id sid tid token lemma pos cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 1 1 key key JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 1 2 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 1 3 cord-257801-rgzmpoxv cord-257801-rgzmpoxv . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 2 1 authors author NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 2 2 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 2 3 Keeling Keeling NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 2 4 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 2 5 Matt Matt NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 2 6 J J NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 2 7 ; ; : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 2 8 Hollingsworth Hollingsworth NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 2 9 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 2 10 T. T. NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 2 11 Deirdre Deirdre NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 2 12 ; ; : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 3 1 Read read VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 3 2 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 3 3 Jonathan Jonathan NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 3 4 M M NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 3 5 title title NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 3 6 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 1 The the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 2 Efficacy Efficacy NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 3 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 4 Contact Contact NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 5 Tracing trace VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 6 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 7 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 8 Containment containment NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 9 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 10 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 11 2019 2019 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 12 Novel Novel NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 13 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 15 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 4 17 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 5 1 date date NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 5 2 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 5 3 2020 2020 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 5 4 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 5 5 02 02 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 5 6 - - SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 5 7 17 17 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 5 8 journal journal NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 5 9 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 5 10 nan nan NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 5 11 DOI DOI NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 5 12 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 5 13 10.1101/2020.02.14.20023036 10.1101/2020.02.14.20023036 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 6 1 sha sha NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 6 2 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 7 1 f7891683eecd12b3908862fc7ef1d341ca7a293c f7891683eecd12b3908862fc7ef1d341ca7a293c NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 7 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 7 3 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 7 4 257801 257801 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 7 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 7 6 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 1 rgzmpoxv rgzmpoxv NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 2 Contact Contact NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 3 tracing trace VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 4 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 5 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 6 central central JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 7 public public JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 8 health health NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 9 response response NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 10 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 11 infectious infectious JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 12 disease disease NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 13 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 14 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 15 especially especially RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 16 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 17 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 18 early early JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 19 stages stage NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 20 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 21 an an DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 22 outbreak outbreak NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 23 when when WRB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 24 specific specific JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 25 treatments treatment NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 26 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 27 limited limited JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 8 28 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 1 Importation importation NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 2 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 3 novel novel JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 4 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 6 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 8 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 9 China China NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 10 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 11 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 12 into into IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 13 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 14 United United NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 15 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 16 highlights highlight VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 17 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 18 need need NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 19 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 20 understand understand VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 21 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 22 impact impact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 23 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 24 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 25 tracing trace VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 26 as as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 27 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 28 control control NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 29 measure measure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 9 30 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 1 Using use VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 2 detailed detailed JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 3 survey survey NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 4 information information NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 5 on on IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 6 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 7 encounters encounter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 8 coupled couple VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 9 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 10 predictive predictive JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 11 models model NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 12 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 14 investigate investigate VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 15 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 16 likely likely JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 17 efficacy efficacy NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 18 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 19 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 20 current current JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 21 UK UK NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 22 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 23 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 24 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 25 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 26 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 28 within within IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 29 2 2 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 30 meters meter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 31 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 32 15 15 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 33 minutes minute NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 34 or or CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 35 more more JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 37 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 38 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 39 distribution distribution NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 40 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 41 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 42 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 43 that that WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 44 may may MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 45 go go VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 46 untraced untraced JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 10 47 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 1 Taking take VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 2 recent recent JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 3 estimates estimate NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 4 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 5 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 6 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 7 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 9 show show VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 10 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 11 less less JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 12 than than IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 13 1 1 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 14 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 15 5 5 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 16 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 17 will will MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 18 generate generate VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 19 any any DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 20 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 21 untraced untraced JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 22 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 23 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 24 although although IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 25 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 26 comes come VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 27 at at IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 28 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 29 high high JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 30 logistical logistical JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 31 burden burden NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 32 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 33 an an DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 34 average average NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 35 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 36 36.1 36.1 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 37 individuals individual NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 39 95th 95th JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 40 percentiles percentile NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 41 0 0 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 42 - - SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 43 182 182 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 45 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 46 per per IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 47 case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 11 48 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 1 Changes change NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 2 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 3 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 4 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 5 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 6 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 7 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 8 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 9 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 10 reduce reduce VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 11 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 12 burden burden NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 13 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 14 but but CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 15 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 16 increased increase VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 17 risk risk NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 18 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 19 untraced untraced JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 20 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 21 ; ; : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 22 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 23 estimate estimate VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 24 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 25 any any DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 26 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 27 where where WRB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 28 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 29 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 30 requires require VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 31 more more JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 32 than than IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 33 4 4 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 34 hours hour NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 35 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 36 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 37 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 38 likely likely JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 39 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 40 lead lead VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 41 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 42 uncontrolled uncontrolled JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 43 spread spread NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 12 44 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 1 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 2 highlights highlight VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 3 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 4 need need NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 5 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 6 understand understand VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 7 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 8 impact impact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 9 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 10 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 11 tracing trace VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 12 as as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 13 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 14 control control NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 15 measure measure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 13 16 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 1 Using use VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 2 detailed detailed JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 3 survey survey NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 4 information information NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 5 on on IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 6 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 7 encounters encounter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 8 coupled couple VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 9 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 10 predictive predictive JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 11 models model NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 12 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 14 investigate investigate VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 15 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 16 likely likely JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 17 efficacy efficacy NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 18 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 19 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 20 current current JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 21 UK UK NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 22 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 23 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 24 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 25 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 26 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 28 within within IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 29 2 2 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 30 meters meter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 31 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 32 15 15 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 33 minutes minute NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 34 or or CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 35 more more JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 37 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 38 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 39 distribution distribution NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 40 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 41 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 42 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 43 that that WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 44 may may MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 45 go go VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 46 untraced untraced JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 14 47 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 1 Taking take VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 2 recent recent JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 3 estimates estimate NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 4 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 5 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 6 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 7 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 9 show show VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 10 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 11 less less JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 12 than than IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 13 1 1 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 14 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 15 5 5 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 16 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 17 will will MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 18 generate generate VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 19 any any DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 20 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 21 untraced untraced JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 22 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 23 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 24 although although IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 25 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 26 comes come VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 27 at at IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 28 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 29 high high JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 30 logistical logistical JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 31 burden burden NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 32 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 33 an an DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 34 average average NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 35 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 36 36.1 36.1 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 37 individuals individual NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 39 95 95 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 40 th th DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 41 percentiles percentile NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 42 0 0 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 43 - - SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 44 182 182 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 46 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 47 per per IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 48 case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 15 49 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 1 Changes change NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 2 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 3 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 4 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 5 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 6 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 7 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 8 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 9 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 10 reduce reduce VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 11 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 12 burden burden NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 13 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 14 but but CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 15 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 16 increased increase VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 17 risk risk NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 18 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 19 untraced untraced JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 20 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 21 ; ; : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 22 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 23 estimate estimate VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 24 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 25 any any DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 26 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 27 where where WRB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 28 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 29 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 30 requires require VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 31 more more JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 32 than than IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 33 4 4 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 34 hours hour NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 35 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 36 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 37 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 38 likely likely JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 39 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 40 lead lead VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 41 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 42 uncontrolled uncontrolled JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 43 spread spread NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 16 44 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 1 Contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 2 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 3 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 4 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 5 main main JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 6 public public JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 7 health health NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 8 response response NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 9 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 10 importations importation NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 11 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 12 rare rare JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 13 or or CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 14 emerging emerge VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 16 diseases disease NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 17 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 18 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 19 was be VBD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 20 implemented implement VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 21 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 22 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 23 UK UK NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 24 during during IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 25 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 26 ' ' `` cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 27 containment containment NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 28 stage stage NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 29 ' ' '' cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 30 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 31 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 32 2009 2009 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 33 influenza influenza NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 34 pandemic pandemic NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 36 McLean McLean NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 37 et et NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 38 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 39 2010 2010 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 17 41 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 1 In in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 2 more more RBR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 3 recent recent JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 4 years year NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 5 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 6 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 7 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 8 was be VBD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 9 also also RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 10 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 11 valuable valuable JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 12 tool tool NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 13 following follow VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 14 importation importation NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 15 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 16 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 17 virus virus NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 18 disease disease NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 19 into into IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 20 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 21 UK UK NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 22 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 18 23 2014 2014 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 19 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 19 2 Crook Crook NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 19 3 et et FW cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 19 4 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 19 5 2017 2017 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 19 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 1 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 2 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 3 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 4 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 5 monkeypox monkeypox NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 6 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 7 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 8 UK UK NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 9 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 10 2018 2018 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 12 Vaughan Vaughan NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 13 et et NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 14 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 15 2018 2018 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 20 17 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 1 In in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 2 general general JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 3 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 4 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 5 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 6 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 7 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 8 highly highly RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 9 effective effective JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 10 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 11 robust robust JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 12 strategy strategy NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 13 given give VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 14 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 15 resources resource NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 21 16 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 1 The the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 2 main main JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 3 advantages advantage NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 4 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 5 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 7 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 8 identify identify VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 9 potentially potentially RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 10 infected infect VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 11 individuals individual NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 12 before before IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 13 severe severe JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 14 symptoms symptom NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 15 emerge emerge VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 16 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 17 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 18 if if IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 19 conducted conduct VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 20 sufficiently sufficiently RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 21 quickly quickly RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 22 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 23 prevent prevent VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 24 onward onward JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 25 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 26 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 27 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 28 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 29 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 22 30 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 1 Contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 2 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 3 has have VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 4 proved prove VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 5 hugely hugely RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 6 successful successful JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 7 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 8 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 9 treatment treatment NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 10 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 11 sexually sexually RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 12 transmitted transmit VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 13 infections infection NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 14 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 15 where where WRB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 16 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 17 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 18 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 19 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 20 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 21 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 22 relatively relatively RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 23 straightforward straightforward JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 24 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 25 where where WRB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 26 infection infection NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 27 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 28 often often RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 29 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 30 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 31 where where WRB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 32 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 33 time time NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 34 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 35 scales scale NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 36 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 37 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 38 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 23 39 slow slow JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 24 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 24 2 Hogben Hogben NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 24 3 et et NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 24 4 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 24 5 2016 2016 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 24 6 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 24 7 Rönn Rönn NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 24 8 et et NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 24 9 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 24 10 2017 2017 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 24 11 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 1 In in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 2 contrast contrast NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 3 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 4 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 5 use use NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 6 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 7 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 8 tracing trace VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 9 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 10 novel novel JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 11 invading invade VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 13 has have VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 14 received receive VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 15 less less JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 16 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 17 consideration consideration NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 18 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 19 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 20 part part NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 21 due due IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 22 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 23 greater great JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 24 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 25 over over IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 26 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 27 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 28 structure structure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 30 although although IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 31 see see VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 32 Ahmed Ahmed NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 33 et et NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 34 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 35 2018 2018 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 36 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 37 Hoang Hoang NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 38 et et NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 39 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 40 2019 2019 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 25 41 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 1 Modelling modelling NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 2 studies study NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 3 have have VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 4 often often RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 5 focused focus VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 6 on on IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 7 quantifying quantify VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 8 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 9 importance importance NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 10 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 11 pre pre JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 12 - - JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 13 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 14 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 15 pretracing pretrace VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 16 infectiousness infectiousness NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 17 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 18 but but CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 19 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 20 usually usually RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 21 based base VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 22 on on IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 23 statistical statistical JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 24 distributions distribution NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 25 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 26 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 27 networks network NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 29 Fraser Fraser NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 30 et et NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 31 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 32 2004 2004 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 33 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 34 Kwok Kwok NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 35 et et NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 36 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 37 2019 2019 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 26 38 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 1 Here here RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 3 leverage leverage VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 4 detailed detailed JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 5 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 6 network network NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 7 data datum NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 8 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 9 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 10 UK UK NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 11 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 12 model model VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 13 both both DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 14 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 15 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 16 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 17 act act NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 18 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 19 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 20 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 21 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 22 identify identify VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 23 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 24 implications implication NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 25 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 26 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 27 tracing trace VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 28 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 29 containment containment NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 30 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 31 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 32 novel novel JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 33 pathogen pathogen NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 34 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 35 using use VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 36 parameters parameter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 37 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 38 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 39 novel novel JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 40 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 42 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 27 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 28 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 28 2 Read read VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 28 3 et et FW cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 28 4 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 28 5 2020 2020 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 28 6 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 28 7 Li Li NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 28 8 et et NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 28 9 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 28 10 2020 2020 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 28 11 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 2 characterised characterise VBD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 3 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 4 patterns pattern NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 5 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 6 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 7 UK UK NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 8 using use VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 9 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 10 postal postal JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 11 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 12 online online JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 13 cross cross JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 14 - - JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 15 sectional sectional JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 16 survey survey NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 17 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 18 which which WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 19 asked ask VBD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 20 participants participant NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 21 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 22 report report VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 23 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 24 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 25 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 26 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 27 encounters encounter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 28 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 29 unique unique JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 30 individuals individual NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 31 during during IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 32 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 33 given give VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 34 day day NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 35 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 36 as as RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 37 well well RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 38 as as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 39 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 40 duration duration NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 41 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 42 typical typical JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 43 frequency frequency NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 44 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 45 those those DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 46 encounters encounter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 48 Danon Danon NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 49 et et FW cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 50 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 29 51 2012 2012 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 30 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 30 2 Danon Danon NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 30 3 et et FW cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 30 4 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 30 5 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 30 6 2013 2013 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 30 7 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 1 In in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 2 total total NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 3 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 4 5,802 5,802 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 5 respondents respondent NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 6 reported report VBD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 7 more more JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 8 than than IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 9 50,000 50,000 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 10 encounters encounter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 11 -one -one CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 12 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 13 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 14 biggest big JJS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 15 studies study NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 16 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 18 kind kind NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 19 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 20 date date NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 31 21 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 1 The the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 2 encounter encounter NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 3 patterns pattern NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 4 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 5 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 6 study study NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 7 were be VBD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 8 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 9 good good JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 10 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 11 agreement agreement NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 12 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 13 other other JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 14 similar similar JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 15 studies study NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 16 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 17 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 32 18 interactions interaction NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 33 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 33 2 Mossong Mossong NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 33 3 et et NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 33 4 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 33 5 2008 2008 