# pos

id: cord-173774-idj19hd3
pos: JJ
token:
  https://www.research.ox.ac.uk/Article/2020-04-16-digital-contact-tracing-can-slow-or-even-stop-coronavi

lemma:
  https://www.research.ox.ac.uk/article/2020-04-16-digital-contact-tracing-can-slow-or-even-stop-coronavi


# ent

id: cord-024247-r7m68lij
type: DNA
entity:
  ICOPE project and App on community dwelling older adults and revisiting strategies towards geriatricians and primary care physicians


id: cord-034677-40k68edc
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  aber gleichzeitig erlaubt epidemiologischrelevante Daten auf freiwilliger Basis zu sammeln Zum einen ist der Einbezug


id: cord-034677-40k68edc
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  sich mit dem Spannungsfeld zwischen der Nutzenbewertung einer Contact Tracing App und dem Datenschutzniveau Speziell wird auf Kriterien


id: cord-013249-08t7incb
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Authentifizierungskarten 4 5 Das Smartphone ist unbestreitbar eine der am kontroversesten diskutierten


id: cord-013249-08t7incb
type: DISEASE
entity:
  Kriterienkatalog zur Selbstdeklaration der Qualität von Gesundheits Gesetz für eine bessere Versorgung durch Digitalisierung und Innovation Digitale Versorgung Gesetz Vom 09 Dezember


id: cord-353340-l0icku0i
type: ORG
entity:
  Cross Sectional Assessment of Attitudes and Behaviour Survey of Healthcare Workers and Patients date


id: cord-298569-174bzxdh
type: ORG
entity:
  the Division of Ruminant Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences


id: cord-229942-vofuo2g1
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  N IP t p p p app denotes an estimated value of N IP t p p p app and T max denotes the max simulation period T max 45


id: cord-354678-tlba8flz
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Use of Implementation Science Tools to Design Implement and Monitor a Community Based mHealth Intervention for Child Health


id: cord-350000-eqn3kl5p
type: DNA
entity:
  A1 A8 A9 A10 A13 A16 A18 A21 A23 A25 A30 A33 A37 A40 A41 A44 A56 A59 A62 A66 A67 A70 A82 A86 A92 A98 A105 A106 A111 A121 I1 I2 I6 I10 I11 I13 I16 I18 I23 I25 I29 I30 I32 I34 I40 I42 54 Breathing exercises A3 A6 A20 A21 A23 A25 A29 A30 A34 A37 A41 I29 I33 I7 I9 31 Games A31 A32 A43 A46 A51 A58 A60 A63 A65 A84 A96 A101 A112 A119 A120 I12 I14 I15 I17 I20 I22 I24 I27 I28 I31 I36 I39 I41 I43 I44 33


id: cord-350000-eqn3kl5p
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  A6 A11 A20 A29 A38 A86 A112 I1 I13 I18 10 Self esteem and confidence A18 A20 A21 A83 A88 A118 A121 I1 I2 I5 I18 I26 12


id: cord-350000-eqn3kl5p
type: GGP
entity:
  A12 A33 A34 A48 A66 A69 A70 A72 A78 A79 A88 A91 A103 A113 I19 I7 17 Stories A8 A18 A30 A36 A49 A59 A82 A98 A118 I8 I9 I18 I29 I30 I32 I42 16 Mindfulness practices A10 A12 A20


# url

id: cord-173774-idj19hd3
domain: www.research.ox.ac.uk
url:
  http://www.research.ox.ac.uk/Article/2020-04-16-digital-contact-tracing-can-slow-or-even-stop-coronavi


