id sid tid token lemma pos cord-000282-phepjf55 1 1 key key NN cord-000282-phepjf55 1 2 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 2 1 cord-000282-phepjf55 cord-000282-phepjf55 PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 2 2 authors author NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 2 3 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 2 4 Hsieh Hsieh NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 2 5 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 2 6 Ying Ying NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 2 7 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 2 8 Hen Hen NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 2 9 ; ; : cord-000282-phepjf55 2 10 Fisman Fisman NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 2 11 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 2 12 David David NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 2 13 N N NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 2 14 ; ; : cord-000282-phepjf55 2 15 Wu Wu NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 2 16 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 2 17 Jianhong Jianhong NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 2 18 title title NN cord-000282-phepjf55 2 19 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 3 1 On on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 3 2 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 3 3 modeling modeling NN cord-000282-phepjf55 3 4 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 3 5 real real JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 3 6 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 3 7 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 3 8 An an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 3 9 application application NN cord-000282-phepjf55 3 10 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 3 11 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 3 12 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 3 13 Novel Novel NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 3 14 A A NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 3 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 3 16 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 3 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 3 18 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 3 19 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 3 20 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 3 21 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 3 22 date date NN cord-000282-phepjf55 3 23 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 3 24 2010 2010 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 3 25 - - SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 3 26 11 11 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 3 27 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 3 28 05 05 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 3 29 journal journal NN cord-000282-phepjf55 3 30 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 4 1 BMC BMC NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 4 2 Res Res NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 4 3 Notes Notes NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 4 4 DOI doi NN cord-000282-phepjf55 4 5 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 4 6 10.1186/1756 10.1186/1756 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 4 7 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 4 8 0500 0500 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 4 9 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 4 10 3 3 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 4 11 - - SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 4 12 283 283 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 4 13 sha sha NN cord-000282-phepjf55 4 14 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 4 15 23372fae9cc1e03d11351e3ddb52036e1d378c40 23372fae9cc1e03d11351e3ddb52036e1d378c40 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 4 16 doc_id doc_id CD cord-000282-phepjf55 4 17 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 4 18 282 282 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 4 19 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 4 20 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 4 21 phepjf55 phepjf55 NN cord-000282-phepjf55 4 22 BACKGROUND background NN cord-000282-phepjf55 4 23 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 5 1 Management management NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 2 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 3 emerging emerge VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 5 4 infectious infectious JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 5 5 diseases disease NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 5 6 such such JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 5 7 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 8 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 5 9 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 5 10 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 11 pandemic pandemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 12 A A NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 5 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 5 14 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 5 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 5 16 poses pose VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 5 17 great great JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 5 18 challenges challenge NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 5 19 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 20 real real JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 5 21 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 5 22 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 23 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 5 24 modeling modeling NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 25 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 26 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 27 transmission transmission NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 28 due due JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 5 29 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 30 limited limited JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 5 31 information information NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 32 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 33 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 34 natural natural JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 5 35 history history NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 36 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 5 37 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 38 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 5 39 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 5 40 variation variation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 41 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 42 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 5 43 course course NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 44 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 45 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 5 46 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 5 47 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 5 48 changing change VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 5 49 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 50 definitions definition NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 5 51 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 5 52 surveillance surveillance NN cord-000282-phepjf55 5 53 practices practice NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 5 54 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 6 1 FINDINGS finding NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 6 2 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 7 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 7 2 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 7 3 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 7 4 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 7 5 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 7 6 variants variant NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 7 7 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 7 8 used use VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 7 9 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 7 10 fit fit VB cord-000282-phepjf55 7 11 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 7 12 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 7 13 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 7 14 curve curve NN cord-000282-phepjf55 7 15 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 7 16 laboratory laboratory NN cord-000282-phepjf55 7 17 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 7 18 confirmed confirm VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 7 19 pandemic pandemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 7 20 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 7 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 7 22 pH1N1 pH1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 7 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 7 24 infections infection NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 7 25 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 7 26 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 7 27 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 7 28 made make VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 7 29 available available JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 7 30 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 7 31 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 7 32 Public Public NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 7 33 Health Health NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 7 34 Agency Agency NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 7 35 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 7 36 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 7 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 7 38 PHAC PHAC NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 7 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 7 40 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 8 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 8 2 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 8 3 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 8 4 used use VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 8 5 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 8 6 obtain obtain VB cord-000282-phepjf55 8 7 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 8 8 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 8 9 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 8 10 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 8 11 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 8 12 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 8 13 initial initial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 8 14 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 8 15 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 8 16 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 8 17 basic basic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 8 18 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 8 19 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 8 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 8 21 R(0 R(0 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 8 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 8 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 8 24 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 8 25 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 8 26 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 8 27 expected expect VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 8 28 final final JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 8 29 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 8 30 size size NN cord-000282-phepjf55 8 31 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 8 32 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 8 33 absence absence NN cord-000282-phepjf55 8 34 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 8 35 interventions intervention NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 8 36 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 9 1 Confirmed confirm VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 9 2 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 9 3 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 9 4 were be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 9 5 used use VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 9 6 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 9 7 construct construct VB cord-000282-phepjf55 9 8 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 9 9 best good JJS cord-000282-phepjf55 9 10 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 9 11 fit fit JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 9 12 2-phase 2-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 9 13 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 9 14 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 9 15 three three CD cord-000282-phepjf55 9 16 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 9 17 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 9 18 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 10 1 R(0 R(0 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 10 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 10 3 was be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 10 4 estimated estimate VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 10 5 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 10 6 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 10 7 1.30 1.30 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 10 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 10 9 95 95 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 10 10 % % NN cord-000282-phepjf55 10 11 CI CI NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 10 12 1.12 1.12 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 10 13 - - SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 10 14 1.47 1.47 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 10 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 10 16 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 10 17 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 10 18 first first JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 10 19 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 10 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 10 21 April April NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 10 22 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 10 23 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 10 24 May May NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 10 25 4 4 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 10 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 10 27 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 10 28 1.35 1.35 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 10 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 10 30 95 95 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 10 31 % % NN cord-000282-phepjf55 10 32 CI CI NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 10 33 1.16 1.16 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 10 34 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 10 35 1.54 1.54 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 10 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 10 37 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 10 38 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 10 39 second second JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 10 40 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 10 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 10 42 May May NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 10 43 4 4 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 10 44 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 10 45 June June NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 10 46 19 19 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 10 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 10 48 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 11 1 Hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-000282-phepjf55 11 2 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 11 3 were be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 11 4 also also RB cord-000282-phepjf55 11 5 used use VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 11 6 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 11 7 fit fit VB cord-000282-phepjf55 11 8 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 11 9 1-phase 1-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 11 10 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 11 11 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 11 12 R(0 R(0 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 11 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 11 14 = = NFP cord-000282-phepjf55 12 1 1.35 1.35 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 12 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 12 3 1.20 1.20 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 12 4 - - SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 12 5 1.49 1.49 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 12 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 12 7 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 12 8 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 12 9 single single JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 12 10 turning turning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 12 11 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 12 12 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 12 13 June June NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 12 14 11 11 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 12 15 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 13 1 CONCLUSIONS conclusion NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 13 2 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 14 1 Application application NN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 2 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 3 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 14 4 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 14 5 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 6 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 7 Canadian Canadian NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 14 8 pH1N1 pH1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 14 9 data data NN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 10 shows show VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 14 11 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 12 detection detection NN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 13 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 14 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 14 15 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 14 16 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 14 17 affected affect VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 18 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 19 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 14 20 quality quality NN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 21 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 22 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 14 23 available available JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 14 24 at at IN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 25 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 14 26 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 27 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 28 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 14 29 usage usage NN cord-000282-phepjf55 14 30 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 15 1 Using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 15 2 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 15 3 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 15 4 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 15 5 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 15 6 robust robust JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 15 7 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 15 8 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 15 9 R(0 R(0 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 15 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 15 11 were be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 15 12 obtained obtain VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 15 13 approximately approximately RB cord-000282-phepjf55 15 14 one one CD cord-000282-phepjf55 15 15 month month NN cord-000282-phepjf55 15 16 after after IN cord-000282-phepjf55 15 17 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 15 18 initial initial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 15 19 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 15 20 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 15 21 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 15 22 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 15 23 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 15 24 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 15 25 A A NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 15 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 15 27 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 15 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 15 29 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 15 30 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 15 31 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 16 1 Epidemics epidemic NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 16 2 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 16 3 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 16 4 caused cause VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 16 5 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 16 6 emerging emerge VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 16 7 infectious infectious JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 16 8 diseases disease NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 16 9 continue continue VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 16 10 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 16 11 challenge challenge VB cord-000282-phepjf55 16 12 medical medical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 16 13 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 16 14 public public JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 16 15 health health NN cord-000282-phepjf55 16 16 authorities authority NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 16 17 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 17 1 Outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 17 2 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 17 3 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 17 4 control control NN cord-000282-phepjf55 17 5 requires require VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 17 6 swift swift JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 17 7 action action NN cord-000282-phepjf55 17 8 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 17 9 but but CC cord-000282-phepjf55 17 10 real real JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 17 11 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 17 12 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 17 13 identification identification NN cord-000282-phepjf55 17 14 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 17 15 characterization characterization NN cord-000282-phepjf55 17 16 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 17 17 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 17 18 remains remain VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 17 19 difficult difficult JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 17 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 17 21 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 17 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 17 23 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 18 1 Methods method NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 18 2 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 18 3 needed need VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 4 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 18 5 inform inform VB cord-000282-phepjf55 18 6 real real JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 18 7 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 18 8 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 9 decision decision NN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 10 making make VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 18 11 through through IN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 12 rapid rapid JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 18 13 characterization characterization NN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 14 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 15 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 16 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 17 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 18 18 prediction prediction NN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 19 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 20 shortterm shortterm JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 18 21 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 22 trends trend NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 18 23 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 18 24 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 18 25 evaluation evaluation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 26 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 27 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 18 28 projected project VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 29 impacts impact NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 18 30 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 31 different different JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 18 32 intervention intervention NN cord-000282-phepjf55 18 33 measures measure NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 18 34 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 19 1 Real real JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 19 2 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 19 3 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 4 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 19 5 modeling modeling NN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 6 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 19 7 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 19 8 analysis analysis NN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 9 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 19 10 important important JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 19 11 tools tool NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 19 12 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 13 such such JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 19 14 endeavors endeavor NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 19 15 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 19 16 but but CC cord-000282-phepjf55 19 17 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 19 18 limited limited JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 19 19 public public JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 19 20 availability availability NN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 21 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 22 information information NN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 23 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 24 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 25 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 19 27 particularly particularly RB cord-000282-phepjf55 19 28 when when WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 19 29 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 19 30 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 31 creates create VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 19 32 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 19 33 crisis crisis NN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 34 environment environment NN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 19 36 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 19 37 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 19 38 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 39 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 19 40 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 19 41 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 42 any any DT cord-000282-phepjf55 19 43 novel novel JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 19 44 pathogen pathogen NN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 45 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 19 46 present present JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 19 47 obstacles obstacle NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 19 48 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 49 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 19 50 creation creation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 51 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 52 reliable reliable JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 19 53 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 19 54 credible credible JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 19 55 models model NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 19 56 during during IN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 57 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 19 58 public public JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 19 59 health health NN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 60 emergency emergency NN cord-000282-phepjf55 19 61 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 20 1 One one PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 20 2 needs need VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 20 3 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 20 4 look look VB cord-000282-phepjf55 20 5 no no RB cord-000282-phepjf55 20 6 further far RBR cord-000282-phepjf55 20 7 than than IN cord-000282-phepjf55 20 8 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 20 9 2003 2003 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 20 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 20 11 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 20 12 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 20 13 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 20 14 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 20 15 concerns concern NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 20 16 related relate VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 20 17 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 20 18 highly highly RB cord-000282-phepjf55 20 19 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 20 20 avian avian JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 20 21 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 20 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 20 23 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 20 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 20 25 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 20 26 bioterrorism bioterrorism NN cord-000282-phepjf55 20 27 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 20 28 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 20 29 reminded remind VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 20 30 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 20 31 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 20 32 need need NN cord-000282-phepjf55 20 33 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 20 34 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 20 35 difficulty difficulty NN cord-000282-phepjf55 20 36 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 20 37 real real JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 20 38 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 20 39 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 20 40 modeling modeling NN cord-000282-phepjf55 20 41 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 21 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 21 2 emergence emergence NN cord-000282-phepjf55 21 3 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 21 4 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 21 5 novel novel JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 21 6 pandemic pandemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 21 7 strain strain NN cord-000282-phepjf55 21 8 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 21 9 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 21 10 A a NN cord-000282-phepjf55 21 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 21 12 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 21 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 21 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 21 15 pH1N1 pH1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 21 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 22 1 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 22 2 spring spring NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 22 3 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 22 4 highlighted highlight VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 22 5 these these DT cord-000282-phepjf55 22 6 difficulties difficulty NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 22 7 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 23 1 Early early JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 23 2 models model NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 23 3 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 4 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 23 5 pH1N1 pH1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 23 6 transmission transmission NN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 7 were be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 23 8 subject subject JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 23 9 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 10 substantial substantial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 23 11 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 23 12 regarding regard VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 23 13 all all DT cord-000282-phepjf55 23 14 