countries in the world to declare the first case of the pandemic, on 10 April 2020. Fear and concerns of catastrophic outcomes of the epidemic in Yemen were immediately raised, as the country is facing a complex humanitarian crisis. The purpose of this report is to describe the epidemiological situation in Yemen during the first 2 months of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. METHODS: We analyzed the epidemiological data from 18 February to 05 June 2020, including the 2 months before the confirmation of the first case. We included in our analysis the data from 10 out of 23 governorates of Yemen, located in southern and eastern part of the country. RESULTS: A total of 469 laboratory confirmed, 552 probable and 55 suspected cases with onset of symptoms between 18 February and 5 June 2020 were reported through the surveillance system. The median age among confirmed cases was 46 years (range: 1–90 years), and 75% of the confirmed cases were male. A total of 111 deaths were reported among those with confirmed infection. The mean age among those who died was 53 years (range: 14–88 years), with 63% of deaths (n = 70) occurring in individuals under the age 60 years. A total of 268 individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were hospitalized (57%), among whom there were 95 in-hospital deaths, CONCLUSIONS: The surveillance strategy implemented in the first 2 months of the SARS CoV 2 in the southern and eastern governorates of Yemen, captured mainly severe cases. The mild and moderate cases were not self-reported to the health facilities and surveillance system due to limited resources, stigma, and other barriers. The mortality appeared to be higher in individuals aged under 60 years, and most fatalities occurred in individuals who were in critical condition when they reached the health facilities. It is unclear whether the presence of other acute comorbidities contributed to the high death rate among SARS-CoV-2 cases. The findings only include the southern and eastern part of the country, which is home to 31% of the total population of Yemen, as the data from the northern part of the country was inaccessible for analysis. This makes our results not generalizable to the rest of the country. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33119720/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241260 id: cord-348494-yx11ucrb author: Ali, Kamran title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and management of aerosol-generating procedures in dentistry date: 2020-06-26 words: 1651.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348494-yx11ucrb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348494-yx11ucrb.txt summary: Conclusions This retrospective study provides preliminary data on aerosol and droplet contamination during endonasal and transoral surgery performed under a negative pressure isolation drape system. This retrospective study provides preliminary data on aerosol and droplet contamination during endonasal and transoral surgery performed under a negative pressure isolation drape system. Notwithstanding the limitations of the design, negative-pressure aspiration of air under a chamber barrier is likely to minimise the contamination from aerosol and droplet during endonasal and transoral surgery. Notwithstanding the limitations of the design, negative-pressure aspiration of air under a chamber barrier is likely to minimise the contamination from aerosol and droplet during endonasal and transoral surgery. • Finally, dental professionals should not remain at the receiving end of cross infection control guidelines and should explore appropriate platforms to actively participate in research aimed at informing evidence-based protocols to limit the spread of COVID-19 in dental environments. abstract: Data sources Experimental investigation. Study design A retrospective review to evaluate the use of a negative-pressure otolaryngology viral isolation drape (NOVID) system to reduce cross-infection through aerosol. The apparatus consists of a plastic drape suspended over the surgical field in the head and neck region with a smoke evacuator suction placed inside the chamber with an ultra-low penetrating air (ULPA) efficiency rating and a fluid suction high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter compartment. Spread of patient secretions and droplet formation was evaluated using 1% fluorescein dye in 10 ml of normal saline and ultraviolet light. The dye was applied topically in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx preoperatively and intraoperatively prior to the use of instruments such as micro-debrider, electrocautery and high-speed drilling. Following completion of the surgical procedure, an ultraviolet Wood's lamp was used to evaluate the presence of droplets on the surgical drapes and surgical gowns of the operating team. Results The study sample consisted of four patients who underwent endonasal endoscopic surgical procedures; two of these patients required concurrent endoscopic sinus surgery. A micro-debrider was used in three cases; electrocautery in three cases, while a high-speed drilling was employed in two cases. Presence of fluorescein was identified around the patients' nares; on the chest wipe and instrument tray in all four patients. Dye contamination was noted on the gauze placed over the smoke evacuator (two cases of skull base surgery); no fluid droplets were identified beyond the nares or the smoke evacuator (two cases of sinus surgery). However, fluid contamination was identified underneath barrier several centimetres away from the nares (one case of trans-sphenoidal surgery). Droplets were also identified on the surgeon's gown in the abdominal region in all cases and on the arm region in one case. In one case, droplets were also identified on the abdominal region of the nurse, but this was attributed to cross contamination from surgical gauze and instruments. Conclusions This retrospective study provides preliminary data on aerosol and droplet contamination during endonasal and transoral surgery performed under a negative pressure isolation drape system. Although the authors did not screen patients for SARS-CoV-2, they propose smoke evacuator ULPA filter attachment is appropriate to capture particles down to 0.1 microns including SARS-CoV-2 which is 0.125 microns. It would be helpful to see direct evidence to support this claim in future studies. The authors have not provided details regarding set-up time and training requirements for effective application of the isolation drape apparatus or the associated costs etc. It would have also been helpful if the authors could comment on any potential difficulties in undertaking the surgical procedure with the isolation system in place. The sample size is limited to four patients and variations in the magnitude and extent of aerosol contamination needs to be investigated further before drawing any conclusions. Although unlikely, this study design did not capture the presence of aerosol/droplets in the air within the operating room which may follow removal of the isolation drape system or from exposed surgical instruments. Notwithstanding the limitations of the design, negative-pressure aspiration of air under a chamber barrier is likely to minimise the contamination from aerosol and droplet during endonasal and transoral surgery. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41432-020-0088-4 doi: 10.1038/s41432-020-0088-4 id: cord-321194-xi4zy5ow author: Allam, Zaheer title: The Third 50 Days: A Detailed Chronological Timeline and Extensive Review of Literature Documenting the COVID-19 Pandemic From Day 100 to Day 150 date: 2020-07-24 words: 17924.0 sentences: 938.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.txt summary: The build-up to this global pandemic announcement saw a national wide lockdown declared in Italy on 9th following an uncontrollable and astronomic increase in the number of new cases and deaths in the country (BBC, 2020c) . As the situation escalated, with over 1000 confirmed cases in the country, and over 31 deaths from the virus, the National Basketball Association (NBA), one of the most popular and fancied sporting activity in North America abruptly suspended its season, as of March 11, when a player of the Utah Jazz tested positive for coronavirus, just before their game with Oklahoma City began (Cacciola and Deb, 2020) . While a majority of countries, especially in Europe writhed in desperation from the impacts of COVID-19, China reported a third consecutive day with no local new case of coronavirus (The straits Times, 2020c). abstract: This chapter surveys the global unfolding of events during the third 50 days of the COVID-19 pandemic that originated from China. The third 50 days of the unfolding of the events showcased how city-wide lockdowns were started to be considered globally, the moving of the epicenter from China to Europe, and major industries being impacted worldwide. To document this, an extensive review of the literature provides a daily overview of the situation covering health, economic, political, and social perspectives and outlines key events during the unfolding of the pandemic. This chapter surveys, and establishes a chronological timeline of the outbreak from day 50 to day 100, covering issues appertaining to health policy and dwells into socioeconomic measures and impacts during the unfolding of the pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128243138000036 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824313-8.00003-6 id: cord-253638-5f9ofdsc author: Alsaied, Tarek title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) Pandemic Implications in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease date: 2020-06-10 words: 5683.0 sentences: 339.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.txt summary: Given the increased risk for severe COVID‐19 observed in adults with underlying cardiac involvement, there is concern that patients with pediatric and congenital heart disease (CHD) may likewise be at increased risk for severe infection. In this review, we describe the effects of COVID‐19 in the pediatric and young adult population and review the cardiovascular involvement in COVID‐19 focusing on implications for patients with congenital heart disease in particular. 4-Cardiac care team members are at risk for acquiring COVID-19 and may play a role in spreading the disease between patients and in the society at large. It is important to know that 3.8% of the cases reported from China were of healthcare team members suggesting that health care providers are at a significantly increased risk of contracting COVID-19 11, 83 . abstract: The corona virus disease ‐2019 (COVID‐19) is a recently described infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 with significant cardiovascular implications. Given the increased risk for severe COVID‐19 observed in adults with underlying cardiac involvement, there is concern that patients with pediatric and congenital heart disease (CHD) may likewise be at increased risk for severe infection. The cardiac manifestations of COVID‐19 include myocarditis, arrhythmia and myocardial infarction. Importantly, the pandemic has stretched health care systems and many care team members are at risk for contracting and possibly transmitting the disease which may further impact the care of patients with cardiovascular disease. In this review, we describe the effects of COVID‐19 in the pediatric and young adult population and review the cardiovascular involvement in COVID‐19 focusing on implications for patients with congenital heart disease in particular. url: https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.120.017224 doi: 10.1161/jaha.120.017224 id: cord-018792-oqwbmyft author: Ammon, Andrea title: Early disease management strategies in case of a smallpox outbreak date: 2007 words: 5045.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018792-oqwbmyft.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018792-oqwbmyft.txt summary: Usually, the strategy for the management of clinical cases of poxviruses includes the early detection of cases, rapid laboratory diagnosis, an assessment of the risk of further spread and containment measures. The strategy for the management of clinical cases of poxviruses (occurring sporadically or in outbreaks) usually includes the early detection of cases, rapid laboratory diagnosis, an assessment of the risk of further spread and containment measures. In addition to the national and international notifications based on given case definitions, certain measures are necessary to allow an initial risk assessment of the epidemic development. In addition to the national and international notifications based on given case definitions, certain measures are necessary to allow an initial risk assessment of the epidemic development. Various models have been developed to assist in identifying the best use of the available vaccines (e.g., [5] [6] [7] [8] ), as well as other control measures like case isolation and contact tracing or combinations thereof [9, 10] . abstract: As a consequence of the threat of smallpox being potentially used as a means of bioterrorism, many countries have developed preparedness plans for smallpox in the past few years. This chapter summarizes some of the most important issues for the management of smallpox. Usually, the strategy for the management of clinical cases of poxviruses includes the early detection of cases, rapid laboratory diagnosis, an assessment of the risk of further spread and containment measures. For the early detection, different systems are being tested to identify suspected cases before a diagnosis is confirmed (e.g., syndromic surveillance). Also it is necessary to provide special training on the disease pattern, including differential diagnosis, to clinicians and practitioners. If a suspected case has been identified, rapid diagnostic tests are required. In addition to the national and international notifications based on given case definitions, certain measures are necessary to allow an initial risk assessment of the epidemic development. For a rapid risk assessment, the investigations should follow the algorithms of epidemiological outbreak investigation such as the tracing and identification of exposed contacts and the sources of infection. Further decisions have to be taken on the basis of a continuous risk assessment. Countermeasures can be divided into medical and non-medical ones. The choice of an adequate vaccination strategy as a medical countermeasure for the case of a re-emergence of smallpox very much depends on the epidemic scenario, and the general availability and quality of a vaccine. Logistic aspects of the vaccination strategies have to be considered in preparedness planning (e.g., resources necessary for the implementation of mass vaccinations), and also the prioritization of groups to be vaccinated. In addition non-medical measures to prevent the spread of infection, such as the isolation of cases and quarantining of exposed persons (e.g., contact persons of confirmed cases) have to be foreseen. The effectiveness of other measures like prohibition of mass gatherings or closure of institutions is often assessed in the light of historical events. However, they have to be considered within today’s ethical and societal context, taking into account, in particular, the increased number of people who are immunocompromised. Since our knowledge of how the virus would behave today is limited to extrapolations from historical data and is therefore imperfect, these measures are still under discussion. All relevant groups should be involved in exercises to assure the effective operation of the plan mainly regarding communication and cooperation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123762/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-7557-7_20 id: cord-016826-oatjcmy0 author: Arata, Andrew A. title: Old and New Pestilences date: 2005 words: 7127.0 sentences: 338.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016826-oatjcmy0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016826-oatjcmy0.txt summary: At the time of this writing, two such pathogens are active, warranting such concern: a) cases of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, caused by a coronavirus) appeared in China in November, 2002, and has spread to Western and Central Europe and North America; b) a strain of Avian Influenza Virus (N5H1), first identified in Hong Kong in 1997, reemerged in 2002 in Southeast Asia. Dengue, and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), have spread globally, infecting vast new areas, especially urban areas where the human living conditions are substandard, but readily suited for vector breeding. A good example is the recent outbreak of West Nile encephilitis in the U.S. In 1999 and 2000, the virus was isolated from/around New York City from large numbers of dead birds (especially crows and jays): 21 human cases and two deaths were confirmed. abstract: a. “Any fatal epidemic disease, affecting man or beast, and destroying many victims.” The Oxford Universal Dictionary, 3(rd) edition, 1955, Oxford Press, 2515 pp. b. “A contagious or infectious epidemic disease that is virulent and devastating.” Webster’s Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, 1965. G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, Mass., 1221 pp. Accordingly, a pestilence should be an infectious disease, devastating (killing) a large number of people (or animals). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121237/ doi: 10.1007/0-387-24103-5_3 id: cord-018110-mcw4v13c author: Arnold, Andreas title: Inner Ear date: 2010 words: 15854.0 sentences: 980.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018110-mcw4v13c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018110-mcw4v13c.txt summary: In the case of partial or no remission, prednisolone treatment should be continued orally for 16 days together with gastric proton pump inhibitors and additional haemodilutive/haemorheological infusion therapy together with α-lipoic acid should be administered as described for high-frequency idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss. Acute tinnitus due to noise-induced damage or acoustic trauma of the inner ear, idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (sudden deafness), acute attack of Ménière''s disease, toxic labyrinthitis, rupture of the round window, perilymphatic fistula of the round or oval window, labyrinthine contusion or fractures of the temporal bone due to head trauma should be treated with a daily dose of 250-500 mg prednisolone intravenously on three consecutive days. abstract: Herpes zoster oticus, herpes zoster cephalicus, Ramsay Hunt syndrome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122903/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-68940-9_6 id: cord-152238-z0gysxni author: Aronna, M. Soledad title: A model for COVID-19 with isolation, quarantine and testing as control measures date: 2020-05-15 words: 8883.0 sentences: 519.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-152238-z0gysxni.txt txt: ./txt/cord-152238-z0gysxni.txt summary: We take into account the presence of asymptomatic infections and the main policies that have been adopted so far to contain the epidemic: isolation (or social distancing) of a portion of the population, quarantine for confirmed cases and testing. In the proposed model, the proportion of people in isolation, the level of contact reduction and the testing rate are control parameters that can vary in time, representing policies that evolve in different stages. These constants may be used as control parameters, via the tuned lockdown as decided by the public policies (reflecting on p and partially on r), the awareness of the population in respecting the social distancing among individuals and in the widespread use of personal protection equipment (expressed by β and partially by r), the availability of testing kits, that results in a higher or lower value of ρ. In our model, since the groups of active individuals and in r-isolation evolve differently (see Scenario A 4 and Figure 4 below), the time-dependent reproduction number R(t) is given by the formula (4) where ϕ in (5) is abstract: In this article we propose a compartmental model for the dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We take into account the presence of asymptomatic infections and the main policies that have been adopted so far to contain the epidemic: isolation (or social distancing) of a portion of the population, quarantine for confirmed cases and testing. We model isolation by separating the population in two groups: one composed by key-workers that keep working during the pandemic and have a usual contact rate, and a second group consisting of people that are enforced/recommended to stay at home. We refer to quarantine as strict isolation, and it is applied to confirmed infected cases. In the proposed model, the proportion of people in isolation, the level of contact reduction and the testing rate are control parameters that can vary in time, representing policies that evolve in different stages. We obtain an explicit expression for the basic reproduction number $mathcal{R}_0$ in terms of the parameters of the disease and of the control policies. In this way we can quantify the effect that isolation and testing have in the evolution of the epidemic. We present a series of simulations to illustrate different realistic scenarios. From the expression of $mathcal{R}_0$ and the simulations we conclude that isolation (social distancing) and testing among asymptomatic cases are fundamental actions to control the epidemic, {and the stricter these measures are and the sooner they are implemented,} the more lives can be saved. Additionally, we show that people that remain in isolation significantly reduce their probability of contagion, so risk groups should be recommended to maintain a low contact rate during the course of the epidemic. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.07661v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-346247-5jwbg6bc author: Awasthi, Amit title: Statistical interpretation of environmental influencing parameters on COVID-19 during the lockdown in Delhi, India date: 2020-09-25 words: 3962.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.txt summary: In this study, the COVID-19 connection with various weather parameters like temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity is investigated and the future scenario of COVID-19 is predicted based on the Gaussian model (GM). Based on statistical analysis, this has been observed that the temperature parameter shows a significant positive trend during the period of study. To predict the future scenario of COVID-19, this is not appropriate to use an exponential equation, because an exponential growth represents a continuous increase, whereas in the pandemic scenario, the number of cases will indeed increase rapidly up to certain days or months, afterward the value will start to decrease after forming a peak. ;R 2 = 0.997 Fig. 5 Daily variation in confirmed COVID-19 cases the fitted GM, it is predicted that the maximum number of cases is observed during the time range of 166.15 ± 36 days. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease is known as COVID-19, which is declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization during March 2020. In this study, the COVID-19 connection with various weather parameters like temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity is investigated and the future scenario of COVID-19 is predicted based on the Gaussian model (GM). This study is conducted in Delhi, the capital city of India, during the lowest mobility rate due to strict lockdown nationwide for about two months from March 15 to May 17, 2020. Spearman correlation is applied to obtain the interconnection of COVID-19 cases with weather parameters. Based on statistical analysis, this has been observed that the temperature parameter shows a significant positive trend during the period of study. The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 is fitted with respect to the number of days by using the Gaussian curve and it is estimated on the basis of the model that maximum cases will go up to 123,886 in number. The maximum number of cases will be observed during the range of 166 ± 36 days. It is also estimated by using the width of the fitted GM that it will take minimum of 10 months for the complete recovery from COVID-19. Additionally, the linear regression technique is used to find the trend of COVID-19 cases with temperature and it is estimated that with an increase in temperature by 1 °C, 30 new COVID-19 cases on daily basis will be expected to observe. This study is believed to be a preliminary study and to better understand the concrete relationship of coronavirus, at least one complete cycle is essential to investigate. The laboratory-based study is essential to be done to support the present field-based study. Henceforth, based on preliminary studies, significant inputs are put forth to the research community and government to formulate thoughtful strategies like medical facilities such as ventilators, beds, testing centers, quarantine centers, etc., to curb the effects of COVID-19. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10668-020-01000-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01000-9 doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-01000-9 id: cord-345623-ba3we97o author: BOELLE, Pierre-Yves title: Excess cases of Influenza like illnesses in France synchronous with COVID19 invasion. date: 2020-03-17 words: 1412.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345623-ba3we97o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345623-ba3we97o.txt summary: title: Excess cases of Influenza like illnesses in France synchronous with COVID19 invasion. Several French regions where COVID19 has been reported currently show a renewed increase in ILI cases in the general practice based Sentinelles network. We computed the expected number of ILI consultations using the superposition of a seasonal (4) and an influenza epidemic component (5) , as detailed in the appendix. Assuming a positivity rate for SARS-CoV-2 of 2/7 in these regions, we estimated that 760 (CI95% [219, 1706]) ARI consultations in the > 65 y.o. could have been caused by COVID19 during week 10 (2/7 of 2600 ARI visits). is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Several processes may be at play in this observation, including at least characteristics of the influenza season, change in population behaviour or increase in COVID19 incidence. abstract: Several French regions where COVID19 has been reported currently show a renewed increase in ILI cases in the general practice based Sentinelles network. Here we computed the number of excess cases by region and found correlation with the number of reported COVID19 cases so far. These data suggest larger circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in the French population than apparent from confirmed cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.14.20035741 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.14.20035741 id: cord-355480-mx9dbm73 author: Bajunirwe, Francis title: Long distance truck drivers and the increasing risk of COVID-19 spread in Uganda date: 2020-06-29 words: 1703.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355480-mx9dbm73.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355480-mx9dbm73.txt summary: title: Long distance truck drivers and the increasing risk of COVID-19 spread in Uganda Data include number of persons tested and the categories classified as international arrivals, community members and long distance truck drivers. Of those that tested positive, majority or 317 (71.8%) were truck drivers, 75 (16.9%) were community cases and 50 (11.3%) were international arrivals. We classify the cases into three categories namely: international traveller, local/ community cases, and long-distance truck drivers. Of those that tested positive, majority or 317 (71.8%) are truck drivers, 75 (16.9%) were community cases and 50 (11.3%) were international arrivals as shown in Table 1 below. Long distance truck drivers have established themselves as the highest risk group for COVID-19 currently in Uganda. The epidemic is now literally being driven by the truck drivers who have emerged as a core group for COVID in Uganda. abstract: Abstract Objectives To examine the patterns of COVID-19 transmission in Uganda. Methods We reviewed press releases from the Uganda Ministry of Health from when the first case was announced on March 22 up to May 29, 2020 a 10-week period. We obtained the press releases from the MoH website and the Twitter handle (@MinofHealthUG). Data include number of persons tested and the categories classified as international arrivals, community members and long distance truck drivers. Results The first cases were international arrivals from Asia and Europe and thereafter community cases emerged. However, in the middle of April 2020, COVID-19 cases were detected among long distance truck drivers. By May 29, 2020, a total of 89, 224 persons had been tested and overall 442 tested positive. Of those that tested positive, majority or 317 (71.8%) were truck drivers, 75 (16.9%) were community cases and 50 (11.3%) were international arrivals. Majority of community cases have been linked to contact with truck drivers. Conclusions The truck drivers are the most frequently diagnosed category, and have become a core group for COVID-19 in Uganda. They have generated significant local transmission which now threatens a full blown epidemic in the country unless strict controls are put in place. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.085 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.085 id: cord-253256-909chgl0 author: Bajwa, Sukhminder Jit Singh title: Peri-operative and critical care concerns in coronavirus pandemic date: 2020-03-28 words: 4543.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253256-909chgl0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253256-909chgl0.txt summary: In this article, all outbreak response measures including triaging, preparation of isolation rooms, decontamination and disinfection protocols as well as fundamental principles of critical care and anaesthetic management in Covid-19 cases is being discussed. The need of the hour therefore is to update ourselves with clinicopathological spectrum of the deadly disease and provide evidence based medical services to all hospitalized cases with suspected Covid-19 infection. All the recommendations below have been influenced by the past experiences of corona virus outbreaks and desire improved measures for personal protection of health care workers and consequent prevention of nosocomial transmission of infection. Planning for anaesthesiaand surgery in covid-suspect cases Anaesthesiologists and intensivists are the soldiers at the final frontier of corona disaster as all patients landing up in the hospital with severe respiratory distress will be primarily seen under their domain. Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient abstract: World Health Organization (WHO) declared novel coronavirus outbreak a “pandemic” on March 11(th), 2020. India has already reached Stage 2 (local transmission) and the Indian Government, in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), is taking all necessary steps to halt the community transmission(Stage 3). Anaesthesiologists and intensivists around the globe are making untiring efforts akin to soldiers at the final frontier during war. All efforts pertaining to adequate staffing, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and strict adherence to hand hygiene measures are being stressed upon to prevent in-hospital transmission. In this article, all outbreak response measures including triaging, preparation of isolation rooms, decontamination and disinfection protocols as well as fundamental principles of critical care and anaesthetic management in Covid-19 cases is being discussed. All the recommendations have been derived from the past experiences of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) outbreak as well as upcoming guidelines from the international health fraternity and Indian Health Services. url: https://doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_272_20 doi: 10.4103/ija.ija_272_20 id: cord-311439-y9jwu38r author: Bao, Changjun title: Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans: indirect evidence from an outbreak in China date: 2007-09-30 words: 4299.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311439-y9jwu38r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311439-y9jwu38r.txt summary: We describe an outbreak of acute respiratory infection due to adenovirus type 3 that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China, during the period from April 18 th to July 4 th 2004. Pharyngeal swab specimens from children and adolescent patients who were diagnosed with acute upper respiratory tract infections at Township A health care hospital during the outbreak from April through July 2005 were cultured for adenovirus. An infection caused by adenovirus type 3 was verified by entire gene sequence testing to 10 Nested PCR amplification products of positive specimens (from nine patients) in the laboratory of the National CDC of China. Eighteen paired patient serums(acute and convalescent) were used to test neutralization titer with the isolate adenovirus type 3 viral strain simultaneously. This investigation demonstrated that acute respiratory infection caused by adenovirus type 3 caused the outbreak that occurred in over seventy schools in ten townships in 2004. abstract: Abstract Objective To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiologic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIF, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4, 2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1007437607600719 doi: 10.1016/s1007-4376(07)60071-9 id: cord-221669-uokr4mjq author: Barnes, T. title: The SHIR Model: Realistic Fits to COVID-19 Case Numbers date: 2020-07-28 words: 7643.0 sentences: 403.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-221669-uokr4mjq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-221669-uokr4mjq.txt summary: As an example we show that the average time dependence of new COVID-19 cases per day from 15 Central and Western European countries is in good agreement with the analytic, parameter-free prediction of the model We will follow this with more detailed SHIR-model calculations of the cumulative case numbers N 0 f I (t) and especially the new cases per day (cpd), N 0 df I (t)/dt, and will describe detailed fits of these functions to COVID-19 data from a range of countries. In this section we will show results from fitting the predicted early pandemic time dependence from the SHIR model as derived in Sec.IIIA to data for the confirmed COVID-19 case numbers from many different countries. The total case numbers P max differ from their mean by ±2%, the fitted social response times τ Next we will follow the same procedure described in the first Austrian fit above, and will fit the SHIR model to the cpd data for each of a representative set of Central and Western European countries. abstract: We consider a global (location independent) model of pandemic growth which generalizes the SIR model to accommodate important features of the COVID-19 pandemic, notably the implementation of pandemic reduction measures. This"SHIR"model is applied to COVID-19 data, and shows promise as a simple, tractable formalism with few parameters that can be used to model pandemic case numbers. As an example we show that the average time dependence of new COVID-19 cases per day from 15 Central and Western European countries is in good agreement with the analytic, parameter-free prediction of the model url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.14804v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-332314-nukv34fh author: Bartoszek, Krzysztof title: Are official confirmed cases and fatalities counts good enough to study the COVID-19 pandemic dynamics? A critical assessment through the case of Italy date: 2020-06-26 words: 5611.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332314-nukv34fh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332314-nukv34fh.txt summary: Clearly, the curves presented in Fig. 1 suggest that a more in-depth look at the raw numbers is required and that there is a need to put the data in a correct perspective before trying to fit any epidemiological model to them, especially because the viral dynamics are starting to be inferred from reported case fatalities [5, 18, 24] . Its constantly increasing infected and case fatality count has lead us looking in greater detail into this data, especially as it is used for curve-fitting of epidemiological models (e.g., [13, 15, 21, 31] following brief survey of arXiv) and presented in public media. In this work, we analyzed in depth the two statistics that are commonly reported for the currently ongoing COVID-19 pandemic-the number of confirmed cases and the number of case fatalities for the different regions of Italy. abstract: As the COVID-19 outbreak is developing the two most frequently reported statistics seem to be the raw confirmed case and case fatalities counts. Focusing on Italy, one of the hardest hit countries, we look at how these two values could be put in perspective to reflect the dynamics of the virus spread. In particular, we find that merely considering the confirmed case counts would be very misleading. The number of daily tests grows, while the daily fraction of confirmed cases to total tests has a change point. It (depending on region) generally increases with strong fluctuations till (around, depending on region) 15–22 March and then decreases linearly after. Combined with the increasing trend of daily performed tests, the raw confirmed case counts are not representative of the situation and are confounded with the sampling effort. This we observe when regressing on time the logged fraction of positive tests and for comparison the logged raw confirmed count. Hence, calibrating model parameters for this virus’s dynamics should not be done based only on confirmed case counts (without rescaling by the number of tests), but take also fatalities and hospitalization count under consideration as variables not prone to be distorted by testing efforts. Furthermore, reporting statistics on the national level does not say much about the dynamics of the disease, which are taking place at the regional level. These findings are based on the official data of total death counts up to 15 April 2020 released by ISTAT and up to 10 May 2020 for the number of cases. In this work, we do not fit models but we rather investigate whether this task is possible at all. This work also informs about a new tool to collect and harmonize official statistics coming from different sources in the form of a package for the R statistical environment and presents the “COVID-19 Data Hub.” url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836808/ doi: 10.1007/s11071-020-05761-w id: cord-167454-ivhqeu01 author: Battiston, Pietro title: COVID-19: $R_0$ is lower where outbreak is larger date: 2020-04-16 words: 4524.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-167454-ivhqeu01.txt txt: ./txt/cord-167454-ivhqeu01.txt summary: Specifically, we employ daily data on the number of individuals positive to COVID-19 at the municipality level, focusing on a period in which the entire country was subject to a lockdown. Note: fit between data and the corresponding SIR model for Lombardy region (left) and the most affected municipalities at the beginning of our period of interest in absolute and per capita terms, respectively (center, right). In order to shed light on this indeterminacy, we proceed to simulating the SIR model for each municipality until the predicted size of the infected population decreases below either (i) 0.1 cases for one thousands inhabitants or (ii) 0.1 cases 6 and we consider the number of periods elapsed as the outbreak duration. We show that in Lombardy, during a lockdown, the basic reproduction number for COVID-19 reacts negatively to the initial size of an outbreak at the municipality level, an effect which cannot be explained by the population having reached herd immunity. abstract: We use daily data from Lombardy, the Italian region most affected by the COVID-19 outbreak, to calibrate a SIR model individually on each municipality. These are all covered by the same health system and, in the post-lockdown phase we focus on, all subject to the same social distancing regulations. We find that municipalities with a higher number of cases at the beginning of the period analyzed have a lower rate of diffusion, which cannot be imputed to herd immunity. In particular, there is a robust and strongly significant negative correlation between the estimated basic reproduction number ($R_0$) and the initial outbreak size, in contrast with the role of $R_0$ as a emph{predictor} of outbreak size. We explore different possible explanations for this phenomenon and conclude that a higher number of cases causes changes of behavior, such as a more strict adoption of social distancing measures among the population, that reduce the spread. This result calls for a transparent, real-time distribution of detailed epidemiological data, as such data affects the behavior of populations in areas affected by the outbreak. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07827v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-347543-muon0kuu author: Bellido-Blasco, J. B. title: Epidemiology of Infectious Diarrhea date: 2011-12-31 words: 5968.0 sentences: 326.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347543-muon0kuu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347543-muon0kuu.txt summary: Steen Ettenberg and other collaborators performed a specific study on cases registered throughout Denmark in the 1990s and found that 13.3% of Salmonella enteritidis, 10.4% of Shigella sonnei, 5.6% of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium, 3.2% of Campylobacter, and 2.0% of Yersinia enterocolitica cases belonged to this type of clusters, which is a large majority unknown to epidemiological monitoring systems. For example, an outbreak that occurred in the United States in the first half of 2008 was Table 1 Epidemiologic first approach to a case of diarrhea produced by Salmonella Saintpaul with the same genetic fingerprint that affected more than 500 people in 32 states. Agent: bacterial, viral, other (biotoxin, chemical); reservoir and exposure source: animal, soil, surfaces, water, food, ill person, carriers; mechanism of transmission: food, water, hands, aerosol, or dust swallowed via mouth; individual at risk: age, earlier health status, genetic susceptibility; group at risk: same opportunity to exposure; other related people: contact with primary ill or asymptomatic person. abstract: Abstract Diarrhea is a very frequent symptom. A great variety of chemical agents, microorganisms, and biotoxins can cause diarrhea, acute or persistent, slight or serious. From the epidemiological point of view, the cases can be sporadic or epidemic, and identification of the infection source and transmission mechanism is important for prevention and control. Knowledge of the etiology is a great help. The entrance route to the human body is usually through the digestive system. From some source in an individual's surroundings, the causal agent somehow reaches the mouth of the susceptible person. The hands play a fundamental role in many situations. This article revises the most important epidemiological characteristics of the agents that produce diarrhea as a main symptom, placing an emphasis on epidemiological point of view and environmental transmission mechanisms. Some aspects regarding individual susceptibility (genetic or other types) are also mentioned. Because the long-term consequences of infectious gastroenteritis are less well known, a small section dedicated to the long-term consequences of infectious gastroenteritis has been included. With suitable prevention, not only the acute consequences but also the aftereffects of these diseases can be avoided. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444639516006896 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63951-6.00689-6 id: cord-318058-s8vvfejn author: Bellido-Blasco, J.B. title: Epidemiology of Infectious Diarrhea date: 2011-03-03 words: 6280.0 sentences: 348.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318058-s8vvfejn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318058-s8vvfejn.txt summary: From the epidemiological point of view, the cases can be sporadic or epidemic, and identification of the infection source and transmission mechanism is important for prevention and control. Even when incidences of the infection do not display such great geographic differences, in the case of some viruses, the indicators in terms of its lethality are noticeably different; for example, rotavirus is very frequent in all types of countries, but its severity (mortality rate) is greater in poor countries. Steen Ettenberg and other collaborators performed a specific study on cases registered throughout Denmark in the 1990s and found that 13.3% of Salmonella enteritidis, 10.4% of Shigella sonnei, 5.6% of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium, 3.2% of Campylobacter, and 2.0% of Yersinia enterocolitica cases belonged to this type of clusters, which is a large majority unknown to epidemiological monitoring systems. The study of risk factors in Campylobacter infection presents difficulties given that the majority of cases are sporadic and in children under the age of 2 years. abstract: Diarrhea is a very frequent symptom. A great variety of chemical agents, microorganisms, and biotoxins can cause diarrhea, acute or persistent, slight or serious. From the epidemiological point of view, the cases can be sporadic or epidemic, and identification of the infection source and transmission mechanism is important for prevention and control. Knowledge of the etiology is a great help. The entrance route to the human body is usually through the digestive system. From some source in an individual's surroundings, the causal agent somehow reaches the mouth of the susceptible person. The hands play a fundamental role in many situations. This article revises the most important epidemiological characteristics of the agents that produce diarrhea as a main symptom, placing an emphasis on epidemiological point of view and environmental transmission mechanisms. Some aspects regarding individual susceptibility (genetic or other types) are also mentioned. Because the long-term consequences of infectious gastroenteritis are less well known, a small section dedicated to the long-term consequences of infectious gastroenteritis has been included. With suitable prevention, not only the acute consequences but also the aftereffects of these diseases can be avoided. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780444522726006899 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00689-9 id: cord-103545-2v89ku4o author: Bellos, Ioannis title: Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2: A meta-analysis date: 2020-11-13 words: 5197.0 sentences: 333.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-103545-2v89ku4o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-103545-2v89ku4o.txt summary: The following data were planned to be extracted from each of the included studies: name of first author, country, maternal age, medical history (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism or polycystic ovary syndrome), symptoms (fever, cough, shortness of breath, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, myalgia, fatigue, headache, sore throat, nasal congestion, abdominal pain, chest pain), radiological signs, presence of co-infection (bacterial or influenza), laboratory tests (lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased Creactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, liver function tests and D-dimers), type of treatment, pregnancy outcomes (fetal distress, premature rupture of membranes-PROM, placenta previa, preeclampsia, preterm birth, cesarean section, stillbirth), maternal outcomes (admission to intensive care unit-ICU or death), neonatal outcomes (gender, gestational age, birthweight, 1-minute/5-minute Apgar score, horizontal/vertical transmission, admission to ICU, mechanical ventilation, sepsis and death). As a result, the present meta-analysis was based on 16 observational studies [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] and 44 case reports/series , including a total of 920 neonates born to women with SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Evidence concerning coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) in pregnancy is still scarce and scattered. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes in covid-19 pregnancies and identify factors associated with perinatal viral transmission. Medline, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched to 3 June 2020. Overall, 16 observational studies and 44 case reports/series were included. Fever was the most frequent maternal symptom, followed by cough and shortness of breath, while about 15% of infected were asymptomatic. Severe disease was estimated to occur in 11% of women in case reports/series and in 7% (95% CI: 4%-10%) in observational studies. Two maternal deaths were reported. The rate of neonatal transmission did not differ between women with and without severe disease (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 0.50-7.60). Preterm birth occurred in 29.7% and 16% (95% CI: 11%- 21%) in data obtained from case series and observational studies, respectively. Stillbirth occurred in 3 cases and 2 neonatal deaths were observed. Vertical transmission was suspected in 4 cases. Fever was the most common neonatal symptom (40%), followed by shortness of breath (28%) and vomiting (24%), while 20% of neonates were totally asymptomatic. In conclusion, the maternal and neonatal clinical course the infection is typically mild, presenting low mortality rates. The risk of vertical transmission is suggested to be low and may not be affected by the severity of maternal disease. Further large-scale studies are needed to clarify the risk factors associated with viral transmission and severe infection in the neonatal population. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0301211520307491 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.11.038 id: cord-242887-gtmpd7t0 author: Bento, Ana I. title: Information Seeking Responses to News of Local COVID-19 Cases: Evidence from Internet Search Data date: 2020-04-06 words: 1786.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.txt summary: On the other hand, searches for information regarding community level policies (e.g., quarantine, school closures, testing), or personal health strategies (e.g., masks, grocery delivery, over-the-counter medications) do not appear to be immediately triggered by first reports. To provide rapid information to guide policy making, we use Internet search data in an event-study design to examine how collective attention and information seeking behaviors respond to state government announcements of first COVID-19 cases. There was no observable trend in the search behavior in the days leading up to the announcements, suggesting the first "local" case indeed heightened the collective attention to the pandemic. The third row suggests that first case announcements did not induce search for community level policies (quarantines, school closures, and coronavirus testing), or more elaborate personal health strategies (face masks, grocery delivery, overthe-counter medications). Our results suggest that first state COVID-19 case announcements do lead to a widespread increase in the extent to which people seek out Internet information about the epidemic. abstract: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak is a global pandemic with community circulation in many countries, including the U.S. where every state is reporting confirmed cases. The course of this pandemic will be largely shaped by how governments enact timely policies, disseminate the information, and most importantly, how the public reacts to them. Here, we examine informationseeking responses to the first COVID-19 case public announcement in a state. By using an eventstudy framework, we show that such news increases collective attention to the crisis right away, but the elevated level of attention is short-lived, even though the initial announcements were followed by increasingly strong measures. We find that people respond to the first report of COVID-19 in their state by immediately seeking information about COVID-19, as measured by searches for coronavirus, coronavirus symptoms and hand sanitizer. On the other hand, searches for information regarding community level policies (e.g., quarantine, school closures, testing), or personal health strategies (e.g., masks, grocery delivery, over-the-counter medications) do not appear to be immediately triggered by first reports. These results are encouraging given our study period is relatively early in the epidemic and more elaborate policy responses were not yet part of the public discourse. Further analysis will track evolving patterns of responses to subsequent flows of public information. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.04591v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-343042-9mue4eiv author: Bertozzi, Giuseppe title: Mistrial or Misdiagnosis: The Importance of Autopsy and Histopathological Examination in Cases of Sudden Infant Bronchiolitis-Related Death date: 2020-05-27 words: 2451.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343042-9mue4eiv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343042-9mue4eiv.txt summary: Following these complaints, the autopsy was performed, and subsequent histological examinations revealed the presence of typical and pathognomonic histological findings of acute viral bronchiolitis, whose morphological appearance is poorly reported in the literature. For all these reasons, the autopsy, either clinical or medicolegal, is mandatory in cases of sudden unexpected infant death to manage claim requests because only the histological examinations performed on samples collected during the autopsy can reveal the real cause of death. In fact, in the reported case studies, histopathologic diagnostics identified pathognomonic signs of acute bronchiolitis characterized by edema, congestion, leukocytic infiltration in the bronchiolar wall, leukocytes in the peribronchial interstitial pulmonary space, allowing the identification of the exact cause of death. The analysis of the presented cases shows that the autopsy is mandatory in SUID occurrence, in which the absence of anamnestic data and/or acute clinical signs does not allow to identify the cause of death. abstract: Pediatrics, among all the branches of medicine, is a sector not particularly affected by a high number of claims. Nevertheless, the economic value of the compensation is significantly high, for example, in cases of children who suffered multiple disabilities following perinatal lesions with a long life expectancy. In Italy, most of the claims for compensation concern surgical pathologies and infections. Among these latter, the dominant role is taken by respiratory tract infections. In this context, the purpose of this manuscript is to present a case series of infant deaths in different emergency-related facilities (ambulances, emergency rooms) denounced by relatives. Following these complaints, the autopsy was performed, and subsequent histological examinations revealed the presence of typical and pathognomonic histological findings of acute viral bronchiolitis, whose morphological appearance is poorly reported in the literature. The analysis of these cases made it possible to highlight the following conclusions: the main problems in diagnosing sudden death causes, especially in childhood, are the rapidity of death and the scarce correlation between the preexistent diseases and of the cause of death itself. For all these reasons, the autopsy, either clinical or medicolegal, is mandatory in cases of sudden unexpected infant death to manage claim requests because only the histological examinations performed on samples collected during the autopsy can reveal the real cause of death. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00229 doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00229 id: cord-127109-jdizyzbl author: Bertschinger, Nils title: Visual explanation of country specific differences in Covid-19 dynamics date: 2020-04-15 words: 3246.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-127109-jdizyzbl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-127109-jdizyzbl.txt summary: Indeed, I show here that SIR type models -and others exhibiting similarly flexible growth dynamics -are non-identified with respect to the CFR and the fraction of observed infections. Figure 4 shows the country specific estimates of reporting delay, CFR and fraction of observed cases (assuming a true CFR of 1%) obtained in this fashion. In turn, Figure 5 shows the implied relative case counts when shifted by the estimated delays and scaled to reflect the unobserved fraction of cases for each country. A suitable reporting delay τ c can be estimated by visual inspection of the data, but again the fraction of observed cases α c and CFR cfr are not jointly identifiable if there exist sets of parameters such that a t−τ = αa t , as is the case for dynamic SIR type models. Assuming that only a fraction α of cases is observed, the model is estimated with the following Relative days since two death per mill. abstract: This report provides a visual examination of Covid-19 case and death data. In particular, it shows that country specific differences can too a large extend be explained by two easily interpreted parameters. Namely, the delay between reported cases and deaths and the fraction of cases observed. Furthermore, this allows to lower bound the actual total number of people already infected. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07334v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-299584-zpiaka80 author: Biscayart, Cristian title: The next big threat to global health? 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): What advice can we give to travellers? – Interim recommendations January 2020, from the Latin-American society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI) date: 2020-02-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32006657/ doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101567 id: cord-284810-fs5rx07q author: Blasius, Bernd title: Power-law distribution in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases date: 2020-09-17 words: 7590.0 sentences: 449.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284810-fs5rx07q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284810-fs5rx07q.txt summary: To test this hypothesis, we use empirical data 14 to compute the country-level distribution, P, of confirmed COVID-19 cases, n, at the end of March 2020 worldwide and find that it is closely approximated by a truncated power-law, 4, 38 Here, we provide a conceptual dual-scale model that explains the emergence of the power-law distribution by the "superposition" of two concurrent processes: large-scale spread of the virus between countries and small-scale snowballing of case numbers within each country. By combining real world data, modeling, and numerical simulations, we make the case that the distribution of epidemic prevalence, and possibly that of spreading processes in general, might follow universal rules. A straightforward calculation shows that the combination of the two exponential processes generically yields a truncated power-law distribution in the number of cases in countries: Consider an epidemic outbreak that started (the first case reported in a country) at time t = 0. abstract: COVID-19 is an emerging respiratory infectious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It was first reported on in early December 2019 in Wuhan, China and within three months spread as a pandemic around the whole globe. Here, we study macro-epidemiological patterns along the time course of the COVID-19 pandemic. We compute the distribution of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths for countries worldwide and for counties in the US and show that both distributions follow a truncated power-law over five orders of magnitude. We are able to explain the origin of this scaling behavior as a dual-scale process: the large-scale spread of the virus between countries and the small-scale accumulation of case numbers within each country. Assuming exponential growth on both scales, the critical exponent of the power-law is determined by the ratio of large-scale to small-scale growth rates. We confirm this theory in numerical simulations in a simple meta-population model, describing the epidemic spread in a network of interconnected countries. Our theory gives a mechanistic explanation why most COVID-19 cases occurred within a few epicenters, at least in the initial phase of the outbreak. By combining real world data, modeling, and numerical simulations, we make the case that the distribution of epidemic prevalence might follow universal rules. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33003939/ doi: 10.1063/5.0013031 id: cord-348999-989vojgu author: Boddington, N. L. title: COVID-19 in Great Britain: epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first few hundred (FF100) cases: a descriptive case series and case control analysis date: 2020-05-22 words: 6501.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348999-989vojgu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348999-989vojgu.txt summary: Objectives: Following detection of the first virologically-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Great Britain, an enhanced surveillance study was initiated by Public Health England to describe the clinical presentation, course of disease and identify risk factors for infection of the first few hundred cases. This paper describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first few hundred cases of COVID-19 identified in GB, including estimates of sensitivity and specificity of selected symptoms, associations of underlying health conditions with infection and estimates of the prevalence of these conditions in the UK population. service.gov.uk/uk-population-by-ethnicity/national-and-regional-populations/population-of-england-and-wales/latest) Logistic regression analysis of associations of age and sex with COVID-19 included 358 cases with data on underlying health conditions (to allow adjustment for immunosuppression), and 2,705,963 UK general population controls. Analysis of associations of underlying health conditions with COVID-19 infection included 358 cases with comorbidity data, and 2,705,963 UK general population controls (Table 4 ). abstract: Objectives: Following detection of the first virologically-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Great Britain, an enhanced surveillance study was initiated by Public Health England to describe the clinical presentation, course of disease and identify risk factors for infection of the first few hundred cases. Methods: Information was collected on the first COVID-19 cases according to the First Few X WHO protocol. Case-control analyses of the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of symptoms and risk factors for infection were conducted. Point prevalences of underlying health conditions among the UK general population were presented. Findings: The majority of FF100 cases were imported (51.4%), of which the majority had recent travel to Italy (71.4%). 24.7% were secondary cases acquired mainly through household contact (40.4%). Children had lower odds of COVID-19 infection compared with the general population. The clinical presentation of cases was dominated by cough, fever and fatigue. Non-linear relationships with age were observed for fever, and sensitivity and specificity of symptoms varied by age. Conditions associated with higher odds of COVID-19 infection (after adjusting for age and sex) were chronic heart disease, immunosuppression and multimorbidity. Conclusion: This study presents the first epidemiological and clinical summary of COVID-19 cases in Great Britain. The FFX study design enabled systematic data collection. The study was able to characterize the risk factors for infection with population prevalence estimates setting these relative risks into a public health context. It also provides important evidence for generating case definitions to support public health risk assessment, clinical triage and diagnostic algorithms. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.18.20086157v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20086157 id: cord-035351-3mv6x0w9 author: Boin, Arjen title: Guardians of Public Value: How Public Organizations Become and Remain Institutions date: 2020-11-13 words: 10659.0 sentences: 607.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035351-3mv6x0w9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035351-3mv6x0w9.txt summary: An important recent study that provides support for much of what Selznick was proposing, albeit cast in slightly different language, is that of Charles Goodsell (2011a, b) , who examined the organizational history and development of ''mission-driven'' public agencies in the United States, including such iconic institutions as NASA and the National Forest Service. Institutions are, in other words, better prepared to weather the storms of failure, scandal and crisis that any organization faces in its lifetime-provided, as Selnick (1957) reminds us, that they remain responsive and adaptive to the environments they work in and from which they derive their public licence to operate (in fact, Selznick identified this as the most difficult leadership task). If we suspend judgement, we can learn-even from institutions that in our time and context may look questionable-valuable lessons about their emergence, their value proposition, their governance, their ''formula'' for success, their ways of acquiring a public licence to operate, their ways of navigating conflict and tensions, and in some instance, their decline and downfall. abstract: It’s an institution—a phrase we have all come across or may have used. We intuitively understand what it means. There is something special, perhaps mythical, about them. We value these institutions. We may even find it hard to imagine a life without some of these institutions. In this chapter, we offer a definition of institutions and introduce our theoretical framework (based on the work of Philip Selznick). We introduce the case studies in this book and identify patterns of institution building. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7658671/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-51701-4_1 id: cord-249166-0w0t631x author: Booss-Bavnbek, Bernhelm title: Dynamics and Control of Covid-19: Comments by Two Mathematicians date: 2020-08-17 words: 7251.0 sentences: 424.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt summary: We give an overview of the main branches of mathematics that play a role and sketch the most frequent applications, emphasising mathematical pattern analysis in laboratory work and statistical-mathematical models in judging the quality of tests; demographic methods in the collection of data; different ways to model the evolution of the pandemic mathematically; and clinical epidemiology in attempts to develop a vaccine. A few physicians suggested that every epidemic ends because there are finally not enough people left to be infected, which is a naïve predecessor to the mathematical-epidemiologic concept of Herd Immunity (see Sect. Parallel to the entering the scene of these and other epidemics, and partly motivated by them, basically new mathematical tools of public health emerged in the first part of the 20 th Century, preceded by a few studies in the late 19 th . Dealing with large epidemics mathematically was no longer a matter of demography alone, although that continued to be the main tool for estimating number of cases and deaths. abstract: We are asking: why are the dynamics and control of Covid-19 most interesting for mathematicians and why are mathematicians urgently needed for controlling the pandemic? First we present our comments in a Bottom-up approach, i.e., following the events from their beginning as they evolved through time. They happened differently in different countries, and the main objective of the first part is to compare these evolutions in a few selected countries with each other. The second part of the article is not"country-oriented"but"problem-oriented". From a given problem we go Top-down to its solutions and their applications in concrete situations. We have organized this part by the mathematical methods that play a role in their solution. We give an overview of the main branches of mathematics that play a role and sketch the most frequent applications, emphasising mathematical pattern analysis in laboratory work and statistical-mathematical models in judging the quality of tests; demographic methods in the collection of data; different ways to model the evolution of the pandemic mathematically; and clinical epidemiology in attempts to develop a vaccine. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.07929v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-285002-jv91qwjg author: Borthakur, Arijitt title: Radiology Extenders: Impact on Throughput and Accuracy for Routine Chest Radiographs date: 2020-10-13 words: 3606.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285002-jv91qwjg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285002-jv91qwjg.txt summary: Impact on throughput was analyzed by measuring flow rates (number of radiograph interpretations finalized per hour) for four subspecialist attending thoracic radiologists under three conditions: independent interpretation, reviewing RE-drafted cases, and reviewing resident-drafted cases. A single observer (A.B.) manually measured the time from examination opening in PACS to final signing in three categories: independently interpreted by the attending radiologist, REdrafted reports, or resident-drafted reports. The major discrepancy rate amounted to less than 2% of all cases and generated only by the REs. Modeling scores with reporter type and examination case mix (ie, accession number) showed a 100-fold greater contribution by the latter variable to the likelihood-ratio c 2 ( Table 1) , regardless of whether the reporter was a resident or an RE. -RE-drafted reports were finalized more rapidly than resident-drafted reports by attending radiologists with insignificant differences in interpretation discrepancy rates. abstract: Interpretation of chest radiographs, although clinically highly impactful, entails a disproportionate amount of work relative to low reimbursement for these studies. Increasing volumes of chest radiographs in the thoracic imaging division of an academic radiology practice led to incorporation of two radiology extenders (REs) to draft reports of chest radiographs. We evaluated the difference in productivity and accuracy of the reports drafted by REs versus radiology trainees. Impact on throughput was analyzed by measuring flow rates (number of radiograph interpretations finalized per hour) for four subspecialist attending thoracic radiologists under three conditions: independent interpretation, reviewing RE-drafted cases, and reviewing resident-drafted cases. Improvements were calculated as change in flow rates for the latter two conditions compared with an independent interpretation. Accuracy of RE-drafted reports was compared with that of junior residents by evaluating their draft reports for the same chest radiographs (n = 49). A blinded judging panel of three attending radiologists scored these reports using the 3-point RADPEER scoring system; the original report dictated by an attending radiologist served as the reference standard. RADPEER scores were compared between the REs and residents. Flow rates improved significantly (P < .05) by 52% for RE-drafted cases versus a small improvement (17%) for resident-drafted cases compared with independently completed cases. RE-drafted cases generated 36% greater efficiency for attending radiologists compared with resident-drafted cases (P < .05). There was no significant difference in accuracy scores between RE-drafted and resident-drafted reports. RE-drafted reports were finalized more rapidly by attending radiologists with insignificant differences in discrepancy rates compared with resident-drafted reports. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33065074/ doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.09.044 id: cord-323769-2a8cbuh2 author: Boshoff, Willem H. title: South African competition policy on excessive pricing and its relation to price gouging during the COVID‐19 disaster period date: 2020-09-29 words: 12354.0 sentences: 527.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323769-2a8cbuh2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323769-2a8cbuh2.txt summary: As discussed later, changes in consumer behaviour during the disaster period -including increased search costs and/or higher valuation of particular product characteristics -may reduce demand-side substitutes and increase the unilateral pricing power of firms -at least in certain types of market (Frank, 2020) . The focus on shorter horizons to assess market power has therefore facilitated an expanded scope of South African competition policy during the COVID-19 disaster, especially in relation to excessive pricing. Where the disaster period does not raise such additional concerns (perhaps in cases featuring local geographic markets, which allow price comparisons with, for example, nearby markets), intertemporal comparisons continue to offer more appropriate benchmarks for COVID-19-related investigations, for the reason discussed above. This advantage of the intertemporal benchmark is even more important in the context of COVID-19 cases, where changes in the willingness-to-pay is at the heart of excessive-pricing investigations: as argued earlier, changes in the willingness-to-pay underlies increased market power and its potential abuse during the disaster period. abstract: The declaration of a state of national disaster in South Africa, due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, was followed by excessive‐pricing regulations pertaining to certain consumer and medical products and services. The regulations and their application suggest an intertemporal benchmark to judge excessive pricing, deviating from previous practice. Intertemporal comparisons assume a structural shift during COVID‐19 that changes competitive conditions, related to changes in consumer behaviour. Such comparisons must also account for demand and cost changes. While the COVID‐19 regulations allow for cost‐based price increases, demand‐based increases are not explicitly accounted for, suggesting that the regulations are framed more generally as price‐gouging regulations. The differences between price‐gouging and excessive‐pricing benchmarks depends on the type of disaster‐period demand shock. They are similar following a transitory demand spike, provided sufficient time is allowed for dynamic price behaviour, but differ markedly when demand is elevated for the duration of the disaster period. Applying simple cost‐based comparisons in recently concluded cases against smaller retailers are consistent with excessive pricing, given the presence of a demand spike. To the extent that these involve persistently higher demand, cases against wholesalers and larger retailers will be more complicated, as such demand must be reflected in competitive prices. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12268 doi: 10.1111/saje.12268 id: cord-018761-vm86d4mj author: Bradt, David A. title: Technical Annexes date: 2017-11-08 words: 10430.0 sentences: 805.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018761-vm86d4mj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018761-vm86d4mj.txt summary: abstract: This chapter provides guidance on technical issues in the health sector. The annexes contain selective compilations of frequently used reference information. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123725/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-69871-7_8 id: cord-020544-kc52thr8 author: Bradt, David A. title: Technical Annexes date: 2019-12-03 words: 6170.0 sentences: 471.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-020544-kc52thr8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-020544-kc52thr8.txt summary: However, if Dukoral is readily available and staff are properly trained in its use according to the guidelines that come with the vaccine, the COTS program PERMITS Dukoral''s use (ideally before an outbreak) in the following high-risk populations: refugee populations in which cholera is present, health care workers managing cholera cases, and communities in which the incidence rate is greater than 1 in 1000 annually." [2] Epidemiological Surveillance (specific to cholera) abstract: 7.1 Humanitarian Programs 141; 7.2 Security Sector 153; 7.3 Health Sector 158: Core Disciplines in Disaster Health 161. Primary Health Care Programs 162. Disease Prevention 162. Clinical Facilities 164. Reproductive Health 165. Water and Sanitation 166. Food and Nutrition 171. Chemical Weapons 181. Epi Methods 184; 7.4 Tropical Medicine 187: Tropical Infectious Diseases—Vector-borne and Zoonotic 196. Tropical Infectious Diseases—Non-vector-borne 215; 7.5 Epidemic Preparedness and Response 239; 7.6 Communicable Disease Control 242: Diarrhea 244. Influenza 257. Malaria 263. Measles 267. Meningitis 269. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever 272; 7.7 Diagnostic Laboratory 275: Indications, Laboratory Tests, and Expected Availability 276. Specimen Handling 278; 7.8 Acronyms 282; url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7138430/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-04801-3_7 id: cord-309476-hel3h25h author: Brown, Julianne R. title: Encephalitis diagnosis using metagenomics: application of next generation sequencing for undiagnosed cases date: 2018-01-02 words: 5816.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309476-hel3h25h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309476-hel3h25h.txt summary: This included two cases of human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), 28 first described in 2005 when it was associated with a viraemic patient in whom an acute viral infection was suspected 49 ; one case of human coronavirus OC-43, 43 typically a human respiratory pathogen never previously described in a human case of encephalitis but known to cause encephalitis in mice 50 ; one case of human astrovirus MLB1, 46 of mumps vaccine virus in a child who was vaccinated prior to a primary immunodeficiency diagnosis. As with other molecular tests, including PCR which has become the gold standard of virological diagnostics, results from metagenomics applied to cases of encephalitis should be interpreted in the context of other clinical and laboratory findings, particularly when a novel or unexpected organism is detected. abstract: BACKGROUND: Current estimates suggest that even in the most resourced settings, the aetiology of encephalitis is identified in less than half of clinical cases. It is acknowledged that filling this gap needs a combination of rigorous sampling and improved diagnostic technologies. Next generation sequencing (NGS) methods are powerful tools with the potential for comprehensive and unbiased detection of pathogens in clinical samples. We reviewed the use of this new technology for the diagnosis of suspected infectious encephalitis, and discuss the feasibility for introduction of NGS methods as a frontline diagnostic test. METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed, using MESH and text word searches for variants of “sequencing” and “encephalitis” in Medline and EMbase, and searching bibliographies and citations using the Web of Science database. Two authors independently reviewed, extracted and summarised data. FINDINGS: The review identified 25 articles reporting 44 case reports of patients with suspected encephalitis for whom NGS was used as a diagnostic tool. We present the data and highlight themes arising from these cases. There are no randomly controlled trials to assess the utility of NGS as a diagnostic tool. INTERPRETATION: There is increasing evidence of a role for NGS in the work-up of undiagnosed encephalitis. Lower costs and increasing accessibility of these technologies will facilitate larger studies of these patients. We recommend NGS should be considered as a front-line diagnostic test in chronic and recurring presentations and, given current sample-to-result turn-around times, as second-line in acute cases of encephalitis. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445317304139 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.12.014 id: cord-309909-60nrhl3t author: Brumit, Ryan title: Surgical Case Deferment During a Global Pandemic date: 2020-06-03 words: 1392.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309909-60nrhl3t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309909-60nrhl3t.txt summary: MGH evolved the ACS guidelines to specifically include the following patient/disease states to have ongoing surgery: Beyond those directly involved in the process of deferring surgical cases, Nursing and Anesthesia must be kept well informed of significant drops in OR volume, as their staff are crucial in times of crisis and will be needed for redeployment to support other critical care needs within the hospital. 58 blocked operating rooms open and available on the OR scheduling grid meant there was no visual guidance for where non-deferrable cases should be placed. Nurses were calling patients and conducting interviews for noticeably deferrable cases, simply because they were scheduled for a date of surgery beyond the two-week deferment window. In this time, the deferment rate has dropped from 48% (weeks 1 & 2) to 92%, leaving only 25 non-deferrable cases on the schedule across 10 days (weeks 5 & 6) ( fig. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32495113/ doi: 10.1007/s10916-020-01584-9 id: cord-314120-zp9k1k3z author: Brunner, Carolyn M. title: Clinical and immunologic studies in identical twins discordant for systemic lupus erythematosus date: 1973-08-31 words: 2327.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314120-zp9k1k3z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314120-zp9k1k3z.txt summary: Abstract Middle-aged female identical twins, one of whom had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), were evaluated for immunologic reactivity to previous antigenic challenges, including primary immunization with a foreign antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Serologic studies were as follows: latex nucleoprotein 3+, lupus erythematosus cell preparation positive, hemolytic complement (C''H50) 28 units (normal range 34 to 48 units) and rheumatoid factor (RF) negative. Although antinuclear factor remained positive, a lupus erythematosus cell preparation was negative, and serum complement was normal. SLE as the etiology of the patient''s nephritis (Case 1) was first suggested by the positive lupus erythematosus cell preparation in 1963. Multiple blood samples tested for lupus erythematosus cells, antinuclear factor, anti DNA, rheumatoid factor and cryoglobulins (Table I) Delayed hypersensitivity to common antigens was assessed by the intradermal injection of 0.1 ml of 1:40 streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD), (Varidasew, Lederle, Pearl River, N.Y.), 1:30 Trichophyton (Hollister Stier, Yeadon, Pa.) and 1 :lOO Candida albicans (Hollister Stier). abstract: Abstract Middle-aged female identical twins, one of whom had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), were evaluated for immunologic reactivity to previous antigenic challenges, including primary immunization with a foreign antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). These two women had lived together for all of their 58 years and neither was receiving anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs at the time of these studies. Both twins demonstrated comparable 7S and 198 humoral antibody response to KLH, as well as similar viral antibody titers. However, the twin with SLE was anergic to common antigens, streptokinase-streptodornase, Trichophyton and Candida; furthermore delayed hypersensitivity to KLH did not develop after immunization. This observed discrepancy between humoral and cellular immunity in genetically similar subjects may be significant in the pathogenesis of SLE. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4579077/ doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(73)90176-9 id: cord-262104-oig3qrr7 author: Brüssow, Harald title: COVID‐19: Test, Trace and Isolate‐New Epidemiological Data date: 2020-06-08 words: 7118.0 sentences: 365.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt summary: Very similar information was reported in data describing household transmission in Wuhan, where children showed a 4% infection rate compared with 17% in adults. 1.6 million tests were used to identify 1''400 SARS-CoV-2-positive cases; 1000 patients had had exposure to infected people from Hubei. In Wuhan, 105 index cases of patients suffering from moderate COVID-19 symptoms (fever, cough, fatigue) were investigated for secondary transmission to 392 household contacts. The control measures that stopped the epidemic locally have included: intense infection surveillance of incoming travelers; isolation of COVID-19 cases in hospitals; contact tracing and quarantine in holiday camps; and school closure but no lock-down, thus preventing the crisis from having a negative economic impact. Model calculations showed that the containment measures (the quarantine of exposed, and the isolation of infected persons) which depleted the number of susceptible individuals for the virus, reproduced the actually observed case development. abstract: In the absence of an efficient drug treatment or a vaccine, the control of the COVID‐19 pandemic relies on classic infection control measures. Since these means are socially disruptive and come with substantial economic loss for societies, a better knowledge of the epidemiology of the new coronavirus epidemic is crucial to achieve control at a sustainable cost, and within tolerable restrictions of civil rights. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15118 doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15118 id: cord-297884-a6yrtuwf author: Burke, R. M. title: Enhanced Contact Investigations for Nine Early Travel-Related Cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date: 2020-05-03 words: 7343.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.txt summary: To understand the prevalence of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infection, a convenience sample of actively monitored close contacts was selected from whom to request respiratory (nasopharyngeal [NP] and oropharyngeal [OP]) samples outside of diagnostic specimen collection procedures (i.e., while contacts were asymptomatic or, in some cases, symptomatic with ≥ 1 previous negative SARS-CoV-2 result); some sites were able to request at least one set of samples from all close contacts, but most sites targeted sample collection mainly to close contacts determined to have had high-risk exposures, such as household members. Among 49 HCP who provided care to or came into contact with the infectious fluids of travelassociated case patients and who had at least one set of respiratory samples collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2, the secondary attack rate was 0% (95% CI: 0 -7%). abstract: Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China and has since become pandemic. As part of initial response activities in the United States, enhanced contact investigations were conducted to enable early identification and isolation of additional cases and to learn more about risk factors for transmission. Methods Close contacts of nine early travel-related cases in the United States were identified. Close contacts meeting criteria for active monitoring were followed, and selected individuals were targeted for collection of additional exposure details and respiratory samples. Respiratory samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results There were 404 close contacts who underwent active monitoring in the response jurisdictions; 338 had at least basic exposure data, of whom 159 had at least 1 set of respiratory samples collected and tested. Across all known close contacts under monitoring, two additional cases were identified; both secondary cases were in spouses of travel-associated case patients. The secondary attack rate among household members, all of whom had at least 1 respiratory sample tested, was 13% (95% CI: 4 - 38%). Conclusions The enhanced contact tracing investigations undertaken around nine early travel-related cases of COVID-19 in the United States identified two cases of secondary transmission, both spouses. Rapid detection and isolation of the travel-associated case patients, enabled by public awareness of COVID-19 among travelers from China, may have mitigated transmission risk among close contacts of these cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.20081901 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.27.20081901 id: cord-324405-6uanhe2p author: Burke, Rachel M. title: Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date: 2020-09-02 words: 6616.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324405-6uanhe2p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324405-6uanhe2p.txt summary: To interrupt transmission and facilitate early identification of secondary cases (i.e., transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 from the original travel-related case patient to a close contact), public health authorities at the state, county, and local levels, in consultation with subject-matter experts from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), mobilized rapidly to place the patients under appropriate isolation and identify contacts exposed to these patients. To understand the prevalence of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infection, a convenience sample of actively monitored close contacts was selected from whom to request respiratory (nasopharyngeal [NP] and oropharyngeal [OP]) samples outside of diagnostic specimen collection procedures (i.e., while contacts were asymptomatic or, in some cases, symptomatic with � 1 previous negative SARS-CoV-2 result); some sites were able to request at least one set of samples from all close contacts, but most sites targeted sample collection mainly to close contacts determined to have had high-risk exposures, such as household members and some healthcare personnel. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China and has since become pandemic. In response to the first cases identified in the United States, close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases were investigated to enable early identification and isolation of additional cases and to learn more about risk factors for transmission. Close contacts of nine early travel-related cases in the United States were identified and monitored daily for development of symptoms (active monitoring). Selected close contacts (including those with exposures categorized as higher risk) were targeted for collection of additional exposure information and respiratory samples. Respiratory samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Four hundred four close contacts were actively monitored in the jurisdictions that managed the travel-related cases. Three hundred thirty-eight of the 404 close contacts provided at least basic exposure information, of whom 159 close contacts had ≥1 set of respiratory samples collected and tested. Across all actively monitored close contacts, two additional symptomatic COVID-19 cases (i.e., secondary cases) were identified; both secondary cases were in spouses of travel-associated case patients. When considering only household members, all of whom had ≥1 respiratory sample tested for SARS-CoV-2, the secondary attack rate (i.e., the number of secondary cases as a proportion of total close contacts) was 13% (95% CI: 4–38%). The results from these contact tracing investigations suggest that household members, especially significant others, of COVID-19 cases are at highest risk of becoming infected. The importance of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers is also underlined. Isolation of persons with COVID-19, in combination with quarantine of exposed close contacts and practice of everyday preventive behaviors, is important to mitigate spread of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238342 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238342 id: cord-330198-pwkxgbxk author: Cai, Xiaofang title: Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-10-27 words: 4287.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt summary: All febrile or suspected COVID-19 cases were referred to the fever clinic, and the others-including critically ill children-were received by the emergency department after pediatric 5-level triage. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of these children admitted from the emergency department to characterize thoroughly the features of COVID-19 that can be evaluated to distinguish this novel disease from pneumonia caused by other pathogens in pediatric patients. Owing to the parents'' fear that their children were infected with SARS-CoV-2, the median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was shorter for confirmed COVID-19 cases (2.0 days) than that for suspected COVID-19 cases (3.0 days) and non-COVID-19 cases (4.0 days) (P < 0.05). Moreover, serologic testing can serve as an important adjunctive method for COVID-19 diagnosis, especially when the patient is highly suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection but is found to be negative by nucleic acid testing. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread around the world. However, approaches to distinguish COVID-19 from pneumonia caused by other pathogens have not yet been reported. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 97 children with probable COVID-19. A total of 13 (13.4%) patients were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by nucleic acid RT-PCR testing, and 41 (42.3%) patients were found to be infected with other pathogens. Notably, no pathogen was detected in 43 (44.3%) patients. Among all patients, 25 (25.8%) had familial cluster exposure history, and 52 (53.6%) had one or more coexisting conditions. Fifteen (15.5%) patients were admitted or transferred to the PICU. In the 11 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 5 (45.5%) and 7 (63.6%) were positive for IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, respectively. In 22 patients with suspected COVID-19, 1 (4.5%) was positive for IgG but negative for IgM. The most frequently detected pathogen was Mycoplasma pneumonia (29, 29.9%). One patient with confirmed COVID-19 died. Our results strongly indicated that the detection of asymptomatic COVID-19 or coexisting conditions must be strengthened in pediatric patients. These cases may be difficult to diagnose as COVID-19 unless etiologic analysis is conducted. A serologic test can be a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool in cases where SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly suspected but the nucleic acid test is negative. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7 and is accessible for authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7 id: cord-318012-bg9y2nsp author: Cantais, Aymeric title: Epidemiology and microbiological investigations of community-acquired pneumonia in children admitted at the emergency department of a university hospital date: 2014-05-22 words: 3546.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318012-bg9y2nsp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318012-bg9y2nsp.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The management of children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is largely influenced by the development of new molecular diagnostic tests that allow the simultaneous detection of a wide range of pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the huge proportion of CAP of viral origin, the high number of co-infection by multiple viruses and the low number of bacterial CAP, notably in children under 5 years, and address the need to re-evaluate the indications of empiric antimicrobial treatment in this age group. The aim of the present study was to document the presence of a large variety of pathogens in respiratory specimens from children attending the Pediatric Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France, during a six-month period and presenting a CAP based on clinical and radiological evidence. A single center epidemiological observational study was conducted over a six-month period (November 2012 to April 2013) on children aging from one month to 16.5 years and presenting with CAP at the Pediatric Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France. abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is largely influenced by the development of new molecular diagnostic tests that allow the simultaneous detection of a wide range of pathogens. OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of a diagnostic approach including multiplex PCR assays for revisiting the epidemiology and etiology of CAP in children at hospital. STUDY DESIGN: Children of all ages consulting at the Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France, during the 2012–2013 winter period were included. In addition to bacterial cultures, the following pathogens were detected using biplex commercially-available rt-PCR tests: adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, bocavirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, coronavirus, influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumonia. RESULTS: From 85 patients with CAP, at least one pathogen was identified in 81 cases (95.3%), including 4 bacterial exclusive infections (4.7%), 53 viral exclusive infections (62.4%) and 24 mixed infections (28.2%). Coinfection by at least two viruses was observed in 37 cases (43.5%). Mean age was higher in the case of documented bacterial infection (P < 0.05). In the subgroup of viral exclusive infection, the mean age of severe cases was 2.0 years vs 3.8 years in mild and moderate cases (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the huge proportion of CAP of viral origin, the high number of co-infection by multiple viruses and the low number of bacterial CAP, notably in children under 5 years, and address the need to re-evaluate the indications of empiric antimicrobial treatment in this age group. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653214001838 doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.05.006 id: cord-287520-51kmd2ds author: Carneiro, Arie title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urologist’s clinical practice in Brazil: a management guideline proposal for low- and middle-income countries during the crisis period date: 2020-05-20 words: 4537.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287520-51kmd2ds.