# bib

id: cord-003685-jcvrqeew
title: Acute Phase Proteins in Marine Mammals: State of Art, Perspectives and Challenges
author: Gelain, Maria Elena
date: 2019-05-29
txt: ./txt/cord-003685-jcvrqeew.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-003685-jcvrqeew.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6549532/
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01220
summary:
  The APPs have demonstrated their role as early markers of inflammation in veterinary medicine, thus several APPs were tested in marine mammals, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid-A (SAA), and Haptoglobin (Hp). To examine the humoral response, species-specific antibodies against IgG were produced and used to evaluate serum IgG levels in killer whale by radial immunodiffusion assay (41) and by competitive ELISA in bottlenose dolphins (42, 43) . Serum total protein analysis were used to assess health status in several cetaceans species such as pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) (48), beluga (49) , minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) (50) and killer whales (51) as well as in other marine mammals, like harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) (52) and walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) (53) . The availability of sensitive markers of inflammation both for free-ranging and managed marine mammals is nowadays considered fundamental to evaluate the health status and, in rehabilitation setting, to monitor the response to therapy and to define the prognosis.

abstract:
  The term “acute phase response” (APR) is referred to a nonspecific and complex reaction of an organism that occurs shortly after any tissue damage, such as infection, trauma, neoplasia, inflammation, and stress. The APR can be identified and monitored with some laboratory tests, such as the concentration of several plasma proteins, the acute phase proteins (APPs). The APPs are components of the non-specific innate immune response, and their plasma concentration is proportional to the severity and/or the extent of tissue damage. The evaluation of health status of marine mammals is difficult because the classical clinical signs of illness used for human and domestic animals are difficult to recognize and understand. For this reason, in the past years, several efforts were done to identify laboratory markers of disease in these animals. The APPs have demonstrated their role as early markers of inflammation in veterinary medicine, thus several APPs were tested in marine mammals, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid-A (SAA), and Haptoglobin (Hp). However, the difficulty to extrapolate the knowledge about APPs in one species to another, the lack of specie-specific reagents, the absence of data about negative APPs have hampered their extent use in marine mammals. Herein, the state of art of APPs in marine mammals is reviewed, with particular attention to pre-analytical and analytical factors that should be taken into account in validation and interpretation of APPs assays. Moreover, the current application, potential utility and the future developments of APPs in marine mammals is highlighted and discussed.


id: cord-005372-7x8ro8p2
author: Jiménez, Luisa Fernanda Mancipe
date: 2014-08-08
txt: ./txt/cord-005372-7x8ro8p2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-005372-7x8ro8p2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7091121/
doi: 10.1007/s12250-014-3471-5
summary:
  PRDC is caused by a combination of viral and bacterial agents, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Myh), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Pasteurella multocida and Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). Our findings indicate that positive farms have increased risk of PRDC presentation, in particular, PCV2, APP and Myh. Swine infl uenza is an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease resulting from infection with type A infl uenza virus, a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family. PRDC results from a combination of viral and bacterial agents, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Myh), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Pasteurella multocida and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) (Kim J, et al., 2003) . The main goal of the current research was to generate surveillance, epidemiological, antigenic as well as phylogenetic data to ascertain the presence of swine influenza (H1N1) pandemic virus and determine its association with PRDC (PRRSV, Myh, APP and PCV2) in sows from production farms in Colombia.

title:
  Association of swine influenza H1N1 pandemic virus (SIV-H1N1p) with porcine respiratory disease complex in sows from commercial pig farms in Colombia

abstract:
  Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a serious health problem that mainly affects growing and finishing pigs. PRDC is caused by a combination of viral and bacterial agents, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Myh), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Pasteurella multocida and Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). To characterize the specific role of swine influenza virus in PRDC presentation in Colombia, 11 farms from three major production regions in Colombia were examined in this study. Nasal swabs, bronchial lavage and lung tissue samples were obtained from animals displaying symptoms compatible with SIV. Isolation of SIV was performed in 9-day embryonated chicken eggs or Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. Positive isolates, identified via the hemagglutination inhibition test, were further analyzed using PCR. Overall, 7 of the 11 farms were positive for SIV. Notably, sequencing of the gene encoding the hemagglutinin (HA) protein led to grouping of strains into circulating viruses identified during the human outbreak of 2009, classified as pandemic H1N1-2009. Serum samples from 198 gilts and multiparous sows between 2008 and 2009 were obtained to determine antibody presence of APP, Myh, PCV2 and PRRSV in both SIV-H1N1p-negative and -positive farms, but higher levels were recorded for SIV-H1N1p-positive farms. Odds ratio (OR) and P values revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in PRDC presentation in gilts and multiparous sows of farms positive for SIV-H1N1p. Our findings indicate that positive farms have increased risk of PRDC presentation, in particular, PCV2, APP and Myh.