aspects aspect NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 23 15 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 16 this this DT cord-000282-phepjf55 23 17 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 18 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 23 19 resulting result VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 23 20 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 21 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 22 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 23 judging judge VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 23 24 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 23 25 pandemic pandemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 26 potential potential NN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 27 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 28 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 23 29 virus virus NN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 30 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 23 31 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 23 32 implementation implementation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 33 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 34 reactive reactive JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 23 35 public public JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 23 36 health health NN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 37 responses response NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 23 38 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 23 39 individual individual JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 23 40 countries country NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 23 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 23 42 Fraser Fraser NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 23 43 et et NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 23 44 al al NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 23 45 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 24 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 24 2 2 2 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 24 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 24 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 24 5 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 25 1 Multiple multiple JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 25 2 introductions introduction NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 25 3 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 4 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 25 5 novel novel JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 25 6 virus virus NN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 7 into into IN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 8 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 25 9 community community NN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 10 early early RB cord-000282-phepjf55 25 11 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 12 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 25 13 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 14 could could MD cord-000282-phepjf55 25 15 further further RB cord-000282-phepjf55 25 16 distort distort VB cord-000282-phepjf55 25 17 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 18 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 19 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 20 creating create VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 25 21 fluctuations fluctuation NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 25 22 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 23 incidence incidence NN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 24 that that WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 25 25 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 25 26 misattributed misattribute VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 27 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 28 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 25 29 behavior behavior NN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 30 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 31 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 25 32 single single JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 25 33 chain chain NN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 34 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 35 transmission transmission NN cord-000282-phepjf55 25 36 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 26 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 26 2 sought seek VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 26 3 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 26 4 address address VB cord-000282-phepjf55 26 5 three three CD cord-000282-phepjf55 26 6 critical critical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 26 7 issues issue NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 26 8 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 26 9 real real JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 26 10 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 26 11 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 26 12 modeling model VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 26 13 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 26 14 newly newly RB cord-000282-phepjf55 26 15 emerged emerge VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 26 16 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 27 1 pH1N1 ph1n1 NN cord-000282-phepjf55 27 2 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 28 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 28 2 i i NN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 28 4 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 28 5 estimate estimate VB cord-000282-phepjf55 28 6 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 28 7 basic basic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 28 8 reproduction reproduction NN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 9 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 10 ; ; , cord-000282-phepjf55 28 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 28 12 ii ii NN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 28 14 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 28 15 identify identify VB cord-000282-phepjf55 28 16 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 28 17 main main JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 28 18 turning turning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 19 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 28 20 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 21 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 28 22 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 23 curve curve NN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 24 that that WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 28 25 distinguish distinguish VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 28 26 different different JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 28 27 phases phase NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 28 28 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 28 29 waves wave NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 28 30 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 31 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 32 ; ; : cord-000282-phepjf55 28 33 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 28 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 28 35 iii iii NN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 28 37 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 28 38 predict predict VB cord-000282-phepjf55 28 39 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 28 40 future future JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 28 41 course course NN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 42 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 43 events event NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 28 44 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 28 45 including include VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 28 46 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 28 47 final final JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 28 48 size size NN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 49 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 50 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 28 51 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 52 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 53 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 28 54 absence absence NN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 55 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 56 intervention intervention NN cord-000282-phepjf55 28 57 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 29 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 29 2 make make VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 29 3 use use NN cord-000282-phepjf55 29 4 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 29 5 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 29 6 simple simple JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 29 7 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 29 8 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 29 9 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 29 10 namely namely RB cord-000282-phepjf55 29 11 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 29 12 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 29 13 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 29 14 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 29 15 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 29 16 illustrate illustrate VB cord-000282-phepjf55 29 17 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 29 18 usefulness usefulness NN cord-000282-phepjf55 29 19 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 29 20 near near IN cord-000282-phepjf55 29 21 realtime realtime JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 29 22 modeling model VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 29 23 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 29 24 extracting extract VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 29 25 valuable valuable JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 29 26 information information NN cord-000282-phepjf55 29 27 regarding regard VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 29 28 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 29 29 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 29 30 directly directly RB cord-000282-phepjf55 29 31 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 29 32 publicly publicly RB cord-000282-phepjf55 29 33 available available JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 29 34 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 29 35 curves curve NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 29 36 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 30 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 30 2 also also RB cord-000282-phepjf55 30 3 provide provide VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 30 4 caveats caveat NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 30 5 regarding regard VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 30 6 inherent inherent JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 30 7 limitations limitation NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 30 8 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 30 9 modeling model VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 30 10 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 30 11 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 30 12 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 30 13 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 30 14 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 31 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 31 2 accuracy accuracy NN cord-000282-phepjf55 31 3 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 31 4 any any DT cord-000282-phepjf55 31 5 modeling modeling NN cord-000282-phepjf55 31 6 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 31 7 highly highly RB cord-000282-phepjf55 31 8 dependent dependent JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 31 9 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 31 10 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 31 11 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 31 12 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 31 13 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 31 14 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 31 15 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 31 16 considered consider VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 31 17 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 31 18 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 31 19 most most JJS cord-000282-phepjf55 31 20 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 31 21 curves curve NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 31 22 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 31 23 multiple multiple JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 31 24 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 31 25 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 31 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 31 27 peaks peak NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 31 28 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 31 29 valleys valley NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 31 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 31 31 during during IN cord-000282-phepjf55 31 32 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 31 33 early early JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 31 34 stage stage NN cord-000282-phepjf55 31 35 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 31 36 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 31 37 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 31 38 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 32 1 While while IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 2 these these DT cord-000282-phepjf55 32 3 may may MD cord-000282-phepjf55 32 4 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 32 5 due due JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 32 6 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 7 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 32 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 32 9 " " `` cord-000282-phepjf55 32 10 random random JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 32 11 " " '' cord-000282-phepjf55 32 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 32 13 variations variation NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 14 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 15 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 16 spread spread NN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 17 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 32 18 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 32 19 changes change NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 20 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 21 either either DT cord-000282-phepjf55 32 22 surveillance surveillance NN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 23 methods method NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 24 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 32 25 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 26 definitions definition NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 27 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 32 28 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 32 29 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 30 may may MD cord-000282-phepjf55 32 31 also also RB cord-000282-phepjf55 32 32 represent represent VB cord-000282-phepjf55 32 33 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 34 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 35 where where WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 32 36 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 37 transition transition VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 32 38 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 39 exponential exponential JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 32 40 growth growth NN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 41 processes process NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 42 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 43 processes process NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 44 that that WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 32 45 have have VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 32 46 declining decline VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 32 47 rates rate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 48 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 49 growth growth NN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 50 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 32 51 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 32 52 thus thus RB cord-000282-phepjf55 32 53 may may MD cord-000282-phepjf55 32 54 identify identify VB cord-000282-phepjf55 32 55 effects effect NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 56 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 57 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 58 control control NN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 59 programs program NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 60 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 32 61 peaks peak NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 62 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 63 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 32 64 waves wave NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 65 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 66 infection infection NN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 67 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 32 68 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 32 69 natural natural JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 32 70 slowing slowing NN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 71 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 72 growth growth NN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 73 due due IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 74 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 75 infection infection NN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 76 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 77 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 32 78 critical critical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 32 79 fraction fraction NN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 80 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 32 81 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 32 82 individuals individual NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 32 83 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 33 1 For for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 33 2 every every DT cord-000282-phepjf55 33 3 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 33 4 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 33 5 there there EX cord-000282-phepjf55 33 6 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 33 7 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 33 8 suitable suitable JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 33 9 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 33 10 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 33 11 after after IN cord-000282-phepjf55 33 12 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 33 13 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 33 14 given give VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 33 15 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 33 16 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 33 17 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 33 18 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 33 19 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 33 20 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 33 21 suitably suitably RB cord-000282-phepjf55 33 22 modeled model VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 33 23 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 33 24 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 33 25 beyond beyond IN cord-000282-phepjf55 33 26 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 33 27 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 33 28 phases phase NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 33 29 may may MD cord-000282-phepjf55 33 30 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 33 31 anticipated anticipate VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 33 32 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 34 1 Detection detection NN cord-000282-phepjf55 34 2 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 34 3 such such JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 34 4 " " `` cord-000282-phepjf55 34 5 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 34 6 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 34 7 " " '' cord-000282-phepjf55 34 8 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 34 9 identification identification NN cord-000282-phepjf55 34 10 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 34 11 different different JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 34 12 phases phase NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 34 13 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 34 14 waves wave NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 34 15 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 34 16 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 34 17 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 34 18 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 34 19 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 34 20 critical critical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 34 21 importance importance NN cord-000282-phepjf55 34 22 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 34 23 designing design VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 34 24 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 34 25 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 34 26 different different JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 34 27 intervention intervention NN cord-000282-phepjf55 34 28 strategies strategy NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 34 29 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 35 1 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 35 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 35 3 3 3 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 35 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 35 5 proposed propose VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 35 6 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 35 7 following following JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 35 8 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 35 9 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 35 10 study study VB cord-000282-phepjf55 35 11 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 35 12 growth growth NN cord-000282-phepjf55 35 13 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 35 14 biological biological JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 35 15 populations population NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 35 16 , , . cord-000282-phepjf55 36 1 where where WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 36 2 C(t C(t NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 36 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 36 4 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 36 5 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 36 6 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 36 7 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 36 8 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 36 9 cases case NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 36 10 reported report VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 36 11 at at IN cord-000282-phepjf55 36 12 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 36 13 t t NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 36 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 36 15 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 36 16 weeks week NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 36 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 36 18 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 36 19 Here here RB cord-000282-phepjf55 36 20 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 36 21 prime prime JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 36 22 " " `` cord-000282-phepjf55 36 23 ′ ′ CD cord-000282-phepjf55 36 24 " " '' cord-000282-phepjf55 36 25 denotes denote VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 36 26 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 36 27 rate rate NN cord-000282-phepjf55 36 28 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 36 29 change change NN cord-000282-phepjf55 36 30 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 36 31 respect respect NN cord-000282-phepjf55 36 32 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 36 33 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 36 34 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 37 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 37 2 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 3 parameter parameter NN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 4 K K NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 37 5 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 37 6 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 37 7 maximum maximum JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 37 8 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 9 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 37 11 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 37 12 final final JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 37 13 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 14 size size NN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 37 16 over over IN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 17 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 37 18 single single JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 37 19 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 20 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 21 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 22 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 37 23 r r NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 37 24 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 37 25 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 37 26 per per IN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 27 capita capita FW cord-000282-phepjf55 37 28 growth growth NN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 29 rate rate NN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 30 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 31 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 37 32 infected infected JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 37 33 population population NN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 34 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 37 35 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 37 36 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 37 37 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 37 38 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 37 39 exponent exponent NN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 40 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 41 deviation deviation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 37 42 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 38 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 38 2 solution solution NN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 3 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 4 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 38 5 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 38 6 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 7 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 38 8 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 38 9 explicitly explicitly RB cord-000282-phepjf55 38 10 given give VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 11 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 12 terms term NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 38 13 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 14 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 15 parameters parameter NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 38 16 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 17 Using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 38 18 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 38 19 Richard Richard NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 38 20 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 21 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 38 22 we -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 38 23 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 38 24 able able JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 38 25 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 38 26 directly directly RB cord-000282-phepjf55 38 27 fit fit VB cord-000282-phepjf55 38 28 empirical empirical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 38 29 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 38 30 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 31 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 38 32 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 38 33 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 34 curve curve NN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 35 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 38 36 obtain obtain VB cord-000282-phepjf55 38 37 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 38 38 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 39 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 38 40 meaningful meaningful JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 38 41 parameters parameter NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 38 42 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 38 43 including include VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 38 44 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 38 45 growth growth NN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 46 rate rate NN cord-000282-phepjf55 38 47 r. r. NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 39 1 In in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 2 such such PDT cord-000282-phepjf55 39 3 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 39 4 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 5 formulation formulation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 6 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 39 7 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 39 8 basic basic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 39 9 reproduction reproduction NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 10 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 11 R r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 12 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 39 13 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 39 14 given give VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 15 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 16 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 39 17 formula formula NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 18 R r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 19 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 39 20 = = SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 39 21 exp(rT exp(rT NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 39 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 39 23 where where WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 39 24 T T NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 39 25 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 39 26 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 39 27 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 28 generation generation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 29 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 30 defined define VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 31 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 32 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 39 33 average average JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 39 34 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 35 interval interval NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 36 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 37 infection infection NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 38 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 39 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 39 40 individual individual NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 41 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 42 infection infection NN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 43 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 39 44 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 39 45 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 39 46 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 39 47 contacts contact NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 39 48 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 40 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 40 2 has have VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 40 3 been be VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 4 shown show VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 5 mathematically mathematically RB cord-000282-phepjf55 40 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 40 7 4 4 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 40 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 40 9 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 10 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 40 11 given give VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 12 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 40 13 growth growth NN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 14 rate rate NN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 15 r r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 16 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 