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287520-51kmd2ds.txt summary: Therefore, most worldwide authorities are recommending to avoid, as much as possible, patient''s elective visits to hospitals, as well as a judicious use of the operating room in order to mitigate the strain put on the health system. If it is not possible to separate an entire surgical block, we suggest designating specific rooms for the care of patients with COVID-19 that will not be used for regular cases. The gold standard test for investigation of the upper urinary tract is uro-tomography, but in times when we need to consider the use of resources, ultrasound could potentially be used since many imaging services are overloaded due to the frequent indication of thoracic CTs for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with Sars-Cov-2. -In Intermediate-risk and high-risk non--muscle-invasive bladder cancers: Clinically fit patients with no major comorbidities should receive induction therapy followed by at least 1-year maintenance BCG. abstract: This letter to the Editor aims to provide suggestions and recommendations for the management of urological conditions in times of COVID-19 crisis in Brazil and other low- and middle-income countries. It is important to highlight that one of the main characteristics of this pandemic is the oversaturation of the health system capacity, mostly due to a high demand for personal protective equipment (PPE), Hospital/ICU beds, as well as ventilators. In places with limited resources and where the health care systems are already saturated, such consideration is even more worrisome. Therefore, most worldwide authorities are recommending to avoid, as much as possible, patient’s elective visits to hospitals, as well as a judicious use of the operating room in order to mitigate the strain put on the health system. While efforts should be directed to the care of COVID-19 patients, other conditions (especially urgencies and oncological cases) must continue to be assisted. Thus, through a panel of experts, we have prepared a practical guide for urologists based on the recommendations from the main Urologic Associations, as well as data from the literature to support the suggested management. We will try to follow the standard guideline recommendations from the American Urological Association (AUA) and European Association of Urology (EAU), with the aim of pursuing the best outcomes possible. However, some recommendations were based on the consensus of the panel, taking into consideration the reality of developing countries and the unprecedented situation caused by the COVID-19 crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.04.03 doi: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.04.03 id: cord-236070-yao5v598 author: Carneiro, Carlos B. title: Lockdown effects in US states: an artificial counterfactual approach date: 2020-09-28 words: 4850.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-236070-yao5v598.txt txt: ./txt/cord-236070-yao5v598.txt summary: We adopt an artificial counterfactual approach to assess the impact of lockdowns on the short-run evolution of the number of cases and deaths in some US states. On average, for treated states, the counterfactual accumulated number of cases, according to the method adopted here, would be two times larger were lockdown policies not implemented. 7 Hence, the in-sample period used to estimate the synthetic control ("before" the lockdown policy) for each treated state (to be defined below) is the number of days between the tenth day after the first confirmed case and the tenth day after the lockdown strategy was implemented. On average, according to the synthetic controls, the counterfactual accumulated number of cases would be two times larger were lockdown policies not implemented in treated states. abstract: We adopt an artificial counterfactual approach to assess the impact of lockdowns on the short-run evolution of the number of cases and deaths in some US states. To do so, we explore the different timing in which US states adopted lockdown policies, and divide them among treated and control groups. For each treated state, we construct an artificial counterfactual. On average, and in the very short-run, the counterfactual accumulated number of cases would be two times larger if lockdown policies were not implemented. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.13484v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-282530-55lhjfm8 author: Carsana, Luca title: Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study date: 2020-06-08 words: 3429.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282530-55lhjfm8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282530-55lhjfm8.txt summary: [6] [7] [8] [9] We describe the lung histopathological findings from a large series of patients who died from COVID-19 in northern Italy, with the aim of reporting the main micro scopic pulmonary lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe respiratory failure. To our knowledge, these data represent the first relevant provisional information regarding tissue damage specifically induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), besides the previously described diffuse alveolar damage, a feature that characterises interstitial pneumonia regardless of infectious agent. 3, 4, 11, 14 In two autopsy studies of patients who died from SARS (eight cases from Singapore 11 and 20 cases from Toronto), 3 the predominant pattern of lung injury was diffuse alveolar damage, including the exudative and proliferative phases. In a case report of a patient who died from COVID-19 in China, the histological findings in the lungs included desquamation of pneumocytes, diffuse alveolar damage, and oedema. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is characterised by respiratory symptoms, which deteriorate into respiratory failure in a substantial proportion of cases, requiring intensive care in up to a third of patients admitted to hospital. Analysis of the pathological features in the lung tissues of patients who have died with COVID-19 could help us to understand the disease pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. METHODS: We systematically analysed lung tissue samples from 38 patients who died from COVID-19 in two hospitals in northern Italy between Feb 29 and March 24, 2020. The most representative areas identified at macroscopic examination were selected, and tissue blocks (median seven, range five to nine) were taken from each lung and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for at least 48 h. Tissues were assessed with use of haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining for inflammatory infiltrate and cellular components (including staining with antibodies against CD68, CD3, CD45, CD61, TTF1, p40, and Ki-67), and electron microscopy to identify virion localisation. FINDINGS: All cases showed features of the exudative and proliferative phases of diffuse alveolar damage, which included capillary congestion (in all cases), necrosis of pneumocytes (in all cases), hyaline membranes (in 33 cases), interstitial and intra-alveolar oedema (in 37 cases), type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia (in all cases), squamous metaplasia with atypia (in 21 cases), and platelet–fibrin thrombi (in 33 cases). The inflammatory infiltrate, observed in all cases, was largely composed of macrophages in the alveolar lumina (in 24 cases) and lymphocytes in the interstitium (in 31 cases). Electron microscopy revealed that viral particles were predominantly located in the pneumocytes. INTERPRETATION: The predominant pattern of lung lesions in patients with COVID-19 patients is diffuse alveolar damage, as described in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses. Hyaline membrane formation and pneumocyte atypical hyperplasia are frequent. Importantly, the presence of platelet–fibrin thrombi in small arterial vessels is consistent with coagulopathy, which appears to be common in patients with COVID-19 and should be one of the main targets of therapy. FUNDING: None. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32526193/ doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30434-5 id: cord-347182-oj3v1x99 author: Catala, M. title: Robust estimation of diagnostic rate and real incidence of COVID-19 for European policymakers date: 2020-05-06 words: 7902.0 sentences: 426.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347182-oj3v1x99.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347182-oj3v1x99.txt summary: While total deaths immediately indicate that countries like Italy and Spain have the worst situation as of mid April 2020, on its own, reported cases do not provide a correct picture of the situation. Then we discuss our key assumption: the real 41 case fatality rate (CFR) in European countries experiencing a significative incidence will 42 be roughly the same, given the similar structure of the population. Using this rate is straightforward to give a present-day estimate of the 63 incidence given the number of reported infected people in each country as long as we 64 can observe that the rate of diagnosis remains fairly constant. This value can 86 be compared with the number of cases detected 18 days ago, obtaining a diagnostic depending on the availability of tests, saturation of the health system and other 91 external factors, countries have a great variability in the time of diagnosis delay. abstract: Policymakers need a clear and fast assessment of the real spread of the epidemic of COVID-19 in each of their respective countries. Standard measures of the situation provided by the governments include reported positive cases and total deaths. While total deaths immediately indicate that countries like Italy and Spain have the worst situation as of mid April 2020, on its own, reported cases do not provide a correct picture of the situation. The reason is that different countries diagnose diversely and present very distinctive reported case fatality rate (CFR). The same levels of reported incidence and mortality might hide a very different underlying picture. Here we present a straightforward and robust estimation of the diagnostic rate in each European country. From that estimation we obtain an uniform unbiased incidence of the epidemic. The method to obtain the diagnostic rate is transparent and empiric. The key assumption of the method is that the real CFR in Europe of COVID-19 is not strongly country-dependent. We show that this number is not expected to be biased due to demography nor the way total deaths are reported. The estimation protocol has a dynamic nature, and it has been giving converging numbers for diagnostic rates in all European countries as of mid April 2020. From this diagnostic rate, policy makers can obtain an Effective Potential Growth (EPG) updated everyday providing an unbiased assessment of the countries with more potential to have an uncontrolled situation. The method developed will be used to track possible improvements on the diagnostic rate in European countries as the epidemic evolves. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.01.20087023v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087023 id: cord-277173-zdft23q8 author: Cauchemez, Simon title: Methods to infer transmission risk factors in complex outbreak data date: 2012-03-07 words: 6669.0 sentences: 406.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277173-zdft23q8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277173-zdft23q8.txt summary: cases rather than the uninfected, but potentially susceptible bulk of the population, they can say little about the risk factors for infection or provide estimates of transmissibility in different contexts (e.g. households, schools or as a function of distance between a susceptible and an infected individual). We present a relatively generic statistical model for the estimation of transmission risk factors, and discuss algorithms to estimate its parameters for different levels of missing data. We present a relatively generic statistical model for the estimation of transmission risk factors, and discuss algorithms to estimate its parameters for different levels of missing data. For a directly transmitted disease, the first step to estimate transmission risk factors is usually to propose a model for transmission hazard l i!j ðtjQÞ from case i to subject j on day t, i.e. define l i!j ðtjQÞ as a function of the individual covariates z i (t) and z j (t) and a set of parameters Q. abstract: Data collected during outbreaks are essential to better understand infectious disease transmission and design effective control strategies. But analysis of such data is challenging owing to the dependency between observations that is typically observed in an outbreak and to missing data. In this paper, we discuss strategies to tackle some of the ongoing challenges in the analysis of outbreak data. We present a relatively generic statistical model for the estimation of transmission risk factors, and discuss algorithms to estimate its parameters for different levels of missing data. We look at the problem of computational times for relatively large datasets and show how they can be reduced by appropriate use of discretization, sufficient statistics and some simple assumptions on the natural history of the disease. We also discuss approaches to integrate parametric model fitting and tree reconstruction methods in coherent statistical analyses. The methods are tested on both real and simulated datasets of large outbreaks in structured populations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21831890/ doi: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0379 id: cord-264266-6xvj9zey author: Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra title: COVID-19 in India: Are Biological and Environmental Factors Helping to Stem the Incidence and Severity? date: 2020-05-09 words: 3845.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264266-6xvj9zey.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264266-6xvj9zey.txt summary: Apart from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV which caused severe respiratory diseases following outbreaks in 2003 and 2012, there are four endemic human corona viruses, HCoV-229E, HCoV NL-63, HCoV-OC4, HCoV-HKU1 in populations that are responsible for various types of respiratory illness which are generally self-limiting in young and immunecompetent persons [8] . It can be assumed that some degrees of sequence homology or conformational similarities among the structural proteins, especially the S protein, of SARS-CoV-2 and the endemic corona viruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV NL-63, HCoV-OC4, HCoV-HKU1) may result in cross-reactive immunity (circulating antibodies or primed T-cells) in persons with prior exposure to the latter viruses, and this may modulate the course and outcome of COVID-19. Thus, the possibility of a protective cross-immunity in the Indian population against COVID-19 cannot be ignored in explaining a rather mild effect of the current coronavirus pandemic in India in comparison to that in Europe and the USA. Therefore, cross-reactive antibodies generated as a result of infections from other human corona viruses may have a protective role in a population affected by COVID-19. abstract: The ongoing Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic has witnessed global political responses of unimaginable proportions. Many nations have implemented lockdowns that involve mandating citizens not to leave their residences for non-essential work. The Indian government has taken appropriate and commendable steps to curtail the community spread of COVID-19. While this may be extremely beneficial, this perspective discusses the other reasons why COVID-19 may have a lesser impact on India. We analyze the current pattern of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, testing, and mortality in India with an emphasis on the importance of mortality as a marker of the clinical relevance of COVID-19 disease. We also analyze the environmental and biological factors which may lessen the impact of COVID-19 in India. The importance of cross-immunity, innate immune responses, ACE polymorphism, and viral genetic mutations are discussed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32489695/ doi: 10.14336/ad.2020.0402 id: cord-319323-1qt7vf59 author: Chakraborty, Amartya title: Around the world in 60 days: an exploratory study of impact of COVID-19 on online global news sentiment date: 2020-10-21 words: 7868.0 sentences: 326.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319323-1qt7vf59.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319323-1qt7vf59.txt summary: The proposed work takes up the challenge of mining a comprehensive set of online news texts, for determining the prevailing sentiment in the context of the ongoing pandemic, along with a statistical analysis of the relation between actual effect of COVID-19 and online news sentiment. The current work statistically determines how and after what amount of delay, the number of affected patients, and number of deaths due to COVID-19, impacts the news sentiment in regional and world-wide news, -The authors also analyze other relevant factors that contribute to rise or fall of global news sentiment related to particular countries. A visual analysis of these images reveals how the observations are generally applicable throughout the data from different countries; that is, whether the global news sentiment about a country is actually affected by the daily trends in number of new cases or deaths. abstract: The world is going through an unprecedented crisis due to COVID-19 breakout, and people all over the world are forced to stay indoors for safety. In such a situation, the rise and fall of the number of affected cases or deaths has turned into a constant headline in most news channels. Consequently, there is a lack of positivity in the world-wide news published in different forms of media. Texts based on news articles, movie reviews, tweets, etc. are often analyzed by researchers, and mined for determining opinion or sentiment, using supervised and unsupervised methods. The proposed work takes up the challenge of mining a comprehensive set of online news texts, for determining the prevailing sentiment in the context of the ongoing pandemic, along with a statistical analysis of the relation between actual effect of COVID-19 and online news sentiment. The amount and observed delay of impact of the ground truth situation on online news is determined on a global scale, as well as at country level. The authors conclude that at a global level, the news sentiment has a good amount of dependence on the number of new cases or deaths, while the effect varies for different countries, and is also dependent on regional socio-political factors. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-020-00088-3 doi: 10.1007/s42001-020-00088-3 id: cord-263508-row2mn17 author: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo title: The emerging novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: The “knowns” and “unknowns” date: 2013-07-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: A novel lineage C betacoronavirus, originally named human coronavirus EMC/2012 (HCoV-EMC) and recently renamed Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), that is phylogenetically closely related to Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 and Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5, which we discovered in 2007 from bats in Hong Kong, has recently emerged in the Middle East to cause a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like infection in humans. The first laboratory-confirmed case, which involved a 60-year-old man from Bisha, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), who died of rapidly progressive community-acquired pneumonia and acute renal failure, was announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) on September 23, 2012. Since then, a total of 70 cases, including 39 fatalities, have been reported in the Middle East and Europe. Recent clusters involving epidemiologically-linked household contacts and hospital contacts in the Middle East, Europe, and Africa strongly suggested possible human-to-human transmission. Clinical and laboratory research data generated in the past few months have provided new insights into the possible animal reservoirs, transmissibility, and virulence of MERS-CoV, and the optimal laboratory diagnostic options and potential antiviral targets for MERS-CoV-associated infection. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929664613001770 doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.05.010 id: cord-292719-n5lg43tr author: Chang, Luan-Yin title: Viral infections associated with Kawasaki disease date: 2014-02-01 words: 3163.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292719-n5lg43tr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292719-n5lg43tr.txt summary: To investigate the infectious etiology of Kawasaki disease, we initiated a prospective case-control study to investigate possible links between common viral infections and Kawasaki disease. The infectious evidence of Kawasaki disease includes temporal clustering and marked seasonality, geographic clustering, family clustering, a high association between Kawasaki disease and infectious disease surveillance, and age distribution, for which the highest incidence rates are seen among 6 monthe2-year-old children who have low maternal antibodies and are most susceptible to infections in general. We thus carried out a prospective case-control study to investigate the association of common viral infections with Kawasaki disease to test the above hypothesis. We enrolled Kawasaki disease cases that had fever for over 5 days and at least four of the following five manifestations: neck lymphadenopathy, lip fissure and/or strawberry tongue, skin rash, nonpurulent bulbar conjunctivitis, palm/sole erythema, and induration followed by periungual desquamation. The c 2 test was used to compare the rates of viral isolation and PCR of various viruses between KD cases and the control children. abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a disease of unknown cause. To investigate the infectious etiology of Kawasaki disease, we initiated a prospective case-control study to investigate possible links between common viral infections and Kawasaki disease. METHODS: We enrolled 226 children with KD and 226 age- and sex-matched healthy children from February 2004 to March 2010. Throat and nasopharyngeal swabs were taken for both viral isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for various viruses. RESULTS: The mean age of the 226 KD cases was 2.07 years, and the male to female ratio was 1.43 (133 boys to 93 girls). Their mean fever duration was 7.5 days with a mean peak temperature of 39.7°C. In addition to the typical symptoms of fever, neck lymphadenopathy, lip fissure and/or strawberry tongue, skin rash, nonpurulent bulbar conjunctivitis, palm/sole erythema, and induration followed by periungual desquamation, these KD cases also exhibited cough (69%), rhinorrhea (58%), and diarrhea (45%). Cases of KD had a significantly higher positive rate of viral isolation in comparison with the control group (7.5% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.02). Compared with the control group, cases of KD were more likely to have overall positive rates of viral PCR (50.4% vs. 16.4%, p < 0.001) and for various viruses including enterovirus (16.8% vs. 4.4%, p < 0.001), adenovirus (8.0% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.007), human rhinovirus (26.5% vs. 9.7%, p < 0.001), and coronavirus (7.1% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: We found that some common respiratory viruses, such as adenoviruses, enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, and coronaviruses, were associated with KD cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2013.12.008 doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.12.008 id: cord-304084-ervaxqph author: Chang, Luan-Yin title: Status of Cellular Rather Than Humoral Immunity is Correlated with Clinical Outcome of Enterovirus 71 date: 2006 words: 4241.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304084-ervaxqph.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304084-ervaxqph.txt summary: The median (range) interval between their disease onset and enrollment in this study was not significantly different among the three groups: 1.9 (1.1-2.9) years for the 7 cases with brainstem encephalitis plus pulmonary edema, 2.5 (0.7-5.2) years for 12 cases with CNS involvement, and 2.6 (0.7-2.7) for 11 uncomplicated cases (p ϭ 0.17 with Kruskal-Wallis test). The median (range) age at this immune study was 3.1 (1.7-3.8) years for the 7 cases with brainstem encephalitis plus pulmonary edema, 5.8 (3.5-7.3) years for 12 cases with CNS involvement, and 4.5 (2.0 -8.1) years for 11 uncomplicated cases (p ϭ 0.005 with Kruskal-Wallis test). EV71 cases with pulmonary edema had a significantly lower PHA stimulation index (p ϭ 0.04, measured to compare the percentages of a response over the median level of increase of all the EV71 cases by using likelihood ratio 2 test). abstract: We valuated specific cellular and humoral immune response of cases of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection and correlated immune response with clinical outcome. After obtaining informed consent, we enrolled 30 EV71 cases including 7 cases with brainstem encephalitis plus pulmonary edema, 12 cases of CNS (CNS) involvement and 11 uncomplicated cases. We measured antibodies specific to EV71, lymphocyte proliferation response and EV71-stimulated cellular response of Th1/Th2 cytokines and chemokines. The 7 EV71 cases involving brainstem encephalitis plus pulmonary edema had a significantly lower phytohemagglutinin stimulation index than other cases (p = 0.04). After EV71 stimulation of peripheral mononuclear cells, there was a significant increase in cellular Th1 cytokine (γ-interferon) and proinflammatroy cytokines. However, cases with pulmonary edema had significantly lower cellular γ-interferon (p = 0.04), lower cellular IL-1β (p = 0.04), lower cellular IL-6 (p = 0.04), lower cellular tumor necrosis factor-α response (p = 0.04), and lower cellular macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (p = 0.04) response compared with other cases. Their titers of EV71 neutralizing antibodies demonstrated no difference among cases. These results suggest lower EV71-specific cellular response may be associated with immunopathogenesis of EV71-related pulmonary edema. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16940249/ doi: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000238247.86041.19 id: cord-103291-nqn1qzcu author: Chapman, Lloyd A. C. title: Inferring transmission trees to guide targeting of interventions against visceral leishmaniasis and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis date: 2020-02-25 words: 5931.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-103291-nqn1qzcu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-103291-nqn1qzcu.txt summary: ú CI = credible interval, calculated as the 95% highest posterior density interval † risk of subsequent VL/asymptomatic infection if susceptible ‡ based on assumed infectiousness § in the absence of background transmission and relative to living directly outside the case household. Based on the relative infectiousness of VL and the di erent 151 types of PKDL from the xenodiagnostic data, in the absence 152 of any other sources of transmission, the estimated probability 153 of being infected and developing VL if living in the same 154 household as a single symptomatic individual for 1 month 155 following their onset was 0.018 (95% CI: 0.013, 0.024) for VL 156 and ranged from 0.009 to 0.023 (95% CIs: (0.007,0.013)-(0.018, 157 0.031)) for macular/papular PKDL to nodular PKDL. We estimate the historical asymptomatic infection rate, ⁄0, by fitting the model to age-prevalence data on leishmanin skin 186 test (LST) positivity amongst non-symptomatic individuals from a cross-sectional survey of three of the study paras conducted 187 in 2002 (28) (see Figure S4 ). abstract: Understanding of spatiotemporal transmission of infectious diseases has improved significantly in recent years. Advances in Bayesian inference methods for individual-level geo-located epidemiological data have enabled reconstruction of transmission trees and quantification of disease spread in space and time, while accounting for uncertainty in missing data. However, these methods have rarely been applied to endemic diseases or ones in which asymptomatic infection plays a role, for which novel estimation methods are required. Here, we develop such methods to analyse longitudinal incidence data on visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and its sequela, post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), in a highly endemic community in Bangladesh. Incorporating recent data on infectiousness of VL and PKDL, we show that while VL cases drive transmission when incidence is high, the contribution of PKDL increases significantly as VL incidence declines (reaching 55% in this setting). Transmission is highly focal: >85% of mean distances from inferred infectors to their secondary VL cases were <300m, and estimated average times from infector onset to secondary case infection were <4 months for 90% of VL infectors, but up to 2.75yrs for PKDL infectors. Estimated numbers of secondary VL cases per VL and PKDL case varied from 0-6 and were strongly correlated with the infector's duration of symptoms. Counterfactual simulations suggest that prevention of PKDL could have reduced VL incidence by up to a quarter. These results highlight the need for prompt detection and treatment of PKDL to achieve VL elimination in the Indian subcontinent and provide quantitative estimates to guide spatiotemporally-targeted interventions against VL. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.24.20023325 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.24.20023325 id: cord-321819-lqyo9px1 author: Chaw, Liling title: Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Different Settings, Brunei date: 2020-11-17 words: 4170.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321819-lqyo9px1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321819-lqyo9px1.txt summary: We identify red flags for potential superspreading events, specifically densely populated gatherings with prolonged exposure in enclosed settings, persons with recent travel history to areas with active SARS-CoV-2 infections, and group behaviors. Brunei''s thorough contact tracing provides a rare opportunity to study the epidemiologic and transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in different community settings. Among 1,755 close contacts of the COVID-19 cluster among Tablighi members in Brunei, 52 local transmissions were detected, giving an overall nonprimary attack rate of 2.9% (95% CI 2.2%-3.8%). We could not calculate the attack rate for attendees of the local religious gathering because the 3 primary cases at the event had different symptom statuses and we could not ascertain how transmission occurred. In the household setting, symptomatic casepatients had 2.7 times the risk of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to their close contacts, compared with asymptomatic and presymptomatic case-patients (crude risk ratio 2.66 [95% CI 1.12-6.34]; Table 3 ). abstract: We report the transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) across different settings in Brunei. An initial cluster of SARS-CoV-2 cases arose from 19 persons who had attended the Tablighi Jama’at gathering in Malaysia, resulting in 52 locally transmitted cases. The highest nonprimary attack rates (14.8%) were observed from a subsequent religious gathering in Brunei and in households of attendees (10.6%). Household attack rates from symptomatic case-patients were higher (14.4%) than from asymptomatic (4.4%) or presymptomatic (6.1%) case-patients. Workplace and social settings had attack rates of <1%. Our analyses highlight that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 varies depending on environmental, behavioral, and host factors. We identify red flags for potential superspreading events, specifically densely populated gatherings with prolonged exposure in enclosed settings, persons with recent travel history to areas with active SARS-CoV-2 infections, and group behaviors. We propose differentiated testing strategies to account for differing transmission risk. url: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2611.202263 doi: 10.3201/eid2611.202263 id: cord-291726-8670s4st author: Che, Xiao-yan title: A Patient with Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Antigenemia from the 2003–2004 Community Outbreak of SARS in Guangzhou, China date: 2006-07-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: An asymptomatic case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred early in 2004, during a community outbreak of SARS in Guangzhou, China. This was the first time that a case of asymptomatic SARS was noted in an individual with antigenemia and seroconversion. The asymptomatic case patient and the second index case patient with SARS in the 2003–2004 outbreak both worked in the same restaurant, where they served palm civets, which were found to carry SARS-associated coronaviruses. Epidemiological information and laboratory findings suggested that the findings for the patient with asymptomatic infection, together with the findings from previously reported serological analyses of handlers of wild animals and the 4 index case patients from the 2004 community outbreak, reflected a likely intermediate phase of animal-to-human transmission of infection, rather than a case of human-to-human transmission. This intermediate phase may be a critical stage for virus evolution and disease prevention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16758408/ doi: 10.1086/504943 id: cord-314851-de6kyjup author: Chen, Peng title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 cases of COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing date: 2020-04-29 words: 2665.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314851-de6kyjup.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314851-de6kyjup.txt summary: BACKGROUND: We did a comprehensive exploration of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing which was adjacent to the west of Hubei province. The time from contact symptomatic case to illness was 7.7 days, and 88 patients (64.7%) were cluster cases, radiological evidence found bilateral lung involvement was common (57.4%).Compared with the imported cases, the local cases were significantly older, the proportion of men is lower. We conducted a statistical comparison of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported cases and local cases in main district of Chongqing, hoping to provide guidance in preventing local epidemics, and to provide a reference for the development of prevention and control measures in other provinces and regions. This research provided epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 confirmed COVID-19 patients in main district of Chongqing. abstract: BACKGROUND: We did a comprehensive exploration of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing which was adjacent to the west of Hubei province. METHODS: This study was conducted on 136 patients with COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing from Jan 25 to Feb 20, 2020. Data of patients included demographic, epidemiological, clinical features, chest radiographs of imported cases, local cases, second-generation cases and third-generation cases. Student's t-test was adopted for quantitative variables while Pearson Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. RESULTS: The median age was 47 years and common symptoms of illness were cough (50.7%), fever (47.1%) and fatigue (14.0%). The time from contact symptomatic case to illness was 7.7 days, and 88 patients (64.7%) were cluster cases, radiological evidence found bilateral lung involvement was common (57.4%).Compared with the imported cases, the local cases were significantly older, the proportion of men is lower. There was higher proportion of cluster cases in local cases. Unlike imported cases, which fever was the dominant symptom, the local cases have more cough patients, with a significant higher proportion of asymptomatic patients. The third-generation cases have a significant higher proportion of asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the cases andsuggested to take more comprehensive measures for screening patients, especially for elderly person, avoid family gatherings, and implement more closely surveillance of suspect patients and their close contacts. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929664620301558 doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.04.019 id: cord-353786-284qn075 author: Chen, Zhi-Min title: Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus date: 2020-02-05 words: 3521.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353786-284qn075.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353786-284qn075.txt summary: title: Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus At the onset of the disease, infected children mainly present with fever, fatigue and cough, which may be accompanied by nasal congestion, runny nose, expectoration, diarrhea, headache, etc. 2. Children with a history of contacting patients with fever or respiratory symptoms who have a travel or residence history in Wuhan City and neighboring areas, or in other areas with persistent local transmission within 14 days prior to disease onset. 3. Children with a history of contacting confirmed or suspected cases infected with 2019-nCoV within 14 days prior to disease onset. 4. Children who are related with a cluster outbreak: in addition to this patient, there are other patients with fever or respiratory symptoms, including suspected or confirmed cases infected with 2019-nCoV. Most of the cases have normal or decreased white blood cell counts, while severely infected children show reduced level of lymphocyte count. abstract: Since December 2019, an epidemic caused by novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has occurred unexpectedly in China. As of 8 pm, 31 January 2020, more than 20 pediatric cases have been reported in China. Of these cases, ten patients were identified in Zhejiang Province, with an age of onset ranging from 112 days to 17 years. Following the latest National recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV (the 4th edition) and current status of clinical practice in Zhejiang Province, recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infection caused by 2019-nCoV for children were drafted by the National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine to further standardize the protocol for diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infection in children caused by 2019-nCoV. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00345-5 doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00345-5 id: cord-337219-d81v8b4j author: Cheong, Chang Heon title: Case Study of Airborne Pathogen Dispersion Patterns in Emergency Departments with Different Ventilation and Partition Conditions date: 2018-03-13 words: 7181.0 sentences: 354.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337219-d81v8b4j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337219-d81v8b4j.txt summary: Simulation cases for analysis were established, as shown in Table 3 , to conduct a case study that analyzed the range of airborne pathogen dispersion according to the location of diffusers in the bed area of the ED, the ventilation rate, and the installation of partitions between beds. Simulation cases for analysis were established, as shown in Table 3 , to conduct a case study that analyzed the range of airborne pathogen dispersion according to the location of diffusers in the bed area of the ED, the ventilation rate, and the installation of partitions between beds. Simulation cases for analysis were established, as shown in Table 3 , to conduct a case study that analyzed the range of airborne pathogen dispersion according to the location of diffusers in the bed area of the ED, the ventilation rate, and the installation of partitions between beds. abstract: The prevention of airborne infections in emergency departments is a very important issue. This study investigated the effects of architectural features on airborne pathogen dispersion in emergency departments by using a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulation tool. The study included three architectural features as the major variables: increased ventilation rate, inlet and outlet diffuser positions, and partitions between beds. The most effective method for preventing pathogen dispersion and reducing the pathogen concentration was found to be increasing the ventilation rate. Installing partitions between the beds and changing the ventilation system’s inlet and outlet diffuser positions contributed only minimally to reducing the concentration of airborne pathogens. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29534043/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph15030510 id: cord-282338-u01qv3uc author: Cherry, James. D. title: The chronology of the 2002–2003 SARS mini pandemic date: 2004-11-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was a new human disease in the autumn of 2002. It first occurred in Southern China in November 2002 and was transported to Hong Kong on February 21, 2003 by an infected and ill patient. Ten secondary cases spread the infection to two hospitals in Hong Kong and to Singapore, Toronto and Hanoi. In March 2003 a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was found to be the causative agent. Within 11 weeks from the first SARS case in Hong Kong it had spread to an additional 27 countries or special administrative regions. The mini pandemic peaked during the last week of May 2003 and the last new probable case was on July 13, 2003. There were a total of 8096 probable cases and 774 deaths. Sixty-six per cent of the cases occurred in China, 22% in Hong Kong, 4% in Taiwan and 3% in both Singapore and Canada. Twenty-one per cent of all cases occurred in healthcare workers. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526054204000788 doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2004.07.009 id: cord-255140-3dwqqgv1 author: Christian, Michael D. title: Biowarfare and Bioterrorism date: 2013-07-04 words: 9451.0 sentences: 516.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255140-3dwqqgv1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255140-3dwqqgv1.txt summary: Although some experts state that the risk of a largescale bioterrorist attack is low, 7 in a more recent analysis, US Senators Graham and Talent quote their conclusion form the Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism in 2010, which stated "unless the world community acts decisively and with great urgency, it is more likely than not that a [biologic] weapon of mass destruction will be used in a terrorist attack somewhere in the world by the end of 2013." 8 Anthrax in particular remains such a concern, because of both the lethality of the agent and also the potential availability given the number of governments that produced weaponized anthrax in the past. The mode of deployment as a biological weapon in the past has often been through infected vectors 22 ; however, a modern bioterrorist would most like deploy the agent via aerosolization and it could present as: primary pneumonic tularemia (inhalation), oculoglandular tularemia (eye contact), ulceroglandular (broken skin contact), or oropharyngeal (mucous membrane contact without deep inhalation). abstract: Bioterrorism is not only a reality of the times in which we live but bioweapons have been used for centuries. Critical care physicians play a major role in the recognition of and response to a bioterrorism attack. Critical care clinicians must be familiar with the diagnosis and management of the most likely bioterrorism agents, and also be adequately prepared to manage a mass casualty situation. This article reviews the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the most likely agents of biowarfare and bioterrorism. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0749070413000389 doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2013.03.015 id: cord-256995-itiz6mqv author: Christoffersen, S. title: The importance of microbiological testing for establishing cause of death in 42 forensic autopsies date: 2015-05-31 words: 2722.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256995-itiz6mqv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256995-itiz6mqv.txt summary: C-reactive protein levels were raised in 14 cases of the 19 cases, histological findings either supported or were a decisive factor for the classification of microbiologically related cause of death in 14 cases. In a retrospective study including 42 autopsies performed at our Institute, where microbiological test had been applied, analyses were made with regard to: type of microbiological tests performed, microorganisms found, histological findings, antemortem information, C-reactive protein measurement and cause of death. In a retrospective study including 42 autopsies performed at our Institute, where microbiological test had been applied, analyses were made with regard to: type of microbiological tests performed, microorganisms found, histological findings, antemortem information, C-reactive protein measurement and cause of death. Microbiological sampling remains an important part of the autopsy yielding the cause of death in 42.8% of the cases in which it was performed. abstract: Abstract Microorganisms have always been one of the great challenges of humankind, being responsible for both high morbidity and mortality throughout history. In a forensic setting microbiological information will always be difficult to interpret due to lack of antemortem information and changes in flora postmortem. With this study we aim to review the use of microbiological procedures at our forensic institute. In a retrospective study including 42 autopsies performed at our Institute, where microbiological test had been applied, analyses were made with regard to: type of microbiological tests performed, microorganisms found, histological findings, antemortem information, C-reactive protein measurement and cause of death. Fiftyone different microorganisms were found distributed among 37 cases, bacteria being the most abundant. Nineteen of the cases were classified as having a microbiological related cause of death. C-reactive protein levels were raised in 14 cases of the 19 cases, histological findings either supported or were a decisive factor for the classification of microbiologically related cause of death in 14 cases. As a multitude of abundant microorganisms are able to cause infection under the right circumstances, all findings should be compared to anamnestic antemortem information, before conclusions are drawn. A definite list of true pathogens is nearly impossible to compile. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.02.020 doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.02.020 id: cord-262646-64ldtrjf author: Chuang, Pei-Hung title: A dynamic estimation of the daily cumulative cases during infectious disease surveillance: application to dengue fever date: 2010-05-27 words: 4148.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262646-64ldtrjf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262646-64ldtrjf.txt summary: This study proposes a dynamic statistical model to estimate the daily number of new cases and the daily cumulative number of infected cases, which was then applied to historic dengue fever data. Our results show that when an infectious disease required a time-consuming process for diagnosis, such as the dengue fever using the previously mentioned protocol, the actual daily number of infected cases and cumulative positive cases are potentially underestimated. The Figure 3 and Table 1 for cumulative cases showed that a gamma distribution is a more appropriate assumption for the onset-todiagnosis time when estimating the probability of being a positive case using the dengue fever example; nonetheless, the difference between the gamma and the nonparametric method is again only slight except towards the end stage of the epidemic after January 1. This study has proposed a statistical method that more accurately estimates the real-time daily new cases and daily cumulative number of infected cases using a dengue fever epidemic as an example. abstract: BACKGROUND: In infectious disease surveillance, when the laboratory confirmation of the cases is time-consuming, there is often a time lag between the number of suspect cases and the number of confirmed cases. This study proposes a dynamic statistical model to estimate the daily number of new cases and the daily cumulative number of infected cases, which was then applied to historic dengue fever data. METHODS: The duration between the date of disease onset and date of laboratory confirmation was assumed to follow a gamma distribution or a nonparametric distribution. A conditional probability of a case being a real case among the unconfirmed cases on a given date was then calculated. This probability along with the observed confirmed cases was integrated to estimate the daily number of new cases and the cumulative number of infected cases. RESULTS: The distribution of the onset-to-confirmation time for the positive cases was different from that of the negative cases. The daily new cases and cumulative epidemic curves estimated by the proposed method have a lower absolute relative bias than the values estimated solely based on the available daily-confirmed cases. CONCLUSION: The proposed method provides a more accurate real-time estimation of the daily new cases and daily cumulative number of infected cases. The model makes use of the most recent "moving window" of information relative to suspect cases and dynamically updates the parameters. The proposed method will be useful for the real-time evaluation of a disease outbreak when case classification requires a time-consuming laboratory process to identify a confirmed case. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-136 doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-136 id: cord-293315-kx4x2g24 author: Colmenero, I. title: SARS‐CoV‐2 endothelial infection causes COVID‐19 chilblains: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultraestructural study of 7 paediatric cases date: 2020-06-20 words: 2530.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293315-kx4x2g24.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293315-kx4x2g24.txt summary: title: SARS‐CoV‐2 endothelial infection causes COVID‐19 chilblains: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultraestructural study of 7 paediatric cases CONCLUSIONS: Although the clinical and histopathological features were similar to other forms of chilblains, the presence of viral particles in the endothelium and the histological evidence of vascular damage, support a causal relation of the lesions with SARS‐CoV‐2. 4 Most patients have been negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) when tested by PCR of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, and less than 50% have a history of exposure to positive household contacts or previous history of mild upper respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Lymphocytic vascular damage was the hallmark feature in biopsies from our 7 patients with COVID-19 related chilblains. 25 We have demonstrated the presence of viral particles within endothelial cells in lesional skin biopsies from patients presenting with chilblains during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chilblain-like lesions: a case series of 41 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: BACKGROUND: Chilblains ("COVID toes") are being seen with increasing frequency in children and young adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Detailed histopathological descriptions of COVID‐19 chilblains have not been reported, and causality of SARS‐CoV‐2 has not been established yet. OBJECTIVE: To describe histopathological features of Covid‐19 chilblains and explore the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the tissue. METHODS: We examined skin biopsies from 7 paediatric patients presenting with chilblains during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Immunohistochemistry for SARS‐CoV‐2 was performed in all cases and electron microscopy in one. RESULTS: Histopathology showed variable degrees of lymphocytic vasculitis ranging from endothelial swelling and endothelialitis to fibrinoid necrosis and thrombosis. Purpura, superficial and deep perivascular lymphocytic inflammation with perieccrine accentuation, oedema, and mild vacuolar interface damage were also seen. SARS‐CoV‐2 immunohistochemistry was positive in endothelial cells and epithelial cells of eccrine glands. Coronavirus particles were found in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells on electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Although the clinical and histopathological features were similar to other forms of chilblains, the presence of viral particles in the endothelium and the histological evidence of vascular damage, support a causal relation of the lesions with SARS‐CoV‐2. Endothelial damage induced by the virus could be the key mechanism in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19 chilblains and perhaps also in a group of patients severely affected by COVID‐19 presenting with features of microangiopathic damage. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562567/ doi: 10.1111/bjd.19327 id: cord-343962-12t247bn author: Cori, Anne title: Key data for outbreak evaluation: building on the Ebola experience date: 2017-05-26 words: 9871.0 sentences: 480.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343962-12t247bn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343962-12t247bn.txt summary: Here we build on experience gained in the West African Ebola epidemic and prior emerging infectious disease outbreaks to set out a checklist of data needed to: (1) quantify severity and transmissibility; (2) characterize heterogeneities in transmission and their determinants; and (3) assess the effectiveness of different interventions. Dynamic transmission models, which account for saturation effects, can be used to assess the long-term impact of the outbreak such as predicting the timing and magnitude of the epidemic peak or the attack rate (final proportion of population infected) [39, 40] . Estimates of the secondary attack rate have been obtained for the West African Ebola epidemic by reconstructing household data based on information reported by cases, in particular, as part of contact-tracing activities [86, 87] . Such data were widely used during the West African Ebola epidemic to quantify the risk of international spread of the disease, and to assess the potential impact of airport screening and travel restrictions on the outbreak [9,94 -96] . abstract: Following the detection of an infectious disease outbreak, rapid epidemiological assessment is critical for guiding an effective public health response. To understand the transmission dynamics and potential impact of an outbreak, several types of data are necessary. Here we build on experience gained in the West African Ebola epidemic and prior emerging infectious disease outbreaks to set out a checklist of data needed to: (1) quantify severity and transmissibility; (2) characterize heterogeneities in transmission and their determinants; and (3) assess the effectiveness of different interventions. We differentiate data needs into individual-level data (e.g. a detailed list of reported cases), exposure data (e.g. identifying where/how cases may have been infected) and population-level data (e.g. size/demographics of the population(s) affected and when/where interventions were implemented). A remarkable amount of individual-level and exposure data was collected during the West African Ebola epidemic, which allowed the assessment of (1) and (2). However, gaps in population-level data (particularly around which interventions were applied when and where) posed challenges to the assessment of (3). Here we highlight recurrent data issues, give practical suggestions for addressing these issues and discuss priorities for improvements in data collection in future outbreaks. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The 2013–2016 West African Ebola epidemic: data, decision-making and disease control’. url: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0371 doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0371 id: cord-018714-i291z2ju author: Criado, Paulo Ricardo title: Adverse Drug Reactions date: 2016-12-31 words: 23904.0 sentences: 1177.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018714-i291z2ju.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018714-i291z2ju.txt summary: • If possible identify the physiopathologic mechanism involved in the reaction; • Identify as rapidly as possible the drug inducing the reaction and always opt for its withdrawal; in some circumstances the choice is difficult as there is no alternative drug and its use is essential for the maintenance of life; • A careful and intensive observation is recommended for the occurrence of warning signs regarding the appearance of a potentially severe adverse drug reaction, especially in relation to mucous, oral, ocular, and genital involvement and progression of any present cutaneous eruption; • It is imperative that the drug responsible may be withdrawn on a permanent basis together with chemically related com-pounds, and this advice is also valid for first-degree relatives who can present the same type of reaction. abstract: Adverse events and adverse drug reactions are common in clinical practice. Side effects range from the common to the rare and may be confused with other mucocutaneous manifestations resulting from several medications to treat infections, other medical conditions, and in the clinical setting of oncologic treatment. The objective of this chapter to review current data on adverse drug reactions, here classified as (i) severe adverse drug reactions, (ii) uncomplicated cutaneous adverse drug reactions, and (iii) adverse drug reactions caused by chemotherapy drugs, particularly those cases whereby the dermatologist is requested to issue a report and asked to comment on the safety and viability of readministration of a specific drug. We describe aspects associated with these events, presenting a detailed analysis of each of them. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123670/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-33919-1_26 id: cord-254340-e1x0z3rh author: Cruz, Christian Joy Pattawi title: Exploring the young demographic profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong: Evidence from migration and travel history data date: 2020-06-26 words: 4963.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.txt summary: Using detailed case data from Hong Kong''s Centre for Health Department and Immigration Department, we analyze the sex and age distribution of the confirmed cases along with their recent travel histories and immigration flows for the period January to April 2020. Our analysis highlights Hong Kong''s high proportion of imported cases and large overseas student population in developing COVID-19 hotspot areas such as the United Kingdom. Our study includes an examination of the age and sex distribution of the COVID-19 confirmed cases in Hong Kong and an exploration of how the different measures to combat this outbreak resulted in a relatively low number of cases and deaths. In this paper, we highlight the potential impact of the young profile of the confirmed cases on the total number of mortalities and the effect of early, aggressive policy measures including travel bans, enforced quarantines and contact-tracing imposed by the Hong Kong government as early as January 27, 2020 in containing the spread of the COVID-19. abstract: This paper investigates the profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong, highlighting the unique age structure of confirmed cases compared to other territories. While the majority of cases in most territories around the world have fitted an older age profile, our analysis shows that positive cases in Hong Kong have been concentrated among younger age groups, with the largest incidence of cases reported in the 15–24 age group. This is despite the population’s rapidly aging structure and extremely high levels of population density. Using detailed case data from Hong Kong’s Centre for Health Department and Immigration Department, we analyze the sex and age distribution of the confirmed cases along with their recent travel histories and immigration flows for the period January to April 2020. Our analysis highlights Hong Kong’s high proportion of imported cases and large overseas student population in developing COVID-19 hotspot areas such as the United Kingdom. Combined with community action and targeted and aggressive early policy measures taken to contain the virus, these factors may have contributed to the uniquely younger age structure of COVID-19 cases in the city. Consequently, this young profile of confirmed cases may have prevented fatalities in the territory. Recent research has highlighted the importance of a demographic approach to understanding COVID-19 transmission and fatality rates. The experience in Hong Kong shows that while an older population age structure may be important for understanding COVID-19 fatality, it is not a given. From a social science perspective at least, there is ‘no easy answer’ to why one area should experience COVID-19 differently from another. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32589645/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235306 id: cord-119626-qb6fea06 author: Cruz-Aponte, Mayte''e title: Balancing Fiscal and Mortality Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Mitigation Measurements date: 2020-06-02 words: 3176.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-119626-qb6fea06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-119626-qb6fea06.txt summary: We constructed an enhanced mathematical SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered) epidemic model [5] to simulate the COVID-19 epidemic in the US in an attempt to estimate the fiscal impact and the optimal conditions to mitigate this ongoing pandemic. Figure 2 : Varying physical distancing starting two days after the epidemic: lowering the infection rate 20% for four-week intervals and increasing it between 50% to 75% for eight weeks intervals as described on Table 2 . When the infection is reduced by 40% or 80%, the associated cost of the pandemic to the government decreased by $51.4 billion than when the public health policy is implemented earlier like in Figure 4 . When infection is reduced by 90% for eight weeks, mortality is 10,713 lower than in the herd immunity case and the fiscal cost of the pandemic is the minimum with respect to any of the scenarios presented in this article. abstract: An epidemic carries human and fiscal costs. In the case of imported pandemics, the first-best solution is to restrict national borders to identify and isolate infected individuals. However, when that opportunity is not fully seized and there is no preventative intervention available, second-best options must be chosen. In this article we develop a system of differential equations that simulate both the fiscal and human costs associated to different mitigation measurements. After simulating several scenarios, we conclude that herd immunity (or unleashing the pandemic) is the worst policy in terms of both human and fiscal cost. We found that the second-best policy would be a strict policy (e.g. physical distancing with massive testing) established under the first 20 days after the pandemic, that lowers the probability of infection by 80%. In the case of the US, this strict policy would save more than 239 thousands lives and almost $170.8 billion to taxpayers when compared to the herd immunity case. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.01363v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-010513-7p07efxo author: Daniels, Norman title: Resource Allocation and Priority Setting date: 2015-08-31 words: 13439.0 sentences: 702.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010513-7p07efxo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010513-7p07efxo.txt summary: The cases in this chapter that discuss resource allocation force us to contemplate decisions about priorities in public health as opposed to the more frequently discussed medical issues about health care priorities. Specifi cally, some mental health conditions require signifi cant resources for what Medicaid terms as "behavioral management," which is seen as a social support service not a medical treatment . Public health decisions about resource allocation-judging from the cases on that topic in this volume-face reasonable ethical disagreement. Approved in 1993, health reform in Colombia was supposed to overcome problems such as low coverage, inequality in access and use of health care services, and ineffi ciency in the allocation and distribution of resources. Variability in the frameworks used to allocate public health resources illustrates the importance of refl ecting upon the value s that undergird policy decisions and individual practices, like critical care triage. abstract: There has been much discussion of resource allocation in medical systems, in the United States and elsewhere. In large part, the discussion is driven by rising costs and the resulting budget pressures felt by publicly funded systems and by both public and private components of mixed health systems. In some publicly funded systems, resource allocation is a pressing issue because resources expended on one disease or person cannot be spent on another disease or person. Some of the same concern arises in mixed medical systems with multiple funding sources. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7193709/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-23847-0_3 id: cord-006328-0tpj38vb author: Dass Hazarika, Rashna title: Invasive Meningococcal Infection: Analysis of 110 cases from a Tertiary Care Centre in North East India date: 2012-07-22 words: 3214.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006328-0tpj38vb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006328-0tpj38vb.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To report an outbreak of invasive meningococcal disease from Meghalaya, in the north east India, from January 2008 through June 2009. Fever was the most common manifestation (100 %) followed by meningeal signs (78.2 %), headache (56.4 %), vomiting (53.6 %), shock (38.2 %), low Glasgow coma scale (GCS) (25.5 %), purpura and rashes (23.6 %), seizures (9.1 %), abdominal symptoms (4.5 %), irritability and excessive crying (4.5 %) and bulging anterior fontanalle (23 %) in those below 18 mo of age. from Delhi reported that 67 % children had meningococcal meningitis, 20 % had meningococcemia and 13 % had both with mortality of 4.5 %, 25 % and 69 %, respectively [12] . Although Pollard RB [21] has reported that deafness has not been a common complication of meningococcal meningitis in the antibiotic era, there was one case with bilateral sensorineural hearing defect in the present study. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report an outbreak of invasive meningococcal disease from Meghalaya, in the north east India, from January 2008 through June 2009. METHODS: Retrospective review of case sheets was done. One hundred ten patients with invasive meningococcal disease were included for the study. RESULTS: Of the total patients, 61.8 % were boys and 38.2 % were girls (boy to girl ratio = 1.62:1). The average age of presentation was 8.48 ± 5.09 y. Meningococcal meningitis was seen in 61.8 % of cases, meningococcemia in 20 % and 18.2 % had both. Fever was the most common manifestation (100 %) followed by meningeal signs (78.2 %), headache (56.4 %), vomiting (53.6 %), shock (38.2 %), low Glasgow coma scale (GCS) (25.5 %), purpura and rashes (23.6 %), seizures (9.1 %), abdominal symptoms (4.5 %), irritability and excessive crying (4.5 %) and bulging anterior fontanalle (23 %) in those below 18 mo of age. Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) was the most common complication (28.2 %) followed by coagulopathy (16.4 %), hepatopathy (10 %), herpes labialis (9.1 %), syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) (8 %), pneumonia (7 %), arthritis (6 %), purpura fulminans, respiratory failure, sixth nerve palsy and diabetes insipidus in 4.5 % each, subdural empyema, optic neuritis, ARDS and ARF in 1.8 % each, cerebral salt wasting syndrome, third nerve palsy, cerebritis and hearing impairment in 0.9 % each. Culture was positive in 35.5 %. Patients were treated initially with ceftriaxone and dexamethasone but later on with chloramphenicol due to clinical drug resistance. Mortality was 6.4 %. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first epidemic report of invasive meningococcal disease from the north east India. Chloramphenicol acts well in areas with penicillin or cephalosporin resistance. Mortality reduces significantly with early diagnosis and prompt intervention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7101621/ doi: 10.1007/s12098-012-0855-0 id: cord-279215-qwk0jkqm author: Delmage, D. A. title: Auricular chondritis in a cat date: 2008-06-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: A four‐year‐old male neutered domestic shorthaired cat developed bilateral thickening of the pinnae, with slight curling, intense erythema and pain. No ear canal disease was present. The cat was negative for feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukaemia virus and feline coronavirus. Biopsy of the ear lesion revealed auricular chondritis. In humans, histologically similar lesions may involve the pinnae, nose, trachea, joints, eyes and heart, and the disease is termed relapsing polychondritis. The cat reported had a history of corneal damage, resulting in corneal vascularisation and opacity, eyelid distortion, necessitating an entropion operation, and radiological evidence of mild cardiac enlargement. The ear disease responded rapidly to treatment with prednisolone and, apart from slight thickening and curling of the pinnae, the cat remained normal and pain‐free. After two years, the prednisolone was withdrawn, and there was no recurrence of the condition in a follow‐up period of 14 months. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11688526/ doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02457.x id: cord-296739-ujsqshjg author: Dexter, Franklin title: Forecasting the Probability That Each Surgical Case Will Either Be Ambulatory or the Patient Will Remain in the Hospital Overnight Versus Having a Length of Stay of Two or More Days date: 2020-10-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: When the hospital census is high, perioperative medical directors or operating room (OR) managers sometimes need to review with surgical departments as to which surgical cases scheduled to be performed within the next three days may need to be postponed. Although distributions of hospital length of stay (LOS) are highly skewed, a surprisingly effective summary measure is the percentage of patients previously undergoing the same category of procedure as that scheduled whose LOS was zero or one day. We evaluated how to forecast each hospital's percentage of cases with LOS of <2 days, segmented by category of surgical procedure. The large teaching hospital studied included several inpatient adult surgical suites, an ambulatory surgery center, and a pediatric surgical suite. We included 98,540 cases in a training dataset to predict 24,338 cases in a test dataset. For each category of procedure, we calculated the cumulative count of cases among quarters, from the most recent quarter, second most recent quarter, and so forth up to the quarter resulting in at least 800 cases. If every quarter combined had fewer than 800 cases for a given category of procedure, we included all cases for that category. For each combination of category and quarter, we used the cumulative counts of cases and cases with LOS of <2 days, excluding the current quarter. Then, for each category of procedure, and for each of the preceding quarters included for the category, we used the cumulative counts to calculate the asymptotic standard error (SE) for the proportion of cases with LOS of <2 days. If all preceding quarters combined provided a sample size such that the estimated SE for the proportion exceeded 1.25%, we included all preceding quarters. The observed absolute percentage error was 0.76% (SE: 0.12%). This error was nearly 100-fold smaller than the percentage of cases to which it would be used (i.e., 0.76% versus 73.1% with LOS of <2 days). The principal weakness of the forecasting methodology was a small bias caused by a progressive reduction in the overall LOS over time. However, this bias is unlikely to be important for predicting cases’ LOS when the hospital census is high. When performing these time series calculations quarterly, a reasonable approach is to perform calculations of both case counts and SEs for each category of procedure. We recommend using the fewest historical quarters, starting with the most recent quarter, either with at least 800 cases or an estimated asymptotic SE for the estimated percentage no greater than 1.25%. Applying our methodology with local LOS data will allow OR managers to estimate the number of patients on the elective OR schedule each day who will be hospitalized for longer than overnight, facilitating communication and decision-making with surgical departments when census considerations constrain the ability to run a full surgical schedule. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33178503/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.10847 id: cord-001512-u3u2k8hj author: Ding, Hua title: A family cluster of three confirmed cases infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Zhejiang Province of China date: 2014-12-31 words: 5088.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001512-u3u2k8hj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001512-u3u2k8hj.txt summary: title: A family cluster of three confirmed cases infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Zhejiang Province of China BACKGROUND: A total of 453 laboratory-confirmed cases infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus (including 175 deaths) have been reported till October 2,2014, of which 30.68% (139/453) of the cases were identified from Zhejiang Province. Human infection with avian influenza A/H7N9 virus was first identified in March 31 of 2013, in China, a total of 453 confirmed cases were found in the world up to date [1] . Here we describe an additional cluster, comprised of three laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with H7N9 virus reported in Zhejiang Province in January 2014. Furthermore, 42.30% (11/26) of environments samples from different live bird markets under routine surveillance in Xiaoshan district during the same period were H7N9 positive (Source: unpublished data from the Zhejiang Avian Surveillance System); (2) Case 2 stayed with the Index case and provided beside bed medical care frequently on the January 14, 16, and 17-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: A total of 453 laboratory-confirmed cases infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus (including 175 deaths) have been reported till October 2,2014, of which 30.68% (139/453) of the cases were identified from Zhejiang Province. We describe the largest reported cluster of virologically confirmed H7N9 cases, comprised by a fatal Index case and two mild secondary cases. METHODS: A retrospective investigation was conducted in January of 2014. Three confirmed cases, their close contacts, and relevant environments samples were tested by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), viral culture, and sequencing. Serum samples were tested by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. RESULTS: The Index case, a 49-year-old farmer with type II diabetes, who lived with his daughter (Case 2, aged 24) and wife (Case 3, aged 43) and his son-in-law (H7N9 negative). The Index case and Case 3 worked daily in a live bird market. Onset of illness in Index case occurred in January 13, 2014 and subsequently, he died of multi-organ failure on January 20. Case 2 presented with mild symptoms on January 20 following frequent unprotected bed-side care of the Index case between January 14 to 19, and exposed to live bird market on January 17. Case 3 became unwell on January 23 after providing bedside care to the Index case on January 17 to 18, and following the contact with Case 2 during January 21 to 22 at the funeral of the Index case. The two secondary cases were discharged on February 2 and 5 separately after early treatment with antiviral medication. Four virus strains were isolated and genome analyses showed 99.6 ~100% genetic homology, with two amino mutations (V192I in NS and V280A in NP). 42% (11/26) of environmental samples collected in January were H7N9 positive. Twenty-five close contacts remained well and were negative for H7N9 infection by RT-PCR and HI assay. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the Index case was infected from a live bird market while the two secondary cases were infected by the Index case during unprotected exposure. This family cluster is, therefore, compatible with non-sustained person-to-person transmission of avian influenza A/H7N9. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-014-0698-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4304124/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-014-0698-6 id: cord-251070-gxqg494t author: Diouf, Massamba title: Logistic growth model and modeling of factors for community case transmission date: 2020-11-05 words: 2339.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-251070-gxqg494t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-251070-gxqg494t.txt summary: We estimate parameters and evaluate the growth factor, community rate, weekly increase and daily difference, and make forecasting to help on how to find concrete actions to control the situation. The objective of this work is to model the variables potentially involved in the spread of cases resulting from community transmission of COVID-19 in Senegal in order to identify statistical associations. Here, we give forecasting pandemic size of community cases for Senegal and daily predictions using the logistic model. Variables such as community rate, growth factor, daily difference (daily variations) and weekly increase (number of cumulative cases per week) were defined to better understand the dynamics of the development of community cases in Senegal. In this section, we a perform forecast with the logistics model ( [9, 10, 11] ) to predict the final size of coronavirus epidemy, for community cases in Senegal. abstract: In this article, we analyze the spread of cases resulting from community transmission of COVID-19 in Senegal in order to identify statistical associations. The identification and knowledge of the factors associated with this community transmission can be a decision support tool to limit the spread of the disease. We estimate parameters and evaluate the growth factor, community rate, weekly increase and daily difference, and make forecasting to help on how to find concrete actions to control the situation. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.02766v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-332086-hnn00byf author: Dolgikh, S. title: Identifying Explosive Cases with Unsupervised Machine Learning date: 2020-05-22 words: 2670.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332086-hnn00byf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332086-hnn00byf.txt summary: An analysis of a combined dataset of Wave 1 and 2 cases, aligned at approximately Local Time Zero + 2 months with unsupervised machine learning methods such as PCA and deep autoencoder dimensionality reduction allows to clearly separate milder background cases from those with more rapid and aggressive onset of the epidemics. The methodology is based on processing the input data expressed as a set of observable parameters that were identified and described in the study with unsupervised machine learning methods to identify and extract a smaller set of the most informative components. In many cases, evaluating distributions of data in the representations of informative components such as principal components in PCA or dimensionality reduction with neural network autoencoder models allows to identify and separate classes in the data by essential characteristics that can be linked to the outcome. abstract: An analysis of a combined dataset of Wave 1 and 2 cases, aligned at approximately Local Time Zero + 2 months with unsupervised machine learning methods such as PCA and deep autoencoder dimensionality reduction allows to clearly separate milder background cases from those with more rapid and aggressive onset of the epidemics. The analysis and findings of the study can be used in evaluation of possible epidemiological scenarios and as an effective modeling tool to design corrective and preventative measures to avoid developments with potentially heavy impact. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.17.20104661 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.17.20104661 id: cord-264486-o01s0upf author: Du, Wenjun title: Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children compared with adults in Shandong Province, China date: 2020-04-16 words: 3160.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264486-o01s0upf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264486-o01s0upf.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children compared with adults in Shandong Province, China We reported on the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of children cases to help health workers better understand and provide timely diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Retrospectively, two research centers'' case series of 67 consecutive hospitalized cases including 53 adult and 14 children cases with COVID-19 between 23 Jan 2020 and 15 Feb 2020 from Jinan and Rizhao were enrolled in this study. Laboratory tests and chest computed tomographic (CT) scans were also evaluated and the results suggested that decreased lymphocyte counts and bilateral pneumonia were common clinical features, especially in severe cases [7, 8] . In this study, we analyzed and compared the epidemic characteristics and clinical features in children and adults in Shandong Province, China. This is because a lower inflammatory response to lung injuries causes milder clinical symptoms in children compared with adults. abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 outbreak spread in China and is a threat to the world. We reported on the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of children cases to help health workers better understand and provide timely diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Retrospectively, two research centers’ case series of 67 consecutive hospitalized cases including 53 adult and 14 children cases with COVID-19 between 23 Jan 2020 and 15 Feb 2020 from Jinan and Rizhao were enrolled in this study. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of children and adults were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Most cases in children were mild (21.4%) and conventional cases (78.6%), with mild clinical signs and symptoms, and all cases were of family clusters. Fever (35.7%) and dry cough (21.4%) were described as clinical manifestations in children cases. Dry cough and phlegm were not the most common symptoms in children compared with adults (p = 0.03). In the early stages of the disease, lymphocyte counts did not significantly decline but neutrophils count did in children compared with adults (p = 0.02). There was a lower level of CRP (p = 0.00) in children compared with adults. There were 8 (57.1%) asymptomatic cases and 6 (42.9%) symptomatic cases among the 14 children cases. The age of asymptomatic patients was younger than that of symptomatic patients (p = 0.03). Even among asymptomatic patients, 5 (62.5%) cases had lung injuries including 3 (60%) cases with bilateral involvement, which was not different compared with that of symptomatic cases (p = 0.58, p = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical symptoms of children are mild, there is substantial lung injury even among children, but that there is less clinical disease, perhaps because of a less pronounced inflammatory response, and that the occurrence of this pattern appears to inversely correlate with age. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01427-2 doi: 10.1007/s15010-020-01427-2 id: cord-298626-duvzwxv0 author: Džiugys, Algis title: Simplified model of Covid-19 epidemic prognosis under quarantine and estimation of quarantine effectiveness date: 2020-07-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: A simplified model of Covid-19 epidemic dynamics under quarantine conditions and method to estimate quarantine effectiveness are developed. The model is based on the daily growth rate of new infections when total number of infections is significantly smaller than population size of infected country or region. The model is developed on the basis of collected epidemiological data of Covid19 pandemic, which shows that the daily growth rate of new infections has tendency to decrease linearly when the quarantine is imposed in a country (or a region) until it reaches a constant value, which corresponds to the effectiveness of quarantine measures taken in the country. The daily growth rate of new infections can be used as criteria to estimate quarantine effectiveness. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960077920305580 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110162 id: cord-103711-tnw82hbm author: Einian, Majid title: Modeling of COVID-19 Pandemic and Scenarios for Containment date: 2020-03-30 words: 3868.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-103711-tnw82hbm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-103711-tnw82hbm.txt summary: This note evaluates various scenarios, based on an estimation of number of identified and unidentified infected cases, and examines the effectiveness of different policy responses to contain this pandemic. Iran initially refused to quarantine the holy city of Qom, the source city of COVID-19 in Iran, and let the virus spread all over the country, and in a matter of a few weeks, all cities reported new cases of infected patients. Although the model is estimated for Iran, many countries are in similar stages of the pandemic or soon will be in the same stage and therefore, based on the results, extreme measures need to be adopted to save lives and stop further spread of the virus. is the (which was not peer-reviewed) The copyright holder for this preprint Figure 10 : Ending the shelter-in-place policy 30-days after the peak of scenario (v), assuming that intensive testing continues and social interaction diminishes by 25 percent. abstract: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the global health and world's economy have been profound and unseen since the Spanish flu of 1918-19. As of now, many countries have been severely affected, partly because of slow responses to the crisis, ill-preparedness of their health system, and the fragile health infrastructure and the shortage of protective equipment. This note evaluates various scenarios, based on an estimation of number of identified and unidentified infected cases, and examines the effectiveness of different policy responses to contain this pandemic. Our result, based on an estimation of the model for Iran, show that in many instances the number of unidentified cases, including asymptomatic individuals, could be much bigger than the reported numbers. The results confirm that in such circumstances, social distancing alone cannot be an effective policy unless a large portion of the population confine themselves for an extended period of time, which is not only difficult to implement, but it could also prove extremely costly and damaging to the economy. An alternative policy, this note argues, is to couple effective social distancing with extensive testing, even to those who are asymptomatic, and isolate the identified cases actively. Otherwise, many lives will be lost, and the health system will collapse, adding to the ongoing economic troubles that many countries have started to encounter. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.27.20045849 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.27.20045849 id: cord-303657-o66rchhw author: El Qadmiry, M. title: On the true numbers of COVID-19 infections: behind the available data date: 2020-05-28 words: 2755.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303657-o66rchhw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303657-o66rchhw.txt summary: Among the concerned information, there are the incubation period [1, 2] , the reproduction number [3] , mortality rate [4] , and the asymptomatic proportion as in [5] , where was used the data of the Diamond Princess cruise ship; which means that the study is done on a closed population, a fact that is worthy to mention. Our aim in this work is to approach the true number of infected cases, and to develop an analytical method in order to allow the simulation of different scenarios that can occur if we modify the underlying variables of two special 1 medkadmiri@hotmail.fr 2 hassanfa@yahoo.com 3 y-hassou@fsr.ac.ma probabilistic functions. Let us denote this distribution function by Pd(t) -(d)-subscript as detected, and "t" as time representing days since infection-and write its explicit expression in the following manner: To do so, every time tn= n-days, we recalculate the numbers of infected and detected cases, where t0 = 0 is the moment of illness onset for the entire population. abstract: In December-2019 China reported several cases of a novel coronavirus later called COVID-19. In this work, we will use a probabilistic method for approximating the true daily numbers of infected. Based on two distribution functions to describe the spontaneous recovered cases on the one hand and the detected cases on the other hand. The impact of the underlying variables of these functions is discussed. The detected rate is predicted to be between 5.3% and 10,8%, which means that there would be about 38 million infected until now (10-May 2020), rather than the officially declared number of 3.99 million worldwide cases. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.26.20114074v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20114074 id: cord-260180-kojb8efv author: Elsoukkary, Sarah S. title: Autopsy Findings in 32 Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Institution Experience date: 2020-09-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019. This virus rapidly spread around the world causing disease ranging from minimal symptoms to severe pneumonia, which was termed coronavirus disease (i.e., COVID). Postmortem examination is a valuable tool for studying the pathobiology of this new infection. METHODS: We report the clinicopathologic findings from 32 autopsy studies conducted on patients who died of COVID-19 including routine gross and microscopic examination with applicable special and immunohistochemical staining techniques. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by nasopharyngeal RT-PCR in 31 cases (97%) and by immunohistochemical staining for SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein in the lung in the remaining 1 case (3%). The ethnically diverse cohort consisted of 22 males and 10 females with a mean age of 68 years (range: 30–100). Patients most commonly presented with cough (17 [55%]), shortness of breath (26 [81%]), and a low-grade fever (17 [55%]). Thirty-one (97%) of the patients had at least 1 comorbidity (mean = 4). Twenty-eight patients (88%) had widespread thromboembolic disease, as well as diffuse alveolar damage (30 [94%]), diabetic nephropathy (17 [57%]) and acute tubular injury. Patterns of liver injury were heterogeneous, featuring 10 (36%) with frequent large basophilic structures in sinusoidal endothelium, and increased immunoblast-like cells in lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: This series of autopsies from patients with COVID-19 confirms the observation that the majority of severely affected patients have significant pulmonary pathology. However, many patients also have widespread microscopic thromboses, as well as characteristic findings in the liver and lymph nodes. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000511325 doi: 10.1159/000511325 id: cord-314211-tv1nhojk author: Eltoukhy, Abdelrahman E. E. title: Data Analytics for Predicting COVID-19 Cases in Top Affected Countries: Observations and Recommendations date: 2020-09-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has adversely affected many countries in the world. The unexpected large number of COVID-19 cases has disrupted the healthcare system in many countries and resulted in a shortage of bed spaces in the hospitals. Consequently, predicting the number of COVID-19 cases is imperative for governments to take appropriate actions. The number of COVID-19 cases can be accurately predicted by considering historical data of reported cases alongside some external factors that affect the spread of the virus. In the literature, most of the existing prediction methods focus only on the historical data and overlook most of the external factors. Hence, the number of COVID-19 cases is inaccurately predicted. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to simultaneously consider historical data and the external factors. This can be accomplished by adopting data analytics, which include developing a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous input (NARX) neural network-based algorithm. The viability and superiority of the developed algorithm are demonstrated by conducting experiments using data collected for top five affected countries in each continent. The results show an improved accuracy when compared with existing methods. Moreover, the experiments are extended to make future prediction for the number of patients afflicted with COVID-19 during the period from August 2020 until September 2020. By using such predictions, both the government and people in the affected countries can take appropriate measures to resume pre-epidemic activities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32992643/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197080 id: cord-321104-0rk1ef53 author: Etchenique, R. title: Estimate of the actual number of COVID-19 cases from the analysis of deaths. date: 2020-09-23 words: 3385.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321104-0rk1ef53.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321104-0rk1ef53.txt summary: Using the calculated values for the Infection Fatality Rate (IFR) of COVID-19 it is possible to estimate the prevalence of cases of infection in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, throughout the pandemic. By having the fraction of IgG positive in each age range, and the data on deaths due to COVID-19, which are more reliable than confirmed cases (despite possible undercounts, vide infra) it is possible to determine the Infection-Fatality Ratio (IFR) for each age range. Although this number of estimated actual infections can be entered in a single day, in that case the temporary values obtained will be noisy, especially for the age ranges of lower IFR. Using the loglinear expression for the corrected IFR, the prevalence values of Figure 11b are obtained, more in accordance with the observed slope in cases and death curves. b) Accumulated prevalence at 31/8/2020 in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires according to age range, estimated from IFR values using excess deaths values. abstract: Using the calculated values for the Infection Fatality Rate (IFR) of COVID-19 it is possible to estimate the prevalence of cases of infection in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, throughout the pandemic. The use of confirmed cases as a metric and their replacement by more reliable parameters such as death figures are discussed. The results are analyzed according to age ranges and possible sources of error in the estimates are established. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.21.20198416 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.21.20198416 id: cord-008686-9ybxuy00 author: Everett, Tom title: Poor transmission of seasonal cold viruses in a British Antarctic Survey base date: 2019-03-14 words: 6924.0 sentences: 362.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt txt: ./txt/cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt summary: However, in the acute infection stage respiratory viruses are generally present in relatively high copy numbers, with median values of mostly 4-8 log 10 (i.e. 10,0 0 0-10 0,0 0 0,0 0 0 copies/ml) for adeno-, corona-, hMPV, influenza, PIV and RSV, as reported in one comprehensive paediatric study. 2 A 26-year-old male ( index case of the outbreak report 2 ) from Kerala''s Perambra town died undiagnosed with fever, en-cephalitis and respiratory distress in Government Medical College Kozhikode(GMCK), after being transferred from Taluk Hospital, Perambra(THP). 6 Along with the wound cleansing and post-exposure rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) and vaccination, any risk of SHBV requires that high dose acyclovir (preferably valaciclovir 1 g TDS PO; or acyclovir 800 mg 5 times daily PO, for adults) PEP for at least 14 days should be considered. After the first dengue-fever epidemic in China, which occurred in May 1978 in Foshan, Guangdong Province, there have been regional outbreaks of dengue every year and the number of cases has increased. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133657/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.03.007 id: cord-002426-5e1xn7kj author: Falcón-Lezama, Jorge Abelardo title: Analysis of spatial mobility in subjects from a Dengue endemic urban locality in Morelos State, Mexico date: 2017-02-22 words: 5944.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.txt summary: MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a cohort-nested, case-control study with 126 individuals (42 cases, 42 intradomestic controls and 42 population controls) with the goal of describing human mobility patterns of recently Dengue virus-infected subjects, and comparing them with those of non-infected subjects living in an urban endemic locality. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study show that human mobility in a small urban setting exceeded that considered by local health authority''s administrative limits, and was different between recently infected and non-infected subjects living in the same household. These observations provide important insights about the role that human mobility may have in Dengue virus transmission and persistence across endemic geographic areas that need to be taken into account when planning preventive and control measures. Sample: 126 individuals (42 cases, 42 intradomestic controls and 42 population controls) with age older than 12, and residents in Axochiapan, Morelos State, México, were selected from the cohort "Peridomestic infection as determinant for Dengue virus transmission" [13] . abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mathematical models and field data suggest that human mobility is an important driver for Dengue virus transmission. Nonetheless little is known on this matter due the lack of instruments for precise mobility quantification and study design difficulties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a cohort-nested, case-control study with 126 individuals (42 cases, 42 intradomestic controls and 42 population controls) with the goal of describing human mobility patterns of recently Dengue virus-infected subjects, and comparing them with those of non-infected subjects living in an urban endemic locality. Mobility was quantified using a GPS-data logger registering waypoints at 60-second intervals for a minimum of 15 natural days. RESULTS: Although absolute displacement was highly biased towards the intradomestic and peridomestic areas, occasional displacements exceeding a 100-Km radius from the center of the studied locality were recorded for all three study groups and individual displacements were recorded traveling across six states from central Mexico. Additionally, cases had a larger number of visits out of the municipality´s administrative limits when compared to intradomestic controls (cases: 10.4 versus intradomestic controls: 2.9, p = 0.0282). We were able to identify extradomestic places within and out of the locality that were independently visited by apparently non-related infected subjects, consistent with houses, working and leisure places. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study show that human mobility in a small urban setting exceeded that considered by local health authority’s administrative limits, and was different between recently infected and non-infected subjects living in the same household. These observations provide important insights about the role that human mobility may have in Dengue virus transmission and persistence across endemic geographic areas that need to be taken into account when planning preventive and control measures. Finally, these results are a valuable reference when setting the parameters for future mathematical modeling studies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5321279/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172313 id: cord-288389-z0sz1msj author: Fanoy, Ewout B title: Travel-related MERS-CoV cases: an assessment of exposures and risk factors in a group of Dutch travellers returning from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, May 2014 date: 2014-10-17 words: 2974.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288389-z0sz1msj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288389-z0sz1msj.txt summary: title: Travel-related MERS-CoV cases: an assessment of exposures and risk factors in a group of Dutch travellers returning from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, May 2014 BACKGROUND: In May 2014, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, with closely related viral genomes, was diagnosed in two Dutch residents, returning from a pilgrimage to Medina and Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: All travellers, including the two cases, completed a questionnaire focussing on potential human, animal and food exposures to MERS-CoV. Exposure to MERS-CoV during a hospital visit is considered a likely source of infection for Case 1 but not for Case 2. Investigation of an imported case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in two returning travellers in the Netherlands World Health Organization: Case-Control Study to Assess Potential Risk Factors Related to Human Illness Caused by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) abstract: BACKGROUND: In May 2014, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, with closely related viral genomes, was diagnosed in two Dutch residents, returning from a pilgrimage to Medina and Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). These patients travelled with a group of 29 other Dutch travellers. We conducted an epidemiological assessment of the travel group to identify likely source(s) of infection and presence of potential risk factors. METHODS: All travellers, including the two cases, completed a questionnaire focussing on potential human, animal and food exposures to MERS-CoV. The questionnaire was modified from the WHO MERS-CoV questionnaire, taking into account the specific route and activities of the travel group. RESULTS: Twelve non-cases drank unpasteurized camel milk and had contact with camels. Most travellers, including one of the two patients (Case 1), visited local markets, where six of them consumed fruits. Two travellers, including Case 1, were exposed to coughing patients when visiting a hospital in Medina. Four travellers, including Case 1, visited two hospitals in Mecca. All travellers had been in contact with Case 1 while he was sick, with initially non-respiratory complaints. The cases were found to be older than the other travellers and both had co-morbidities. CONCLUSIONS: This epidemiological study revealed the complexity of MERS-CoV outbreak investigations with multiple potential exposures to MERS-CoV reported such as healthcare visits, camel exposure, and exposure to untreated food products. Exposure to MERS-CoV during a hospital visit is considered a likely source of infection for Case 1 but not for Case 2. For Case 2, the most likely source could not be determined. Exposure to MERS-CoV via direct contact with animals or dairy products seems unlikely for the two Dutch cases. Furthermore, exposure to a common but still unidentified source cannot be ruled out. More comprehensive research into sources of infection in the Arabian Peninsula is needed to strengthen and specify the prevention of MERS-CoV infections. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25328533/ doi: 10.1186/1742-7622-11-16 id: cord-339009-wcoch07b author: File, Thomas M. title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Pertinent Clinical Characteristics and Therapy date: 2012-08-23 words: 6023.0 sentences: 324.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339009-wcoch07b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339009-wcoch07b.txt summary: Because the causative agent of SARS is • one or more clinical findings of respiratory illness (e.g. cough, contagious, preventative measures focus on avoidance of exposhortness of breath, difficulty in breathing, or hypoxia) sure, and infection control strategies for suspected patients and • travel within 10 days of onset of symptoms to an area with contacts. [12] Of the reported cases was updated to include laboratory criteria for evidence of infection 64% were from China, 19% from Hong Kong, 8% from Taiwan, with the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Algorithm for evaluating and managing patients requiring hospitalization for radiographically confirmed pneumonia, in the absence of person-toperson transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) anywhere in the world. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged infection that is caused by a previously unrecognized virus–a novel coronavirus designated as SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). From November 2002 to July 2003 the cumulative number of worldwide cases was >8000, with a mortality rate of close to 10%. The mortality has been higher in older patients and those with co-morbidities. SARS has been defined using clinical and epidemiological criteria and cases are considered laboratory-confirmed if SARS coronavirus is isolated, if antibody to SARS coronavirus is detected, or a polymerase chain reaction test by appropriate criteria is positive. At the time of writing (24 May 2004), no specific therapy has been recommended. A variety of treatments have been attempted, but there are no controlled data. Most patients have been treated throughout the illness with broad-spectrum antimicrobials, supplemental oxygen, intravenous fluids, and other supportive measures. Transmission of SARS is facilitated by close contact with patients with symptomatic infection. The majority of cases have been reported among healthcare providers and family members of SARS patients. Since SARS-CoV is contagious, measures for prevention center on avoidance of exposure, and infection control strategies for suspected cases and contacts. This includes standard precautions (hand hygiene), contact precautions (gowns, goggles, gloves) and airborne precautions (negative pressure rooms and high efficiency masks). In light of reports of new cases identified during the winter of 2003–4 in China, it seems possible that SARS will be an important cause of pneumonia in the future, and the screening of outpatients at risk for SARS may become part of the pneumonia evaluation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15813661/ doi: 10.2165/00151829-200504020-00003 id: cord-016290-l592k753 author: Finke, Jürgen title: Hematology and Hemostasis date: 2008 words: 11717.0 sentences: 1308.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016290-l592k753.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016290-l592k753.txt summary: In patients previously exposed to heparin (< 100 days), reoccurrence within hours • Severe thrombocytopenia (platelets < 100,000/µl), median platelet count approximately 60,000/µl, rarely < 20,000/µl or decreased to < 50% of the initial count; worsening of thrombocytopenia if heparin treatment is continued • Thromboembolic complications up to 40 days after heparin administration • IgG antibodies mostly against the platelet factor 4 (PF4)-heparin complex → Immune complex formation → Platelet activation due to binding of the immune complex to the Fc receptor (Fcγ RIIA), PF4 release → Platelet aggregation, endothelial cell damage, thrombin activation → Thromboembolic complications ("white clot syndrome") Clinical relevance: HIT type II: • Main symptom: thrombophilia, not hemorrhage • Warning signs: exanthema or necrosis at injection site • High incidence (up to 53%) of venous and arterial thrombosis, renal dysfunction, pulmonary embolism, infarction (complications may occur weeks after discontinuation of heparin) abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120532/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-73277-8_6 id: cord-312267-0tb08b0z author: Freitas, A. S. title: New S.I.R. model used in the projection of COVID 19 cases in Brazil date: 2020-05-01 words: 4577.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312267-0tb08b0z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312267-0tb08b0z.txt summary: The model presented here describes with reasonable agreement the number of COVID-19 cases registered in Brazil between February 26 and April 25, 2020 based on the hypothesis that there a large number no notified cases (11 to 1) and variation in contagion rate according to social isolation measures and greater or lesser exposure to the virus (highest rate in beginning from epidemic). . Fig. 1 shows the behavior of the curves of infected and exposed individuals (that still didn''t contract the disease) in function time, in agreement with the model proposed in this wo qualitative way, however there is slight dependence between the date which the peak of infection occurs and total percentage of infected (number of accumulated cases) at the peak of infection: the larger infected and if the total number of infected is greater (especially in the epidemic peak), the impact on health system is considerably greater (taking into account the same rate of contagion in two cases) . abstract: In this work, we proposed a variant of the SIR model, taking as based on models used to describe the epidemic outbreak in South Korea and Portugal, to study the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic curve in Brazil. The model presented here describes with reasonable agreement the number of COVID-19 cases registered in Brazil between February 26 and April 25, 2020 based on the hypothesis that there a large number no notified cases (11 to 1) and variation in contagion rate according to social isolation measures and greater or lesser exposure to the virus (highest rate in beginning from epidemic). To this end, we introduced an exposure factor, called {beta}1/{beta}2, which allows us to describe the influence of factors such as social isolation on dispersal from disease. The results also corroborate a phenomenon observed in countries that registered a high growth in cases in short period of time, to example of Italy, Spain and USA: if isolation measures are imposed late, the total number of cases explodes when the epidemic is approaching from peak, which implies a higher exposure rate in the first days of case registration. The model also predicts that the peak epidemic outbreak in Brazil, based on the number of cases, will occur around May 20, 2020. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.26.20080218v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.26.20080218 id: cord-314368-p5ecpcll author: Fu, Haiyan title: Analysis on the Clinical Characteristics of 36 Cases of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Kunming date: 2020-03-01 words: 2557.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314368-p5ecpcll.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314368-p5ecpcll.txt summary: Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Kunming City, and to study the correlation between nutritional status and immune function. The changes of lymphocyte absolute value and hypersensitive c-reactive protein in patients with the common and mild cases of the new coronavirus pneumonia are not as evident as those in the severe and critical cases, which can be easily ignored during clinical observation. Our study suggests that patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia experience a decrease in t-cell subsets on admission, and in combination with clinical typing, we speculate that immune function may be suppressed or impaired in the early stage of the disease. abstract: Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Kunming City, and to study the correlation between nutritional status and immune function. Methods: Clinical data of 36 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in isolation area of Kunming Third People's Hospital from January 31 to February 15, 2020 were collected, and the basic situation, clinical characteristics, laboratory examination and CT imaging characteristics were analyzed. Serum albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB), hypersensitive c-reactive protein (hs-crp), CD3T cells, CD4T cells, CD8T cells and normal control group were analyzed. A simple linear regression analysis of the relationship between proalbumin and T cell subpopulation counts in the blood of patients. Results: (1) The patients with new coronavirus pneumonia in Kunming were mainly of common type. (2) 50% of the patients' first symptoms were fever and cough; (3) The total number of white blood cells in peripheral blood was normal or decreased in 23 cases (79%), and the lymphocyte count decreased in 5 cases (13.89%), without anemia. Hypersensitive c-reactive protein increased in 19 (52.78%) cases, and procalcitonin increased in 1 case. Albumin decreased in 5 cases (13.89%), proalbumin decreased in 15 cases (41.67%), alanine transaminase increased slightly in 4 cases (11.11%), alanine transaminase increased slightly in 4 cases (11.11%), total bilirubin increased slightly in 11 cases (30.56%), and renal function and blood coagulation were normal. Absolute value of CD3+T cells is with a decrease in 21 cases (58.3%), CD4+T in 28 cases (77.8%), CD8+T in 17 cases (47.2%), and CD4+/ CD8+ inverse in 6 cases (16.7%). (4) The prealbumin, CD3 T cells, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells in the new coronavirus pneumonia group were significantly lower than those in the normal control group, and the hypersensitive c-reactive protein was higher than that in the normal control group. (5) The levels of PAB in the serum of the patients were linearly correlated with hs-crp, CD3 T cells, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells, and the correlation coefficients were -0.474, 0.558, 0.467 and 0.613, respectively, showing statistical differences. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in Kunming are different from those in Wuhan. The changes of serum proalbumin and T cell subsets are relatively obvious. Changes in serum proalbumin may contribute to the early warning of novel coronavirus pneumonia. The nutritional status of patients with common and mild pneumonia should be considered. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.28.20029173 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.28.20029173 id: cord-317451-gv9q7sf1 author: Fukada, Ai title: Presepsin as a predictive biomarker of severity in COVID‐19: a case series date: 2020-06-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) present clear criteria, including respiratory rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO(2)), and oxygenation indicator (PaO(2)/FiO(2))(1). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32530491/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26164 id: cord-314634-udtoutew author: Furuse, Yuki title: Clusters of Coronavirus Disease in Communities, Japan, January–April 2020 date: 2020-09-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: We analyzed 3,184 cases of coronavirus disease in Japan and identified 61 case-clusters in healthcare and other care facilities, restaurants and bars, workplaces, and music events. We also identified 22 probable primary case-patients for the clusters; most were 20–39 years of age and presymptomatic or asymptomatic at virus transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2609.202272 doi: 10.3201/eid2609.202272 id: cord-261256-iwdusvrw author: Gandolfi, Alberto title: Planning of school teaching during Covid-19 date: 2020-10-01 words: 8612.0 sentences: 417.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261256-iwdusvrw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261256-iwdusvrw.txt summary: The key differences with the usual SEIR model [14] are: an external source of infection [15] , [19] , the possibility of transmission limited to 7 hours per working day; a control indicating from the start whether, for each day, schools are open or closed; and the presence of asymptomatic individuals. As benchmark cases we consider the full closure and the complete opening of the school, which is to say, the two most extreme choices of a fully remote teaching or regular 7 hours a day in-class activities for the whole year. In addition, we indicate of each parameter the range of values for which the optimal solution achieves a substantial reduction with respect to complete opening, but limited to determining at most an 100% increase in the number of cases with respect to school closure. abstract: Learning and education are two of the biggest world issues of the current pandemic. Unfortunately, it is seen in this work that, due to the length of the incubation period of Covid-19, full opening of schools in the Fall of 2020 seems to be impractical unless the spread of the virus is completely under control in the surrounding region (e.g. with fewer than 5 active cases every million people). In order to support the possibility of some in-person learning, we model the diffusion of the epidemic within each single school by a SEAIR model with an external source of infection and a suitable loss function, and then evaluate sustainable opening plans. It turns out that blended models, with almost periodic alternations of in-class and remote teaching days or weeks, are generally (close to) optimal. In a prototypical example, the optimal strategy prescribes a school opening of 90 days out of 200 with the number of Covid-19 cases among the individuals related to the school increasing by about 71%, instead of the about 390% increase that would have been a consequence of full opening. As clinical fraction is low in children, these solutions could lead to very few or no symptomatic cases within the school during the whole school year. Using the density of active cases as a proxy for the number of pre- and asymptomatic, we get an indication for each country of whether either full opening, or blended opening with frequent testing, or no school opening at all, are advisable. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024345/ doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2020.132753 id: cord-323074-u3bs5sj0 author: Garcia, L. P. title: ESTIMATING UNDERDIAGNOSIS OF COVID-19 WITH NOWCASTING AND MACHINE LEARNING: EXPERIENCE FROM BRAZIL date: 2020-07-02 words: 3795.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.txt summary: This study aimed to analyze the underdiagnosis of COVID-19, through nowcasting with machine learning, in a South of Brazil capital. To analyze the underdiagnosis, we compared the difference between the data without nowcasting and the median of the nowcasted projections for the entire period and for the six days from the date of onset of symptoms to diagnosis at the moment of data extraction. To help overcome this challenge, the present study aimed to analyze the underdiagnosis of COVID-19 cases, through nowcasting with machine learning, in a South of Brazil capital city. The following variables were extracted from anonymized database of suspected and confirmed cases: i) diagnostic (confirmed, discarded or missing), ii) sex, iii) age (in years), The number of infected people (with a positive diagnosis and less than 14 days of symptom onset) and the rate of infected people per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated for the health regions where each notified person resides. abstract: Background: Brazil has the second largest COVID-19 number of cases, worldly. Even so, underdiagnosis in the country is massive. Nowcasting techniques have helped to overcome the underdiagnosis. Recent advances in machine learning techniques offer opportunities to refine the nowcasting. This study aimed to analyze the underdiagnosis of COVID-19, through nowcasting with machine learning, in a South of Brazil capital. Methods: The study has an observational ecological design. It used data from 3916 notified cases of COVID-19, from April 14th to June 02nd, 2020, in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. We used machine-learning algorithm to classify cases which had no diagnosis yet, producing the nowcast. To analyze the underdiagnosis, we compared the difference between the data without nowcasting and the median of the nowcasted projections for the entire period and for the six days from the date of onset of symptoms to diagnosis at the moment of data extraction. Results: The number of new cases throughout the entire period, without nowcasting, was 389. With nowcasting, it was 694 (UI95 496-897,025). At the six days period, the number without nowcasting was 19 and 104 (95% UI 60-142) with. The underdiagnosis was 37.29% in the entire period and 81.73% at the six days period. Conclusions: The underdiagnosis was more critical in six days from the date of onset of symptoms to diagnosis before the data collection than in the entire period. The use of nowcasting with machine learning techniques can help to estimate the number of new cases of the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.01.20144402 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.01.20144402 id: cord-301299-flb5wwzg author: García, Inés Suárez title: SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in a hospital in Madrid, Spain date: 2020-07-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) between February 24(th) to April 30(th), 2020 in a hospital in Madrid, Spain. METHODS: We designed a retrospective cohort study. Cumulative COVID-19 incidence was calculated for all HCWs and categorized according to presumed level of COVID-19 exposure (high, medium and low). RESULTS: Among 1,911 HCW, 213 (11.1%) had COVID-19 during the study period. Cases increased gradually from March 8(th), peaking in March 17(th) and declining thereafter. The peak of cases among HCWs was reached 14 days before the peak in admitted COVID-19 cases in the hospital. There were no significant differences in the proportion of COVID-19 cases according to level of occupational exposure (p=0.123). There were 5 departments and 2 professions in which more than 20% of the workers had confirmed COVID-19. We identified temporal clusters in three of these departments and one profession, with most of the cases occurring over a period of less than 5 days. The prevalence of comorbidities was low and 91.5% of patients had mild or moderate symptoms. Eleven patients were admitted to the hospital and 1 patient needed intensive care. None of the patients died. The median time of sick leave was 20 (IQR: 15 – 26) days. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that HCW-to-HCW transmission accounted for part of the cases. In spite of a low prevalence of comorbidities and a mild clinical course in most cases, COVID-19 caused long periods of sick leave. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0195670120303510 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.020 id: cord-347248-6scdvu1d author: Ge, Yang title: Estimation of Coronavirus Disease Case-Fatality Risk in Real Time date: 2020-08-17 words: 740.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347248-6scdvu1d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347248-6scdvu1d.txt summary: title: Estimation of Coronavirus Disease Case-Fatality Risk in Real Time We ran a simulation comparing 3 methods to calculate case-fatality risk for coronavirus disease using parameters described in previous studies. When comparing real-time case-fatality risk, the current trajectory of the epidemic should be considered. In their analyses, the authors estimated the case-fatality risk adjusted to a fixed lag time to death. Progression of coronavirus disease outbreak and changes in the case-fatality risk by crude and adjusted rates. When comparing real-time estimation of the case-fatality risk across countries and regions, our results indicate that the current trajectory of the epidemic should be considered, particularly if the epidemic is still in its early growth phase. Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China Estimating risk for death from 2019 novel coronavirus disease, China abstract: We ran a simulation comparing 3 methods to calculate case-fatality risk for coronavirus disease using parameters described in previous studies. Case-fatality risk calculated from these methods all are biased at the early stage of the epidemic. When comparing real-time case-fatality risk, the current trajectory of the epidemic should be considered. url: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2608.201096 doi: 10.3201/eid2608.201096 id: cord-282561-t1edr9gp author: Gershengorn, Hayley B. title: Pre-Procedural Screening for COVID-19 with Nasopharyngeal Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing date: 2020-08-15 words: 861.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282561-t1edr9gp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282561-t1edr9gp.txt summary: title: Pre-Procedural Screening for COVID-19 with Nasopharyngeal Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing Our cohort consisted of 4,176 cases (3,804 patients In sum, we found that very few (1 in 220) cases had a positive COVID-19 PCR within 7 days preprocedure; this rate was substantially lower (1 in 442) if testing was specifically for "pre-procedural" We were unable to reliably assess the indication for COVID-19 testing in all cases; however, ineffectively excluding symptomatic patients likely biases us towards overestimating screening positivity rates. And, as we learn more about the incubation period, risk of asymptomatic transmission, and exposure potential of COVID-19, it will be important to reconsider policies advocating for testing every patient pre-procedurally, even once. Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32859362/ doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.08.011 id: cord-351941-fgtatt40 author: Ghaffarzadegan, Navid title: Simulation‐based estimation of the early spread of COVID‐19 in Iran: actual versus confirmed cases date: 2020-07-06 words: 9174.0 sentences: 452.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351941-fgtatt40.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351941-fgtatt40.txt summary: Estimates using data up to March 20th, 2020, point to 916,000 (90% UI: 508 K, 1.5 M) cumulative cases and 15,485 (90% UI: 8.4 K, 25.8 K) total deaths, numbers an order of magnitude higher than official statistics. The current paper focuses on using a standard dynamic epidemiological model as a tool for incorporating various sources of data into a unified estimation of the actual trajectory of disease, applying the method to COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. We also use unofficial data points including four observations about the number of Iranian passengers diagnosed with COVID-19 upon arrival in international airports, and three estimates aggregated by healthcare providers in Iran and reported by BBC and Iran International news agencies about total cases of death from COVID-19. We define a likelihood function for change over time (net-inflow) of official reports on cumulative death, recovered and infection assuming they are count events drawn from model-predicted rates (Poisson distribution). abstract: Understanding the state of the COVID‐19 pandemic relies on infection and mortality data. Yet official data may underestimate the actual cases due to limited symptoms and testing capacity. We offer a simulation‐based approach which combines various sources of data to estimate the magnitude of outbreak. Early in the epidemic we applied the method to Iran's case, an epicenter of the pandemic in winter 2020. Estimates using data up to March 20th, 2020, point to 916,000 (90% UI: 508 K, 1.5 M) cumulative cases and 15,485 (90% UI: 8.4 K, 25.8 K) total deaths, numbers an order of magnitude higher than official statistics. Our projections suggest that absent strong sustaining of contact reductions the epidemic may resurface. We also use data and studies from the succeeding months to reflect on the quality of original estimates. Our proposed approach can be used for similar cases elsewhere to provide a more accurate, early, estimate of outbreak state. © 2020 System Dynamics Society url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834468/ doi: 10.1002/sdr.1655 id: cord-272956-0yumc7em author: Gnavi, Roberto title: Therapy With Agents Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin System and Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection date: 2020-05-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Exposure to agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system was not associated with a risk increase of COVID-19 infection in 2 Italian matched case-control studies, 1 nested in hypertensive patients and the other in patients with cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa634 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa634 id: cord-338830-h2nrw374 author: Gong, Xiaohuan title: Three infection clusters related with potential pre-symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Shanghai, China, January to February 2020 date: 2020-08-20 words: 4592.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338830-h2nrw374.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338830-h2nrw374.txt summary: Investigators interviewed suspected COVID-19 cases to collect epidemiological information, including demographic characteristics, illness onset, hospital visits, close contacts, activities'' trajectories between 14 days before illness onset and isolation, and exposure histories. On 1 February 2020, another hospital in Shanghai reported one suspected COVID-19 case and six of their close contacts to the local district CDC; four of the close contacts tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by realtime reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction (rRT-PCR), 1-2 days later (Cluster 2). Investigators interviewed COVID-19 cases, close contacts and healthcare workers directly (face-to-face or over the phone) to collect epidemiological information including demographic characteristics, date of illness onset, hospital visits, close contacts, activities'' trajectories between 14 days before illness onset and isolation and exposure histories (i.e. travel to or living in Wuhan or Hubei Province, visiting any other area with local sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2, contact with persons with respiratory symptoms, contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases). abstract: We report three clusters related with potential pre-symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) between January and February 2020 in Shanghai, China. Investigators interviewed suspected COVID-19 cases to collect epidemiological information, including demographic characteristics, illness onset, hospital visits, close contacts, activities’ trajectories between 14 days before illness onset and isolation, and exposure histories. Respiratory specimens of suspected cases were collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay. The interval between the onset of illness in the primary case and the last contact of the secondary case with the primary case in our report was 1 to 7 days. In Cluster 1 (five cases), illness onset in the five secondary cases was 2 to 5 days after the last contact with the primary case. In Cluster 2 (five cases) and Cluster 3 (four cases), the illness onset in secondary cases occurred prior to or on the same day as the onset in the primary cases. The study provides empirical evidence for transmission of COVID-19 during the incubation period and indicates that pre-symptomatic person-to-person transmission can occur following sufficient exposure to confirmed COVID-19 cases. The potential pre-symptomatic person-to-person transmission puts forward higher requirements for prevention and control measures. url: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.33.2000228 doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.33.2000228 id: cord-322525-22bt6zv8 author: Gorges, Rebecca J. title: Staffing Levels and COVID‐19 Cases and Outbreaks in US Nursing Homes date: 2020-08-08 words: 2567.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322525-22bt6zv8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322525-22bt6zv8.txt summary: We use logistic regressions to examine the associations of staffing levels from Nursing Home Compare with the outcomes of any COVID‐19 cases and, conditional on at least one case, an outbreak (defined as confirmed cases / certified beds greater than 10% or total confirmed and suspected cases / beds greater than 20% or greater than 10 deaths). However, among facilities with at least one case, higher nurse aide and total nursing hours are associated with a lower probability of experiencing an outbreak and with fewer deaths. For example, whereas staffing levels are unrelated to the probability of having at least one case or even increase that probability, perhaps by increasing traffic in and out of the facility, higher NA and total nursing hours are associated with lower probability of a larger outbreak and fewer deaths. abstract: BACKGROUND / OBJECTIVES: Nursing homes have experienced a disproportionate share of COVID‐19 cases and deaths. Early analyses indicated that baseline quality was not predictive of nursing home cases, but a more nuanced study of the role of nurse staffing is needed to target resources and better respond to future outbreaks. We seek to understand whether baseline nurse staffing is associated with the presence of COVID‐19 in nursing homes and whether staffing impacts outbreak severity. DESIGN / SETTING: We analyze CMS facility‐level data on COVID‐19 cases and deaths merged with nursing home and county characteristics. We use logistic regressions to examine the associations of staffing levels from Nursing Home Compare with the outcomes of any COVID‐19 cases and, conditional on at least one case, an outbreak (defined as confirmed cases / certified beds greater than 10% or total confirmed and suspected cases / beds greater than 20% or greater than 10 deaths). Among facilities with at least one case, we model count of deaths using hurdle negative‐binomial‐2 regressions. RESULTS: 71% of the 13,167 nursing homes that reported COVID‐19 data as of June 14 had at least one case among residents and/or staff. Of those, 27% experienced an outbreak. Higher RN hours are associated with a higher probability of experiencing any cases. However, among facilities with at least one case, higher nurse aide and total nursing hours are associated with a lower probability of experiencing an outbreak and with fewer deaths. The strongest predictor of cases and outbreaks in nursing homes is per capita cases in the county. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of COVID‐19 in the community remains the strongest predictor of COVID‐19 cases and deaths in nursing homes, but higher nurse aide and total nursing hours may help to contain the number of cases and deaths. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16787 doi: 10.1111/jgs.16787 id: cord-311195-oee19duz author: Gostic, Katelyn title: Estimated effectiveness of symptom and risk screening to prevent the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-02-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Traveller screening is being used to limit further spread of COVID-19 following its recent emergence, and symptom screening has become a ubiquitous tool in the global response. Previously, we developed a mathematical model to understand factors governing the effectiveness of traveller screening to prevent spread of emerging pathogens (Gostic et al., 2015). Here, we estimate the impact of different screening programs given current knowledge of key COVID-19 life history and epidemiological parameters. Even under best-case assumptions, we estimate that screening will miss more than half of infected people. Breaking down the factors leading to screening successes and failures, we find that most cases missed by screening are fundamentally undetectable, because they have not yet developed symptoms and are unaware they were exposed. Our work underscores the need for measures to limit transmission by individuals who become ill after being missed by a screening program. These findings can support evidence-based policy to combat the spread of COVID-19, and prospective planning to mitigate future emerging pathogens. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32091395/ doi: 10.7554/elife.55570 id: cord-128436-xndrlnav author: Granozio, Fabio Miletto title: Comparative analysis of the diffusion of Covid-19 infection in different countries date: 2020-03-18 words: 1939.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-128436-xndrlnav.txt txt: ./txt/cord-128436-xndrlnav.txt summary: The comparative analysis of the registered cases curves highlights remarkable similarities, especially among Western countries, together with some minor but crucial differences. We analyse here the data of three of the countries that registered at the date of March 15 the highest cumulative number of registered cases, i.e. China, Italy, and South Korea. The comparison of the plots shows that, in spite of the extremely fast growth rate ( =2.4d, corresponding to a doubling time of one day) the rapid response of the Korean society allowed to switch the growth to a slower rate before reaching 500 registered infected people. When plotted with the appropriate relative time scale (IT reference, DE, FR -9d, ES -10d, US -11d), the data show how early or late the different countries deviated from the red exponential "phase #1" curve with  ~2.0d, D ~2.0d. abstract: The sudden spread of Covid-19 outside China has pushed on March 11 the World Health Organization to acknowledge the ongoing outbreak as a pandemic. It is crucial in this phase to understand what should countries which presently lag behind in the spread of the infection learn from countries where the infection spread earlier. The choice of this work is to prefer timeliness to comprehensiveness. By adopting a purely empirical approach, we will limit ourselves to identifying different phases in the plots of different countries, based on their different functional behaviour, and to make a comparative analysis. The comparative analysis of the registered cases curves highlights remarkable similarities, especially among Western countries, together with some minor but crucial differences. We highlight how timeliness can largely reduce the size of the individual national outbreaks, ultimately limiting the final death toll. Our data suggest that Western governments have not unfortunately shown the capability to anticipate their decisions, based on the experience of countries hit earlier by the outbreak. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.08661v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-304820-q3de7r1p author: Griette, P. title: Clarifying predictions for COVID-19 from testing data: the example of New-York State date: 2020-10-12 words: 3788.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304820-q3de7r1p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304820-q3de7r1p.txt summary: Cumulative number of reported (tested infectious) cases at time t Daily number of reported (tested infectious) cases at time t Phenomenological models for the reported cases: At the early stage of the epidemic, we assume that all the infected components of the system grow exponentially while the number of susceptible remains unchanged during a relatively short period of time t ∈ [t 1 , t 2 ]. In figure (d) we plot the cumulative number of cases coming from the model as a function of the cumulative number of tests from the data. In Figure 8 , we replace the daily number of tests n data (t) (coming from the data for New-York''s state) in the model by either 2 × n data (t), 5 × n data (t), 10 × n data (t) or 100 × n data (t). Predicting the cumulative number of cases for the COVID-19 epidemic in China from early data abstract: In this article, we use testing data as an input of a new epidemic model. We get nice a concordance between the best fit the model to the reported cases data for New-York state. We also get a good concordance of the testing dynamic and the epidemic's dynamic in the cumulative cases. Finally, we can investigate the effect of multiplying the number of tests by 2, 5, 10, and 100 to investigate the consequences on the reduction of the number of reported cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.10.20203034 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.10.20203034 id: cord-288770-hquc2v2c author: Gupta, Rajan title: A Comprehensive Analysis of COVID-19 Outbreak situation in India date: 2020-04-11 words: 5868.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288770-hquc2v2c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288770-hquc2v2c.txt summary: With so much happening in India right now, it becomes imperative that we study the current situation and impact of various such events in India through data analysis methods and come up with different plans for future which can be helpful for the Indian administrators and medical professionals. Also, the studies in Indian region from the past are more focused on presenting time series analysis based on the overall data for Indian region rather than covering other sources of information apart from just considering the number of infected patients, so the need to analyze the patients background and information is required for the authorities to get better insight about the situation. Studied like [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] worked on various mathematical models to determine the spread of the disease, predict the number of infected patients, commenting on the preparedness for each country in tackling COVID-19 4 spread and finding the patterns of flattening curve in different conditions. abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 in different parts of the world is a major concern for all the administrative units of respective countries. India is also facing this very tough task for controlling the virus outbreak and has managed its growth rate through some strict measures. This study presents the current situation of coronavirus spread in India along with the impact of various measures taken for it. With the help of data sources (till 7th-8th April 2020) from various state units of India and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, this study presents various trends and patterns. This study answers six different research ques-tions in a comprehensive manner. It has been reported that growth rate of infected cases has been controlled with the help of National Lockdown, however some uncontrolled mass level events had negatively impacted the infected cases. With the help of exponential and polyno-mial regression modelling, the predictions of up to 75000 cases have been done by the end of April 2020. It has also been seen that there are some prominent clusters and patient nodes in the network of patients which are the major influencers for COVID-19 spread. Also, death rate case predictions have been done through multi-class classification models with an accuracy of 75%. At the end, strategies for continuation for lockdown has been discussed and presented. It appears that only essential services should be open for the citizens of India and the national lockdown should be carried on for next 2-4 weeks. This study will be useful for the Government of India and various states of India, Administrative Units of India, Frontline health workforce of India, researchers and scientists. This study will also be favorable for the administrative units of other countries to consider various aspects related to the control of COVID-19 outspread in their respective regions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20058347 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20058347 id: cord-245047-d81cf3ms author: Gupta, Sourendu title: Epidemic parameters for COVID-19 in several regions of India date: 2020-05-18 words: 5029.0 sentences: 295.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-245047-d81cf3ms.txt txt: ./txt/cord-245047-d81cf3ms.txt summary: Bayesian analysis of publicly available time series of cases and fatalities in different geographical regions of India during April 2020 is reported. One point about the quality test that is developed here is that absolute numbers are not as important for it as the check that fatalities and identified cases are independently tracing the same rate of growth of the epidemic. Conversely, the regions which lie above the diagonal (namely Indore, Mumbai, and Pune, and, possibly, Chennai) could be seeing an increased growth in infections, not yet visible in fatalities because of the same time lag. Counts of known cases and fatalities of COVID-19 from five cities (Ahmedabad, Chennai, Delhi, Indore, and Mumbai), one district (Pune), and three states (Gujarat, Kerala and West Bengal) was investigated in this work. Since fatalities track cases with a delay of 17.8 days on the average, the early part of this data could track the growth in the time before the lock-down. abstract: Bayesian analysis of publicly available time series of cases and fatalities in different geographical regions of India during April 2020 is reported. It is found that the initial apparent rapid growthin infections could be partly due to confounding factors such as initial rapid ramp-up of disease surveillance. A brief discussion is given of the fallacies which arise if this possibility is neglected. The growth after April 10 is consistent with a time independent but region dependent exponential. From this, R0 is extracted using both known cases and fatalities. The two estimates are seen to agree in many cases; for these CFR is reported. It is seen that CFR and R0 increase together. Some public health implications of this observation are discussed, including a target doubling interval if medical facilities are to remain adequate. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.08499v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-323672-s0jfadyp author: Gökçe, Şule title: Corrigendum to “A Rare Cause of Childhood Cerebellitis-Influenza Infection: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature” date: 2018-02-20 words: 121.0 sentences: 15.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323672-s0jfadyp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323672-s0jfadyp.txt summary: key: cord-323672-s0jfadyp authors: Gökçe, Şule; Kurugol, Zafer; Aslan, Aslı; Çiçek, Candan title: Corrigendum to "A Rare Cause of Childhood Cerebellitis-Influenza Infection: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature" date: 2018-02-20 journal: Case Rep Pediatr DOI: 10.1155/2018/5781843 sha: doc_id: 323672 cord_uid: s0jfadyp [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/4039358.]. In the article titled "A Rare Cause of Childhood Cerebellitis-In uenza Infection: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature" [1] , Dr. Candan Çiçek was missing from the authors'' list. e corrected authors'' list is shown above. Additionally, there were errors in the Case Representation section which should be corrected as follows: A rare cause of childhood cerebellitis-in uenza infection: a case report and systematic review of literature abstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/4039358.]. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5781843 doi: 10.1155/2018/5781843 id: cord-256260-9jatvium author: Han, Yuanyuan title: COVID-19 in a patient with long-term use of glucocorticoids: A study of a familial cluster date: 2020-04-08 words: 2293.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256260-9jatvium.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256260-9jatvium.txt summary: Here, we report a familial cluster of COVID-19 where a 47-year-old woman with long-term use of glucocorticoids did not develop any symptoms within the 14-day quarantine period but was confirmed with COVID-19 by tested positive of antibody on day 40 after she left Wuhan. In December 2019, a novel pneumonia resulting from SARS-CoV2, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan [1, 2] . However, a tremendous number of patients who were still in their incubation period traveled across China before the lockdown date due to Chinese New Year, resulting in the widespread transmission of COVID-19. The SARS-CoV2 nuclei acid test from nasopharyngeal swabs was negative, but her IgM and IgG antibodies were positive. By further examining their epidemiological data, we find that the incubation period of COVID-19 and the shedding duration of SARS-CoV2 might be extremely long in this case. abstract: Clusters of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been successively reported globally. Studies show clear person-to-person transmission. The average incubation period is 2–14 days, and mostly 3–7 days. However, in some patients, this period may be longer. Here, we report a familial cluster of COVID-19 where a 47-year-old woman with long-term use of glucocorticoids did not develop any symptoms within the 14-day quarantine period but was confirmed with COVID-19 by tested positive of antibody on day 40 after she left Wuhan. Almost at the same time, her father and sister were diagnosed with COVID-19. The results suggest that the long-term use of glucocorticoids might cause atypical infections, a long incubation period, and extra transmission of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32276139/ doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108413 id: cord-329739-wm5xho2o author: Hanna, Fikry title: Multiple myelomas in cats date: 2005-04-26 words: 5882.0 sentences: 308.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329739-wm5xho2o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329739-wm5xho2o.txt summary: Parameters abstracted from each cat''s medical record: age, breed, sex, complete blood haematological and biochemical analysis results, feline leukaemia, feline immune deficiency and coronavirus (FIP) antibody titre test results, relative serum viscosity readings, serum protein electrophoresis and agar gel immunoelectrophoresis results, radiological findings, bone marrow aspiration cytologies or biopsy findings, routine urinalysis, urine electrophoresis and urine heat precipitation test results. In those cats with complete remission, transient or absence of the clinical signs were seen in cases 3, 5, 6 and 7, insignificant or complete absence of lucency on radiographs of the affected bone in cases 3 and 6, and return of serum protein level to normal in cases 3, 5, 6 and 7 when serum proteins were re-measured 8 weeks after treatment. Blood samples were suggestive of feline infectious peritonitis and the only evidence that multiple myeloma might be present was the presence of osteolytic bone lesions on radiographs of the lumbar spine and relative serum viscosity was 3.65 which may suggest hyperviscosity syndrome. abstract: Multiple myelomas are uncommon neoplasms of the bone marrow of cats [Weber NA, Tebeau CS (1998) An unusual presentation of multiple myeloma in two cats. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association34 (6), 477–483]. Nine cats diagnosed with multiple myelomas were retrospectively identified over a 16-year period (1986–2002). Cats with multiple myelomas were older than 7 years (mean age 11.7 years); six males and three females were affected (2.1), but no breed predisposition was evident. Treatment of multiple myelomas consisted of supportive management in the nine cats and anti-neoplastic therapy in eight cats. Supportive treatment consisted of maintaining hydration, renal function and antimicrobial therapy even when there was no sign of infection. Anti-neoplastic therapy with melphalan and prednisolone was carried out in eight cats. Three failed to respond to treatment and five responded to treatment, but the response was only partial and temporary in one cat. The five cats that responded were improved clinically and had reduced serum protein levels. Five out of eight cats (63%) responded to chemotherapy, and it appeared to be complete in four cats and partial in one cat. Survival time in those cats was 15, 4, 17 and 24 months. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1098612X05000227 doi: 10.1016/j.jfms.2004.12.005 id: cord-338067-vjyad10p author: Hao, Yan title: Prediction and analysis of Corona Virus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan has significantly impacted the economy and society globally. Countries are in a strict state of prevention and control of this pandemic. In this study, the development trend analysis of the cumulative confirmed cases, cumulative deaths, and cumulative cured cases was conducted based on data from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China from January 23, 2020 to April 6, 2020 using an Elman neural network, long short-term memory (LSTM), and support vector machine (SVM). A SVM with fuzzy granulation was used to predict the growth range of confirmed new cases, new deaths, and new cured cases. The experimental results showed that the Elman neural network and SVM used in this study can predict the development trend of cumulative confirmed cases, deaths, and cured cases, whereas LSTM is more suitable for the prediction of the cumulative confirmed cases. The SVM with fuzzy granulation can successfully predict the growth range of confirmed new cases and new cured cases, although the average predicted values are slightly large. Currently, the United States is the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also used data modeling from the United States to further verify the validity of the proposed models. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239960 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239960 id: cord-311479-8pjoz64q author: He, Daihai title: The relative transmissibility of asymptomatic cases among close contacts date: 2020-04-18 words: 815.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311479-8pjoz64q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311479-8pjoz64q.txt summary: A recent 24 study in China showed that transmissibility of the asymptomatic cases is comparable to that 25 of symptomatic cases. A recent 24 study in China showed that transmissibility of the asymptomatic cases is comparable to that 25 of symptomatic cases. 28 29 Keywords: COVID-19; asymptomatic cases; relative transmissibility 30 31 32 33 Main text 35 Nishiura et al (Nishiura et al, 2020 ) estimated the asymptomatic ratio of COVID-19 was 41.6% 36 (5 out of 12 confirmed cases) among 565 Japanese individuals evacuated from Wuhan, China. The odds ratio (OR) is estimated 109 In summary, we conclude that the relatively transmissibility of asymptomatic case could be 127 significantly smaller than that of the symptomatic cases. Estimation of the asymptomatic ratio of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-158 19) Estimating the asymptomatic 161 proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess 162 cruise ship abstract: Abstract Asymptomatic transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 is an important topic. A recent study in China showed that transmissibility of the asymptomatic cases is comparable to that of symptomatic cases. Here we showed that the conclusion may depend on how we interpret the data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the relative transmissibility of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases is quantified. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220302502?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.034 id: cord-018116-99z6ykb2 author: Healing, Tim title: Surveillance and Control of Communicable Disease in Conflicts and Disasters date: 2009 words: 8922.0 sentences: 479.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018116-99z6ykb2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018116-99z6ykb2.txt summary: They must be able to • assess the health status of the population affected and identify the main health priorities • monitor the development and determine the severity of any health emergency that develops (including monitoring the incidence of and case fatality rates from diseases, receiving early warning of epidemics and monitoring responses) At first sight, undertaking public health activities in emergencies, especially in conflicts, may seem to be difficult or impossible. In other types of disaster public health activities may be expected to be less affected by the security situation than in a war (although aid workers may be at risk if populations are severely deprived of resources such as food, shelter, water, or cash), and with limited access and damage to communication systems and other parts of the infrastructure assessment, surveillance and control activities can be severely restricted. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122909/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-84800-352-1_13 id: cord-341639-a8ig607t author: Hellewell, Joel title: Feasibility of controlling 2019-nCoV outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts date: 2020-02-11 words: 4573.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341639-a8ig607t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341639-a8ig607t.txt summary: We considered scenarios that varied in: the number of initial cases; the basic reproduction number R0; the delay from symptom onset to isolation; the probability contacts were traced; the proportion of transmission that occurred before symptom onset, and the proportion of subclinical infections. For higher values of R0 and a large initial number of cases, contact tracing and isolation was only potentially feasible when less than 1% of transmission occurred before symptom onset. For example, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak that began in Southern China in 2003 was amenable to eventual control through tracing contacts of suspected cases and isolating confirmed cases because the majority of transmission occurred after symptom onset 7 . Figure 4 : The percentage of outbreaks controlled for the baseline scenario (black), and varied number of initial cases (A), time from onset to isolation (B), percentage of transmission before symptoms (C), and proportion of subclinical (asymptomatic) cases (D). abstract: Background: To assess the viability of isolation and contact tracing to control onwards transmission from imported cases of 2019-nCoV. Methods: We developed a stochastic transmission model, parameterised to the 2019-nCoV outbreak. We used the model to quantify the potential effectiveness of contact tracing and isolation of cases at controlling a 2019 nCoV-like pathogen. We considered scenarios that varied in: the number of initial cases; the basic reproduction number R0; the delay from symptom onset to isolation; the probability contacts were traced; the proportion of transmission that occurred before symptom onset, and the proportion of subclinical infections. We assumed isolation prevented all further transmission in the model. Outbreaks were deemed controlled if transmission ended within 12 weeks or before 5000 cases in total. We measured the success of controlling outbreaks using isolation and contact tracing, and quantified the weekly maximum number of cases traced to measure feasibility of public health effort. Findings: While simulated outbreaks starting with only 5 initial cases, R0 of 1.5 and little transmission before symptom onset could be controlled even with low contact tracing probability, the prospects of controlling an outbreak dramatically dropped with the number of initial cases, with higher R0, and with more transmission before symptom onset. Across different initial numbers of cases, the majority of scenarios with an R0 of 1.5 were controllable with under 50% of contacts successfully traced. For R0 of 2.5 and 3.5, more than 70% and 90% of contacts respectively had to be traced to control the majority of outbreaks. The delay between symptom onset and isolation played the largest role in determining whether an outbreak was controllable for lower values of R0. For higher values of R0 and a large initial number of cases, contact tracing and isolation was only potentially feasible when less than 1% of transmission occurred before symptom onset. Interpretation: We found that in most scenarios contact tracing and case isolation alone is unlikely to control a new outbreak of 2019-nCov within three months. The probability of control decreases with longer delays from symptom onset to isolation, fewer cases ascertained by contact tracing, and increasing transmission before symptoms. This model can be modified to reflect updated transmission characteristics and more specific definitions of outbreak control to assess the potential success of local response efforts. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.08.20021162 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.08.20021162 id: cord-284017-1fz90e3k author: Henríquez, Josefa title: The first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain date: 2020-08-27 words: 5723.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt summary: Although the first case diagnosed with COVID-19 was registered at the end of January, the Spanish health authorities did not undertake measures until one month later, moment when a systematic and exponential increase in registered cases and deceases was observed. To tackle with the outbreak and contain the spread, the management of public health policies were centralized within the Ministry of Health and the authorities undertook exceptional measures based on a generalized lockdown by which the majority of the economic activity ceased for several weeks. Until May, the ISCIII released daily information at regional level regarding confirmed cases (through different testing methods), hospitalizations as well as referrals to Intensive Care Units (ICU), deceased and recovered cases. Despite the measures to tackle with COVID-19 have been centralized by the Ministry of Health and implemented homogeneously across the country, we have shown that the pandemic has had a different impact across Spanish provinces. abstract: BACKGROUND: : The COVID-19 outbreak has led to an unprecedented crisis in Spain. After Italy, the spread of the virus was quick, and Spain became the second epicenter in Europe by number of cases and deceased. To tackle the outbreak and contain the spread, the Spanish authorities undertook exceptional measures based on a generalized lockdown by which the majority of the economic activity ceased for several weeks. OBJECTIVES: : The goal of this paper is to examine the spread of COVID-19 in Spain from February to May 2020, as well as the public policies and technologies used to contain the evolution of the pandemic. In particular it aims to assess the effectivity of the policies applied within the different autonomous communities. Cases and deaths are presented until August as well as the main changes in containment and mitigation measures. METHODS: : Data was collected from various official sources, including government reports, press releases and datasets provided by national and international level institutions. RESULTS: : We show that the main measure to contain the spread of the pandemic was a stringent confinement policy enforced through fines. It resulted in a substantial reduction in the mobility and the economic activity. At a regional level, the negative consequences of the crisis affected differently across regions. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.013 doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.013 id: cord-017012-yl0vanuh author: Herberg, Jethro title: Infectious Diseases and the Kidney date: 2009 words: 23980.0 sentences: 1301.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017012-yl0vanuh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017012-yl0vanuh.txt summary: Renal involvement in infectious diseases may occur by a variety of mechanisms: direct microbial invasion of the renal tissues or collecting system may take place in conditions such as staphylococcal abscess of the kidney as a result of septicemic spread of the organism or as a consequence of ascending infection; damage to the kidney may be caused by the systemic release of endotoxin or other toxins and activation of the inflammatory cascade during septicemia or by a focus of infection distant from the kidney; ischemic damage may result from inadequate perfusion induced by septic shock; the kidney may be damaged by activation of the immunologic pathways or by immune complexes resulting from the infectious process. However, in addition to this post-infection immunologically mediated disorder, in recent years there have been increasing reports of GAS causing acute renal failure as part of an invasive infection with many features of the staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (28) . abstract: The kidney is involved in a wide range of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic diseases. In most systemic infections, renal involvement is a minor component of the illness, but in some, renal failure may be the presenting feature and the major problem in management. Although individual infectious processes may have a predilection to involve the renal vasculature, glomeruli, interstitium, or collecting systems, a purely anatomic approach to the classification of infectious diseases affecting the kidney is rarely helpful because most infections may involve several different aspects of renal function. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121468/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-76341-3_52 id: cord-354821-t7400ru5 author: Hermanowicz, Slav W title: Simple model for Covid-19 epidemics - back-casting in China and forecasting in the US date: 2020-04-03 words: 3280.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354821-t7400ru5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354821-t7400ru5.txt summary: We sequentially estimated sets of model parameters (maximum number of cases K, growth rate r, and half-time t0) and the epidemic "end time" t95 (defined as the time when the number of cases, predicted or actual, reached 95% of the maximum). In our previous recent work (Hermanowicz 2020) , we used a simple logistic model to analyze the evolution of data on Covid-19 cases as reported in mainland China by the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China (NHC 2020) . For each dataset of reported cumulative case numbers (China and the US), we estimated three parameters of the logistic model (maximum case number K, growth rate r, half-time t0) fitting model predictions to the data. 1101 In case of China, where the epidemic growth has essentially ended, the sequential estimation process (back-casting) simulated near-real time analysis of the dynamics. abstract: In our previous work, we analyze, in near-real time, evolution of Covid-19 epidemic in China for the first 22 days of reliable data (up to February 6, 2020). In this work, we used the data for the whole 87 days (up to March 13, 2020) in China and the US data available till March 31 (day 70) for systematic evaluation of the logistic model to predict epidemic growth. We sequentially estimated sets of model parameters (maximum number of cases K, growth rate r, and half-time t0) and the epidemic "end time" t95 (defined as the time when the number of cases, predicted or actual, reached 95% of the maximum). The estimates of these parameters were done for sequences of reported cases growing daily (back-casting for China and forecasting for the US). In both countries, the estimates of K grew very much in time during the exponential and nearly exponential phases making longer term forecasting not reliable. For the US, the current estimate of the maximum number of cases K is about 265,000 but it is very likely that it will grow in the future. However, running estimates of the "end time" t95 were in a much smaller interval for China (60 - 70 days vs. the actual value of 67). For the US, the values estimated from the data sequences going back two weeks from now range from 70 to 80 days. If the behavior of the US epidemic is similar to the previous Chinese development, the number of reported cases could reach a maximum around April 10 to 14. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20049486 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.31.20049486 id: cord-322799-opf1qwgl author: Hiremath, Channabasavaraj Shivalingaiah title: IACTS guidelines: practice of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-11 words: 3937.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt summary: Patients undergoing cardiovascular and thoracic procedures are at an accentuated risk of higher morbidity and mortality, which are a consequence of the proliferative nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the lung vasculature, which in turn reflects as a cascading effect on the interdependent physiology of the cardiovascular and pulmonary organ systems. A patient with any acute respiratory illness and having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the last 14 days prior to symptom onset or C. However, as per Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, all hospital personnel handling COVID-19 cases are advised hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis. Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery -continuing the service and ''suppressing'' the pandemic COVID-19: elective case triage guidelines for surgical care (thoracic surgery COVID-19: elective cases triage guidelines for surgical care (vascular surgery abstract: Patients undergoing cardiovascular and thoracic procedures are at an accentuated risk of higher morbidity and mortality, which are a consequence of the proliferative nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the lung vasculature, which in turn reflects as a cascading effect on the interdependent physiology of the cardiovascular and pulmonary organ systems. These are secondary to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and immunosuppressive responses to surgery and mechanical ventilation. Thus, the need to establish guidelines for the practice of cardiothoracic surgery which is safe for both the patient and the healthcare team presents as a priority, which is the mainstay of this article. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12055-020-01016-w doi: 10.1007/s12055-020-01016-w id: cord-018917-7px75s3c author: Hopkins, Richard S. title: Informatics in Disease Prevention and Epidemiology date: 2013-07-29 words: 7517.0 sentences: 337.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018917-7px75s3c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018917-7px75s3c.txt summary: This chapter provides a description of the components of disease prevention and control programs, and then focuses on information systems designed to support public health surveillance, epidemiologic investigation of cases and outbreaks, and case management. Public health surveillance systems may be based on data capture from a variety of sources, including case reports, population-based surveys, sentinel providers, electronic health records (including laboratory information management systems for ELR and emergency department records for syndromic surveillance), or administrative data (like hospital or physician claims for reimbursement). Information systems to support reportable disease surveillance contain records representing case reports that currently are, for the most part, entered manually into an application by public health staff, based on information received from doctors, infection control practitioners, hospitals, and laboratories. abstract: This chapter provides a description of the components of disease prevention and control programs, and then focuses on information systems designed to support public health surveillance, epidemiologic investigation of cases and outbreaks, and case management. For each such system, we describe sources used to acquire necessary data for use by public health agencies, and the technology used to clean, manage, organize, and display the information. We discuss challenges and successes in sharing information among these various systems, and opportunities presented by emerging technologies. Systems to support public health surveillance may support traditional passive case-reporting, as enhanced by electronic laboratory reporting and (emerging) direct reporting from electronic health records, and also a wide variety of different surveillance systems. We address syndromic surveillance and other novel approaches including registries for reporting and follow-up of cases of cancer, birth defects, lead poisoning, hepatitis B, etc., and population-based surveys (such as BRFSS or PRAMS). Systems to support epidemiologic investigation of outbreaks and clusters include generic tools such as Excel, SAS, SPSS, and R, and specialized tool-kits for epidemiologic analysis such as Epi-Info. In addition to supporting outbreak investigation, agencies also need systems to collect and manage summary information about outbreaks, investigations, and responses. Systems to support case management, contact tracing, and case-based disease control interventions are often integrated to some degree with surveillance systems. We focus on opportunities and choices in the design and implementation of these systems. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123923/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4237-9_14 id: cord-347323-lmgn3626 author: Howe, James R. title: COVID-19 Guideline Modifications as CMS Announces “Opening Up America Again”: Comments from the Society of Surgical Oncology date: 2020-05-06 words: 1194.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347323-lmgn3626.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347323-lmgn3626.txt summary: The CMS document suggests that ''''providers should prioritize surgical/procedural care and high/complexity chronic disease management.'''' 1 This would require testing capacity, a healthy workforce, adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), and post-acute care that would not jeopardize the facility''s capacity to respond to another surge in COVID-19 cases. To summarize, the White House and CMS documents 1,2 suggest that facilities with down-trending numbers of COVID-19 cases, adequate testing abilities, and no shortages of PPE, intensive care unit (ICU) beds, ventilators, or health care workers may be able to resume elective surgeries, which would reasonably include all cancer cases. The early recovery phase is characterized by fewer COVID-19 cases each day and greater availability of limited resources such as PPE, health care workers, ventilators, ICU beds, and testing. ACS Guidelines for Triage and Management of Elective Cancer Surgery Cases During the Acute and Recovery Phases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-020-08565-9 doi: 10.1245/s10434-020-08565-9 id: cord-328921-trwggffp author: Hoz, Samer S. title: Neurosurgery in Iraq at the Time of Corona date: 2020-05-09 words: 1022.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328921-trwggffp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328921-trwggffp.txt summary: [1] Despite strict containment measures to stem the spread of the virus, the situation has escalated rapidly; the virus has now swept across 114 nations, with a total of 33106 deaths and 693224 confirmed cases worldwide (data as of the WHO''s situation report on March 30, 2020). In Iraq, the set of challenges is rather unique; while the medical personnel are accustomed to working under conditions of extreme resource scarcity, our already collapsing, war-strained, cash-starved health-care system is unlikely to withstand the pressure brought on by the pandemic and, should the number of cases continues to escalate, the system is very likely to disintegrate, with deleterious short-and long-term consequences. [2] e Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital (NTH) in Baghdad/ Iraq provides neurosurgical care for 4.2 million peopleapproximately 50% of the population in Baghdad -with a total capacity of 102 beds, 16 neurosurgical intensive care unit beds, and 7 operating rooms. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574275/ doi: 10.25259/sni_143_2020 id: cord-244687-xmry4xj4 author: Hsieh, Chung-Han title: On Control of Epidemics with Application to COVID-19 date: 2020-11-02 words: 5667.0 sentences: 431.0 pages: flesch: 72.0 cache: ./cache/cord-244687-xmry4xj4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-244687-xmry4xj4.txt summary: Having defined the two problems, our main results are a set of sufficient conditions on a class of linear control policy which assures that the epidemic is"well-controlled"; i.e., both of the infected cases and deceased cases are upper bounded uniformly and the number of infected cases converges to zero asymptotically. In this section, to understand the contagion process and the evolution of the epidemic, we assume that there exists a control policy u(·) which assures that infected cases I(k), susceptible cases S(k), recovered cases R(k) and deceased cases D(k) are all nonnegative for all k with probability one. With the aids of Theorem 4.2 and Lemma 4.4, we see that if we take linear feedback policy with constant gain; i.e., u(k) = KI(k) and assuming that δ max < v min ( such that infected cases I(k) ≤ M D for all k with probability one. abstract: At the time of writing, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), had already resulted in more than thirty-two million cases infected and more than one million deaths worldwide. Given the fact that the pandemic is still threatening health and safety, it is in the urgency to understand the COVID-19 contagion process and know how it might be controlled. With this motivation in mind, in this paper, we consider a version of a stochastic discrete-time Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Death~(SIRD)-based epidemiological model with two uncertainties: The uncertain rate of infected cases which are undetected or asymptomatic, and the uncertain effectiveness rate of control. Our aim is to study the effect of an epidemic control policy on the uncertain model in a control-theoretic framework. We begin by providing the closed-form solutions of states in the modified SIRD-based model such as infected cases, susceptible cases, recovered cases, and deceased cases. Then, the corresponding expected states and the technical lower and upper bounds for those states are provided as well. Subsequently, we consider two epidemic control problems to be addressed: One is almost sure epidemic control problem and the other average epidemic control problem. Having defined the two problems, our main results are a set of sufficient conditions on a class of linear control policy which assures that the epidemic is"well-controlled"; i.e., both of the infected cases and deceased cases are upper bounded uniformly and the number of infected cases converges to zero asymptotically. Our numerical studies, using the historical COVID-19 contagion data in the United States, suggest that our appealingly simple model and control framework can provide a reasonable epidemic control performance compared to the ongoing pandemic situation. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.00790v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-102850-0kiypige author: Huang, C.-C. title: A Machine Learning Study to Improve Surgical Case Duration Prediction date: 2020-06-12 words: 4728.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-102850-0kiypige.txt txt: ./txt/cord-102850-0kiypige.txt summary: The results are reported in 225 In Fig. 3 , we plotted scatter plots of actual versus predicted duration on the external 234 testing set for the average models of surgeon-and procedure-specific, and the XGB 235 model. Moreover, 251 three of the features which we computed from surgeons'' data (i.e. total surgical minutes 252 performed by the surgeon within the last 7 days and on the same day, and number of Accurate prediction of operation case duration is vital in elevating OR efficiency and 257 reducing cost. It has been reported in the past studies that primary surgeons contributed the 301 largest variability in operation case duration prediction compared to other factors 302 attributed to patients [2, 16, 23] . 356 We propose extracting additional information from operation and surgeons'' data to 357 be used as predictor variables for ML algorithm training since their importance was 358 high in the XGB model. abstract: Predictive accuracy of surgical case duration plays a critical role in reducing cost of operation room (OR) utilization. The most common approaches used by hospitals rely on historic averages based on a specific surgeon or a specific procedure type obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR) scheduling systems. However, low predictive accuracy of EMR leads to negative impacts on patients and hospitals, such as rescheduling of surgeries and cancellation. In this study, we aim to improve prediction of operation case duration with advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms. We obtained a large data set containing 170,748 operation cases (from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019) from a hospital. The data covered a broad variety of details on patients, operations, specialties and surgical teams. Meanwhile, a more recent data with 8,672 cases (from Mar to Apr 2020) was also available to be used for external evaluation. We computed historic averages from EMR for surgeon- or procedure-specific and they were used as baseline models for comparison. Subsequently, we developed our models using linear regression, random forest and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) algorithms. All models were evaluated with R-squre (R^2), mean absolute error (MAE), and percentage overage (case duration > prediction + 10 % & 15 mins), underage (case duration < prediction - 10 % & 15 mins) and within (otherwise). The XGB model was superior to the other models by having higher R^2 (85 %) and percentage within (48 %) as well as lower MAE (30.2 mins). The total prediction errors computed for all the models showed that the XGB model had the lowest inaccurate percent (23.7 %). As a whole, this study applied ML techniques in the field of OR scheduling to reduce medical and financial burden for healthcare management. It revealed the importance of operation and surgeon factors in operation case duration prediction. This study also demonstrated the importance of performing an external evaluation to better validate performance of ML models. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.10.20127910v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.10.20127910 id: cord-270805-o6rbfmie author: Hussein, Osama title: Second wave of of Covid-19 is determined by immune mechanism date: 2020-09-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: A second wave of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Covid-19) cases is widely feared. In fact resurgence of cases has been clearly observed in several countries that had seen flattening of the epidemic curve. In general, relaxation of community control measures is almost always blamed for the resurgence of cases. In this letter, the author describes an immunological explanation for the double-peaked epidemic curve of new viral diseases including Covid-19. According to this hypothesis, a second wave of cases is due to the effective innate immunity in some of the population. These individuals may later develop clinical disease upon repeated exposure. This theory claims that a double-peaked pattern of new cases in a new viral epidemic is intrinsically determined by the pattern of pathogen interaction with the host. According to this hypothesis, relaxation of the community control measures is not responsible; at least in part, for resurgence of cases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0306987720324579 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110238 id: cord-311669-112kxj5s author: Imdad, Kashif title: A district-level susceptibility and vulnerability assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic's footprint in India date: 2020-11-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In this study, we trace the COVID-19 pandemic's footprint across India's districts. We identify its primary epicentres and the outbreak's imprint in India's hinterlands in four separate time-steps, signifying the different lockdown stages. We also identify hotspots and predict areas where the pandemic may spread next. Significant clusters in the country's western and northern parts pose risk, along with the threat of rising numbers in the east. We also perform epidemiological and socioeconomic susceptibility and vulnerability analyses, identifying resident populations that may be physiologically weaker, leading to a high incidence of cases and pinpoint regions that may report high fatalities due to ambient poor demographic and health-related factors. Districts with a high share of urban population and high population density face elevated COVID-19 risks. Aspirational districts have a higher magnitude of transmission and fatality. Discerning such locations can allow targeted resource allocation to combat the pandemic's next phase in India. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187758452030068X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.sste.2020.100390 id: cord-349821-5ykwwq75 author: Ippolito, G. title: Biological weapons: Hospital preparedness to bioterrorism and other infectious disease emergencies date: 2006-09-09 words: 6497.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349821-5ykwwq75.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349821-5ykwwq75.txt summary: The term ''highly infectious diseases'' describes infections caused by pathogens that are transmissible from person to person, cause severe or life-threatening illness; present a serious hazard in healthcare settings and in the community; and require specific control measures, which may include management of cases in a highly secure isolation unit. In Canada, where SARS ''paralysed the Greater Toronto Area healthcare system for weeks'' [27] , and the Toronto public health department investigated 2132 potential cases of SARS, identified over 23,000 contacts as requiring quarantine and logged more than 316,000 calls on its SARS hotline [28] , a national review commission identified systemic deficiencies in response capacity, including ''inadequacies in institutional outbreak management protocols, infection control and infectious disease surveillance'', and found that these deficiencies resulted at least in part from failure to implement lessons learned from earlier public health emergencies [22] . abstract: In the last 2 decades, successive outbreaks caused by new, newly recognised and resurgent pathogens, and the risk that high-consequence pathogens might be used as bioterrorism agents amply demonstrated the need to enhance capacity in clinical and public health management of highly infectious diseases. In this article we review these recent and current threats to public health, whether naturally occurring or caused by accidental or intentional release. Moreover, we discuss some components of hospital preparedness for, and response to, infectious disease of the emergencies in developed countries. The issues of clinical awareness and education, initial investigation and management, surge capacity, communication, and caring for staff and others affected by the emergency are discussed. We also emphasise the importance of improving the everyday practice of infection control by healthcare professionals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16964581/ doi: 10.1007/s00018-006-6309-y id: cord-291024-9g4om4sf author: Isakbaeva, Elmira T. title: SARS-associated Coronavirus Transmission, United States date: 2004-02-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: To better assess the risk for transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), we obtained serial specimens and clinical and exposure data from seven confirmed U.S. SARS patients and their 10 household contacts. SARS-CoV was detected in a day-14 sputum specimen from one case-patient and in five stool specimens from two case-patients. In one case-patient, SARS-CoV persisted in stool for at least 26 days after symptom onset. The highest amounts of virus were in the day-14 sputum sample and a day-14 stool sample. Residual respiratory symptoms were still present in recovered SARS case-patients 2 months after illness onset. Possible transmission of SARS-CoV occurred in one household contact, but this person had also traveled to a SARS-affected area. The data suggest that SARS-CoV is not always transmitted efficiently. Laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV infection is difficult; thus, sputum and stool specimens should be included in the diagnostic work-up for SARS-CoV infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15030687/ doi: 10.3201/eid1002.030734 id: cord-342303-ddulfe06 author: Ismael, Julia title: Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 and cancer: consensus from scientific societies in Argentina date: 2020-05-13 words: 7121.0 sentences: 400.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt summary: METHODOLOGY: The review included two phases: 1) search and systematic revision of the medical literature; 2) consensus and revision of the document drafted by national scientific societies involved in the management and care of cancer patients using the modified Delphi method. The recommendations are grouped as follows: 1) general care interventions—training of the personnel, cleaning and disinfection of the hospital premises and patient scheduling; 2) treatment decisions—patient care, surgeries, immunosuppressive therapy, radiotherapy and screening; 3) ethical considerations—optimisation of resources, end-of-life care for critically-ill patients; 4) management of hospitalised patients; and 5) wellbeing of the healthcare team. In cases where the overall benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy may be small, and where there are no immunosuppressive options available (for example, hormonal therapy in early-stage hormone-dependant breast cancer), the risk of infection from COVID-19 can be considered as an additional factor to evaluate before the different options available to the patient. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The world is living through an outbreak of an acute respiratory syndrome caused by a new betacoronavirus known as coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), which has been declared an international public health emergency by the World Health Organisation. Cancer patients are a very special population in this setting since they are more susceptible to viral infections than the general population. Several recommendations have been made on this issue, most of them based on expert opinion and institutional experience. It is essential to gather the evidence available for decision making. OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence available in order to create a multi-institutional position from the perspective of scientific societies in Argentina involved in the management of cancer patients. METHODOLOGY: The review included two phases: 1) search and systematic revision of the medical literature; 2) consensus and revision of the document drafted by national scientific societies involved in the management and care of cancer patients using the modified Delphi method. The final results were presented at a videoconference with all the participants. Also, additional comment and recommendations were discussed. The final document was revised and approved for publication by the members of the panel. RESULTS: The consensus panel included 18 representatives from scientific societies from Argentina who assessed the evidence and then made recommendations for the management of cancer patients in our country. International guidelines (CDC; ASCO, NCCN and ESMO) were considered as a background for analysis, as well as institutional guidelines and an open ad hoc survey administered to 114 healthcare professionals from the scientific societies involved in this study. The recommendations are grouped as follows: 1) general care interventions—training of the personnel, cleaning and disinfection of the hospital premises and patient scheduling; 2) treatment decisions—patient care, surgeries, immunosuppressive therapy, radiotherapy and screening; 3) ethical considerations—optimisation of resources, end-of-life care for critically-ill patients; 4) management of hospitalised patients; and 5) wellbeing of the healthcare team. The general recommendation arising from the study is that the management of cancer patients must adapt to the exceptional pandemic status quo without disregarding treatment or cure options. Moreover, healthcare professional accompaniment of all patients should not be neglected. All healthcare professionals must make a significant joint effort to create multidisciplinary teams to discuss the most appropriate measures for each particular situation. CONCLUSIONS: The scientific evidence available on this topic worldwide is in progress. This together with the epidemiologically shifting scenario poses unprecedented challenges in the management of cancer amidst this global pandemic. Furthermore, the key role of the healthcare structural organisation appears evident, such as the drafting of clear guidelines for all the stakeholders, adaptability to constant change and an interdisciplinary shared vision through consensus to provide adequate care to our cancer patients in the light of uncertainty and fast-paced change. url: https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2020.1044 doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1044 id: cord-283749-j4600733 author: Itoyama, Satoru title: ACE1 polymorphism and progression of SARS date: 2004-10-22 words: 2975.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283749-j4600733.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283749-j4600733.txt summary: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE1) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism was previously reported to show association with the adult respiratory distress syndrome, which is also thought to play a key role in damaging the lung tissues in SARS cases. Despite the small sample size, the frequency of the D allele was significantly higher in the hypoxemic group than in the non-hypoxemic group (p =0.013), whereas there was no significant difference between the SARS cases and controls, irrespective of a contact history. Genotypic distribution and allele frequency of the ACE I/D polymorphism in SARS cases and controls with or without contact history to SARS patients were compared (Table 4 ). The ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism has also been reported to be a risk factor of the diseases mentioned above [17] and this might be associated with systemic angiopathy and influence progression of SARS in the lung. Lung pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a study of 8 autopsy cases from Singapore abstract: Abstract We have hypothesized that genetic predisposition influences the progression of SARS. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE1) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism was previously reported to show association with the adult respiratory distress syndrome, which is also thought to play a key role in damaging the lung tissues in SARS cases. This time, the polymorphism was genotyped in 44 Vietnamese SARS cases, with 103 healthy controls who had had a contact with the SARS patients and 50 controls without any contact history. SARS cases were divided into either non-hypoxemic or hypoxemic groups. Despite the small sample size, the frequency of the D allele was significantly higher in the hypoxemic group than in the non-hypoxemic group (p =0.013), whereas there was no significant difference between the SARS cases and controls, irrespective of a contact history. ACE1 might be one of the candidate genes that influence the progression of pneumonia in SARS. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15381116/ doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.208 id: cord-273573-a9inlk96 author: Jaeger, Gry title: Haemorrhagic pneumonia in sled dogs caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus - one fatality and two full recoveries: a case report date: 2013-09-11 words: 3812.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273573-a9inlk96.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273573-a9inlk96.txt summary: title: Haemorrhagic pneumonia in sled dogs caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. Following training on the 4th day post-vaccine, several dogs in the kennel started to cough, and 24 hours later there were more animals in the pack with an intensive cough. In a study of experimental parvovirus infection in dogs, Potgieter and others [13] observed that dogs vaccinated with modified live CDV and CAV-1 five days before Figure 6 Control radiograph of the lung of case 2 eight weeks after admission to hospital. zooepidemicus is not normally carried by dogs, but it can probably cause disease in a situation where there is high level exposure from diseased dogs or other sources in the environment, an on-going viral infection, temperature stress, transport stress, intense exercise associated with training and competition and vaccine induced immunosuppression. Outbreak and control of haemorrhagic pneumonia due to Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus in dogs A clonal outbreak of acute fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia in intensively housed (shelter) dogs caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. abstract: In spite of yearly vaccination, outbreaks of canine infectious respiratory disease are periodically seen amongst domestic dogs. These infections compromise host defense mechanisms, and, when combined with other stressful events, allow opportunistic pathogens like Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus to create serious disease. Early recognition and treatment are tremendously important for a successful outcome in these cases. A polyvalent vaccine was given to 22 racing dogs three days after a competition, followed by two days of rest, and then the dogs were returned to regular training. Coughing was noticed among the dogs four days after immunisation. Three days after this outbreak one of the dogs was unusually silent and was found dead the next morning. Simultaneously two other dogs developed haemorrhagic expectorate, depression and dyspnea and were brought in to the veterinary hospital. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was isolated in pure culture from all three cases. They were treated and rehabilitated successfully, and won a sledge race three months later. This paper discusses the necropsy results, treatment regime, rehabilitation and the chronology of vaccination, stressful events and disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-55-67 doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-67 id: cord-275457-buq2d4k2 author: Jannes, G. title: Beta regression with spatio-temporal effects as a tool for hospital impact analysis of initial phase epidemics: the case of COVID-19 in Spain date: 2020-06-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: COVID-19 has put an extraordinary strain on medical staff around the world, but also on hospital facilities and the global capacity of national healthcare systems. In this paper, Beta regression is introduced as a tool to analyze the rate of hospitalization and the proportion of Intensive Care Unit admissions over both hospitalized and diagnosed patients, with the aim of explaining as well as predicting, and thus allowing to better anticipate, the impact on hospital resources during an early-phase epidemic. This is applied to the initial phase COVID-19 pandemic in Spain and its different regions from 20-Feb to 08-Apr of 2020. Spatial and temporal factors are included in the Beta distribution through a precision factor. The model reveals the importance of the lagged data of hospital occupation, as well as the rate of recovered patients. Excellent agreement is found for next-day predictions, while even for multiple-day predictions (up to 12 days), robust results are obtained in most cases in spite of the limited reliability and consistency of the data url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.27.20141614v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.27.20141614 id: cord-004211-58x3nnsc author: Javelle, Emilie title: The challenging management of Rift Valley Fever in humans: literature review of the clinical disease and algorithm proposal date: 2020-01-22 words: 6929.0 sentences: 348.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004211-58x3nnsc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004211-58x3nnsc.txt summary: title: The challenging management of Rift Valley Fever in humans: literature review of the clinical disease and algorithm proposal Clinicians need to consider RVF in the differential diagnosis for febrile illnesses in a suitable context, however manifestations of RVFV in humans are varied and unspecific including hepatitis, encephalitis, hemorrhagic disease, and retinitis with potential dramatic consequences. during the major outbreak in Egypt in 1977, it is considered that less than 5% of symptomatic cases will present complications including ocular, neurologic and hemorrhagic symptoms, while favorable outcome will occur within 1 week for the others [17] . Epidemic Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia: a clinical study of severe illness in humans Pathologic studies on suspect animal and human cases of Rift Valley fever from an outbreak in Eastern Africa Severe human illness caused by Rift Valley Fever Virus in Mauritania abstract: Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is an emerging zoonotic arbovirus with a complex cycle of transmission that makes difficult the prediction of its expansion. Recent outbreaks outside Africa have led to rediscover the human disease but it remains poorly known. The wide spectrum of acute and delayed manifestations with potential unfavorable outcome much complicate the management of suspected cases and prediction of morbidity and mortality during an outbreak. We reviewed literature data on bio-clinical characteristics and treatments of RVF human illness. We identified gaps in the field and provided a practical algorithm to assist clinicians in the cases assessment, determination of setting of care and prolonged follow-up. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6977312/ doi: 10.1186/s12941-020-0346-5 id: cord-018016-r7tg0s45 author: John, Maya title: Shiny Framework Based Visualization and Analytics Tool for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome date: 2019-12-04 words: 2524.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018016-r7tg0s45.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018016-r7tg0s45.txt summary: This work deals with developing an application where users can interactively view information about the infection in the form of plots, tables and maps. By viewing the data visualizations, users can analyze MERS cases better, find trends, monitor the disease and help authorities set detection and prevention guidelines. In the case of different cases analysis, the user can view the information as pie charts and maps, or tables. The analysis based on all cases reported in "all cities within Riyadh region" during January to February 2019 is shown in Fig. 2 . The table also has provision for searching values and selecting the number Application page corresponding to "Different Cases Analysis" tab for cities within a region of records to be displayed in a page. In this paper, we have created an interactive visualization tool for MERS Co-V infection cases based on details of cases reported in Saudi Arabia. abstract: People in the Middle East have been affected by the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus (MERS Co-V) since 2012. New cases are continuously reported especially in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the risk of exposure remains an issue. Data visualization plays a vital role in effective analysis of the data. In this paper, we introduce an interactive visualization application for MERS data collected from the Control and Command Centre, Ministry of Health website of Saudi Arabia. The data corresponding to the period from January 1, 2019 to February 28, 2019 was used in the present work. The attributes considered include gender, age, date of reporting, city, region, camel contact, description and status of the patient. The visualization tool has been developed using Shiny framework of R programming language. The application presents information in the form of interactive plots, maps and tables. The salient feature of the tool is that users can view and download data corresponding to the period of their choice. This tool can help decision makers in the detailed analysis of data and hence devise measures to prevent the spread of the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122755/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-36365-9_16 id: cord-349978-zklwovba author: Jombart, Thibaut title: Inferring the number of COVID-19 cases from recently reported deaths date: 2020-04-27 words: 2474.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349978-zklwovba.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349978-zklwovba.txt summary: We developed a model to use CFR alongside other epidemiological factors underpinning disease transmission to infer the likely number of cases in a population from newly reported deaths. This model combines data on the reproduction number (R) and serial interval distribution to simulate new cases ''y t '' on day ''t'' from a Poisson distribution: Our approach is implemented in the R software 13 and publicly available as R scripts (see Extended data) 14 , as well as in a user-friendly, interactive web-interface available at: https://cmmid.github.io/visualisations/ inferring-covid19-cases-from-deaths 2 . We first used our model to assess likely epidemic sizes when an initial COVID-19 death is reported in a new location. Extended data for: Inferring the number of COVID-19 cases from recently reported deaths This article describes a statistical modeling method for estimating the number of COVID-19 cases from the first reported deaths in a defined location. abstract: We estimate the number of COVID-19 cases from newly reported deaths in a population without previous reports. Our results suggest that by the time a single death occurs, hundreds to thousands of cases are likely to be present in that population. This suggests containment via contact tracing will be challenging at this point, and other response strategies should be considered. Our approach is implemented in a publicly available, user-friendly, online tool. url: https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15786.1 doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15786.1 id: cord-351930-puhm3w42 author: Juan, J. title: Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Maternal, Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes: a Systematic Review of 266 Pregnancies date: 2020-05-06 words: 4503.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351930-puhm3w42.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351930-puhm3w42.txt summary: . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20088484 doi: medRxiv preprint are fever, cough, dyspnea/shortness of breath and fatigue; third, on admission, most cases have patchy shadowing or ground-glass opacity on CT of the chest, and that normal or low leukocyte, lymphocytopenia and raised CRP are the most common laboratory findings observed in COVID-19-infected pregnant patients; fourth, the rate of severe COVID-19 pneumonia is relatively low but there are two reported maternal deaths, as of April 23, 2020; fifth, COVID-19 does not appear to increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia; sixth, only a few pregnancies have resulted in a spontaneous miscarriage or abortion; seventh, of those who have delivered, the gestational age at delivery ranged from 28 to 41 weeks and the majority of cases have had Cesarean delivery; and eighth, in the case-series there have been no reported cases of neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, however, in the case-reports there has been one case each with positive SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid and neonatal throat swab. abstract: Objective: To perform a systematic review of available published literature on pregnancies affected by COVID-19 to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: We performed a systematic review to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy, perinatal and neonatal outcomes. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database and Wan Fang Data until April 20, 2020 (studies were identified through PubMed alert after April 20, 2020). For the research strategy, combinations of the following keywords and MeSH terms were used: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019, pregnancy, gestation, maternal, mothers, vertical transmission, maternal-fetal transmission, intrauterine transmission, neonates, infant, delivery. Eligibility criteria included laboratory-confirmed and/or clinically diagnosed COVID-19, patient was pregnant on admission, availability of clinical characteristics, including maternal, perinatal or neonatal outcomes. Exclusion criteria were unpublished reports, unspecified date and location of the study or suspicion of duplicate reporting, and unreported maternal or perinatal outcomes. No language restrictions were applied. Results: We identified several case-reports and case-series but only 19 studies, including a total of 266 pregnant women with COVID-19, met eligibility criteria and were finally included in the review. In the combined data from seven case-series, the maternal age ranged from 20 to 41 years and the gestational age on admission ranged from 5 to 41 weeks. The most common symptoms at presentation were fever, cough, dyspnea/shortness of breath and fatigue. The rate of severe pneumonia was relatively low, with the majority of the cases requiring intensive care unit admission. Almost all cases from the case-series had positive computer tomography chest findings. There were six and 22 cases that had nucleic-acid testing in vaginal mucus and breast milk samples, respectively, which were negative for SARS-CoV-2. Only a few cases had spontaneous miscarriage or abortion. 177 cases had delivered, of which the majority by Cesarean section. The gestational age at delivery ranged from 28 to 41 weeks. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes ranged from 7 to 10 and 8 to 10, respectively. A few neonates had birthweight less than 2500 grams and over one-third of cases were transferred to neonatal intensive care unit. There was one case each of neonatal asphyxia and neonatal death. There were 113 neonates that had nucleic-acid testing in throat swab, which was negative for SARS-CoV-2. From the case-reports, two maternal deaths among pregnant women with COVID-19 were reported. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 are similar to those of nonpregnant adults with COVID-19. Currently, there is no evidence that pregnant women with COVID-19 are more prone to develop severe pneumonia, in comparison to nonpregnant patients. The subject of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains controversial and more data is needed to investigate this possibility. Most importantly, in order to collect meaningful pregnancy and perinatal outcome data, we urge researchers and investigators to reference previously published cases in their publications and to record such reporting when the data of a case is being entered into a registry or several registries. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20088484 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088484 id: cord-269457-i02brfzr author: Kabba, Mustapha S. title: Gossypiboma with perforation of the umbilicus mimicking a complicated urachal cyst: a case report date: 2020-10-17 words: 2059.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269457-i02brfzr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269457-i02brfzr.txt summary: title: Gossypiboma with perforation of the umbilicus mimicking a complicated urachal cyst: a case report We report an unusual case of a gossypiboma mimicking a complicated urachal cyst that led to perforation of the umbilicus. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old female patient presented in our facility with a palpable periumbilical mass and discharge of pus from the umbilicus for 7 months after an open appendectomy. Preventive measures as well as the inclusion of gossypibomas in the differential diagnosis of intraabdominal masses or fistulation detected in patients with a history of surgery are of utmost importance to minimize morbidity, mortality, and potential medicolegal implications. The presentation of our patient with a periumbilical mass and discharge of pus at the umbilicus prompted the potential differential diagnosis of an infected urachal cyst. This case shows that the diagnosis of gossypiboma can be complicated by its nonspecific presentation, which clinically and radiologically imitates other common pathologies, such as abscesses and tumors, and rare conditions, such as urachal cysts. abstract: BACKGROUND: A retained surgical sponge, also known as a gossypiboma, is a rare cause of serious postoperative complications. Diverse retained surgical materials including instruments such as clamps and sutures have been reported, but surgical sponges are the most common material. We report an unusual case of a gossypiboma mimicking a complicated urachal cyst that led to perforation of the umbilicus. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old female patient presented in our facility with a palpable periumbilical mass and discharge of pus from the umbilicus for 7 months after an open appendectomy. Since the onset of symptoms, the patient had been treated conservatively in a peripheral hospital where she had been operated on. As no improvement was seen, an ultrasound scan was performed that suggested an intraperitoneal abscess adjacent to the umbilicus. Consequently, the patient was referred to our specialist outpatient department for surgical intervention. Suspecting a complicated urachal cyst, an exploratory laparotomy was performed but revealed a retained surgical sponge as the underlying cause. The gossypiboma was resected, and the postoperative period was unremarkable. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates that gossypibomas, even though rare, continue to occur. They may clinically and radiologically mimic other pathologies, especially abscesses and tumors. Preventive measures as well as the inclusion of gossypibomas in the differential diagnosis of intraabdominal masses or fistulation detected in patients with a history of surgery are of utmost importance to minimize morbidity, mortality, and potential medicolegal implications. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-020-00904-7 doi: 10.1186/s12893-020-00904-7 id: cord-322235-ttjja4r2 author: Kahambing, Jan Gresil S. title: Stigma, Exclusion, and Mental Health during COVID19: 2 Cases from the Philippines date: 2020-07-11 words: 1375.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322235-ttjja4r2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322235-ttjja4r2.txt summary: title: Stigma, Exclusion, and Mental Health during COVID19: 2 Cases from the Philippines Amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) called for considerations that might include stigma and social exclusion as mental health and psychological concerns. Psychiatry is vital in the crisis since it exposes psychosocial problems that, in the case of mental health, feed on the response of the people and society at large (Tandon, 2020) . Health care workers in the Philippines often suffer from the abuse that comes from stigma (Reuters, 2020) and this was shown even among themselves in the second case. This denial forms part of the negative effect on the health of those socially excluded (Samers, 1998) . The state of the art in European research on reducing social exclusion and stigma related to mental health: A systematic mapping of the literature Covid-19: Philippines health care workers suffer abuse, stigma abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32682301/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102292 id: cord-264037-43yr6qon author: Kang, Yun-Jung title: Lessons Learned From Cases of COVID-19 Infection in South Korea date: 2020-05-07 words: 2855.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264037-43yr6qon.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264037-43yr6qon.txt summary: The highly contagious virus known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected Case No. 31 in Daegu; she was the first patient related to Sincheonji Church. This study, through collecting epidemiological data about various COVID-19 infection cases, discovered that getting together in large groups leads to mass infection, and that paying close attention to personal hygiene by means of wearing masks, sanitary gloves, etc., can prevent the spread of COVID-19. This study collected and studied various cases of COVID-19 infections to the time of this writing to determine measures of prevention against the spread of the disease, while suggesting a managerial direction for public health, which is in urgent demand now. The temporary conclusion of this study, based on limited epidemiological data and information on confirmed cases currently available, is that group meetings lead to mass infections of COVID-19, and that caring for individual hygiene by wearing masks and sanitary gloves can prevent its spread. abstract: On December 31, 2019, the Chinese government officially announced that the country had a single pneumonia case with an unknown cause. In the weeks after, South Korea had 24 confirmed cases by February 8, and the number has increased steadily since then. The highly contagious virus known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected Case No. 31 in Daegu; she was the first patient related to Sincheonji Church. Later, the number of cases involved with Sincheonji skyrocketed. On March 6, 2020, the number of confirmed cases was 6284, with 42 dead. This study, through collecting epidemiological data about various COVID-19 infection cases, discovered that getting together in large groups leads to mass infection, and that paying close attention to personal hygiene by means of wearing masks, sanitary gloves, etc., can prevent the spread of COVID-19. Additional epidemiological data and related studies on COVID-19 infections in South Korea are likely to support or slightly modify this conclusion. However, this study is significant in that it emphasizes the precautionary principle in preventing and managing infectious diseases, and has a suggestion for public health policies, which are currently in high demand. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32378503/ doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.141 id: cord-260299-0blol7to author: Karadag, Engin title: Increase in COVID‐19 cases and case‐fatality and case‐recovery rates in Europe: A cross‐temporal meta‐analysis date: 2020-06-02 words: 2734.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260299-0blol7to.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260299-0blol7to.txt summary: In this study, the case‐increase, case‐fatality, and case‐recovery rates of COVID‐19 in 36 European countries were analyzed with the meta‐analysis method using data released by the health organizations and WHO. Therefore, the epidemiological characteristics, case-increase, casefatality, and case-recovery rate of COVID-19 in Europe using the data of a 3-month period from 24 January until today were found using the method of meta-analysis. All search results were evaluated ( Figure 1) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the final analysis was conducted on 1 744 704 COVID-19 diagnosed cases in 36 countries. The study examined the increase of COVID-19 cases in European countries using cross-temporal meta-analysis. Increase in COVID-19 cases and case-fatality and case-recovery rates in Europe: A cross-temporal meta-analysis abstract: The new coronavirus (COVID‐19) infection reported in China in December 2019 has become a pandemic in a few weeks, affecting the entire world. In this respect, it is crucial to determine the case‐increase, case‐fatality, and case‐recovery rates to control COVID‐19. In this study, the case‐increase, case‐fatality, and case‐recovery rates of COVID‐19 in 36 European countries were analyzed with the meta‐analysis method using data released by the health organizations and WHO. The data were obtained from the website of health organizations of 36 European countries and the website of WHO until 11 May 2020. The analyses were carried out on 1 744 704 COVID‐19‐diagnosed cases in 36 European countries. The case‐increase, case‐fatality and case‐recovery rates of COVID‐19 were calculated using 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), single‐arm meta‐analysis, cross‐temporal meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression random‐effects model. The standardized case‐increase rate of COVID‐19 is 5% (95% CI [0.040, 0.063]) and the average case‐increase rate in European countries has started to decline by around 3% (95% CI [0.047, 0.083]) weekly. The countries with the highest rate of case increase are Belgium, Sweden, Russia, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Although the case‐fatality rate of COVID‐19 patients was 4.5% as of May 11 (95% CI [0.037‐0.055]), this rate is 6.3% (95% CI [0.047, 0.083]) in standardized time (6th week). The case‐recovery rates of patients are 46% (95% CI [0.376‐0.547]). This study presents important results regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic in Europe. Although the rate of increase in new COVID‐19 cases has dropped, there is not much decline in the case‐fatality rates and no increase in case‐recovery rates. The case‐fatality rate of COVID‐19 in Europe was estimated to be in the range of 4% to 4.5% and a minimum of 4 weeks (as of 11 May) is expected to have the figure below 1% in a country with an average case‐increase rate. Monitoring case fatalities in Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden, and treatment successes in Germany and Austria play a role of utmost importance. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26035 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26035 id: cord-317512-kx0u9955 author: Karaye, Ibraheem M. title: The Impact of Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 in the U.S.: An Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships date: 2020-06-26 words: 3668.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317512-kx0u9955.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317512-kx0u9955.txt summary: This study estimates the association between case counts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and social vulnerability in the U.S., identifying counties at increased vulnerability to the pandemic. At the "global" level, overall Social Vulnerability Index (e β=1.65, p=0.03) and minority status and language (e β=6.69, p<0.001) were associated with increased COVID-19 case counts. In this study, minority status and language, household composition and transportation, and housing and disability predicted COVID-19 case counts in the U.S. Addressing the social factors that create poor health is essential to reducing inequities in the health impacts of disasters. At the "global" level, the finding that overall SVI and minority status and language were associated with increased COVID-19 case counts, highlights the impact of social vulnerability on the pandemic. In this study, minority status and language, household composition and disability, and housing and transportation were found to predict COVID-19 case counts in U.S. counties. abstract: Introduction Because of their inability to access adequate medical care, transportation, and nutrition, socially vulnerable populations are at increased risk of health challenges during disasters. This study estimates the association between case counts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and social vulnerability in the U.S., identifying counties at increased vulnerability to the pandemic. Methods Using Social Vulnerability Index and COVID-19 case count data, an ordinary least squares regression model was fitted to assess the “global” relationship between COVID-19 case counts and social vulnerability. Local relationships were assessed using a geographically weighted regression model, which is effective in exploring spatial non-stationarity. Results As of May 12, 2020, a total of 1,320,909 people had been diagnosed with COVID-19 in the U.S. Of the counties included in this study (91.5%, 2,844/3,108), the highest case count was recorded in Trousdale, Tennessee (16,525.22 per 100,000) and the lowest in Tehama, California (1.54 per 100,000). At the “global” level, overall Social Vulnerability Index (e β=1.65, p=0.03) and minority status and language (e β=6.69, p<0.001) were associated with increased COVID-19 case counts. However, based on the “local” geographically weighted model, the association between social vulnerability and COVID-19 varied among counties. Overall, minority status and language, household composition and transportation, and housing and disability predicted COVID-19 infection. Conclusions Large-scale disasters differentially affect the health of marginalized communities. In this study, minority status and language, household composition and transportation, and housing and disability predicted COVID-19 case counts in the U.S. Addressing the social factors that create poor health is essential to reducing inequities in the health impacts of disasters. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379720302592?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.006 id: cord-355267-ndzgxk0k author: Kassa, Semu M. title: Analysis of the mitigation strategies for COVID-19: from mathematical modelling perspective date: 2020-06-05 words: 8616.0 sentences: 451.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.txt summary: Whereas knowledge of the virus dynamics and host response are essential for formulating strategies for antiviral treatment, vaccination, and epidemiological control of COVID-19, estimation of changes in transmission over time can provide insights into the epidemiological situation and help to identify whether public health control measures are having a measurable effect [5, 39] . Applying the above described set of assumptions in the bounds for some of the parameters, we optimized the model output to fit the daily new cases data reported from the Hubei province, China. Analysis of the mitigation strategies for COVID-19 Figure 11 : Dynamics of the disease with at most 10% of the population in the class and at least 50% of the class are detected and quarantined just after Phase 1 period, with strict social distancing rule imposed for 11 weeks. abstract: In this article, a mathematical model for the transmission of COVID-19 disease is formulated and analysed. It is shown that the model exhibits a backward bifurcation at [Formula: see text] when recovered individuals do not develop a permanent immunity for the disease. In the absence of reinfection, it is proved that the model is without backward bifurcation and the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable for [Formula: see text]. By using available data, the model is validated and parameter values are estimated. The sensitivity of the value of [Formula: see text] to changes in any of the parameter values involved in its formula is analysed. Moreover, various mitigation strategies are investigated using the proposed model and it is observed that the asymptomatic infectious group of individuals may play the major role in the re-emergence of the disease in the future. Therefore, it is recommended that in the absence of vaccination, countries need to develop capacities to detect and isolate at least 30% of the asymptomatic infectious group of individuals while treating in isolation at least 50% of symptomatic patients to control the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32536760/ doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109968 id: cord-257801-rgzmpoxv author: Keeling, Matt J title: The Efficacy of Contact Tracing for the Containment of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). date: 2020-02-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Contact tracing is a central public health response to infectious disease outbreaks, especially in the early stages of an outbreak when specific treatments are limited. Importation of novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) from China and elsewhere into the United Kingdom highlights the need to understand the impact of contact tracing as a control measure. Using detailed survey information on social encounters coupled to predictive models, we investigate the likely efficacy of the current UK definition of a close contact (within 2 meters for 15 minutes or more) and the distribution of secondary cases that may go untraced. Taking recent estimates for COVID-19 transmission, we show that less than 1 in 5 cases will generate any subsequent untraced cases, although this comes at a high logistical burden with an average of 36.1 individuals (95th percentiles 0-182) traced per case. Changes to the definition of a close contact can reduce this burden, but with increased risk of untraced cases; we estimate that any definition where close contact requires more than 4 hours of contact is likely to lead to uncontrolled spread. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.14.20023036 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.14.20023036 id: cord-315490-xs5v3uc3 author: Kessler, Remi A. title: Neurosurgical management of brain and spine tumors in the COVID-19 era: an institutional experience from the epicenter of the pandemic date: 2020-05-05 words: 3982.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.txt summary: In this case-based formatted report, we present the Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, NY) Department of Neurosurgery institutional experience in the epicenter of the pandemic and the guiding principles for our current management of intracranial, skull base, and spine tumors. In this paper, we present our institutional neurosurgical oncology patient management approach for the treatment of brain and spine tumors during the COVID-19 pandemic in NYC. The following example cases are solely to provide our guiding principles and experience at this unprecedented time in neurosurgical practice at a large tertiary care academic medical center in NYC, the heart of the coronavirus pandemic in the United States. In this report, we provide examples of the Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, NY) neurosurgical experience and clinical reasoning for the changes in management of brain and spine tumors. abstract: The challenges of neurosurgical patient management and surgical decision-making during the 2019–2020 COVID-19 worldwide pandemic are immense and never-before-seen in our generation of neurosurgeons. In this case-based formatted report, we present the Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, NY) Department of Neurosurgery institutional experience in the epicenter of the pandemic and the guiding principles for our current management of intracranial, skull base, and spine tumors. The detailed explanations of our surgical reasoning for each tumor case is tailored to assist neurosurgeons across the United States as they face these complex operative decisions put forth by the realities of the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32372178/ doi: 10.1007/s11060-020-03523-7 id: cord-336934-57kbz29c author: Kesteman, Thomas title: Investigating Pneumonia Etiology Among Refugees and the Lebanese population (PEARL): A study protocol date: 2019-06-13 words: 9602.0 sentences: 444.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336934-57kbz29c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336934-57kbz29c.txt summary: pneumoniae serotypes in nasopharyngeal and blood samples; identify the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the pathogenic bacteria isolated from nasopharyngeal and blood samples and compare these profiles with antibiotic prescriptions; examine the association between respiratory viral infections and invasive pneumococcal infections; identify risk factors for CAP in this population, especially those that may be modifiable (crowding, tobacco smoking, domestic sources of smoke produced by cooking or heating, etc.), and thus provide data for prevention programs; provide current data on the incidence and severity of CAP in vulnerable populations in Lebanon; provide a unique transcriptomics dataset as regards the sociodemographic profile of the patients and spectrum of diseases; compare microbiological and transcriptomic methods in estimating viral vs bacterial attributable fractions of LRTI; and assess the operational capacity of rapid, nuclear acid-based point-of-care diagnostic tests in a humanitarian crisis. abstract: Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), a leading cause of mortality, mainly affects children in developing countries. The harsh circumstances experienced by refugees include various factors associated with respiratory pathogen transmission, and clinical progression of CAP. Consequently, the etiology of CAP in humanitarian crisis situations may differ to that of settled populations, which would impact appropriate case management. Therefore, the Pneumonia Etiology Among Refugees and the Lebanese population (PEARL) study was initiated with the objective of identifying the causal pathogenic microorganisms in the respiratory tract of children and adults from both the refugee and host country population presenting with signs of CAP during a humanitarian crisis. Methods: PEARL, a prospective, multicentric, case-control study, will be conducted at four primary healthcare facilities in Tripoli and the Bekaa valley over 15 months (including two high-transmission seasons/winters). Sociodemographic and medical data, and biological samples will be collected from at least 600 CAP cases and 600 controls. Nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, urine and blood samples will be analyzed at five clinical pathology laboratories in Lebanon to identify the bacterial and viral etiological agents of CAP. Transcriptomic profiling of host leukocytes will be performed. Conclusions: PEARL is an original observational study that will provide important new information on the etiology of pneumonia among refugees, which may improve case management, help design antimicrobial stewardship interventions, and reduce morbidity and mortality due to CAP in a humanitarian crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12811.2 doi: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12811.2 id: cord-326584-io2f52kn author: Killeen, G. title: Why lockdown? Simplified arithmetic tools for decision-makers, health professionals, journalists and the general public to explore containment options for the novel coronavirus date: 2020-04-20 words: 8767.0 sentences: 422.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326584-io2f52kn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326584-io2f52kn.txt summary: Faced with such brutally difficult decisions, it is essential that as many people as possible understand (1) why lock-down interventions represent the only realistic way for individual countries to contain their national-level epidemics before they turn into public health catastrophes, (2) why these need to be implemented so early, so aggressively and for such extended periods, and (3) why international co-operation to conditionally re-open trade and travel between countries that have successfully eliminated local transmission represents the only way to contain the pandemic at global level. Faced with such brutally difficult decisions, it is essential for policy-makers, health professionals, journalists and the general public that as many people as possible understand (1) why lock-down interventions represent the only realistic way for individual countries to contain their national-level epidemics before they turn into public health catastrophes, (2) why these need to be implemented so early, so aggressively and for such extended periods, and (3) why international co-operation to conditionally re-open trade and travel between countries that have successfully eliminated local transmission represents the only way to contain the pandemic at global level. abstract: Half the world's population is already under lock-down and the remainder will have to follow if the ongoing novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) virus pandemic is to be contained. Faced with such brutally difficult decisions, it is essential that as many people as possible understand (1) why lock-down interventions represent the only realistic way for individual countries to contain their national-level epidemics before they turn into public health catastrophes, (2) why these need to be implemented so early, so aggressively and for such extended periods, and (3) why international co-operation to conditionally re-open trade and travel between countries that have successfully eliminated local transmission represents the only way to contain the pandemic at global level. Here we present simplified arithmetic models of COVID-19 transmission, control and elimination in user-friendly Shiny and Excel formats that allow non-specialists to explore, query, critique and understand the containment decisions facing their country and the world at large. Based on parameter values representative of the United Republic of Tanzania, which is still early enough in its epidemic cycle and response to avert a national catastrophe, national containment and elimination with less than 10 deaths is predicted for highly rigorous lock down within 5 weeks of the first confirmed cases and maintained for 15 weeks. However, elimination may only be sustained if case importation from outside the country is comprehensively contained by isolating for three weeks all incoming travellers, except those from countries certified as COVID-free in the future. Any substantive relaxation of these assumptions, specifically shortening the lock-down period, less rigorous lock-down or imperfect importation containment, may facilitate epidemic re-initiation, resulting in over half a million deaths unless rigorously contained a second time. Removing contact tracing and isolation has minimal impact on successful containment trajectories because high incidence of similar mild symptoms caused by other common pathogens attenuates detection success of COVID-19 testing. Nevertheless, contact tracing is recommended as an invaluable epidemiological surveillance platform for monitoring and characterizing the epidemic, and for understanding the influence of interventions on transmission dynamics. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.15.20066845v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20066845 id: cord-290902-9ibswt32 author: Kim, Jong-Hyun title: Infectious diseases in children and adolescents in the Republic of Korea; Past & recent status date: 2011-12-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Compared to the past decades, in recent decades, environmental and hygienic conditions in the Republic of Korea have improved along with socioeconomic developments, and the incidence of most infectious diseases, especially vaccine-preventable diseases, has greatly decreased due to active immunization with the developed level of health care. However, the incidence of some diseases has been increasing, and new diseases have been emerging. To cope with such changes actively, the government put the "Law for Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases" into effect; this law was entirely revised on December 30, 2010. In this report, I review the past and recent status of infectious diseases in the Republic of Korea, following the introduction of this law, on the basis of data in the "National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System", which had been accumulated between the years 1960 and 2010. url: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2011.54.12.489 doi: 10.3345/kjp.2011.54.12.489 id: cord-312615-q333qgps author: Knobbe, Rebecca B title: Pathogens Causing Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Less Than 5 Years of Age in Senegal date: 2019-12-30 words: 4466.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312615-q333qgps.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312615-q333qgps.txt summary: The aim of this study was to identity the various respiratory pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections in children below 5 years of age visiting a sub-urban primary care clinic in Senegal. CONCLUSIONS: This case-control study in a primary care setting in sub-Saharan Africa found influenza virus A and B, RSV, and S pneumoniae to be the main causes of acute respiratory tract infections in children below 5 years of age. Therefore, the aim of this case-control study was to investigate the prevalence of the different viruses and bacteria colonizing the airways and their association with the occurrence of ARTIs and severity of disease in children less than 5 years of age, visiting a sub-urban primary care clinic in Dakar, Senegal. This case-control study investigates the prevalence of the different viruses and bacteria colonizing the airways and their 6 Microbiology Insights association with the occurrence of ARTIs in children visiting a sub-urban primary care clinic in Senegal. abstract: INTRODUCTION: While acute respiratory tract infections are the main cause of paediatric mortality and morbidity worldwide, pathogen patterns shift due to factors such as hygiene, vaccinations, and antibiotic resistance. Knowledge about current cause of respiratory infections is lacking, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to identity the various respiratory pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections in children below 5 years of age visiting a sub-urban primary care clinic in Senegal. METHODS: A case-control study was performed in September and October 2018. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from cases; infants with fever and respiratory symptoms, and controls; children involved in the vaccination programme. Viral identification was conducted by polymerase chain reaction for 21 different viruses; bacteria were identified by culture studies. Associations between microorganisms, acute respiratory infection and severity of disease were calculated by multivariate regression adjusting for confounders such as age, sex, and living area. RESULTS: Overall, 102 cases and 96 controls were included. Microorganisms were detected in 90.1% of cases and 53.7% of controls (P < .001). Influenza virus A (including H1N1), influenza virus B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Streptococcus pneumoniae were independently associated with acute respiratory tract infections. Co-detection of two or more pathogens was present in 49.5% of cases; 31.7% of cases had a pneumonia and 90.2% was treated with antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: This case-control study in a primary care setting in sub-Saharan Africa found influenza virus A and B, RSV, and S pneumoniae to be the main causes of acute respiratory tract infections in children below 5 years of age. We recommend evaluation of antibiotics prescription behaviour in this setting. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1178636119890885 doi: 10.1177/1178636119890885 id: cord-253851-27nt0op8 author: Koh, David title: SARS: health care work can be hazardous to health date: 2003-06-17 words: 1451.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253851-27nt0op8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253851-27nt0op8.txt summary: Health care workers (HCWs) are a high-risk group for SARS-CoV infection. As at 4 May, 41% of 203 SARS patients in Singapore and 22% of 1629 cases in Hong Kong [7] were HCWs. The majority of cases in Canada (74.4%) have been attributed to exposure in a hospital or health care setting [8] . That the cluster of cases included housekeepers is also significant-preventive measures need to target much broader groups of HCWs than just the doctors and nurses in direct contact with patients. This was the case in a Singapore hospital [11] , where the experience was reported as: ''We did not see any further transmission from this index patient after we implemented strict infection control measures involving use of N95 masks, gown, gloves, and handwashing before and after patient contact''. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12815118/ doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqg090 id: cord-300583-0krbrj4w author: Koh, Wee Chian title: Estimating the impact of physical distancing measures in containing COVID-19: an empirical analysis date: 2020-08-13 words: 3743.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300583-0krbrj4w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300583-0krbrj4w.txt summary: METHODS: We identified three distinct physical distancing measures with varying intensity and implemented at different times—international travel controls, restrictions on mass gatherings, and lockdown-type measures—based on the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. INTERPRETATION: A combination of physical distancing measures, if implemented early, can be effective in containing COVID-19—tight border controls to limit importation of cases, encouraging physical distancing, moderately stringent measures such as working from home, and a full lockdown in the case of a probable uncontrolled outbreak. is the average reproduction number of country over the 14 days following the date of the 100 th case; is country ''s physical distancing measure of type on the date of the 100 th case; represents the country characteristic (income level, population density, age structure, and temperature) of country ; is a constant term, ''s are the regression coefficients, and denotes the error term. abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemic modelling studies predict that physical distancing is critical in containing COVID-19. However, few empirical studies have validated this finding. Our study evaluates the effectiveness of different physical distancing measures in controlling viral transmission. METHODS: We identified three distinct physical distancing measures with varying intensity and implemented at different times—international travel controls, restrictions on mass gatherings, and lockdown-type measures—based on the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. We also estimated the time-varying reproduction number (R(t)) for 142 countries and tracked R(t) temporally for two weeks following the 100th reported case in each country. We regressed R(t) on the physical distancing measures and other control variables (income, population density, age structure, and temperature) and performed several robustness checks to validate our findings. FINDINGS: Complete travel bans and all forms of lockdown-type measures have been effective in reducing average R(t) over the 14 days following the 100th case. Recommended stay-at-home advisories and partial lockdowns are as effective as complete lockdowns in outbreak control. However, these measures have to be implemented early to be effective. Based on the observed median timing across countries worldwide, lockdown-type measures are considered early if they were instituted about two weeks before the 100th case and travel bans a week before detection of the first case. INTERPRETATION: A combination of physical distancing measures, if implemented early, can be effective in containing COVID-19—tight border controls to limit importation of cases, encouraging physical distancing, moderately stringent measures such as working from home, and a full lockdown in the case of a probable uncontrolled outbreak. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.026 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.026 id: cord-316006-t080mykk author: Kong, Dechuan title: Clusters of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) cases in Chinese tour groups date: 2020-07-27 words: 3188.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316006-t080mykk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316006-t080mykk.txt summary: Our study describes clusters of COVID-19 cases within tour groups travelling in European countries from January 16 through 28. Tour group transmission may have occurred in the following sceParis-Shanghai, all of the confirmed and suspected cases had seats within two rows ( Figure 3 ). We reported three clusters of COVID-19 confirmed cases in three tour groups travelling in European countries and one cluster of suspected cases on one flight in late January 2020. In group A, the cluster was initiated by a familial transmission, followed by spread of disease to 13 out of 34 members in the 12-day tour. In conclusion, we reported a cluster of 13 COVID-19 cases, which was initiated by within-family transmission followed by propagative transmission into tour groups travelling in European countries. The study findings show that clustered cases in tour groups may be more propagative than simple familial transmission. Clusters of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Chinese tour groups abstract: International travel may facilitate the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). The study describes clusters of COVID‐19 cases within Chinese tour groups travelling in Europe January 16–28. We compared characteristics of cases and non‐cases to determine transmission dynamics. The index case travelled from Wuhan, China, to Europe on 16 January 2020, and to Shanghai, China, on 27 January 2020, within a tour group (group A). Tour groups with the same outbound flight (group B) or the same tourism venue (group D) and all Chinese passengers on the inbound flight (group C) were investigated. The outbreak involved 11 confirmed cases, 10 suspected cases and six tourists who remained healthy. Group A, involving seven confirmed cases and six suspected cases, consisted of familial transmission followed by propagative transmission. There was less pathogenicity with propagative transmission than with familial transmission. Disease was transmitted in shared outbound flights, shopping venues within Europe and inbound flight back to China. The novel coronavirus caused clustered cases of COVID‐19 in tour groups. When tourism and travel opens up, governments will need to improve screening at airports and consider increased surveillance of tour groups—particularly those with older tour members. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32657548/ doi: 10.1111/tbed.13729 id: cord-310144-s25do8cb author: Lara-Reyna, Jacques title: “Staying Home” - Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-27 words: 3836.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310144-s25do8cb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310144-s25do8cb.txt summary: In an attempt to slow the progression of COVID-19 pandemic, New York state and city governments enacted strict social distancing policies starting on March 12th, which included a progressive restriction and cancellation of non-fundamental activities, like the closure of schools, restaurants, bars, and business; as well as the cancellation of all elective surgical procedures. To assess these possible changes, we reviewed all neurotrauma admissions to our trauma center during the early COVID-19 period, and assessed changes in frequency, demographics, and mechanisms, in order to highlight any changes due to social distancing policies. 8 During this time period, we observed a decrease in the frequency of neurotrauma at the early phase after the strict limitation of non-essential activities in the city, compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. Interestingly, transit-related neurotrauma, as well as TBIs related to violence (direct head trauma with an object) increased in frequency in the COVID-19 period showing significant difference. abstract: ABSTRACT Objective New York City is the epicenter of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. Traumatic brain injury accounts for a significant proportion of admissions to our trauma center. We sought to characterize the effect of the pandemic on neurotraumas, given the cancellation of non-essential activities during the crisis. Methods Retrospective and prospective review were performed from November 2019 to April 2020. General demographics, clinical status, mechanism of trauma, diagnosis, and treatment instituted were recorded. We dichotomized the data between pre-COVID-19 (before March 1st) and COVID-19 periods and compared the differences between the two groups. We present the timeline of events since the beginning of crisis in relation to the number of neurotraumas. Results A total of 150 patients composed our cohort with a mean age of 66.2 years (SD+/-: 18.9), and 66% male. More males sustained neurotrauma in the COVID-19 period compared with the pre-COVID-19 (60.4% vs 77.6%, p=0.03). The most common mechanism of trauma was mechanical fall, but it was observed less frequently compared to the pre-COVID-19 period (61.4% vs 40.8; p=0.03). Subdural hematoma, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral contusion accounted for the most common pathologies in both periods. Non-operative management was selected for most patients (79.2 vs 87.8%, p= 0.201) in both periods. Conclusions A decrease in the frequency of neurotraumas was observed during the COVID-19 crisis concomitant with the increase in COVID-19 patients in the city. This trend began after the cancellation of non-essential activities and the implementation of social distancing recommendations. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.155 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.155 id: cord-290567-hyod58n2 author: Laxmipriya, S. title: COVID-19 and its relationship to particulate matter pollution – case study from part of greater chennai, india date: 2020-10-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: It is well known that atmospheric contamination, especially the particulate matter (PM), causes severe human diseases. Yet, presently air pollution levels have dropped primarily attributable across the nation lockdown forced in the wake of the novel Coronavirus outbreak. In this study, we have attempted to establish a conceivable relationship between Covid 19 and PM10–2.5, obtained from eleven airquality monitoring stations in Chennai city, India for both Pre and during Covid situations and its influence over Covid positive cases. The observations of the materials (+ve cases, PM 10, PM 2.5) collected proved that during precovid regime less polluted areas are indicated with less than 5 infection cases reflecting the healthy people and they are less vulnerable to covid except the few occurrence of foreign source indicating no community spread whereus most polluted spots of precovid regimes are indicated with more than 90 % cases and indicated that people in pollution zones are succumbed to get infected quickly. However, during Covid the lockdown has considerably reduced the particulate suspension and the results revealed that the +ve cases are of the nature of community spreading through primary and secondary contacts as reported from the media. If Covid is a visible, brutally virulent, incredibly contagious pandemic that kills rapidly and mercilessly, air pollution is its unseen evil twin. Under the radar, but even ruthlessly, if Covid and PM paired together lead to murder without delay. This is a non-communicable disease (NCD) slow-motion pandemic, equivalent-if not exceeding-the catastrophic wrath of SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785320375209?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.768 id: cord-333928-boq65pci author: Lee, Jia‐Jung title: Review of the present features and the infection control challenges of COVID‐19 pandemic in dialysis facilities date: 2020-06-03 words: 1725.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333928-boq65pci.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333928-boq65pci.txt summary: Taiwan has 429 COVID-19 confirmed cases with clinical presentation including 298 (69.6%) cases of mild disease, 95 (22.2%) cases of pneumonia, 35 (8.2%) cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and six deaths (1.4%). Accordingly, this interim summary is not a comprehensive review but aims to update present clinical information and infection control strategies currently focusing on COVID-19 control in dialysis facilities. In the first case series reported in the United States, in the presentation and outcome of 21 critically ill patients, the majority was linked to exposure at a skilled nursing facility. 10 One large, retrospective case series of 1591 COVID-19-positive cases who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in the Lombardy Region of Italy showed similar presentation and patient outcomes. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury: An analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan, China abstract: The COVID‐19 has swept the world causing suffering, death, loss, and massive economy damage. The dialysis population is vulnerable and the dialysis facility is critical in maintaining operations and avoiding disease transmission. The present information regarding the clinical features of COVID‐19 infection in the dialysis population was collected, and the useful measures of COVID‐19 infection prevention and infection control in the dialysis facilities were summarized. Leadership, education, preparedness, management, and recovery phase were determined to be the critical procedures. It is hoped this updated interim review might provide information for medical professionals to take proactive action to best prepare and mitigate damage when facing the COVID‐19 pandemic challenge. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32492290/ doi: 10.1002/kjm2.12239 id: cord-294118-tm2kesum author: Lemos, Daniele Rocha Queiros title: Health system collapse 45 days after the detection of COVID-19 in Ceará, Northeast Brazil: a preliminary analysis date: 2020-07-03 words: 2358.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294118-tm2kesum.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294118-tm2kesum.txt summary: This study aim to describe the epidemiological course of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 and their impact on hospital bed occupancy rates in the first 45 days of the epidemic in the state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: The first 45 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ceará revealed a large number of cases and deaths, spreading initially among the population with a high socioeconomic status. In Brazil, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed on February 26, 2020, and the first death on March 17, both in the state of São Paulo 7 . We describe the epidemiological scenario of cases and deaths from COVID-19 and their impact on hospital bed occupancy rate in the first 45 days (February 17 to April 27, 2020) of the epidemic in Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. The study used an ecological design to compare confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths to bed occupancy rates in Ceará. abstract: INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 and quickly became a serious public health problem worldwide. This study aim to describe the epidemiological course of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 and their impact on hospital bed occupancy rates in the first 45 days of the epidemic in the state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: The study used an ecological design with data gathered from multiple government and health care sources. Data were analyzed using Epi Info software. RESULTS: The first cases were confirmed on March 15, 2020. After 45 days, 37,268 cases reported in 85.9% of Ceará’s municipalities, with 1,019 deaths. Laboratory test positivity reached 84.8% at the end of April, a period in which more than 700 daily tests were processed. The average age of cases was 67 (<1 - 101) years, most occurred in a hospital environment (91.9%), and 58% required hospitalization in an ICU bed. The average time between the onset of symptoms and death was 18 (1 - 56) days. Patients who died in the hospital had spent an average of six (0 - 40) days hospitalized. Across Ceará, the bed occupancy rate reached 71.3% in the wards and 80.5% in the ICU. CONCLUSIONS: The first 45 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ceará revealed a large number of cases and deaths, spreading initially among the population with a high socioeconomic status. Despite the efforts by the health services and social isolation measures the health system still collapsed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32638888/ doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0354-2020 id: cord-343234-ps12f9jq author: Levallois, P. title: Risk of Infectious Gastroenteritis in Young Children Living in Québec Rural Areas with Intensive Animal Farming: Results of a Case–Control Study (2004–2007) date: 2013-02-14 words: 5457.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343234-ps12f9jq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343234-ps12f9jq.txt summary: The quality of the drinking water used by the participants was investigated for microbial indicators as well as for four zoonotic bacterial pathogens (Campylobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Yersinia spp) and two enteric parasites (Cryptosporidium spp and Giardia spp). We conducted a population-based case-control survey of all children aged less than 5 years and living in a large rural area, with intensive animal farming, admitted to hospitals or notified to the public health department (as reportable diseases), with symptoms of acute diarrhoea during a period of 21 months. We defined a case as a child who was (i) a resident of the study area; (ii) aged from 6 months to 5 years; (iii) either (a) hospitalized for diarrhoea in the absence of a diagnosed chronic gastrointestinal disease; or (b) notified to the public health department with a laboratory diagnosis of gastroenteritis for one of the microbial enteric pathogens of interest. abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology of severe gastroenteritis in children living in Québec rural areas with intensive livestock activities. From September 2005 through June 2007, 165 cases of gastroenteritis in children aged from 6 months to 5 years, hospitalized or notified to the public health department were enrolled, and 326 eligible controls participated. The parents of cases and controls were asked questions about different gastroenteritis risk factors. The quality of the drinking water used by the participants was investigated for microbial indicators as well as for four zoonotic bacterial pathogens (Campylobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Yersinia spp) and two enteric parasites (Cryptosporidium spp and Giardia spp). From 134 stool specimen analysed, viruses were detected in 82 cases (61%), while 28 (21%) were found with at least one of the bacteria investigated, and five cases were infected by parasites. Campylobacteriosis was the main bacterial infection (n = 15), followed by Salmonella sp (n = 7) and E. coli O157:H7 (n = 5) among cases with bacterial gastroenteritis. No significant difference was found between cases and controls regarding the quality of water consumed; the frequency of faecal contamination of private wells was also similar between cases and controls. Considering the total cases (including those with a virus), no link was found between severe gastroenteritis and either being in contact with animals or living in a municipality with the highest animal density (4th quartile). However, when considering only cases with a bacterial or parasite infection (n = 32), there was a weak association with pig density that was not statistically significant after adjusting for potential confounders. Contact with domestic, zoo or farm animals were the only environmental factor associated with the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12039 doi: 10.1111/zph.12039 id: cord-286477-0euaaspo author: Li, Xiaochen title: Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan date: 2020-04-12 words: 3243.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt summary: This study aims to describe and compare the 141 epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics as well as the 142 complications, treatment and outcomes of hospitalized patients with nonsevere and severe 143 COVID-19. Comparison of findings between nonsevere and severe cases in 223 the patients with positive viral nucleic acid test pre-admission showed essentially the similar 224 differences to that in the total patients (see Table E1 in the Online Repository). In the follow-up period, the complications of COVID-19 were assessed , including acute 297 respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (38.3%), cardiac injury (21.7%), liver dysfunction (19.3%), 298 acute kidney injury (17.3%), bacteremia (7.7%), diffuse intravascular coagulation (7.7%), and 299 hyperglycemia (33.2%) ( This study provided a comprehensive data on the epidemiological, demographic, clinical, 338 laboratory, and radiological characteristics as well as the complications, treatment, and outcomes 339 of hospitalized patients with nonsevere and severe COVID-19 in Wuhan. abstract: Abstract Background In December 2019, COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Wuhan. Data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 are limited. Objective The severity on admission, complications, treatment, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients were evaluated. Methods Patients with COVID-19 admitted to Tongji Hospital from January 26, 2020 to February 5, 2020 were retrospectively enrolled and followed-up until March 3, 2020. Potential risk factors for severe COVID-19 were analyzed by a multivariable binary logistic model. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for survival analysis in severe patients. Results We identified 269 (49.1%) of 548 patients as severe cases on admission. Elder age, underlying hypertension, high cytokine levels (IL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-a), and high LDH level were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 on admission. The prevalence of asthma in COVID-19 patients was 0.9%, markedly lower than that in the adult population of Wuhan. The estimated mortality was 1.1% in nonsevere patients and 32.5% in severe cases during the average 32 days of follow-up period. Survival analysis revealed that male, elder age, leukocytosis, high LDH level, cardiac injury, hyperglycemia, and high-dose corticosteroid use were associated with death in patients with severe COVID-19. Conclusions Patients with elder age, hypertension, and high LDH level need careful observation and early intervention to prevent the potential development of severe COVID-19. Severe male patients with heart injury, hyperglycemia, and high-dose corticosteroid use may have high risk of death. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0091674920304954 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.006 id: cord-327301-5eko4htz author: Li, Yang title: Chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in preschool children: a retrospective study date: 2020-05-18 words: 3395.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327301-5eko4htz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327301-5eko4htz.txt summary: METHODS: From January 26, 2020 to February 20, 2020, the clinical and initial chest CT imaging data of eight preschool children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from two hospitals were retrospectively collected. The present study indicates that infected preschool children have different clinical symptoms and CT imaging findings from those of adults. The present findings indicate that the chest CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia in preschool children differ from those in adults. The early-stage imaging features of preschool children are not typical, mainly presenting consolidations, while the most common early-stage CT feature in adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is the GGO distributed along the bronchovascular bundle or the dorsolateral and subpleural part of the lungs [12] . In summary, the chest CT imaging features and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in preschool children are atypical and various, and are relatively mild or moderate compared with adult patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, the World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. So far, however, limited data are available for children. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the clinical and chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 in preschool children. METHODS: From January 26, 2020 to February 20, 2020, the clinical and initial chest CT imaging data of eight preschool children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from two hospitals were retrospectively collected. The chest CT imaging characteristics, including the distribution, shape, and density of lesions, and the pleural effusion, pleural changes, and enlarged lymph nodes were evaluated. RESULTS: Two cases (25%) were classified as mild type, and they showed no obvious abnormal CT findings or minimal pleural thickening on the right side. Five cases (62.5%) were classified as moderate type. Among these patients, one case showed consolidation located in the subpleural region of the right upper lobe, with thickening in the adjacent pleura; one case showed multiple consolidation and ground-glass opacities with blurry margins; one case displayed bronchial pneumonia-like changes in the left upper lobe; and two cases displayed asthmatic bronchitis-like changes. One case (12.5%) was classified as critical type and showed bronchial pneumonia-like changes in the bilateral lungs, presenting blurred and messy bilateral lung markings and multiple patchy shadows scattered along the lung markings with blurry margins. CONCLUSIONS: The chest CT findings of COVID-19 in preschool children are atypical and various. Accurate diagnosis requires a comprehensive evaluation of epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and CT imaging data. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02140-7 doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02140-7 id: cord-344008-h4kc04w0 author: Liang, Donghai title: Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States date: 2020-09-21 words: 5751.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt summary: We used both single and multipollutant models and controlled for spatial trends and a comprehensive set of potential confounders, including state-level test positive rate, county-level healthcare capacity, phase-of-epidemic, population mobility, population density, sociodemographics, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, behavioral risk factors, and meteorology. To address these analytical gaps and contribute towards a more complete understanding of the impact of long-term exposures to ambient air pollution on COVID-19-related health consequences, we conducted a nationwide study in the USA (3,122 counties) examining associations between multiple key ambient air pollutants, NO 2 , PM 2.5 , and O 3 , and COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality rates in both single and multi-pollutant models, with J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f comprehensive covariate adjustment. We hypothesized that residents living in counties with higher long-term ambient air pollution levels may be more susceptible to COVID-19 severe outcomes, thus resulting in higher COVID-19 case-fatality rates and mortality rates. abstract: Background The novel human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has claimed more than 600,000 lives worldwide, causing tremendous public health, social, and economic damages. While the risk factors of COVID-19 are still under investigation, environmental factors, such as urban air pollution, may play an important role in increasing population susceptibility to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional nationwide study using zero-inflated negative binomial models to estimate the association between long-term (2010-2016) county-level exposures to NO2, PM2.5 and O3 and county-level COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality rates in the US. We used both single and multipollutant models and controlled for spatial trends and a comprehensive set of potential confounders, including state-level test positive rate, county-level healthcare capacity, phase-of-epidemic, population mobility, population density, sociodemographics, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, behavioral risk factors, and meteorology. Results 3,659,828 COVID-19 cases and 138,552 deaths were reported in 3,076 US counties from January 22, 2020 to July 17, 2020, with an overall observed case-fatality rate of 3.8%. County-level average NO2 concentrations were positively associated with both COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate in single-, bi-, and tri-pollutant models. When adjusted for co-pollutants, per inter-quartile range (IQR) increase in NO2 (4.6 ppb), COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate were associated with an increase of 11.3% (95% CI 4.9% to 18.2%) and 16.2% (95% CI 8.7% to 24.0%), respectively. We did not observe significant associations between COVID-19 case-fatality rate and long-term exposure to PM2.5 or O3, although per IQR increase in PM2.5 (2.6 ug/m3) was marginally associated with 14.9% (95% CI: 0.0% to 31.9%) increase in COVID-19 mortality rate when adjusted for co-pollutants. Discussion Long-term exposure to NO2, which largely arises from urban combustion sources such as traffic, may enhance susceptibility to severe COVID-19 outcomes, independent of long-term PM2.5 and O3 exposure. The results support targeted public health actions to protect residents from COVID-19 in heavily polluted regions with historically high NO2 levels. Continuation of current efforts to lower traffic emissions and ambient air pollution may be an important component of reducing population-level risk of COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100047 doi: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100047 id: cord-262623-lmf2h6oc author: Light, R. Bruce title: Plagues in the ICU: A Brief History of Community-Acquired Epidemic and Endemic Transmissible Infections Leading to Intensive Care Admission date: 2009-01-31 words: 7817.0 sentences: 318.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.txt summary: In addition to the HIV pandemic, the smaller epidemic outbreaks of Legionnaire''s disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and severe acute respiratory syndrome, among many others, points out the potential risk associated with a lack of preplanning and preparedness. In the late 1970s, emergency rooms and ICUs throughout North America began to see an increasing number of young menstruating women presenting with a previously little-known syndrome characterized by sudden onset of a high fever, often associated with vomiting and diarrhea, quickly followed by severe hypotension. At the beginning of the epidemic, most patients presenting for care with HIV/AIDS and Pneumocystosis were severely ill with diffuse pneumonia and hypoxemic respiratory failure and many died, 80%-90% in most centers, prompting widespread debate about whether such patients should even be admitted to ICU for mechanical ventilatory support. abstract: The ability to diagnose and treat infectious diseases and handle infectious disease outbreaks continues to improve. For the most part, the major plagues of antiquity remain historical footnotes, yet, despite many advances, there is clear evidence that major pandemic illness is always just one outbreak away. In addition to the HIV pandemic, the smaller epidemic outbreaks of Legionnaire's disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and severe acute respiratory syndrome, among many others, points out the potential risk associated with a lack of preplanning and preparedness. Although pandemic influenza is at the top of the list when discussing possible future major infectious disease outbreaks, the truth is that the identity of the next major pandemic pathogen cannot be predicted with any accuracy. We can only hope that general preparedness and the lessons learned from previous outbreaks suffice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19268795/ doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2008.11.002 id: cord-290206-fmy4zrim author: Lim, Jue Tao title: The Costs of an Expanded Screening Criteria for COVID-19: A Modelling Study date: 2020-08-12 words: 4208.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290206-fmy4zrim.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290206-fmy4zrim.txt summary: The screening process should therefore maximise sensitivity to minimise the number of missed cases and risk of nosocomial transmission, which occurred in Singapore during another coronavirus outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003. Using ESC, NUH clinicians were able to identify and isolate 13 patients who did not fit the WHO SARS criteria but were eventually confirmed to have SARS, who would have otherwise been potential spreaders (the number of positive and negative cases for SARS are presented in Supplementary Table 1.) 12 Clinicians responded to the COVID-19 crisis similarly, implementing ESC on 7 th February 2020, which was approximately three weeks after the first imported case. At an of 2.5 and incubation period (IP) of 4 days, approximate to estimates by Wu and colleagues 29 for Wuhan, an estimated 240 (95% CI: 200-290) cases would be prevented over 150 days through ESC by isolating patients presenting fever or respiratory symptoms such as cough with their travel and exposure profile not considered (Table 2) . abstract: OBJECTIVES: Nosocomial infection is an ongoing concern in the COVID-19 outbreak. The effective screening of suspected cases in the healthcare setting is therefore necessary, enabling the early identification and prompt isolation of cases for epidemic containment. We aimed to assess the cost and health outcomes of an extended screening strategy, implemented in Singapore on 07 February 2020, which maximizes case identification in the public healthcare system. METHODS: We explored the effects of the expanded screening criteria which allows clinicians to isolate and investigate patients presenting with undifferentiated fever or respiratory symptoms or chest x-ray abnormalities. We formulated a cost appraisal framework which evaluated the treatment costs averted from the prevention of secondary transmission in the hospital setting, as determined by a branching process infection model, and compared these to the costs of the additional testing required to meet the criteria. RESULTS: In the base case analysis, an [Formula: see text] of 2.5 and incubation period of 4 days, an estimated 239 (95% CI: 201-287) cases could be averted over 150 days within the hospital setting through ESC. A corresponding $2.36 (2 – 2.85) million USD costs could be averted with net cost savings of $124 000 (95% CI: -334 000–516 000). In the sensitivity analyses, when positive identification rates (PIR) were above 7%, regardless of [Formula: see text] and incubation period, all scenarios were cost-saving. CONCLUSION: The expanded screening criteria can help to identify and promptly isolate positive COVID cases in a cost-saving manner or within acceptable cost margins where the costs incurred from the testing of negative patients could be negated by the averted costs. Outbreak control must be sustainable and effective; the proposed screening criteria should be considered to mitigate nosocomial transmission risk within healthcare facilities. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971220306548 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.025 id: cord-302774-ekw2oxw2 author: Lin, Gary title: Explaining the Bomb-Like Dynamics of COVID-19 with Modeling and the Implications for Policy date: 2020-04-07 words: 4452.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.txt summary: Given the mounting evidence that potentially large fractions of the population are asymptomatic, the weaker priors that generate the high R0 values to fit the data required assumptions about the epidemiology of COVID-19 that do not fit with the biology, particularly regarding the timeframe that people remain infectious. Our results suggest that models of transmission assuming a relatively lower R0 value that do not consider a large number of asymptomatic cases can result in misunderstanding of the underlying dynamics, leading to poor policy decisions and outcomes. Our goal was to estimate the ranges of parameters that would fit the data of the beginning of an outbreak in a country, assuming that initially the effects of distancing and other measures to control the disease are largely absent and thus the data are largely representative of the transmission dynamics but that some proportion of the infected population is not observed. abstract: Using a Bayesian approach to epidemiological compartmental modeling, we demonstrate the bomb-like behavior of exponential growth in COVID-19 cases can be explained by transmission of asymptomatic and mild cases that are typically unreported at the beginning of pandemic events due to lower prevalence of testing. We studied the exponential phase of the pandemic in Italy, Spain, and South Korea, and found the R0 to be 2.56 (95% CrI, 2.41-2.71), 3.23 (95% CrI, 3.06-3.4), and 2.36 (95% CrI, 2.22-2.5) if we use Bayesian priors that assume a large portion of cases are not detected. Weaker priors regarding the detection rate resulted in R0 values of 9.22 (95% CrI, 9.01-9.43), 9.14 (95% CrI, 8.99-9.29), and 8.06 (95% CrI, 7.82-8.3) and assumes nearly 90% of infected patients are identified. Given the mounting evidence that potentially large fractions of the population are asymptomatic, the weaker priors that generate the high R0 values to fit the data required assumptions about the epidemiology of COVID-19 that do not fit with the biology, particularly regarding the timeframe that people remain infectious. Our results suggest that models of transmission assuming a relatively lower R0 value that do not consider a large number of asymptomatic cases can result in misunderstanding of the underlying dynamics, leading to poor policy decisions and outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.05.20054338 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.05.20054338 id: cord-142389-t5swlp04 author: Linden, Matthias title: The foreshadow of a second wave: An analysis of current COVID-19 fatalities in Germany date: 2020-10-12 words: 3725.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-142389-t5swlp04.txt txt: ./txt/cord-142389-t5swlp04.txt summary: We investigated this apparent discrepancy using age-stratified case and death reports [3] , and an age-dependent infection fatality rate (IFR). From this age-dependent IFR we predict the temporal evolution of the COVID-19associated deaths by delaying each age group''s observed weekly cases by two weeks and multiplying by the IFR (see supplementary material). The observed number deaths (black) in each age group matches well the predicted deaths calculated from the case numbers (color) using an age-dependent infection-fatality rate from a metaanalysis [4] . b. IFR calculation The overall goal is to estimate death numbers from past reported cases per age group and compare them to the observed number of deaths. c. Estimating the number of deaths from the reported SARS-CoV-2 cases The number of deaths is estimated by multiplying the published weekly number of reported cases in 5-years-wide age groups by the associated IFR (equation (2)). abstract: A second wave of SARS-CoV-2 is unfolding in dozens of countries. However, this second wave manifests itself strongly in new reported cases, but less in death counts compared to the first wave. Over the past three months in Germany, the reported cases increased by a factor five or more, whereas the death counts hardly grew. This discrepancy fueled speculations that the rise of reported cases would not reflect a second wave but only wider testing. We find that this apparent discrepancy can be explained to a large extent by the age structure of the infected, and predict a pronounced increase of death counts in the near future, as the spread once again expands into older age groups. To re-establish control, and to avoid the tipping point when TTI capacity is exceeded, case numbers have to be lowered. Otherwise the control of the spread and the protection of vulnerable people will require more restrictive measures latest when the hospital capacity is reached. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.05850v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-263044-o8aosx2q author: Lipsitch, Marc title: Potential Biases in Estimating Absolute and Relative Case-Fatality Risks during Outbreaks date: 2015-07-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Estimating the case-fatality risk (CFR)—the probability that a person dies from an infection given that they are a case—is a high priority in epidemiologic investigation of newly emerging infectious diseases and sometimes in new outbreaks of known infectious diseases. The data available to estimate the overall CFR are often gathered for other purposes (e.g., surveillance) in challenging circumstances. We describe two forms of bias that may affect the estimation of the overall CFR—preferential ascertainment of severe cases and bias from reporting delays—and review solutions that have been proposed and implemented in past epidemics. Also of interest is the estimation of the causal impact of specific interventions (e.g., hospitalization, or hospitalization at a particular hospital) on survival, which can be estimated as a relative CFR for two or more groups. When observational data are used for this purpose, three more sources of bias may arise: confounding, survivorship bias, and selection due to preferential inclusion in surveillance datasets of those who are hospitalized and/or die. We illustrate these biases and caution against causal interpretation of differential CFR among those receiving different interventions in observational datasets. Again, we discuss ways to reduce these biases, particularly by estimating outcomes in smaller but more systematically defined cohorts ascertained before the onset of symptoms, such as those identified by forward contact tracing. Finally, we discuss the circumstances in which these biases may affect non-causal interpretation of risk factors for death among cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26181387/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003846 id: cord-273601-icituitn author: Liu, M. title: Forecasting the Spread of COVID-19 under Different Reopening Strategies date: 2020-05-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: We combine COVID-19 case data with demographic and mobility data to estimate a modified susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model for the spread of this disease in the United States. We find that the incidence of infectious COVID-19 individuals has a concave effect on contagion, as would be expected if people have inter-related social networks. We also demonstrate that social distancing and population density have large effects on the rate of contagion. The social distancing in late March and April substantially reduced the number of COVID-19 cases. However, the concave contagion pattern means that when social distancing measures are lifted, the growth rate is considerable but will not be exponential as predicted by standard SIR models. Furthermore, counties with the lowest population density could likely avoid high levels of contagion even with no social distancing. We forecast rates of new cases for COVID-19 under different social distancing norms and find that if social distancing is eliminated there will be a massive increase in the cases of COVID-19, about double what would occur if the US only restored to 50% of the way to normalcy. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.26.20113993v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20113993 id: cord-296229-pkwxlydz author: Liu, Yang title: The contribution of pre-symptomatic infection to the transmission dynamics of COVID-2019 date: 2020-04-01 words: 2880.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296229-pkwxlydz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296229-pkwxlydz.txt summary: Methods: Using the probability for symptom onset on a given day inferred from the incubation period, we attributed the serial interval reported from Shenzen, China, into likely pre-symptomatic and symptomatic transmission. We did so by first using the incubation period density distribution to calculate the probability of having developed symptoms on each day since infection and then using this to stratify the serial interval distribution, assumed to be a proxy for the generation time, into likely pre-symptomatic and symptomatic onward transmissions. In the scenario of no active case finding and isolation before six days after symptom onset, and assuming uncorrelated serial interval and incubation period distributions, we estimate that 23% (range accounting for correlation: 12 -28%) of onward transmissions in Shenzen have occurred during the pre-symptomatic period ( Figure 2 and Table 1 ). abstract: Background: Pre-symptomatic transmission can be a key determinant of the effectiveness of containment and mitigation strategies for infectious diseases, particularly if interventions rely on syndromic case finding. For COVID-19, infections in the absence of apparent symptoms have been reported frequently alongside circumstantial evidence for asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic transmission. We estimated the potential contribution of pre-symptomatic cases to COVID-19 transmission. Methods: Using the probability for symptom onset on a given day inferred from the incubation period, we attributed the serial interval reported from Shenzen, China, into likely pre-symptomatic and symptomatic transmission. We used the serial interval derived for cases isolated more than 6 days after symptom onset as the no active case finding scenario and the unrestricted serial interval as the active case finding scenario. We reported the estimate assuming no correlation between the incubation period and the serial interval alongside a range indicating alternative assumptions of positive and negative correlation. Results: We estimated that 23% (range accounting for correlation: 12 – 28%) of transmissions in Shenzen may have originated from pre-symptomatic infections. Through accelerated case isolation following symptom onset, this percentage increased to 46% (21 – 46%), implying that about 35% of secondary infections among symptomatic cases have been prevented. These results were robust to using reported incubation periods and serial intervals from other settings. Conclusions: Pre-symptomatic transmission may be essential to consider for containment and mitigation strategies for COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15788.1 doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15788.1 id: cord-351098-x729wpp7 author: Long, Rachel B. title: Characterizing trends in human-wildlife conflicts in the American Midwest using wildlife rehabilitation records date: 2020-09-11 words: 6361.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351098-x729wpp7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351098-x729wpp7.txt summary: The purpose of this study was to examine the value of wildlife rehabilitation facility admissions records for informing understanding of local human-wildlife conflicts and wildlife disease trends by 1) identifying the top reasons for admission to this facility, 2) examining how occurrences as measured by admitted cases may fluctuate monthly and across taxa, and 3) analyzing trends in commonly admitted disease cases. To examine how human-wildlife conflict as measured by admissions to this facility may vary seasonally and across taxonomic groups, we assessed changes in mean cases admitted per month via Chi-squared tests. We further examined the top four identified specific causes of admission to the wildlife rehabilitation facility: orphaned, dog attacks, cat attacks, and vehicle strikes. Our study demonstrates the value of wildlife rehabilitation records for characterizing local human-wildlife conflicts and potentially select disease trends, as well as how occurrences may fluctuate seasonally and impact taxa differently. abstract: Human-wildlife conflict is difficult to measure, but the analysis of records from wildlife rehabilitation facilities has shown potential as a technique for characterizing human impacts on wildlife. To examine the value of wildlife rehabilitation records for characterizing local human-wildlife conflicts and prevalence of select wildlife diseases, we reviewed 45,668 records representing over 280 species admitted to a wildlife rehabilitation facility over a 10-year period (2005–2014). We identified the most frequently recorded causes of admission for commonly admitted species, and evaluated how causes of admission may vary across taxa throughout the year. Our analyses support the value of wildlife rehabilitation facility data for characterizing some pressures from human-wildlife conflict and select disease trends for certain taxa, as well as utility for informing topics to emphasize in local conservation education efforts. For example, orphaned neonatal wildlife accounted for the largest proportion of admissions to this facility, and highlights a opportunity for conservation education regarding when wildlife is truly orphaned and requires professional intervention. Additionally, domestic dog attack cases accounted for a proportion of admissions comparable to that of domestic cat attacks, demonstrating a need for the conversation surrounding the impact of domestic pets on local wildlife to expand to include dogs in addition to cats. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238805 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238805 id: cord-298086-pbfi5c8e author: Lyngse, F. P. title: COVID-19 Transmission Within Danish Households: A Nationwide Study from Lockdown to Reopening date: 2020-09-09 words: 7792.0 sentences: 547.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298086-pbfi5c8e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298086-pbfi5c8e.txt summary: Methods We used comprehensive administrative register data from Denmark, comprising the full population and all COVID-19 tests, to estimate household transmission risk and attack rate. To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide study that uses estimates of household attack rates and transmission risks that exploit SARS-CoV-2 test data from an entire population. We defined the attack rate as the proportion of additional household members that tested positive, whereas the transmission risk was the proportion of secondary cases per primary case. To estimate the attack rate, we estimated the proportion of potential secondary household members who received a positive test within 14 days after the test date of the primary case. (In Appendix D, we illustrate changes over all three periods.) Figure 1 panel (a) shows that after receiving a positive test result in the household (t = 0), 36% of potential secondary cases were tested (blue) the day after the positive test result (t = 1) of the primary case was available and 13% of these 36% were positive (red). abstract: Background The Covid-19 pandemic is one of the most serious global public health threats in recent times. Understanding transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is of utmost importance to be able to respond to outbreaks and take action against spread of the disease. Transmission within the household is a concern, especially because infection control is difficult to apply within the household domain. Methods We used comprehensive administrative register data from Denmark, comprising the full population and all COVID-19 tests, to estimate household transmission risk and attack rate. Results We studied the testing dynamics for COVID-19 and found that the day after receiving a positive test result within the household, 35% of potential secondary cases were tested and 13% of these were positive. After a primary case in 6,782 households, 82% of potential secondary cases were tested within 14 days, of which 17% tested positive as secondary cases, implying an attack rate of 17%. Among primary cases, those aged 0-24 were underrepresented when compared with the total population. We found an approximately linearly increasing relationship between attack rate and age. We investigated the transmission risk from primary cases by age, and found an increasing risk with age of primary cases for adults, while the risk seems to decrease with age for children. Conclusions Although there is an increasing attack rate and transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 with age, children are also able to transmit SARS-CoV-2 within the household. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.09.20191239v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.09.20191239 id: cord-022176-hprwqi4n author: Löscher, Thomas title: Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases date: 2009-07-28 words: 8287.0 sentences: 384.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022176-hprwqi4n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022176-hprwqi4n.txt summary: Since the detection of the etiologic infectious agent and the subsequent development of laboratory diagnostic tests in the 1980s, the number of reported cases of Lyme disease has increased from 0 to 16,000 per year, indicating that it is an "emerging diagnosis." The reported numbers vary depending on the reproduction of the hosting rodents for ticks as well as the contacts between humans and nature (Spach et al. In recent years, norovirus infections are increasingly recognized as the cause of large outbreaks of diarrheal diseases in the general population, school classes, nursing homes, hospitals, and cruise ships in western countries with peaks in colder seasons (winter epidemics) (Centers of disease control 2006; Verhoef et al. Definition: only infections that are newly discovered in humans are listed in this chapter: HIV, new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), hemorrhagic uremic syndrome (HUS) caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, viral hemorrhagic fevers like Hanta, Lassa, Ebola, and Marburg fever, Nipah virus encephalitis, monkeypox, human ehrlichiosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome (coronavirus infection, SARS), and avian influenza (H5N1) (see Fig. 3 .1 and Table 3 .2). abstract: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are characterized by a new or an increased occurrence within the last few decades. They include the following categories Emerging diagnosis of infectious diseases: old diseases that are newly classified as infectious diseases because of the discovery of a responsible infectious agent. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7153742/ doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-93835-6_3 id: cord-280394-v2pwvst7 author: Ma, Lin-Lu title: Developments, Evolution, and Implications of National Diagnostic Criteria for COVID-19 in China date: 2020-05-15 words: 2885.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280394-v2pwvst7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280394-v2pwvst7.txt summary: Therefore, we aim to share our experience with the rest of the world based on an analysis of the evolving changes in the diagnostic criteria incorporated in the different versions of China''s national guidelines for COVID-19. In the first edition, three types were described: observed case, confirmed case, and critical case; however, from the second edition onwards, the term "observed case" has been changed to "suspected case, " and the criteria for "severe case" has been added. However, this item was deleted from the second edition onwards, but "a history of contact with patients with fever or respiratory symptoms from Wuhan city within the last 14 days before symptom onset, or with a cluster of confirmed cases" was added. Hence, in the fifth edition of the guideline, suspected patients who had imaging features of pneumonia in Hubei Province were considered as clinically diagnosed cases, and then given standardized treatment. abstract: Recently WHO has characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. Diagnosing the disease accurately and decreasing misdiagnoses and missed diagnoses is very important for management. Therefore, we have analyzed the seven versions of China's national guidelines to examine how the diagnostic criteria roadmap has developed and evolved, in order to share our experience worldwide. In this article, we present the developments from the first to seventh versions, involving changes of case classification, changes to “suspected case,” changes in “confirmed case,” changes in clinical classifications, changes in “severe case,” and unchanged criteria. We have also discussed the reasons and implications for these changes and are looking forward to providing suggestions for worldwide understanding and management of this pandemic. A nucleic acid test is currently accepted as the gold standard method to confirm diagnosis. In addition, imaging examination and epidemiological history should also be considered as auxiliary diagnosis methods. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00242 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00242 id: cord-296487-m4xba78g author: MacIntyre, Chandini Raina title: Health system capacity in Sydney, Australia in the event of a biological attack with smallpox date: 2019-06-14 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Planning for a re-emergent epidemic of smallpox requires surge capacity of space, resources and personnel within health systems. There are many uncertainties in such a scenario, including likelihood and size of an attack, speed of response and health system capacity. We used a model for smallpox transmission to determine requirements for hospital beds, contact tracing and health workers (HCWs) in Sydney, Australia, during a modelled epidemic of smallpox. Sensitivity analysis was done on attack size, speed of response and proportion of case isolation and contact tracing. We estimated 100638 clinical HCWs and 14595 public hospital beds in Sydney. Rapid response, case isolation and contact tracing are influential on epidemic size, with case isolation more influential than contact tracing. With 95% of cases isolated, outbreak control can be achieved within 100 days even with only 50% of contacts traced. However, if case isolation and contact tracing both fall to 50%, epidemic control is lost. With a smaller initial attack and a response commencing 20 days after the attack, health system impacts are modest. The requirement for hospital beds will vary from up to 4% to 100% of all available beds in best and worst case scenarios. If the response is delayed, or if the attack infects 10000 people, all available beds will be exceeded within 40 days, with corresponding surge requirements for clinical health care workers (HCWs). We estimated there are 330 public health workers in Sydney with up to 940,350 contacts to be traced. At least 3 million respirators will be needed for the first 100 days. To ensure adequate health system capacity, rapid response, high rates of case isolation, excellent contact tracing and vaccination, and protection of HCWs should be a priority. Surge capacity must be planned. Failures in any of these could cause health system failure, with inadequate beds, quarantine spaces, personnel, PPE and inability to manage other acute health conditions. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217704 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217704 id: cord-337360-3fuuqbyq author: Machery, Edouard title: Responses to Herman Cappelen and Jennifer Nado date: 2020-10-30 words: 6549.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337360-3fuuqbyq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337360-3fuuqbyq.txt summary: Philosophy Within Its Proper Bounds (Machery 2017) addresses the reference class problem by identifying the causes of the demographic and presentation effects-the disturbing characteristics-and by generalizing to all the cases that have the same characteristics. I will assume that Nado does not take Weatherson''s proposal to be a normative proposal about how to use ''''knowledge'''' (i.e., it is not a piece of conceptual engineering or a metalinguistic negotiation) nor is it a case of precisifying an antecedently indeterminate question; it is rather a truth-evaluable claim about the fact of the matter in the situation described in Gettier cases, and it takes theoretical virtues to be truth-conducive. Even if Cappelen were right about unusualness and even if his arguments somehow extended to the two other disturbing characteristics, this would only show that I have failed at identifying the features of the cases examined by experimental philosophers that produce unreliable judgments, not that there are no such features. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-020-01583-z doi: 10.1007/s11098-020-01583-z id: cord-282125-3i2jhvwn author: Maitra, S. title: Case- fatality rate in COVID- 19 patients: A meta-analysis of publicly accessible database date: 2020-04-14 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: A novel coronavirus was reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 to cause severe acute respiratory symptoms (COVID- 19). In this meta-analysis, we estimated case fatality rate from COVID- 19 infection by random effect meta-analysis model with country level data. Publicly accessible web database WorldOMeter (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/) was accessed on 24th March 2020 GMT and reported total number of cases, total death, active cases and seriously ill/ critically ill patients were retrieved. Primary outcome of this meta-analysis was case fatality rate defined by total number of deaths divided by total number of diagnosed cases. Pooled case fatality rate (95% CI) was 1.78 (1.34- 2.22) %. Between country heterogeneity was 0.018 (p<0.0001). Pooled estimate of composite poor outcome (95% CI) was 4.06 (3.24- 4.88) % at that point of time after exclusion of countries reported small number of cases. Pooled mortality rate (95% CI) was 33.97 (27.44- 40.49) % amongst closed cases (where patients have recovered or died) with. Meta regression analysis identified statistically significant association between health expenditure and mortality amongst closed cases (p=0.037). url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20059683 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20059683 id: cord-291307-71s44kbs author: Malhotra, Rajesh title: Conducting orthopaedic practical examination during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-10 words: 1382.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291307-71s44kbs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291307-71s44kbs.txt summary: BACKGROUND: As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to stay for a longer time, educational activities including residency training have gradually resumed with the aid of virtual tools. The conventional exam pattern involved clinical case presentations and required resident interaction with a number of patients. However, in view of the COVID-19 pandemic we conducted a "zero-patient contact virtual practical exit examination" for orthopaedic residents. CONCLUSION: Orthopaedic residency end-of-training examinations can be successfully conducted during the COVID pandemic, and we hope our experience will be helpful to other residency programs. However, the Covid-19 pandemic posed a few challenges that made conducting the practical 42 exams in a conventional manner unseemly, difficult and impractical. A total of seven 43 candidates completed the tenure of residency training and were appearing for the examination 44 in June 2020 and therefore 28 clinical cases were needed. To overcome both these challenges, our department planned to 50 conduct a "zero-patient contact virtual practical exit examination" for orthopaedic residents. abstract: BACKGROUND: As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to stay for a longer time, educational activities including residency training have gradually resumed with the aid of virtual tools. In addition to continuing the residency education during COVID-19, it is also important to conduct their examination so that the graduations of final year residents are not delayed. The conventional exam pattern involved clinical case presentations and required resident interaction with a number of patients. However, in view of the COVID-19 pandemic we conducted a “zero-patient contact virtual practical exit examination” for orthopaedic residents. METHODS: In order to replicate the conventional exam case-scenarios, clinical cases were prepared in a digital presentation format. The candidate used N-95 facemasks and gloves, and adequate social distancing was maintained in the examination area. We also designed a 10- item questionnaire aimed at assessing the quality and satisfaction with the exam pattern. RESULTS: The mean score for overall satisfaction with the virtual pattern was 4.5 (out of 5) in examiner group while it was 4.1 in examinee group. Higher scores were also reported for questions related to safety of the exam, relevance and quality of the virtual cases, etc. The mean total feedback score for the examiner and examinee group was 48 and 43.4 respectively (out of 50). CONCLUSION: Orthopaedic residency end-of-training examinations can be successfully conducted during the COVID pandemic, and we hope our experience will be helpful to other residency programs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32774011/ doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.07.002 id: cord-340027-6l55rcfm author: Mamode Khan, Naushad title: Studying the trend of the novel coronavirus series in Mauritius and its implications date: 2020-07-10 words: 3627.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340027-6l55rcfm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340027-6l55rcfm.txt summary: This paper proposes an integer-valued time series model to analyze the series of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius wherein the corresponding innovation term accommodates for covariate specification. Based on the proposed COM-Poisson mixture models, we could predict the number of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius. The paper therefore proposes an integer-valued auto-regressive model (INAR(1)) with Conway-Maxwell Poisson (COM-Poisson) mixed innovation terms that can accommodate for covariate, random effect and serial auto-correlation specifications. The organization of the paper is as follows: In Section 2, material in terms of time series of COVID-19 in Mauritius and proposed methods principally the INAR(1) Process and the COM-Poisson mixture innovations have been provided. The results of this research revealed that several factors, the most significant being confinement measure, and least one being climatic conditions, affect the number of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius. abstract: Mauritius stands as one of the few countries in the world to have controlled the current pandemic, the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) to a significant extent in a relatively short lapse of time. Owing to uncertainties and crisis amid the pandemic, as an emergency announcement, the World Health Organization (WHO) solicits the help of health authorities, especially, researchers to conduct in-depth research on the evolution and treatment of COVID-19. This paper proposes an integer-valued time series model to analyze the series of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius wherein the corresponding innovation term accommodates for covariate specification. In this set-up, sanitary curfew followed by sanitization and sensitization campaigns, time factor and safe shopping guidelines have been tested as the most significant variables, unlike climatic conditions. The over-dispersion estimates and the serial auto-correlation parameter are also statistically significant. This study also confirms the presence of some unobservable effects like the pathological genesis of the novel coronavirus and environmental factors which contribute to rapid propagation of the zoonotic virus in the community. Based on the proposed COM-Poisson mixture models, we could predict the number of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius. The forecasting results provide satisfactory mean squared errors. Such findings will subsequently encourage the policymakers to implement strict precautionary measures in terms of constant upgrading of the current health care and wellness system and re-enforcement of sanitary obligations. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235730 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235730 id: cord-262413-jm4qmpeg author: Mao, Suling title: Epidemiological analysis of 67 local COVID-19 clusters in Sichuan Province, China date: 2020-10-08 words: 4069.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.txt summary: BACKGROUND: This study was intended to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 clusters and the severity distribution of clinical symptoms of involved cases in Sichuan Province, so as to provide information support for the development and adjustment of strategies for the prevention and control of local clusters. Ten cases were exposed before the confirmed cases they contacted with developed clinical symptoms, and the possibility of exposure to other infection sources was ruled out; two clusters were caused by asymptomatic carriers; confirmed cases mainly presented with fever, respiratory and systemic symptoms; a gradual decline in the severity of clinical symptoms was noted with the increase of the case generation. In this study, information about all local clusters was exported from sub-module "Emergency Public Reporting System" and data about related confirmed cases and asymptomatic carriers from sub-module "Infectious Disease Management Information System". abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was intended to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 clusters and the severity distribution of clinical symptoms of involved cases in Sichuan Province, so as to provide information support for the development and adjustment of strategies for the prevention and control of local clusters. METHODS: The epidemiological characteristics of 67 local clusters of COVID-19 cases in Sichuan Province reported as of March 17, 2020 were described and analyzed. Information about all COVID-19 clusters and involved cases was acquired from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and analyzed with the epidemiological investigation results taken into account. RESULTS: The clusters were temporally and regionally concentrated. Clusters caused by imported cases from other provinces accounted for 73.13%; familial clusters accounted for 68.66%; the average attack rate was 8.54%, and the average secondary attack rate was 6.11%; the median incubation period was 8.5 d; a total of 28 cases met the criteria for incubation period determination, and in the 28 cases, the incubation period was > 14 d in 21.43% (6/28). a total of 226 confirmed cases were reported in the 67 clusters. Ten cases were exposed before the confirmed cases they contacted with developed clinical symptoms, and the possibility of exposure to other infection sources was ruled out; two clusters were caused by asymptomatic carriers; confirmed cases mainly presented with fever, respiratory and systemic symptoms; a gradual decline in the severity of clinical symptoms was noted with the increase of the case generation. CONCLUSIONS: Population movement and gathering restrictions and strict close contact management measures will significantly contribute to the identification and control of cases. Transmission during the incubation period and asymptomatic infections have been noted. Studies on the pathogenicity and transmissibility in these populations and on COVID-19 antibody levels and protective effects in healthy people and cases are required. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33032575/ doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09606-4 id: cord-349238-qfvm883x author: Maponga, Brian A title: Risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, 2011: a case control study date: 2013-12-02 words: 3455.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349238-qfvm883x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349238-qfvm883x.txt summary: title: Risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, 2011: a case control study We conducted a case controlstudy to determine risk factorsfor contracting watery diarrhoea in children less than 5 years in Kadoma City. METHODS: An unmatched 1:1 case control study was conducted in Ngezi and Rimuka townships in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe. Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity in the world, and mostly results from contaminated food and water sources.In developing countries, children below 3 years experience on average 3 episodes of diarrhoea every year. A case was defined as a child less than five years old who presented to a health facility with acute watery diarrhoea, with or without vomiting and other symptoms, between 5 th September and 1 st October 2011, who had been resident in Kadoma City for one week prior to onset of symptoms. This study sought to establish risk factors for contracting watery diarrhoea among children less than five years old in Kadoma City. abstract: BACKGROUND: Kadoma City experienced an increase in watery diarrhoea from 27 cases during week beginning 5(th) September, to 107 cases during week beginning 26(th) September 2011. The weekly diarrhoea cases crossed the threshold action line during week beginning 5(th) September at the children’s clinic in Rimuka Township, and the remaining four clinics reported cases crossing threshold action lines between week beginning 12(th) September and week beginning 26(th) September. Eighty-two percent of the cases were children less than 5 years old. We conducted a case controlstudy to determine risk factorsfor contracting watery diarrhoea in children less than 5 years in Kadoma City. METHODS: An unmatched 1:1 case control study was conducted in Ngezi and Rimuka townships in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe. A case was a child less than 5 years old, who developed acute watery diarrhoea between 5(th) September and 1(st) October 2011. A control was a child less than 5 years old who stayed in the same township and did not suffer from diarrhoea. A structured questionnaire was administered to caregivers of cases and controls.Laboratory water quality tests and stool test results were reviewed.Epi Info™ statistical software was used to analyse data. RESULTS: A total of 109 cases and 109 controls were enrolled. Independent protective factors were: having been exclusively breastfed for six months [AOR = 0.44; 95% CI (0.24-0.82)]; using municipal water [AOR = 0.38; 95% CI (0.18-0.80)]; using aqua tablets, [AOR = 0.49; 95% CI (0.26–0.94)] and; storing water in closed containers, [AOR = 0.24; 95% CI (0.07–0.0.83). The only independent risk factor for contracting watery diarrhoea was hand washing in a single bowl, [AOR = 2.89; 95% CI (1.33–6.28)]. Salmonella, Shigella, Rotavirus, and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli were isolated in the stool specimens. None of the 33 municipal water samples tested showed contamination with Escherichia coli, whilst 23 of 44 (52%) shallow well water samples and 3 of 15(20%) borehole water samples tested were positive for Escherichia coli. CONCLUSIONS: The outbreak resulted from inadequate clean water and use of contaminated water. Evidence from this study was used to guide public health response to the outbreak. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-567 doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-567 id: cord-273913-xem3alih author: Marraha, Farah title: A Review of the Dermatological Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-11 words: 4225.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273913-xem3alih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273913-xem3alih.txt summary: In this review, we discuss these various cutaneous manifestations and skin problems related to personal protective equipment, as well as different cutaneous anti-COVID-19 drug-associated reactions. e first case infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan, China, in late November 2019. ese skin lesions can guide clinicians for diagnosis if the patients present other COVID-19 symptoms; however, viral infection cannot be the only cause; mediated inflammatory responses and drug reactions can also be suspected. e aim of our literature review is to report the various cutaneous manifestations described to date associated with COVID-19, the skin problems related to personal protective equipment, and the different cutaneous anti-COVID-19 drug reactions [6, 7] . e frequency of the skin lesions associated with COVID-19 infection varies according to the series; in a Chinese study of 1099 positive cases, the incidence was only 0.2%, while in an Italian series of 88 patients it was 20.4% [42] . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected 210 countries and territories around the world. The virus has spread rapidly, and the disease is still extending up to now. The pathophysiology for SARS-CoV-2 has not been well elucidated, and diverse hypotheses to date have been proposed. Initially, no skin manifestations were observed among patients with COVID-19, but recently a few cases have been described. In this review, we discuss these various cutaneous manifestations and skin problems related to personal protective equipment, as well as different cutaneous anti-COVID-19 drug-associated reactions. We also focus on the currently proposed managements of these rare manifestations. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9360476 doi: 10.1155/2020/9360476 id: cord-323591-8r30lsq8 author: Martinez, Edson Zangiacomi title: Long-term forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic: a dangerous idea date: 2020-08-26 words: 2353.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323591-8r30lsq8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323591-8r30lsq8.txt summary: Among other important contributions, mathematical and statistical models are being used to forecast the short and long term course of the COVID-19 epidemic in a given population; these results are useful for estimating medical capacity requirements and to keep the public and decision-makers informed. Considering the model based on the Richards curve, it is estimated that in SP there will be K = 2,276,152 cases of COVID-19 by the end of the epidemic, and the peak of cases will occur on day b = 186.1 (tentatively, August 28, 2020). Figure 3 shows estimates of parameters K and b obtained from the fit of Richards models to the daily COVID-19 reports in SP and CE, considering a time series beginning on the date of notification of the first case in each state and ending on different dates, in a range from April 14 to July 8, 2020. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mathematical models have been used to obtain long-term forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic. METHODS: The daily COVID-19 case count in two Brazilian states was used to show the potential limitations of long-term forecasting through the application of a mathematical model to the data. RESULTS: The predicted number of cases at the end of the epidemic and at the moment that the peak occurs, is highly dependent on the length of the time series used in the predictive model. CONCLUSIONS: Predictions obtained during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic need to be viewed with caution. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32876321/ doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0481-2020 id: cord-303703-ekhwb5xb author: Mash, Bob title: Primary care management of the coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-31 words: 3044.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.txt summary: 1 As I write this, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is hitting South Africa and events are unfolding fast as new measures are taken on a daily basis to contain its spread within communities. If people meet the case definition, the primary care provider should immediately adopt infection prevention and control measures. If people meet the case definition, the primary care provider should immediately adopt infection prevention and control measures. Mild cases can be managed at home with self-isolation, symptomatic treatment and follow-up if the disease worsens. Keywords: coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; primary care; continuing medical education; clinical management. Patients should be treated in a separate room, although not necessarily an airborne infection isolation room, as measures to prevent contact and surface contamination are most important. • At least one of the following epidemiological criteria in the 14 days prior to onset of symptoms: ß Was in close contact with a confirmed or probable case of SARS-Cov-2 infection. abstract: South Africa is in the grip of a novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Primary care providers are in the frontline. COVID-19 is spread primarily by respiratory droplets contaminating surfaces and hands that then transmit the virus to another person’s respiratory system. The incubation period is 2–9 days and the majority of cases are mild. The most common symptoms are fever, cough and shortness of breath. Older people and those with cardiopulmonary co-morbidities or immunological deficiency will be more at risk of severe disease. If people meet the case definition, the primary care provider should immediately adopt infection prevention and control measures. Diagnosis is made by a RT-PCR test using respiratory secretions, usually nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. Mild cases can be managed at home with self-isolation, symptomatic treatment and follow-up if the disease worsens. Contact tracing is very important. Observed case fatality is between 0.5% and 4%, but may be overestimated as mild cases are not always counted. Primary care providers must give clear, accurate and consistent messages on infection prevention and control in communities and homes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32242438/ doi: 10.4102/safp.v62i1.5115 id: cord-307834-shmpfnrj author: Massad, Eduardo title: Two complementary model-based methods for calculating the risk of international spreading of a novel virus from the outbreak epicentre. The case of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 words: 3754.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307834-shmpfnrj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307834-shmpfnrj.txt summary: The second model calculates the probability that an infected traveller will generate at least one secondary autochthonous case in the visited country. Next, we calculate the values of parameters π and σ from equations (9a) and (9b) to estimate the probability that the infected traveller who imported the virus to his/her home country would generate at least one secondary case, according to equation (11) . One model addresses the case of disease exportation from the epidemic outbreak and considers a certain number of travellers leaving the epidemic region during the incubation period, thereby importing the virus into another country. We simulated the model with the same case of the province of Hubei in China and the results show that one single infective traveller would be able to generate at least one secondary autochthonous case in the visited country, along his/her infectiousness period, with a probability of 23%. abstract: We present two complementary model-based methods for calculating the risk of international spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 from the outbreak epicentre. One model aims to calculate the number of cases that would be exported from an endemic country to disease-free regions by travellers. The second model calculates the probability that an infected traveller will generate at least one secondary autochthonous case in the visited country. Although this paper focuses on the data from China, our methods can be adapted to calculate the risk of importation and subsequent outbreaks. We found an average R(0) = 5.31 (ranging from 4.08 to 7.91) and a risk of spreading of 0.75 latent individuals per 1000 travellers. In addition, one infective traveller would be able to generate at least one secondary autochthonous case in the visited country with a probability of 23%. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820001223 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820001223 id: cord-025886-259357pg author: Mehrotra, Sanjay title: A model of supply‐chain decisions for resource sharing with an application to ventilator allocation to combat COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-02 words: 6800.0 sentences: 382.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025886-259357pg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025886-259357pg.txt summary: Going forward, the federal response to the COVID-19 pandemic will require centralized decision-making around how to equitably allocate, and reallocate, limited supplies of ventilators to states in need. Importantly, computational results from the model also provide estimates of the shortfall of ventilators in each state under different future demand scenarios. Section 4 presents our computational results under different mechanical ventilator demand scenarios for the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. In this section, we present a multiperiod planning model to allocate ventilators to different regions, based on their needs, for the treatment of critical patients. The results in Table 4 indicate that in Cases VI (severe) and V (extreme), the State of New York requires between 11 100 and 17 500 additional ventilators for COVID-19 patients during its peak demand. Overall, the model developed in this paper can be used as a planning tool/framework by state and federal agencies in acquiring and allocating ventilators to meet national demand. abstract: We present a stochastic optimization model for allocating and sharing a critical resource in the case of a pandemic. The demand for different entities peaks at different times, and an initial inventory for a central agency are to be allocated. The entities (states) may share the critical resource with a different state under a risk‐averse condition. The model is applied to study the allocation of ventilator inventory in the COVID‐19 pandemic by FEMA to different U.S. states. Findings suggest that if less than 60% of the ventilator inventory is available for non‐COVID‐19 patients, FEMA's stockpile of 20 000 ventilators (as of March 23, 2020) would be nearly adequate to meet the projected needs in slightly above average demand scenarios. However, when more than 75% of the available ventilator inventory must be reserved for non‐COVID‐19 patients, various degrees of shortfall are expected. In a severe case, where the demand is concentrated in the top‐most quartile of the forecast confidence interval and states are not willing to share their stockpile of ventilators, the total shortfall over the planning horizon (until May 31, 2020) is about 232 000 ventilator days, with a peak shortfall of 17 200 ventilators on April 19, 2020. Results are also reported for a worst‐case where the demand is at the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval. An important finding of this study is that a central agency (FEMA) can act as a coordinator for sharing critical resources that are in short supply over time to add efficiency in the system. Moreover, through properly managing risk‐aversion of different entities (states) additional efficiency can be gained. An additional implication is that ramping up production early in the planning cycle allows to reduce shortfall significantly. An optimal timing of this production ramp‐up consideration can be based on a cost‐benefit analysis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7267382/ doi: 10.1002/nav.21905 id: cord-022512-939pika7 author: Merck, Melinda D. title: Clinical Management of Large-Scale Cruelty Cases date: 2015-12-04 words: 4658.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022512-939pika7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022512-939pika7.txt summary: The veterinarian plays a role in the planning of the operation, at the crime scene, the temporary shelter, and the hospital receiving cats for more advanced treatment. Shelter design should take into account the number of cats, special housing needs, ease of handling, infectious disease, temperature control, airflow, foot traffic, noise levels, animal stress, and environmental enrichment. The standard medical protocols enacted depend on the known existing conditions and diseases within the population, the expected length of stay in the temporary shelter, and the expected disposition of the cats; however, a variety of infectious diseases (including respiratory, enteric, and dermatologic pathogens) should be expected. 9 Based on observed diarrhea findings at the scene, within the temporary shelter, or diagnostic test results, it may be reasonable to treat all cats for coccidiosis. The clinical management of large-scale feline cruelty cases starts at the scene and continues to the temporary housing in a shelter or hospital. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158179/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-22652-3.00069-4 id: cord-277563-rc88vn6e author: Merrin, Jack title: Differences in power-law growth over time and indicators of COVID-19 pandemic progression worldwide date: 2020-04-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: An automated statistical and error analysis of 45 countries or regions with more than 1000 cases of COVID-19 as of March 28, 2020, has been performed. This study reveals differences in the rate of disease spreading rate over time in different countries. This survey observes that most countries undergo a beginning exponential growth phase, which transitions into a power-law phase, as recently suggested by Ziff and Ziff. Tracking indicators of growth, such as the power-law exponent, are a good indication of the relative danger different countries are in and show when social measures are effective towards slowing the spread. The data compiled here are usefully synthesizing a global picture, identifying country to country variation in spreading, and identifying countries most at risk. This analysis may factor into how best to track the effectiveness of social distancing policies and quarantines in real-time as data is updated each day. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048827 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.31.20048827 id: cord-312137-u260m04t author: Morrison, Daniel R. title: Head and neck oncologic surgery in the COVID‐19 pandemic: Our experience in a deep south tertiary care center date: 2020-05-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: The ongoing worldwide pandemic due to COVID‐19 has forced drastic changes on the daily lives of the global population. This is most notable within the health care sector. The current paper outlines the response of the head and neck oncologic surgery (HNS) division within our academic otolaryngology department in the state of Alabama. METHODS: Data with regard to case numbers and types were obtained during the pandemic and compared with time matched data. Our overall approach to managing previously scheduled and new cases, personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization, outpatient clinic, and resident involvement is summarized. DISCUSSION: Our HNS division saw a 55% reduction in surgical volume during the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We feel that an early and cohesive strategy to triaging surgical cases, PPE usage, and minimizing exposure of personnel is essential to providing care for HNS patients during this pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32427410/ doi: 10.1002/hed.26262 id: cord-247554-535cpe5x author: Moustakas, Aristides title: Ranking the explanatory power of factors associated with worldwide new Covid-19 cases date: 2020-05-29 words: 3584.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-247554-535cpe5x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-247554-535cpe5x.txt summary: Data driven analysis of epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention variables was performed in order to select the optimal variables in explaining new Covid-19 cases across all countries in time. To that end methods that can account for both spatial and temporal autocorrelation [17] in the data of new Covid-19 cases but can quantify the effect of each epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention are key to our understanding of how the disease spreads in populations worldwide [18, 19] . Hierarchical Variance Partitioning (HVP) statistical modelling was implemented to account for the contribution of each data driven epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention explanatory variable to the total variance of new Covid-19 per million cases [29, 30] . Results from variance partitioning of the data-driven selected 9 epidemiological, public health, economic, and governmental intervention variables explaining Covid-19 new cases per million across countries through time, indicated that the vast majority of new cases per million are explained by the number of tests conducted. abstract: Disease spread is a complex phenomenon requiring an interdisciplinary approach. Covid-19 exhibited a global spatial spread in a very short time frame resulting in a global pandemic. Data of new Covid-19 cases per million were analysed worldwide at the spatial scale of a country and time replicated from the end of December 2019 to late May 2020. Data driven analysis of epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention variables was performed in order to select the optimal variables in explaining new Covid-19 cases across all countries in time. Sequentially, hierarchical variance partitioning of the optimal variables was performed in order to quantify the independent contribution of each variable in the total variance of new Covid-19 cases per million. Results indicated that from the variables available new tests per thousand explained the vast majority of the total variance in new cases (51.6%) followed by the governmental stringency index (15.2%). Availability of hospital beds per 100k inhabitants explained 9% extreme poverty explained 8.8%, hand washing facilities 5.3%, the fraction of the population aged 65 or older explained 3.9%, and other disease prevalence (cardiovascular diseases plus diabetes) explained 2.9%. The percentage of smokers within the population explained 2.6% of the total variance, while population density explained 0.6%. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.00971v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-306340-fmgsp615 author: Mu, Di title: CFD investigation on the effects of wind and thermal wall-flow on pollutant transmission in a high-rise building date: 2018-04-01 words: 9279.0 sentences: 510.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306340-fmgsp615.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306340-fmgsp615.txt summary: Finally, the tracer gas method is employed in the numerical simulation to analyse the influence of the wind and wall thermal plume flow on the inter-flat pollutant transmission characteristics. [40] calculated a set of CFD simulation cases to investigate the impact of solar radiation on pollutant dispersion in different street layouts and estimated the relative strength of thermally/ mechanically induced flow using the ratio of Gr/Re 2 . Finally, to analyse the influence of the wind and wall thermal plume flow on the pollutant transmission characteristics, the tracer gas method is employed in the numerical simulation. The results of present work are helpful for a profound understanding of how solar radiation and near-wall flow affect the vertical inter-flat contaminant transmission routes, and the results also reveal the combined effect of wind force and buoyancy lift on the pollutant dispersion near the building. abstract: The solar radiation can heat the building outer surface, and then cause the upward natural convection flows adjacent to the wall. This phenomenon is especially obvious on a windless sunny day. The near wall thermal plume can drive gaseous pollutants released from lower floors to upper floors. Combined with the effect of ambient approaching wind, the transmission routes will be very complicated. The paper aims to investigate the airflow patterns and pollutant transmission within a building under the effects of wind and thermal forces. A hypothetical twenty-storey slab-shape high-rise building in Shanghai with single-sided natural ventilation is set as the research object in the present study. The intensity of solar radiation on a typical day during transition season is theoretically analysed. The temperature difference between the heated building envelope and the ambient air is calculated by a simplified heat balance model. Finally, the tracer gas method is employed in the numerical simulation to analyse the influence of the wind and wall thermal plume flow on the inter-flat pollutant transmission characteristics. The results show that, the temperature difference between sunward and shady side wall is about 10 K at noon on the designate day. When the source is set as a point with steady intensity and the buoyancy is stronger than or approximately equivalent to the wind, the reentry ratio of the flat immediately above the source can be around 25%. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.03.051 doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.03.051 id: cord-304455-z5n9ys86 author: Murray, Jillian title: Infectious Disease Surveillance date: 2017-12-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: World Health Organization retains copyright in the manuscript and provides Elsevier the permission to publish the manuscript as a chapter in this book. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128036785005178 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00517-8 id: cord-337878-hiylqqie author: Namasivayam, Abirami title: Atypical case of COVID-19 in a critically unwell 5-week old infant date: 2020-09-14 words: 2519.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337878-hiylqqie.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337878-hiylqqie.txt summary: To our knowledge, he is the youngest reported case in the UK to require mechanical ventilation and intensive care treatment as a direct result of COVID-19 following horizontal transmission. 4 A larger nationwide study investigating 134 paediatric cases across China reported that 76% cases had fever, 64.9% cases presented as acute upper respiratory tract infection, 26.9% as mild pneumonia and 1.5% cases were critical; unfortunately, the specific age groups and comorbidities were not reported. At present there are few reports of paediatric patients requiring intensive care support with confirmed COVID-19. This case demonstrates the need for vigilance in considering COVID-19 infection in infants presenting with less discriminatory symptoms such as lethargy or reduced feeding. Dong et al report a case series of 2135 paediatric patients with confirmed and suspected coronavirus; infants (<1 year) were noted to be particularly vulnerable. abstract: The effect of COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 on the paediatric population remains an evolving mystery. Early reports from China stated that children seem to be unharmed by its dangerous effects, yet more recently there has been evidence of a systemic inflammatory response in a small number of children who are affected. We discuss a 5-week-old male infant who presented atypically with severe COVID-19 infection. To our knowledge, he is the youngest reported case in the UK to require mechanical ventilation and intensive care treatment as a direct result of COVID-19 following horizontal transmission. This case has generated several learning points with regard to atypical presentations of COVID-19 and identifying a potential cohort of ‘at risk’ infants. We also highlight a number of new challenges that have arisen for paediatricians and anaesthetists providing airway management for infants with SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32928837/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237142 id: cord-279539-s2zv7hr4 author: Narayanan, C. S. title: Modeling the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States date: 2020-05-05 words: 3812.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279539-s2zv7hr4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279539-s2zv7hr4.txt summary: We combine a cohort-based model that determines case fatality rates along with a modified logistic model that evaluates the case incidence to determine the number of deaths in all the US states over time; the model is also able to include the impact of interventions. The number of 34 deaths is a product of the case fatality rate (CFR) and the population confirmed to 35 have been infected [13] . The logistic model forecasts the slow initial rise, exponential growth, and eventual 87 decay of cumulative cases, but cannot account for the changes that result from parameters: the terminal number of cumulative cases (C), the CFR growth rate (r), and 94 the days to the inflection point (t i ). We used a cohort analysis approach to estimate CFR and a modified logistic model 198 (that explicitly accounts for the impact of mitigation efforts) to forecast case incidence 199 on the state level, and afterwards calculated mortality on the state and national levels. abstract: The COVID-19 contagion has developed at an alarming rate in the US and as of April 24, 2020, tens of thousands of people have already died from the disease. In the event of an outbreak like such, forecasting the extent of the mortality that will occur is crucial to aid the implementation of effective interventions. Mortality depends on two factors: the case fatality rate and the case incidence. We combine a cohort-based model that determines case fatality rates along with a modified logistic model that evaluates the case incidence to determine the number of deaths in all the US states over time; the model is also able to include the impact of interventions. Both models yield exceptional goodness-of-fit. The model predicted a range of death outcomes (79k to 246k) all of which are considerably greater than the figures presented in mainstream media. This model can be used more effectively than current models to estimate the number of deaths during an outbreak, allowing for better planning. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.30.20086884v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20086884 id: cord-144860-a4i9vnjz author: Nason, Guy P. title: Rapidly evaluating lockdown strategies using spectral analysis: the cycles behind new daily COVID-19 cases and what happens after lockdown date: 2020-04-16 words: 3904.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.txt summary: Here we show that transformed new daily COVID-19 cases for many countries generally contain three cycles operating at wavelengths of around 2.7, 4.1 and 6.7 days (weekly). However, we show that there are considerable and useful similarities in the underlying cyclic (spectral) behaviours of the numbers of new daily COVID-19 cases for a range of different countries (see Extended Data figures). Using data [2] from all of the countries we considered, our results show that transformed new daily COVID-19 cases have three underlying cycles: one operating at a wavelength of 2.7 days, a second at 4.1 days and a third at 6.7 days, which we take to be a weekly effect. Given the similarity of the cycles across countries, this indicates that cases could be monitored and pooled across regions, over a short number of days to be fused into longer effective samples using the methods described here. abstract: Spectral analysis characterises oscillatory time series behaviours such as cycles, but accurate estimation requires reasonable numbers of observations. Current COVID-19 time series for many countries are short: pre- and post-lockdown series are shorter still. Accurate estimation of potentially interesting cycles within such series seems beyond reach. We solve the problem of obtaining accurate estimates from short time series by using recent Bayesian spectral fusion methods. Here we show that transformed new daily COVID-19 cases for many countries generally contain three cycles operating at wavelengths of around 2.7, 4.1 and 6.7 days (weekly). We show that the shorter cycles are suppressed after lockdown. The pre- and post lockdown differences suggest that the weekly effect is at least partly due to non-epidemic factors, whereas the two shorter cycles seem intrinsic to the epidemic. Unconstrained, new cases grow exponentially, but the internal cyclic structure causes periodic falls in cases. This suggests that lockdown success might only be indicated by four or more daily falls in cases. Spectral learning for epidemic time series contributes to the understanding of the epidemic process, helping evaluate interventions and assists with forecasting. Spectral fusion is a general technique that is able to fuse spectra recorded at different sampling rates, which can be applied to a wide range of time series from many disciplines. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07696v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-000721-leedutqo author: Nawaz, Sameena title: Human Bocaviruses Are Not Significantly Associated with Gastroenteritis: Results of Retesting Archive DNA from a Case Control Study in the UK date: 2012-07-24 words: 3199.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000721-leedutqo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000721-leedutqo.txt summary: Human bocavirus (HBoV)s, which are associated with respiratory infections, have also frequently been detected in stool samples in cases of gastroenteritis, and a tentative association between HBoVs, and in particular type-2 HBoVs, and gastroenteritis has previously been made. The aim of this study was to determine the role of HBoVs in gastroenteritis, using archived DNA samples from the case-control Infectious Intestinal Disease Study (IID). In the genotype-specific assays 106 of the 324 HBoV-positive samples were genotyped, with HBoV-1 predominantly found in controls whilst HBoV-2 was more frequently associated with cases of gastroenteritis (p<0.01). The prevalence of HBoV-2 in children in the UK was significantly lower than that reported in a study in Australia, in which HBoV-2 was detected in 17.2% and 8.1% of the cases and controls, respectively [22] . Human bocavirus in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis: a case-control study abstract: Gastroenteritis is a common illness causing considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite improvements in detection methods, a significant diagnostic gap still remains. Human bocavirus (HBoV)s, which are associated with respiratory infections, have also frequently been detected in stool samples in cases of gastroenteritis, and a tentative association between HBoVs, and in particular type-2 HBoVs, and gastroenteritis has previously been made. The aim of this study was to determine the role of HBoVs in gastroenteritis, using archived DNA samples from the case-control Infectious Intestinal Disease Study (IID). DNA extracted from stool samples from 2,256 cases and 2,124 controls were tested for the presence of HBoV DNA. All samples were screened in a real time PCR pan-HBoV assay, and positive samples were then tested in genotype 1 to 3-specific assays. HBoV was detected in 7.4% but no significantly different prevalence was observed between cases and controls. In the genotype-specific assays 106 of the 324 HBoV-positive samples were genotyped, with HBoV-1 predominantly found in controls whilst HBoV-2 was more frequently associated with cases of gastroenteritis (p<0.01). A significant proportion of HBoV positives could not be typed using the type specific assays, 67% of the total positives, and this was most likely due to low viral loads being present in the samples. However, the distribution of the untyped HBoV strains was no different between cases and controls. In conclusion, HBoVs, including HBoV-2 do not appear to be a significant cause of gastroenteritis in the UK population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3404102/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041346 id: cord-256553-iw5squ6n author: Neiva, Mariane Barros title: Brazil: the emerging epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-21 words: 3639.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256553-iw5squ6n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256553-iw5squ6n.txt summary: RESULTS: Results show that while other countries have flattened their curves and present low numbers of active cases, Brazil continues to see an increase in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS: All analyses show that Brazil is not ready for reopening, and the premature easing of restrictions may increase the number of COVID-19-related deaths and cause the collapse of the public health system. However, one can see that Brazil and the United States, the second and first countries, respectively, in the number of confirmed cases, do not follow the same patterns in the new cases/deaths and active case graphs, as shown in Figures 1g and 1h . This is because São Paulo is the industrial center FIGURE 3: Besides the high number of cases in Brazil, the country is known for its lower testing rate. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Five months after the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Brazil, the country has the second highest number of cases in the world. Without any scientifically proven drug or vaccine available combined with COVID-19’s high transmissivity, slowing down the spread of the infection is a challenge. In an attempt to save the economy, the Brazilian government is slowly beginning to allow non-essential services to reopen for in-person customers. METHODS: In this study, we analyze, based on data analysis and statistics, how other countries evolve and under which conditions they decided to resume normal activity. In addition, due to the heterogeneity of Brazil, we explore Brazilian data of COVID-19 from the State Health Secretaries to evaluate the situation of the pandemic within the states. RESULTS: Results show that while other countries have flattened their curves and present low numbers of active cases, Brazil continues to see an increase in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, a number of important states are easing restrictions despite a high percentage of confirmed cases. CONCLUSIONS: All analyses show that Brazil is not ready for reopening, and the premature easing of restrictions may increase the number of COVID-19-related deaths and cause the collapse of the public health system. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33111917/ doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0550-2020 id: cord-293167-3bd3adip author: Nepal, Gaurav title: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review date: 2020-07-13 words: 5534.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293167-3bd3adip.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293167-3bd3adip.txt summary: Most patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 have presented with a mild clinical course: beginning with fever and dry cough, progressing to a form of mild or moderate respiratory disease, and resolving without specific treatment [2] . A retrospective observational study from Wuhan, China, reported that six (2.8%) patients, out of the 214 reviewed COVID-19 cases, developed ischemic stroke. A retrospective observational study from a different center in Wuhan, China, found eleven (5.0%) patients, out of 221 reviewed COVID-19 cases, developed acute ischemic stroke. Those who had COVID-19 infection with new onset of ischemic stroke were more likely to have a severe SARS-CoV-2 presentation, an advanced age (71.6 ± 15.7 years versus 52.1 ± 15.3 years), and preexisting cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, and previous cerebrovascular disease. A retrospective observational study from Wuhan, China, reported one (0.45%) patient, out of 221 reviewed COVID-19 cases, who developed intracerebral hemorrhage. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the global spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Our understanding of the impact this virus has on the nervous system is limited. Our review aims to inform and improve decision-making among the physicians treating COVID-19 by presenting a systematic analysis of the neurological manifestations experienced within these patients. METHODS: Any study, released prior to May 20, 2020, that reported neurological manifestations in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 was systematically reviewed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic review and Meta-Analysis) statement. RESULTS: Our systematic review included data from 37 articles: twelve retrospective studies, two prospective studies, and the rest case reports/series. The most commonly reported neurological manifestations of COVID-19 were myalgia, headache, altered sensorium, hyposmia, and hypogeusia. Uncommonly, COVID-19 can also present with central nervous system manifestations such as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, encephalo-myelitis, and acute myelitis, peripheral nervous manifestations such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and Bell’s palsy, and skeletal muscle manifestations such as rhabdomyolysis. CONCLUSION: While COVID-19 typically presents as a self-limiting respiratory disease, it has been reported in up to 20% of patients to progress to severe illness with multi-organ involvement. The neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are not uncommon, but our study found most resolve with treatment of the underlying infection. Although the timeliness of this review engages current challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, readers must not ignore the limitations and biases intrinsic to an early investigation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32660520/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03121-z id: cord-322986-fwm7rfps author: Ng, Boon Hau title: Silicone pneumonitis after gluteal filler: a case report and literature review date: 2020-02-18 words: 1811.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322986-fwm7rfps.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322986-fwm7rfps.txt summary: We describe a case of severe silicone pneumonitis complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and bilateral pneumothorax secondary to silicone gluteal augmentation. Liquid injectable silicone induced embolism has been reported by several studies as a cause of acute pneumonitis with alveolar haemorrhage [1] [2] [3] . The respiratory consequences that associated with silicone injection include acute pneumonitis [4] , acute respiratory distress syndrome, alveolar haemorrhages, and pulmonary embolism [5] . Diagnosis of the silicone pneumonitis is based on the clinical history of silicone implant or injection, the radiological pattern of subpleural infiltrates and peripherally distributed ground-glass opacities (GGO) [6, 7] , and tissues biopsy with histopathological features of alveolar haemorrhage [7] and non-refractile vacuole-like structure within the alveoli [1] . reported a case of acute pneumonitis after silicone injection for gluteal augmentation. Case report and literature review: acute pneumonitis and alveolar hemorrhage after subcutaneous injection of liquid silicone abstract: Liquid silicone (polydimethylsiloxane) is an inert material that is commonly used for cosmetic purpose. Silicone embolization syndrome (SES) can rapidly progress to pneumonitis as a consequence of the injection of nonmedical‐grade liquid silicone. We describe a case of severe silicone pneumonitis complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and bilateral pneumothorax secondary to silicone gluteal augmentation. In this case report, we aim to discuss our experience and approach in managing an uncommon case of SES. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/rcr2.538 doi: 10.1002/rcr2.538 id: cord-253542-twn07poq author: Nikolay, Birgit title: Evaluating Hospital-Based Surveillance for Outbreak Detection in Bangladesh: Analysis of Healthcare Utilization Data date: 2017-01-17 words: 6903.0 sentences: 332.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253542-twn07poq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253542-twn07poq.txt summary: METHODS AND FINDINGS: We propose a framework to evaluate the sensitivity and representativeness of hospital-based surveillance and apply it to severe neurological infectious diseases and fatal respiratory infectious diseases in Bangladesh. We estimated the probability of surveillance detecting different sized outbreaks by distance from the surveillance hospital and compared characteristics of cases identified in the community and cases attending surveillance hospitals. We estimated the probability of surveillance detecting different sized outbreaks by distance from the surveillance hospital and compared characteristics of cases identified in the community and cases attending surveillance hospitals. We quantified case detection probabilities by distance from a surveillance hospital using log-binomial regression analysis separately for severe neurological and fatal respiratory disease cases. We described an analytic approach for evaluating the sensitivity and representativeness of hospital-based surveillance systems and applied it to surveillance for severe neurological diseases and fatal respiratory infectious diseases in Bangladesh. abstract: BACKGROUND: The International Health Regulations outline core requirements to ensure the detection of public health threats of international concern. Assessing the capacity of surveillance systems to detect these threats is crucial for evaluating a country’s ability to meet these requirements. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We propose a framework to evaluate the sensitivity and representativeness of hospital-based surveillance and apply it to severe neurological infectious diseases and fatal respiratory infectious diseases in Bangladesh. We identified cases in selected communities within surveillance hospital catchment areas using key informant and house-to-house surveys and ascertained where cases had sought care. We estimated the probability of surveillance detecting different sized outbreaks by distance from the surveillance hospital and compared characteristics of cases identified in the community and cases attending surveillance hospitals. We estimated that surveillance detected 26% (95% CI 18%–33%) of severe neurological disease cases and 18% (95% CI 16%–21%) of fatal respiratory disease cases residing at 10 km distance from a surveillance hospital. Detection probabilities decreased markedly with distance. The probability of detecting small outbreaks (three cases) dropped below 50% at distances greater than 26 km for severe neurological disease and at distances greater than 7 km for fatal respiratory disease. Characteristics of cases attending surveillance hospitals were largely representative of all cases; however, neurological disease cases aged <5 y or from the lowest socioeconomic group and fatal respiratory disease cases aged ≥60 y were underrepresented. Our estimates of outbreak detection rely on suspected cases that attend a surveillance hospital receiving laboratory confirmation of disease and being reported to the surveillance system. The extent to which this occurs will depend on disease characteristics (e.g., severity and symptom specificity) and surveillance resources. CONCLUSION: We present a new approach to evaluating the sensitivity and representativeness of hospital-based surveillance, making it possible to predict its ability to detect emerging threats. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002218 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002218 id: cord-028721-x6f26ahr author: Nistal, Manuel title: Non-neoplastic diseases of the testis date: 2020-06-22 words: 78172.0 sentences: 5138.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028721-x6f26ahr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028721-x6f26ahr.txt summary: Congenital decrease of germ cells occurs in numerous conditions, including trisomies 13, 18, and 21, some forms of primary hypogonadism such as Klinefelter''s syndrome, anencephaly, many cryptorchid testes, and in patients with posterior urethral valves and severe obstruction of the urinary ducts. 728, 729 Leydig cell hypoplasia This variant of male pseudohermaphroditism is defi ned by insuffi cient testosterone secretion 422 and the following characteristics: predominance of female external genitalia; absence of male secondary sex characteristics at puberty; absence of uterus and fallopian tubes and the presence of epididymis and vas deferens; 46XY karyotype; lack of response to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation; absence of an enzymatic defect in testosterone synthesis; and small undescended testes that are gray and mucous on section. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7339753/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-01970-5.50014-2 id: cord-292709-4hn55wui author: Nor, Mohd Basri Mat title: Pneumonia in the tropics: Report from the Task Force on tropical diseases by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine date: 2017-12-31 words: 4561.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292709-4hn55wui.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292709-4hn55wui.txt summary: Various forms of pneumonia including the viral causes such as influenza (seasonal and avian varieties), the coronaviruses and the Hantavirus as well as bacterial causes, specifically the pneumonic form of Yersinia pestis and melioidosis are discussed. The first association of avian influenza H5N1 with clinical respiratory disease was in 1997 in Hong Kong, as a human infection transmitted from birds. In all cases of severe influenza whatever the type bacterial coinfection is possible and as such, appropriate antimicrobial treatment directed toward those organisms causing bacterial acute community acquired pneumonia, and mechanical ventilation as required can reduce the mortality rate. Melioidosis must be considered in the differential of all febrile patients that have visited endemic regions, as antibiotics used routinely for community acquired pneumonia are not effective, and inappropriate therapy in severe disease increases mortality. Interim guidance on the use of antiviral medications for treatment of human infections with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease abstract: Abstract The aetiology of community acquired pneumonia varies according to the region in which it is acquired. This review discusses those causes of CAP that occur in the tropics and might not be readily recognizable when transplanted to other sites. Various forms of pneumonia including the viral causes such as influenza (seasonal and avian varieties), the coronaviruses and the Hantavirus as well as bacterial causes, specifically the pneumonic form of Yersinia pestis and melioidosis are discussed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29129538/ doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.11.004 id: cord-022034-o27mh4wz author: OLANO, JUAN P. title: Distinguishing Tropical Infectious Diseases from Bioterrorism date: 2009-05-15 words: 10720.0 sentences: 642.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022034-o27mh4wz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022034-o27mh4wz.txt summary: They include presence of disease outbreaks of the same illness in noncontiguous areas, disease outbreaks with zoonotic impact, different attack rates in different environments (indoor versus outdoor), presence of large epidemics in small populations, increased number of unexplained deaths, unusually high severity of a disease for a particular pathogen, unusual clinical manifestations owing to route of transmission for a given pathogen, presence of a disease (vector-borne or not) in an area not endemic for that particular disease, multiple epidemics with different diseases in the same population, a case of a disease by an uncommon agent (smallpox, viral hemorrhagic fevers, inhalational anthrax), unusual strains of microorganisms when compared to conventional strains circulating in the same affected areas, and genetically homogenous organisms isolated from different locations. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152372/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-443-06668-9.50124-1 id: cord-015947-kgyl052w author: Oommen, Seema title: Emerging Respiratory Pandemics date: 2016-02-22 words: 2480.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015947-kgyl052w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015947-kgyl052w.txt summary: • The common clinical presentation [ 1 , 6 , 7 ] of most respiratory pandemic viruses is that of an ''infl uenza-like illness (ILI)'': an acute respiratory infection with sudden onset of fever (temperature of >38 °C or >100.4 °F), chills, myalgia and a non-productive cough. • A history of contact, in the preceding 10 days of symptom onset with poultry or with a known case in the countries detected to have human avian infl uenza cases, has to be elicited. • Multiplex PCR can detect simultaneously other viruses causing a similar clinical picture like the seasonal infl uenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus. • In case of H5N1, close contacts of strongly suspected cases of human avian infl uenza and personnel handling infected poultry are advised oseltamivir as chemoprophylaxis [ 10 ] . abstract: Since the identity of the respiratory pathogen is not known at the time of admission, emergency department personnel and intensive care staff are at the highest risk of exposure while handling such patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120077/ doi: 10.1007/978-81-322-2710-6_45 id: cord-337789-pabaoiqs author: Oprinca, George-Călin title: Postmortem examination of three SARS-CoV-2-positive autopsies including histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis date: 2020-08-27 words: 4995.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337789-pabaoiqs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337789-pabaoiqs.txt summary: This paper describes three autopsy cases with postmortem diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with detailed macroscopic examination as well as advanced microscopic studies of organ tissues collected using hematoxylin-eosin stains and immunohistochemical markers. Microscopic evaluation revealed viral cytopathic effect of type II pneumocytes with a couple of cells that presented cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions and who tend to form clusters mimicking multinucleated giant cells. This paper describes three autopsy cases with unknown cause of death, with full macroscopic examination as well as histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of collected organ tissues, including the lung from which reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) tests were made to determine SARS-CoV-2 infection. Microscopic examination of the pulmonary tissue revealed large areas of alveolar damage with destruction of the alveolar wall lining and intra-alveolar septa, marked vascular congestion, accompanied by intra-alveolar hemorrhage. abstract: This paper describes three autopsy cases with postmortem diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with detailed macroscopic examination as well as advanced microscopic studies of organ tissues collected using hematoxylin-eosin stains and immunohistochemical markers. Two of the cases were admitted briefly in the County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, and one was found deceased at his home address. All three autopsies were completed at the County morgue, in the COVID-19 restricted area, using complete protective equipment. The lungs of the patients seemed to be the center organ of invasion and pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus with diffuse areas of condensation, subpleural retraction zones but with different aspect of the classic bacterial bronchopneumonia. Microscopic evaluation revealed viral cytopathic effect of type II pneumocytes with a couple of cells that presented cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions and who tend to form clusters mimicking multinucleated giant cells. Hyaline membranes and destruction of the alveolar wall as well as microthrombi formation within the small blood vessels were constantly found in almost all our three cases. The spleen had sustained white pulp atrophy with absence of lymphoid follicles. There were no microscopic signs of viral infection on the myocardium or the other organs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32851474/ doi: 10.1007/s00414-020-02406-w id: cord-007331-wccmeaep author: Orcutt, Connie J. title: Emergency and Critical Care of Ferrets date: 2017-04-20 words: 9943.0 sentences: 593.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007331-wccmeaep.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007331-wccmeaep.txt summary: Differential diagnoses for the ferret in respiratory distress include pleural effusion (cardiac disease, neoplasia, infection, heartworm disease, hypoproteinemia, metabolic disease); pulmonary edema (cardiac disease, hypoproteinemia, metabolic disease, electrical cord bite); anterior mediastinal mass; pneumonia; pneumothorax; diaphragmatic hernia; tracheal obstruction; metabolic disease (acidosis); and profound weakness (circulatory collapse, hypoglycemia, anemia).21,36 Hyperthermia or pain may also manifest as dyspnea in ferrets. In contrast to the canine patient, diarrhea in the ferret is difficult to classify as being small intestinal or large intestinal in character.26 Differential diagnoses for diarrhea include GI foreign body or trichobezoar, dietary indiscretion, Helicobacter mustelae gastritis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis or other inflammatory bowel disease, neoplasia, metabolic disease (i.e., hepatopathy), clostridial overgrowth subsequent to prolonged antibiotic administration, influenza, rotavirus (usually in very young, unweaned ferrets), eDV (generally accompanied by respiratory signs and a crusting dermatitis), epizootic catarrhal enteritis ("green slime disease"), GI parasitism (i.e., coccidiosis, giardiasis), and proliferative bowel disease. abstract: Ferrets are becoming increasingly popular as pets in the United States. Emergency situations involving ferrets are most often caused by gastrointestinal disease, neoplasia, cardiac disease, or endocrinopathy. Hospitalization and supportive care of the critically ill ferret, emergency treatment techniques, and diagnostic procedures are discussed. Diseases most commonly involved in critical presentations are reviewed along with treatment protocols. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7110464/ doi: 10.1016/s1094-9194(17)30157-3 id: cord-320953-1st77mvh author: Overton, ChristopherE. title: Using statistics and mathematical modelling to understand infectious disease outbreaks: COVID-19 as an example date: 2020-07-04 words: 15721.0 sentences: 734.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320953-1st77mvh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320953-1st77mvh.txt summary: These include interpreting symptom progression and fatality ratios with delay distributions and right-censoring, exacerbated by exponential growth in cases leading to the majority of case data being on recently infected individuals; lack of clarity and consistency in denominators; inconsistency of case definitions over time and the eventual impact of interventions and changes to behaviour on transmission dynamics. We then develop a household-based contact tracing model, with which we investigate the extinction probability under weaker isolation policies paired with contact tracing, thus shedding light on possible combinations of interventions that allow us to feasibly manage the infection while minimising the social impact of control policies. Applying household isolation at 65% adherence ( 0.65 W α = ) manages to reduce the spread of infection, but appears insufficient in this model and with baseline parameters for controlling the outbreak in the long-term, unless other intervention strategies that reduce the global transmission (increasing ε) are adopted at the same time. abstract: During an infectious disease outbreak, biases in the data and complexities of the underlying dynamics pose significant challenges in mathematically modelling the outbreak and designing policy. Motivated by the ongoing response to COVID-19, we provide a toolkit of statistical and mathematical models beyond the simple SIR-type differential equation models for analysing the early stages of an outbreak and assessing interventions. In particular, we focus on parameter estimation in the presence of known biases in the data, and the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions in enclosed subpopulations, such as households and care homes. We illustrate these methods by applying them to the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idm.2020.06.008 doi: 10.1016/j.idm.2020.06.008 id: cord-283399-iz4l9i0d author: O’Gorman, C. title: Human metapneumovirus in adults: a short case series date: 2006-03-14 words: 1484.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283399-iz4l9i0d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283399-iz4l9i0d.txt summary: This study was carried out to further the available information on adult cases of human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a recently described cause of respiratory infection. For adults presenting with respiratory symptoms and a background of pre-existing respiratory disease or who are immunocompromised, nucleic acid-based techniques are a cost-effective means of making the viral diagnosis in a clinically relevant time frame. In young children and elderly patients hMPV is most commonly associated with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis or bronchitis, respectively, whereas in middle-aged adults, it may produce an influenza-like illness, which can be complicated by pneumonitis in the presence of immunocompromising factors [5] . This retrospective observational study reviewed all cases of hMPV detected in patients over 18 years of age, from the time the RT-PCR method was adopted in July 2003 through to January 2005. abstract: This study was carried out to further the available information on adult cases of human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a recently described cause of respiratory infection. Among a cohort of 741 symptomatic patients tested since 2003, the virus was diagnosed in six adults using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Of the six, two were from the community, two were hospital inpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and two were immunocompromised patients, both of whom required ventilation and later died. This report discusses the clinical features, epidemiology and diagnosis of hMPV, highlighting that this infection may be associated with death in high-risk adults. For adults presenting with respiratory symptoms and a background of pre-existing respiratory disease or who are immunocompromised, nucleic acid-based techniques are a cost-effective means of making the viral diagnosis in a clinically relevant time frame. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16534565/ doi: 10.1007/s10096-006-0116-0 id: cord-320135-kof4tcoe author: P, R. title: Covid Pandemic Analysis using Regression date: 2020-10-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Covid-19 is a pandemic which has affected all parts of the world. Covid-19 is a pandemic which can be controlled only by maintaining social distancing, proper hygiene, wearing mask, hand sanitation and to a extend by wearing face shield. Even though each state has followed their own ways of controlling the infection, awareness among citizens and behaving as responsible citizens is very important in controlling this disease. Contact tracing plays an important role in controlling this pandemic. This paper deals with the effect of Covid-19 in various states of India and also forecasts its effect using machine learning techniques. Regression analysis like Linear and polynomial have been used for analysis of Covid-19, where Kaggle dataset has been used. This helps in understanding the much-affected states in India and helps to understand the infrastructure requirements to handle this pandemic efficiently. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.20208991 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.08.20208991 id: cord-000614-gl9cjmno author: Pang, Xinghuo title: Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among Quarantined Close Contacts, Beijing, People’s Republic of China date: 2011-10-17 words: 3947.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000614-gl9cjmno.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000614-gl9cjmno.txt summary: We estimated the attack rate of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and assessed risk factors for infection among close contacts quarantined in Beijing, People''s Republic of China. These studies were conducted in outbreak settings, and attack rates were calculated on the basis of clinical diseases that included infl uenza-like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory illness (ARI) of close contacts rather than confi rmed infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. Public health workers conducted epidemiologic investigation of all index case-patients (including those with subclinical infections) and traced and quarantined close contacts whose residence was within the jurisdiction of Beijing. We estimated the attack rate of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection and assessed risk factors or correlates for infection among different types of close contacts, including household members and aircraft passengers. The overall attack rate for infection among close contacts (positive test result) was 2.4% (167 of 7,099), indicating that 1 index case-patient transmitted infection to 0.27 close contacts (167 of 613) on average (reproduction number = 0.27). abstract: We estimated the attack rate of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and assessed risk factors for infection among close contacts quarantined in Beijing, People’s Republic of China. The first 613 confirmed cases detected between May 16 and September 15, 2009, were investigated; 7,099 close contacts were located and quarantined. The attack rate of confirmed infection in close contacts was 2.4% overall, ranging from 0.9% among aircraft passengers to >5% among household members. Risk factors for infection among close contacts were younger age, being a household member of an index case-patient, exposure during the index case-patient’s symptomatic phase, and longer exposure. Among close contacts with positive test results at the start of quarantine, 17.2% had subclinical infection. Having contact with a household member and younger age were the major risk factors for acquiring pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus infection. One person in 6 with confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 was asymptomatic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3310645/ doi: 10.3201/eid1710.101344 id: cord-288052-qfjet2sa author: Paparini, Sara title: Case study research for better evaluations of complex interventions: rationale and challenges date: 2020-11-10 words: 3888.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288052-qfjet2sa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288052-qfjet2sa.txt summary: Empirical case studies typically enable dynamic understanding of complex challenges and provide evidence about causal mechanisms and the necessary and sufficient conditions (contexts) for intervention implementation and effects. For example, in an empirical case study of how the policy of free bus travel had specific health effects in London, UK, a quasi-experimental evaluation (led by JG) identified how important aspects of context (a good public transport system) and intervention (that it was universal) were necessary conditions for the observed effects, thus providing useful, actionable evidence for decisionmakers in other contexts [17] . If evaluative health research is to move beyond the current impasse on methods for understanding interventions as interruptions in complex systems, we need to consider in more detail how researchers can conduct and report empirical case studies which do aim to elucidate the contextual factors which interact with interventions to produce particular effects. abstract: BACKGROUND: The need for better methods for evaluation in health research has been widely recognised. The ‘complexity turn’ has drawn attention to the limitations of relying on causal inference from randomised controlled trials alone for understanding whether, and under which conditions, interventions in complex systems improve health services or the public health, and what mechanisms might link interventions and outcomes. We argue that case study research—currently denigrated as poor evidence—is an under-utilised resource for not only providing evidence about context and transferability, but also for helping strengthen causal inferences when pathways between intervention and effects are likely to be non-linear. MAIN BODY: Case study research, as an overall approach, is based on in-depth explorations of complex phenomena in their natural, or real-life, settings. Empirical case studies typically enable dynamic understanding of complex challenges and provide evidence about causal mechanisms and the necessary and sufficient conditions (contexts) for intervention implementation and effects. This is essential evidence not just for researchers concerned about internal and external validity, but also research users in policy and practice who need to know what the likely effects of complex programmes or interventions will be in their settings. The health sciences have much to learn from scholarship on case study methodology in the social sciences. However, there are multiple challenges in fully exploiting the potential learning from case study research. First are misconceptions that case study research can only provide exploratory or descriptive evidence. Second, there is little consensus about what a case study is, and considerable diversity in how empirical case studies are conducted and reported. Finally, as case study researchers typically (and appropriately) focus on thick description (that captures contextual detail), it can be challenging to identify the key messages related to intervention evaluation from case study reports. CONCLUSION: Whilst the diversity of published case studies in health services and public health research is rich and productive, we recommend further clarity and specific methodological guidance for those reporting case study research for evaluation audiences. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33167974/ doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01777-6 id: cord-300570-xes201g7 author: Patwardhan, J. title: PREDICTIONS FOR EUROPE FOR THE COVID-19 PANDEMICAFTER LOCKDOWN WAS LIFTED USING AN SIR MODEL date: 2020-10-06 words: 5297.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300570-xes201g7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300570-xes201g7.txt summary: The data is observed to fit the model as predicted until around 150 days after December 31, 2019, after which many countries lift their lockdowns and begin to reopen. An analysis of the residuals is provided to locate the precise date of the departure of each country from its accepted data estimates and test each data point to its predicted value using a Z-test to determine whether each observation can fit the given model. After around Day 170, the model predicts small X2 values with small standards of deviation, so observed residuals at this point mostly represent the growth of the virus itself during that time. Finally, an examination of the date of the first deaths in each country compared to the days until the model began to deviate from its expected behavior yields no relation, indicating that any failure of the observed data points to conform to the model is most likely due to the policy measures taken in each country. abstract: I analyze a simplified SIR model developed from a paper written by Gyan Bhanot and Charles de Lisi in May of 2020 to find the successes and limitations of their predictions. In particular, I study the predicted cases and deaths fitted to data from March and its potential application to data in September. The data is observed to fit the model as predicted until around 150 days after December 31, 2019, after which many countries lift their lockdowns and begin to reopen. A plateau in cases followed by an increase approximately 1.5 months after is also observed. In terms of deaths, the data fits the shape of the model, but the model mostly underestimates the death toll after around 160 days. An analysis of the residuals is provided to locate the precise date of the departure of each country from its accepted data estimates and test each data point to its predicted value using a Z-test to determine whether each observation can fit the given model. The observed behavior is matched to policy measures taken in each country to attach an explanation to these observations. I notice that an international reopening results in a sharp increase in cases, and aim to plot this new growth in cases and predict when the pandemic will end for each country. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.03.20206359v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.03.20206359 id: cord-276254-q04hqra2 author: Paul, Kishor Kumar title: Comparing insights from clinic-based versus community-based outbreak investigations: a case study of chikungunya in Bangladesh date: 2020-06-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract Background Outbreak investigations typically focus their efforts on identifying cases that present at healthcare facilities. However, these cases rarely represent all cases in the wider community. In this context, community-based investigations may provide additional insight into key risk factors for infection, however, the benefits of these more laborious data collection strategies remains unclear. Methods We used different subsets of the data from a comprehensive outbreak investigation to compare the inferences we make in alternative investigation strategies. Results The outbreak investigation team interviewed 1,933 individuals from 460 homes. 364 (18%) of individuals had symptoms consistent with chikungunya. A theoretical clinic-based study would have identified 26% of the cases. Adding in community-based cases provided an overall estimate of the attack rate in the community. Comparison with controls from the same household revealed that those with at least secondary education had a reduced risk. Finally, enrolling residents from households across the community allowed us to characterize spatial heterogeneity of risk and identify the type of clothing usually worn and travel history as risk factors. This also revealed that household-level use of mosquito control was not associated with infection. Conclusions These findings highlight that while clinic-based studies may be easier to conduct, they only provide limited insight into the burden and risk factors for disease. Enrolling people who escaped from infection, both in the household and in the community allows a step change in our understanding of the spread of a pathogen and maximizes opportunities for control. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.111 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.111 id: cord-030870-ao5p3ra3 author: Paul, Suman title: Dynamics and risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in urban areas: a geographical assessment on Kolkata Municipal Corporation, India date: 2020-08-25 words: 6496.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030870-ao5p3ra3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030870-ao5p3ra3.txt summary: Nearly 85% cases are reported from major cities of India and most interestingly, Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Thane, Pune, Kolkata become the most contributing urban centres to SARS-CoV-2 cases (as on 19 May, 2020). Further an attempt has also been made to quantify and assess the hotspot zones along with risks of the concentrated areas of Kolkata (one of the Metro city) for proper understanding of transmission of diseases in the congested and unhealthy places as a case study [9, 15, 16] . Based on socio-economic data of slum of Kolkata Municipal Corporation and containment zone data and containment zone data from different web sources we have selected the following indicators for quantity exposure, sensitivity and resilience for assessing the risk [22] infector disease like SARS-CoV-2 (see Table 1 ). As Kolkata has experienced 1st case of SARS-CoV-2, here we have taken ward wise containment zone to find out the nature of hot spots located in the Municipal area. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 has been transmitted and outbreak took place in India during the last week before nationwide 1st lockdown took place. Urban areas found more vulnerable and reported nearly 65% of cases during every phase of lockdown. Mumbai, among four metropolitan cities found huge number of containment zones with nearly 30% of SARS-CoV-2 cases indicating clustering of cases. Most of the containment zones of SARS-CoV-2 cases in Kolkata Municipal Corporation found a significant relation with slum areas. The study primarily tries considering the nature of SARS-CoV-2 cases in different urban centres with the help of cartographic techniques. AHP method has been used to determine the factors responsible for such concentration of SARS-CoV-2 cases with vulnerability assessment (exposure, sensitivity and resilience) and risks. Before nationwide lockdown starts, the share of urban centres found 25% which has been transformed into nearly 60% at the end of 3(rd) phase of lockdown. Growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 cases found very high for Chennai and Thane with less number of doubling time to nation. Slum concentration and containment density shows a higher degree of correlation in Kolkata Municipal Corporation. Risk map also shows the concentration of cases in central and north Kolkata with higher degree of diseases exposure and sensitivity. Control measures must be taken by the central and state Government to minimise the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 mainly urban areas. As urban area contributing a higher share of SARS-CoV-2 cases, a proper management plan must be enforce. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s41324-020-00354-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7445076/ doi: 10.1007/s41324-020-00354-6 id: cord-327096-m87tapjp author: Peng, Liangrong title: Epidemic analysis of COVID-19 in China by dynamical modeling date: 2020-02-18 words: 4341.