id: cord-013249-08t7incb
title: Digitalisierung in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie: Stand 2020 in Klinik und Praxis
author: Pförringer, Dominik
date: 2020-10-16
txt: ./txt/cord-013249-08t7incb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-013249-08t7incb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7566994/
doi: 10.1007/s00113-020-00895-3
summary:
  Die Vorzüge eines angemessenen Einsatzes von Apps im Bereich der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (OU) sind jedoch unbestreitbar und könnten ein enormes Potenzial für die Bewältigung zukünftiger Herausforderungen im Gesundheitswesen darstellen [16] . Form eines DGOU-App-Siegels ist aktuell in einem Pilottest im Einsatz Neben der Suche nach den passenden Apps ist die objektive Evaluation ihrer Sicherheit und Qualität problematisch (. Ein entsprechendes Verfahren eines App-Siegels der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DGOU) ist auf Grundlage definierter, evidenzbasierter Gütekriterien aktuell in einem Pilottest im Einsatz [12] . In Zeiten, in denen physische Arztbesuche eher vermieden oder wegen Quarantäne nicht wahrgenommen werden können, sind Telemedizin und insbesondere die OVS geeignete Mittel zur Aufrechterhaltung einer adäquaten Arzt-Patient-Beziehung und für eine kontinuierliche Betreuung des Patienten. In O und U wird der Einstieg in die Digitalisierung mit einer Reihe von Rahmenverträgen sowie durch Integration in das Patienteninformationsportal Orthinform erleichtert.

abstract:
  This article deals with the current state mid-2020 in the clinical and practical aspects from the perspective of orthopedics and trauma surgery. The risks, difficulties, potentials and options are discussed in detail. The following topics are specifically debated: infrastructure of telematics, apps and mobile health, online video consultation, electronic medical records and data protection. The advantages and disadvantages and the current state of each topic in the special case of orthopedics and trauma surgery are discussed. Additionally, seven meaningful examples from the field of digital applications are named. A survey of members of the Professional Association of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgeons (BVOU) is described and analyzed. In a concluding perspective the current hurdles and future topics that need clarification are addressed.


id: cord-024247-r7m68lij
author: Sanchez-Rodriguez, Dolores
date: 2020-05-06
txt: ./txt/cord-024247-r7m68lij.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-024247-r7m68lij.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7195618/
doi: 10.14283/jfa.2020.24
abstract: nan
summary:
  The Integrated Care of Older People (ICOPE) project is an international program (2, 3), based on the measurement of "Intrinsic capacity", a new concept defined by the World Health Organization plan of action 2016-2020, as "the composite of all the physical, functional, and mental capacities of an individual" (3-6) Intrinsic capacity changes the focus from a negative paradigm of aging (diseases, disability) towards a positive focus related to "optimal aging" (4, 6). The results expected from the implementation of the ICOPE App would be i) to support primary care, and indirectly create a long-term clinical and research partnership; ii) for the older patients, to better identify those at risk of developing frailty and adverse health consequences, and to be able to make reasoned decisions in clinical routine ; and iii) for the health system, to invest in tools likely to prevent decline in intrinsic capacity and maintain function late in life.

title:
  Implementation of the Integrated Care of Older People (ICOPE) App in Primary Care: New Technologies in Geriatric Care During Quarantine of COVID-19 and Beyond


id: cord-028427-gtdmqi6l
title: Use of Adaptive Feedback in an App for English Language Spontaneous Speech
author: Lehman, Blair
date: 2020-06-09
txt: ./txt/cord-028427-gtdmqi6l.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-028427-gtdmqi6l.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7334181/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-52237-7_25
summary:
  However, most of these apps target the first stages of learning a new language and are limited in the type of feedback that can be provided to users'' spontaneous spoken responses. The English Language Artificial Intelligence (ELAi) app was developed to address this gap by providing users with a variety of prompts for spontaneous speech and adaptive, targeted feedback based on the automatic evaluation of spoken responses. The ELAi app was developed to provide an easily accessible resource for English language learners at an intermediate or advanced level, with the goal of attending university in an English-speaking country, to practice spontaneous speech and receive feedback. The ELAi app was developed to provide an easily accessible English language learning app for users that want to receive detailed feedback about their speaking skills during spontaneous speech.