40 17 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 40 18 equation equation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 19 R r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 20 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 40 21 = = SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 40 22 exp(rT exp(rT NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 40 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 40 24 provides provide VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 40 25 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 40 26 upper upper JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 40 27 bound bind VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 28 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 29 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 40 30 basic basic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 40 31 reproduction reproduction NN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 32 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 33 regardless regardless RB cord-000282-phepjf55 40 34 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 35 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 40 36 distribution distribution NN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 37 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 38 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 40 39 generation generation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 40 interval interval NN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 41 used use VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 42 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 40 43 assuming assume VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 40 44 there there EX cord-000282-phepjf55 40 45 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 40 46 little little JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 40 47 pre pre JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 40 48 - - JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 40 49 existing existing JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 40 50 immunity immunity NN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 51 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 52 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 40 53 pathogen pathogen NN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 54 under under IN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 55 consideration consideration NN cord-000282-phepjf55 40 56 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 41 1 Additional additional JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 41 2 technical technical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 41 3 details detail NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 41 4 regarding regard VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 41 5 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 41 6 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 41 7 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 41 8 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 41 9 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 41 10 found find VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 41 11 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 41 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 41 13 5 5 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 41 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 41 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 41 16 6 6 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 41 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 41 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 41 19 7 7 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 41 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 41 21 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 42 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-000282-phepjf55 42 2 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 42 3 better well RBR cord-000282-phepjf55 42 4 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 42 5 known know VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 42 6 deterministic deterministic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 42 7 compartmental compartmental JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 42 8 models model NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 42 9 used use VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 42 10 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 42 11 describe describe VB cord-000282-phepjf55 42 12 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 42 13 transmission transmission NN cord-000282-phepjf55 42 14 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 42 15 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 42 16 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 42 17 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 42 18 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 42 19 considers consider VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 42 20 only only RB cord-000282-phepjf55 42 21 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 42 22 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 42 23 infected infected JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 42 24 population population NN cord-000282-phepjf55 42 25 size size NN cord-000282-phepjf55 42 26 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 43 1 This this DT cord-000282-phepjf55 43 2 population population NN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 3 size size NN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 4 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 43 5 assumed assume VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 6 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 43 7 have have VB cord-000282-phepjf55 43 8 saturation saturation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 9 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 10 growth growth NN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 11 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 12 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 43 13 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 14 progresses progress VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 43 15 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 43 16 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 43 17 this this DT cord-000282-phepjf55 43 18 saturation saturation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 19 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 43 20 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 43 21 caused cause VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 22 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 23 immunity immunity NN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 24 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 43 25 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 26 implementation implementation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 27 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 28 control control NN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 29 measures measure NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 43 30 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 43 31 other other JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 43 32 factors factor NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 43 33 such such JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 43 34 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 35 environmental environmental JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 43 36 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 43 37 social social JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 43 38 changes change NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 43 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 43 40 e.g. e.g. RB cord-000282-phepjf55 43 41 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 43 42 children child NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 43 43 departing depart VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 43 44 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 45 schools school NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 43 46 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 47 summer summer NN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 48 holiday holiday NN cord-000282-phepjf55 43 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 43 50 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 44 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 44 2 basic basic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 44 3 premise premise NN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 4 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 5 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 44 6 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 44 7 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 8 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 44 9 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 10 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 44 11 incidence incidence NN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 12 curve curve NN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 13 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 14 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 44 15 single single JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 44 16 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 17 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 18 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 44 19 given give VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 20 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 21 consists consist VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 44 22 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 23 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 44 24 single single JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 44 25 peak peak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 26 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 27 high high JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 44 28 incidence incidence NN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 29 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 44 30 resulting result VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 44 31 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 32 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 44 33 S s NN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 34 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 44 35 shaped shape VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 36 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 44 37 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 38 curve curve NN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 39 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 40 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 44 41 single single JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 44 42 turning turning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 43 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 44 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 45 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 44 46 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 44 47 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 45 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 45 2 turning turning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 3 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 4 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 45 5 inflection inflection NN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 6 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 7 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 45 8 defined define VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 9 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 10 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 45 11 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 12 when when WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 45 13 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 45 14 rate rate NN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 15 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 16 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 17 accumulation accumulation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 18 changes change NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 45 19 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 20 increasing increase VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 45 21 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 22 decreasing decrease VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 45 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 45 24 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 45 25 vice vice NN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 26 versa versa RB cord-000282-phepjf55 45 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 45 28 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 45 29 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 45 30 easily easily RB cord-000282-phepjf55 45 31 pinpointed pinpoint VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 32 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 33 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 45 34 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 35 where where WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 45 36 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 45 37 rate rate NN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 38 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 39 change change NN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 40 transitions transition NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 45 41 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 42 positive positive JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 45 43 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 44 negative negative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 45 45 ; ; , cord-000282-phepjf55 45 46 i.e. i.e. FW cord-000282-phepjf55 45 47 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 45 48 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 45 49 moment moment NN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 50 at at IN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 51 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 45 52 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 45 53 trajectory trajectory NN cord-000282-phepjf55 45 54 begins begin VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 45 55 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 45 56 decline decline VB cord-000282-phepjf55 45 57 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 46 1 This this DT cord-000282-phepjf55 46 2 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 46 3 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 46 4 has have VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 46 5 obvious obvious JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 46 6 epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 46 7 importance importance NN cord-000282-phepjf55 46 8 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 46 9 indicating indicate VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 46 10 either either CC cord-000282-phepjf55 46 11 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 46 12 beginning beginning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 46 13 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 46 14 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 46 15 new new JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 46 16 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 46 17 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 46 18 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 46 19 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 46 20 peak peak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 46 21 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 46 22 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 46 23 current current JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 46 24 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 46 25 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 46 26 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 47 1 For for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 47 2 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 47 3 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 47 4 two two CD cord-000282-phepjf55 47 5 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 47 6 more more JJR cord-000282-phepjf55 47 7 phases phase NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 47 8 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 47 9 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 47 10 variation variation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 47 11 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 47 12 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 47 13 S S NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 47 14 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 47 15 shaped shape VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 47 16 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 47 17 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 47 18 has have VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 47 19 been be VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 47 20 proposed propose VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 47 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 47 22 6 6 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 47 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 47 24 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 48 1 This this DT cord-000282-phepjf55 48 2 multi multi JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 48 3 - - JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 48 4 staged staged JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 48 5 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 48 6 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 7 distinguishes distinguish VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 48 8 between between IN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 9 two two CD cord-000282-phepjf55 48 10 types type NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 48 11 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 12 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 48 13 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 48 14 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 48 15 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 48 16 initial initial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 48 17 S S NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 48 18 curve curve NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 19 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 48 20 signifies signify VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 48 21 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 48 22 first first JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 48 23 turning turning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 24 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 25 that that WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 48 26 ends end VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 48 27 initial initial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 48 28 exponential exponential JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 48 29 growth growth NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 30 ; ; : cord-000282-phepjf55 48 31 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 48 32 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 48 33 second second JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 48 34 type type NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 35 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 36 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 48 37 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 38 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 39 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 48 40 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 41 curve curve NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 42 where where WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 48 43 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 48 44 growth growth NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 45 rate rate NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 46 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 47 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 48 48 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 49 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 50 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 48 51 cases case NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 48 52 begins begin VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 48 53 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 48 54 increase increase VB cord-000282-phepjf55 48 55 again again RB cord-000282-phepjf55 48 56 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 48 57 signifying signify VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 48 58 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 48 59 beginning beginning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 60 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 61 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 48 62 next next JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 48 63 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 64 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 48 65 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 49 1 This this DT cord-000282-phepjf55 49 2 variant variant NN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 3 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 4 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 49 5 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 6 provides provide VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 49 7 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 49 8 systematic systematic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 49 9 method method NN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 10 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 11 determining determine VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 49 12 whether whether IN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 13 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 49 14 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 15 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 49 16 single single JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 49 17 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 49 18 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 49 19 multi multi JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 49 20 - - JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 49 21 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 22 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 23 nature nature NN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 24 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 49 25 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 49 26 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 49 27 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 49 28 used use VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 29 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 49 30 distinguish distinguish VB cord-000282-phepjf55 49 31 true true JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 49 32 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 49 33 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 49 34 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 35 peaks peak NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 49 36 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 49 37 valleys valley NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 49 38 resulting result VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 49 39 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 40 random random JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 49 41 variability variability NN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 42 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 43 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 49 44 counts count NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 49 45 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 50 1 More More JJR cord-000282-phepjf55 50 2 details detail NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 50 3 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 50 4 application application NN cord-000282-phepjf55 50 5 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 50 6 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 50 7 multi multi JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 50 8 - - JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 50 9 staged staged JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 50 10 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 50 11 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 50 12 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 50 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 50 14 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 50 15 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 50 16 found find VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 50 17 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 50 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 50 19 6 6 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 50 20 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 50 21 7 7 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 50 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 50 23 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 51 1 Readers reader NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 51 2 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 51 3 also also RB cord-000282-phepjf55 51 4 referred refer VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 51 5 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 51 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 51 7 8 8 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 51 8 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 51 9 9 9 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 51 10 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 51 11 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 51 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 51 13 applications application NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 51 14 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 51 15 dengue dengue NN cord-000282-phepjf55 51 16 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 52 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 52 2 fit fit VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 52 3 both both CC cord-000282-phepjf55 52 4 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 52 5 single single JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 52 6 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 52 7 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 52 8 multi multi JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 52 9 - - JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 52 10 phase phase JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 52 11 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 52 12 models model NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 52 13 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 52 14 Canadian canadian JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 52 15 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 52 16 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 52 17 pH1N1 pH1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 52 18 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 52 19 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 52 20 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 52 21 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 52 22 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 52 23 publicly publicly RB cord-000282-phepjf55 52 24 available available JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 52 25 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 52 26 onset onset NN cord-000282-phepjf55 52 27 dates date NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 52 28 obtained obtain VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 52 29 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 52 30 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 52 31 Public Public NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 52 32 Health Health NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 52 33 Agency Agency NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 52 34 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 52 35 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 52 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 52 37 PHAC PHAC NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 52 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 52 39 website website NN cord-000282-phepjf55 52 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 52 41 10 10 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 52 42 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 52 43 11 11 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 52 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 52 45 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 53 1 PHAC PHAC NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 53 2 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 53 3 represent represent VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 53 4 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 53 5 central central JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 53 6 repository repository NN cord-000282-phepjf55 53 7 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 53 8 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 53 9 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 53 10 reports report NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 53 11 provided provide VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 53 12 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 53 13 each each DT cord-000282-phepjf55 53 14 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 53 15 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 53 16 's 's POS cord-000282-phepjf55 53 17 provinces province NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 53 18 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 53 19 territories territory NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 53 20 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 54 1 Onset onset NN cord-000282-phepjf55 54 2 dates date NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 54 3 represent represent VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 54 4 best good JJS cord-000282-phepjf55 54 5 local local JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 54 6 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 54 7 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 54 8 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 54 9 may may MD cord-000282-phepjf55 54 10 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 54 11 obtained obtain VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 54 12 differently differently RB cord-000282-phepjf55 54 13 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 54 14 different different JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 54 15 jurisdictions jurisdiction NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 54 16 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 55 1 For for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 2 example example NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 3 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 55 4 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 55 5 province province NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 6 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 7 Ontario Ontario NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 55 8 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 55 9 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 55 10 comprises comprise VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 55 11 approximately approximately RB cord-000282-phepjf55 55 12 1/3 1/3 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 55 13 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 14 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 55 15 population population NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 16 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 17 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 55 18 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 55 19 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 55 20 where where WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 55 21 most most JJS cord-000282-phepjf55 55 22 spring spring NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 23 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 24 activity activity NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 25 was be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 55 26 concentrated concentrate VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 27 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 55 28 replaces replace VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 55 29 onset onset NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 30 dates date NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 55 31 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 55 32 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 55 33 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 55 34 schema schema NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 35 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 55 36 whereby whereby WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 55 37 missing miss VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 55 38 onset onset NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 39 dates date NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 55 40 may may MD cord-000282-phepjf55 55 41 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 55 42 replaced replace VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 43 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 44 dates date NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 55 45 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 