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327096-m87tapjp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327096-m87tapjp.txt summary: As shown in Fig. 3e-f , the predicted total infected cases at the end of epidemic, as well as the the inflection point, at which the basic reproduction number is less than 1 6 , both show a positive correlation with the infection rate β and the quarantined time δ −1 and a negative correlation with the protection rate α. 16.20023465 doi: medRxiv preprint of COVID-19 since its onset in Mainland * , Hubei * , and Wuhan (Beijing and Shanghai are not considered due to their too small numbers of infected cases on Jan. 20th). Based on detailed analysis of the public data of NHC of China from Jan. 20th to Feb. 9th, we estimate several key parameters for COVID-19, like the latent time, the quarantine time and the basic reproduction number in a relatively reliable way, and predict the inflection point, possible ending time and final total infected cases for Hubei, Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai, etc. abstract: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) epidemic has attracted world- wide attention. Herein, we propose a mathematical model to analyzes this epidemic, based on a dynamic mechanism that incorporating the intrinsic impact of hidden la- tent and infectious cases on the entire process of transmission. Meanwhile, this model is validated by data correlation analysis, predicting the recent public data, and back- tracking, as well as sensitivity analysis. The dynamical model reveals the impact of various measures on the key parameters of the epidemic. According to the public data of NHCs from 01/20 to 02/09, we predict the epidemic peak and possible end time for 5 different regions. The epidemic in Beijing and Shanghai, Mainland/Hubei and Hubei/Wuhan, are expected to end before the end of February, and before mid- March respectively. The model indicates that, the outbreak in Wuhan is predicted to be ended in the early April. As a result, more effective policies and more efforts on clinical research are demanded. Moreover, through the backtracking simulation, we infer that the outbreak of the epidemic in Mainland/Hubei, Hubei/Wuhan, and Wuhan can be dated back to the end of December 2019 or the beginning of January 2020. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.16.20023465 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.16.20023465 id: cord-312065-nqy7m38f author: Peng, Philip W. H. title: Infection control and anesthesia: Lessons learned from the Toronto SARS outbreak date: 2003 words: 4582.0 sentences: 384.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312065-nqy7m38f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312065-nqy7m38f.txt summary: PURPOSE: To describe the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Toronto, its impact on anesthesia practice and the infection control guidelines adopted to manage patients in the operating room (OR) and to provide emergency intubation outside the OR. S of July 10, 2003, 438 cases (250 probable, 188 suspect) of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were reported in Canada, 375 (85.3%) of which occurred in Ontario. Because of early reports of clusters of cases in community settings such as apartment buildings and the high infection rates among health care workers in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Hanoi and Toronto, the etiological agent of SARS was thought to be highly contagious. Time should be allowed for the anesthesiologist and assistant to remove contaminated gloves, gowns, face shields or masks and head cover and renew protective precautions at the end of the case. abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Toronto, its impact on anesthesia practice and the infection control guidelines adopted to manage patients in the operating room (OR) and to provide emergency intubation outside the OR. CLINICAL FEATURES: The SARS outbreak in Toronto was the result of a single index patient. The causative virus, SARS-CoV, is moderately contagious, and is spread by droplets and contact. The virus gains access to host through the mucosa of the respiratory tract and the eyes. It can affect both healthy and compromised patients. The use of several precautionary measures such as goggles, gloves, gowns and facemasks and the application of various infection control strategies designed to minimize the spread of the virus are discussed. CONCLUSION: In containing the spread of SARS, vigilance and strict infection control are important. This results in the rediscovery of standards of infection control measures in daily anesthesia practice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14656775/ doi: 10.1007/bf03018361 id: cord-272909-n6wfe1of author: Peng, Shu title: Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 in 11 patients after thoracic surgery and challenges in diagnosis date: 2020-04-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVES: To illustrate the clinical course and difficulties in early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients after thoracic surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical course of the first 11 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after thoracic surgery in early January 2020. Postoperative clinical, laboratory, and radiologic records and the time line of clinical course were summarized. Potential prognostic factors were evaluated. RESULTS: In the 11 confirmed cases (3 female, 8 male), median days from symptom onset to case detection was 8. Insidious symptom onset and misinterpreted postoperative changes on chest computed tomography (CT) resulted in delay in diagnosis. There were 3 fatalities due to respiratory failure, whereas 4 severe and 4 mild cases recovered and were discharged. All patients had once experienced leukocytosis and eosinopenia. Remittent fever and resected lung segments ≥5 were associated with fatality. CONCLUSIONS: The case fatality rate of postsurgical patients subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19 was 27.3%. Insidious symptom onset, postoperative leukocytosis with lymphopenia, and postsurgical CT changes overshadowed the early signs of viral pneumonia. Dynamic symptom monitoring, serial chest CTs, and tests for viral RNA and serum antibody improve the chance for prompt detection of COVID-19. Consideration should be given to preadmission and preoperative screening and strict contact isolation during the postoperative period. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.005 doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.005 id: cord-342774-zjpi34up author: Pennisi, M.G. title: Case Report of Leishmaniasis in Four Cats date: 2004 words: 1283.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342774-zjpi34up.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342774-zjpi34up.txt summary: At the time of diagnosis the following clinical signs were observed: depression and anorexia (cases 1 and 4), severe weight loss (cases 1 and 4), pale mucous membranes (cases 1 and 4), dehydration (case 1), solitary (case 3) or systemic lymph node enlargement (cases 2 and 4), presence of a small crusty ulcer (case 1), cutaneous bloody cyst (cases 1 and 3), alopecia (case 4), dyspnea (case 1) and hepatomegaly (case 4). At the time of euthanasia lymph node enlargement was no longer evident, the specific antibody titre was 320 and serum protein electrophoresis had changed in the preceding month with reduction of hypergammaglobulinemia and development of hyperalfaglobulinemia. For the first time feline leishmaniasis has been reported in FIV+ cats (three cases out of four) and treated with oral drugs, which generally meet with greater compliance from the owners, especially for long-term therapy. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15372998/ doi: 10.1023/b:verc.0000045447.96444.be id: cord-309108-ulvnn3we author: Perdana, Tomy title: Scenarios for handling the impact of COVID-19 based on food supply network through regional food hubs under uncertainty date: 2020-09-30 words: 11189.0 sentences: 597.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309108-ulvnn3we.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309108-ulvnn3we.txt summary: This paper discusses an optimization model for handling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic based on food supply network through regional food hubs (RFHs) under uncertainty. The locations for the development of RFHs and optimal logistics for the food network must be determined based on various general conditions and, at the time of a pandemic, by considering the entire community as victims affected by it. This model also addressed several uncertainties, such as food demand, food production, and distribution cost uncertainties using robust optimization (RO) that assumes that the uncertain parameters lie in an uncertainty set (Ben-Tal et al., 2009; Gorissen et al., 2015; Yanıko glu et al., 2019) . It aims to identify the best alternative RFH location and capacity and food distribution network; the maximum product fulfillment of each region; and the minimum logistic costs in red zones, defined as an area at the epicenter COVID-19 infection. abstract: This paper discusses an optimization model for handling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic based on food supply network through regional food hubs (RFHs) under uncertainty. To this end, uncertainty is assumed in the demand and production data. During the Pandemic COVID-19 period, uncertainty has increased and the food supply chain system has changed. Thus, a new configuration of the food supply network requires analysis. In this paper, the concept of RFH is introduced to connect producers in rural areas and customers in urban areas. This paper determines the location and capacity of RFHs, the food supply network, the sum of maximum food supplies, and minimum logistics cost. This is done via a Multi-Objective Many-to-Many Location-Routing Problem model. Furthermore, since the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic is uncertain, robust optimization is employed to handle uncertainties. During the current pandemic, red zones are defined to indicate the severity of the pandemic in a region. In this paper, the numerical experiment is considered for three scenarios: when a region is in large-scale social distancing, partial social distancing, or normal conditions. This social distancing situation is based on the defined red zones. The optimal food supply network is obtained for the three scenarios and the best scenario among the three is identified. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S240584402031971X doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05128 id: cord-349217-vpih1wvs author: Petropoulos, Fotios title: Forecasting the novel coronavirus COVID-19 date: 2020-03-31 words: 3159.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349217-vpih1wvs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349217-vpih1wvs.txt summary: Assuming that the data used is reliable and that the future will continue to follow the past pattern of the disease, our forecasts suggest a continuing increase in the confirmed COVID-19 cases with sizable associated uncertainty. While all three data patterns show an exponential increase, the trends of both the confirmed cases and the deaths were reduced in the mid of February; a second exponential increase is observed in late February and March as a result of the increased number of cases in South Korea, Iran, and Europe. The mean estimate (point forecast) for the confirmed cases ten-days-ahead was 209 thousand with the 90% prediction intervals ranging from about 38 to 534 thousand cases. However, the estimated uncertainty by splitting the data is considerably lower, possibly since the confirmed cases outside Mainland China have significantly increased only recently. abstract: What will be the global impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19)? Answering this question requires accurate forecasting the spread of confirmed cases as well as analysis of the number of deaths and recoveries. Forecasting, however, requires ample historical data. At the same time, no prediction is certain as the future rarely repeats itself in the same way as the past. Moreover, forecasts are influenced by the reliability of the data, vested interests, and what variables are being predicted. Also, psychological factors play a significant role in how people perceive and react to the danger from the disease and the fear that it may affect them personally. This paper introduces an objective approach to predicting the continuation of the COVID-19 using a simple, but powerful method to do so. Assuming that the data used is reliable and that the future will continue to follow the past pattern of the disease, our forecasts suggest a continuing increase in the confirmed COVID-19 cases with sizable associated uncertainty. The risks are far from symmetric as underestimating its spread like a pandemic and not doing enough to contain it is much more severe than overspending and being over careful when it will not be needed. This paper describes the timeline of a live forecasting exercise with massive potential implications for planning and decision making and provides objective forecasts for the confirmed cases of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231236 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231236 id: cord-320385-myiuhxdb author: Peña, Laura title: Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in lymphoid tissues of the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) date: 2006-04-19 words: 3323.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320385-myiuhxdb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320385-myiuhxdb.txt summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological status of the peripheral lymphoid tissues and thymus of Iberian lynxes necropsied between 1998 and 2003 in relation to other pathologies found in the animals. The lymphoid tissues histologically evaluated included spleen, lymph nodes (at least three per animal; lymph nodes without granulomas were studied to establish cellular depletion in the cases with tuberculosis), MALT (respiratory and intestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) and thymus (three samples of animals aged 16, 17 months and 2 years old). This is a descriptive study in which reductions of immune cells were found by histopathology (H&E) and immunohistochemistry in peripheral lymphoid tissues of 15 Iberian lynxes. The results of our study indicate that all animals presented some degree of immune depletion, affecting both B and T cells, which could only be explained in a few cases by old age and/or concomitant diseases (tuberculosis, tumors). abstract: The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is the most threatened wild feline in the world. Little is known about the diseases and pathology that affect this animal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological status of the peripheral lymphoid tissues and thymus of Iberian lynxes necropsied between 1998 and 2003. Seventeen animals including females (n=8) and males (n=9), age range of 10 months to 16 years, with different causes of death were histopathologically and immunohistochemically (anti-CD3, CD79, MAC387, CD68) studied. Feline immunosuppressive virus laboratorial tests were negative. Five individuals presented neoplasia and/or tuberculosis. All animals presented some degree of both B and T cells depletion in peripheral lymphoid tissues and follicular hyalinosis in the center of depleted follicles. A viral origin of the lymphoid depletion is postulated although other causes (inbreeding, stress, toxic) are not ruled out. The loss of the effectiveness of the immune system increases the vulnerability of the critically endangered Iberian lynx to pathogens. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0147957106000063 doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2006.01.003 id: cord-151030-5x3ztp1n author: Piasecki, Tomasz title: A new SEIR type model including quarantine effects and its application to analysis of Covid-19 pandemia in Poland in March-April 2020 date: 2020-05-29 words: 7559.0 sentences: 461.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-151030-5x3ztp1n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-151030-5x3ztp1n.txt summary: title: A new SEIR type model including quarantine effects and its application to analysis of Covid-19 pandemia in Poland in March-April 2020 We focus on modelling the time period when the social distancing measures were in place and then consider different scenarios of relaxation of the restrictions with possible improvement of testing and contact tracing. Further, to acknowledge the capacity limits of the public health system to perform the contact tracing, we introduce a quantity K max , describing the maximum number of people who can be put in quarantine during one time step. We estimate the transmission rates β by fitting the model predictions to the data on the cumulative number of confirmed cases. In case κ = 0.2, so assuming that currently only 20% of infections are diagnosed, the low values of R are due to low β 3 rather than the effect of quarantine (controlling epidemic by social contact restrictions). abstract: Contact tracing and quarantine are well established non-pharmaceutical epidemic control tools. The paper aims to clarify the impact of these measures in COVID-19 epidemic. A new deterministic model is introduced (SEIRQ: susceptible, exposed, infectious, removed, quarantined) with Q compartment capturing individuals and releasing them with delay. We obtain a simple rule defining the reproduction number $mathcal{R}$ in terms of quarantine parameters, ratio of diagnosed cases and transmission parameters. The model is applied to the epidemic in Poland in March - April 2020, when social distancing measures were in place. We investigate 3 scenarios corresponding to different ratios of diagnosed cases. Our results show that depending on the scenario contact tracing could have prevented from 50% to over 90% of cases. The effects of quarantine are limited by fraction of undiagnosed cases. Taking into account the transmission intensity in Poland prior to introduction of social restrictions it is unlikely that the control of the epidemic could be achieved without any social distancing measures. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.14532v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-259126-5d4p8woi author: Pinotti, Francesco title: Tracing and analysis of 288 early SARS-CoV-2 infections outside China: A modeling study date: 2020-07-17 words: 4541.0 sentences: 255.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259126-5d4p8woi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259126-5d4p8woi.txt summary: BACKGROUND: In the early months of 2020, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread rapidly from China across multiple countries worldwide. We collected data on COVID-19 cases outside China during the early phase of the pandemic and used them to predict trends in importations and quantify the proportion of undetected imported cases. Countries outside China promptly reinforced border controls and intensified active surveillance to rapidly detect and isolate importations, trace contacts, and isolate suspect cases [3, 4] . We modeled the total number of imported cases out of China over time accounting for date of travel, delay in reporting, and source areas. At that time, indeed, case definition for the importation of a COVID-19 suspect case was based exclusively on China as the origin of exposure or travel [54, 55] , with few exceptions including East Asian countries [56, 57] . abstract: BACKGROUND: In the early months of 2020, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread rapidly from China across multiple countries worldwide. As of March 17, 2020, COVID-19 was officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. We collected data on COVID-19 cases outside China during the early phase of the pandemic and used them to predict trends in importations and quantify the proportion of undetected imported cases. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Two hundred and eighty-eight cases have been confirmed out of China from January 3 to February 13, 2020. We collected and synthesized all available information on these cases from official sources and media. We analyzed importations that were successfully isolated and those leading to onward transmission. We modeled their number over time, in relation to the origin of travel (Hubei province, other Chinese provinces, other countries) and interventions. We characterized the importation timeline to assess the rapidity of isolation and epidemiologically linked clusters to estimate the rate of detection. We found a rapid exponential growth of importations from Hubei, corresponding to a doubling time of 2.8 days, combined with a slower growth from the other areas. We predicted a rebound of importations from South East Asia in the successive weeks. Time from travel to detection has considerably decreased since first importation, from 14.5 ± 5.5 days on January 5, 2020, to 6 ± 3.5 days on February 1, 2020. However, we estimated 36% of detection of imported cases. This study is restricted to the early phase of the pandemic, when China was the only large epicenter and foreign countries had not discovered extensive local transmission yet. Missing information in case history was accounted for through modeling and imputation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that travel bans and containment strategies adopted in China were effective in reducing the exportation growth rate. However, the risk of importation was estimated to increase again from other sources in South East Asia. Surveillance and management of traveling cases represented a priority in the early phase of the epidemic. With the majority of imported cases going undetected (6 out of 10), countries experienced several undetected clusters of chains of local transmissions, fueling silent epidemics in the community. These findings become again critical to prevent second waves, now that countries have reduced their epidemic activity and progressively phase out lockdown. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003193 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003193 id: cord-304317-ad3tct5b author: Pinotti, Francesco title: Lessons learnt from 288 COVID-19 international cases: importations over time, effect of interventions, underdetection of imported cases date: 2020-02-25 words: 4521.0 sentences: 295.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304317-ad3tct5b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304317-ad3tct5b.txt summary: Outside China, affected countries are facing importations of cases and clusters of local transmission 1, 4, 5 Border controls have been reinforced in many countries, and active surveillance has been intensified to rapidly detect and isolate importations, trace contacts and isolate suspect cases 6,7 . We modeled the total number of imported cases out of China over time accounting for date of travel, delay in reporting, and source areas. Fifteen cases were classified as both imported and local transmissions, since they contracted the infection outside China and traveled to a different country once infected (ES01, ES02, GB03, GB04, GB05, GB06, GB07, GB08, KR12, KR16, KR17, KR19, MY09, TH20, TH21 in our database 16 ). 24.20027326 doi: medRxiv preprint The reduced volume of exported cases worldwide following the travel ban may have given countries the time to prepare and strengthen their surveillance systems, as signaled by a reduction of the interval from travel date to detection over time. abstract: 288 cases have been confirmed out of China from January 3 to February 13, 2020. We collected and synthesized all available information on these cases from official sources and media. We analyzed importations that were successfully isolated and those leading to onward transmission. We modeled their number over time, in relation to the origin of travel (Hubei province, other Chinese provinces, other countries) and interventions. We characterized importations timeline to assess the rapidity of isolation, and epidemiologically linked clusters to estimate the rate of detection. We found a rapid exponential growth of importations from Hubei, combined with a slower growth from the other areas. We predicted a rebound of importations from South East Asia in the upcoming weeks. Time from travel to detection has considerably decreased since the first importation, however 6 cases out of 10 were estimated to go undetected. Countries outside China should be prepared for the possible emergence of several undetected clusters of chains of local transmissions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.24.20027326 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.24.20027326 id: cord-315466-74m7cur3 author: Plank, M. J. title: Potential reduction in transmission of COVID-19 by digital contact tracing systems date: 2020-09-01 words: 6497.0 sentences: 350.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315466-74m7cur3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315466-74m7cur3.txt summary: We use an age-structured branching process model of the transmission of COVID-19 in different settings to estimate the potential of manual contact tracing and digital tracing systems to help control the epidemic. We investigate the effect of the uptake rate and proportion of contacts recorded by the digital system on key model outputs: the effective reproduction number, the mean outbreak size after 30 days, and the probability of elimination. While contact tracing alone is unlikely to contain the spread of COVID-19 Kucharski et al., 2020) , in countries like New Zealand where cases have been reduced to very low numbers (Cousins, 2020; Binny et al., 2020) , it may allow population-wide social distancing measures to be relaxed. Manual-only contact tracing (which corresponds to a digital uptake rate of = 0 in Fig. 3 ) with moderately (50%) effective quarantine of pre-symptomatic or subclinical individuals reduced to 1.55, the mean outbreak size to approximately 34 and increased the probability of extinction to 67%. abstract: Digital tools are being developed to support contact tracing as part of the global effort to control the spread of COVID-19. These include smartphone apps, Bluetooth-based proximity detection, location tracking, and automatic exposure notification features. Evidence on the effectiveness of alternative approaches to digital contact tracing is so far limited. We use an age-structured branching process model of the transmission of COVID-19 in different settings to estimate the potential of manual contact tracing and digital tracing systems to help control the epidemic. We investigate the effect of the uptake rate and proportion of contacts recorded by the digital system on key model outputs: the effective reproduction number, the mean outbreak size after 30 days, and the probability of elimination. We show that effective manual contact tracing can reduce the effective reproduction number from 2.4 to around 1.5. The addition of a digital tracing system with a high uptake rate over 75% could further reduce the effective reproduction number to around 1.1. Fully automated digital tracing without manual contact tracing is predicted to be much less effective. We conclude that, for digital tracing systems to make a significant contribution to the control of COVID-19, they need be designed in close conjunction with public health agencies to support and complement manual contact tracing by trained professionals. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.27.20068346 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.27.20068346 id: cord-131678-rvg1ayp2 author: Ponce, Marcelo title: covid19.analytics: An R Package to Obtain, Analyze and Visualize Data from the Corona Virus Disease Pandemic date: 2020-09-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: With the emergence of a new pandemic worldwide, a novel strategy to approach it has emerged. Several initiatives under the umbrella of"open science"are contributing to tackle this unprecedented situation. In particular, the"R Language and Environment for Statistical Computing"offers an excellent tool and ecosystem for approaches focusing on open science and reproducible results. Hence it is not surprising that with the onset of the pandemic, a large number of R packages and resources were made available for researches working in the pandemic. In this paper, we present an R package that allows users to access and analyze worldwide data from resources publicly available. We will introduce the covid19.analytics package, focusing in its capabilities and presenting a particular study case where we describe how to deploy the"COVID19.ANALYTICS Dashboard Explorer". url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.01091v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-355309-nr8fwc8q author: Porten, Klaudia title: A super-spreading ewe infects hundreds with Q fever at a farmers'' market in Germany date: 2006-10-06 words: 5338.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355309-nr8fwc8q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355309-nr8fwc8q.txt summary: To investigate risk factors for infection we conducted a case control study (cases were Q fever patients, controls were randomly selected Soest citizens) and a cohort study among vendors at the market. To determine the outbreak size we therefore asked local public health departments in Germany to ascertain a possible link to the farmers'' market in Soest for all patients notified with Q-fever. To obtain an independent, second estimate of the proportion of hospitalizations among symptomatic patients beyond that reported through the statutory surveillance system we calculated the proportion of hospitalized patients among those persons fulfilling the clinical case definition (as used in the vendors'' study (s.b.)) identified through random sampling of the Soest population (within CCS2 (s.b.)) as well as in two cohorts (vendors'' study and the 9 sailor friends (see below)). abstract: BACKGROUND: In May 2003 the Soest County Health Department was informed of an unusually large number of patients hospitalized with atypical pneumonia. METHODS: In exploratory interviews patients mentioned having visited a farmers' market where a sheep had lambed. Serologic testing confirmed the diagnosis of Q fever. We asked local health departments in Germany to identiy notified Q fever patients who had visited the farmers market. To investigate risk factors for infection we conducted a case control study (cases were Q fever patients, controls were randomly selected Soest citizens) and a cohort study among vendors at the market. The sheep exhibited at the market, the herd from which it originated as well as sheep from herds held in the vicinity of Soest were tested for Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii). RESULTS: A total of 299 reported Q fever cases was linked to this outbreak. The mean incubation period was 21 days, with an interquartile range of 16–24 days. The case control study identified close proximity to and stopping for at least a few seconds at the sheep's pen as significant risk factors. Vendors within approximately 6 meters of the sheep's pen were at increased risk for disease compared to those located farther away. Wind played no significant role. The clinical attack rate of adults and children was estimated as 20% and 3%, respectively, 25% of cases were hospitalized. The ewe that had lambed as well as 25% of its herd tested positive for C. burnetii antibodies. CONCLUSION: Due to its size and point source nature this outbreak permitted assessment of fundamental, but seldom studied epidemiological parameters. As a consequence of this outbreak, it was recommended that pregnant sheep not be displayed in public during the 3(rd )trimester and to test animals in petting zoos regularly for C. burnetii. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17026751/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-6-147 id: cord-283979-1dn7at6k author: Portillo, Aránzazu title: Arthropods as vectors of transmissible diseases in Spain() date: 2018-12-14 words: 4439.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283979-1dn7at6k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283979-1dn7at6k.txt summary: 23 Spain was an endemic country of malaria until 1964, when WHO declared it a The risk of emergence/re-emergence is calculated based on three factors: (a) presence of cases of the disease in humans in the last 5 years in Europe, Mediterranean, Central and South American countries with a significant relationship with Spain; (b) presence of the vector in Spain; (c) pathogenicity of the virus for humans. Following this meeting, a special article was published in the New England Journal of Medicine which stated that the distribution of infectious diseases such as Lyme borreliosis, rickettsiosis or West Nile fever are expanding at the same rate as their AVs. 38 We know that climate variations and extreme weather events have a profound impact on AVBD. In relation to this issue, the epidemiology of Mediterranean spotted fever seems clearly associated with climate change, especially with low rainfall values 47 and it has been shown that warming causes greater aggressiveness in its AVs. Table 4 shows the tick-borne diseases throughout the world, with the prediction of risk for Spain (subjective assessments). abstract: Different aspects related to globalization together with the great capacity of the arthropod vectors to adapt to a changing world favour the emergence and reemergence of numerous infectious diseases transmitted by them. Diptera (mosquitoes and sandflies), ticks, fleas and lice, among others, cause a wide spectrum of diseases with relevance in public health. Herein, arthropod-borne disease are reviewed, with special emphasis on the existing risk to contract them in Spain according to different parameters, such as the presence of arthropod and the circulation or the possible circulation of the causative agents. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2387020618304364 doi: 10.1016/j.medcle.2018.10.008 id: cord-315609-naqo1m0r author: Prayuenyong, Pattarawadee title: Clinical Implications of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Ototoxicity for COVID-19 Treatment: A Mini-Review date: 2020-05-29 words: 3044.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315609-naqo1m0r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315609-naqo1m0r.txt summary: In the literature, there are reports of ototoxic effects of the drugs causing damage to the inner ear structures, which then result in hearing loss, tinnitus, and/or imbalance. The characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss and/or tinnitus after chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine treatment can be temporary but reports of persistent auditory and vestibular dysfunction exist. Ototoxicity after chloroquine use tends to be more sudden, while Assessment of short term chloroquine-induced ototoxicity in malaria patients (14) Subramaniam and Vaswani (14) Prospective observational study 30 (Aged 14-58 years old) 1200 mg loading load then 600 mg oral every 12 hours for 2 days -2 subjects showed a change in hearing thresholds on high frequency audiometry (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) . (28) Case report of a 34-year-old woman 1 400 mg daily -Patient complained of hearing loss and tinnitus after 5 months of hydroxychloroquine use. abstract: At this time of the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially effective treatments are currently under urgent investigation. Benefits of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 infection have been proposed and clinical trials are underway. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, typically used for the treatment of malaria and autoimmune diseases, have been considered for off-label use in several countries. In the literature, there are reports of ototoxic effects of the drugs causing damage to the inner ear structures, which then result in hearing loss, tinnitus, and/or imbalance. This mini-review represents a summary of the findings from a systematic search regarding ototoxicity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the published literature. The characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss and/or tinnitus after chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine treatment can be temporary but reports of persistent auditory and vestibular dysfunction exist. These are not frequent, but the impact can be substantial. Additionally, abnormal cochleovestibular development in the newborn was also reported after chloroquine treatment in pregnant women. The suggested dose of chloroquine for COVID-19 infection is considerably higher than the usual dosage for malaria treatment; therefore, it is plausible that the ototoxic effects will be greater. There are potential implications from this review for survivors of COVID-19 treated with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. Patient reports of hearing loss, tinnitus, or imbalance should be noted. Those with troublesome hearing loss, tinnitus and/or imbalance are encouraged to be referred for hearing evaluation and interventions once they are stable. Clinical trials of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine should also consider including audiological monitoring in the protocol. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574312/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00252 id: cord-293234-ouykx6g5 author: Puig-Barberà, J. title: Effectiveness of the 2010–2011 seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing confirmed influenza hospitalizations in adults: A case–case comparison, case-control study date: 2012-08-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: We estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) to prevent laboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalizations in patients 18 years old or older during the 2010–2011 influenza season. METHODS: We conducted a prospective case-control study in five hospitals, in Valencia, Spain. Study subjects were consecutive emergency hospitalizations for predefined conditions associated with an influenza-like illness episode <8 days before admission. Patients were considered immunized if vaccinated ≥14 days before influenza-like illness onset. Cases were those with a real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive for influenza and controls were RT-PCR positive for other respiratory viruses. Adjusted IVE was estimated as 100 × (1 − adjusted odds ratio). To account for indication bias we computed adjusted IVE for respiratory syncytial virus related hospitalizations. RESULTS: Of 826 eligible hospitalized patients, 102 (12%) were influenza positive and considered cases, and 116 (14%) were positive for other respiratory viruses and considered controls. Adjusted IVE was 54% (95% confidence interval, 11–76%). By subgroup, adjusted IVE was 53% (4–77%) for those with high-risk conditions, 59% (16–79%) for those ≥60 years of age, and, 54% (4–79%) for those ≥60 years of age with high-risk conditions. No influenza vaccine effect was observed against respiratory syncytial virus related hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccination was associated with a significant reduction on the risk of confirmed influenza hospitalization, irrespective of age and high-risk conditions. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0264410X12010079 doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.006 id: cord-320636-mvtux07x author: Pullano, G. title: Underdetection of COVID-19 cases in France in the exit phase following lockdown date: 2020-08-12 words: 5252.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320636-mvtux07x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320636-mvtux07x.txt summary: Using age-stratified transmission models parameterized to behavioral data and calibrated to regional hospital admissions, we estimated that 69,115 [58,072-77,449] COVID-19 symptomatic cases occurred, suggesting that 9 out of 10 cases with symptoms were not ascertained. In France, the surveillance strategy implemented by authorities to exit lockdown on May 11, 2020 was multifold 2,3 and based on an expanded case definition for COVID-19 suspect cases to guide clinical diagnosis 4 ; recommendations to the general population to seek healthcare even in presence of mild symptoms; prescription of diagnostic tests to suspect cases by general practitioners for systematic and comprehensive testing; isolation of confirmed cases and tracing of their contacts. Here we estimated the rate of detection of COVID-19 symptomatic cases in France in May-June 2020 after lockdown, through the use of virological and participatory syndromic surveillance data coupled with mathematical transmission models calibrated to regional hospitalizations. abstract: A novel testing policy was implemented in May in France to systematically screen potential COVID-19 infections and suppress local outbreaks while lifting lockdown restrictions. 20,736 virologically-confirmed cases were reported in mainland France from May 13, 2020 (week 20, end of lockdown) to June 28 (week 26). Accounting for missing data and the delay from symptom onset to confirmation test, this corresponds to 7,258 [95% CI 7,160-7,336] cases with symptom onset during this period, a likely underestimation of the real number. Using age-stratified transmission models parameterized to behavioral data and calibrated to regional hospital admissions, we estimated that 69,115 [58,072-77,449] COVID-19 symptomatic cases occurred, suggesting that 9 out of 10 cases with symptoms were not ascertained. Median detection rate increased from 7% [6-9]% to 31% [28-35]% over time, with regional estimates varying from 11% (Grand Est) to 78% (Normandy) by the end of June. Healthcare-seeking behavior in COVID-19 suspect cases remained low (31%) throughout the period. Model projections for the incidence of symptomatic cases (4.5 [3.9-5.0] per 100,000) were compatible with estimates integrating participatory and virological surveillance data, assuming all suspect cases consulted. Encouraging healthcare-seeking behavior and awareness in suspect cases is critical to improve detection. Substantially more aggressive and efficient testing with easier access is required to act as a pandemic-fighting tool. These elements should be considered in light of the currently observed resurgence of cases in France and other European countries. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.10.20171744 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.10.20171744 id: cord-126419-u61qc8ey author: Qi, Chong title: Model studies on the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden date: 2020-04-03 words: 980.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-126419-u61qc8ey.txt txt: ./txt/cord-126419-u61qc8ey.txt summary: We study the increases of infections and deaths in Sweden caused by COVID-19 with several different models: Firstly an analytical susceptible-infected (SI) model and the standard susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. Our analysis shows that, irrespective of the possible uncertainty of our model prediction, the next few days can be critical for determining the future evolution of the death cases (Updated April 02). Within the basic research community, quite a few mathematical and physical models have been proposed [1] [2] [3] [4] to study the evolution of the infected cases, aiming to make reliable predictions and to help the governments to make proper strategic preparedness and response plans. The above Woods-Saxon function seems to agree rather well with the data on reported COVID-19 death cases from China where the pandemic period may be expected to be over. Our simulations show that all SI, SIR, SID models describe well the reported infected cases show rather modest increase in the near future which is very promising. abstract: We study the increases of infections and deaths in Sweden caused by COVID-19 with several different models: Firstly an analytical susceptible-infected (SI) model and the standard susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. Then within the SIR framework we study the susceptible-infected-deceased (SID) correlations. All models reproduce well the number of infected cases and give similar predictions. What causes us deep concern is the large number of deaths projected by the SI and SID models. Our analysis shows that, irrespective of the possible uncertainty of our model prediction, the next few days can be critical for determining the future evolution of the death cases (Updated April 02). url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.01575v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-271862-jk37ej4c author: Qian, Hua title: Indoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background: By early April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had infected nearly one million people and had spread to nearly all countries worldwide. It is essential to understand where and how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted. Methods: Case reports were extracted from the local Municipal Health Commissions of 320 prefectural cities (municipalities) in China, not including Hubei province, between 4 January and 11 February 2020. We identified all outbreaks involving three or more cases and reviewed the major characteristics of the enclosed spaces in which the outbreaks were reported and associated indoor environmental issues. Results: Three hundred and eighteen outbreaks with three or more cases were identified, involving 1245 confirmed cases in 120 prefectural cities. We divided the venues in which the outbreaks occurred into six categories: homes, transport, food, entertainment, shopping, and miscellaneous. Among the identified outbreaks, 53.8% involved three cases, 26.4% involved four cases, and only 1.6% involved ten or more cases. Home outbreaks were the dominant category (254 of 318 outbreaks; 79.9%), followed by transport (108; 34.0%; note that many outbreaks involved more than one venue category). Most home outbreaks involved three to five cases. We identified only a single outbreak in an outdoor environment, which involved two cases. Conclusions: All identified outbreaks of three or more cases occurred in an indoor environment, which confirms that sharing indoor space is a major SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.04.20053058 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.04.20053058 id: cord-259984-csdf1a69 author: Raffiq, Azman title: COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Neurosurgery Practice in Malaysia: Academic Insights, Clinical Experience and Protocols from March till August 2020 date: 2020-10-27 words: 16400.0 sentences: 871.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt summary: For emergent/unavoidable case for a known or undetermined COVID-19 patient, the surgeon and all OT personnel in the surgical suite should use PAPR, which filter the air being breathed in addition to face shields and other standard PPE. In routine clinical care of COVID-19 suspected or confirmed infections, surgical masks are acceptable PPE, except in the case of aerosol generating procedures (intubation, high flow nasal cannula, non-invasive ventilation, bronchoscopy, administration of nebulised medications, etc). Hospitals, professional societies and ministries of health could also provide physician and nursing staff with basic ICU and ventilator management refresher education to improve their capacity to care for COVID-19 patients. Designated COVID-19 hospitals may not be able to support all elective cases, in particular those that require post-operative intensive care or significant use of blood and blood products Surgeons, in consultation with anaesthetist, nursing colleagues as well as patients (or legally accepted next of kin), should weigh the risks of proceeding (exposure, lack of resources) against those of deferment, (progression of disease, worse patients outcomes) including the expectation of delay of 2-3 months or more or until the COVID-19 is less prevalent Figure 6 . abstract: The newly discovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease introduced to humans for the first time. Following the pandemic of COVID-19, there is a major shift of practices among surgical departments in response to an unprecedented surge in reducing the transmission of disease. With pooling and outsourcing of more health care workers to emergency rooms, public health care services and medical services, further in-hospital resources are prioritised to those in need. It is imperative to balance the requirements of caring for COVID-19 patients with imminent risk of delay to others who need care. As Malaysia now approaches the recovery phase following the pandemic, the crisis impacted significantly on neurosurgical services throughout the country. Various emergency measures taken at the height of the crisis may remain as the new normal in the provision of neurosurgical services and practices in Malaysia. The crisis has certainly put a strain on the effective delivery of services and as we approach the recovery era, what may have been a strain may prove to be a silver lining in neurosurgical services in Malaysia. The following details are various measures put in place as the new operational protocols for neurosurgical services in Malaysia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33154710/ doi: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.14 id: cord-319837-5avoulan author: Raman, Eshwara V. title: Pediatric Airway Surgeries in COVID 19 Era date: 2020-07-27 words: 1887.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319837-5avoulan.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319837-5avoulan.txt summary: To outline a set of recommendations on the management of pediatric cases who requiring airway surgery in the context of COVID 19 pandemic. These recommendations have been made to help other pediatric airway surgeons to manage airway cases, however, this can be changed during this pandemic crisis though this can be changed later due to the evolving nature of COVID 19 and available evidence. As paediatric airway surgeries are aerosol generated procedure where the risk of contracting COVID 19 by the surgeons and support staff is very high, we suggest recommendations to prevent the contact with infected aerosol. As paediatric airway surgeries are aerosol generated procedure where the risk of contracting COVID 19 by the surgeons and support staff is very high, we suggest recommendations to prevent the contact with infected aerosol. abstract: To outline a set of recommendations on the management of pediatric cases who requiring airway surgery in the context of COVID 19 pandemic. A set of recommendations have been prepared based on National and International published scientific literature and recent updates on COVID 19. These has been implemented in our tertiary care centre. Due to the evolving nature of COVID 19 and existing knowledge gaps, these recommendations may have to be revised periodically. The incidence of COVID 19 is very low (1–5%) in the pediatric age group with relatively good prognosis. Pediatric airway surgeries should be restricted to emergency cases only. The decision of postponement of the surgical cases should be taken by the team of senior pediatric airway surgeons. Flexible laryngoscopy should be avoided. Foreign body cases should undergo a computed tomography scan to avoid diagnostic bronchoscopies. All the measures should be taken to prevent direct contact of aerosol so powered instruments should not be used unless mandatory. Protective draping method should be adopted to prevent aerosol exposure. As paediatric airway surgeries are aerosol generating procedure where the risk of contracting COVID 19 by the surgeons and support staff is very high, we suggest recommendations to prevent the contact with infected aerosol. We assure these recommendations are easy to follow and can impact good quality outcome during this pandemic crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837945/ doi: 10.1007/s12070-020-01989-5 id: cord-334521-sa0eyzq7 author: Ramos-Fresnedo, Andres title: Neurosurgical Interactive Teaching Series: A Multidisciplinary Educational Approach date: 2020-09-18 words: 3706.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334521-sa0eyzq7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334521-sa0eyzq7.txt summary: Conclusion: As the world of medicine is constantly changing, we are in need of developing new 18 tools to enhance our ability to relay knowledge through accredited and validated methods onto 19 physicians-in-training, such as the implementation of structured, multi-disciplinary, case-based 20 lectures as presented in this manuscript. Conclusion: As the world of medicine is constantly changing, we are in need of developing new 18 tools to enhance our ability to relay knowledge through accredited and validated methods onto 19 physicians-in-training, such as the implementation of structured, multi-disciplinary, case-based 20 lectures as presented in this manuscript. 13, 14 Based on 23 the multidisciplinary approach, we created a separate weekly lecture format, that is broadcast 24 internationally, where trainees are encouraged to critically prepare (with the help of multiple 25 experts) and review surgical cases for educational purposes. abstract: Objective The goal of this manuscript is to investigate the effects of a multidisciplinary multinational web-based teaching conference on trainee education, research and patient care. Methods We present the structure, case selection and presentation of our educational lectures. We retrospectively reviewed our database to gather data on the number of presentations, type of presentation, and the pathology diagnosis from November 11, 2016 until February 28, 2020. To investigate attendee satisfaction, we analyzed our yearly CME evaluation survey results to report the impact that this series may have had on our attendees. We assigned a numeric value to the answers and the mean overall scores where compared through an ANOVA. Further analysis on specific questions was performed with a Fisher’s exact test. Results We have hosted 150 lectures, in which we have presented 208 neurosurgical cases corresponding to 133 general session, 59 pituitary, and 16 spine cases, as well as 28 distinct lectures by guest speakers from institutions across the globe. We received 61 responses to our yearly CME evaluations over the course of three years. On these evaluations, we have maintained an excellent overall rating from 2017-2019 (two-sided p>0.05) and received significantly less suggestions to improve the series comparing 2017 with 2019 (two-sided, p=0.04). Conclusion As the world of medicine is constantly changing, we are in need of developing new tools to enhance our ability to relay knowledge through accredited and validated methods onto physicians-in-training, such as the implementation of structured, multi-disciplinary, case-based lectures as presented in this manuscript. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.074 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.074 id: cord-304798-j2tyjo1j author: Rapkiewicz, Amy V. title: Megakaryocytes and platelet-fibrin thrombi characterize multi-organ thrombosis at autopsy in COVID-19: A case series date: 2020-06-25 words: 5320.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.txt summary: title: Megakaryocytes and platelet-fibrin thrombi characterize multi-organ thrombosis at autopsy in COVID-19: A case series FINDINGS: In seven patients (four female), regardless of anticoagulation status, all autopsies demonstrated platelet-rich thrombi in the pulmonary, hepatic, renal, and cardiac microvasculature. We counted numbers of megakaryocytes in the lungs and the hearts of 7 COVID-19 cases and, for comparison, 9 cases of patients who died with ARDS of other causes, selected as a convenience sample from autopsies previously performed at the National Cancer Institute between 2017 and 2020. Previous pathology studies, identified by searching PubMed on June 7, 2020 for the terms "COVID-19 00 and "autopsy" or "histopathology", have reported findings in multiple organs, including thrombi on gross inspection, but did not use special stains to identify megakaryocytes and platelets in tissues of patients dying with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is increasing recognition of a prothrombotic state in COVID-19. Post-mortem examination can provide important mechanistic insights. METHODS: We present a COVID-19 autopsy series including findings in lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, and bone, from a New York academic medical center. FINDINGS: In seven patients (four female), regardless of anticoagulation status, all autopsies demonstrated platelet-rich thrombi in the pulmonary, hepatic, renal, and cardiac microvasculature. Megakaryocytes were seen in higher than usual numbers in the lungs and heart. Two cases had thrombi in the large pulmonary arteries, where casts conformed to the anatomic location. Thrombi in the IVC were not found, but the deep leg veins were not dissected. Two cases had cardiac venous thrombosis with one case exhibiting septal myocardial infarction associated with intramyocardial venous thrombosis, without atherosclerosis. One case had focal acute lymphocyte-predominant inflammation in the myocardium with no virions found in cardiomyocytes. Otherwise, cardiac histopathological changes were limited to minimal epicardial inflammation (n = 1), early ischemic injury (n = 3), and mural fibrin thrombi (n = 2). Platelet-rich peri‑tubular fibrin microthrombi were a prominent renal feature. Acute tubular necrosis, and red blood cell and granular casts were seen in multiple cases. Significant glomerular pathology was notably absent. Numerous platelet-fibrin microthrombi were identified in hepatic sinusoids. All lungs exhibited diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with a spectrum of exudative and proliferative phases including hyaline membranes, and pneumocyte hyperplasia, with viral inclusions in epithelial cells and macrophages. Three cases had superimposed acute bronchopneumonia, focally necrotizing. INTERPRETATION: In this series of seven COVID-19 autopsies, thrombosis was a prominent feature in multiple organs, in some cases despite full anticoagulation and regardless of timing of the disease course, suggesting that thrombosis plays a role very early in the disease process. The finding of megakaryocytes and platelet-rich thrombi in the lungs, heart and kidneys suggests a role in thrombosis. FUNDING: None. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537020301784 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100434 id: cord-262787-3a3c8ee1 author: Ray, Debashree title: Predictions, role of interventions and effects of a historic national lockdown in India''s response to the COVID-19 pandemic: data science call to arms date: 2020-04-18 words: 7829.0 sentences: 429.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.txt summary: Objective: To study the shortand long-term impact of an initial 21-day lockdown on the total number of COVID-19 cases in India compared to other less severe non-pharmaceutical interventions using epidemiological forecasting models and Bayesian estimation algorithms; to compare effects of hypothetical durations of lockdown from an epidemiological perspective; to study alternative explanations for slower growth rate of the virus outbreak in India, including exploring the association of the number of cases and average monthly temperature; and finally, to outline the pivotal role of reliable and transparent data, reproducible data science methods, tools and products as we reopen the country and prepare for a post lock-down phase of the pandemic. Results: Our predicted cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in India on April 30 assuming a 1-week delay in people''s adherence to a 21-day lockdown (March 25 April 14) and a gradual, moderate resumption of daily activities after April 14 is 9,181 with upper 95% CI of 72,245. abstract: Importance: India has taken strong and early public health measures for arresting the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. With only 536 COVID-19 cases and 11 fatalities, India - a democracy of 1.34 billion people - took the historic decision of a 21-day national lockdown on March 25. The lockdown was further extended to May 3, soon after the analysis of this paper was completed. Objective: To study the short- and long-term impact of an initial 21-day lockdown on the total number of COVID-19 cases in India compared to other less severe non-pharmaceutical interventions using epidemiological forecasting models and Bayesian estimation algorithms; to compare effects of hypothetical durations of lockdown from an epidemiological perspective; to study alternative explanations for slower growth rate of the virus outbreak in India, including exploring the association of the number of cases and average monthly temperature; and finally, to outline the pivotal role of reliable and transparent data, reproducible data science methods, tools and products as we reopen the country and prepare for a post lock-down phase of the pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants: We use the daily data on the number of COVID-19 cases, of recovered and of deaths from March 1 until April 7, 2020 from the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Visual Dashboard operated by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering (JHU CSSE). Additionally, we use COVID-19 incidence counts data from Kaggle and the monthly average temperature of major cities across the world from Wikipedia. Main Outcome and Measures: The current time-series data on daily proportions of cases and removed (recovered and death combined) from India are analyzed using an extended version of the standard SIR (susceptible, infected, and removed) model. The eSIR model incorporates time-varying transmission rates that help us predict the effect of lockdown compared to other hypothetical interventions on the number of cases at future time points. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo implementation of this model provided predicted proportions of the cases at future time points along with credible intervals (CI). Results: Our predicted cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in India on April 30 assuming a 1-week delay in people's adherence to a 21-day lockdown (March 25 - April 14) and a gradual, moderate resumption of daily activities after April 14 is 9,181 with upper 95% CI of 72,245. In comparison, the predicted cumulative number of cases under "no intervention" and "social distancing and travel bans without lockdown" are 358 thousand and 46 thousand (upper 95% CI of nearly 2.3 million and 0.3 million) respectively. An effective lockdown can prevent roughly 343 thousand (upper 95% CI 1.8 million) and 2.4 million (upper 95% CI 38.4 million) COVID-19 cases nationwide compared to social distancing alone by May 15 and June 15, respectively. When comparing a 21-day lockdown with a hypothetical lockdown of longer duration, we find that 28-, 42-, and 56-day lockdowns can approximately prevent 238 thousand (upper 95% CI 2.3 million), 622 thousand (upper 95% CI 4.3 million), 781 thousand (upper 95% CI 4.6 million) cases by June 15, respectively. We find some suggestive evidence that the COVID-19 incidence rates worldwide are negatively associated with temperature in a crude unadjusted analysis with Pearson correlation estimates [95% confidence interval] between average monthly temperature and total monthly incidence around the world being -0.185 [-0.548, 0.236] for January, -0.110 [-0.362, 0.157] for February, and -0.173 [-0.314, -0.026] for March. Conclusions and Relevance: The lockdown, if implemented correctly in the end, has a high chance of reducing the total number of COVID-19 cases in the short term, and buy India invaluable time to prepare its healthcare and disease monitoring system. Our analysis shows we need to have some measures of suppression in place after the lockdown for the best outcome. We cannot heavily rely on the hypothetical prevention governed by meteorological factors such as temperature based on current evidence. From an epidemiological perspective, a longer lockdown between 42-56 days is preferable. However, the lockdown comes at a tremendous price to social and economic health through a contagion process not dissimilar to that of the coronavirus itself. Data can play a defining role as we design post-lockdown testing, reopening and resource allocation strategies. Software: Our contribution to data science includes an interactive and dynamic app (covind19.org) with short- and long-term projections updated daily that can help inform policy and practice related to COVID-19 in India. Anyone can visualize the observed data for India and create predictions under hypothetical scenarios with quantification of uncertainties. We make our prediction codes freely available (https://github.com/umich-cphds/cov-ind-19) for reproducible science and for other COVID-19 affected countries to use them for their prediction and data visualization work. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.20067256 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20067256 id: cord-302842-idbmh1uo author: Raza, Ali title: Association between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan date: 2020-10-14 words: 5066.0 sentences: 336.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt summary: This study was designed to investigate the impact of meteorological indicators (temperature, rainfall, and humidity) on total COVID-19 cases in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units from March 10, 2020, to August 25, 2020. The contribution of this study is (a) it first time examined the relationship between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 in Pakistan, (b) it first time examined the relationship between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 in four provinces and three administrative units in Pakistan, and (c) it used the generalized models to investigate the impact of average temperature, rainfall, and humidity on COVID-19 cases. A higher correlation coefficient was observed between temperature (minimum, maximum, and Fig. 11 Humidity in provinces and administrative areas Environ Sci Pollut Res average) and COVID-19 cases for all provinces and administrative units (Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir). abstract: This study was designed to investigate the impact of meteorological indicators (temperature, rainfall, and humidity) on total COVID-19 cases in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units from March 10, 2020, to August 25, 2020. The correlation analysis showed that COVID-19 cases and temperature showed a positive correlation. It implies that the increase in COVID-19 cases was reported due to an increase in the temperature in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units. The generalized Poisson regression showed that the rise in the expected log count of COVID-19 cases was 0.024 times for a 1 °C rise in the average temperature in Pakistan. Second, the correlation between rainfall and COVID-19 cases was negative in Pakistan. However, the regression coefficient between the expected log count of COVID-19 cases and rainfall was insignificant in Pakistan. Third, the correlation between humidity and the total COVID-19 cases was negative, which implies that the increase in humidity is beneficial to stop the transmission of COVID-19 in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units. The reduction in the expected log count of COVID-19 cases was 0.008 times for a 1% increase in the humidity per day in Pakistan. However, humidity and COVID-19 cases were positively correlated in Sindh province. It is required to create awareness among the general population, and the government should include the causes, symptoms, and precautions in the educational syllabus. Moreover, people should adopt the habit of hand wash, social distancing, personal hygiene, mask-wearing, and the use of hand sanitizers to control the COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33052566/ doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11203-2 id: cord-259368-k8t8brjy author: Ren, Xiang title: Evidence for pre‐symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in China date: 2020-08-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Between mid‐January and early February, provinces of mainland China outside the epicentre in Hubei province were on high alert for importations and transmission of COVID‐19. Many properties of COVID‐19 infection and transmission were still not yet established. METHODS: We collated and analysed data on 449 of the earliest COVID‐19 cases detected outside Hubei province to make inferences about transmission dynamics and severity of infection. We analysed 64 clusters to make inferences on serial interval and potential role of pre‐symptomatic transmission. RESULTS: We estimated an epidemic doubling time of 5.3 days (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.3, 6.7) and a median incubation period of 4.6 days (95% CI: 4.0, 5.2). We estimated a serial interval distribution with mean 5.7 days (95% CI: 4.7, 6.8) and standard deviation 3.5 days, and effective reproductive number was 1.98 (95% CI: 1.68, 2.35). We estimated that 32/80 (40%) of transmission events were likely to have occurred prior to symptoms onset in primary cases. Secondary cases in clusters had less severe illness on average than cluster primary cases. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of transmissions are occurring around illness onset in an infected person, and pre‐symptomatic transmission does play a role. Detection of milder infections among the secondary cases may be more reflective of true disease severity. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12787 doi: 10.1111/irv.12787 id: cord-315343-ywgoqlxj author: Ribeiro, Haroldo V. title: City size and the spreading of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-09-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The current outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an unprecedented example of how fast an infectious disease can spread around the globe (especially in urban areas) and the enormous impact it causes on public health and socio-economic activities. Despite the recent surge of investigations about different aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, we still know little about the effects of city size on the propagation of this disease in urban areas. Here we investigate how the number of cases and deaths by COVID-19 scale with the population of Brazilian cities. Our results indicate small towns are proportionally more affected by COVID-19 during the initial spread of the disease, such that the cumulative numbers of cases and deaths per capita initially decrease with population size. However, during the long-term course of the pandemic, this urban advantage vanishes and large cities start to exhibit higher incidence of cases and deaths, such that every 1% rise in population is associated with a 0.14% increase in the number of fatalities per capita after about four months since the first two daily deaths. We argue that these patterns may be related to the existence of proportionally more health infrastructure in the largest cities and a lower proportion of older adults in large urban areas. We also find the initial growth rate of cases and deaths to be higher in large cities; however, these growth rates tend to decrease in large cities and to increase in small ones over time. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.13892v2.pdf doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239699 id: cord-275978-pezm1tnw author: Riccardo, Flavia title: Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Italy and estimates of the reproductive numbers one month into the epidemic date: 2020-04-11 words: 5549.0 sentences: 310.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275978-pezm1tnw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275978-pezm1tnw.txt summary: Methods We analysed data from the national case-based integrated surveillance system of all RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infections as of March 24th 2020, collected from all Italian regions and autonomous provinces. However, once interventions are introduced or the susceptibility in the population decreases, the transmission potential at a given time t is measured as the net reproduction number Rt. In this paper, we estimated both R0 and Rt for Italian regions in different epidemiological situations (high, intermediate and low age-adjusted attack rates), selected among those with highest data robustness. In this paper, we summarize key epidemiological findings from data on the first 62,843 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Italy, including 5,541 associated deaths, and initial findings on SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility across different regions. In this paper, we summarize key epidemiological findings from data on the first 62,843 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Italy, including 5,541 associated deaths, and initial findings on SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility across different regions. abstract: Background In February 2020, a locally-acquired COVID-19 case was detected in Lombardia, Italy. This was the first signal of ongoing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the country. The outbreak rapidly escalated to a national level epidemic, amid the WHO declaration of a pandemic. Methods We analysed data from the national case-based integrated surveillance system of all RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infections as of March 24th 2020, collected from all Italian regions and autonomous provinces. Here we provide a descriptive epidemiological summary on the first 62,843 COVID-19 cases in Italy as well as estimates of the basic and net reproductive numbers by region. Findings Of the 62,843 cases of COVID-19 analysed, 71.6% were reported from three Regions (Lombardia, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna). All cases reported after February 20th were locally acquired. Estimates of R0 varied between 2.5 (95%CI: 2.18-2.83) in Toscana and 3 (95%CI: 2.68-3.33) in Lazio, with epidemic doubling time of 3.2 days (95%CI: 2.3-5.2) and 2.9 days (95%CI: 2.2-4.3), respectively. The net reproduction number showed a decreasing trend starting around February 20-25, 2020 in northern regions. Notably, 5,760 cases were reported among health care workers. Of the 5,541 reported COVID-19 associated deaths, 49% occurred in people aged 80 years or above with an overall crude CFR of 8.8%. Male sex and age were independent risk factors for COVID-19 death. Interpretation The COVID-19 infection in Italy emerged with a clustering onset similar to the one described in Wuhan, China and likewise showed worse outcomes in older males with comorbidities. Initial R0 at 2.96 in Lombardia, explains the high case-load and rapid geographical spread observed. Overall Rt in Italian regions is currently decreasing albeit with large diversities across the country, supporting the importance of combined non-pharmacological control measures. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20056861 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20056861 id: cord-024564-ff5ex004 author: Ricoca Peixoto, Vasco title: Epidemic Surveillance of Covid-19: Considering Uncertainty and Under-Ascertainment date: 2020-04-09 words: 2792.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024564-ff5ex004.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024564-ff5ex004.txt summary: Addressing under-ascertainment of cases is relevant in most surveillance systems, especially in pandemics of new diseases with a large spectrum of clinical presentations as it may influence timings of policy implementation and public risk perception. From this perspective, this article presents and discusses early evidence on under-ascertainment of COVID-19 and its motifs, options for surveillance, and reflections around their importance to tailor public health measures. In the case of COVID-19, systematically addressing and estimating under-ascertainment of cases is essential to tailor timely public health measures, and communicating these findings is of the utmost importance for policy making and public perception. One document of the European Centre of Disease Control (ECDC) [10] reports that "the detection of CO-VID-19 cases and/or deaths outside of known chains of transmission is a strong signal that social distancing mea-sures should be considered." However, with restrictive testing strategies, these signals may be missed. abstract: Epidemic surveillance is a fundamental part of public health practice. Addressing under-ascertainment of cases is relevant in most surveillance systems, especially in pandemics of new diseases with a large spectrum of clinical presentations as it may influence timings of policy implementation and public risk perception. From this perspective, this article presents and discusses early evidence on under-ascertainment of COVID-19 and its motifs, options for surveillance, and reflections around their importance to tailor public health measures. In the case of COVID-19, systematically addressing and estimating under-ascertainment of cases is essential to tailor timely public health measures, and communicating these findings is of the utmost importance for policy making and public perception. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7206356/ doi: 10.1159/000507587 id: cord-311044-kjx0z1hc author: Rubio-Pérez, Inés title: COVID-19: key concepts for the surgeon date: 2020-05-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract In view of the current pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 it deems essential to understand the key concepts about the infection: its epidemiological origin, presentation, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment (still experimental in many cases). The knowledge about the virus is still limited, but as the pandemic progresses and the physiopathology of the disease is understood, new evidence is being massively published. Surgical specialists are facing an unprecedented situation: they must collaborate in the ER or medical wards attending these patients, while still needing to make decisions about surgical patients with probable COVID-19. The present narrative review aims to summarize the most relevant aspects and synthetize concepts on COVID-19 for surgeons. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2173507720301101 doi: 10.1016/j.cireng.2020.05.009 id: cord-347317-qcghtkk0 author: Russo, Lucia title: Tracing day-zero and forecasting the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: A compartmental modelling and numerical optimization approach date: 2020-10-30 words: 9776.0 sentences: 397.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347317-qcghtkk0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347317-qcghtkk0.txt summary: For the estimation of the day-zero of the outbreak in Lombardy, as well as of the "effective" per-day transmission rate for which no clinical data are available, we have used the proposed SEIIRD simulator to fit the numbers of new daily cases from February 21 to the 8th of March. Among the perplexing problems that mathematical models face when they are used to estimate epidemiological parameters and to forecast the evolution of the outbreak, two stand out: (a) the uncertainty regarding the day-zero of the outbreak, the knowledge of which is crucial to assess the stage and dynamics of the epidemic, especially during the first growth period, and (b) the uncertainty that characterizes the actual number of the asymptomatic infected cases in the total population (see e.g. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Italy became the second epicenter of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic after China, surpassing by far China’s death toll. The disease swept through Lombardy, which remained in lockdown for about two months, starting from the 8th of March. As of that day, the isolation measures taken in Lombardy were extended to the entire country. Here, assuming that effectively there was one case “zero” that introduced the virus to the region, we provide estimates for: (a) the day-zero of the outbreak in Lombardy, Italy; (b) the actual number of asymptomatic infected cases in the total population until March 8; (c) the basic (R(0))and the effective reproduction number (R(e)) based on the estimation of the actual number of infected cases. To demonstrate the efficiency of the model and approach, we also provide a tentative forecast two months ahead of time, i.e. until May 4, the date on which relaxation of the measures commenced, on the basis of the COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports released by Google on March 29. METHODS: To deal with the uncertainty in the number of the actual asymptomatic infected cases in the total population Volpert et al. (2020), we address a modified compartmental Susceptible/ Exposed/ Infectious Asymptomatic/ Infected Symptomatic/ Recovered/ Dead (SEIIRD) model with two compartments of infectious persons: one modelling the cases in the population that are asymptomatic or experience very mild symptoms and another modelling the infected cases with mild to severe symptoms. The parameters of the model corresponding to the recovery period, the time from the onset of symptoms to death and the time from exposure to the time that an individual starts to be infectious, have been set as reported from clinical studies on COVID-19. For the estimation of the day-zero of the outbreak in Lombardy, as well as of the “effective” per-day transmission rate for which no clinical data are available, we have used the proposed SEIIRD simulator to fit the numbers of new daily cases from February 21 to the 8th of March. This was accomplished by solving a mixed-integer optimization problem. Based on the computed parameters, we also provide an estimation of the basic reproduction number R(0) and the evolution of the effective reproduction number R(e). To examine the efficiency of the model and approach, we ran the simulator to “forecast” the epidemic two months ahead of time, i.e. from March 8 to May 4. For this purpose, we considered the reduction in mobility in Lombardy as released on March 29 by Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports, and the effects of social distancing and of the very strict measures taken by the government on March 20 and March 21, 2020. RESULTS: Based on the proposed methodological procedure, we estimated that the expected day-zero was January 14 (min-max rage: January 5 to January 23, interquartile range: January 11 to January 18). The actual cumulative number of asymptomatic infected cases in the total population in Lombardy on March 8 was of the order of 15 times the confirmed cumulative number of infected cases, while the expected value of the basic reproduction number R(0) was found to be 4.53 (min-max range: 4.40- 4.65). On May 4, the date on which relaxation of the measures commenced the effective reproduction number was found to be 0.987 (interquartiles: 0.857, 1.133). The model approximated adequately two months ahead of time the evolution of reported cases of infected until May 4, the day on which the phase I of the relaxation of measures was implemented over all of Italy. Furthermore the model predicted that until May 4, around 20% of the population in Lombardy has recovered (interquartile range: ∼10% to ∼30%). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33125393/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240649 id: cord-309378-sfr1x0ob author: Röst, Gergely title: Early Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Hungary and Post-Lockdown Scenarios date: 2020-06-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: COVID-19 epidemic has been suppressed in Hungary due to timely non-pharmaceutical interventions, prompting a considerable reduction in the number of contacts and transmission of the virus. This strategy was effective in preventing epidemic growth and reducing the incidence of COVID-19 to low levels. In this report, we present the first epidemiological and statistical analysis of the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Hungary. Then, we establish an age-structured compartmental model to explore alternative post-lockdown scenarios. We incorporate various factors, such as age-specific measures, seasonal effects, and spatial heterogeneity to project the possible peak size and disease burden of a COVID-19 epidemic wave after the current measures are relaxed. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070708 doi: 10.3390/v12070708 id: cord-296081-6coxz3l8 author: SOURIS, M. title: COVID-19: Spatial Analysis of Hospital Case-Fatality Rate in France date: 2020-05-20 words: 3916.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296081-6coxz3l8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296081-6coxz3l8.txt summary: The objective of this article is to estimate the influence of the hospital care system on lethality in metropolitan France during the inception of the COVID-19 epidemic, by analyzing the spatial variability of the hospital case-fatality rate between French districts. France based on the rates published by the health authorities, but to estimate the 114 influence of the healthcare system on lethality by analyzing the spatial variability of the 115 hospital case-fatality rate (confirmed hospitalized cases and hospital deaths) in 116 metropolitan France between districts (i.e. French départements). in the case-fatality rate in metropolitan France, and enable to highlight the relative 123 differences between districts, as well as to analyze the causes independently of the 124 system of definition and enumeration of cases and deaths, and also independently of 125 the main biological risk factor of severity (age) after standardization on this factor. abstract: When the population risk factors and reporting systems are similar, the assessment of the case-fatality (or lethality) rate (ratio of cases to deaths) represents a perfect tool for analyzing, understanding and improving the overall efficiency of the health system. The objective of this article is to estimate the influence of the hospital care system on lethality in metropolitan France during the inception of the COVID-19 epidemic, by analyzing the spatial variability of the hospital case-fatality rate between French districts. The results show that the higher case-fatality rates observed in certain districts are mostly related to the level of morbidity in the district, therefore to the overwhelming of the healthcare systems during the acute phases of the epidemic. However, the magnitude of this increase of case-fatality rate represents less than 10 per cent of the average case-fatality rate and cannot explain the magnitude of the variations in case-fatality rate reported by country by international organizations or information sites. These differences can only be explained by the systems for reporting cases and deaths, which, indeed, vary greatly from country to country, and not attributed to the care or treatment of patients, even during hospital stress due to epidemic peaks. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.16.20104026v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.16.20104026 id: cord-308556-xi2un0kc author: Saadat, S. title: Covid-19 SEIDRD Modelling for Pakistan with implementation of seasonality, healthcare capacity and behavioral risk reduction date: 2020-09-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Introduction: December 2019 saw the origins of a new Pandemic which would soon spread to the farthest places of the planet. Several efforts of modelling of the geo-temporal transmissibility of the virus have been undertaken, but none describes the incorporation of effect of seasonality, contact density, primary care and ICU bed capacity and behavioural risk reduction measures such as lockdowns into the simulation modeling for Pakistan. We use above variables to create a close to real data curve function for the active cases of covid-19 in Pakistan. Objective: The objective of this study was to create a new computational epidemiological model for Pakistan by implementing symptomatology, healthcare capacity and behavioural risk reduction mathematically to predict of Covid-19 case trends and effects of changes in community characteristics and policy measures. Methods: We used a modified version of SEIR model called SEIDRD (Susceptible - Exposed Latent - Diagnosed as Mild or severe - Recovered - Deaths). This was developed using Vensim PLE software version 8.0. This model also incorporated the seasonal and capacity variables for Pakistan and was adjusted for behavioural risk reduction measures such as lockdowns. Results: The SEIDRD model was able to closely replicate the active covid-19 cases curve function for Pakistan until now. It was able to show that given current trends, though the number of active cases are dropping, if the smart lockdown measures were to end, the cases are expected to show a rise from 28th August 2020 onwards reaching a second peak around 28th September 2020. It was also seen that increasing the ICU bed capacity in Pakistan from 4000 to 40000 will not make a significant difference in active case number. Another simulation for a vaccination schedule of 100000 vaccines per day was created which showed a decrease in covid cases in a slow manner over a period of months rather than days. Conclusion: This study attempts to successfully model the active covid-19 cases curve function of Pakistan and mathematically models the effect of seasonality, contact density, ICU bed availability and Lockdown measures. We were able to show the effectiveness of smart lockdowns and were also to predict that in case of no smart lockdowns, Pakistan can see a rise in active case number starting from 28th of August 2020. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.01.20182642v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.01.20182642 id: cord-347353-ll2pnl81 author: Saberi, M. title: Accounting for underreporting in mathematical modelling of transmission and control of COVID-19 in Iran date: 2020-05-06 words: 4508.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347353-ll2pnl81.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347353-ll2pnl81.txt summary: We use a mathematical epidemic model utilizing official confirmed data and estimates of underreporting to understand how transmission in Iran has been changing between February and April 2020. We estimate a reduction in the effective reproduction number during this period, from 1.73 (95% CI 1.60-1.87) on 1 March 2020 to 0.69 (95% CI 0.68-0.70) on 15 April 2020, due to various non-pharmaceutical interventions including school closures, a ban on public gatherings including sports and religious events, and full or partial closure of non-essential businesses. This study aims to understand the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Iran and to assess the effectiveness of the control measures that were put in place over time through estimation of the effective reproduction number ܴ ሺ ‫ݐ‬ ሻ defined as the average number of susceptible persons infected by an infected person during its infectious period at a given time in the course of the epidemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: Iran has been the hardest hit country by the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in the Middle East with 74,877 confirmed cases and 4,683 deaths as of 15 April 2020. With a relatively high case fatality ratio and limited testing capacity, the number of confirmed cases reported is suspected to suffer from significant under-reporting. Therefore, understanding the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and assessing the effectiveness of the interventions that have taken place in Iran while accounting for the uncertain level of underreporting is of critical importance. We use a mathematical epidemic model utilizing official confirmed data and estimates of underreporting to understand how transmission in Iran has been changing between February and April 2020. METHODS: We developed a compartmental transmission model to estimate the effective reproduction number and its fluctuations since the beginning of the outbreak in Iran. We associate the variations in the effective reproduction number with a timeline of interventions and national events. The estimation method also accounts for the underreporting due to low case ascertainment by estimating the percentage of symptomatic cases using delay adjusted case fatality ratio based on the distribution of the delay from hospitalization to death. FINDINGS: Our estimates of the effective reproduction number ranged from 0.66 to 1.73 between February and April 2020, with a median of 1.16. We estimate a reduction in the effective reproduction number during this period, from 1.73 (95% CI 1.60-1.87) on 1 March 2020 to 0.69 (95% CI 0.68-0.70) on 15 April 2020, due to various non-pharmaceutical interventions including school closures, a ban on public gatherings including sports and religious events, and full or partial closure of non-essential businesses. Based on these estimates and given that a near complete containment is no longer feasible, it is likely that the outbreak may continue until the end of the 2020 if the current level of physical distancing and interventions continue and no effective vaccination or therapeutic are developed and made widely available. INTERPRETATION: The series of non-pharmaceutical interventions and the public compliance that took place in Iran are found to be effective in slowing down the speed of the spread of COVID-19 within the studied time period. However, we argue that if the impact of underreporting is overlooked, the estimated transmission and control dynamics could mislead the public health decisions, policy makers, and general public especially in the earlier stages of the outbreak. FUNDING: Nil. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20087270 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20087270 id: cord-338819-wkb318sq author: Saez, Marc title: Effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants on the spatial spread of COVID-19 in Catalonia, Spain date: 2020-09-12 words: 9830.0 sentences: 497.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338819-wkb318sq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338819-wkb318sq.txt summary: Our objective was to investigate, at a small area level, whether long-term exposure to air pollutants increased the risk of COVID-19 incidence and death in Catalonia, Spain, controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors. Our objective in this paper was to investigate, at a small area level and controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors, whether long-term exposure to air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM 10 , coarse particles with a diameter of 10 µm or less) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), increased the risk of COVID-19 incidence and death in Catalonia, Spain. In Tables 2 and 3 we show the estimation results of the GLMM models with which we specified the association between air pollutants and the daily incident positive cases and daily deaths, controlling, in both cases, for socioeconomic and demographic variables, unobserved confounders and the spatial and the temporal dependency. abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of infection and death by COVID-19 could be associated with a heterogeneous distribution at a small area level of environmental, socioeconomic and demographic factors. Our objective was to investigate, at a small area level, whether long-term exposure to air pollutants increased the risk of COVID-19 incidence and death in Catalonia, Spain, controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors. METHODS: We used a mixed longitudinal ecological design with the study population consisting of small areas in Catalonia for the period February 25 to May 16, 2020. We estimated Generalized Linear Mixed models in which we controlled for a wide range of observed and unobserved confounders as well as spatial and temporal dependence. RESULTS: We have found that long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and, to a lesser extent, to coarse particles (PM(10)) have been independent predictors of the spatial spread of COVID-19. For every 1 μm/m(3) above the mean the risk of a positive test case increased by 2.7% (95% credibility interval, ICr: 0.8%, 4.7%) for NO(2) and 3.0% (95% ICr: -1.4%,7.44%) for PM(10). Regions with levels of NO(2) exposure in the third and fourth quartile had 28.8% and 35.7% greater risk of a death, respectively, than regions located in the first two quartiles. CONCLUSION: Although it is possible that there are biological mechanisms that explain, at least partially, the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and COVID-19, we hypothesize that the spatial spread of COVID-19 in Catalonia is attributed to the different ease with which some people, the hosts of the virus, have infected others. That facility depends on the heterogeneous distribution at a small area level of variables such as population density, poor housing and the mobility of its residents, for which exposure to pollutants has been a surrogate. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935120310744?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110177 id: cord-288676-wycj1imc author: Saini, Varinder title: Case Finding Strategies under National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) date: 2020-09-30 words: 4085.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288676-wycj1imc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288676-wycj1imc.txt summary: Looking from the programmatic point of view, with the pre-defined targets set for TB elimination, ACF seems to be an attractive option for early case finding and subsequent treatment, particularly during first 3 years after exposure, when the chances of developing active disease and spreading the infection are the highest. Close monitoring and rapid evaluation of innovative interventions, long term follow up of existing campaigns and carrying out randomized controlled trials in different epidemiological settings for studying the impact of different approaches for effective screening/case finding is urgently required, as we struggle to meet the goals so set forth in the End TB strategy. 