abstract:
  Language learning apps have become increasingly popular. However, most of these apps target the first stages of learning a new language and are limited in the type of feedback that can be provided to users’ spontaneous spoken responses. The English Language Artificial Intelligence (ELAi) app was developed to address this gap by providing users with a variety of prompts for spontaneous speech and adaptive, targeted feedback based on the automatic evaluation of spoken responses. Feedback in the ELAi app was presented across multiple pages such that users could choose the amount and depth of feedback that they wanted to receive. The present work evaluates how 94 English language learners interacted with the app. We focused on participants’ use of the feedback pages and whether or not performance on spontaneous speech improved over the course of using the app. The findings revealed that users were most likely to access the most shallow feedback page, but use of the feedback pages differed based on the total number of sessions that users completed with the app. Users showed improvement in their response performance over the course of using the app, which suggests that the design of repeated practice and adaptive, targeted feedback in the ELAi app is promising. Patterns of feedback page use are discussed further as well as potential design modifications that could increase the use of feedback and maximize improvement in English language spontaneous speech.


id: cord-029354-c8sbqiyy
title: Can digital contact tracing make up for lost time?
author: Ivers, Louise C
date: 2020-07-16
txt: ./txt/cord-029354-c8sbqiyy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-029354-c8sbqiyy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7365621/
doi: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30160-2
abstract: nan
summary:
  Contact tracing is a fundamental public health intervention, and a mainstay in efforts to control and contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. 1 Regions with the most successful containment to date have approached the pandemic with integrated measures that include cohesive leadership, effective communication, physical distancing, wearing of face coverings, improvements in the built environment, promotion of hand hygiene, and support for the staff, supplies, and systems needed to care for patients-with testing and contact tracing as cornerstones of the approach. Along with efforts to expand conventional contact tracing programmes, there has been an ongoing debate about the value of digital contact tracing, ranging from issues of privacy, questions about efficacy, lower user adoption rates, and concern from some public health experts that mobile apps might distract resources from the core work of conventional contact tracing.


id: cord-030529-2wkes9nk
title: COVID-19 apps in Singapore and Australia: reimagining healthy nations with digital technology
author: Goggin, Gerard
date: 2020-08-14
txt: ./txt/cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7429912/
doi: 10.1177/1329878x20949770
summary:
  In this article, I consider the development, deployment and imagined uses of apps in two countries: Singapore, a pioneer in the field, with its TraceTogether app, and Australia, a country that adapted Singapore''s app, devising its own COVIDSafe, as key to its national public health strategy early in the crisis. The data sets generated by smartphones, computers, apps and people''s use of them, such as that data collected by Apple and Google, were used by public health officials, researchers and journalists to map population or district-level activity and movement, leading to the very interesting charts, graphs and visualisations in news and current affairs reports and features seeking to map and analyse the spread of COVID and its impact on social and economic activity. With much at stake in terms of public health concerns at a critical juncture of the COVID pandemic, the Australian government emphasised that it was keen to adopt a ''consent-based'' model, hence its interest in adapting the Singapore TraceTogether app.

abstract:
  Widely and intensively used digital technologies have been an important feature of international responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. One especially interesting class of such technologies are dedicated contact and tracing apps collecting proximity data via the Bluetooth technology. In this article, I consider the development, deployment and imagined uses of apps in two countries: Singapore, a pioneer in the field, with its TraceTogether app, and Australia, a country that adapted Singapore’s app, devising its own COVIDSafe, as key to its national public health strategy early in the crisis. What is especially interesting about these cases is the privacy concerns the apps raised, and how these are dealt with in each country, also the ways in which each nation reimagines its immediate social future and health approach via such an app.