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 33 6 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 33 7 Isella Isella NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 33 8 et et NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 33 9 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 33 10 2010 2010 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 33 11 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 1 In in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 2 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 3 study study NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 4 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 5 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 6 daily daily JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 7 encounter encounter NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 8 data datum NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 9 was be VBD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 10 first first RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 11 extrapolated extrapolate VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 12 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 13 generate generate VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 14 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 15 pattern pattern NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 16 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 17 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 18 over over IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 19 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 20 14 14 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 21 day day NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 22 period period NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 24 replicating replicate VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 25 random random JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 26 encounters encounter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 27 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 28 increasing increase VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 29 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 30 total total JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 31 duration duration NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 32 associated associate VBD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 33 regular regular JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 34 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 36 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 37 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 38 act act VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 39 as as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 40 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 41 basis basis NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 42 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 43 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 44 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 45 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 46 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 47 simulations simulation NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 34 48 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 1 Using use VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 2 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 3 extrapolated extrapolate VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 4 data datum NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 5 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 7 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 8 classify classify VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 9 interactions interaction NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 10 into into IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 11 those those DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 12 which which WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 13 satisfy satisfy VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 14 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 15 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 16 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 17 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 18 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 19 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 20 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 21 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 22 purpose purpose NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 23 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 24 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 25 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 35 26 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 1 From from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 3 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 4 encounter encounter NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 5 data datum NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 7 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 8 also also RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 9 distinguish distinguish VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 10 interactions interaction NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 11 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 12 people people NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 13 who who WP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 14 could could MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 15 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 16 later later RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 17 identified identify VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 18 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 19 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 20 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 21 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 22 those those DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 23 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 24 unidentifiable unidentifiable JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 25 strangers stranger NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 27 schematic schematic JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 28 figure figure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 29 1 1 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 36 31 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 2 assume assume VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 3 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 4 all all DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 5 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 6 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 7 longer long JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 8 than than IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 9 1 1 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 10 hour hour NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 11 or or CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 12 repeated repeat VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 13 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 14 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 15 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 16 identified identify VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 17 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 18 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 19 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 20 whereas whereas IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 21 shorter short JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 22 meetings meeting NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 23 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 24 people people NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 25 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 26 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 27 first first JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 28 time time NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 29 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 30 strangers stranger NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 31 who who WP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 32 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 33 unidentifiable unidentifiable JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 37 34 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 1 The the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 2 second second JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 3 element element NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 4 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 5 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 6 simulation simulation NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 7 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 8 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 9 determine determine VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 10 who who WP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 11 gets get VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 12 infected infect VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 13 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 14 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 15 source source NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 16 case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 17 chosen choose VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 18 representatively representatively RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 19 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 20 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 21 survey survey NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 22 respondents respondent NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 38 23 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 1 This this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 2 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 3 process process NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 4 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 5 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 6 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 7 accounting account VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 8 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 9 both both CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 10 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 11 time time NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 12 spent spend VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 13 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 14 each each DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 15 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 16 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 17 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 18 infectivity infectivity NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 19 on on IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 20 each each DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 21 day day NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 23 see see VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 24 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 39 26 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 1 Taken take VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 2 together together RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 3 these these DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 4 two two CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 5 predictions prediction NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 6 allow allow VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 7 us -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 8 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 9 bound bound VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 10 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 11 efficacy efficacy NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 12 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 13 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 14 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 40 15 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 1 One one CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 2 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 3 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 4 most most RBS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 5 notable notable JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 6 features feature NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 7 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 8 human human JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 9 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 10 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 11 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 12 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 13 huge huge JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 14 variability variability NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 15 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 16 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 17 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 18 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 19 strength strength NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 20 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 21 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 22 -which -which WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 23 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 24 reflected reflect VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 25 as as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 26 variation variation NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 27 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 28 both both CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 29 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 30 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 31 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 32 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 33 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 34 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 35 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 36 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 37 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 38 individuals individual NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 39 that that WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 40 match match VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 41 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 42 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 43 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 44 tracing trace VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 45 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 47 figure figure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 48 2 2 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 41 50 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 1 Using use VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 2 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 3 estimates estimate NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 4 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 5 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 6 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 8 average average JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 9 latent latent JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 10 period period NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 11 4 4 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 12 days day NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 13 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 14 average average JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 15 effective effective JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 16 infectious infectious JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 17 period period NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 18 1.61 1.61 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 19 days day NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 20 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 21 R r NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 22 0 0 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 23 = = SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 24 3.11 3.11 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 25 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 26 assuming assume VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 27 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 28 simple simple JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 29 SEIR seir NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 30 formulation formulation NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 42 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 1 Read read VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 2 et et NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 3 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 4 2020 2020 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 8 compute compute VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 9 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 10 distribution distribution NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 11 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 12 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 13 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 14 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 15 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 16 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 17 tracing trace VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 18 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 19 across across IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 20 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 21 population population NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 43 22 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 1 Extrapolating extrapolate VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 2 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 3 data datum NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 4 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 5 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 6 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 7 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 8 survey survey NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 9 suggests suggest VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 10 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 11 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 12 average average JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 13 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 14 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 15 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 16 over over IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 17 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 18 14 14 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 19 day day NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 20 period period NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 21 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 22 217 217 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 23 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 24 although although IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 25 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 26 distribution distribution NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 27 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 28 significantly significantly RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 29 over over RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 30 dispersed disperse VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 32 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 33 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 34 median median NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 35 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 36 90 90 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 37 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 38 around around IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 39 3 3 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 40 % % NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 41 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 42 individuals individual NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 43 having have VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 44 > > SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 45 1,000 1,000 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 46 total total JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 47 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 44 49 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 1 Of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 2 these these DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 3 total total JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 4 encounters encounter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 5 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 6 an an DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 7 average average NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 8 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 9 59 59 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 10 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 12 27 27 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 13 % % NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 15 meet meet VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 16 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 17 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 18 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 19 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 20 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 21 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 22 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 24 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 25 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 26 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 27 > > XX cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 28 15 15 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 29 minutes minute NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 30 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 31 PHE PHE NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 32 2020 2020 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 34 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 35 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 36 these these DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 37 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 38 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 39 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 40 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 41 predict predict VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 42 an an DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 43 average average NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 44 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 45 36 36 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 47 61 61 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 48 % % NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 50 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 51 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 52 individuals individual NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 53 known know VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 54 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 55 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 56 infected infected JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 57 case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 58 that that WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 59 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 60 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 61 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 45 62 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 2 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 3 simply simply RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 4 considering consider VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 5 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 6 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 7 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 9 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 