35 Training and mobilization of patients, their contacts and socially active persons in the community as peer educators may work wonders in case finding and TB elimination. Active versus passive case finding for tuberculosis in marginalised and vulnerable populations in India: comparison of treatment outcomes abstract: Case finding, an important parameter in fight against Tuberculosis (TB) has always remained a challenge despite advances in diagnostic modalities, access to health care and administrative commitment. We are still far from reaching the goals so set as per End TB Strategy and National Strategic Plan 2017-2025, and case finding is of paramount importance for achieving the said targets. This article, after identifying the obstacles faced in case finding, explores the various case finding strategies in the perspective of diagnostics, feasibility, resource utilization and current recommendations. Need for prioritization of case finding in different settings with involvement and active participation of one and all has been discussed. Role of health education in an individual, general public and health care worker in the context of case finding has been highlighted. Research areas to strengthen case finding have been enumerated. The review concludes by bringing out the need for heightened efforts for case finding in TB as the resources are significantly diverted as the world is facing the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0019570720301773 doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.09.029 id: cord-257684-4b66lenw author: Salenger, Rawn title: The Surge after the Surge: Cardiac Surgery post-COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: ABSTRACT Background The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically reduced adult cardiac surgery case volumes as institutions and surgeons curtail non-urgent operations. There will be a progressive increase in deferred cases during the pandemic that will require completion within a limited time frame once restrictions ease. We investigated the impact of various levels of increased post-pandemic hospital operating capacity on the time to clear the backlog of deferred cases. Methods We collected data from four cardiac surgery programs across two health systems. We recorded case rates at baseline and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We created a mathematical model to quantify the cumulative surgical backlog based on the projected pandemic duration. We then used our model to predict the time required to clear the backlog depending on the level of increased operating capacity. Results Cardiac surgery volumes fell to 54% of baseline after restrictions were implemented. Assuming a service restoration date of either June 1 or July 1, we calculated the need to perform 216% or 263% of monthly baseline volume, respectively, to clear the backlog in one month. The actual duration required to clear the backlog is highly dependent on hospital capacity in the post-COVID time period, and ranges from one to eight months depending on when services are restored and degree of increased capacity. Conclusions Cardiac surgical operating capacity during the COVID-19 recovery period will have a dramatic impact on the time to clear the deferred cases backlog. Inadequate operating capacity may cause substantial delays and increase morbidity and mortality. If only pre-pandemic capacity is available, the backlog will never clear. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003497520306937?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.018 id: cord-326929-ytix4l1o author: Samillan, V. J. title: Environmental and climatic impact on the infection and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 in Peru date: 2020-09-18 words: 4344.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326929-ytix4l1o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326929-ytix4l1o.txt summary: In this study, we explored the relationship between the cumulative number of infections and mortality cases with climate (temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, water vapor pressure, wind), environmental data (elevation, NDVI, PM2.5 and NO2 concentration), and population density in Peru. Multiple linear regression models indicate elevation, mean solar radiation, air quality, population density and green cover are influential factors in the distribution of infection and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 in Peru. Although more studies are necessary, the rate of infection and the severity of the diseases seems different for people living in cities at high altitudes, where not only hipoxia is a major factor, but other factors such as air quality, solar radiation, and population density, could play a role in SARS-CoV-2 person-to-person transmission. The main objectives of this study was to explore the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality cases, case-fatality rates with a set of climate (temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, water vapor pressure, and wind), environmental data (elevation, NDVI, PM 2.5 and NO 2 concentration), and population density in Peru. abstract: The role of the environment and climate in the transmission and case-fatality rates of SARS-CoV-2 is still being investigated. Elevation and air quality are believed to be significant factors in the current development of the pandemic, but the influence of additional environmental factors remain unclear. In this study, we explored the relationship between the cumulative number of infections and mortality cases with climate (temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, water vapor pressure, wind), environmental data (elevation, NDVI, PM2.5 and NO2 concentration), and population density in Peru. Using the data from confirmed cases of infection from 1287 districts and confirmed cases of mortality in 479 districts, we used Spearman's correlations to assess the correlation between environmental and climatic factors with cumulative infection cases, cumulative mortality and case-fatality rate. We also explored district cases by the ecozones of coast, sierra, high montane forest and lowland rainforest. Multiple linear regression models indicate elevation, mean solar radiation, air quality, population density and green cover are influential factors in the distribution of infection and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 in Peru. The case-fatality rate was weakly associated with elevation. Our results also strongly suggest that exposure to poor air quality is a significant factor in the mortality of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 below the age of 30. We conclude that environmental and climatic factors do play a significant role in the transmission and case-fatality rates in Peru, however further study is required to see if these relationships are maintained over time. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.16.20196170v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.16.20196170 id: cord-291363-re45w37d author: Sanville, Bradley title: A Community Transmitted Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to SARS CoV2 in the United States date: 2020-03-30 words: 1308.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291363-re45w37d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291363-re45w37d.txt summary: title: A Community Transmitted Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to SARS CoV2 in the United States The current novel coronavirus (SARS CoV2) outbreak, which was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei, China has spread rapidly causing a significant public health crisis worldwide 1 . Two healthcare workers in contact with the patient at the outside hospital have subsequently tested positive for SARS CoV2. Overall, these reviews note a case fatality rate of 1.40-3.46%, though this may be considerably lower when accounting for a likely large number of mild or asymptomatic patients that were not tested 6, 9, 10 DeWit and colleagues from the NIH, Gilead, and Columbia University successfully treated rhesus macaques against a model of MERS 13 . As noted in a recent editorial, diagnosis becomes even more difficult considering the likelihood of a large number of mild or asymptomatic patients who are not formally identified with a SARS CoV2 infection 18, 19 . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32227197/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa347 id: cord-028444-bl9ahsxk author: Sarfo, Anthony Kwabena title: Application of Geospatial Technologies in the COVID-19 Fight of Ghana date: 2020-07-04 words: 4601.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028444-bl9ahsxk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028444-bl9ahsxk.txt summary: This research sought to highlight the use of geospatial technologies in the fight against COVID-19 in Ghana with best practices from China where the infections originated from; present the trends in Ghana and model near future trends of the virus. This app coupled with WorldPop analyses aided in the mapping of mobility patterns and tracking of infected cases or pandemics, hence, giving credence to how powerful spatial analysis methods are in modeling the spread of disease, pattern detection, delineating and hotspots and determination of possible future occurrences (Gardner 2020) . Comparing population distribution and COVID-19 cases (Fig. 5) , there is seemingly a link in infection trends and the regional level of Ghana''s population distribution.. The modeling was based on mobility dynamics, current COVID-19 cases, population dynamics, and the rate of SARS-CoV2 infection in Ghana. abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 infections continue unabated in Ghana and globally. The identification of country dynamics of the virus, its spread, and country-specific interventions in tackling the menace including the application of geospatial technologies. This research sought to highlight the use of geospatial technologies in the fight against COVID-19 in Ghana with best practices from China where the infections originated from; present the trends in Ghana and model near future trends of the virus. It was evident that just as other places, Ghana has employed geospatial technologies and continues to ply unchartered paths in solutions. The trend in Ghana is in line with a population concentration and tends to record higher figures in the southern parts. It is modeled that through incessant mobility patterns, infections will spread through to the middle parts and then the northern parts. The research, therefore, recommends the use of infrared scanners to augment testing practices and enhanced tracing of infected persons as well as the use of drones for the distribution of essential services. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7334632/ doi: 10.1007/s41403-020-00145-3 id: cord-331830-vr2eqsbq author: Sawalha, Khalid title: Systematic Review of COVID-19 Related Myocarditis: Insights on Management and Outcome date: 2020-08-18 words: 2828.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331830-vr2eqsbq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331830-vr2eqsbq.txt summary: Methods Using a combination of search terms in the PubMed/Medline, Ovid Medline and the Cochrane Library databases and manual searches on Google Scholar and the bibliographies of articles identified, we reviewed all cases reported in the English language citing myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection. Results Fourteen records comprising a total of fourteen cases that report myocarditis/myopericarditis secondary to COVID-19 infection were identified. Infection with the novel pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also referred to as COVID-19, was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 (1). Pulmonary involvement is the most dominant clinical manifestation of COVID-19 including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which is associated with higher mortality, up to 52.4% in one series (3). Until prospective studies and trials establish guidelines for the management of COVID-19 myocarditis, treatment has to be catered to individual case presentations. abstract: Abstract Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also referred to as COVID-19, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The manifestations of COVID-19 are widely variable and range from asymptomatic infection to multi-organ failure and death. Like other viral illnesses, acute myocarditis has been reported to be associated with COVID-19 infection. However, guidelines for the diagnosis of COVID-19 myocarditis have not been established. Methods Using a combination of search terms in the PubMed/Medline, Ovid Medline and the Cochrane Library databases and manual searches on Google Scholar and the bibliographies of articles identified, we reviewed all cases reported in the English language citing myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection. Results Fourteen records comprising a total of fourteen cases that report myocarditis/myopericarditis secondary to COVID-19 infection were identified. There was a male predominance (58%), with the median age of the cases described being 50.4 years. The majority of patients did not have a previously identified comorbid condition (50%), but of those with a past medical history, hypertension was most prevalent (33%). Electrocardiogram findings were variable, and troponin was elevated in 91% of cases. Echocardiography was performed in 83% of cases reduced function was identified in 60%. Endotracheal intubation was performed in the majority of cases. Glucocorticoids were most commonly used in treatment of myocarditis (58%). Majority of patients survived to discharge (81%) and 85% of those that received steroids survived to discharge. Conclusion Guidelines for diagnosis and management of COVID-19 myocarditis have not been established and our knowledge on management is rapidly changing. The use of glucocorticoids and other agents including IL-6 inhibitors, IVIG and colchicine in COVID-19 myocarditis is debatable. In our review, there appears to be favorable outcomes related to myocarditis treated with steroid therapy. However, until larger scale studies are conducted, treatment approaches have to be made on an individualized case-by-case basis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1553838920304978 doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.08.028 id: cord-347375-5ucemm87 author: Sazzad, Hossain M.S. title: Nipah Virus Infection Outbreak with Nosocomial and Corpse-to-Human Transmission, Bangladesh date: 2013-02-17 words: 4333.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347375-5ucemm87.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347375-5ucemm87.txt summary: In Bangladesh, 135 probable or confirmed cases of Nipah virus (NiV) infection in humans were identified from 2001 through 2008; 98 (73%) were fatal (1) . To detect outbreaks of NiV infection, the surveillance system identifies sporadic NiV cases during January-March and clusters of encephalitis patients throughout the year. To assess asymptomatic NiV infection in the outbreak community, we asked community members who had close physical contact or had shared date palm sap from the same pot with probable or confirmed case-patients within the preceding month, to provide a blood specimen for serologic testing. We shipped an aliquot of serum, cerebrospinal fluid, throat swab specimens, and urine from patients with probable and confirmed cases of NiV infection and from those with IgM against NiV to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA, for confirmatory testing. abstract: Active Nipah virus encephalitis surveillance identified an encephalitis cluster and sporadic cases in Faridpur, Bangladesh, in January 2010. We identified 16 case-patients; 14 of these patients died. For 1 case-patient, the only known exposure was hugging a deceased patient with a probable case, while another case-patient’s exposure involved preparing the same corpse for burial by removing oral secretions and anogenital excreta with a cloth and bare hands. Among 7 persons with confirmed sporadic cases, 6 died, including a physician who had physically examined encephalitis patients without gloves or a mask. Nipah virus–infected patients were more likely than community-based controls to report drinking raw date palm sap and to have had physical contact with an encephalitis patient (29% vs. 4%, matched odds ratio undefined). Efforts to prevent transmission should focus on reducing caregivers’ exposure to infected patients’ bodily secretions during care and traditional burial practices. url: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1902.120971 doi: 10.3201/eid1902.120971 id: cord-221717-h1h2vd3r author: Scabini, Leonardo F. S. title: Social Interaction Layers in Complex Networks for the Dynamical Epidemic Modeling of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-05-16 words: 8576.0 sentences: 410.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.txt summary: Therefore this study presents a new approach to model the COVID-19 epidemic using a multi-layer complex network, where nodes represent people, edges are social contacts, and layers represent different social activities. The SIR model on networks works as follows: each node represents a person and, the elements are connected according to some criteria and the epidemic propagation happens through an agent-based approach. At the end of the evolution of a SIR model applied to a network, the number of nodes in each SIR category (susceptible, infected and recovered) can be calculated for each unit of time evaluated and then compare these data with real information, for example, the hospital capabilities of the health system. Unlike the traditional SIR model, which consists of a single β term to describe the probability of infection, here we propose a dynamic strategy to better represent the real world and the new COVID-19 disease. abstract: We are currently living in a state of uncertainty due to the pandemic caused by the Sars-CoV-2 virus. There are several factors involved in the epidemic spreading such as the individual characteristics of each city/country. The true shape of the epidemic dynamics is a large, complex system such as most of the social systems. In this context, Complex networks are a great candidate to analyze these systems due to their ability to tackle structural and dynamical properties. Therefore this study presents a new approach to model the COVID-19 epidemic using a multi-layer complex network, where nodes represent people, edges are social contacts, and layers represent different social activities. The model improves the traditional SIR and it is applied to study the Brazilian epidemic by analyzing possible future actions and their consequences. The network is characterized using statistics of infection, death, and hospitalization time. To simulate isolation, social distancing, or precautionary measures we remove layers and/or reduce the intensity of social contacts. Results show that even taking various optimistic assumptions, the current isolation levels in Brazil still may lead to a critical scenario for the healthcare system and a considerable death toll (average of 149,000). If all activities return to normal, the epidemic growth may suffer a steep increase, and the demand for ICU beds may surpass 3 times the country's capacity. This would surely lead to a catastrophic scenario, as our estimation reaches an average of 212,000 deaths even considering that all cases are effectively treated. The increase of isolation (up to a lockdown) shows to be the best option to keep the situation under the healthcare system capacity, aside from ensuring a faster decrease of new case occurrences (months of difference), and a significantly smaller death toll (average of 87,000). url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.08125v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-029410-m19od0wj author: Scatti-Regàs, Aina title: Clinical features and origin of cases of parotiditis in an emergency department() date: 2020-07-19 words: 1034.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029410-m19od0wj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029410-m19od0wj.txt summary: 2 Some of the infectious agents other than MuV that may be involved in parotitis as a general clinical presentation include influenza A virus, parainfluenza virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), adenovirus, coxsackievirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), parvovirus B19, herpesvirus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, as well as gram-positive bacteria, atypical mycobacteria and Bartonella species. We carried out a retrospective study through the collection of data corresponding to 2 full years (2016 and 2017), including all patients given a diagnosis of parotitis (with swelling of the parotid glands being a requirement for inclusion) in the paediatric emergency department of a tertiary ଝ Please cite this article as: Scatti-Regàs A., Aguilar-Ferrer M.C., Antón-Pagarolas A., Martínez-Gómez X., González-Peris S. Another 5 patients received an aetiological diagnosis of parotitis due to MuV by serologic testing (positive IgM test), adding up to a total of 18 cases caused by MuV. Patients with MuV infection were significantly older compared to children with a different aetiological agent (median age, 14.3 vs 6.5 years; P = .005). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7369014/ doi: 10.1016/j.anpede.2019.11.007 id: cord-331666-iwkuwnun author: Schweitzer, Wolf title: Implications for forensic death investigations from first Swiss post-mortem CT in a case of non-hospital treatment with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 words: 3810.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331666-iwkuwnun.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331666-iwkuwnun.txt summary: Comment: With the pandemic impact of SARS-COV-2, a range of issues unfolds, also for medicolegal investigations into deaths, as we report the first Swiss case with post-mortem CT where death had occurred due to a SARS-COV-2 infection, with features of a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, as an outpatient. Control: Case of a 24 year old woman who had no acute respiratory distress syndrome related findings at all; there was post-mortem hypostasis dorsally at the right lung. While this man''s subjective report apparently did not include dyspnea, even less than a day prior to his death, the pulmonary pathology of this outpatient, as evidenced by PMCT, appears to extend beyond the severity shown in descriptions of currently published SARS-CoV-2-related fatalities, all of which apparently had obtained prior hospital and intensive-care treatment [39] [40] [41] . As post-mortem RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 in a forensic setting may not be available or too slow, PMCT may identify lung changes possibly related to COVID-19. abstract: Abstract Case details: A case of a 50-year old HIV-positive man is presented, with focus on visualization of post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) of the lungs, in comparison to a forensic control case. He had been found dead at home, a day after his nasopharyngeal swab had returned positive for SARS-COV-2, three days after the sample had been taken as an outpatient, over five weeks after first exhibiting possible symptoms. 3D-visualization was performed by visually discriminating correlates for aerated, poorly aerated and non-aerated lung regions. The visual side-by-side comparison with a control case shows the deterioration beyond any ”normal” post-mortem finding, however. The PMCT findings in the lungs resemble those of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), while histologically identified inflammation also shows, in part binuclear, lymphocytes. In addition, acute liver dystrophy and acute tubular necrosis in the kidneys were found. Except coronary artery atherosclerosis, there appeared to be no remarkable pathology of the heart. Comment: With the pandemic impact of SARS-COV-2, a range of issues unfolds, also for medicolegal investigations into deaths, as we report the first Swiss case with post-mortem CT where death had occurred due to a SARS-COV-2 infection, with features of a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, as an outpatient. As this pandemic from the view of risk assessment does constitute a black swan, underestimated fat tails as technical reason should be addressed by also analyzing apparent extreme single observations. This case of an outpatient (without hospital or intensive-care treatment) shows a pulmonary progression beyond the typical findings of COVID-19, to a non-specific picture of ARDS, where histologically, in part binuclear lymphocytes were remarked. What appeared to be an initially slow progression with final rapid escalation raises the question whether nasopharyngeal swabs alone or added pulmonary CT might be better for screening high-risk patients. The reported symptoms and relatively late medical consultation in this case appeared to contrast with the extensive pathology, raising the question whether any search for super-spreaders should not just focus on asymptomatic but under-reported symptomatic patients, and whether their prolonged circulation in everyday life would justify measures such as for example more extensive face mask policies. As post-mortem testing for SARS-COV-2 may not be available for every case, PMCT may provide sensitive testing for lung changes related to COVID-19. In order to allow for more precise medicolegal investigations in the context of COVID-19, however, any more specific extra tests may have to be financed by stakeholders in epidemiology, infectious disease or policy. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2666225620300270 doi: 10.1016/j.fri.2020.200378 id: cord-310288-onr700ue author: Sciubba, Daniel M. title: Scoring system to triage patients for spine surgery in the setting of limited resources: Application to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond date: 2020-05-29 words: 3593.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310288-onr700ue.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310288-onr700ue.txt summary: title: Scoring system to triage patients for spine surgery in the setting of limited resources: Application to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond Methods Using a modified Delphi technique, a cohort of 16 fellowship-trained spine surgeons from 10 academic medical centers constructed a scoring system for the triage and prioritization of emergent and elective spine surgeries. Results The devised scoring system included 8 independent components: neurological status, underlying spine stability, presentation of a high-risk post-operative complication, patient medical comorbidities, expected hospital course, expected discharge disposition, facility resource limitations, and local disease burden. Conclusion Here we present the first quantitative urgency scoring system for the triage and prioritizing of spine surgery cases in resource-limited settings. The devised scoring system included 8 independent components: neurological status, underlying 19 spine stability, presentation of a high-risk post-operative complication, patient medical 20 comorbidities, expected hospital course, expected discharge disposition, facility resource 21 limitations, and local disease burden. abstract: Abstract Background As of May 04, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 3.5 million people and touched every inhabited continent. Accordingly, it has stressed health systems the world over leading to the cancellation of elective surgical cases and discussions regarding healthcare resource rationing. It is expected that rationing of surgical resources will continue even after the pandemic peak, and may recur with future pandemics, creating a need for a means of triaging emergent and elective spine surgery patients. Methods Using a modified Delphi technique, a cohort of 16 fellowship-trained spine surgeons from 10 academic medical centers constructed a scoring system for the triage and prioritization of emergent and elective spine surgeries. Three separate rounds of videoconferencing and written correspondence were used to reach a final scoring system. Sixteen test cases were used to optimize the scoring system so that it could categorize cases as requiring emergent, urgent, high-priority elective, or low-priority elective scheduling. Results The devised scoring system included 8 independent components: neurological status, underlying spine stability, presentation of a high-risk post-operative complication, patient medical comorbidities, expected hospital course, expected discharge disposition, facility resource limitations, and local disease burden. The resultant calculator was deployed as a freely-available web-based calculator (https://jhuspine3.shinyapps.io/SpineUrgencyCalculator/). Conclusion Here we present the first quantitative urgency scoring system for the triage and prioritizing of spine surgery cases in resource-limited settings. We believe that our scoring system, while not all-encompassing, has potential value as a guide for triaging spine surgical cases during the COVID pandemic and post-COVID period. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1878875020312043 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.233 id: cord-201798-doi5w7tb author: Seto, Christopher title: Commuting Network Spillovers and COVID-19 Deaths Across US Counties date: 2020-10-02 words: 3507.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-201798-doi5w7tb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-201798-doi5w7tb.txt summary: We utilized 3-level mixed effects negative binomial regression models to estimate the impact of network COVID-19 exposure on county confirmed cases and deaths over time. We utilize 3-level mixed effects negative binomial models, analyzing COVID-19 cases and deaths of county-time periods (N=31,380), nested within counties (N=3,139), nested within states (N=51, includes DC). The weighted outcome regression model determines the causal effect of each county level characteristic on deaths by COVID-19 through statistical hypothesis testing. To aid our causal inference, we also conducted several analyses using different weighting strategies on a cross-sectional version of our data in which outcomes are cumulative counts of a county''s cases or deaths, and network and spatially lagged measures are based on these cumulative counts. Negative binomial models (with state and county random intercepts) predicting COVID-19 outcomes across 10 time periods based on network, spatial, and time lagged cases. abstract: This study explored how population mobility flows form commuting networks across US counties and influence the spread of COVID-19. We utilized 3-level mixed effects negative binomial regression models to estimate the impact of network COVID-19 exposure on county confirmed cases and deaths over time. We also conducted weighting-based analyses to estimate the causal effect of network exposure. Results showed that commuting networks matter for COVID-19 deaths and cases, net of spatial proximity, socioeconomic, and demographic factors. Different local racial and ethnic concentrations are also associated with unequal outcomes. These findings suggest that commuting is an important causal mechanism in the spread of COVID-19 and highlight the significance of interconnected of communities. The results suggest that local level mitigation and prevention efforts are more effective when complemented by similar efforts in the network of connected places. Implications for research on inequality in health and flexible work arrangements are discussed. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.01101v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-266077-l13wv186 author: Shenoy-Bhangle, Anuradha S title: Prospective Analysis of Radiology Resource Utilization and Outcomes for Participation in Oncology Multidisciplinary Conferences date: 2020-07-01 words: 3668.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266077-l13wv186.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266077-l13wv186.txt summary: MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following institutional review board approval, prospective data on all MDCs covered by abdominal radiologists at a single tertiary care academic center were obtained over nine weeks. CONCLUSION: Section-wide radiologist participation in MDCs directly resulted in change in clinical management in nearly half of reviewed cases. MDC impact on radiology and pathology workflow was previously studied in a single conference setting, highlighting time demands, but without a translation into cost, or reference to outcomes (11) . The data from each case was then measured for four basic outcomes that highlighted contributions directly attributable to the radiologist: 1) Any changes from the original imaging report that the attending radiologist deemed clinically impactful to warrant presentation at MDC, 2) changes in cancer staging for oncology cases, and 3) instances when the radiologist either recommended a new diagnostic imaging study at the MDC, or 4) recommended cancelling a planned follow-up imaging study for lack of added value. abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Radiology participation is necessary in oncology multidisciplinary conferences (MDCs), but the resources required to do so are often unaccounted for. In this prospective study we provide an analysis of resource utilization as a function of outcomes for all MDCs covered by an entire radiology section and provide a time-based cost estimate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following institutional review board approval, prospective data on all MDCs covered by abdominal radiologists at a single tertiary care academic center were obtained over nine weeks. A predefined questionnaire was used by a single observer who attended every imaging review and recorded the total time spent by the radiologists and several outcome measures. The total time recorded was used to provide a time-based cost estimate using a national salary survey. RESULTS: Six radiologists participated in a total of 57 MDCs, with 577 cases reviewed and discussed. 181 (31%) cases were performed at outside facilities requiring full reinterpretation. Clinically significant revisions to original reports were recorded in 107 (18.5%) cases. Radiologist input directly resulted in alteration of cancer staging in 65 (11%) patients and specific recommendations for follow-up diagnostic workup in 280 (48%) of cases. The mean total time devoted by the staff radiologist per week to MDCs was 18.7 hours/week, nearly a half of full-time effort, or 8% of total effort per radiologist. The total annual projected cost of radiology coverage for each weekly MDC was $26,920. CONCLUSION: Section-wide radiologist participation in MDCs directly resulted in change in clinical management in nearly half of reviewed cases. This was achieved at a notable time cost, highlighting the need for efficient integration of radiology MDC participation into radiologist workflow and compensation models. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1076633220303469 doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.05.036 id: cord-305498-8tmtvw1r author: Singh Saraj, K. title: Modification of Neurosurgical Practice during Corona Pandemic: Our Experience at AIIMS Patna And Long Term Guidelines date: 2020-09-10 words: 4194.0 sentences: 330.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305498-8tmtvw1r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305498-8tmtvw1r.txt summary: Neurosurgery department formulated their own strategy for successful and covid free management of neurosurgical patients along with zero transmission rate among doctors and staff. METHODS: All Neurosurgical patients who got attended, admitted and operated from 25(th) March to 30(th) June 2020 (Period of lockdown) were taken in this study. A proper training to all neurosurgical staff and residents were given for management of patients (admission to operation to discharge). CONCLUSION: Following a properly made standard operating procedure and strictly implementing it can avoid any type of misadventure in neurosurgery during corona pandemic. To avert crisis during such pandemic, hospital and department both need a strategy to meticulously manage their staff, emergency, operation theatre complex (OTC), Intensive care unit (ICU) and wards. One Resident was fixed for taking rounds of covid negative patients in the ward and ICU for 1 week. [9, 10, 12] At our center, all patients were shifted to Neurosurgical ICU in post-operative period. abstract: BACKGROUND: First case of covid-19 was confirmed on 30(th) January, 2020 in India. Our state, Bihar reported its first confirmed case of covid on 22(nd) march 2020 at AIIMS Patna. For safety, Electives surgeries and outpatient department was suspended temporary since 25(th) March. Standard operating procedure (SOP) was framed for covid suspected, covid positive and negative patients. Neurosurgery department formulated their own strategy for successful and covid free management of neurosurgical patients along with zero transmission rate among doctors and staff. METHODS: All Neurosurgical patients who got attended, admitted and operated from 25(th) March to 30(th) June 2020 (Period of lockdown) were taken in this study. Categorizations of the patients were done according to the urgency and elective nature of pathology after corona screening and RT-PCR testing of covid-19. A proper training to all neurosurgical staff and residents were given for management of patients (admission to operation to discharge). RESULTS: Total 133 patients were attended and 90 were admitted. We operated 76 cases (major -52, minor – 24) during the lockdown period. Out of this 2 were corona positive (both eventually succumbed) and rest 74 was corona negative. One patient who was operated with corona negative report became positive after 10 days of surgery inward. All the residents, faculty and nursing staff remain asymptomatic throughout the lockdown period with zero infection rate and zero transmission rate. CONCLUSION: Following a properly made standard operating procedure and strictly implementing it can avoid any type of misadventure in neurosurgery during corona pandemic. KEY MESSAGE: Adequate planning and sufficient training is necessary to avoid any untoward incident of infection. Proper utilization of limited human resources and infectious kit is needed at this time. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214751920304564?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100895 id: cord-254955-q5gb4qkq author: Singh, B. P. title: Forecasting Novel Corona Positive Cases in Indiausing Truncated Information: A Mathematical Approach date: 2020-05-05 words: 3403.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254955-q5gb4qkq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254955-q5gb4qkq.txt summary: Novel corona virus is declared as pandemic and India is struggling to control this from a massive attack of death and destruction, similar to the other countries like China, Europe, and the United States of America. The time of point of inflexion is found in the end of the April, 2020 means after that the increasing growth will start decline and there will be no new case in India by the end of July, 2020. For the spread of novel corona virus, when disease dynamics are still unclear, mathematical modeling helps us to estimate the cumulative number of positive cases in the present scenarios. We obtained the truncated information on cumulative number of corona positive confirmed cases in India from March 13 to April 2, 2020 from covid19india.org. For example in the corona virus case, the maximum limit would be the total number of exposed people in India because when everybody is infected, the growth will be stopped. abstract: Novel corona virus is declared as pandemic and India is struggling to control this from a massive attack of death and destruction, similar to the other countries like China, Europe, and the United States of America. India reported 2545 cases novel corona confirmed cases as of April 2, 2020 and out of which 191 cases were reported recovered and 72 deaths occurred. The first case of novel corona is reported in India on January 30, 2020. The growth in the initial phase is following exponential. In this study an attempt has been made to model the spread of novel corona infection. For this purpose logistic growth model with minor modification is used and the model is applied on truncated information on novel corona confirmed cases in India. The result is very exiting that till date predicted number of confirmed corona positive cases is very close to observed on. The time of point of inflexion is found in the end of the April, 2020 means after that the increasing growth will start decline and there will be no new case in India by the end of July, 2020. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.29.20085175 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.29.20085175 id: cord-338466-7uvta990 author: Singh, Brijesh P. title: Modeling and forecasting the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in India and significance of lockdown: A mathematical outlook date: 2020-10-31 words: 9001.0 sentences: 478.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338466-7uvta990.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338466-7uvta990.txt summary: For the spread of COVID-19, when disease dynamics are still unclear, mathematical modeling helps us to estimate the cumulative number of positive cases in the present scenarios. There are already various measures such as social distancing, lockdown masking and washing hand regularly has been implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19, but in absence of particular medicine and vaccine it is very important to predict how the infection is likely to develop among the population that support prevention of the disease and aid in the preparation of healthcare service. The logistic growth regression model is used for the estimation of the final size and its peak time of the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries of the World and found similar result obtained by SIR model (Batista, 2020) . abstract: A very special type of pneumonic disease that generated the COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and is spreading all over the world. The ongoing outbreak presents a challenge for data scientists to model COVID-19, when the epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 are yet to be fully explained. The uncertainty around the COVID-19 with no vaccine and effective medicine available till today create additional pressure on the epidemiologists and policy makers. In such a crucial situation, it is very important to predict infected cases to support prevention of the disease and aid in the preparation of healthcare service. India is fighting efficiently against COVID-19 and facing greater challenges because of its large population and high population density. Though the government of India is taking all needful steps to prevent its spread but it is not enough to control and stop spread of the disease so far, perhaps due to defiant nature of people living in India. Effective measure to control this disease, medical professionals needs to know the estimated size of this pandemic and pace. In this study, an attempt has been made to understand the spreading capability of COVID-19 in India through some simple models. Findings suggest that the lockdown strategies implemented in India are not successfully reducing the pace of the pandemic significantly after first lockdown. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169716120300493 doi: 10.1016/bs.host.2020.10.005 id: cord-283294-fvhq8yud author: Skalet, Alison H. title: Considerations for the Management and Triage of Ocular Oncology Cases during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-21 words: 1307.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283294-fvhq8yud.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283294-fvhq8yud.txt summary: title: Considerations for the Management and Triage of Ocular Oncology Cases during the COVID-19 Pandemic To the extent possible, ocular oncology surgical cases for malignant tumors and some visionthreatening benign tumors should proceed during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The availability of local resources and perceived risk for COVID-19 exposure asso-Mruthyunjaya/Gombos Ocul Oncol Pathol 2 DOI: 10.1159/000507734 ciated with care given a region''s burden of disease may also factor into decision-making. It is important to note that while retinoblastoma care does not fall into an urgent category due to optimal timing for serial interventions, the continuation of retinoblastoma care including examinations under anesthesia is a critical need and should be prioritized − Nonurgent cases should be deferred for at least 2-3 months or until improved availability of local and national operating room resources Some surgical cases are believed to carry a higher risk for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [4, 5] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32411697/ doi: 10.1159/000507734 id: cord-006790-lye0qjw8 author: Song, R. title: Surveillance of the first case of human avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Beijing, China date: 2013-10-16 words: 2779.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006790-lye0qjw8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006790-lye0qjw8.txt summary: A number of specimens from the environment of this cluster and from the feces specimens tested positive for viral RNA of the H7N9 virus on the fourth day following onset of the index case''s illness. A number of specimens from the environment of this cluster and from the feces specimens tested positive for viral RNA of the H7N9 virus on the fourth day following onset of the index case''s illness. Fifteen hours after the fever began, the pharyngeal swab collected from the index case tested positive for the H7N9 virus by RT-time PCR. Pharyngeal swabs collected from the index case''s mother tested positive for the H7N9 virus on 12 April and 14 April and were negative after 15 April. Although the family members of the index case were all exposed to asymptomatic chickens infected with H7N9 virus, they presented with distinct outcomes. abstract: PURPOSE: Human infections with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus manifested in China in March 2013. The first case infected with H7N9 virus in Beijing involved a family member of a chicken dealer and was reported in April 2013. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of this case and her parents were examined to illustrate some key traits regarding this novel H7N9 virus. METHODS: The index case was subjected to intensive clinical examination in order to observed the clinical process. Real-time PCR was used to confirm cases infected with H7N9 virus. The index case was administered oseltamivir (45 mg, twice daily) at the early stage of the infection. Sera were collected from the index case and her parents from the onset of illness onwards. The subjects were followed for 4 weeks. RESULTS: The sera were confirmed by neutralizing antibody tests. The index case’s clinical manifestation progressed quickly. The pharyngeal swab tested positive for influenza A based on the detection of influenza A antigen (rapid influenza diagnostic test) 15 h after the onset of fever and was positive for H7N9 virus. The patient’s temperature dropped to 36.2 °C 18 h after treatment by oseltamivir (32 h after fever). Cough and other symptoms alleviated rapidly. A number of specimens from the environment of this cluster and from the feces specimens tested positive for viral RNA of the H7N9 virus on the fourth day following onset of the index case’s illness. Pharyngeal swabs of the mother tested positive for H7N9 virus twice, but she showed no clinical symptoms. Four weeks after disease onset, the family did not present any clinical symptoms, and the results of the physical examination and blood tests were normal. The mother and the case’s sera had a fourfold increased neutralizing antibody titer. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and early initiation of the treatment of confirmed infections is the most effective strategy for managing H7N9 virus infection. Human beings exposed to H7N9 virus may develop asymptomatic infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102393/ doi: 10.1007/s15010-013-0533-9 id: cord-281603-3308f8hm author: Souza, William Marciel de title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil date: 2020-04-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background: The first case of COVID-19 was detected in Brazil on February 25, 2020. We report the epidemiological, demographic, and clinical findings for confirmed COVID-19 cases during the first month of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: Individual-level and aggregated COVID-19 data were analysed to investigate demographic profiles, socioeconomic drivers and age-sex structure of COVID-19 tested cases. Basic reproduction numbers (R0) were investigated for Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify symptoms associated with confirmed cases and risk factors associated with hospitalization. Laboratory diagnosis for eight respiratory viruses were obtained for 2,429 cases. Findings: By March 25, 1,468 confirmed cases were notified in Brazil, of whom 10% (147 of 1,468) were hospitalised. Of the cases acquired locally (77.8%), two thirds (66.9% of 5,746) were confirmed in private laboratories. Overall, positive association between higher per capita income and COVID-19 diagnosis was identified. The median age of detected cases was 39 years (IQR 30-53). The median R0 was 2.9 for Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Cardiovascular disease/hypertension were associated with hospitalization. Co-circulation of six respiratory viruses, including influenza A and B and human rhinovirus was detected in low levels. Interpretation: Socioeconomic disparity determines access to SARS-CoV-2 testing in Brazil. The lower median age of infection and hospitalization compared to other countries is expected due to a younger population structure. Enhanced surveillance of respiratory pathogens across socioeconomic statuses is essential to better understand and halt SARS-CoV-2 transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.25.20077396 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.25.20077396 id: cord-017634-zhmnfd1w author: Straif-Bourgeois, Susanne title: Infectious Disease Epidemiology date: 2005 words: 12379.0 sentences: 662.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017634-zhmnfd1w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017634-zhmnfd1w.txt summary: Use of additional clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data may enable a physician to diagnose a disease even though the formal surveillance case definition may not be met. Another way to detect an increase of cases is if the surveillance system of reportable infectious diseases reveals an unusually high number of people with the same diagnosis over a certain time period at different health care facilities. On the other hand, however, there should be no time delay in starting an investigation if there is an opportunity to prevent more cases or the potential to identify a system failure which can be caused, for example, by poor food preparation in a restaurant or poor infection control practices in a hospital or to prevent future outbreaks by acquiring more knowledge of the epidemiology of the agent involved. In developing countries, surveys are often necessary to evaluate health problems since data collected routinely (disease surveillance, hospital records, case registers) are often incomplete and of poor quality. abstract: The following chapter intends to give the reader an overview of the current field of applied infectious disease epidemiology. Prevention of disease by breaking the chain of transmission has traditionally been the main purpose of infectious disease epidemiology. While this goal remains the same, the picture of infectious diseases is changing. New pathogens are identified and already known disease agents are changing their behavior. The world population is aging; more people develop underlying disease conditions and are therefore more susceptible to certain infectious diseases or have long term sequelae after being infected. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122244/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-26577-1_34 id: cord-290116-ytpofa7b author: Sujath, R. title: A machine learning forecasting model for COVID-19 pandemic in India date: 2020-05-30 words: 3555.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290116-ytpofa7b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290116-ytpofa7b.txt summary: Figure 5 shows the COVID-19 predicted confirmed cases; death cases and recovered cases based on actual confirmed, death and recovered data with a 95% CI with LR.The graph can be interpreted that cases are going to be increased in future as per the existing case data. Figure 9 shows the predicted impacts of COVID-19 based on the actual data of confirmed, death and recovered cases with 95% CI via LR. Figure 10 predicts the impacts of COVID-19 based on the actual data of confirmed, death and recovered cases with 95% CI through MLP. Figure 12 shows the predicted impacts of COVID-19 death based on the actual data of death cases with 95% CI through MLP. Figure 14 shows the predicted impacts of COVID-19 recovered based on the actual data of recovered cases with 95% CI with MLP. abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an inflammation disease from a new virus. The disease causes respiratory ailment (like influenza) with manifestations, for example, cold, cough and fever, and in progressively serious cases, the problem in breathing. COVID-2019 has been perceived as a worldwide pandemic and a few examinations are being led utilizing different numerical models to anticipate the likely advancement of this pestilence. These numerical models dependent on different factors and investigations are dependent upon potential inclination. Here, we presented a model that could be useful to predict the spread of COVID-2019. We have performed linear regression, Multilayer perceptron and Vector autoregression method for desire on the COVID-19 Kaggle data to anticipate the epidemiological example of the ailment and pace of COVID-2019 cases in India. Anticipated the potential patterns of COVID-19 effects in India dependent on data gathered from Kaggle. With the common data about confirmed, death and recovered cases across India for over the time length helps in anticipating and estimating the not so distant future. For extra assessment or future perspective, case definition and data combination must be kept up persistently. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01827-8 doi: 10.1007/s00477-020-01827-8 id: cord-122594-0y34yxlb author: Teles, Pedro title: Predicting the evolution Of SARS-Covid-2 in Portugal using an adapted SIR Model previously used in South Korea for the MERS outbreak date: 2020-03-23 words: 3691.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-122594-0y34yxlb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-122594-0y34yxlb.txt summary: This allowed me to fit the curve of current active cases in Portugal with a model, which I then use, by implementing the control measure parameters predicted in the model to predict the future number of cases, in five different scenarios (the out-of-control scenario, a scenario in which measures were the same as in the original model (scenario 1), a scenario where government measures are 50% as effective as those in South Korea, and self-protective measures reduce the transmission rate by 50% (scenario 2), a similar scenario but in this case the transmission rate was only reduced to 70% (scenario 3), and a fourth scenario, similar to the two previous ones but in which the transmission rate was reduced to 80%. • Scenario where government measures are 50% as effective as those in South Korea, and self-protective measures reduce the transmission rate by 80% (scenario 4) 3.1 Fitting of parameters λ and δ (Italy). abstract: The new coronavirus covid-19 has spread very quickly worldwide, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a state of pandemic. One of the questions many policy makers, and governments are asking themselves is how the spread is going to evolve in time. In this study, I applied an adapted SIR model previously used in South Korea to model the MERS outbreak, which is also caused by a coronavirus, to estimate the evolution of the curve of active cases in the case of the Portuguese situation, using Italian dara. I then construct five different scenarios for the evolution of covid-19 in Portugal. In the out of control scenario, the number of active cases could reach as much as ~40,000 people on the 5th of April (out-of-control scenario). If the self-protective and control are taken in the same level as what was considered for the South Korean model, this number could have be reduced to about 800 cases (scenario 1). Considering that this scenario is now unrealistic, three other scenarios were devised. In all these scenarios, the government measures had a 50% effectiveness when compared to the measures in Korea. But in scenario 2 the transmission rate $beta$ was effectively reduced to 50%, In this scenario active cases could reach circa 7,000 people. In scenario 3, the transmission rate $beta$ was reduced to 70% of its initial value, in which the number of cases would reach a peak of ~11,000 people. And finally in scenario 4, $beta$ was reduced to 80%. In this scenario, the peak would be reached at about ~13,000 cases. This study shows the importance of control and self-protecting measure to bring down the number of affected people by following the recommendations of the WHO and health authorities. With the appropriate measures, this number can be brought down to ~7,000-13,000 people. Hopefully that will be the case not just in Portugal, but in the rest of the World. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.10047v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-352635-yrq58n4k author: Teles, Pedro title: PREDICTING THE EVOLUTION OF COVID-19 IN PORTUGAL USING AN ADAPTED SIR MODEL PREVIOUSLY USED IN SOUTH KOREA FOR THE MERS OUTBREAK date: 2020-03-20 words: 3487.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352635-yrq58n4k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352635-yrq58n4k.txt summary: I then construct two or three different scenarios for the evolution of covid-19 in Portugal, considering both the effectiveness of the mitigation measurements implemented by the government, and the self-protective measures taken by the population, as explained in the South Korean model. Without control and self-protective measures, this model predicts that the figures of active cases of SARS-covid-2 would reach a staggering ~40,000 people It shows the importance of control and self-protecting measure to bring down the number of affected people by following the recommendations of the WHO and health authorities. This allowed me to fit the curve of current active cases in Portugal with a model, which I then use, by implementing the control measure parameters predicted in the model to predict the future number of cases, in three different scenarios (the outof-control scenario, a scenario in which the government is successful in applying control measures and citizens mildly adhere to self-protection measures, and a scenario in which the government fails to completely apply control measures, yet citizens still adhere to some measure of self-protection). abstract: Since original reports in Wuhan, China, the new coronavirus covid-19 has spread very quickly worldwide, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a state of pandemic. Moreover, as of the 13th of March 2020, the WHO has announced that the European continent is now the main centre of the pandemic. Many European governments have already implemented harsh measures to attempt to contain the spread of the virus. In Portugal, there are, as of the 20th of March 2020, 1020 confirmed cases. One of the questions many policy makers, and governments are asking themselves is how the spread is going to evolve in time. A timely idea of the amount of cases that will exist in a near future can allow governments and policy makers to act accordingly. In this study, I applied an adapted SIR model previously used in South Korea to model the MERS outbreak, which is also caused by a coronavirus, to estimate the evolution of the curve of active cases in the case of the Portuguese situation. As some of the parameters were unknown, and the data for Portugal is still scarce, given that the outbreak started later (first case on the 2nd of March) I used Italian data (first reported case in Italy on the 31st of January) to predict them. I then construct two or three different scenarios for the evolution of covid-19 in Portugal, considering both the effectiveness of the mitigation measurements implemented by the government, and the self-protective measures taken by the population, as explained in the South Korean model. In the out of control scenario, the number of active cases could reach as much as ~40,000 people by the beginning of April. If measures are appropriately taken this number can be reduced to about 800 cases. In case that some measures are taken, but their implementation is not done appropriately, the active cases could reach circa 7,000 people. The actual figures probably lie between the interval (~800-7,000) and the peak will be reached between 9th and the 20nd of April 2020. Without control and self-protective measures, this model predicts that the figures of active cases of SARS-covid-2 would reach a staggering ~40,000 people It shows the importance of control and self-protecting measure to bring down the number of affected people by following the recommendations of the WHO and health authorities. With the appropriate measures, this number can be brought down to ~800-7,000 people. Hopefully that will be the case not just in Portugal, but in the rest of the World. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.18.20038612 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.18.20038612 id: cord-011745-dbdtpojs author: Thompson, Mark G. title: Effectiveness of Nonadjuvanted Monovalent Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Vaccines for Preventing Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction–Confirmed Pandemic Influenza Hospitalizations: Case-Control Study of Children and Adults at 10 US Influenza Surveillance Network Sites date: 2013-12-01 words: 2602.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011745-dbdtpojs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011745-dbdtpojs.txt summary: title: Effectiveness of Nonadjuvanted Monovalent Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Vaccines for Preventing Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction–Confirmed Pandemic Influenza Hospitalizations: Case-Control Study of Children and Adults at 10 US Influenza Surveillance Network Sites During 2009-2010, we examined 217 patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza in 9 Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network sites and 413 ageand community-matched controls and found that a single dose of monovalent nonadjuvanted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine was 50% (95% confidence interval, 13%-71%) effective in preventing hospitalization associated with A(H1N1) pdm09 virus infection. During 2009-2010, we examined 217 patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza in 9 Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network sites and 413 ageand community-matched controls and found that a single dose of monovalent nonadjuvanted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine was 50% (95% confidence interval, 13%-71%) effective in preventing hospitalization associated with A(H1N1) pdm09 virus infection. abstract: During 2009–2010, we examined 217 patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza in 9 Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network sites and 413 age- and community-matched controls and found that a single dose of monovalent nonadjuvanted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine was 50% (95% confidence interval, 13%–71%) effective in preventing hospitalization associated with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7314184/ doi: 10.1093/cid/cit551 id: cord-006818-2lclcf1x author: Tibary, A. title: Reproductive emergencies in camelids date: 2008-06-02 words: 12124.0 sentences: 687.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006818-2lclcf1x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006818-2lclcf1x.txt summary: The objective of the present paper is to review the most common reproductive emergencies in male, female, and neonatal camelids. Pregnant females may present with a variety of emergency clinical syndromes, ranging from severe colic, downer (lateral or sternal continuous recumbency), anorexia, diarrhea, depression, neurologic conditions, excessive straining, vaginal discharge, premature lactation, vulvar dilation, or vaginal prolapse. Difficulties encountered in transrectal evaluation for uterine torsion include physical limitations, particularly in alpacas (tight anal sphincter, narrow pelvis and size of the examiner''s hand and arm), as well as a lack of experience palpating late-pregnant camelids in a sternal position. Regarding obstetrical procedures, there are three major differences between camelids and ruminants: (1) the pelvic inlet is narrower; (2) the cervix and vaginal are more prone to laceration and severe inflammation (often leading to adhesions); (3) risks for neonatal hypoxia and death are increased by the forceful uterine and abdominal contractions and the rapid detachment of the microcotyledonary placenta. abstract: Emergencies in theriogenology practice go beyond just saving the life of the patient, but also preserving its reproductive abilities. Camelid emergency medicine is a relatively new field. This paper discusses the most common reproductive emergencies, their diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in male and female camelids. The conclusions drawn are based primarily on clinical observations by the authors over the last 25 years. Special consideration is given to peculiarities of the species, particularly in the choice of obstetrical manipulations and therapies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103122/ doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.04.024 id: cord-017016-twwa9djm author: Tomashefski, Joseph F. title: Aspiration, Bronchial Obstruction, Bronchiectasis, and Related Disorders date: 2008 words: 20053.0 sentences: 1313.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017016-twwa9djm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017016-twwa9djm.txt summary: These occult aspirations may lead to interstitial fibrosis, and perhaps account for the 20% to 54 % incidence of associated and unexplained pulmonary fibrosis in patients with esophageal abnormalities, most commonly hiatal hernia or simple reflux,39,40 The role of reflux in asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic cough, recurrent pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and sudden infant death syndrome has been reviewed by Allen et al. 130 In their reviews, Phillips and Rao l3l and Penner and colleagues130 note that similar predisposing factors as those with community-acquired pneumonia, such as aspiration and abscess formation, pertain to this entity, but the location helps distinguish it from the other typical sites of aspiration, When in the upper lobes, it appears to progress through necrotizing pneumonia with thrombosis of arteries (pulmonary and bronchial) and veins, [129] [130] [131] Although not strictly abiding by the foregoing definition (of localization in upper lobe), in one case total unilateral lung gangrene was attributed to hilar vessel involvement following treatment of a massive hilar recurrence of Hodgkin''s disease. abstract: The conducting airways play a pivotal role in the spectrum of pulmonary pathology, not only as conduits for injurious agents to enter the lung, but also as an anatomic compartment that is affected by a diverse array of primary or secondary bronchocentric diseases. This chapter discusses aspiration and bronchial obstruction in detail, with emphasis on the aspiration of toxic, infective, or particulate matter. Lung abscess, a frequent complication of obstruction or aspiration, is also reviewed. Both aspiration and lung abscess are reconsidered within the context of pulmonary infectious disease mainly in Chapter 8 on bacterial infections, and to some extent in the chapters on mycobacterial (Chapter 9), fungal (Chapter 10), and parasitic diseases (Chapter 14). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121473/ doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-68792-6_5 id: cord-002972-ge7qt256 author: Torner, Núria title: Descriptive study of severe hospitalized cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza during five epidemic seasons (2010–2015) date: 2018-04-14 words: 2674.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-002972-ge7qt256.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002972-ge7qt256.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: The Plan of Information on Acute Respiratory Infections in Catalonia (PIDIRAC) included the surveillance of severe hospitalized cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza (SHCLCI) in 2009. Surveillance of SHCLCI provides an estimate of the severity of seasonal influenza epidemics and the identification and characterization of at-risk groups in order to facilitate preventive measures such as vaccination and early antiviral treatment. Given the situation generated by the 2009 pandemic caused by the new influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus, the PIDIRAC sentinel network included surveillance of severe hospitalized cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza (SHCLCI) to assess severity. The aims of SHCLCI surveillance are to provide an estimate of the severity of seasonal influenza epidemics to identify and characterize the risk groups that may present serious complications as a result of infection by circulating influenza viruses or their association with some underlying diseases and to identify the virological characteristics of viruses associated with these severe cases, such as genetic changes and/or antigenic changes that lead to increased virulence. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Plan of Information on Acute Respiratory Infections in Catalonia (PIDIRAC) included the surveillance of severe hospitalized cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza (SHCLCI) in 2009. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical, epidemiological and virological features of SHCLCI recorded in 12 sentinel hospitals during five influenza seasons. RESULTS: From a sample of SHCLCI recorded during the 5 influenza epidemics seasons from 2010–2011 to 2014–2015, Cases were confirmed by PCR and/or viral isolation in cell cultures from respiratory samples. A total of 1400 SHCLCI were recorded, 33% required ICU admission and 12% died. The median age of cases was 61 years (range 0–101 years); 70.5% were unvaccinated; 80.4% received antiviral treatment (in 79.6 and 24% of cases within 48 h after hospital admission and the onset of symptoms, respectively); influenza virus A [37.9% A (H1N1)pdm09, 29.3% A (H3N2)] was identified in 87.7% of cases. Surveillance of SHCLCI provides an estimate of the severity of seasonal influenza epidemics and the identification and characterization of at-risk groups in order to facilitate preventive measures such as vaccination and early antiviral treatment. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3349-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5899835/ doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3349-y id: cord-265049-uwzmvlr4 author: Tuge Deressa, Chernet title: Modeling and Optimal Control Analysis of Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: The Case of Ethiopia date: 2020-10-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: A mathematical model to estimate transmission dynamics of COVID-19 is developed. A real data of confirmed cases for Ethiopia is used for parameter estimation via model fitting. Results showed that, the diseases free and endemic equilibrium points are found to be locally and globally asymptotically stable for Ro<1 and Ro>1 respectively. The basic reproduction number is Ro=1.5085. Optimal control analysis also showed that, combination of optimal preventive strategies such as public health education, personal protective measures and treatment of hospitalized cases are effective to significantly decrease the number of COVID-19 cases in different compartments of the model. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1110016820305202 doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2020.10.004 id: cord-325300-wawui0fd author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title: 4 Communicable Diseases date: 2000-12-31 words: 31276.0 sentences: 1672.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt summary: No less important are organized programs to promote self protection, case finding, and effective treatment of infections to stop their spread to other susceptible persons (e.g., HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, malaria). Very great progress has been made in infectious disease control by clinical, public health, and societal means since 1900 in the industrialized countries and since the 1970s in the developing world. The WHO in 1998 has declared hepatitis prevention as a major public health crisis, with an estimated 170 million persons infected worldwide (1996) , stressing that this "silent epidemic" is being neglected and that screening of blood products is vital to reduce transmission of this disease as for HIu HCV is a major cause of chronic cirrhosis and liver cancer. Varicella vaccine is now recommended for routine immunization at age 12-18 months in the United States, with catch-up for children up to age 13 years and for occupationally exposed persons in health or child care settings. abstract: Publisher Summary In a world of rapid international transport and contact between populations, systems are needed to monitor the potential explosive spread of pathogens that may be transferred from their normal habitat. The potential for the international spread of new or reinvigorated infectious diseases constitute threat to mankind akin to ecological and other man-made disasters. Public health has addressed the issues of communicable disease as one of its key issues in protecting individual and population health. Methods of intervention include classic public health through sanitation, immunization, and well beyond that into nutrition, education, case finding, and treatment, and changing human behavior. The knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of policy makers, health care providers, and parents is as important in the success of communicable disease control as are the technology available and methods of financing health systems. Together, these encompass the broad programmatic approach of the New Public Health to control of communicable diseases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780127033501500061 doi: 10.1016/b978-012703350-1/50006-1 id: cord-025337-lkv75bgf author: Vakkuri, Ville title: “This is Just a Prototype”: How Ethics Are Ignored in Software Startup-Like Environments date: 2020-05-06 words: 6722.0 sentences: 373.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025337-lkv75bgf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025337-lkv75bgf.txt summary: However, there is only limited research on methods and tools for implementing AI ethics in software development, and we currently have little knowledge of the state of practice. Yet, little is currently known about software development practices and methods in the context of AI ethics, as empirical studies in the area are scarce. The dynamic between actions and concerns was considered a tangible way to approach the focus of this study: practices for implementing AI ethics. The ethical concerns they had in relation to accountability were in general largely related to existing areas of focus in software development. Nonetheless, some of the ethical issues such as error handling and transparency of systems development were tackled in a systematic manner through existing software engineering practices such as code documentation and version control. • Even when ethics are not particularly considered, some currently commonly used software development practices, such as documentation, support EAD. abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions are becoming increasingly common in software development endeavors, and consequently exert a growing societal influence as well. Due to their unique nature, AI based systems influence a wide range of stakeholders with or without their consent, and thus the development of these systems necessitates a higher degree of ethical consideration than is currently carried out in most cases. Various practical examples of AI failures have also highlighted this need. However, there is only limited research on methods and tools for implementing AI ethics in software development, and we currently have little knowledge of the state of practice. In this study, we explore the state of the art in startup-like environments where majority of the AI software today gets developed. Based on a multiple case study, we discuss the current state of practice and highlight issues. The cases underline the complete ignorance of ethical consideration in AI endeavors. We also outline existing good practices that can already support the implementation of AI ethics, such as documentation and error handling. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7251612/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-49392-9_13 id: cord-346583-2w39qsld author: Valev, D. title: Relationships of total COVID-19 cases and deaths with ten demographic, economic and social indicators date: 2020-09-08 words: 5425.0 sentences: 343.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346583-2w39qsld.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346583-2w39qsld.txt summary: Below the results of statistical studies on the relationship of total COVID-19 cases per 1 million population and deaths per 1 million populations at 28 May 2020 with 10 demographic, economic and social indicators (indices) are shown. The statistical relationships of total COVID-19 Cases and Deaths per million populations in these countries with 10 demographic, economic and social indicators (indices) were studied. The statistical relationships of total COVID-19 Cases and Deaths per million populations in these countries with 10 demographic, economic and social indicators (indices) were studied. These indicators are Life Expectancy, Median Age, Growth Rate, Population Density, GDP PPP per capita, Human Development Index (HDI), Gini index of income equality, Intelligence Quotient (IQ), Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) and Democracy Index. These indicators are Life Expectancy, Median Age, Growth Rate, Population Density, GDP PPP per capita, Human Development Index (HDI), Gini index of income equality, Intelligence Quotient (IQ), Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) and Democracy Index. abstract: We have used data for 45 countries with a population of over 30 millions in which 85.8% of the world's population lives. The statistical relationships of total COVID-19 Cases and Deaths per million populations in these countries with 10 demographic, economic and social indicators (indices) were studied. These indicators are Life Expectancy, Median Age, Growth Rate, Population Density, GDP PPP per capita, Human Development Index (HDI), Gini index of income equality, Intelligence Quotient (IQ), Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) and Democracy Index. Statistically significant relationships were found with all indicators excluding Gini index and Population Density. We have found that the closest is the relationship of Deaths per million population and total Cases per million population with correlation coefficient R = 0.926. Therefore, it is clear statistically that the more are Cases per million in a country the more are Deaths per million. This confirms the correctness of the timely and effective introduction of the necessary pandemic restrictions in the countries. It is interesting that the close correlations were found of Cases and Deaths per 1 million with a purely economic index like GDP PPP per capita, where R = 0.687 and R = 0.660, respectively. Even more close correlations were found of Cases and Deaths per 1 million with a composite index HDI, where the correlation coefficients reach 0.724 and 0.680, respectively. This paradoxical results show that the richest and well-being countries are most seriously affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The most probable reason for this is the large percentage of aging population, comorbidity of population with severe chronic diseases and obesity in countries with high GDP and HDI. No less important reason appears the delayed and/or insufficiently effective pandemic restrictions in these countries, which have underestimated the danger of a pandemic in early stage. Other indicators (excluding Gini index and Population Density) also show statistically significant correlations with Cases and Deaths per 1 million with correlation coefficients from 0.432 to 0.634. The countries that deviates the most from the regression lines were shown. Surprisingly, there was no statistically significant correlation between Cases and Deaths with Population Density. The statistical significance of the found correlations determined using Student's t-test was p <0.0001. The countries that deviate the most from both sides of the regression line were shown. It has been shown that the correlations of COVID-19 cases and Deaths with the studied indicators decrease with time. Key words: COVID-19 pandemic; statistics; cases and deaths per million; demographic, economic and social indicators url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.05.20188953 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.05.20188953 id: cord-323705-n2rec4i8 author: Varatharaj, Aravinthan title: Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study date: 2020-06-25 words: 5252.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323705-n2rec4i8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323705-n2rec4i8.txt summary: METHODS: During the exponential phase of the pandemic, we developed an online network of secure rapid-response case report notification portals across the spectrum of major UK neuroscience bodies, comprising the Association of British Neurologists (ABN), the British Association of Stroke Physicians (BASP), and the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCPsych), and representing neurology, stroke, psychiatry, and intensive care. During the exponential phase of the pandemic, we developed an online network of secure rapidresponse case report notification portals (CoroNerve platforms) comprising the Association of British Neurologists (ABN) Rare Diseases Ascertainment and Recruitment (RaDAR), 12 the British Association of Stroke Physicians (BASP), 13 and the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCPsych), 14 in collabo ration with the British Paediatric Neurology Association (BPNA), 15 the Neuro Anaesthesia and Critical Care Society (who used the ABN portal), the Intensive Care Society, and key stakeholders. abstract: BACKGROUND: Concerns regarding potential neurological complications of COVID-19 are being increasingly reported, primarily in small series. Larger studies have been limited by both geography and specialty. Comprehensive characterisation of clinical syndromes is crucial to allow rational selection and evaluation of potential therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate the breadth of complications of COVID-19 across the UK that affected the brain. METHODS: During the exponential phase of the pandemic, we developed an online network of secure rapid-response case report notification portals across the spectrum of major UK neuroscience bodies, comprising the Association of British Neurologists (ABN), the British Association of Stroke Physicians (BASP), and the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCPsych), and representing neurology, stroke, psychiatry, and intensive care. Broad clinical syndromes associated with COVID-19 were classified as a cerebrovascular event (defined as an acute ischaemic, haemorrhagic, or thrombotic vascular event involving the brain parenchyma or subarachnoid space), altered mental status (defined as an acute alteration in personality, behaviour, cognition, or consciousness), peripheral neurology (defined as involving nerve roots, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, or muscle), or other (with free text boxes for those not meeting these syndromic presentations). Physicians were encouraged to report cases prospectively and we permitted recent cases to be notified retrospectively when assigned a confirmed date of admission or initial clinical assessment, allowing identification of cases that occurred before notification portals were available. Data collected were compared with the geographical, demographic, and temporal presentation of overall cases of COVID-19 as reported by UK Government public health bodies. FINDINGS: The ABN portal was launched on April 2, 2020, the BASP portal on April 3, 2020, and the RCPsych portal on April 21, 2020. Data lock for this report was on April 26, 2020. During this period, the platforms received notification of 153 unique cases that met the clinical case definitions by clinicians in the UK, with an exponential growth in reported cases that was similar to overall COVID-19 data from UK Government public health bodies. Median patient age was 71 years (range 23–94; IQR 58–79). Complete clinical datasets were available for 125 (82%) of 153 patients. 77 (62%) of 125 patients presented with a cerebrovascular event, of whom 57 (74%) had an ischaemic stroke, nine (12%) an intracerebral haemorrhage, and one (1%) CNS vasculitis. 39 (31%) of 125 patients presented with altered mental status, comprising nine (23%) patients with unspecified encephalopathy and seven (18%) patients with encephalitis. The remaining 23 (59%) patients with altered mental status fulfilled the clinical case definitions for psychiatric diagnoses as classified by the notifying psychiatrist or neuropsychiatrist, and 21 (92%) of these were new diagnoses. Ten (43%) of 23 patients with neuropsychiatric disorders had new-onset psychosis, six (26%) had a neurocognitive (dementia-like) syndrome, and four (17%) had an affective disorder. 18 (49%) of 37 patients with altered mental status were younger than 60 years and 19 (51%) were older than 60 years, whereas 13 (18%) of 74 patients with cerebrovascular events were younger than 60 years versus 61 (82%) patients older than 60 years. INTERPRETATION: To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide, cross-specialty surveillance study of acute neurological and psychiatric complications of COVID-19. Altered mental status was the second most common presentation, comprising encephalopathy or encephalitis and primary psychiatric diagnoses, often occurring in younger patients. This study provides valuable and timely data that are urgently needed by clinicians, researchers, and funders to inform immediate steps in COVID-19 neuroscience research and health policy. FUNDING: None. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S221503662030287X doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30287-x id: cord-349197-3trr8d0u author: Ventura, Francesco title: Two Fatal Cases of Hidden Pneumonia in Young People date: 2010-04-28 words: 2503.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349197-3trr8d0u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349197-3trr8d0u.txt summary: In both cases the cause of death was cardio‐respiratory failure following an acute bilateral pneumonia with diffuse alveolar damage and ARDS associated with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Our cases suggest on one side the importance of an early diagnosis to avoid unexpected death while on the other that the diagnosis of ARDS has to be confirmed on the basis of a careful postmortem examination and a complete microscopy and microbiological study. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma leading to impaired gas exchange with concomitant systemic release of inflammatory mediators by local epithelial and endothelial cells, causing inflammation, hypoxemia resulting often in multiple organ failure (MOF), and disseminate intravascular coagulation (DIC) (1) . The clinical presentation, the radiological and laboratory findings in one case, and the postmortem examination with histological, immunohistochemical, and microbiological exams in both cases, led us to conclude for an acute cardio-respiratory failure secondary to bilateral pneumonia with DAD and consequently ARDS associated with sepsis and DIC. abstract: Abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma leading to impaired gas exchange. This condition is often lethal, usually requiring mechanical ventilation and admission to an intensive care unit. We present two fatal cases of hidden pneumonia in young people and discuss the pathophysiological mechanism of ARDS with reference to the histological pattern. A complete forensic approach by means of autopsy and histological, immunohistochemical, and microbiological, examination was carried out. In both cases the cause of death was cardio‐respiratory failure following an acute bilateral pneumonia with diffuse alveolar damage and ARDS associated with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Our cases suggest on one side the importance of an early diagnosis to avoid unexpected death while on the other that the diagnosis of ARDS has to be confirmed on the basis of a careful postmortem examination and a complete microscopy and microbiological study. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01413.x doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01413.x id: cord-292490-djp9onk5 author: Verma, V. R. title: Projecting Demand-Supply Gap of Hospital Capacity in India in the face of COVID-19 pandemic using Age-Structured Deterministic SEIR model date: 2020-05-19 words: 5732.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt summary: Within a short span of time, a localized outbreak evolved into pandemic with three defining characteristics: a) Speed and Scale-the disease has spread quickly to all corners of the world, and its capacity for explosive spread has overwhelmed even the most resilient health systems b) Severity-Overall, 20% cases are severe or critical, with a crude clinical case fatality rate currently of over 3%, increasing in older age groups and in those with certain underlying conditions c) Societal and economic disruption-shocks to health and social care systems and measures taken to control transmission having deep socio-economic consequences (3) . Under case-3, where 10% of capacity in public facilities and 30% in private facilities is apportioned for COVID-19, and testing coverage is 200,000 per day with TTP of 5%, the estimated demand for severe and critical cases can only be met if supply of ICU beds and ventilators is increased by 8.4% and 2.6% before 27 th July 2020. abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to uncertainties encompassing the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, mathematical models informing the trajectory of disease are being proposed throughout the world. Current pandemic is also characterized by surge in hospitalizations which has overwhelmed even the most resilient health systems. Therefore, it is imperative to assess supply side preparedness in tandem with demand projections for comprehensive outlook. OBJECTIVE: Hence, we attempted this study to forecast the demand for hospital resources for one year period and correspondingly assessed capacity and tipping points of Indian health system to absorb surges in demand due to COVID-19. METHODS: We employed age- structured deterministic SEIR model and modified it to allow for testing and isolation capacity to forecast the demand under varying scenarios. Projections for documented cases were made for varying degree of mitigation strategies of a) No-lockdown b) Moderate-lockdown c) Full-lockdown. Correspondingly, data on a) General beds b) ICU beds and c) Ventilators was collated from various government records. Further, we computed the daily turnover of each of these resources which was then adjusted for proportion of cases requiring mild, severe and critical care to arrive at maximum number of COVID-19 cases manageable by health care system of India. FINDINGS: Our results revealed pervasive deficits in the capacity of public health system to absorb surge in demand during peak of epidemic. Also, continuing strict lockdown measures was found to be ineffective in suppressing total infections significantly, rather would only push the peak by a month. However, augmented testing of 500,000 tests per day during peak (mid-July) under moderate lockdown scenario would lead to more reported cases (5,500,000-6,000,000), leading to surge in demand for hospital resources. A minimum allocation of 10% public resources and 30% private resources would be required to commensurate with demand under that scenario. However, if the testing capacity is limited by 200,000 tests per day under same scenario, documented cases would plummet by half. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.14.20100537v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.14.20100537 id: cord-320666-cmqj8get author: Walach, H. title: What association do political interventions, environmental and health variables have with the number of Covid-19 cases and deaths? A linear modeling approach date: 2020-06-22 words: 7117.0 sentences: 444.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320666-cmqj8get.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320666-cmqj8get.txt summary: Results: We fitted two models with log-linearly linked variables on gamma-distributed outome variables (CoV2 cases and Covid-19 related deaths, standardized on population). Population standardized cases were best predicted by number of tests, life-expectancy in a country, and border closure (negative predictor, i.e. preventive). Population standardized deaths were best predicted by time, the virus had been in the country, life expectancy, smoking (negative predictor, i.e. preventive), and school closures (positive predictor, i.e. accelerating). The model predicting Covid-19 related deaths is presented in Table 3 : Here the duration the infection had been in the country is a significant positive predictor, and so is life expectancy. The major findings of this modeling study using population data for 40 countries are clear, if surprising: Life-expectancy emerges as a stable positive predictor both for standardized cases of CoV2 infections, as well as for Covid-19 related deaths. abstract: Background: It is unclear which variables contribute to the variance in Covid-19 related deaths and Covid-19 cases. Method: We modelled the relationship of various predictors (health systems variables, population and population health indicators) together with variables indicating public health measures (school closures, border closures, country lockdown) in 40 European and other countries, using Generalized Linear Models and minimized information criteria to select the best fitting and most parsimonious models. Results: We fitted two models with log-linearly linked variables on gamma-distributed outome variables (CoV2 cases and Covid-19 related deaths, standardized on population). Population standardized cases were best predicted by number of tests, life-expectancy in a country, and border closure (negative predictor, i.e. preventive). Population standardized deaths were best predicted by time, the virus had been in the country, life expectancy, smoking (negative predictor, i.e. preventive), and school closures (positive predictor, i.e. accelerating). Model fit statistics and model adequacy were good. Discussion and Interpretation: Interestingly, none of the variables that code for the preparedness of the medical system, for health status or other population parameters were predictive. Of the public health variables only border closure had the potential of preventing cases and none were predictors for preventing deaths. School closures, likely as a proxy for social distancing, was associated with increased deaths. Conclusion: The pandemic seems to run its autonomous course and only border closure has the potential to prevent cases. None of the contributes to preventing deaths. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.18.20135012v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20135012 id: cord-313420-ubm8j1xe author: Wang, Pengfei title: Severe air pollution events not avoided by reduced anthropogenic activities during COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-31 words: 4720.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313420-ubm8j1xe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313420-ubm8j1xe.txt summary: Compared with the case without emission change (Case 1), Case 3 predicted that PM2.5 concentrations decreased by up to 20% with absolute decreases of 5.35, 6.37, 9.23, 10.25, 10.30, 12.14, 12.75, 14.41, 18.00 and 30.79 μg/m3 in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Tianjin, Jinan, Taiyuan, Xi''an, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, respectively. In high-pollution days with PM2.5 greater than 75 μg/m3, the reductions of PM2.5 in Case 3 were 7.78, 9.51, 11.38, 13.42, 13.64, 14.15, 14.42, 16.95 and 22.08 μg/m3 in Shanghai, Jinan, Shijiazhuang, Beijing, Taiyuan, Xi''an, Tianjin, Zhengzhou and Wuhan, respectively. This study highlights that large emissions reduction in transportation and slight reduction in industrial would not help avoid severe air pollution in China, especially when meteorology is unfavorable. In order to investigate the effect of reduced anthropogenic activities on air pollution, three simulation scenarios were performed and compared (Table 1) the Case 1, Case 2 had a decrease of 40% and 20% in transportation and industry emission, respectively. abstract: Abstract Due to the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 in China, almost all avoidable activities in China are prohibited since Wuhan announced lockdown on January 23, 2020. With reduced activities, severe air pollution events still occurred in the North China Plain, causing discussions regarding why severe air pollution was not avoided. The Community Multi-scale Air Quality model was applied during January 01 to February 12, 2020 to study PM2.5 changes under emission reduction scenarios. The estimated emission reduction case (Case 3) better reproduced PM2.5. Compared with the case without emission change (Case 1), Case 3 predicted that PM2.5 concentrations decreased by up to 20% with absolute decreases of 5.35, 6.37, 9.23, 10.25, 10.30, 12.14, 12.75, 14.41, 18.00 and 30.79 μg/m3 in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Tianjin, Jinan, Taiyuan, Xi'an, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, respectively. In high-pollution days with PM2.5 greater than 75 μg/m3, the reductions of PM2.5 in Case 3 were 7.78, 9.51, 11.38, 13.42, 13.64, 14.15, 14.42, 16.95 and 22.08 μg/m3 in Shanghai, Jinan, Shijiazhuang, Beijing, Taiyuan, Xi'an, Tianjin, Zhengzhou and Wuhan, respectively. The reductions in emissions of PM2.5 precursors were ~2 times of that in concentrations, indicating that meteorology was unfavorable during simulation episode. A further analysis shows that benefits of emission reductions were overwhelmed by adverse meteorology and severe air pollution events were not avoided. This study highlights that large emissions reduction in transportation and slight reduction in industrial would not help avoid severe air pollution in China, especially when meteorology is unfavorable. More efforts should be made to completely avoid severe air pollution. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S092134492030135X doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104814 id: cord-293430-h4r0jpy5 author: Wang, Tsung-Hsi title: Unexplained Deaths and Critical Illnesses of Suspected Infectious Cause, Taiwan, 2000–2005 date: 2008-10-17 words: 1960.