id: cord-031175-4dm4asen
author: Joo, Jaehun
date: 2020-09-01
txt: ./txt/cord-031175-4dm4asen.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031175-4dm4asen.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7459240/
doi: 10.1007/s11628-020-00424-7
summary:
  Thus, for being required by both governments, Self-quarantine Safety Protection app of South Korea and Health Code app of China are representative technology for examining the relationship between the effectiveness of mandatory centralized contract tracing apps and user stress. Based on the coping theory (Beaudry and Pinsonneault 2005; Lazarus and Folkman 1984) , this study proposes a structural equation model that shows the relationships between contact tracing app users'' stress and how they accept such stress through a process called challenge appraisal. To test the research hypotheses derived from the proposed structural equation model, survey data were collected from the users of Health Code, which is the mandatory and centralized contact tracing app with the largest user base. Figure 1 shows the relationships among accuracy and privacy concerns as factors affecting stress, challenge appraisal, emotion-focused coping behavior, and infusion as a structural equations model.

title:
  Resolving the tension between full utilization of contact tracing app services and user stress as an effort to control the COVID-19 pandemic

abstract:
  Although contact tracing apps can be effective for controlling COVID-19, the app usage can be stressful for users. This study identifies countermeasures for users’ stress while maximizing full utilization of the apps. This study presents the relationships among the stress factors, users’ appraisal, users’ emotion focus coping, and the infusion to exert the full potential of the app through a structural equation model. The research model is validated by surveying Health Code app users. Given the results of the study, the contact tracing apps could become a valuable tool to control COVID-19 by removing app users’ privacy concerns.


id: cord-034677-40k68edc
title: Digitales Contact Tracing: Dilemma zwischen Datenschutz und Public Health Nutzenbewertung
author: Jahnel, Tina
date: 2020-11-05
txt: ./txt/cord-034677-40k68edc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-034677-40k68edc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7643098/
doi: 10.1007/s11623-020-1367-0
summary:
  Danach kamen allerdings nur noch wenige neue Downloads dazu (Zahl: 18,4 Millionen, Stand: 22.09.2020) (5), auch wenn die Ergebnisse einer wiederholten Online-Befragung von Internet-Nutzer*innen durch die TU München und die Initiative D21 zeigen, dass die Akzeptanz für die deutsche Corona-Warn-App seit Juni 2020 generell gestiegen ist (6) . Vor dem Hintergrund der Nutzenbewertung und nachzuweisenden Wirksamkeit von Contact Tracing Apps, wie der Corona-Warn-App, stellt sich die Frage, was als ein positiver Eff ekt definiert und gemessen werden kann. Allerdings würde dies zu den oben bereits genannten Annahmen zusätzlich voraussetzen, dass die App korrekt und durchgängig genutzt wird und positive Testergebnisse auf einen Corona-Test auch über die App gemeldet werden. Um in Zukunft besser vorbereitet zu sein, sollten Lehren aus der Entwicklung der Corona-Warn-App dieser Pandemie gezogen und der Frage nachgegangen werden, ob es einen Mittelweg für eine Contact-Tracing-App gibt, die den Datenschutzanforderungen entspricht, es aber gleichzeitig erlaubt, epidemiologischrelevante Daten auf freiwilliger Basis zu sammeln.

abstract:
  Seit Juni 2020 gibt es in Deutschland die Corona-Warn-App als sog. Contact-Tracing-App, welche dank ihres hohen Datenschutzniveaus eine breite Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung genießen soll. Der hohe Grad des Datenschutzes hat allerdings zur Folge, dass Möglichkeiten zur Datenerhebung stark eingeschränkt sind und damit Aussagen über die Wirksamkeit und potentielle Risiken einer solchen App nur in äußerst geringem Maße möglich sind. Zukünftig sollte sichergestellt werden, dass neben der Einhaltung datenschutzrechtlicher Prinzipien auch Daten zur Bewertung des Nutzens von Contact-Tracing-Apps erhoben werden können. Dafür sollten die Nutzer*innen von Anfang an einbezogen werden, die Kommunikation transparent und klar erfolgen und Ergebnisparameter klar definiert werden.