10 clear clear JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 11 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 12 there there EX cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 13 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 14 very very RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 15 many many JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 16 short short JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 17 duration duration NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 18 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 19 which which WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 20 do do VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 21 not not RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 22 meet meet VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 23 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 24 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 25 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 26 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 27 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 28 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 29 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 30 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 31 although although IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 32 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 33 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 34 become become VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 35 infected infected JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 36 may may MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 37 pose pose VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 38 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 39 risk risk NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 40 due due IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 41 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 42 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 43 greater great JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 44 abundance abundance NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 46 45 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 1 Given give VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 2 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 3 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 4 risk risk NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 5 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 6 infection infection NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 7 increases increase VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 8 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 9 duration duration NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 10 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 11 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 12 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 13 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 14 distribution distribution NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 15 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 16 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 17 effectively effectively RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 18 represents represent VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 19 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 20 biased biased JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 21 sample sample NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 22 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 23 all all DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 24 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 47 25 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 1 As as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 2 expected expect VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 3 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 4 given give VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 5 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 6 model model NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 7 assumptions assumption NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 8 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 9 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 10 expected expect VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 11 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 12 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 13 total total JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 14 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 15 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 16 agrees agree VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 17 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 18 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 19 assumed assumed JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 20 R r NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 21 0 0 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 23 mean=3.11 mean=3.11 NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 24 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 25 median=2 median=2 NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 26 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 27 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 28 95th 95th JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 29 percentiles percentile NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 30 0 0 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 31 - - SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 32 10 10 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 48 34 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 1 Given give VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 2 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 3 these these DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 4 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 5 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 6 most most RBS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 7 likely likely JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 8 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 9 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 10 those those DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 11 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 12 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 13 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 14 longest long JJS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 15 duration duration NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 16 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 18 predict predict VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 19 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 20 95 95 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 21 % % NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 22 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 23 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 24 match match VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 25 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 26 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 27 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 28 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 29 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 30 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 49 31 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 1 However however RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 2 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 3 not not RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 4 all all DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 5 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 6 these these DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 7 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 8 will will MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 9 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 10 identifiable identifiable JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 11 ; ; : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 12 assuming assume VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 13 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 14 all all DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 15 repeated repeat VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 16 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 17 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 18 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 19 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 20 longer long JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 21 than than IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 22 1 1 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 23 hour hour NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 24 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 25 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 26 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 27 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 28 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 29 predict predict VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 30 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 31 93 93 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 32 % % NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 33 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 34 all all DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 35 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 36 meet meet VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 37 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 38 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 39 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 40 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 41 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 42 identified identify VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 50 43 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 1 However however RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 2 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 3 because because IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 4 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 5 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 6 extreme extreme JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 7 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 8 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 9 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 10 between between IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 11 individuals individual NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 12 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 13 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 14 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 15 nature nature NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 16 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 17 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 18 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 19 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 20 would would MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 21 still still RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 22 expect expect VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 23 15 15 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 24 % % NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 25 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 26 all all DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 27 primary primary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 28 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 29 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 30 generate generate VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 31 at at RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 32 least least RBS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 33 one one CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 34 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 35 case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 36 that that WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 37 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 38 not not RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 39 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 40 identified identify VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 51 41 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 1 Aggregating aggregate VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 2 across across IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 3 all all DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 4 individuals individual NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 5 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 6 under under IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 7 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 8 optimistic optimistic JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 9 assumption assumption NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 10 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 11 all all PDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 12 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 13 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 14 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 15 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 16 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 17 performed perform VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 18 rapidly rapidly RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 19 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 20 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 21 expect expect VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 22 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 23 tracing trace VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 24 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 25 reduce reduce VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 26 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 27 basic basic JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 28 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 29 ratio ratio NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 30 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 31 3.11 3.11 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 32 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 33 0.21 0.21 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 52 34 -enabling -enabling NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 53 1 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 53 2 outbreak outbreak NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 53 3 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 53 4 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 53 5 contained contain VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 53 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 53 7 figure figure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 53 8 2 2 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 53 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 53 10 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 53 11 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 54 1 CC CC NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 54 2 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 54 3 BY BY NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 54 4 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 54 5 NC NC NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 54 6 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 54 7 ND ND NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 54 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 54 9 International international JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 54 10 license license NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 55 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 55 2 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 55 3 made make VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 55 4 available available JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 55 5 under under IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 55 6 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 1 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 2 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 3 author author NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 4 / / SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 5 funder funder NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 6 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 7 who who WP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 8 has have VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 9 granted grant VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 11 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 12 license license NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 13 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 14 display display VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 15 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 16 preprint preprint NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 17 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 56 19 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 57 1 The the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 57 2 copyright copyright NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 57 3 holder holder NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 57 4 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 57 5 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 57 6 preprint preprint NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 57 7 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 1 Rapid rapid JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 2 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 3 effective effective JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 4 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 5 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 6 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 7 therefore therefore RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 8 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 9 highly highly RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 10 effective effective JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 11 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 12 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 13 early early JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 14 control control NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 15 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 16 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 17 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 18 but but CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 19 places place VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 20 substantial substantial JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 21 demands demand NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 22 on on IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 23 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 24 local local JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 25 public public JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 26 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 27 health health NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 28 authorities authority NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 58 29 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 1 Each each DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 2 new new JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 3 case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 4 requires require VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 5 an an DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 6 average average NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 7 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 8 36 36 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 9 individuals individual NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 10 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 11 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 12 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 13 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 14 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 15 8.7 8.7 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 16 % % NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 17 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 18 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 19 having have VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 20 more more JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 21 than than IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 22 100 100 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 23 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 24 traceable traceable JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 25 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 27 figure figure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 28 2 2 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 59 30 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 60 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 60 2 therefore therefore RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 60 3 consider consider VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 60 4 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 60 5 implications implication NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 60 6 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 60 7 changing change VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 60 8 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 60 9 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 60 10 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 60 11 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 60 12 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 60 13 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 60 14 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 1 Clearly clearly RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 2 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 3 more more RBR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 4 strict strict JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 5 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 6 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 7 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 8 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 9 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 11 requiring require VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 12 more more JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 13 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 14 time time NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 16 reduces reduce VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 17 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 18 burden burden NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 19 on on IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 20 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 21 health health NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 22 services service NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 23 as as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 24 fewer few JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 25 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 26 need need VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 27 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 28 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 29 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 30 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 31 but but CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 32 also also RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 33 increases increase VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 34 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 35 risk risk NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 36 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 37 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 38 being be VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 39 missed miss VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 61 40 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 62 1 Figure figure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 62 2 3 3 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 62 3 provides provide VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 62 4 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 62 5 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 62 6 assessment assessment NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 62 7 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 62 8 changes change NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 62 9 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 62 10 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 62 11 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 62 12 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 62 13 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 62 14 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 1 Definitions definition NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 2 requiring require VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 3 more more JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 4 than than IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 5 four four CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 6 hours hour NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 7 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 8 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 9 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 10 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 11 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 12 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 13 control control VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 14 an an DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 15 outbreak outbreak NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 16 as as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 17 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 18 expected expect VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 19 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 20 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 21 untraced untraced JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 22 secondly secondly RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 23 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 24 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 25 greater great JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 26 than than IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 27 one one CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 63 28 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 64 1 This this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 64 2 therefore therefore RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 64 3 places place VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 64 4 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 64 5 strict strict JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 64 6 bound bind VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 64 7 on on IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 64 8 level level NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 64 9 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 64 10 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 64 11 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 64 12 required require VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 64 13 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 1 The the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 2 added add VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 3 benefit benefit NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 4 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 5 definitions definition NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 6 shorter short JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 7 than than IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 8 1 1 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 9 hour hour NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 10 has have VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 11 relatively relatively RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 12 little little JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 13 impact impact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 14 on on IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 15 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 16 mean mean JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 17 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 18 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 19 untraced untraced JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 20 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 22 figure figure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 23 3b 3b CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 25 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 26 but but CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 27 does do VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 28 reduce reduce VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 29 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 30 probability probability NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 31 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 32 some some DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 33 untraced untraced JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 34 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 35 occur occur VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 65 36 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 1 Throughout throughout IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 3 have have VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 4 used use VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 5 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 6 value value NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 7 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 8 R r NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 9 0 0 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 10 that that WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 11 represents represent VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 12 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 13 population population NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 14 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 15 level level NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 16 average average NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 17 once once IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 18 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 19 local local JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 20 infection infection NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 21 has have VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 22 become become VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 23 established establish VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 66 24 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 1 However however RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 2 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 3 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 4 first first JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 5 invasion invasion NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 6 into into IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 7 any any DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 8 new new JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 9 population population NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 10 or or CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 11 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 12 setting setting NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 13 generally generally RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 14 has have VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 15 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 16 larger large JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 17 expected expect VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 18 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 19 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 20 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 21 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 67 22 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 1 The the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 2 first first JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 3 invader invader NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 4 enters enter VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 5 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 6 completely completely RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 7 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 8 population population NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 9 ; ; : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 10 moreover moreover RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 11 all all PDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 13 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 14 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 16 eg eg IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 17 family family NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 18 members member NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 20 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 21 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 68 22 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 1 In in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 2 contrast contrast NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 3 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 4 due due IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 5 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 6 clustering clustering NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 7 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 8 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 9 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 10 most most JJS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 11 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 12 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 13 will will MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 14 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 15 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 16 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 17 landscape landscape NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 18 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 19 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 20 depleted deplete VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 21 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 22 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 23 susceptibles susceptible NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 69 24 -as -as ADD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 1 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 2 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 3 such such JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 4 as as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 5 family family NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 6 members member NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 7 will will MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 8 already already RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 9 have have VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 10 been be VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 11 exposed expose VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 12 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 13 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 14 primary primary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 15 case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 70 16 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 1 This this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 2 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 3 depletion depletion NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 4 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 5 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 6 local local JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 7 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 8 network network NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 9 may may MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 10 help help VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 11 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 12 explain explain VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 13 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 14 change change NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 15 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 16 R r NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 17 t t NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 18 over over IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 19 time time NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 20 reported report VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 21 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 71 22 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 72 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 72 2 Yang Yang NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 72 3 et et NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 72 4 al al NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 72 5 2020 2020 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 72 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 72 7 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 2 therefore therefore RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 3 consider consider VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 4 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 5 impact impact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 6 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 7 different different JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 8 values value NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 9 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 10 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 11 initial initial JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 12 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 13 ratio ratio NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 15 figure figure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 16 4 4 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 18 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 19 which which WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 20 could could MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 21 capture capture VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 22 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 23 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 24 aspect aspect NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 25 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 26 or or CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 27 could could MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 28 represent represent VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 29 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 30 between between IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 31 individuals individual NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 32 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 33 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 34 amount amount NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 35 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 36 virus virus NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 37 shed shed VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 38 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 39 or or CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 40 could could MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 41 inform inform VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 42 about about IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 43 innate innate JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 44 differences difference NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 45 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 46 behaviour behaviour NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 47 between between IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 48 China China NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 49 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 50 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 51 UK UK NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 73 52 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 1 Given give VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 2 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 3 strong strong JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 4 biasing biasing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 5 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 6 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 7 towards towards IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 8 long long JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 9 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 10 duration duration NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 11 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 12 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 13 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 14 impact impact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 15 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 16 varying vary VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 17 initial initial JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 18 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 19 ratio ratio NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 20 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 21 less less RBR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 22 extreme extreme JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 23 than than IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 24 might may MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 25 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 26 expected expect VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 27 ; ; : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 29 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 30 only only RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 31 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 32 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 33 highest high JJS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 34 values value NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 35 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 36 initial initial JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 37 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 38 ratio ratio NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 39 simulated simulate VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 74 41 > > XX cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 1 9.8 9.8 LS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 3 that that WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 4 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 5 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 6 fails fail VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 7 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 8 find find VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 9 more more JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 10 than than IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 11 one one CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 12 case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 13 such such JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 14 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 15 infection infection NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 16 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 17 escape escape VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 75 18 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 1 Mathematical mathematical JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 2 models model NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 3 have have VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 4 an an DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 5 important important JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 6 role role NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 7 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 8 play play VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 9 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 10 preparedness preparedness NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 11 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 12 novel novel JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 13 infectious infectious JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 14 diseases disease NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 15 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 16 allowing allow VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 17 policy policy NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 18 makers maker NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 19 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 20 plan plan VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 21 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 22 potential potential JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 23 public public JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 24 health health NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 25 scenarios scenario NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 26 before before IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 27 they -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 28 arise arise VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 76 29 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 1 However however RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 2 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 3 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 4 such such JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 5 scenarios scenario NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 6 reliable reliable JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 7 data datum NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 8 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 9 often often RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 10 limited limit VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 11 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 12 so so IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 13 predictions prediction NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 14 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 15 long long JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 16 term term NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 17 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 18 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 19 generally generally RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 20 associated associate VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 21 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 22 wide wide JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 23 confidence confidence NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 24 intervals interval NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 77 25 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 1 In in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 2 contrast contrast NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 3 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 4 while while IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 5 short short JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 6 term term NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 7 predictions prediction NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 8 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 9 subject subject JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 10 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 11 greater great JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 12 stochasticity stochasticity NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 13 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 14 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 15 distribution distribution NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 16 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 17 possible possible JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 18 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 19 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 20 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 21 readily readily RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 22 captured capture VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 78 23 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 1 Here here RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 3 have have VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 4 investigated investigate VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 5 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 6 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 7 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 8 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 9 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 10 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 11 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 12 pathogen pathogen NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 13 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 14 using use VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 15 2019 2019 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 16 novel novel JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 17 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 19 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 21 as as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 22 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 23 example example NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 24 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 25 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 26 considered consider VBD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 27 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 28 efficacy efficacy NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 29 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 30 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 31 tracing trace VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 32 as as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 33 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 34 control control NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 35 measure measure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 79 36 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 1 This this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 2 work work NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 3 brings bring VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 4 together together RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 5 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 6 detailed detailed JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 7 survey survey NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 8 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 9 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 10 encounters encounter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 11 together together RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 12 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 13 bespoke bespoke JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 14 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 15 modelling modelling NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 16 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 17 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 18 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 19 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 20 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 21 processes process NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 80 22 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 1 Given give VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 2 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 3 huge huge JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 4 heterogeneties heterogenetie NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 5 present present JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 6 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 7 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 8 encounters encounter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 10 both both DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 11 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 12 terms term NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 13 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 14 duration duration NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 15 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 16 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 18 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 19 models model NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 20 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 21 vital vital JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 22 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 23 interpret interpret VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 24 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 25 interplay interplay NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 26 between between IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 27 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 28 low low JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 29 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 30 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 31 high high JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 32 risk risk NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 33 encounters encounter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 35 e.g. e.g. RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 36 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 37 household household NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 38 members member NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 40 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 41 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 42 high high JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 43 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 44 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 45 low low JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 46 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 47 risk risk NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 48 less less RBR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 49 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 50 identifiable identifiable JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 51 encounters encounter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 53 e.g. e.g. RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 54 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 55 commuters commuter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 56 or or CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 57 retail retail JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 58 customers customer NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 81 60 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 1 The the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 2 UK UK NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 3 currently currently RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 4 defines define VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 5 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 6 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 7 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 8 as as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 9 15 15 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 10 minutes minute NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 11 within within IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 12 2 2 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 13 meters meter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 14 over over IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 15 two two CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 16 weeks week NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 17 before before IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 18 detection detection NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 20 PHE PHE NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 21 2020 2020 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 82 23 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 1 Under under IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 2 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 3 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 4 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 5 there there EX cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 6 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 7 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 8 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 9 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 10 many many JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 11 untraced untraced JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 12 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 13 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 14 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 15 although although IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 16 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 17 burden burden NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 18 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 19 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 20 could could MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 21 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 22 large large JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 83 23 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 1 Relaxing relax VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 2 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 3 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 4 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 5 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 6 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 8 such such JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 9 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 10 longer long JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 11 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 12 durations duration NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 13 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 14 needed need VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 16 lessens lessen VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 17 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 18 burden burden NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 19 but but CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 20 at at IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 21 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 22 greater great JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 23 risk risk NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 24 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 25 undetected undetected JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 26 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 28 Figure figure VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 29 _SP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 30 3 3 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 84 32 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 1 Surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 2 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 3 small small JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 4 changes change NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 5 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 6 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 7 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 8 ratio ratio NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 9 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 10 within within IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 11 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 12 bounds bound NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 13 estimated estimate VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 14 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 15 early early JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 16 data datum NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 18 Figure figure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 19 4 4 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 21 or or CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 22 even even RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 23 changes change NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 24 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 25 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 26 distribution distribution NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 27 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 28 infectivity infectivity NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 29 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 30 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 31 predicted predict VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 32 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 33 have have VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 34 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 35 relatively relatively RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 36 modest modest JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 37 impact impact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 38 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 39 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 40 success success NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 41 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 42 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 43 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 44 illustrating illustrate VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 45 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 46 robustness robustness NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 47 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 48 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 49 control control NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 50 measure measure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 85 51 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 2 model model NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 3 has have VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 4 addressed address VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 5 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 6 simple simple JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 7 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 8 optimistic optimistic JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 9 question question NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 10 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 11 whether whether IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 12 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 13 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 14 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 15 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 16 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 17 identify identify VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 18 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 19 infections infection NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 86 20 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 1 The the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 2 public public JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 3 health health NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 4 implications implication NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 5 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 6 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 7 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 8 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 9 more more RBR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 10 complex complex JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 11 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 12 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 13 depend depend VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 14 on on IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 15 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 16 relative relative JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 17 timing timing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 18 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 19 events event NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 20 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 21 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 22 treatment treatment NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 23 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 24 identified identify VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 25 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 87 26 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 1 For for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 2 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 3 tracing trace VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 4 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 5 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 6 an an DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 7 effective effective JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 8 public public JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 9 health health NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 10 measure measure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 11 requires require VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 12 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 13 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 14 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 15 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 16 discovered discover VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 17 before before IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 19 become become VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 20 infectious infectious JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 21 ; ; : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 22 hence hence RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 23 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 24 time time NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 25 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 26 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 27 primary primary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 28 case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 29 becoming become VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 30 infectious infectious JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 31 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 32 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 33 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 34 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 35 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 36 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 37 needs need VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 38 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 39 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 40 shorter short JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 41 than than IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 42 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 43 incubation incubation NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 44 period period NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 88 45 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 1 Longer long JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 2 time time NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 3 scales scale NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 4 would would MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 5 allow allow VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 6 tertiary tertiary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 7 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 8 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 9 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 10 infected infect VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 11 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 12 would would MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 13 snowball snowball VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 14 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 15 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 16 process process NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 89 17 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 1 In in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 2 addition addition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 3 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 4 those those DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 5 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 6 that that WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 7 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 8 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 9 either either CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 10 need need NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 11 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 12 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 13 effectively effectively RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 14 screened screen VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 15 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 16 infection infection NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 17 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 18 quarantined quarantine VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 19 or or CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 20 otherwise otherwise RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 21 isolated isolate VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 22 so so IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 23 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 25 do do VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 26 not not RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 27 pose pose VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 28 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 29 risk risk NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 30 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 31 others other NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 90 32 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 2 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 3 while while IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 4 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 5 tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 6 has have VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 7 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 8 potential potential NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 9 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 10 control control VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 11 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 13 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 14 other other JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 15 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 16 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 17 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 18 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 91 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 1 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 2 ultimate ultimate JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 3 success success NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 4 relies rely VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 5 on on IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 6 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 7 speed speed NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 8 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 9 efficacy efficacy NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 10 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 11 which which WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 12 suspect suspect NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 13 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 14 can can MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 15 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 16 contained contain VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 92 17 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 93 1 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 93 2 