46 specimen specimen NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 47 collection collection NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 55 49 if if IN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 50 known know VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 55 52 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 55 53 date date NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 54 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 55 specimen specimen JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 55 56 receipt receipt NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 57 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 58 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 55 59 provincial provincial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 55 60 laboratory laboratory NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 61 system system NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 62 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 55 63 if if IN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 64 both both DT cord-000282-phepjf55 55 65 dates date NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 55 66 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 67 onset onset NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 68 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 55 69 specimen specimen NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 70 collection collection NN cord-000282-phepjf55 55 71 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 55 72 missing miss VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 55 73 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 56 1 Data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 56 2 were be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 56 3 accessed access VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 4 at at IN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 5 different different JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 56 6 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 7 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 56 8 during during IN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 9 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 56 10 course course NN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 11 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 12 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 56 13 " " `` cord-000282-phepjf55 56 14 spring spring NN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 15 wave wave NN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 56 17 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 56 18 herald herald NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 56 19 wave wave NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 56 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 56 21 " " '' cord-000282-phepjf55 56 22 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 23 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 56 24 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 25 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 26 May May NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 56 27 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 56 28 July July NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 56 29 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 30 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 56 31 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 56 32 whenever whenever WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 56 33 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 56 34 new new JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 56 35 dataset dataset NN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 36 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 56 37 made make VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 38 available available JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 56 39 online online RB cord-000282-phepjf55 56 40 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 56 41 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 56 42 PHAC PHAC NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 56 43 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 57 1 By by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 2 sequentially sequentially RB cord-000282-phepjf55 57 3 considering consider VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 57 4 successive successive JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 57 5 S s NN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 6 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 57 7 shaped shape VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 8 segments segment NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 57 9 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 10 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 57 11 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 12 curve curve NN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 13 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 57 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 57 15 estimate estimate VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 57 16 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 57 17 maximum maximum JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 57 18 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 19 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 57 21 K K NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 57 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 57 23 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 57 24 locate locate VB cord-000282-phepjf55 57 25 turning turning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 26 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 57 27 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 57 28 thus thus RB cord-000282-phepjf55 57 29 generating generate VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 57 30 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 57 31 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 32 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 57 33 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 34 numbers number NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 57 35 during during IN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 36 each each DT cord-000282-phepjf55 57 37 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 38 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 39 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 57 40 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 57 41 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 58 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 58 2 PHAC PHAC NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 58 3 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 58 4 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 5 data data NN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 6 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 58 7 then then RB cord-000282-phepjf55 58 8 fitted fit VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 9 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 10 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 58 11 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 58 12 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 13 function function NN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 14 C(t C(t VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 58 16 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 17 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 58 18 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 58 19 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 20 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 21 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 58 22 initial initial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 58 23 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 24 t t NN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 25 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 58 26 = = SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 58 27 0 0 NFP cord-000282-phepjf55 58 28 being be VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 58 29 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 58 30 date date NN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 31 when when WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 58 32 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 58 33 first first JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 58 34 laboratory laboratory NN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 35 confirmed confirm VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 58 36 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 37 was be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 58 38 reported report VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 39 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 58 40 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 58 41 initial initial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 58 42 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 43 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 44 C c NN cord-000282-phepjf55 58 45 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 58 46 = = NFP cord-000282-phepjf55 58 47 C(0 C(0 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 58 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 58 49 = = NFP cord-000282-phepjf55 59 1 1 1 LS cord-000282-phepjf55 59 2 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 59 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 59 4 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 59 5 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 59 6 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 59 7 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 59 8 onset onset NN cord-000282-phepjf55 59 9 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 59 10 symptoms symptom NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 59 11 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 59 12 that that DT cord-000282-phepjf55 59 13 day day NN cord-000282-phepjf55 59 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 59 15 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 60 1 There there EX cord-000282-phepjf55 60 2 were be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 60 3 some some DT cord-000282-phepjf55 60 4 differences difference NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 60 5 between between IN cord-000282-phepjf55 60 6 sequential sequential JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 60 7 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 60 8 curves curve NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 60 9 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 60 10 assigned assign VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 60 11 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 60 12 dates date NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 60 13 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 61 1 For for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 2 example example NN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 3 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 61 4 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 61 5 posted post VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 6 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 7 PHAC PHAC NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 61 8 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 9 May May NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 61 10 20 20 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 61 11 indicated indicate VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 61 12 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 61 13 initial initial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 61 14 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 15 date date NN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 16 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 17 April April NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 61 18 13 13 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 61 19 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 61 20 but but CC cord-000282-phepjf55 61 21 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 22 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 61 23 June June NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 61 24 3 3 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 61 25 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 61 26 this this DT cord-000282-phepjf55 61 27 had have VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 61 28 been be VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 29 changed change VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 30 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 31 April April NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 61 32 12 12 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 61 33 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 61 34 perhaps perhaps RB cord-000282-phepjf55 61 35 due due IN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 36 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 37 revision revision NN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 38 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 39 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 61 40 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 41 date date NN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 42 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 43 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 61 44 result result NN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 45 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 46 additional additional JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 61 47 information information NN cord-000282-phepjf55 61 48 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 62 1 Model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 62 2 parameter parameter NN cord-000282-phepjf55 62 3 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 62 4 based base VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 62 5 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 62 6 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 62 7 explicit explicit JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 62 8 solution solution NN cord-000282-phepjf55 62 9 given give VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 62 10 earlier early RBR cord-000282-phepjf55 62 11 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 62 12 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 62 13 obtained obtain VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 62 14 easily easily RB cord-000282-phepjf55 62 15 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 62 16 efficiently efficiently RB cord-000282-phepjf55 62 17 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 62 18 any any DT cord-000282-phepjf55 62 19 standard standard JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 62 20 software software NN cord-000282-phepjf55 62 21 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 62 22 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 62 23 least least JJS cord-000282-phepjf55 62 24 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 62 25 squares square NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 62 26 approximation approximation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 62 27 tool tool NN cord-000282-phepjf55 62 28 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 62 29 such such JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 62 30 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 62 31 SAS SAS NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 62 32 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 62 33 Matlab Matlab NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 62 34 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 63 1 Daily daily JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 63 2 incidence incidence NN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 3 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 63 4 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 5 onset onset NN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 6 date date NN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 7 were be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 63 8 posted post VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 9 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 10 PHAC PHAC NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 63 11 until until IN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 12 June June NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 63 13 26 26 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 63 14 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 63 15 after after IN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 16 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 63 17 date date NN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 18 only only RB cord-000282-phepjf55 63 19 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 63 20 daily daily JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 63 21 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 22 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 23 laboratory laboratory NN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 24 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 63 25 confirmed confirm VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 26 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 27 cases case NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 63 28 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 29 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 63 30 was be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 63 31 posted post VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 63 32 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 64 1 For for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 2 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 64 3 purpose purpose NN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 4 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 5 comparison comparison NN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 6 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 64 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 64 8 also also RB cord-000282-phepjf55 64 9 fit fit VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 64 10 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 64 11 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 12 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 64 13 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 14 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 64 15 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 64 16 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 17 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 18 order order NN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 19 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 64 20 evaluate evaluate VB cord-000282-phepjf55 64 21 temporal temporal JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 64 22 changes change NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 64 23 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 24 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 64 25 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 26 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 27 severe severe JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 64 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 64 29 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 64 31 cases case NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 64 32 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 64 33 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 64 34 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 64 35 assumed assume VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 36 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 64 37 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 64 38 approximately approximately RB cord-000282-phepjf55 64 39 proportional proportional JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 64 40 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 41 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 64 42 total total JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 64 43 cases case NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 64 44 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 64 45 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 65 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 65 2 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 65 3 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 65 4 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-000282-phepjf55 65 5 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 65 6 used use VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 65 7 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 65 8 this this DT cord-000282-phepjf55 65 9 work work NN cord-000282-phepjf55 65 10 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 65 11 provided provide VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 65 12 online online RB cord-000282-phepjf55 65 13 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 65 14 Additional additional JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 65 15 file file NN cord-000282-phepjf55 65 16 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 65 17 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 66 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 66 2 fit fit VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 66 3 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 66 4 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 66 5 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 66 6 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 66 7 daily daily JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 66 8 datasets dataset NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 66 9 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 66 10 acquired acquire VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 66 11 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 66 12 real real JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 66 13 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 66 14 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 66 15 throughout throughout IN cord-000282-phepjf55 66 16 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 66 17 period period NN cord-000282-phepjf55 66 18 under under IN cord-000282-phepjf55 66 19 study study NN cord-000282-phepjf55 66 20 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 67 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 67 2 leastsquared leastsquared JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 67 3 approximation approximation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 67 4 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 67 5 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 67 6 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 67 7 parameter parameter NN cord-000282-phepjf55 67 8 estimation estimation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 67 9 could could MD cord-000282-phepjf55 67 10 converge converge VB cord-000282-phepjf55 67 11 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 67 12 either either CC cord-000282-phepjf55 67 13 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 67 14 single single RB cord-000282-phepjf55 67 15 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 67 16 phased phase VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 67 17 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 67 18 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 67 19 2-phase 2-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 67 20 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 67 21 models model NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 67 22 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 68 1 For for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 68 2 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 68 3 sake sake NN cord-000282-phepjf55 68 4 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 68 5 brevity brevity NN cord-000282-phepjf55 68 6 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 68 7 only only RB cord-000282-phepjf55 68 8 four four CD cord-000282-phepjf55 68 9 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 68 10 these these DT cord-000282-phepjf55 68 11 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 68 12 fits fit NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 68 13 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 68 14 presented present VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 68 15 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 68 16 Table Table NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 68 17 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 68 18 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 68 19 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-000282-phepjf55 68 20 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 68 21 difference difference NN cord-000282-phepjf55 68 22 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 68 23 modeling model VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 68 24 results result NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 68 25 over over IN cord-000282-phepjf55 68 26 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 68 27 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 69 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 69 2 resulting result VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 69 3 parameter parameter NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 4 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 69 5 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 6 95 95 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 69 7 % % NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 8 confidence confidence NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 9 intervals interval NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 69 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 69 11 CI CI NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 69 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 69 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 69 14 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 15 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 69 16 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 69 18 t t NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 19 i i NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 69 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 69 21 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 69 22 growth growth NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 23 rate rate NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 69 25 r r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 69 27 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 69 28 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 69 29 maximum maximum JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 69 30 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 31 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 69 33 K K NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 69 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 69 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 69 36 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 69 37 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 38 period period NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 39 included include VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 40 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 41 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 69 42 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 43 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 69 44 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 69 45 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 46 period period NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 47 when when WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 69 48 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 69 49 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 69 50 set set VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 51 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 52 question question NN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 53 were be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 69 54 accessed access VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 55 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 69 56 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 69 57 presented present VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 58 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 69 59 Table Table NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 69 60 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 69 61 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 70 1 Note note VB cord-000282-phepjf55 70 2 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 70 3 all all DT cord-000282-phepjf55 70 4 dates date NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 70 5 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 70 6 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 70 7 tables table NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 70 8 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 70 9 given give VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 70 10 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 70 11 month month NN cord-000282-phepjf55 70 12 / / SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 70 13 day day NN cord-000282-phepjf55 70 14 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 71 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 71 2 also also RB cord-000282-phepjf55 71 3 note note VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 71 4 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 71 5 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 71 6 CI CI NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 71 7 's 's POS cord-000282-phepjf55 71 8 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 71 9 R r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 71 10 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 71 11 reflect reflect VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 71 12 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 71 13 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-000282-phepjf55 71 14 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 71 15 T T NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 71 16 as as RB cord-000282-phepjf55 71 17 well well RB cord-000282-phepjf55 71 18 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 71 19 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 71 20 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 71 21 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 71 22 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 71 23 r r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 71 24 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 71 25 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 71 26 does do VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 71 27 not not RB cord-000282-phepjf55 71 28 reflect reflect VB cord-000282-phepjf55 71 29 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 71 30 error error NN cord-000282-phepjf55 71 31 due due IN cord-000282-phepjf55 71 32 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 71 33 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 71 34 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 71 35 itself -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 71 36 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 71 37 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 71 38 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 71 39 always always RB cord-000282-phepjf55 71 40 difficult difficult JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 71 41 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 71 42 measure measure VB cord-000282-phepjf55 71 43 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 72 1 In in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 72 2 order order NN cord-000282-phepjf55 72 3 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 72 4 compare compare VB cord-000282-phepjf55 72 5 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 72 6 1-phase 1-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 72 7 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 72 8 2-phase 2-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 72 9 models model NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 72 10 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 72 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 72 12 also also RB cord-000282-phepjf55 72 13 calculate calculate VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 72 14 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 72 15 Akaike Akaike NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 72 16 information information NN cord-000282-phepjf55 72 17 criterion criterion NN cord-000282-phepjf55 72 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 72 19 AIC AIC NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 72 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 72 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 72 22 12 12 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 72 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 72 24 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 72 25 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 72 26 first first JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 72 27 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 72 28 third third JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 72 29 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 72 30 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 72 31 fourth fourth JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 72 32 sets set NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 72 33 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 72 34 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 72 35 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 72 36 Table Table NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 72 37 _SP cord-000282-phepjf55 72 38 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 72 39 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 72 40 where where WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 72 41 there there EX cord-000282-phepjf55 72 42 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 72 43 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 72 44 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 72 45 fit fit NN cord-000282-phepjf55 72 46 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 72 47 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 72 48 2-phase 2-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 72 49 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 72 50 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 73 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 73 2 results result NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 73 3 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 73 4 given give VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 73 5 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 73 6 Table Table NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 73 7 2 2 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 73 8 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 73 9 indicates indicate VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 73 10 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 73 11 whenever whenever WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 73 12 there there EX cord-000282-phepjf55 73 13 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 73 14 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 73 15 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 73 16 fit fit NN cord-000282-phepjf55 73 17 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 73 18 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 73 19 2-phase 2-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 73 20 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 73 21 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 73 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 73 23 AIC AIC NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 73 24 value value NN cord-000282-phepjf55 73 25 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 73 26 always always RB cord-000282-phepjf55 73 27 lower low JJR cord-000282-phepjf55 73 28 than than IN cord-000282-phepjf55 73 29 that that DT cord-000282-phepjf55 73 30 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 73 31 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 73 32 1-phase 1-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 73 33 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 73 34 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 73 35 hence hence RB cord-000282-phepjf55 73 36 compares compare VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 73 37 favorably favorably RB cord-000282-phepjf55 73 38 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 73 39 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 73 40 1-phase 1-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 73 41 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 73 42 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 74 1 Parameter parameter NN cord-000282-phepjf55 74 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 74 3 fluctuate fluctuate VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 74 4 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 74 5 early early JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 74 6 datasets dataset NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 74 7 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 74 8 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 74 9 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 74 10 least least RBS cord-000282-phepjf55 74 11 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 74 12 squared squared JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 74 13 parameter parameter NN cord-000282-phepjf55 74 14 estimations estimation NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 74 15 diverge diverge VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 74 16 within within IN cord-000282-phepjf55 74 17 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 74 18 between between IN cord-000282-phepjf55 74 19 1-phase 1-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 74 20 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 74 21 2-phase 2-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 74 22 models model NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 74 23 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 74 24 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 74 25 manner manner NN cord-000282-phepjf55 74 26 that that WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 74 27 seems seem VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 74 28 likely likely JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 74 29 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 74 30 reflect reflect VB cord-000282-phepjf55 74 31 artifact artifact NN cord-000282-phepjf55 74 32 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 75 1 In in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 2 particular particular JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 75 3 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 75 4 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 5 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 75 6 earliest early JJS cord-000282-phepjf55 75 7 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 8 fits fit NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 75 9 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 75 10 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 75 11 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 75 12 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 13 April April NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 75 14 13 13 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 75 15 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 16 May May NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 75 17 15 15 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 75 18 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 75 19 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 75 20 estimated estimate VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 21 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 75 22 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 23 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 24 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 75 25 second second JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 75 26 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 27 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 75 28 far far RB cord-000282-phepjf55 75 29 larger large JJR cord-000282-phepjf55 75 30 than than IN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 31 that that DT cord-000282-phepjf55 75 32 obtained obtain VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 33 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 34 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 75 35 first first JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 75 36 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 37 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 75 38 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 75 39 that that DT cord-000282-phepjf55 75 40 obtained obtain VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 75 41 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 75 42 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 75 43 single single JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 75 44 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 75 45 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 46 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 47 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 75 48 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 75 49 illustrating illustrate VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 75 50 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 75 51 pitfalls pitfall NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 75 52 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 53 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 54 estimation estimation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 55 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 75 56 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 75 57 limited limited JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 75 58 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 75 59 available available JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 75 60 early early RB cord-000282-phepjf55 75 61 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 62 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 75 63 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 75 64 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 76 1 Estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 76 2 stabilize stabilize VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 76 3 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 76 4 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 76 5 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 76 6 progresses progress VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 76 7 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 76 8 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 76 9 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 76 10 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 76 11 seen see VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 76 12 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 76 13 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 76 14 final final JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 76 15 data data NN cord-000282-phepjf55 76 16 sets set NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 76 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 76 18 April April NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 76 19 11 11 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 76 20 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 76 21 June June NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 76 22 5 5 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 76 23 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 76 24 April April NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 76 25 12 12 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 76 26 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 76 27 June June NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 76 28 19 19 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 76 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 76 30 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 77 1 For for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 77 2 comparison comparison NN cord-000282-phepjf55 77 3 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 77 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 77 5 plot plot VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 77 6 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 77 7 respective respective JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 77 8 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 77 9 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 77 10 curves curve NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 77 11 based base VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 77 12 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 77 13 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 77 14 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 77 15 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 77 16 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 77 17 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 77 18 estimated estimate VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 77 19 parameters parameter NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 77 20 described describe VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 77 21 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 77 22 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 77 23 table table NN cord-000282-phepjf55 77 24 above above IN cord-000282-phepjf55 77 25 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 77 26 Figure figure NN cord-000282-phepjf55 77 27 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 77 28 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 78 1 As as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 78 2 noted note VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 78 3 above above RB cord-000282-phepjf55 78 4 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 78 5 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 78 6 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 78 7 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 78 8 used use VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 78 9 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 78 10 estimate estimate VB cord-000282-phepjf55 78 11 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 78 12 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 78 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 78 14 t t NN cord-000282-phepjf55 78 15 i i NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 78 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 78 17 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 78 18 basic basic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 78 19 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 78 20 numbers number NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 78 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 78 22 R r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 78 23 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 78 24 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 78 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 78 26 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 78 27 if if IN cord-000282-phepjf55 78 28 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 78 29 generation generation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 78 30 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 78 31 T T NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 78 32 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 78 33 know know VB cord-000282-phepjf55 78 34 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 79 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 79 2 used use VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 79 3 T t NN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 4 = = SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 79 5 1.91 1.91 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 79 6 days day NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 79 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 79 8 95 95 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 79 9 % % NN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 10 CI ci NN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 11 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 79 12 1.30 1.30 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 79 13 - - SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 79 14 2.71 2.71 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 79 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 79 16 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 79 17 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 18 obtained obtain VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 19 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 79 21 2 2 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 79 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 79 23 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 24 fitting fit VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 79 25 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 79 26 age age NN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 27 stratified stratify VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 28 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 79 29 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 30 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 31 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 79 32 first first JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 79 33 recognized recognize VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 34 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 79 35 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 36 A a NN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 79 38 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 79 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 79 40 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 41 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 79 42 La La NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 79 43 Gloria Gloria NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 79 44 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 79 45 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 79 46 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 80 1 Estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 80 2 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 80 3 presented present VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 80 4 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 80 5 Table Table NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 80 6 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 80 7 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 81 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 81 2 also also RB cord-000282-phepjf55 81 3 conducted conduct VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 81 4 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-000282-phepjf55 81 5 analyses analysis NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 81 6 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 81 7 R r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 81 8 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 81 9 # # NN cord-000282-phepjf55 81 10 calculated calculate VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 81 11 based base VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 81 12 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 81 13 longer long JJR cord-000282-phepjf55 81 14 generation generation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 81 15 times time NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 81 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 81 17 T t NN cord-000282-phepjf55 81 18 = = SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 81 19 3.6 3.6 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 81 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 81 21 2.9 2.9 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 81 22 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 81 23 4.3 4.3 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 81 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 81 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 81 26 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 81 27 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 81 28 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 81 29 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 81 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 81 31 13 13 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 81 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 81 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 81 34 see see VB cord-000282-phepjf55 81 35 last last JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 81 36 column column NN cord-000282-phepjf55 81 37 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 81 38 Table Table NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 81 39 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 81 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 81 41 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 82 1 Excluding exclude VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 82 2 implausibly implausibly RB cord-000282-phepjf55 82 3 high high JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 82 4 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 82 5 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 82 6 R r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 82 7 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 82 8 generated generate VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 82 9 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 82 10 initial initial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 82 11 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 82 12 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 82 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 82 14 April April NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 82 15 13 13 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 82 16 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 82 17 May May NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 82 18 15 15 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 82 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 82 20 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 82 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 82 22 obtain obtain VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 82 23 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 82 24 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 82 25 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 82 26 R r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 82 27 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 82 28 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 82 29 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 82 30 2-phase 2-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 82 31 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 82 32 that that WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 82 33 range range VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 82 34 between between IN cord-000282-phepjf55 82 35 1.31 1.31 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 82 36 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 82 37 1.96 1.96 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 82 38 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 83 1 Inasmuch Inasmuch NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 83 2 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 3 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 83 4 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 5 analyzes analyze VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 83 6 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 83 7 general general JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 83 8 trends trend NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 83 9 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 10 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 83 11 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 83 13 e.g. e.g. RB cord-000282-phepjf55 83 14 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 83 15 turning turning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 16 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 17 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 83 18 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 83 19 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 20 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 83 21 etc etc FW cord-000282-phepjf55 83 22 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 83 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 83 24 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 83 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 83 26 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 83 27 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 83 28 used use VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 29 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 83 30 fit fit VB cord-000282-phepjf55 83 31 any any DT cord-000282-phepjf55 83 32 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 83 33 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 34 series series NN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 35 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 36 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 83 37 given give VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 38 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 39 process process NN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 40 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 83 41 as as RB cord-000282-phepjf55 83 42 long long RB cord-000282-phepjf55 83 43 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 44 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 83 45 rate rate NN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 46 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 47 change change NN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 48 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 49 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 83 50 recorded record VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 51 outcome outcome NN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 52 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 83 53 proportional proportional JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 83 54 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 55 changes change NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 83 56 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 57 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 83 58 true true JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 83 59 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 60 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 83 61 cases case NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 83 62 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 84 1 As as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 84 2 such such JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 84 3 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 84 4 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 84 5 comparison comparison NN cord-000282-phepjf55 84 6 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 84 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 84 8 fit fit VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 84 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 84 10 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 84 11 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 84 12 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 84 13 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 84 14 series series NN cord-000282-phepjf55 84 15 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 84 16 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 84 17 pH1N1 pH1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 84 18 hospitalizations hospitalization NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 84 19 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 84 20 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 84 21 posted post VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 84 22 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 84 23 PHAC PHAC NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 84 24 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 84 25 July July NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 84 26 15 15 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 84 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 84 28 11 11 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 84 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 84 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 84 31 that that DT cord-000282-phepjf55 84 32 last last JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 84 33 date date NN cord-000282-phepjf55 84 34 these these DT cord-000282-phepjf55 84 35 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 84 36 were be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 84 37 made make VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 84 38 available available JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 84 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 84 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 84 41 Table table NN cord-000282-phepjf55 84 42 3 3 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 84 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 84 44 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 85 1 This this DT cord-000282-phepjf55 85 2 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 85 3 series series NN cord-000282-phepjf55 85 4 was be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 85 5 easily easily RB cord-000282-phepjf55 85 6 fit fit JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 85 7 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 85 8 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 85 9 one one CD cord-000282-phepjf55 85 10 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 85 11 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 85 12 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 85 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 85 14 Figure figure NN cord-000282-phepjf55 85 15 2 2 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 85 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 85 17 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 86 1 Further further JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 86 2 examples example NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 86 3 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 86 4 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 86 5 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-000282-phepjf55 86 6 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 86 7 mortality mortality NN cord-000282-phepjf55 86 8 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 86 9 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 86 10 fit fit VB cord-000282-phepjf55 86 11 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 86 12 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 86 13 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 86 14 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 86 15 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 86 16 found find VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 86 17 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 86 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 86 19 14 14 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 86 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 86 21 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 87 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 87 2 used use VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 87 3 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 87 4 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 87 5 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 87 6 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 87 7 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 87 8 permits permit VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 87 9 estimation estimation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 87 10 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 87 11 key key JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 87 12 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 87 13 parameters parameter NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 87 14 based base VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 87 15 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 87 16 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 87 17 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 87 18 counts count NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 87 19 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 87 20 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 87 21 study study VB cord-000282-phepjf55 87 22 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 87 23 initial initial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 87 24 wave wave NN cord-000282-phepjf55 87 25 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 87 26 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 87 27 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 87 28 A a NN cord-000282-phepjf55 87 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 87 30 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 87 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 87 32 cases case NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 87 33 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 87 34 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 87 35 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 88 1 In in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 2 most most JJS cord-000282-phepjf55 88 3 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 4 fits fit VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 88 5 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 88 6 April April NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 88 7 28 28 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 88 8 - - SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 88 9 29 29 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 88 10 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 88 11 May May NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 88 12 4 4 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 88 13 - - SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 88 14 7 7 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 88 15 were be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 88 16 identified identify VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 17 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 18 early early JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 88 19 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 88 20 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 88 21 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 22 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 88 23 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 24 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 88 25 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 26 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 88 27 third third JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 88 28 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 88 29 final final JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 88 30 turning turning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 31 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 32 around around IN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 33 June June NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 88 34 3 3 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 88 35 - - SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 88 36 5 5 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 88 37 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 38 models model NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 88 39 based base VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 40 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 41 longer long JJR cord-000282-phepjf55 88 42 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 43 series series NN cord-000282-phepjf55 88 44 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 89 1 Although although IN cord-000282-phepjf55 89 2 this this DT cord-000282-phepjf55 89 3 modeling modeling NN cord-000282-phepjf55 89 4 approach approach NN cord-000282-phepjf55 89 5 was be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 89 6 not not RB cord-000282-phepjf55 89 7 able able JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 89 8 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 89 9 detect detect VB cord-000282-phepjf55 89 10 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 89 11 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 89 12 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 89 13 some some DT cord-000282-phepjf55 89 14 earlier early JJR cord-000282-phepjf55 89 15 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 89 16 sets set NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 89 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 89 18 e.g. e.g. RB cord-000282-phepjf55 89 19 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 89 20 those those DT cord-000282-phepjf55 89 21 limited limit VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 89 22 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 89 23 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 89 24 period period NN cord-000282-phepjf55 89 25 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 89 26 April April NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 89 27 12 12 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 89 28 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 89 29 May May NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 89 30 27 27 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 89 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 89 32 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 89 33 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 89 34 general general JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 89 35 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 89 36 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 89 37 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 89 38 identified identify VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 89 39 were be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 89 40 consistent consistent JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 89 41 across across IN cord-000282-phepjf55 89 42 multiple multiple JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 89 43 models model NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 89 44 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 89 45 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 89 46 series series NN cord-000282-phepjf55 89 47 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 90 1 Perhaps perhaps RB cord-000282-phepjf55 90 2 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 90 3 most most RBS cord-000282-phepjf55 90 4 important important JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 90 5 divergence divergence NN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 6 between between IN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 7 models model NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 90 8 occurred occur VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 90 9 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 10 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 90 11 detection detection NN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 12 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 13 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 90 14 April April NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 90 15 29 29 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 90 16 turning turning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 17 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 18 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 19 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 90 20 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 21 report report NN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 22 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 23 series series NN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 24 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 90 25 but but CC cord-000282-phepjf55 90 26 not not RB cord-000282-phepjf55 90 27 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 28 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 90 29 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 30 series series NN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 31 based base VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 32 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 33 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 90 34 cases case NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 90 35 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 91 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 91 2 believe believe VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 91 3 this this DT cord-000282-phepjf55 91 4 may may MD cord-000282-phepjf55 91 5 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 91 6 attributable attributable JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 91 7 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 91 8 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 91 9 small small JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 91 10 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 91 11 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 91 12 hospitalizations hospitalization NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 91 13 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 91 14 relative relative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 91 15 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 91 16 cases case NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 91 17 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 91 18 that that WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 91 19 had have VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 91 20 occurred occur VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 91 21 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 91 22 that that DT cord-000282-phepjf55 91 23 date date NN cord-000282-phepjf55 91 24 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 91 25 as as RB cord-000282-phepjf55 91 26 well well RB cord-000282-phepjf55 91 27 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 91 28 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 91 29 fact fact NN cord-000282-phepjf55 91 30 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 91 31 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-000282-phepjf55 91 32 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 91 33 only only RB cord-000282-phepjf55 91 34 became become VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 91 35 available available JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 91 36 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 91 37 April April NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 91 38 18 18 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 91 39 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 92 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 92 2 turning turning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 3 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 4 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 92 5 correspond correspond VB cord-000282-phepjf55 92 6 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 7 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 92 8 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 9 at at IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 10 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 92 11 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 12 control control NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 13 activities activity NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 92 14 take take VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 92 15 effect effect NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 92 17 such such JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 92 18 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 19 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 92 20 rate rate NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 21 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 22 change change NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 23 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 24 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 25 growth growth NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 26 begins begin VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 92 27 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 92 28 decline decline VB cord-000282-phepjf55 92 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 92 30 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 92 31 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 92 32 represent represent VB cord-000282-phepjf55 92 33 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 92 34 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 35 at at IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 36 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 92 37 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 92 38 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 39 begins begin VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 92 40 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 92 41 wane wane VB cord-000282-phepjf55 92 42 naturally naturally RB cord-000282-phepjf55 92 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 92 44 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 45 example example NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 46 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 92 47 due due IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 48 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 49 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 92 50 shifts shift NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 92 51 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 92 52 due due IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 53 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 54 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 92 55 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 56 having have VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 92 57 " " `` cord-000282-phepjf55 92 58 exhausted exhausted JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 92 59 " " '' cord-000282-phepjf55 92 60 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 92 61 supply supply NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 62 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 63 susceptibles susceptible NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 92 64 such such JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 92 65 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 66 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 92 67 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 92 68 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 69 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 70 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 92 71 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 72 declines decline VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 92 73 below below IN cord-000282-phepjf55 92 74 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 92 75 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 92 76 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 93 1 This this DT cord-000282-phepjf55 93 2 quantity quantity NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 3 has have VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 93 4 direct direct JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 93 5 policy policy NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 6 relevance relevance NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 7 ; ; : cord-000282-phepjf55 93 8 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 9 example example NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 10 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 93 11 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 12 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 93 13 autumn autumn NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 14 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 93 15 pH1N1 pH1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 93 16 wave wave NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 17 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 18 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 93 19 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 93 20 vaccination vaccination NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 21 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 22 pH1N1 pH1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 93 23 was be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 93 24 initiated initiate VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 25 at at IN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 26 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 93 27 after after IN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 28 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 93 29 turning turning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 30 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 31 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 32 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 93 33 autumn autumn NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 34 wave wave NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 35 due due IN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 36 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 37 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 93 38 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 39 taken take VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 40 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 93 41 produce produce VB cord-000282-phepjf55 93 42 vaccine vaccine NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 43 ; ; : cord-000282-phepjf55 93 44 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 45 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 93 46 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 47 was be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 93 48 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 49 natural natural JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 93 50 decline decline NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 51 at at IN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 52 that that DT cord-000282-phepjf55 93 53 point point NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 54 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 93 55 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 93 56 impact impact NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 57 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 58 vaccination vaccination NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 59 has have VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 93 60 subsequently subsequently RB cord-000282-phepjf55 93 61 been be VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 62 called call VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 63 into into IN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 64 question question NN cord-000282-phepjf55 93 65 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 94 1 Although although IN cord-000282-phepjf55 94 2 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 94 3 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 94 4 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 94 5 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 94 6 able able JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 94 7 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 94 8 capture capture VB cord-000282-phepjf55 94 9 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 94 10 temporal temporal JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 94 11 changes change NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 94 12 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 94 13 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 94 14 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 94 15 over over IN cord-000282-phepjf55 94 16 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 94 17 course course NN cord-000282-phepjf55 94 18 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 94 19 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 94 20 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 94 21 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 94 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 94 23 does do VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 94 24 not not RB cord-000282-phepjf55 94 25 define define VB cord-000282-phepjf55 94 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 94 27 biological biological JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 94 28 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 94 29 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 94 30 basis basis NN cord-000282-phepjf55 94 31 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 95 1 As as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 95 2 such such JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 95 3 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 95 4 determining determine VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 95 5 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 95 6 nature nature NN cord-000282-phepjf55 95 7 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 95 8 these these DT cord-000282-phepjf55 95 9 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 95 10 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 95 11 requires require VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 95 12 knowledge knowledge NN cord-000282-phepjf55 95 13 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 95 14 " " `` cord-000282-phepjf55 95 15 events event NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 95 16 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 95 17 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 95 18 ground ground NN cord-000282-phepjf55 95 19 " " '' cord-000282-phepjf55 95 20 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 95 21 correlation correlation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 95 22 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 96 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 96 2 suspect suspect VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 96 3 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 96 4 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 96 5 last last JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 96 6 Note note NN cord-000282-phepjf55 96 7 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 96 8 all all DT cord-000282-phepjf55 96 9 dates date NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 96 10 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 96 11 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 96 12 tables table NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 96 13 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 96 14 given give VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 96 15 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 96 16 month month NN cord-000282-phepjf55 96 17 / / SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 96 18 day day NN cord-000282-phepjf55 96 19 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 97 1 Dates date NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 97 2 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 97 3 posting post VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 97 4 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 97 5 listed list VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 97 6 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 97 7 parentheses parenthesis NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 97 8 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 98 1 Model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 98 2 duration duration NN cord-000282-phepjf55 98 3 indicates indicate VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 98 4 whether whether IN cord-000282-phepjf55 98 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 98 6 fit fit VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 98 7 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 98 8 1-phase 1-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 98 9 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 98 10 2phase 2phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 98 11 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 98 12 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 99 1 Note note VB cord-000282-phepjf55 99 2 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 99 3 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 99 4 maximum maximum JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 99 5 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 99 6 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 99 7 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 99 8 rounded round VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 99 9 off off RP cord-000282-phepjf55 99 10 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 99 11 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 99 12 nearest near JJS cord-000282-phepjf55 99 13 integer integer NN cord-000282-phepjf55 99 14 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 100 1 R r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 100 2 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 100 3 # # NN cord-000282-phepjf55 100 4 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 100 5 obtained obtain VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 100 6 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 100 7 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 100 8 generation generation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 100 9 interval interval NN cord-000282-phepjf55 100 10 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 100 11 T t NN cord-000282-phepjf55 100 12 = = SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 100 13 3.6 3.6 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 100 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 100 15 2.9 2.9 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 100 16 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 100 17 4.3 4.3 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 100 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 100 19 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 100 20 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 100 21 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 100 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 100 23 13 13 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 100 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 100 25 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 101 1 Table table NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 2 2 2 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 101 3 Comparison comparison NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 4 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 5 Akaike Akaike NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 101 6 information information NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 7 criterion criterion NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 101 9 AIC AIC NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 101 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 101 11 values value NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 101 12 between between IN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 13 1-phase 1-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 101 14 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 101 15 2-phase 2-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 101 16 models model NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 101 17 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 18 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 19 periods period NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 101 20 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 21 2-phase 2-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 101 22 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 23 fit fit JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 101 24 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 25 Table Table NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 101 26 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 101 27 Time Time NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 101 28 Table Table NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 101 29 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 101 30 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 101 31 last last JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 101 32 line line NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 101 34 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 101 35 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 101 36 1-phase 1-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 101 37 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 38 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 101 39 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 40 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 101 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 101 42 June June NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 101 43 11 11 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 101 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 101 45 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 101 46 this this DT cord-000282-phepjf55 101 47 lag lag NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 48 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 49 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 101 50 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 101 51 would would MD cord-000282-phepjf55 101 52 actually actually RB cord-000282-phepjf55 101 53 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 101 54 expected expect VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 55 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 101 56 due due IN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 57 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 58 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 101 59 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 60 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 61 initial initial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 101 62 onset onset NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 63 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 64 symptoms symptom NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 101 65 until until IN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 66 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 67 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 101 68 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 101 69 was be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 101 70 reported report VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 71 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 101 72 have have VB cord-000282-phepjf55 101 73 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 101 74 interquartile interquartile JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 101 75 range range NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 76 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 77 2 2 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 101 78 - - SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 101 79 7 7 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 101 80 days day NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 101 81 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 82 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 101 83 recent recent JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 101 84 study study NN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 85 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 101 86 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 101 87 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 101 88 15 15 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 101 89 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 101 90 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 102 1 Timelines timeline NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 102 2 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 102 3 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 102 4 2-phase 2-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 102 5 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 102 6 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 102 7 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 102 8 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 102 9 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 102 10 4/12 4/12 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 102 11 - - SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 102 12 6/19 6/19 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 102 13 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 102 14 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 102 15 1-phase 1-phase CD cord-000282-phepjf55 102 16 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 102 17 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 102 18 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-000282-phepjf55 102 19 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 102 20 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 102 21 presented present VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 102 22 graphically graphically RB cord-000282-phepjf55 102 23 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 102 24 Figure figure NN cord-000282-phepjf55 102 25 3 3 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 102 26 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 103 1 In in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 2 addition addition NN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 3 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 4 identifying identify VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 103 5 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 103 6 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 103 7 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 103 8 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 103 9 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 103 10 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 11 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 103 12 useful useful JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 103 13 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 14 estimation estimation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 15 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 16 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 103 17 basic basic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 103 18 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 103 19 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 103 21 R r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 22 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 103 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 103 24 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 25 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 103 26 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 27 process process NN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 28 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 103 29 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 103 30 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 103 31 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 103 32 derived derive VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 33 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 103 34 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 103 35 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 103 36 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 37 were be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 103 38 consistent consistent JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 103 39 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 40 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 103 41 derived derive VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 103 42 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 103 43 other other JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 103 44 methods method NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 103 45 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 104 1 For for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 2 example example NN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 3 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 104 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 104 5 R r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 6 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 104 7 agrees agree VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 104 8 almost almost RB cord-000282-phepjf55 104 9 perfectly perfectly RB cord-000282-phepjf55 104 10 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 11 that that DT cord-000282-phepjf55 104 12 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 13 Tuite Tuite NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 104 14 et et FW cord-000282-phepjf55 104 15 al al NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 104 16 . . NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 104 17 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 104 18 derived derive VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 19 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 104 20 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 104 21 Markov Markov NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 104 22 chain chain NN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 23 Monte Monte NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 104 24 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 104 25 simulation simulation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 26 parameterized parameterize VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 27 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 28 individual individual JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 104 29 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 104 30 level level NN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 31 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 104 32 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 33 Ontario Ontario NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 104 34 's 's POS cord-000282-phepjf55 104 35 public public JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 104 36 health health NN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 37 surveillance surveillance NN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 38 system system NN cord-000282-phepjf55 104 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 104 40 16 16 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 104 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 104 42 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 105 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 105 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 105 3 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 105 4 R r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 105 5 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 105 6 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 105 7 smaller small JJR cord-000282-phepjf55 105 8 than than IN cord-000282-phepjf55 105 9 that that DT cord-000282-phepjf55 105 10 derived derive VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 105 11 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 105 12 Fraser Fraser NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 105 13 et et NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 105 14 al al NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 105 15 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 106 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 106 2 2 2 LS cord-000282-phepjf55 106 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 106 4 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 106 5 Mexican mexican JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 106 6 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 106 7 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 106 8 but but CC cord-000282-phepjf55 106 9 such such JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 106 10 differences difference NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 106 11 could could MD cord-000282-phepjf55 106 12 relate relate VB cord-000282-phepjf55 106 13 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 14 part part NN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 15 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 16 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 106 17 different different JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 106 18 age age NN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 19 distributions distribution NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 106 20 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 21 these these DT cord-000282-phepjf55 106 22 two two CD cord-000282-phepjf55 106 23 countries country NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 106 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 106 25 17 17 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 106 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 106 27 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 106 28 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 106 29 may may MD cord-000282-phepjf55 106 30 also also RB cord-000282-phepjf55 106 31 reflect reflect VB cord-000282-phepjf55 106 32 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 106 33 fact fact NN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 34 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 35 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 106 36 estimate estimate NN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 37 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 106 38 obtained obtain VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 39 Canadian canadian JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 106 40 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 106 41 at at IN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 42 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 106 43 national national JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 106 44 level level NN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 45 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 106 46 while while IN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 47 empirical empirical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 106 48 Mexican mexican JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 106 49 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 106 50 were be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 106 51 based base VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 52 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 53 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 106 54 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 55 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 106 56 town town NN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 57 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 58 La La NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 106 59 Gloria Gloria NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 106 60 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 106 61 only only RB cord-000282-phepjf55 106 62 1575 1575 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 106 63 residents resident NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 106 64 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 107 1 Most Most JJS cord-000282-phepjf55 107 2 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 3 curves curve NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 107 4 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 5 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 107 6 early early JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 107 7 stage stage NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 8 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 9 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 107 10 novel novel JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 107 11 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 12 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 13 have have VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 107 14 multiple multiple JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 107 15 phases phase NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 107 16 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 107 17 waves wave NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 107 18 due due JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 107 19 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 20 simple simple JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 107 21 stochastic stochastic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 107 23 " " `` cord-000282-phepjf55 107 24 random random JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 107 25 " " '' cord-000282-phepjf55 107 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 107 27 variation variation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 28 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 107 29 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 107 30 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 31 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 32 importing importing NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 33 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 107 34 initial initial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 107 35 transmission transmission NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 36 networks network NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 107 37 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 107 38 individual individual JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 107 39 / / SYM cord-000282-phepjf55 107 40 community community NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 41 behavior behavior NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 42 changes change NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 107 43 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 107 44 improvements improvement NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 107 45 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 46 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 107 47 performance performance NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 48 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 49 surveillance surveillance NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 50 systems system NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 107 51 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 107 52 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 107 53 changes change NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 107 54 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 55 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 56 definitions definition NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 107 57 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 58 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 107 59 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 60 response response NN cord-000282-phepjf55 107 61 evolves evolve VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 107 62 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 108 1 However however RB cord-000282-phepjf55 108 2 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 108 3 changes change NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 108 4 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 5 phase phase NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 108 7 signified signify VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 8 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 9 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 108 10 presence presence NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 11 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 12 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 108 13 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 108 14 identified identify VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 15 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 108 16 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 108 17 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 108 18 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 108 20 may may MD cord-000282-phepjf55 108 21 also also RB cord-000282-phepjf55 108 22 pinpoint pinpoint VB cord-000282-phepjf55 108 23 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 108 24 timing timing NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 25 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 26 important important JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 27 changes change NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 108 28 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 29 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 30 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 108 31 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 108 32 such such JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 33 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 34 effective effective JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 35 control control NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 36 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 37 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 108 38 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 39 via via IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 40 vaccination vaccination NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 41 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 108 42 other other JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 43 control control NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 44 measures measure NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 108 45 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 108 46 depletion depletion NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 47 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 48 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 49 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 108 50 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 51 individuals individual NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 108 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 108 53 such such JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 54 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 55 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 108 56 effective effective JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 57 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 58 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 59 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 60 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 108 61 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 62 decreases decrease VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 63 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 64 < < XX cord-000282-phepjf55 108 65 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 108 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 108 67 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 108 68 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 108 69 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 108 70 peak peak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 71 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 72 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 108 73 " " `` cord-000282-phepjf55 108 74 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 75 " " '' cord-000282-phepjf55 108 76 wave wave NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 77 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 78 infection infection NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 79 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 108 80 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 81 occurs occur VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 82 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 83 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 108 84 4 4 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 108 85 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 108 86 18 18 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 108 87 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 108 88 19 19 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 108 89 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 108 90 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 108 91 some some DT cord-000282-phepjf55 108 92 competing compete VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 108 93 methods method NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 108 94 require require VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 108 95 more more RBR cord-000282-phepjf55 108 96 extensive extensive JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 97 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 108 98 detailed detailed JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 99 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 108 100 than than IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 101 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 108 102 required require VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 103 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 108 104 build build VB cord-000282-phepjf55 108 105 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 108 106 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 108 107 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 108 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 108 109 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 108 110 requires require VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 111 only only RB cord-000282-phepjf55 108 112 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 108 113 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 114 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 108 115 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 116 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 108 117 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 118 curve curve NN cord-000282-phepjf55 108 119 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 109 1 As as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 109 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 109 3 also also RB cord-000282-phepjf55 109 4 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 109 5 here here RB cord-000282-phepjf55 109 6 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 109 7 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 109 8 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 109 9 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 109 10 produces produce VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 109 11 fairly fairly RB cord-000282-phepjf55 109 12 stable stable JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 109 13 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 109 14 credible credible JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 109 15 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 109 16 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 109 17 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 109 18 numbers number NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 109 19 early early RB cord-000282-phepjf55 109 20 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 109 21 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 109 22 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 109 23 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 109 24 allowing allow VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 109 25 these these DT cord-000282-phepjf55 109 26 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 109 27 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 109 28 inform inform VB cord-000282-phepjf55 109 29 evolving evolve VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 109 30 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 109 31 Table table NN cord-000282-phepjf55 109 32 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 109 33 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 109 34 derived derive VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 109 35 using use VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 109 36 early early JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 109 37 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 109 38 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 109 39 accessed access VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 109 40 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 109 41 May May NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 109 42 20 20 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 109 43 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 109 44 closely closely RB cord-000282-phepjf55 109 45 approximate approximate VB cord-000282-phepjf55 109 46 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 109 47 final final JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 109 48 estimates estimate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 109 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 109 50 Table table NN cord-000282-phepjf55 109 51 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 109 52 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 109 53 last last JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 109 54 row row NN cord-000282-phepjf55 109 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 109 56 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 110 1 Thus thus RB cord-000282-phepjf55 110 2 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 110 3 while while IN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 4 early early JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 110 5 estimation estimation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 6 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 7 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 110 8 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 110 9 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 10 failed fail VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 110 11 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 110 12 correctly correctly RB cord-000282-phepjf55 110 13 detect detect VB cord-000282-phepjf55 110 14 turning turning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 15 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 110 16 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 110 17 accurately accurately RB cord-000282-phepjf55 110 18 estimate estimate VB cord-000282-phepjf55 110 19 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 110 20 final final JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 110 21 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 22 size size NN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 23 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 110 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 110 25 was be VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 110 26 nonetheless nonetheless RB cord-000282-phepjf55 110 27 useful useful JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 110 28 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 29 rapid rapid JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 110 30 estimation estimation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 31 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 32 R r NN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 33 0 0 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 110 34 within within IN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 35 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 110 36 month month NN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 37 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 38 first first JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 110 39 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 40 occurrence occurrence NN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 41 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 110 42 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 110 43 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 111 1 As as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 2 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 3 any any DT cord-000282-phepjf55 111 4 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 111 5 modeling modeling NN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 6 technique technique NN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 7 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 111 8 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 111 9 approach approach NN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 10 presented present VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 11 here here RB cord-000282-phepjf55 111 12 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 111 13 subject subject JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 111 14 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 15 limitations limitation NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 111 16 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 111 17 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 111 18 include include VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 111 19 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 111 20 quality quality NN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 21 associated associate VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 22 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 23 real real JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 111 24 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 111 25 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 26 modeling modeling NN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 111 28 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 29 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 111 30 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 111 31 often often RB cord-000282-phepjf55 111 32 subject subject JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 111 33 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 34 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 111 35 cleaning cleaning NN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 36 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 111 37 correction correction NN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 38 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 111 39 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 111 40 reclassification reclassification NN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 41 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 42 onset onset NN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 43 dates date NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 111 44 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 45 further further JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 111 46 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 111 47 become become VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 111 48 available available JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 111 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 111 50 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 111 51 reporting reporting NN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 52 delays delay NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 111 53 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 111 54 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 111 55 problems problem NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 111 56 related relate VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 57 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 111 58 missing miss VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 111 59 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 111 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 111 61 which which WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 111 62 may may MD cord-000282-phepjf55 111 63 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 111 64 non non JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 111 65 - - JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 111 66 random random JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 111 67 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 111 68 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 112 1 In in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 112 3 current current JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 112 4 study study NN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 5 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 112 6 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 112 7 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 112 8 approach approach NN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 9 used use VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 10 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 11 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 112 12 's 's POS cord-000282-phepjf55 112 13 most most RBS cord-000282-phepjf55 112 14 populous populous JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 112 15 province province NN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 112 17 Ontario Ontario NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 112 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 112 19 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 20 replacement replacement NN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 21 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 22 missing miss VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 112 23 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 112 24 could could MD cord-000282-phepjf55 112 25 have have VB cord-000282-phepjf55 112 26 had have VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 27 distorting distort VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 112 28 effects effect NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 112 29 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 30 measured measure VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 31 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 32 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 33 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 112 34 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 112 35 replacement replacement NN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 36 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 37 missing miss VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 112 38 onset onset NN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 39 dates date NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 112 40 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 41 dates date NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 112 42 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 43 specimen specimen NN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 44 collection collection NN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 45 could could MD cord-000282-phepjf55 112 46 have have VB cord-000282-phepjf55 112 47 resulted result VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 48 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 49 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 112 50 artifactual artifactual JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 112 51 appearance appearance NN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 52 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 53 early early JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 112 54 turning turn VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 112 55 points point NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 112 56 identified identify VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 57 by by IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 58 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 112 59 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 60 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 112 61 due due IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 62 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 63 limitations limitation NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 112 64 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 65 weekend weekend NN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 66 staffing staff VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 112 67 early early RB cord-000282-phepjf55 112 68 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 69 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 112 70 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 112 71 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 113 1 If if IN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 2 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 113 3 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 113 5 believe believe VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 113 6 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 113 7 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 113 8 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 113 9 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 10 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 113 11 public public JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 113 12 health health NN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 13 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 113 14 did do VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 113 15 not not RB cord-000282-phepjf55 113 16 have have VB cord-000282-phepjf55 113 17 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 113 18 emergency emergency NN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 19 staffing staffing NN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 20 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 113 21 keep keep VB cord-000282-phepjf55 113 22 up up RP cord-000282-phepjf55 113 23 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 24 testing testing NN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 25 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 26 weekends weekend NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 113 27 such such JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 113 28 that that DT cord-000282-phepjf55 113 29 weekend weekend NN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 30 specimen specimen NN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 31 log log NN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 32 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 113 33 ins in NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 113 34 declined decline VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 113 35 sharply sharply RB cord-000282-phepjf55 113 36 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 113 37 this this DT cord-000282-phepjf55 113 38 would would MD cord-000282-phepjf55 113 39 have have VB cord-000282-phepjf55 113 40 created create VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 41 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 113 42 appearance appearance NN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 43 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 44 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 45 " " `` cord-000282-phepjf55 113 46 fade fade VB cord-000282-phepjf55 113 47 out out RP cord-000282-phepjf55 113 48 " " '' cord-000282-phepjf55 113 49 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 113 50 weekends weekend NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 113 51 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 114 1 Other other JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 114 2 factors factor NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 114 3 that that WDT cord-000282-phepjf55 114 4 might may MD cord-000282-phepjf55 114 5 distort distort VB cord-000282-phepjf55 114 6 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 114 7 apparent apparent JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 114 8 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 9 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 10 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 11 include include VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 114 12 changes change NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 114 13 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 14 guidelines guideline NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 114 15 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 16 laboratory laboratory NN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 17 testing testing NN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 18 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 19 suspected suspect VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 20 cases case NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 114 21 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 114 22 improved improve VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 23 surveillance surveillance NN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 24 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 114 25 public public JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 114 26 health health NN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 27 alerts alert NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 114 28 at at IN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 29 later later JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 114 30 stages stage NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 114 31 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 32 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 114 33 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 34 leading lead VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 114 35 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 36 increased increase VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 37 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 38 ascertainment ascertainment NN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 39 or or CC cord-000282-phepjf55 114 40 over over RB cord-000282-phepjf55 114 41 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 114 42 reporting reporting NN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 43 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 114 44 cases case NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 114 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 114 46 20 20 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 114 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 114 48 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 115 1 However however RB cord-000282-phepjf55 115 2 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 115 3 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 115 4 quality quality NN cord-000282-phepjf55 115 5 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 115 6 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 115 7 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 115 8 series series NN cord-000282-phepjf55 115 9 will will MD cord-000282-phepjf55 115 10 tend tend VB cord-000282-phepjf55 115 11 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 115 12 improve improve VB cord-000282-phepjf55 115 13 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 115 14 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 115 15 duration duration NN cord-000282-phepjf55 115 16 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 115 17 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 115 18 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 115 19 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 115 20 both both CC cord-000282-phepjf55 115 21 because because IN cord-000282-phepjf55 115 22 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 115 23 variation variation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 115 24 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 115 25 " " `` cord-000282-phepjf55 115 26 smoothed smooth VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 115 27 out out RP cord-000282-phepjf55 115 28 " " '' cord-000282-phepjf55 115 29 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 115 30 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 115 31 also also RB cord-000282-phepjf55 115 32 because because IN cord-000282-phepjf55 115 33 small small JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 115 34 variations variation NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 115 35 become become VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 115 36 less less RBR cord-000282-phepjf55 115 37 important important JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 115 38 as as IN cord-000282-phepjf55 115 39 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 115 40 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 115 41 series series NN cord-000282-phepjf55 115 42 becomes become VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 115 43 longer long RBR cord-000282-phepjf55 115 44 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 116 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 116 2 note note VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 116 3 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 4 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 116 5 further further JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 116 6 application application NN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 7 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 8 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 116 9 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 116 10 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 11 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 12 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 116 13 context context NN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 14 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 15 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 16 would would MD cord-000282-phepjf55 116 17 relate relate VB cord-000282-phepjf55 116 18 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 19 comparison comparison NN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 20 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 21 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 116 22 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 23 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 24 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 116 25 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 116 26 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 27 A a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 116 28 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 116 29 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 30 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 31 past past JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 116 32 Canadian canadian JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 116 33 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 116 34 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 116 35 though though IN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 36 such such PDT cord-000282-phepjf55 116 37 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 116 38 endeavor endeavor NN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 39 is be VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 116 40 beyond beyond IN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 41 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 116 42 scope scope NN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 43 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 44 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 116 45 present present JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 116 46 study study NN cord-000282-phepjf55 116 47 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 117 1 In in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 117 2 summary summary NN cord-000282-phepjf55 117 3 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 117 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 117 5 believe believe VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 117 6 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 117 7 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 117 8 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 117 9 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 117 10 provides provide VBZ cord-000282-phepjf55 117 11 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 117 12 important important JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 117 13 tool tool NN cord-000282-phepjf55 117 14 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 117 15 rapid rapid JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 117 16 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 117 17 modeling modeling NN cord-000282-phepjf55 117 18 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 117 19 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 117 20 face face NN cord-000282-phepjf55 117 21 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 117 22 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 117 23 public public JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 117 24 health health NN cord-000282-phepjf55 117 25 crisis crisis NN cord-000282-phepjf55 117 26 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 118 1 However however RB cord-000282-phepjf55 118 2 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 118 3 predictions prediction NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 118 4 based base VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 118 5 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 118 6 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 118 7 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 118 8 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 118 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 118 10 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 118 11 all all DT cord-000282-phepjf55 118 12 other other JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 118 13 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 118 14 models model NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 118 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 118 16 should should MD cord-000282-phepjf55 118 17 be be VB cord-000282-phepjf55 118 18 interpreted interpret VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 118 19 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 118 20 caution caution NN cord-000282-phepjf55 118 21 early early RB cord-000282-phepjf55 118 22 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 118 23 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 118 24 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 118 25 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 118 26 when when WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 118 27 one one CD cord-000282-phepjf55 118 28 need need NN cord-000282-phepjf55 118 29 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 118 30 balance balance VB cord-000282-phepjf55 118 31 urgency urgency NN cord-000282-phepjf55 118 32 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 118 33 sound sound JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 118 34 modeling modeling NN cord-000282-phepjf55 118 35 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 119 1 At at IN cord-000282-phepjf55 119 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-000282-phepjf55 119 3 worst bad JJS cord-000282-phepjf55 119 4 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 119 5 hasty hasty JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 119 6 predictions prediction NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 119 7 are be VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 119 8 not not RB cord-000282-phepjf55 119 9 only only RB cord-000282-phepjf55 119 10 unhelpful unhelpful JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 119 11 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 119 12 but but CC cord-000282-phepjf55 119 13 can can MD cord-000282-phepjf55 119 14 mislead mislead VB cord-000282-phepjf55 119 15 public public JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 119 16 health health NN cord-000282-phepjf55 119 17 officials official NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 119 18 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 119 19 adversely adversely RB cord-000282-phepjf55 119 20 influence influence VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 119 21 public public JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 119 22 sentiments sentiment NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 119 23 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 119 24 responses response NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 119 25 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 119 26 undermine undermine VB cord-000282-phepjf55 119 27 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 119 28 perceived perceived JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 119 29 credibility credibility NN cord-000282-phepjf55 119 30 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 119 31 future future NN cord-000282-phepjf55 119 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 119 33 more more RBR cord-000282-phepjf55 119 34 accurate accurate JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 119 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 119 36 models model NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 119 37 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 119 38 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 119 39 become become VB cord-000282-phepjf55 119 40 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 119 41 hindrance hindrance NN cord-000282-phepjf55 119 42 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 119 43 intervention intervention NN cord-000282-phepjf55 119 44 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 119 45 control control NN cord-000282-phepjf55 119 46 efforts effort NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 119 47 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 119 48 general general JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 119 49 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 120 1 Additional additional JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 120 2 file file NN cord-000282-phepjf55 120 3 1 1 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 120 4 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 120 5 Electronic Electronic NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 120 6 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 120 7 Material Material NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 120 8 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 121 1 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 122 1 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 122 2 novel novel NN cord-000282-phepjf55 122 3 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 122 4 A(H1N1 A(H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 122 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 123 1 daily daily NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 123 2 laboratory laboratory NN cord-000282-phepjf55 123 3 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 123 4 confirmed confirm VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 123 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 123 6 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 123 7 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 123 8 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 123 9 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-000282-phepjf55 123 10 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 123 11 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 124 1 Epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 124 2 Science science NN cord-000282-phepjf55 124 3 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 124 4 Real real JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 124 5 Time Time NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 124 6 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 124 7 Potential potential NN cord-000282-phepjf55 124 8 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 124 9 a a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 124 10 Strain Strain NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 124 11 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 124 12 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 124 13 A A NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 124 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 124 15 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 124 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 124 17 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 125 1 Early early JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 125 2 Findings finding NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 126 1 A a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 126 2 flexible flexible JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 126 3 growth growth NN cord-000282-phepjf55 126 4 function function NN cord-000282-phepjf55 126 5 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 126 6 empirical empirical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 126 7 use use NN cord-000282-phepjf55 127 1 How how WRB cord-000282-phepjf55 127 2 generation generation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 127 3 intervals interval NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 127 4 shape shape VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 127 5 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 127 6 relationship relationship NN cord-000282-phepjf55 127 7 between between IN cord-000282-phepjf55 127 8 growth growth NN cord-000282-phepjf55 127 9 rates rate NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 127 10 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 127 11 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 127 12 numbers number NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 127 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 127 14 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-000282-phepjf55 127 15 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 128 1 Emerging emerge VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 128 2 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 128 3 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-000282-phepjf55 128 4 Real real JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 128 5 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 128 6 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 128 7 forecast forecast NN cord-000282-phepjf55 128 8 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 128 9 multi multi JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 128 10 - - JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 128 11 wave wave JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 128 12 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 128 13 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 128 14 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 129 1 Emerging emerge VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 129 2 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 129 3 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-000282-phepjf55 129 4 Richards Richards NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 129 5 Model Model NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 129 6 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 130 1 A a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 130 2 Simple Simple NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 3 Procedure Procedure NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 4 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 5 Real real JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 130 6 - - HYPH cord-000282-phepjf55 130 7 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 8 Prediction prediction NN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 9 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 10 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 11 Severity Severity NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 12 Intervention Intervention NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 13 Measures Measures NNPS cord-000282-phepjf55 130 14 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 130 15 Turning Turning NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 16 Point Point NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 17 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 130 18 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 130 19 Reproduction Reproduction NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 20 Number Number NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 21 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 22 Dengue Dengue NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 23 Turning Turning NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 24 Points Points NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 25 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 130 26 reproduction reproduction NN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 27 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 28 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 130 29 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 130 30 Impact Impact NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 31 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 32 Climatological climatological JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 130 33 events event NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 130 34 on on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 35 Multi Multi NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 36 - - JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 130 37 Wave wave JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 130 38 Dengue Dengue NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 39 Outbreaks Outbreaks NNPS cord-000282-phepjf55 130 40 Public Public NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 41 Health Health NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 42 Agency Agency NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 43 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 44 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 45 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 130 46 Cases case NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 130 47 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 48 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 49 Flu Flu NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 50 Virus Virus NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 51 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 52 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 53 Public Public NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 54 Health Health NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 55 Agency Agency NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 56 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 57 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 58 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 130 59 Cases case NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 130 60 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 61 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 62 Flu Flu NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 63 Virus Virus NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 130 64 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 130 65 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 131 1 A a DT cord-000282-phepjf55 131 2 new new JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 131 3 look look NN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 4 at at IN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 5 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 131 6 statistical statistical JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 131 7 model model NN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 8 identification identification NN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 9 Estimation estimation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 10 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 11 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 131 12 serial serial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 131 13 interval interval NN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 14 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 15 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 16 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 131 17 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 18 A A NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 131 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 131 20 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 131 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 131 22 during during IN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 23 winter winter NN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 24 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 25 season season NN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 26 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 27 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 131 28 southern southern JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 131 29 hemisphere hemisphere NN cord-000282-phepjf55 131 30 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 132 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 132 2 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 132 3 Other other JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 132 4 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 132 5 Viruses virus NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 133 1 Critically critically RB cord-000282-phepjf55 133 2 ill ill JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 133 3 patients patient NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 133 4 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 133 5 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 133 6 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 133 7 A(H1N1 a(h1n1 NN cord-000282-phepjf55 133 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 133 9 infection infection NN cord-000282-phepjf55 133 10 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 133 11 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 133 12 Estimated estimate VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 133 13 epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 133 14 parameters parameter NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 133 15 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 133 16 morbidity morbidity NN cord-000282-phepjf55 133 17 associated associate VBN cord-000282-phepjf55 133 18 with with IN cord-000282-phepjf55 133 19 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 133 20 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 133 21 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 133 22 Age Age NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 133 23 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 133 24 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 133 25 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 133 26 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 133 27 disease disease NN cord-000282-phepjf55 133 28 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 134 1 Comparative comparative JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 134 2 estimation estimation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 134 3 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 134 4 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 134 5 reproduction reproduction NN cord-000282-phepjf55 134 6 number number NN cord-000282-phepjf55 134 7 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 134 8 pandemic pandemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 134 9 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 134 10 from from IN cord-000282-phepjf55 134 11 daily daily JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 134 12 case case NN cord-000282-phepjf55 134 13 notification notification NN cord-000282-phepjf55 134 14 data datum NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 135 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 135 2 ideal ideal JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 135 3 reporting reporting NN cord-000282-phepjf55 135 4 interval interval NN cord-000282-phepjf55 135 5 for for IN cord-000282-phepjf55 135 6 an an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 135 7 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 135 8 to to TO cord-000282-phepjf55 135 9 objectively objectively RB cord-000282-phepjf55 135 10 interpret interpret VB cord-000282-phepjf55 135 11 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 135 12 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 135 13 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 135 14 course course NN cord-000282-phepjf55 135 15 Initial initial JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 135 16 human human JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 135 17 transmission transmission NN cord-000282-phepjf55 135 18 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 135 19 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 135 20 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 135 21 pandemic pandemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 135 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 135 23 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 135 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 135 25 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 135 26 virus virus NN cord-000282-phepjf55 135 27 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 135 28 North North NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 135 29 America America NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 135 30 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 136 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 136 2 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 136 3 Other other JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 136 4 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 136 5 Viruses virus NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 137 1 On on IN cord-000282-phepjf55 137 2 epidemic epidemic NN cord-000282-phepjf55 137 3 modeling modeling NN cord-000282-phepjf55 137 4 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 137 5 real real JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 137 6 time time NN cord-000282-phepjf55 137 7 : : : cord-000282-phepjf55 137 8 An an DT cord-000282-phepjf55 137 9 application application NN cord-000282-phepjf55 137 10 to to IN cord-000282-phepjf55 137 11 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 137 12 2009 2009 CD cord-000282-phepjf55 137 13 Novel Novel NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 137 14 A A NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 137 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 137 16 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 137 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-000282-phepjf55 137 18 influenza influenza NN cord-000282-phepjf55 137 19 outbreak outbreak NN cord-000282-phepjf55 137 20 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 137 21 Canada Canada NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 137 22 Authors Authors NNPS cord-000282-phepjf55 137 23 ' ' POS cord-000282-phepjf55 137 24 contributions contribution NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 137 25 YHH YHH NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 137 26 conceived conceive VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 137 27 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 137 28 study study NN cord-000282-phepjf55 137 29 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 137 30 carried carry VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 137 31 out out RP cord-000282-phepjf55 137 32 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 137 33 analysis analysis NN cord-000282-phepjf55 137 34 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 137 35 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 137 36 wrote write VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 137 37 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 137 38 first first JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 137 39 draft draft NN cord-000282-phepjf55 137 40 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 138 1 DF DF NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 138 2 interpreted interpret VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 138 3 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 138 4 results result NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 138 5 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 138 6 revised revise VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 138 7 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 138 8 manuscript manuscript NN cord-000282-phepjf55 138 9 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 139 1 JW JW NNP cord-000282-phepjf55 139 2 participated participate VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 139 3 in in IN cord-000282-phepjf55 139 4 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 139 5 analysis analysis NN cord-000282-phepjf55 139 6 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 139 7 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 139 8 interpretation interpretation NN cord-000282-phepjf55 139 9 of of IN cord-000282-phepjf55 139 10 results result NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 139 11 , , , cord-000282-phepjf55 139 12 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 139 13 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 139 14 writing writing NN cord-000282-phepjf55 139 15 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 140 1 All all DT cord-000282-phepjf55 140 2 authors author NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 140 3 read read VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 140 4 and and CC cord-000282-phepjf55 140 5 approved approve VBD cord-000282-phepjf55 140 6 the the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 140 7 final final JJ cord-000282-phepjf55 140 8 manuscript manuscript NN cord-000282-phepjf55 140 9 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 141 1 The the DT cord-000282-phepjf55 141 2 authors author NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 141 3 declare declare VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 141 4 that that IN cord-000282-phepjf55 141 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-000282-phepjf55 141 6 have have VBP cord-000282-phepjf55 141 7 no no DT cord-000282-phepjf55 141 8 competing compete VBG cord-000282-phepjf55 141 9 interests interest NNS cord-000282-phepjf55 141 10 . . . cord-000282-phepjf55 141 11 _SP