key: cord-315101-7mim3yl6 authors: Kumar Gupta, Pramod title: New disease old vaccine: Is recombinant BCG vaccine an answer for COVID-19? date: 2020-07-28 journal: Cell Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104187 sha: doc_id: 315101 cord_uid: 7mim3yl6 Mycobacterium bovis BCG, a live attenuated tuberculosis vaccine offers protection against disseminated TB in children. BCG exhibits heterologous protective effects against unrelated infections and reduces infant mortality due to non-mycobacterial infections. Recent reports have suggested that BCG vaccination might have protective effects against COVID-19, however it is highly unlikely that BCG vaccine in its current form can offer complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the lack of specific immunity. Nonetheless, recombinant BCG strains expressing antigens of SARS-CoV-2 may offer protection against COVID-19 due to the activation of innate as well as specific adaptive immune response. Further proven safety records of BCG in humans, its adjuvant activity and low cost manufacturing makes it a frontrunner in the vaccine development to stop this pandemic. In this review we discuss about the heterologous effects of BCG, induction of trained immunity and its implication in development of a potential vaccine against COVID-19 pandemic. reported globally (https://covid19.who.int/). Before COVID-19, human coronaviruses (CoVs) have The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spread over 210 countries and territories till date. 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Bacille Calmette-Guerin 516 construct expressing the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein enhances dendritic cell 517 activation and primes for circumsporozoite-specific memory cells in BALB/c mice, Vaccine Immune response induced by recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing ROP2 gene of Toxoplasma gondii Plasmidic 523 versus Insertional Cloning of Heterologous Genes in Mycobacterium bovis BCG: Impact on Vivo Antigen Persistence and Immune Responses Recombinant ChAdOx1 Is Safe, Stable, and Elicits HIV-1-Specific T-Cell Responses in BALB/c Mice, 528 Frontiers in Immunology Conflict of interest disclosure: Author has no conflict of interest to disclose Intramural funding by Department of Atomic Energy, India 547  Acknowledgments: I acknowledge Department of Atomic Energy  COVID-19, the global pandemic has infected more than 3.6 million people causing more 552 than 2.5 lac deaths worldwide dry cough, breathing difficulties (dyspnoea), headache and pneumonia are the 554 common symptoms  Tuberculosis vaccine BCG exhibits beneficial heterologous effects  Recombinant BCG vaccine expressing S protein may be a potential vaccine candidate