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293430-h4r0jpy5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293430-h4r0jpy5.txt summary: We report 5 years'' surveillance data from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control on unexplained deaths and critical illnesses suspected of being caused by infection. In 2000, the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control collaborated with academic institutions, medical examiners, local health authorities, and experts from different fi elds to establish a nationwide surveillance center for outbreak and unexplained death investigation due to unknown infectious causes (COUNEX) (Figure) . Local health authorities, hospitals, or clinics report suspected infection-related cases through the "notifiable infectious disease surveillance system," "syndromic surveillance system," and toll-free notification hotline Figure. *If unexplained infectious causes were suspected, COUNEX mobilized an investigation team including experts, fi eld epidemiology training program members, public health workers from the local branch of Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (TCDC), and public health authorities to proceed with further fi eld investigation. abstract: We report 5 years’ surveillance data from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control on unexplained deaths and critical illnesses suspected of being caused by infection. A total of 130 cases were reported; the incidence rate was 0.12 per 100,000 person-years; and infectious causes were identified for 81 cases (62%). url: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1410.061587 doi: 10.3201/eid1410.061587 id: cord-315744-nr0fu2qb author: Wang, Yu title: Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China date: 2020-05-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: Transmission of COVID-19 within families and close contacts accounts for the majority of epidemic growth. Community mask wearing, hand washing and social distancing are thought to be effective but there is little evidence to inform or support community members on COVID-19 risk reduction within families. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 335 people in 124 families and with at least one laboratory confirmed COVID-19 case was conducted from 28 February to 27 March 2020, in Beijing, China. The outcome of interest was secondary transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within the family. Characteristics and practices of primary cases, of well family contacts and household hygiene practices were analysed as predictors of secondary transmission. RESULTS: The secondary attack rate in families was 23.0% (77/335). Face mask use by the primary case and family contacts before the primary case developed symptoms was 79% effective in reducing transmission (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.79). Daily use of chlorine or ethanol based disinfectant in households was 77% effective (OR=0.23, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.84). Wearing a mask after illness onset of the primary case was not significantly protective. The risk of household transmission was 18 times higher with frequent daily close contact with the primary case (OR=18.26, 95% CI 3.93 to 84.79), and four times higher if the primary case had diarrhoea (OR=4.10, 95% CI 1.08 to 15.60). Household crowding was not significant. CONCLUSION: The study confirms the highest risk of transmission prior to symptom onset, and provides the first evidence of the effectiveness of mask use, disinfection and social distancing in preventing COVID-19. We also found evidence of faecal transmission. This can inform guidelines for community prevention in settings of intense COVID-19 epidemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002794 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002794 id: cord-333226-o23da4x2 author: Wang, Yuke title: Strongly Heterogeneous Transmission of COVID-19 in Mainland China: Local and Regional Variation date: 2020-06-19 words: 4251.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333226-o23da4x2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333226-o23da4x2.txt summary: We studied the variation in transmission of COVID-19, locally in Wuhan, as well as on a larger spatial scale, among different cities and even among provinces in mainland China. The sizes of outbreak in provinces of mainland China mainly depended on the numbers of cases imported from Wuhan as the local reproduction numbers were low. Second, to evaluate the role of "the Market" in Wuhan and estimate the numbers of cases caused by contact with this source (its reproduction number) in early transmission, data for the first confirmed 425 COVID-19 cases with date of symptom onset and exposure information to "the Market" was extracted from a recently published report (6) . (B) Distribution of the serial interval for onset of clinical symptoms, estimated from COVID-19 clusters with partially known links ( Figure 2 ). abstract: Background: The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in the city of Wuhan, China, with a period of rapid initial spread. Transmission on a regional and then national scale was promoted by intense travel during the holiday period of the Chinese New Year. We studied the variation in transmission of COVID-19, locally in Wuhan, as well as on a larger spatial scale, among different cities and even among provinces in mainland China. Methods: In addition to reported numbers of new cases, we have been able to assemble detailed contact data for some of the initial clusters of COVID-19. This enabled estimation of the serial interval for clinical cases, as well as reproduction numbers for small and large regions. Findings: We estimated the average serial interval was 4.8 days. For early transmission in Wuhan, any infectious case produced as many as four new cases, transmission outside Wuhan was less intense, with reproduction numbers below two. During the rapid growth phase of the outbreak the region of Wuhan city acted as a hot spot, generating new cases upon contact, while locally, in other provinces, transmission was low. Interpretation: COVID-19 is capable of spreading very rapidly. The sizes of outbreak in provinces of mainland China mainly depended on the numbers of cases imported from Wuhan as the local reproduction numbers were low. The COVID-19 epidemic should be controllable with appropriate interventions (suspension of public transportation, cancellation of mass gatherings, implementation of surveillance and testing, and promotion of personal hygiene and face mask use). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32637423/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00329 id: cord-343897-f4imrltt author: Weimer, Louis H. title: Neuromuscular disorders in pregnancy date: 2020-08-04 words: 10277.0 sentences: 651.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343897-f4imrltt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343897-f4imrltt.txt summary: Disorders include carpal tunnel syndrome and other focal neuropathies, Bell palsy, myasthenia gravis, and other neuromuscular junction disorders, acute and chronic inflammatory neuropathy, hereditary and acquired muscle diseases, spinal muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, channelopathies, autonomic neuropathy, and dysautonomia. In one patient-reported symptom-based study, a male fetus and prior back pain were positive risk factors but prior pregnancy was not. One study found further evidence that facial neuropathy is more severe in pregnancy-associated cases despite corticosteroid treatment (Phillips et al., 2017) . A large Italian series reviewed plasmapheresis complications of 936 procedures during 57 pregnancies; treatment indications were various and included some for myasthenia gravis (MG). Pregnancy-induced disease severity alterations and treatment adjustments are important clinical considerations; a multidisciplinary medical approach that includes an obstetrician and neurologist is best (Norwood et al., 2014 15% of mildly affected patients became relatively severe. abstract: Many neuromuscular disorders preexist or occur during pregnancy. In some cases, pregnancy unmasks a latent hereditary disorder. Most available information is based on case reports or series or retrospective clinical experience or patient surveys. Of special interest are pregnancy-induced changes in disease course or severity and likelihood for baseline recovery of function postpartum. Labor and delivery present special challenges in many conditions that affect skeletal but not smooth (uterine) muscle; so labor complications must be anticipated. Anesthesia for cesarean section surgery requires special precautions in many disorders. The types of conditions reviewed are broad and include examples of autoimmune, hereditary, and compressive/mechanical processes. Disorders include carpal tunnel syndrome and other focal neuropathies, Bell palsy, myasthenia gravis, and other neuromuscular junction disorders, acute and chronic inflammatory neuropathy, hereditary and acquired muscle diseases, spinal muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, channelopathies, autonomic neuropathy, and dysautonomia. Many commonly used therapies have fetal animal but no proven human toxicity concerns, complicating treatment and risk decisions. Weaning off effective therapeutic agents or preemptive aggressive treatment or surgery prior to planned pregnancy is an option in some conditions. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978044464240000012X doi: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64240-0.00012-x id: cord-290133-4ou7ubb4 author: Weiss, Martin M. title: Rethinking Smallpox date: 2004-12-01 words: 3976.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290133-4ou7ubb4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290133-4ou7ubb4.txt summary: The last recorded death due to smallpox, according to World Health Organization investigators, was likely associated with virus that had been transmitted by aerosol [16] . Such observations-along with the long incubation period of smallpox (mean, 12-14 days; range, 7-21 days)suggest that there would be adequate time to vaccinate the public and prevent a more widespread outbreak. Nonetheless, these masks, if distributed to the public, could prove to be critical for the control of a smallpox epidemic that was overwhelming our health care system, and they might also prove to be effective in limiting contagion of smaller viruses, such as influenza virus (either natural virus, as in 1918, or engineered virus [61] ). Because of the possibility of an attack involving bioengineered smallpox virus that is resistant to the current vaccine, methisazone should be reexamined, and research should be continued on other antiviral agents. abstract: The potential consequences of a competently executed smallpox attack have not been adequately considered by policy makers. The possibility of release of an aerosolized and/or bioengineered virus must be anticipated and planned for. The transmission and infectivity of variola virus are examined. Arguments for and against pre-event vaccination are offered. The likely morbidity and mortality that would ensue from implementation of a mass pre-event vaccination program, within reasonable boundaries, are known. The extent of contagion that could result from an aerosolized release of virus is unknown and may have been underestimated. Pre-event vaccination of first responders is urged, and voluntary vaccination programs should be offered to the public. Two defenses against a vaccine-resistant, engineered variola virus are proposed for consideration. Methisazone, an overlooked drug, is reported to be effective for prophylaxis only. The extent of reduction in the incidence of smallpox with use of this agent is uncertain. It is useless for treatment of clinical smallpox. N-100 respirators (face masks) worn by uninfected members of the public may prevent transmission of the virus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15578369/ doi: 10.1086/425745 id: cord-227268-8k9zaqsy author: Wick, W. David title: Stopping the SuperSpreader Epidemic: the lessons from SARS (with, perhaps, applications to MERS) date: 2013-08-29 words: 6789.0 sentences: 297.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-227268-8k9zaqsy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-227268-8k9zaqsy.txt summary: This gave rise to the theory that HIV is an SS epidemic; the candidates for the superpreaders are: (a) persons in the primary retroviral-infection period that lasts a few weeks, who have a thousand times the level of virus in blood and semen found in chronically-infected patients; and (b) cases like "patient zero," the Canadian airline attendant with an impressive Rolodex of sexual partners in many cities, described in ''Randy Shilts''s 1987 book, And the Band Played On. priate kind of model is called a "stochastic multi-type branching-process." The adjective "stochastic" refers to random events, as in a dice game; in computer terms, when simulating the model the program makes calls on the random number generator, abbreviated RNG (supplied with your operating system), when making updates. abstract: I discuss the so-called SuperSpreader epidemic, for which SARS is the canonical examples (and, perhaps, MERS will be another). I use simulation by an agent-based model as well as the mathematics of multi-type branching-processes to illustrate how the SS epidemic differs from the more familiar uniform epidemic (e.g., caused by influenza). The conclusions may surprise the reader: (a) The SS epidemic must be described by at least two numbers, such as the mean reproductive number (of"secondary"cases caused by a"primary case"), R0, and the variance of same, call it V0; (b) Even if R0>1, if V0>>R0 the probability that an infection-chain caused by one primary case goes extinct without intervention may be close to one (e.g., 0.97); (c) The SS epidemic may have a long"kindling period"in which sporadic cases appear (transmitted from some unknown host) and generate a cluster of cases, but the chains peter out, perhaps generating a false sense of security that a pandemic will not occur; (d) Interventions such as isolation (or contact-tracing and secondary case isolation) may prove efficacious even without driving R0 below one; (e) The efficacy of such interventions diminishes, but slowly, with increasing V0 at fixed R0. From these considerations, I argue that the SS epidemic has dynamics sufficiently distinct from the uniform case that efficacious public-health interventions can be designed even in the absence of a vaccine or other form of treatment. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1308.6534v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-297360-rw2vmlno author: Wiwanitkit, Viroj title: The usefulness of case reports in managing emerging infectious disease date: 2011-05-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Emerging infectious diseases are an important problem in medicine. Case reports usually document episodes in the early emerging phase or in a small outbreak. Although the case report is considered weak evidence in medical literature, it is usually the first report when there is a new emerging infectious disease. There is no doubt that case reports can provide useful information for further case series, reviews and studies. This editorial focuses on the usefulness of the case report on emerging infectious disease to the medical society. Publication in this area is highly welcomed by the journal and can serve as a future point of reference. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-1947-5-194 doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-5-194 id: cord-308680-moligska author: Wong, Justin title: Epidemiological Investigation of the First 135 COVID-19 Cases in Brunei: Implications for Surveillance, Control, and Travel Restrictions date: 2020-08-14 words: 4184.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308680-moligska.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308680-moligska.txt summary: We report findings from the epidemiological investigation of the initial 135 COVID-19 cases in Brunei and describe the impact of control measures and travel restrictions. Regular and ongoing testing of high-risk groups to supplement the existing surveillance program and a phased easing of physical distancing measures has helped maintain suppression of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brunei, as evidenced by the identification of only six additional cases from April 5 to August 5, 2020. Here, we report findings from the first 135 COVID-19 cases, detected within the first 5 weeks of the local epidemic, along with their epidemiological, clinical, and transmission characteristics. In Hong Kong, case isolation and contact tracing were combined with other physical distancing measures (but no lockdown), which resulted in an estimated effective reproduction number near 1 for 8 weeks. abstract: Studies on the early introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in a naive population have important epidemic control implications. We report findings from the epidemiological investigation of the initial 135 COVID-19 cases in Brunei and describe the impact of control measures and travel restrictions. Epidemiological and clinical information was obtained for all confirmed COVID-19 cases, whose symptom onset was from March 9 to April 5, 2020. The basic reproduction number (R0), incubation period, and serial interval (SI) were calculated. Time-varying R was estimated to assess the effectiveness of control measures. Of the 135 cases detected, 53 (39.3%) were imported. The median age was 36 (range = 0.5–72) years. Forty-one (30.4%) and 13 (9.6%) were presymptomatic and asymptomatic cases, respectively. The median incubation period was 5 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 5, range = 1–11), and the mean SI was 5.4 days (SD = 4.5; 95% CI: 4.3, 6.5). The reproduction number was between 3.9 and 6.0, and the doubling time was 1.3 days. The time-varying reproduction number (Rt) was below one (Rt = 0.91; 95% credible interval: 0.62, 1.32) by the 13th day of the epidemic. Epidemic control was achieved through a combination of public health measures, with emphasis on a test–isolate–trace approach supplemented by travel restrictions and moderate physical distancing measures but no actual lockdown. Regular and ongoing testing of high-risk groups to supplement the existing surveillance program and a phased easing of physical distancing measures has helped maintain suppression of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brunei, as evidenced by the identification of only six additional cases from April 5 to August 5, 2020. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0771 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0771 id: cord-342012-1w3x0g42 author: Wu, Joseph T. title: Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-19 words: 5328.0 sentences: 298.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342012-1w3x0g42.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342012-1w3x0g42.txt summary: For a completely novel pathogen, especially one with a high (say, >2) basic reproductive number (the expected number of secondary cases generated by a primary case in a completely susceptible population) relative to other recently emergent and seasonal directly transmissible respiratory pathogens 4 , assuming homogeneous mixing and mass action dynamics, the majority of the population will be infected eventually unless drastic public health interventions are applied over prolonged periods and/or vaccines become available sufficiently quickly. We therefore extended our previously published transmission dynamics model 4 , updated with real-time input data and enriched with additional new data sources, to infer a preliminary set of clinical severity estimates that could guide clinical and public health decision-making as the epidemic continues to spread globally. Given that we have parameterized the model using death rates inferred from projected case numbers (from traveler data) and observed death numbers in Wuhan, the precise fatality risk estimates may not be generalizable to those outside the original epicenter, especially during subsequent phases of the epidemic. abstract: As of 29 February 2020 there were 79,394 confirmed cases and 2,838 deaths from COVID-19 in mainland China. Of these, 48,557 cases and 2,169 deaths occurred in the epicenter, Wuhan. A key public health priority during the emergence of a novel pathogen is estimating clinical severity, which requires properly adjusting for the case ascertainment rate and the delay between symptoms onset and death. Using public and published information, we estimate that the overall symptomatic case fatality risk (the probability of dying after developing symptoms) of COVID-19 in Wuhan was 1.4% (0.9–2.1%), which is substantially lower than both the corresponding crude or naïve confirmed case fatality risk (2,169/48,557 = 4.5%) and the approximator(1) of deaths/deaths + recoveries (2,169/2,169 + 17,572 = 11%) as of 29 February 2020. Compared to those aged 30–59 years, those aged below 30 and above 59 years were 0.6 (0.3–1.1) and 5.1 (4.2–6.1) times more likely to die after developing symptoms. The risk of symptomatic infection increased with age (for example, at ~4% per year among adults aged 30–60 years). url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0822-7 doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0822-7 id: cord-318340-hptjqmrl author: Xiang, Nijuan title: Lessons from an active surveillance pilot to assess the pneumonia of unknown etiology surveillance system in China, 2016: the need to increase clinician participation in the detection and reporting of emerging respiratory infectious diseases date: 2019-09-03 words: 4325.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318340-hptjqmrl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318340-hptjqmrl.txt summary: We reviewed medical records for documented exposure history associated with respiratory infectious diseases, collected throat samples that were tested for seasonal and avian influenza, and interviewed clinicians regarding reasons for reporting or not reporting PUE cases. If a case is reported to the PUE system, the local center for disease control and prevention (CDC) will conduct a field investigation, collect respiratory specimens and send them to a national influenza surveillance network laboratory for testing of avian influenza viruses and, if associated with clusters of respiratory disease or relevant travel history, testing of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). For patients with illnesses meeting the PUE case definition, the surveillance officer used a standard questionnaire to collect information from the hospital information system related to demographics and, if available, epidemiological risk factors, including exposures to poultry, patients with similar symptoms, and travel history. abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to assess reporting in China’s Pneumonia of Unknown Etiology (PUE) passive surveillance system for emerging respiratory infections and to identify ways to improve the PUE surveillance system’s detection of respiratory infections of public health significance. METHODS: From February 29–May 29, 2016, we actively identified and enrolled patients in two hospitals with acute respiratory infections (ARI) that met all PUE case criteria. We reviewed medical records for documented exposure history associated with respiratory infectious diseases, collected throat samples that were tested for seasonal and avian influenza, and interviewed clinicians regarding reasons for reporting or not reporting PUE cases. We described and analyzed the proportion of PUE cases reported and clinician awareness of and practices related to the PUE system. RESULTS: Of 2619 ARI admissions in two hospitals, 335(13%) met the PUE case definition; none were reported. Of 311 specimens tested, 18(6%) were seasonal influenza virus-positive; none were avian influenza-positive. < 10% PUE case medical records documented whether or not there were exposures to animals or others with respiratory illness. Most commonly cited reasons for not reporting cases were no awareness of the PUE system (76%) and not understanding the case definition (53%). CONCLUSIONS: Most clinicians have limited awareness of and are not reporting to the PUE system. Exposures related to respiratory infections are rarely documented in medical records. Increasing clinicians’ awareness of the PUE system and including relevant exposure items in standard medical records may increase reporting. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4345-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4345-0 doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-4345-0 id: cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 author: Xu, Liyan title: Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Antiepidemic Policies and Global Situation Assessment of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-16 words: 11585.0 sentences: 569.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt summary: With a two-layer contact-dispersion model and data in China, we analyze the cost-effectiveness of three types of antiepidemic measures for COVID-19: regular epidemiological control, local social interaction control, and inter-city travel restriction. We find that: 1) intercity travel restriction has minimal or even negative effect compared to the other two at the national level; 2) the time of reaching turning point is independent of the current number of cases, and only related to the enforcement stringency of epidemiological control and social interaction control measures; 3) strong enforcement at the early stage is the only opportunity to maximize both antiepidemic effectiveness and cost-effectiveness; 4) mediocre stringency of social interaction measures is the worst choice. Overall, compared with in-city epidemiological and social interaction control measures, the contribution of inter-city travel restrictions to the reduction of the number of infected cases and the spatial spread of disease is much smaller-lower by two orders of magnitudes. abstract: With a two-layer contact-dispersion model and data in China, we analyze the cost-effectiveness of three types of antiepidemic measures for COVID-19: regular epidemiological control, local social interaction control, and inter-city travel restriction. We find that: 1) intercity travel restriction has minimal or even negative effect compared to the other two at the national level; 2) the time of reaching turning point is independent of the current number of cases, and only related to the enforcement stringency of epidemiological control and social interaction control measures; 3) strong enforcement at the early stage is the only opportunity to maximize both antiepidemic effectiveness and cost-effectiveness; 4) mediocre stringency of social interaction measures is the worst choice. Subsequently, we cluster countries/regions into four groups based on their control measures and provide situation assessment and policy suggestions for each group. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07765v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-206391-1dj285h8 author: Yan, Donghui title: Estimating the Number of Infected Cases in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-24 words: 3605.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-206391-1dj285h8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-206391-1dj285h8.txt summary: Thus the number of newly reported cases at any particular day within this time window might be mixed, in the sense that it would include both cases that are infected both before (but were in dormant period) and after the report date. That is, those cases with a dormant period extending more than T days post-report will be truncated and not included inD type1 , with the total count of such truncated cases being ''cancelled out'' by the newly infected cases within the post-report time window of a properly chosen length T . Due to the lack of reported case data for individual states by age groups, we use the overall estimate, which is 87.94% according to discussions in Section 2.2, for the ratio of type II cases for all the states. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major disturbance to human life. An important reason behind the widespread social anxiety is the huge uncertainty about the pandemic. One major uncertainty is how many or what percentage of people have been infected? There are published and frequently updated data on various statistics of the pandemic, at local, country or global level. However, due to various reasons, many cases were not included in those reported numbers. We propose a structured approach for the estimation of the number of unreported cases, where we distinguish cases that arrive late in the reported numbers and those who had mild or no symptoms and thus were not captured by any medical system at all. We use post-report data for the estimation of the former and population matching to the latter. We estimate that the reported number of infected cases in the US should be corrected by multiplying a factor of 220.54% as of Apr 20, 2020. The infection ratio out of the US population is estimated to be 0.53%, implying a case mortality rate at 2.85% which is close to the 3.4% suggested by the WHO. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.12993v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-273861-sg7esn4p author: Yi, Lina title: A cluster of adenovirus type B55 infection in a neurosurgical inpatient department of a general hospital in Guangdong, China date: 2017-06-26 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Human adenovirus type 55 is a re‐emerging human respiratory pathogen that is associated with several respiratory infections outbreaks in military and school populations. In this study, we describe the first HAdV55‐associated hospital outbreak documented in Guangdong, China. METHODS: Active surveillance was conducted in the involved neurosurgical inpatient department. All staff and patients in the involved neurosurgical department were surveyed for any symptoms of fever (≥38°C) and enlarged tonsils during the outbreak period. Throat swabs and demographic information were collected for all cases. For each specimen, assays for common respiratory viruses were performed using one‐step reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. HAdV‐positive samples were inoculated onto Hep‐2 cells for isolation. Hexon genes, fiber genes, penton genes, and whole genomes were sequenced. A phylogenetic tree was constructed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Forty‐three cases, including 24 laboratory‐confirmed cases and 19 possible cases, were identified. Nurses had the highest attack rate of infection, with a rate of 36.4%. The attack rate for doctors and inpatients was 20.0% and 16.7%, respectively. HAdV55 was the sole pathogen identified during this outbreak. The hexon, fiber, and penton genes from seven isolated HAdV55 stains were sequenced. All these genes showed 100% homology and fell into the HAdV55 [P14H11F14] cluster, indicating that HAdV55 was the single viral strain for the outbreak. While not conclusive, the epidemic investigation revealed that the outbreak was introduced by nurses from sources outside the hospital. It was likely that a transmission from staff to inpatients had occurred. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12457 doi: 10.1111/irv.12457 id: cord-011245-nkr0998x author: Yokomichi, Hiroshi title: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura risk by live, inactivated and simultaneous vaccinations among Japanese adults, children and infants: a matched case–control study date: 2020-04-06 words: 4595.0 sentences: 243.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011245-nkr0998x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011245-nkr0998x.txt summary: title: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura risk by live, inactivated and simultaneous vaccinations among Japanese adults, children and infants: a matched case–control study This case–control study investigated immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) risk following live, inactivated, and simultaneous vaccination, with a focus on infants aged < 2 years. We matched case patients with ITP to one or two control patients with other diseases by institution, hospital visit timing, sex, and age. These limited data suggest no significant ITP risk following vaccinations or simultaneous vaccination in any age group, including infants. In this case-control study, we aimed to determine the ITP risk after live, inactivated and simultaneous vaccination in Japan. To measure this exposure, participating physicians who treated case (ITP) and control (other diseases) patients completed questionnaires covering retrospective information on vaccination history and other characteristics. Participating physicians matched controls with case patients by the institution, timing of hospital visit (within a 1-month difference), sex and age. abstract: This case–control study investigated immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) risk following live, inactivated, and simultaneous vaccination, with a focus on infants aged < 2 years. We matched case patients with ITP to one or two control patients with other diseases by institution, hospital visit timing, sex, and age. We calculated McNemar’s pairwise odds ratios (ORs [95% confidence interval]) with 114 case–control pairs. The case group had 27 (44%) males and 22 (35%) infants, and the control group included 49 (43%) males and 42 (37%) infants. For all age groups, the McNemar’s OR for ITP occurrence was 1.80 (0.54–6.84, p = 0.64) for all vaccines. Among infants, these were 1.50 (0.17–18.0, p = 0.50) for all vaccines, 2.00 (0.29–22.1, p = 0.67) for live vaccines, and 1.00 (0.01–78.5, p = 0.50) for inactivated vaccines. Sex-adjusted common ORs for simultaneous vaccination were 1.52 (0.45–5.21, p = 0.71) for all vaccines, 1.83 (0.44–7.59, p = 0.40) for inactivated vaccines only, and 1.36 (0.29–6.30, p = 0.69) for mixed live and inactivated vaccines. In infants, these were 1.95 (0.44–8.72, p = 0.38), 1.41 (0.29–6.94, p = 0.67) and 2.85 (0.43–18.9, p = 0.28), respectively. These limited data suggest no significant ITP risk following vaccinations or simultaneous vaccination in any age group, including infants. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12185-020-02866-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223876/ doi: 10.1007/s12185-020-02866-1 id: cord-341187-jqesw4e8 author: Yu, Xinhua title: Modeling Return of the Epidemic: Impact of Population Structure, Asymptomatic Infection, Case Importation and Personal Contacts date: 2020-08-27 words: 3797.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341187-jqesw4e8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341187-jqesw4e8.txt summary: title: Modeling Return of the Epidemic: Impact of Population Structure, Asymptomatic Infection, Case Importation and Personal Contacts J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 7 We investigate the impact of population structure, case importation, asymptomatic cases, and the number of contacts on a possible second wave of epidemic through mathematical modelling. Methods: we built a modified Susceptible-exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model with parameters mirroring those of the COVID-19 pandemic and reported simulated characteristics of epidemics for incidence, hospitalizations and deaths under different scenarios. Methods: we built a modified Susceptible-exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model with parameters mirroring those of the COVID-19 pandemic and reported simulated characteristics of epidemics for incidence, hospitalizations and deaths under different scenarios. Epidemic model simulation has been used extensively to estimate essential epidemic parameters, In this study, we will build a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model [27] to simulate the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate the impact of population structure, asymptomatic cases, case importation, and the number of contacts on the epidemic progression. abstract: BACKGROUND: Proactive interventions have halted the pandemic of coronavirus infected disease in some regions. However, without reaching herd immunity, the return of epidemic is possible. We investigate the impact of population structure, case importation, asymptomatic cases, and the number of contacts on a possible second wave of epidemic through mathematical modelling. METHODS: we built a modified Susceptible-exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model with parameters mirroring those of the COVID-19 pandemic and reported simulated characteristics of epidemics for incidence, hospitalizations and deaths under different scenarios. RESULTS: A larger percent of elderly people leads to higher number of hospitalizations, while a large percent of prior infection will effectively curb the epidemic. The number of imported cases and the speed of importation have small impact on the epidemic progression. However, a higher percent of asymptomatic cases slows the epidemic down and reduces the number of hospitalizations and deaths at the epidemic peak. Finally, reducing the number of contacts among young people alone has moderate effects on themselves, but little effects on the elderly population. However, reducing the number of contacts among elderly people alone can mitigate the epidemic significantly in both age groups, even though young people remain active within themselves. CONCLUSION: Reducing the number of contacts among high risk populations alone can mitigate the burden of epidemic in the whole society. Interventions targeting high risk groups may be more effective in containing or mitigating the epidemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101858 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101858 id: cord-327005-7zgolyqf author: Zhang, Lan title: Clinical Features of 33 Cases in Children Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Anhui Province, China–A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-06-16 words: 3747.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327005-7zgolyqf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327005-7zgolyqf.txt summary: Here, we report 33 patients under the age of 19 years with confirmed COVID-19 infection from Anhui province, China, and describe the clinical features, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of a chest CT, treatment, and clinical outcome. Information recorded included demographic data, medical history, familial clustering, details of the confirmed patients, if any, in the family, whether they were residents of Wuhan, or traveled to Wuhan, whether they came in contact with confirmed patients, signs, and symptoms, including pharyngodynia, fever, cough, vomiting and diarrhea, fatigue, tightness in the chest, total WBC and lymphocyte percentages, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, liver function, CKMB, a marker of myocardial injury, chest CT, administration of INF a, lopinavir and ritonavir, ribavirin, or arbidol, and titers of Mp-IgM, anti-parainfluenza virus IgM, anti-influenza virus IgM, and anti-adenovirus IgM. A retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the epidemiological data, clinical symptoms, and signs, changes in WBC and total lymphocyte counts, chest CT, and the different treatments in children infected with SARS-COV-2. abstract: Background: As of 23rd February 2020, China had 77,048 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, and only 2. 1% of patients were under the age of 19 years. Morbidity among children was much lower, with milder or absent signs and symptoms; chest CT scans showed milder symptoms, if at all, compared to adults. Objective: Report the epidemiological, clinical features, laboratory, radiological characteristics, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Compare additional signs and symptoms, investigate familial clustering, compare laboratory results, and find out relevance between age and typical chest CT scans in patients. Methods: We studied 33 young patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Anhui Province of China by 16th February 2020. Their signs, symptoms, and familial clustering were analyzed. We compared the laboratory test results, age, and gender among three parts based on their chest CT scans. Results: Familial clustering was seen in 30 (30/33; 90.91%) patients; three families had seven confirmed members infected with the disease. Eight (8/33; 24.24%) patients had no symptoms, 12 (12/33; 36.36%) patients had only fever, nine (9/33; 27.27%) patients had fever and additional symptoms, and 12 (12/33; 36.36%) patients had no fever. Dry cough was the most common additional symptom. In 25 (25/33; 75.76%) patients, the percent of lymphocytes decreased; 26 (26/33; 78.79%) patients were older than 7 years. More male than female patients and patients older than 8 years showed typical abnormalities in the chest CT scans (P = 0.038). Only two 18 years old patients had hepatic injury. Conclusion: Children's infection is mild and familial clustering was the most common channel. The older patients had more typical ground glass opacity (GGO) or consolidation in chest CT scans. Cases without fever strongly suggested that non-symptomatic children should not be assumed to be free of infection when their family members have confirmed infection. Most children showed clinical features distinguishable from adults and with increased susceptibility within family members. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32612971/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00255 id: cord-324518-a346cjx4 author: Zhang, Zhibin title: The outbreak pattern of the SARS cases in Asia date: 2004 words: 1935.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324518-a346cjx4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324518-a346cjx4.txt summary: The increase rate of SARS cases is expected to decrease with the cumulative SARS cases, as described by the traditional logistical model, which is widely used in population dynamic studies. The maximum instantaneous rate of increase, basic reproductive number, and maximum cumulative SARS cases were also calculated by using the logistic model. The outbreak pattern of cumulative SARS cases is likely of a logistic type because at the initial stage, it grows exponentially, later due to the increasing control effort by people and/or due to depletion of susceptible individuals, the infection will be slowed down. significant and negative linear "density dependency" of the instantaneous rate of increase on the cumulative cases of SARS indicates that the outbreak pattern of SARS can be well described by the logistic model( Fig. 1(a) and (b) ). abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused tremendous damage to many Asia countries, especially China. The transmission process and outbreak pattern of SARS is still not well understood. This study aims to find a simple model to describe the outbreak pattern of SARS cases by using SARS case data commonly released by governments. The outbreak pattern of cumulative SARS cases is expected to be a logistic type because the infection will be slowed down due to the increasing control effort by people and/or due to depletion of susceptible individuals. The increase rate of SARS cases is expected to decrease with the cumulative SARS cases, as described by the traditional logistical model, which is widely used in population dynamic studies. The instantaneous rate of increases were significantly and negatively correlated with the cumulative SARS cases in mainland of China (including Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin, Shanxi, the Autonomous Region of Inner Mongolia) and Singapore. The basic reproduction numberR (0) in Asia ranged from 2.0 to 5.6 (except for Taiwan, China). TheR (0) of Hebei and Tianjin were much higher than that of Singapore, Hongkong, Beijing, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, indicating SARS virus might have originated differently or new mutations occurred during transmission. We demonstrated that the outbreaks of SARS in many regions of Asia were well described by the logistic model, and the control measures implemented by governments are effective. The maximum instantaneous rate of increase, basic reproductive number, and maximum cumulative SARS cases were also calculated by using the logistic model. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03183407 doi: 10.1007/bf03183407 id: cord-295513-q5f8d0ig author: Zhao, Pengcheng title: A Comparison of Infection Venues of COVID-19 Case Clusters in Northeast China date: 2020-06-03 words: 6209.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.txt summary: In this study, we compared various types of infection locations in which COVID-19 cases clustered, based on the data from three adjacent provinces in Northeast China. Thus, we propose choosing a region with a sufficient number of COVID-19 cases and their detailed case reports to illustrate the role of different types of location in person-to-person transmission of this disease. Based on the collected and deduced information, we compared the epidemic situations between cities and/or provinces and enumerated the cases for the various location clusters. Figure 1 specifies all locations outside the home where case clustering occurred, and all train or flight numbers are marked along with the cases'' travel date. Figure 3b , the number of contacts between cases of different distances (i.e., inter-province, inter-city and intra-city) varied by location category. This study analysed the epidemic situations in various areas in the three provinces of Northeast China and the effects of various types of infection location on identified COVID-19 clusters. abstract: The world has been suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic since late 2019. In this study, we compared various types of infection locations in which COVID-19 cases clustered, based on the data from three adjacent provinces in Northeast China. The collected data include all officially reported cases in this area until 8 March 2020. We explored the associations between the cases and the frequency of infection locations. The COVID-19 epidemic situation was worse in Heilongjiang Province than in Liaoning and Jilin Provinces. Most clustered cases occurred in individual families and/or between relatives. The transmission in public venues served as a hub for transmitting the disease to other families and results in new clusters. The public transport spread the infection over long distances by transporting infected individuals, and most infections did not seem to occur within vehicles. This field study shows the effect of indoor environments on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and our data may be useful in developing guidance for future disease prevention and control. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32503192/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113955 id: cord-316959-iua8c4hy author: Zia, Kashif title: COVID-19 Outbreak in Oman: Model-Driven Impact Analysis and Challenges date: 2020-04-06 words: 3446.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316959-iua8c4hy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316959-iua8c4hy.txt summary: Motivated by the rapid spread of COVID-19 all across the globe, we have performed simulations of a system dynamic epidemic spread model in different possible situations. The simulation, not only captures the model dynamic of the spread of the virus, but also, takes care of population and mobility data. For epidemics like corona-virus, SIR model was extended to SEIR [6] , introducing a new state exposed between susceptible and infectious. Hence, the simulation generated in data driven, in which a user is responsible of describing system dynamics model of the epidemic, whereas, all the relevant population and mobility global data in integrated at the server side. With a system dynamic model of epidemic spread, incorporated with population and mobility data, we performed simulation of many different cases of COVID-19 impact, representing different real situations. With a more representative population and mobility data about different regions of the country, we may see more cases and a longer impact. abstract: Motivated by the rapid spread of COVID-19 all across the globe, we have performed simulations of a system dynamic epidemic spread model in different possible situations. The simulation, not only captures the model dynamic of the spread of the virus, but also, takes care of population and mobility data. The model is calibrated based on epidemic data and events specifically of Sultanate of Oman, which can easily be generalized. The simulation results are quite disturbing, indicating that, during a process of stringent social distancing and testing strategies, a small perturbation can lead to quite undesirable outcomes. The simulation results, although consistent in expected outcomes across changing parameters' values, also indicate a substantial mismatch with real numbers. An analysis of what can be the reason of this mismatch is also performed. Within these contradictions, for Oman, regarding the eradication of epidemic, the future is not extremely alarming. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20050666 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20050666 id: cord-312911-nqq87d0m author: Zou, D. title: Epidemic Model Guided Machine Learning for COVID-19 Forecasts in the United States date: 2020-05-25 words: 5032.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312911-nqq87d0m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312911-nqq87d0m.txt summary: We propose a new epidemic model (SuEIR) for forecasting the spread of COVID-19, including numbers of confirmed and fatality cases at national and state levels in the United States. Specifically, the SuEIR model is a variant of the SEIR model by taking into account the untested/unreported cases of COVID-19, and trained by machine learning algorithms based on the reported historical data. Besides providing basic projections for confirmed and fatality cases, the proposed SuEIR model is also able to predict the peak date of active cases, and estimate the basic reproduction number (R0). Based on the proposed model, we are able to make accurate predictions on the numbers of confirmed cases and fatality cases for nation, states and and counties. Moreover, our model can also predict the peak dates of active cases and estimate the basic reproduction number (R 0 ) of different states in the US. abstract: We propose a new epidemic model (SuEIR) for forecasting the spread of COVID-19, including numbers of confirmed and fatality cases at national and state levels in the United States. Specifically, the SuEIR model is a variant of the SEIR model by taking into account the untested/unreported cases of COVID-19, and trained by machine learning algorithms based on the reported historical data. Besides providing basic projections for confirmed and fatality cases, the proposed SuEIR model is also able to predict the peak date of active cases, and estimate the basic reproduction number (R0). In particular, the forecasts based on our model suggest that the peak date of the US, New York state, and California state are 06/01/2020, 05/10/2020, and 07/01/2020 respectively. In addition, the estimated R0 of the US, New York state, and California state are 2.5, 3.6 and 2.2 respectively. The prediction results for all states in the US can be found on our project website: https://covid19.uclaml.org, which are updated on a weekly basis, and have been adopted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for COVID-19 death forecasts (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/forecasting-us.html). url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20111989 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20111989 id: cord-034961-4lpjo9a5 author: dos Santos, Bruno Pereira title: Is COVID-19 the current world-wide pandemic having effects on the profile of psychoactive substance poisonings? date: 2020-11-08 words: 1456.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034961-4lpjo9a5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034961-4lpjo9a5.txt summary: For this purpose, data was gathered from cases of intoxication by the five main classes of psychoactive substances: anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and recreational drugs, arriving at the Toxicological Information Center of Rio Grande do Sul, from March to July 2019 and from March to July 2020 ( Table 1 ). While quarantine can be effective in reducing the number of suicide attempts, the number of individual accidents has increased expressively (Table 1) , mainly associated with recreational drugs, anticonvulsants, and benzodiazepines, especially accidents with children up to 5 years old. For instance, children aged 0-5 years showed a serious increase in cases of intoxication by recreational drugs, of + 275%, followed by more than + 30% in anticonvulsants and benzodiazepines. Furthermore, individuals over 19 years old, showed a substantial increase in the consumption of recreational drugs, with + 48.0% and only + 3.0% in antipsychotics, as opposed to other classes which decreased, justifiable by a reduction in suicide attempts. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7648848/ doi: 10.1007/s11419-020-00558-3 id: cord-000718-7whai7nr author: nan title: ESP Abstracts 2012 date: 2012-08-22 words: 166497.0 sentences: 12847.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000718-7whai7nr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000718-7whai7nr.txt summary: Method: We analyzed consecutive gastric cancer cases in terms of AMACR immunohistochemical expression and clinical/pathological characteristics and followed patients'' postoperative history. Results: Histological, immunohistochemical and molecular examination revealed non-neoplastic lymphadenopathy with atypical paracortical T-cell hyperplasia with immunoblastic reaction in the former and burnt-out histiocytic pattern in the latter, both falling into a broad spectrum of reactive lymph node changes associated with Still''s disease. Method: We have thus collected, from our two Institutions a large number (45 cases) of cancers showing the histological definition of adenosquamous carcinomas according to the WHO criteria and performed gene analysis for k-RAS (codons 12, 13) and EGFR (codons 18, 19 and 21) mutations. Objective: We previously identified amplified fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGFR1) as a therapeutic target for small molecule inhibitor (SMI) therapy in squamous cell lung cancer (L-SCC), resulting in currently running clinical trials treating patients with stage III disease. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3400751/ doi: 10.1007/s00428-012-1284-1 id: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p author: nan title: 2019 CIS Annual Meeting: Immune Deficiency & Dysregulation North American Conference date: 2019-02-26 words: 86427.0 sentences: 5050.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004675-n8mlxe7p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004675-n8mlxe7p.txt summary: However, the mean infusion rate per site was similar between patients aged <18 years ( XMEN disease (X-linked Immunodeficency with Magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection and Neoplasia) is a primary immune deficiency caused by mutations in MAGT1 and characterized by chronic infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), EBV-driven lymphoma, CD4 T-cell lymphopenia, and dysgammaglobulinemia. We present the case of a 1-year old Hispanic infant with a pathogenic variant in MAGT1 gene that clinically manifested with early Pneumocystis jirovecii and cytomegalovirus (CMV) interstitial pneumonia, and EBV chronic infection with good response to intravenous immunoglobulins supplementation without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or gene therapy. Chief, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, IDGS, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA Hypomorphic Recombination Activating Gene 1 (RAG1) mutations result in residual T-and B-cell development in both humans and mice and have been found in patients presenting with delayed-onset combined immune deficiency with granulomas and/or autoimmunity (CID-G/AI). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7086569/ doi: 10.1007/s10875-019-00597-5 id: cord-005105-twsy61oq author: nan title: SIU 2015 Abstracts date: 2015-09-21 words: 124096.0 sentences: 7584.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005105-twsy61oq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005105-twsy61oq.txt summary: Th e present study is based on a retrospective analysis of a database of over 600 patients (age range 17-57 years) who met the consensus criteria for bacterial prostatitis, 75% of whom had dysuria, 35% perineal discomfort, 60% had obstructive luts, 37% infertility of unknown etiology, 10% erectile dysfunction and 25% recurrent infection of the partner. Further research is needed to determine to assess whether localization of small volume disease on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT can improve diagnostic algorithms and outcomes in patients with recurrent PCa. Introduction and Objective: To assess long-term results of salvage pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in prostate cancer (PC) patients (pts) with biochemical recurrence aft er primary local treatment and confi rmed solitary lymph node (LN) metastases. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088373/ doi: 10.1007/s00345-015-1684-3 id: cord-005147-mvoq9vln author: nan title: Autorenregister date: 2017-02-23 words: 86573.0 sentences: 4356.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005147-mvoq9vln.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005147-mvoq9vln.txt summary: Using whole-exome sequencing and trio-based de novo analysis, we identified a novel heterozygous de novo frameshift variant in the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) gene causing instability of the mRNA in a patient presenting with bilateral CAKUT and requiring kidney transplantation at one year of age. Loss of cdkl5 associated with deficient mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in mice and human cells We and other groups have shown that mutations in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with clinical features including intellectual disability, early-onset intractable seizures and autism, that are closely related to those present in Rett syndrome (RTT) patients. Functional characterization of novel GNB1 mutations as a rare cause of global developmental delay Over the past years, prioritization strategies that combined the molecular predictors of sequence variants from exomes and genomes of patients with rare Mendelian disorders with computer-readable phenotype information became a highly effective method for detecting disease-causing mutations. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088617/ doi: 10.1007/s11825-017-0126-6 id: cord-005646-xhx9pzhj author: nan title: 2nd World Congress on Pediatric Intensive Care 1996 Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 23–26 June 1996 Abstracts of Oral Presentations, Posters and Nursing Programme date: 1996 words: 72031.0 sentences: 4734.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt summary: Aims and methods The aim of both a prospective and retrospective survey conducted in German pediatric intensive care units in 1993 was to accumulate data on the epidemiology, risk factors, natural history and treatment strategies in a large group of pediatric ARDS patients who were treated in the tt~ee year period from 1991 to 1993.All patients had acute bilateral alveolar infiltration of noncardiogenic origin and a pO2~iO2 ratio < 150mmHg. The influence of sex, underlying disease and single organ failure was analyzed using the Fischer''s exact test, the influence of additional organ failure on mortality was tested with the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszet statistics. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095092/ doi: 10.1007/bf02316512 id: cord-005816-i54q5gsu author: nan title: 10(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery: May 13–17, 2009 Antalya, Turkey date: 2009-08-06 words: 83124.0 sentences: 5617.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt summary: Several factors such as the initial lack of symptoms, a low diagnostic sensitivity of the CT (34% false negatives), and the nonoperative management of solid organ injuries, have contributed to a delayed diagnosis in one of every five patients in our series, but this has not led to a significant increase in septic complications in this group. Method: The demographic features, the treatments, the intensity of the illness and mortality rate of the 155 patients in Afyon Kocatepe University General Surgery clinic between the years 2006 Background: Enterocutaneous fistula continues to be a serious surgical problem. Introduction: In our previous study, we examined the treatment results of burn patients older than 45 years, and found a significant increase in mortality with increasing age groups. Methods: Data on emergency surgical cases and admissions to the surgical service over a 3-month period were collected and analyzed; this included patient demographics, referral sources, diagnosis, operation, and length of stay (LOS Conclusion: Emergency workload represents a significant part of the work for the general surgeons. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095784/ doi: 10.1007/s00068-009-8001-z id: cord-005881-oswgjaxz author: nan title: Abstracts: 11(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery May 15–18, 2010 Brussels, Belgium date: 2010 words: 71955.0 sentences: 4561.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt summary: Prospective case series with historical control group.(Level III) Results: Preliminary data indicate: *a shorter time on ventilator than anticipated (based on comparisson to historical data) * a shorter time on ICU * less pneumoniae * no intra-operative complications * good healing results of the rib fractures * no implant failures * acceptable pain scores * good overal satisfaction * acceptable cosmetic results Conclusion: Internal fixation of rib fractures (flair chest or multiple sequential fractures with pulmonary function compromise) results in a earlier recuperation of pulmonary function with shortened ICU stay. (Regional Association Sanitary Emergencies) Material and Methods: The ARES, whose members are about 600, all over the nation, is configured as an extraordinary health resource, activated by the National Civil Defence operations centre, in according with the Regional centre of Marche, in disater situations Results: The main objectives of ARES are training and organization of medical staff and structures and its growth crosses several missions including: AE Earthquake in Molise, 2002 Introduction: Cephalomedullary nails rely on a large lag screw that provides fixation into the femoral head. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095891/ doi: 10.1007/s00068-010-8888-z id: cord-006849-vgjz74ts author: nan title: 27th International Congress of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Sevilla, Spain, 12–15 June 2019 date: 2019-09-13 words: 222162.0 sentences: 14023.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt summary: Methods: We are performing this procedures within a prospective randomized trial that is design to compare the long term results of LRYGB-B versus the standard laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.The video shows our technique in a case of a 46 years old female with a BMI of 46 Kg/m2. Material and methods: We present a video of the surgical intervention of a 32-year-old patient, with functional dyspepsia, with a casual diagnosis of a pseudocystic mass of the right colon after performing a CT scan: giant diverticulum of the hepatic colon angle with fecaloid content inside it under tension The patient goes to the emergency room for acute abdominal pain, pending colonoscopy, antibiotic treatment is established, and a laparoscopic approach is decided upon after the patient''s evolution. Method: We present the case of a 65-year-old patient with surgical antecedent of laparoscopic low anterior resection due to rectal cancer, presenting in postoperative period an anastomosis leakage with severe peritonitis was identified and a laparotomy with end colostomy was performed. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103177/ doi: 10.1007/s00464-019-07109-x id: cord-006854-o2e5na78 author: nan title: Scientific Session of the 16th World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery, Jointly Hosted by Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) & Canadian Association of General Surgeons (CAGS), Seattle, Washington, USA, 11–14 April 2018: Poster Abstracts date: 2018-04-20 words: 166047.0 sentences: 10353.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006854-o2e5na78.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006854-o2e5na78.txt summary: Totally Laparoscopic ALPPS Combined with the Microwave Ablation for a Patient with a Huge HCC Hua Zhang; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Introduction: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is a novel technique for resecting hepatic tumors that were previously considered unresectable due to the insufficient future liver remnant (FLR) which may result in postoperative liver failure (PLF). Not only does this case show that a large epiphrenic diverticulm can be successfully resected via the trans-abdominal laparoscopic approach, this case makes the argument that patients undergoing any minimally-invasive epiphrenic diverticulectomy and myotomy, with or without fundoplication, may be successfully managed with early post-operative contrast studies and dietary advancement, thus decreasing their length of hospitalization and overall cost of treatment. Introduction: There are reports of increased operative duration, blood loss and postoperative morbidity, caused by difficulties in obtaining good visualization and in controlling bleeding when laparoscopic resection is performed in obese patients with colon cancer. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103183/ doi: 10.1007/s00464-018-6121-4 id: cord-006882-t9w1cdr4 author: nan title: Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland date: 2012-07-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103265/ doi: 10.1007/s11845-012-0833-6 id: cord-006924-1i3kf01j author: nan title: Abstracts from USCAP 2020: Pulmonary, Mediastinum, Pleura, and Peritoneum Pathology (1869-1980) date: 2020-03-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104466/ doi: 10.1038/s41374-020-0400-0 id: cord-009713-sxd4t2tz author: nan title: Poster Presentations date: 2020-01-10 words: 43950.0 sentences: 2945.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-009713-sxd4t2tz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009713-sxd4t2tz.txt summary: Poster No. 010 Seizure, developmental and cognitive outcomes in children post hemispherotomy TT TAY 1 , DR REED 2 , VJ JOSAN 3 , SR RUST 4 , JT TAN 5 1 University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 2 Neuropsychology Team, Paediatric Psychosocial Service, Royal Manchester Children''s Hospital, Manchester, UK; 3 Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation, Manchester, UK; 4 Paediatric Neuropsychology, Royal Manchester Children''s Hospital, Manchester, UK; 5 Paediatric Neurology, Royal Manchester Children''s Hospital, Manchester, UK Introduction: Patients with focal refractory epilepsy secondary to structural hemispheric changes have been shown in retrospective studies to have significantly improved seizure outcomes following hemispheric disconnection. In a univariate analysis of 682 cases with ≥12 months follow-up data, poor final outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 3-6) occurred in 30% and was associated with very young or elderly age at onset, movement disorder, decreased consciousness, autonomic dysfunction, mechanical ventilation, higher mRS score in the acute phase, longer hospital stay, extreme delta brush on EEG, abnormal MRI, CSF pleocytosis and elevated CSF protein (all p<0.05). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7163607/ doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14411 id: cord-010027-r0tl01kq author: nan title: Dublin Pathology 2015. 8th Joint Meeting of the British Division of the International Academy of Pathology and the Pathological Society of Great Britain & Ireland date: 2015-09-15 words: 36299.0 sentences: 2004.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010027-r0tl01kq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010027-r0tl01kq.txt summary: Further profiling of other T cell populations may help to further understand this expression which may act as a biomarker or provide a therapeutic target Biomarkers that are able to distinguish stage II and III colon cancer patients at high risk of developing disease recurrence, who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, are still lacking. *AM supported by the NIHR and the Academy of Medical Sciences ABSTRACTS S·17 Assessment of HER2 Status on Needle Core Biopsy of Breast Cancer: Impact of Histopathological Concordance P M Pigera; AHS Lee; IO Ellis; EA Rakha; Z Hodi Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK One of the key recommendations introduced in the ASCO/CAP update guideline recommendation on HER2 testing is the novel concept of "histopathological concordance." It is proposed that certain tumour morphological features such as histologic type and grade should trigger repeating a molecular test in cases of "discordance". abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7168113/ doi: 10.1002/path.4631 id: cord-010119-t1x9gknd author: nan title: Abstract Presentations from the AABB Annual Meeting San Diego, CA ctober 7‐10, 2017 date: 2017-09-04 words: 230193.0 sentences: 13234.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010119-t1x9gknd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010119-t1x9gknd.txt summary: Conclusion: The wide distribution in the concentration of bioactive lipids among 405 stored RBC units suggests that lipid degradation is highly donor-Background/Case Studies: To ensure availability of biological products to hospitals, blood banks have developed and validated multiple storage conditions for each of their products to maximize shelf life and quality. 1 The Department of Blood Transfusion, The PLA General Hospital, 2 The Department of Blood Transfusion, Air Force General Hospital, PLA Background/Case Studies: Recently, multi researches have reported that longer term-stored red blood cells(RBCs) units were associated with increased risks of clinically adverse events, especially in critically ill patients. Weak D types 1, 2 and 3 express all the major RhD epitopes and these patients can be managed as RhD-positive, which may lead to a reduction in unnecessary Rh immunoglobulin (RhIG) administration and conservation of RhD-negative RBCs. Study Design/Method: RHD genotyping was performed on all patient samples with weaker than expected or discrepant RhD typing results, utilizing a commercially available genotyping kit manufactured by Immucor (RHD BeadChip). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169716/ doi: 10.1111/trf.14286 id: cord-010980-sizuef1v author: nan title: ECTES Abstracts 2020 date: 2020-05-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223217/ doi: 10.1007/s00068-020-01343-y id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms author: nan title: SPR 2012 date: 2012-03-29 words: 98592.0 sentences: 5600.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt txt: ./txt/cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt summary: This presentation will focus on recent developments that have lead to a better understanding of the embryopathogenesis for fibropolycystic liver diseases (including choledochal cysts and Caroli disease), histopathological findings that have led to new classification systems for of pediatric vascular anomalies, technological advances and contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging that are useful to characterize and limit the differential diagnosis of hepatic masses. Disclosure: Dr. Annapragada has indicated that he is a stock holder and consultant for Marval Biosciences Inc. Paper #: PA-067 Cardiovascular Image Quality Using a Nanoparticle CT Contrast Agent: Preliminary Studies in a Pig Model Rajesh Krishnamurthy, Radiology, Texas Children''s Hospital, rxkrishn@texaschildrens.org; Ketan Ghaghada, Prakash Masand, Abhay Divekar, Eric Hoffman, Ananth Annapragada Purpose or Case Report: Image quality in a separate study using a long circulating, liposomal-based nanoscale blood pool iodinated contrast agent (NCTX) suggests clinical utility in pediatrics, potentially reducing difficulties in contrast-CT of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) including the size of intravenous cannula, need for accurate timing, inability to simultaneously opacify multiple targets of interest (requiring repeated contrast administration and/or repeated imaging). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7080092/ doi: 10.1007/s00247-012-2356-8 id: cord-014712-5u4e00q6 author: nan title: Selected Abstracts from the 100th J Project Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, March 12-14, 2014 date: 2014-08-02 words: 36900.0 sentences: 2254.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-014712-5u4e00q6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-014712-5u4e00q6.txt summary: Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Dept of Pediatric Immunology, Izmir, Turkey Ig class switch recombination deficiencies are rare PIDs (1:500,000 births) with normal or elevated serum IgM and low IgG, IgA and IgE levels, defective or normal somatic hypermutation, defective T/B cooperation (50%), intrinsic B cell defect (50%), susceptibility to bacterial infections begining from the first year of age (impaired B cell immunity) and lack of germinal centres in secondary lymphoid organs. Great North Children''s Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Even following the introduction of biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), a small number of children suffering from severe, refractory autoimmune (AI), rheumatic and/or autoinflammatory disorders will not get into clinical remission (CR) and will potentially further suffer from multiple side-effects of combined and long-term immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory therapies, in particular severe infections (Marodi L, Casanova JL. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7086544/ doi: 10.1007/s10875-014-0065-9 id: cord-014794-yppi30a0 author: nan title: 19th European Congress of Pathology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 6-11, 2003 date: 2003-07-31 words: 158059.0 sentences: 9041.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-014794-yppi30a0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-014794-yppi30a0.txt summary: These parts were in a high percentage associated with fibrosis and lymphocyte rich areas and showed a higher mitotic activity than usual PTCs. Discussion The differences in the occurrence of TCV and TCmorphology between the presented series and previously reported cases might result from until now not clearly defined tall cell morphology as well as from similarities to PTCs, such as the oxyphilic variant, which is extremely rare in our series, and maybe also from often described squamous changes within PTCs. Due to these data it is not clear which tumor parts have relevance for prognosis and which tumors should be treated more aggressively than others. The aims of this study were to characterize the group of patients with BSOT and evaluate the significance of various molecular markers expression versus serous papillary ovarian carcinomas (SPOC) Material and methods We analyzed a total of 102 cases including: 64 cystadenoma, 10 borderline and 28 cystadenocarcinoma. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087991/ doi: 10.1007/s00428-003-0864-5 id: cord-015348-qt0worsl author: nan title: Abstract date: 2010-07-30 words: 74085.0 sentences: 4714.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015348-qt0worsl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015348-qt0worsl.txt summary: However, the application of the compounds in clinical trials has revealed promising results only when predictive procedures have been available for determining which patients will benefit from targeting therapy, so-called eligibility or predictive tests, e.g. Her2 in breast cancer, KRAS and EGFR mutations in colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Conclusion: We report on the development of a quantitative tissue-based immunohistochemical (IHC) methodology employing activation-specific antibodies against multiple components of the BCR signaling pathway that will assess the activity of the BCR pathway in formalin-fixed paraffinembedded primary DLBCLs. This approach will identify the subset of patient tumors that are actively signaling through the BCR pathway and, therefore, will predict therapeutic responsiveness to targeted inhibition of BCR signaling. Method: In our study, we investigate 120 cases diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma in which we established microscopic characterization, immunohistochemical profiles (expression of proliferation markers, steroid receptors and Her2) and computer-assisted morphometric profiles by determining the mean values for nuclear area, cellular area and N/C ratio with Lucia Net Software. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102354/ doi: 10.1007/s00428-010-0947-z id: cord-015352-2d02eq3y author: nan title: ESPR 2017 date: 2017-04-26 words: 82253.0 sentences: 4479.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015352-2d02eq3y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015352-2d02eq3y.txt summary: Lapierre; Montreal/CA Summary: Objectives: To review the classification of visceroatrial situs To describe the associated cardiac and non-cardiac anomalies To illustrate typical findings in fetuses, neonates and children To discuss the surgical consideration and the long-term follow-up in these patients Abstract: By definition, the type of situs is determined by the relationship between the atria and the adjacent organs. As is often the case, radiology in JIA is all about: knowing your clinicians (i.e. the pretest likelihood for disease) being technically eloquent (e.g. using high-resolution US probes, not delaying post-contrast MRI acquisitions) knowing what is normal (e.g. normal undulations in the articular surface, focal bone marrow signal variation) not being dogmatic about individual observations or measurements interpreting your findings in a clinical context The lecture will demonstrate similarities and differences among joints and modalities in children with variable-severity JIA. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103096/ doi: 10.1007/s00247-017-3820-2 id: cord-015359-gf32a6f1 author: nan title: B scientific sessions (SS) date: 2002 words: 159591.0 sentences: 9768.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015359-gf32a6f1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015359-gf32a6f1.txt summary: Methods and materials: 73 consecutive patients, clinically considered to have stage 1B tumour (confined to the cervix), underwent MR imaging studies at 1 T, according to the following protocol: fast spin-echo (FSE) T2-weighted, gadoliniumenhanced SE Tl-weighted, and fat-suppressed gadolinium-enhanced SE Tlweighted sequences. Purpose: To describe the radiological (thin section CT) findings correlated to activity and remission in ANCA associated pulmonary-renal small vessel vasculitis (SVV) Material and methods: We used retrospective analysis of 37 CTs, 27 in disease activity (8 first manifestations, 19 relapses) 10 im remission of 17 patients with pulmorenal syndrome (9 Wegener, 4 microscopic polyangiitis-MPA, 3 Churg-Strauss-syndrome, 1 idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis following the Chapel Hill classification) 7 women, 10 men, median 65.5 years (34 -84). Varghese, P.R. Mueller; Boston, MA/US Purpose: We sought to determine the incidence of malignancy and to assess a possible role for image guided biopsy of this category of renal masses Materials & methods: Of the 397 renal biopsies performed at our institution between 1991 and 2000; a total of 28 patients with 28 category III lesions, were identified for analysis. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103164/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-002-0002-9 id: cord-015368-a0qz4tb9 author: nan title: 48th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery, Graz, June 7–9, 2007 date: 2007 words: 86620.0 sentences: 6042.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt summary: Surgical treatment and evaluation, complications, short and long term patency of our patients were compared to interventional techniques and international literature. The aim of the study was to investigate: i) relevant and combined determinants of the development, management and outcome of a representative patient cohort (n ¼ 9.991) with acute appendicitis enrolled in a prospective unicenter study through a time period of 27 years (middle Europe), and ii) the frequency and impact of specific categories (e.g., characteristics of the medical history, clinical and intraoperative findings, complications), correlation and relative risk factors of the disease and its prognosis. From 01=1997 until 12=2006 198 TEM procedures were performed in 194 patients, 104 males, 90 females, mean age was 68.9 years (38-91), the median hospital stay was 8 days . No conversion to open technique had to be performed, no postoperative surgical complications were observed, one patient died 4 weeks postoperative due to liver failure following esophageal varices bleeding. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103188/ doi: 10.1007/s10353-007-0330-8 id: cord-015369-72cjogxz author: nan title: 50th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery. Vienna, June 18–20, 2009. Guest Editors: Albert Tuchmann, Erhard Schwanzer, Benedikt Walzel date: 2009 words: 71071.0 sentences: 7094.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015369-72cjogxz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015369-72cjogxz.txt summary: Bei 2 Patienten wurde wegen eines Rezidivs eine neuerliche RFT mit liver packing notwendig, 5 Patienten wurden ohne Packing ein zweites mal abladiert und ein Patient unterzog sich einer linksseitigen Hemihepatektomie nach rechtsseitiger Ablation. Das laparoskopische Liver Packing ermöglicht eine ablative Therapie der Leber in Patienten, die mit den herkömmlichen Möglichkeiten nicht lokal therapierbar sind. Zusammenfassend lässt sich anhand der hier vorliegenden Studie zeigen, dass die Therapie von VSM mittels ELT mit 1470-nm-Diodenlaser und Radialfaser eine sowohl minimalinvasive als auch sichere und effiziente Therapieoption darstellt und eine hohe frühzeitige Erfolgsrate bei niedrigem Schmerzniveau aufweist.In weiteren Studien muss geprueft werden, ob aehnlich gute Resultate auch bei weiterer Absenkung des Energienivaus zu erreichen sind. Patients who underwent R0 resection for colon and rectal cancer during the period 1995-2000 showed a significantly improved 5-year survival rate compared to those operated on between 1991 and 1995. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103189/ doi: 10.1007/s10353-009-0461-1 id: cord-015372-76xvzvdg author: nan title: National scientific medical meeting 1996 abstracts date: 1996 words: 36596.0 sentences: 2204.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt summary: One, two and five-year survival rates were examined; age at diagnosis and lesion type were extremely significant factors in relation to patient outcome. Patients'' age, sex, risk group, CDC stage, CD4 count, indication for therapy, complication rate and response to treatment are described. Fifty-eight patients (34 male, 24 female) ranging in age from 15 to 65 years (Mean + SD = 28.4 + 10.8) were included in the study. Among these 48 patients (mean age 68.0+12.7), after controlling for age and for the duration and continuity of subsequent antipsychotic treatment, increasing duration of initially untreated psychosis was associated with greater severity of negative symptoms (p<0.005) and with lower scores on the MMSE (p<0.05) but not with executive dysfunction on the EXIT (p=0.3). Conclusion Although not a population based study, care of IDDM in Ireland is almost totally hospital clinic based Cigarette smoking is identified as the major problem to be addressed Patients with diabetes meltitus (DM) are at a higher risk of developing vascular complications, including coronary artery disease (CAD). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103226/ doi: 10.1007/bf02945204 id: cord-019347-tj3ye1mx author: nan title: ABSTRACT BOOK date: 2010-02-19 words: 107926.0 sentences: 6940.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-019347-tj3ye1mx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-019347-tj3ye1mx.txt summary: Method:Case Report:A 15y/o w/f athlete presented with a two month history of recurrent hives and angioedema which she associated with ingestion of Halloween candy .One week before evaluation she had hives with Coconut as well.Her history was othewise unremarkable except for recurrent UTI''S, annual sinusitis, pneumonia in 1998 as well as migraines.She denied sexual activity.Her physical exam was normal.Results:An evaluation for autoimmune disease revealed normal ESR, ANA, DSDNA, mono and hepatitis serology as well as lyme titers however her CH50 was low17u/ml(normal 26-58U/ml)and evaluation of complement revealed c4 14mg/dl(normal 16-47mg//dl)and c2 <1.3mg/dl(normal 1.6-3.5mg/dl)with normal c3, c5-c9.Her father had nor-malc4 but c2 was 1.4mg/dl (normal 1.6-3.5mg/dl)Her sister had c2 of 1.5mg/dl and normal c4 and her mother had normal c2 and c4.Her workup included positive prick skin test to ragweed, ash and grass and she was started on Rhinocort and Clarinex seasonally.She has been followed for one year with resolution of hives and is asymptomatic.Her diagnosis had been confirmed by a pediatric rheumatologist.Conclusion;We present an atypical case of C2 complement deficiency in an currently asymptomatic individual. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7129269/ doi: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61294-x id: cord-021087-n4epxwn9 author: nan title: ECR – Final Programme: Scientific and Educational Exhibits date: 2004 words: 154170.0 sentences: 9372.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-021087-n4epxwn9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021087-n4epxwn9.txt summary: Conclusions: MRI is useful to identify tumor response to Imatinib Mesylate in advanced GIST as from the early months of therapy with the following indicators of treatment activity: A) Size of lesions; B) signal intensity; C) vascularization; D) amount of degenerative tissue or necrosis; E) presence of peritoneal fluid. Materials and Methods: 34 patients (13 female, 21 male) from two centres with proven myocardial infarction by ECG, clinical and echo criteria underwent stress/ rest Tc99 sestamibi Gated SPECT scanning with a dual headed gamma camera and late contract enhanced MRI on identical 1.5 Tesla scanners in each centre using a protocol which imaged 15 minutes after injection of 0.1 mmol/kg IV gadolinium. These preliminary results illustrate the ability of MRI to assess the integrity of the TFCC and suggests its use as the first imaging method following plain radiography in the evaluation of patients with chronic posttraumatic pain on the ulnar side of the wrist. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149010/ doi: 10.1007/s10406-005-0142-5 id: cord-022147-istz1iql author: nan title: Procedures to Investigate Waterborne Illness date: 2016-07-13 words: 38204.0 sentences: 1874.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022147-istz1iql.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022147-istz1iql.txt summary: • Identifying illness associated with an exposure and verifying that the causative agent is waterborne • Detecting all cases, the causative agent, and the place of exposure • Determining the water source, mode of contamination, processes, or practices by which proliferation and/or survival of the etiological agent occurred • Implementing emergency measures to control the spread of the outbreak • Gathering information on the epidemiology of waterborne diseases and the etiology of the causative agents that can be used for education, training, and program planning, thereby impacting on the prevention of waterborne illness • Determining if the outbreak under investigation is part of a larger outbreak by immediately reporting to state/provincial/national epidemiologists In the instance of a bottled water outbreak, halting of distribution and sale of product and recall of product, some of which may already be in consumers'' homes, are necessary to prevent further illness. abstract: Humanity could not survive without a reliably clean, safe, and steady flow of drinking water. Since the early 1900s when typhoid fever and cholera were frequently causes of waterborne illness in developed countries, drinking water supplies have been protected and treated to ensure water safety, quality, and quantity. Having access to safe drinking water has always been one of the cornerstones of good public health. Not only safe water is limited to drinking water, but recreational water can also be a source for waterborne illness—both from treated waters such as in swimming pools, whirlpools, or splash pads and from non-treated surface waters such as lakes, rivers, streams and ponds. Recreational waters may cause illness not only from ingestion of pathogens, but also when in contact with eyes, ears, or skin. Some pathogens in water can be acquired by inhalation of aerosols from water that is agitated or sprayed such as in humidifiers, fountains, or misting of produce. This poses a potential risk to those exposed, particularly if they are immunocompromised. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7153435/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-26027-3_1 id: cord-022597-9b1a8cri author: nan title: Hematopoietic Tumors date: 2009-05-15 words: 39255.0 sentences: 2396.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022597-9b1a8cri.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022597-9b1a8cri.txt summary: Hepatosplenic lymphoma is a relatively uncommon, distinct presentation in the dog marked by a lack of peripheral lymphadenopathy in the face of hepatic, splenic, and bone marrow infiltration with malignant lymphocytes, usually of T-cell origin. The prognosis for canine lymphoma varies and depends on a number of factors, such as the location of disease, the extent of disease (the clinical stage), the presence or absence of clinical signs (the substage), the histologic grade, the immunophenotype (T cell or B cell), exposure to previous chemotherapy or corticosteroids and subsequent development of MDR (see Chapter 11), altered cell death processes (apoptosis), the proliferation rate of the tumor, the presence of concurrent medical problems or paraneoplastic conditions (e.g., hypercalcemia, weight loss, and liver insufficiency), and possibly gender.* Although canine lymphoma is rarely curable (fewer than 10% of cases), complete responses and a good quality of life during extended remissions and survival are typical. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158371/ doi: 10.1016/b978-072160558-6.50034-4 id: cord-022650-phsr10jp author: nan title: Abstracts TPS date: 2018-08-14 words: 119675.0 sentences: 7010.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022650-phsr10jp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022650-phsr10jp.txt summary: 0685 | Skin prick test reactivity to aeroallergens in adult allergy clinic in a tertiary hospital: a 12-year retrospective study Results: Five different human sera were screened for specific IgE level against 29 different allergen sources using test methods of three different suppliers. Conclusion: This multicenter prospective study confirmed that stepwise single-dose OFC to egg will help to clarify the severity of egg allergy, and will contribute to improved food allergy manageMethod: The study design was a retrospective cohort study extracting data from the electronic chart of children older than 4 years who visited our out-patient clinic for egg or milk allergy and who underwent an oral food challenge test (OFC) twice within 24 months between November 2013 and December 2017. Results: In the base case analysis, using Italy clinical practice patients with moderate-to severe allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (SS ranging from 6 to 15 points) and a mean age at entry of 21 years, both SCIT and SLIT were associated with increased cost but superior efficacy compared to pharmacotherapy alone. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159469/ doi: 10.1111/all.13539 id: cord-022756-kdgo4rqb author: nan title: Hematopoietic Tumors date: 2012-11-28 words: 42445.0 sentences: 2381.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022756-kdgo4rqb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022756-kdgo4rqb.txt summary: Hepatosplenic lymphoma is a relatively uncommon, distinct presentation in the dog marked by a lack of significant peripheral lymphadenopathy in the face of hepatic, splenic, and bone marrow infiltration with malignant lymphocytes, usually of T-cell origin. In a randomized study of 60 dogs with lymphoma comparing CHOP-based chemotherapy with CHOPbased chemotherapy and a human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) DNA cationic-lipid complexed autologous whole tumor cell vaccine, a small measure of immunomodulation was documented by delayed-type hypersensitivity; however, significant improvement in clinical outcome was not noted. 263 Total body irradiation (and/or ablative chemotherapy) for complete or partial bone marrow ablation followed by reconstitution with bone marrow or stem-cell transplant in dogs, although a recognized model in comparative research settings, 264,265 is still in its early phases of development and application in clinical veterinary It is associated with slow progression and long-term survival following corticosteroid management; however, it does have the potential to progress to high-grade lymphoma. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161412/ doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00032-3 id: cord-023186-gqltd6u0 author: nan title: Poster Sessions date: 2019-06-27 words: 14365.0 sentences: 814.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023186-gqltd6u0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023186-gqltd6u0.txt summary: Methods: This is a one-year retrospective study that was conducted in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) comparing the intervention failure rate of three different Noninvasive respiratory support modalities (bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and HFNC) for infants and young children between the ages of 1 month and 2 years admitted with the diagnosis of bronchiolitis. The aim of the study was to determine the association between Methods: Ninety children aged between > 28 days to < 5 years hospitalized with diagnosis of severe CAP in the Pediatric Department of West Nusa Tenggara Province General Hospital from January to October 2018 were enrolled. Arterial blood gases, respiratory rate, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and mean airway pressure (MAP) of rat lung during respiratory support, wetto-dry lung weight ratio, lung homogenate and/or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, interleukin-6 and total protein levels were measured and compared among groups after study completion. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7167664/ doi: 10.1002/ppul.24373 id: cord-024651-578c9ut5 author: nan title: 2020 CIS Annual Meeting: Immune Deficiency & Dysregulation North American Conference date: 2020-05-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7212516/ doi: 10.1007/s10875-020-00764-z id: cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 author: nan title: Proceedings of the 26th European Paediatric Rheumatology Congress: part 2: Virtual. 23 - 26 September 2020 date: 2020-10-28 words: 35088.0 sentences: 2148.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt summary: Objectives: The current study was undertaken to evaluate sociodemographic and sociocultural features, parent behavior, the gestation and breastfeeding period, nutritional status of early childhood in our patients with JIA, and to determine their relationship with disease activity, damage index, remission time, and relapse rate. Methods: In the present study were included data 170 JIA(55 boys and 115 girls)aged from 2 to 17 years,who received scheduled vaccination before the age of 2 years and before JIA onset against measles,parotitis,diphtheria and rubella.Incomplete vaccination means the reduced number of vaccine to age.In all patients the Ig G anti-vaccine antibodies levels were detected with ELISA.JIA categories were:oligoarthritis -73,polyarthritis -61,systemic-16 and enthesitisrelated arthritis-20.Data presented with median and 25%>75% Results: Incomplete vaccination against MMR was in 50 (42%)diphtheria in 85 (50%) of the JIA patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7592179/ doi: 10.1186/s12969-020-00470-5 id: cord-326785-le2t1l8g author: nan title: Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 163rd meeting, 3–5 July 1991 date: 2005-06-15 words: 22752.0 sentences: 2108.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326785-le2t1l8g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326785-le2t1l8g.txt summary: The lesions (usually multlpleand each 5 mm orless m diameter) were identified in lung parenchymaat a distance from the tumour and consisted of thickened alveolar walls lined by prominent, distinctly atypical cells morphologically Slmllar to type I 1 pneumacytes and cytologically different to the associated turnour Reactive changes 8" lung involved by obstrmtive pneumonitis were not included !n thts Sews All of the associated tumwra were peripheral adenocarcinamas and all showed a pattern of alveolar wall spread at the tumour periphery Clinically 7 of the patients were female and all were smokers or ex-smokers The slgnlflcance of this lesion in the histogenesis of primary pulmonary ademcarcinoma IS. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1681042/ doi: 10.1002/path.1711640412 id: cord-338123-4pshh5ov author: nan title: SARS Alert Applicability date: 2004-08-17 words: 1461.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338123-4pshh5ov.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338123-4pshh5ov.txt summary: If the illness is included in the list of notifiable infectious diseases, the case must be reported to the local public health authority so infection control measures can be implemented. To determine how the sickness certification system in other European Union countries operates and assesses the feasibility of the WHO alert surveillance, we interviewed specialists in infectious diseases or public health in France (seven imported cases of SARS, two in healthcare workers), Spain (one case), and Denmark (no cases) (2) by electronic mail. All hospitals that treated patients with suspected SARS either had their own committee to classify patients according to World Health Organization guidelines or followed the protocol for classification or reclassification of reported cases by the team members (3). From the first day that suspected cases were reported to the Taiwan Center for Disease Control, the patients were placed in negative-pressure isolation rooms when available. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15503403/ doi: 10.3201/eid1008.040221 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel