id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-000153-134qz0aw	Cheung, Benny KW	A novel anti-mycobacterial function of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1	2009-12-17		.txt	text/plain	4332	281	54	Our previous results showed that Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), a mycobacterium used as a model to investigate the immune response against MTB, stimulates the induction of TNF-α via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in human blood monocytes. Since MAPK is regulated by MKP-1 in response to LPS and the activation of MAPK is important in BCGinduced cytokine expression, we hypothesize that MKP-1 plays a critical role in the immune regulation of BCG in human monocytes. The results revealed that MKP-1 plays a role in the induction of TNF-α expression upon BCG stimulation, which may be different from that of its conventional functions in which MKP-1 acts as a negative regulator in LPS-induced signaling pathways [7] . Similar to the results of cytokine expression, phosphorylation of both p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 in response to BCG was decreased in monocytes transfected with MKP-1 siRNA instead of the expected increase in phosphorylation ( Figure 5 ).	./cache/cord-000153-134qz0aw.txt	./txt/cord-000153-134qz0aw.txt