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 93 3 positioned position VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 93 4 by by IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 93 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 93 6 total total JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 93 7 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 93 8 duration duration NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 93 9 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 1 Here here RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 2 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 3 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 4 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 5 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 6 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 7 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 8 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 9 someone someone NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 10 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 11 whom whom WP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 12 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 13 index index NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 14 case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 15 encountered encounter VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 16 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 17 15 15 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 18 minutes minute NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 19 or or CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 20 longer long JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 94 21 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 1 Some some DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 2 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 3 will will MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 4 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 5 identifiable identifiable JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 7 green green JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 9 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 10 while while IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 11 others other NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 12 will will MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 13 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 14 unidentifiable unidentifiable JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 16 orange orange NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 95 18 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 1 A a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 2 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 3 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 4 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 5 that that WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 6 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 7 too too RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 8 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 9 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 10 inappropriate inappropriate JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 11 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 12 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 13 infection infection NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 14 means mean VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 15 some some DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 16 encounters encounter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 17 may may MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 18 fail fail VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 19 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 20 meet meet VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 21 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 22 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 23 yet yet RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 24 may may MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 25 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 26 at at IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 27 risk risk NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 28 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 29 infection infection NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 30 ; ; : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 31 these these DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 32 excluded exclude VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 33 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 34 could could MD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 35 be be VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 36 identifiable identifiable JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 38 light light JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 39 grey grey NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 41 or or CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 42 unidentifiable unidentifiable JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 44 orange orange NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 96 46 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 97 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 97 2 b b NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 97 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 97 4 Examples example NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 97 5 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 97 6 ego ego JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 97 7 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 97 8 centric centric NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 97 9 networks network NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 97 10 collected collect VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 97 11 by by IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 97 12 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 97 13 survey survey NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 97 14 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 1 The the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 2 participant participant NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 4 ego ego NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 6 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 7 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 8 blue blue JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 9 central central JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 10 triangle triangle NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 11 ; ; : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 12 circles circle NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 13 represent represent VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 14 individual individual JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 15 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 16 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 17 squares square NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 18 represent represent VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 19 groups group NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 20 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 21 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 23 size size NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 24 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 25 group group NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 26 indicated indicate VBD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 98 28 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 1 Colours colour NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 2 represent represent VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 3 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 4 settings setting NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 5 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 6 encounters encounter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 8 red red NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 9 = = SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 10 home home NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 11 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 12 cyan cyan NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 13 = = SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 14 work work NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 15 / / SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 16 school school NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 17 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 18 yellow yellow NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 19 = = SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 20 travel travel NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 21 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 22 pink pink JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 23 = = SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 24 other other JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 99 26 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 1 Larger large JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 2 symbol symbol NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 3 sizes size NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 4 represent represent VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 5 longer long JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 6 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 7 durations duration NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 8 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 9 while while IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 10 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 11 closer close JJR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 12 proximity proximity NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 13 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 14 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 15 ego ego NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 16 indicates indicate VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 17 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 18 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 19 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 20 more more RBR cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 21 frequently frequently RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 22 encountered encounter VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 23 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 100 24 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 101 1 CC CC NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 101 2 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 101 3 BY BY NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 101 4 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 101 5 NC NC NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 101 6 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 101 7 ND ND NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 101 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 101 9 International international JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 101 10 license license NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 102 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 102 2 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 102 3 made make VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 102 4 available available JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 102 5 under under IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 102 6 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 1 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 2 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 3 author author NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 4 / / SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 5 funder funder NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 6 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 7 who who WP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 8 has have VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 9 granted grant VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 11 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 12 license license NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 13 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 14 display display VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 15 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 16 preprint preprint NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 17 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 103 19 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 104 1 The the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 104 2 copyright copyright NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 104 3 holder holder NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 104 4 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 104 5 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 104 6 preprint preprint NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 104 7 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 105 1 FIGURE figure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 105 2 3 3 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 105 3 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 106 1 Impact impact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 106 2 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 106 3 different different JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 106 4 assumptions assumption NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 106 5 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 106 6 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 106 7 definition definition NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 106 8 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 106 9 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 106 10 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 106 11 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 106 12 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 106 13 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 2 a a LS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 4 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 5 total total JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 6 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 7 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 8 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 9 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 11 b b NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 13 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 14 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 15 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 16 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 17 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 18 that that WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 19 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 20 not not RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 21 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 23 c c NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 25 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 26 probability probability NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 27 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 28 at at RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 29 least least RBS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 30 one one CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 31 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 32 case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 33 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 34 not not RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 35 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 107 36 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 1 For for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 3 a a LS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 5 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 7 b b LS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 9 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 10 crosses crosse NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 11 mark mark VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 12 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 13 mean mean JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 14 value value NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 15 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 16 boxes box NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 17 contain contain VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 18 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 19 50th 50th JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 20 percentiles percentile NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 21 while while IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 22 bars bar NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 23 contact contact VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 24 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 25 95th 95th JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 26 percentiles percentile NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 27 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 28 colours colour NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 29 correspond correspond VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 30 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 31 those those DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 32 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 33 Figure Figure NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 34 1a 1a NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 35 - - : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 36 Prob Prob NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 37 at at RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 38 least least JJS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 39 one one CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 40 Untraced Untraced NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 41 Case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 108 42 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 109 1 CC CC NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 109 2 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 109 3 BY BY NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 109 4 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 109 5 NC NC NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 109 6 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 109 7 ND ND NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 109 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 109 9 International international JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 109 10 license license NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 110 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 110 2 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 110 3 made make VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 110 4 available available JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 110 5 under under IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 110 6 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 1 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 2 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 3 author author NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 4 / / SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 5 funder funder NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 6 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 7 who who WP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 8 has have VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 9 granted grant VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 11 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 12 license license NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 13 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 14 display display VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 15 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 16 preprint preprint NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 17 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 111 19 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 112 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 112 2 which which WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 112 3 was be VBD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 112 4 not not RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 112 5 peer peer NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 112 6 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 112 7 reviewed review VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 112 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 113 1 The the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 113 2 copyright copyright NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 113 3 holder holder NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 113 4 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 113 5 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 113 6 preprint preprint NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 113 7 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 114 1 FIGURE figure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 114 2 4 4 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 114 3 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 1 Impact impact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 2 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 3 different different JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 4 values value NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 5 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 6 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 7 initial initial JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 8 reproduction reproduction NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 9 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 10 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 11 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 12 primary primary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 13 case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 14 ; ; : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 15 changing change VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 16 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 17 does do VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 18 not not RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 19 affect affect VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 20 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 21 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 22 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 23 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 24 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 25 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 27 a a NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 115 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 1 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 2 number number NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 3 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 4 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 5 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 6 that that WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 7 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 8 not not RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 9 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 11 b b NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 13 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 14 probability probability NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 15 that that IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 16 at at RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 17 least least RBS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 18 one one CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 19 secondary secondary JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 20 case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 21 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 22 not not RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 23 traced trace VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 116 24 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 1 For for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 3 a a LS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 5 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 6 crosses crosse NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 7 mark mark VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 8 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 9 mean mean JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 10 value value NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 11 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 12 boxes box NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 13 contain contain VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 14 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 15 50th 50th JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 16 percentiles percentile NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 17 while while IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 18 bars bar NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 19 contact contact VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 20 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 21 95th 95th JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 22 percentiles percentile NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 23 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 24 colours colour NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 25 correspond correspond VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 26 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 27 those those DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 28 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 29 Figure figure NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 30 1a 1a CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 31 -distributions -distribution NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 32 are be VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 33 across across IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 34 all all DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 35 respondents respondent NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 36 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 37 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 38 survey survey NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 39 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 40 across across IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 41 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 42 realisations realisation NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 117 43 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 2 Based base VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 3 on on IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 4 an an DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 5 SEIR seir JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 6 model model NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 7 with with IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 8 latent latent JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 9 period period NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 10 4 4 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 11 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 12 infectious infectious JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 13 period period NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 14 1.61 1.61 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 15 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 16 R r NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 17 0 0 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 18 = = SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 19 3.11 3.11 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 118 21 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 119 1 Prob prob RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 119 2 at at RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 119 3 least least RBS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 119 4 one one CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 119 5 untraced untraced JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 119 6 case case NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 119 7 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 120 1 CC CC NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 120 2 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 120 3 BY BY NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 120 4 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 120 5 NC NC NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 120 6 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 120 7 ND ND NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 120 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 120 9 International international JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 120 10 license license NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 121 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 121 2 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 121 3 made make VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 121 4 available available JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 121 5 under under IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 121 6 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 1 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 2 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 3 author author NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 4 / / SYM cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 5 funder funder NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 6 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 7 who who WP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 8 has have VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 9 granted grant VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 11 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 12 license license NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 13 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 14 display display VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 15 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 16 preprint preprint NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 17 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 122 19 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 123 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 123 2 which which WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 123 3 was be VBD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 123 4 not not RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 123 5 peer peer NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 123 6 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 123 7 reviewed review VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 123 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 124 1 The the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 124 2 copyright copyright NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 124 3 holder holder NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 124 4 for for IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 124 5 this this DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 124 6 preprint preprint NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 124 7 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 125 1 https://doi.org/10 https://doi.org/10 NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 125 2 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 1 1101 1101 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 2 _SP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 3 Effectiveness Effectiveness NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 4 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 5 workplace workplace NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 6 social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 7 distancing distance VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 8 measures measure NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 9 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 10 reducing reduce VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 11 influenza influenza NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 12 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 13 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 14 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 15 systematic systematic JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 16 review review NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 17 Lack lack NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 18 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 19 Secondary Secondary NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 20 Transmission Transmission NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 21 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 22 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 23 Virus Virus NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 24 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 25 Healthcare Healthcare NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 26 Worker Worker NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 27 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 28 238 238 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 29 Contacts Contacts NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 30 Social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 31 encounter encounter NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 32 networks network NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 33 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 34 collective collective JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 35 properties property NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 36 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 37 disease disease NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 38 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 39 Social social JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 40 encounter encounter NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 41 networks network NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 42 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 43 characterizing characterize VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 44 Great Great NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 45 Britain Britain NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 46 Factors Factors NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 47 that that WDT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 48 make make VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 49 an an DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 50 infectious infectious JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 51 disease disease NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 52 outbreak outbreak NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 53 controllable controllable JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 54 A a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 55 Systematic Systematic NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 56 Review Review NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 57 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 58 Social Social NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 59 Contact Contact NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 60 Surveys Surveys NNPS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 61 to to TO cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 62 Inform inform VB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 63 Transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 64 Models Models NNPS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 65 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 66 Closecontact Closecontact NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 126 67 Infections Infections NNPS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 127 1 What what WP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 127 2 's be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 127 3 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 127 4 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 127 5 crowd crowd NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 127 6 ? ? . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 2 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 3 face face NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 4 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 5 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 6 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 7 face face NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 8 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 9 networks network NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 10 Epidemic epidemic NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 11 Models model NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 12 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 13 Contact Contact NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 14 Tracing tracing NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 15 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 16 Systematic systematic JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 17 Review Review NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 18 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 19 Transmission Transmission NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 20 Studies Studies NNPS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 21 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 22 Severe severe JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 23 Acute acute JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 24 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 25 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 26 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 27 Middle Middle NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 28 East East NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 29 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 30 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 128 31 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 129 1 Computational computational JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 129 2 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 129 3 structural structural JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 129 4 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 129 5 journal journal NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 1 Early early JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 2 Transmission Transmission NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 3 Dynamics Dynamics NNPS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 4 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 5 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 6 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 7 China China NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 8 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 9 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 10 Novel Novel NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 11 Coronaviurs Coronaviurs NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 12 - - HYPH cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 13 Infected infected JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 14 Pneumonia Pneumonia NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 15 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 17 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 130 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 1 2009 2009 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 2 influenza influenza NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 3 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 4 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 5 UK UK NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 6 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 7 clinical clinical JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 8 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 9 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 10 findings finding NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 11 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 12 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 13 first first JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 14 few few JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 15 hundred hundred CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 17 FF100 FF100 NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 19 cases case NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 131 20 . . . cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 1 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 2 & & CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 3 Infection Infection NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 4 Social Social NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 5 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 6 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 7 mixing mix VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 8 patterns pattern NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 9 relevant relevant JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 10 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 11 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 12 spread spread NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 13 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 14 infectious infectious JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 132 15 diseases disease NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 133 1 Novel novel JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 133 2 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 133 3 2019-nCoV 2019-ncov CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 133 4 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 1 early early JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 2 estimation estimation NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 3 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 4 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 5 parameters parameter NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 6 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 7 epidemic epidemic NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 8 predictions prediction NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 9 From from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 10 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 11 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 12 tracing trace VBG cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 13 data datum NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 14 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 15 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 16 extrapolate extrapolate VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 17 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 18 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 19 estimate estimate NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 20 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 21 duration duration NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 22 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 23 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 24 " " '' cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 25 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 26 $ $ $ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 27 % % NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 28 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 29 between between IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 30 individual individual NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 31 i i PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 33 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 34 respondent respondent NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 36 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 37 individual individual JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 38 j j NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 40 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 41 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 43 on on IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 134 44 day day NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 135 1 d. d. NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 2 then then RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 3 define define VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 4 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 5 close close JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 6 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 7 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 8 i i PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 9 as as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 10 all all DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 11 contacts contact NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 12 j j NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 13 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 14 where where WRB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 15 in in IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 16 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 17 UK UK NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 18 , , , cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 19 we -PRON- PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 20 have have VBP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 21 defined define VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 22 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 23 total total JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 24 contact contact NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 25 time time NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 26 T T NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 27 as as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 28 15 15 CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 29 minutes minute NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 30 over over IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 31 a a DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 32 duration duration NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 33 D d NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 34 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 35 two two CD cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 36 weeks week NNS cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 37 before before IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 38 detection detection NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 39 and and CC cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 40 isolation isolation NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 41 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 42 individual individual NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 43 i i PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 136 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 137 1 PHE PHE NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 137 2 2020).The 2020).The NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 137 3 probability probability NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 137 4 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 137 5 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 137 6 to to IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 137 7 individual individual NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 137 8 j j NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 137 9 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 137 10 individual individual JJ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 1 i i PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 2 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 3 then then RB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 4 calculated calculate VBN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 5 as as IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 6 : : : cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 7 Where where WRB cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 8 $ $ $ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 9 is be VBZ cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 10 an an DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 11 estimate estimate NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 12 of of IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 13 the the DT cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 14 transmission transmission NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 15 rate rate NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 16 from from IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 17 individual individual NN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 18 i i PRP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 19 on on IN cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 20 day day NNP cord-257801-rgzmpoxv 138 21 d. d. NNP