id: cord-035285-dx5bbeqm
title: GoCoronaGo: Privacy Respecting Contact Tracing for COVID-19 Management
author: Simmhan, Yogesh
date: 2020-11-11
txt: ./txt/cord-035285-dx5bbeqm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-035285-dx5bbeqm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7656502/
doi: 10.1007/s41745-020-00201-5
summary:
  This proximity data of all app users are used to build a temporal contact graph, where vertices are devices, and edges indicate proximity between devices for a certain time period and with a certain Bluetooth signal strength. The use of the GCG App within an institutional setting, with data collection and usage governed by the organization, may lead to higher adoption of the app and enhance its effectiveness in contact tracing. The use of GCG is strictly voluntary, and there is an additional consent required by a user who is infected with COVID-19 before their data can be used for contact tracing-this, despite their data already being available centrally in the backend. Besides tracking Bluetooth contact data, the GCG App offers several features to inform the users about COVID-19 and engage them in preventing its spread.

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic is imposing enormous global challenges in managing the spread of the virus. A key pillar to mitigation is contact tracing, which complements testing and isolation. Digital apps for contact tracing using Bluetooth technology available in smartphones have gained prevalence globally. In this article, we discuss various capabilities of such digital contact tracing, and its implication on community safety and individual privacy, among others. We further describe the GoCoronaGo institutional contact tracing app that we have developed, and the conscious and sometimes contrarian design choices we have made. We offer a detailed overview of the app, backend platform and analytics, and our early experiences with deploying the app to over 1000 users within the Indian Institute of Science campus in Bangalore. We also highlight research opportunities and open challenges for digital contact tracing and analytics over temporal networks constructed from them.


id: cord-122159-sp6o6h31
title: COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Mobile Apps: Evaluation and Assessment for Decision Makers
author: Raskar, Ramesh
date: 2020-06-04
txt: ./txt/cord-122159-sp6o6h31.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-122159-sp6o6h31.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.05812v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  By comparing the device users'' location trails or the anonymous ID tokens they have collected with those from people who have COVID-19, one can identify others who have been near the person who is infected; this facilitates contact tracing in a more accurate and timely manner than the traditional manual approach. • An authority (public health official, healthcare provider, government official) collects the location history from the person who is infected and makes it available to users of the app. For this reason, we are building not only a contact-tracing app, but also Safe Places, a web-based tool for public health officials working to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. • Fostering trust • Developing key partnerships, including with community officials who can help drive local support for the solution • Creating solutions that meet the needs of public health officials responding to the pandemic • Focusing on the needs of the users • Providing value to the user during a contact-tracing interview even if they choose not to download the app before they have been diagnosed with COVID-19

abstract:
  A number of groups, from governments to non-profits, have quickly acted to innovate the contact-tracing process: they are designing, building, and launching contact-tracing apps in response to the COVID-19 crisis. A diverse range of approaches exist, creating challenging choices for officials looking to implement contact-tracing technology in their community and raising concerns about these choices among citizens asked to participate in contact tracing. We are frequently asked how to evaluate and differentiate between the options for contact-tracing applications. Here, we share the questions we ask about app features and plans when reviewing the many contact-tracing apps appearing on the global stage.


id: cord-173774-idj19hd3
title: COVID-19 Contact-tracing Apps: a Survey on the Global Deployment and Challenges
author: Li, Jinfeng
date: 2020-05-07
txt: ./txt/cord-173774-idj19hd3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-173774-idj19hd3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.03599v2.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  There is an ongoing debate on the deployment of the Apps regarding their technology framework, i.e. centralised [3, 4] versus decentralised [5, 6] , and their corresponding sensor technologies, i.e. the Global Positioning System (GPS) integrated with Quick Response (QR) codes scanning [7, 8] and big data analysis [9,10], versus the wireless Bluetooth devices [11] enabled by microwave [12, 13] and millimetre-wave [14] [15] [16] [17] communications. These Apps follow the DP-3T (Decentralised Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing) [19] data protection solution recently developed by the European Academics. 6. Apple and Google partner on COVID-19 contact tracing technology framework [20] (yet to be released in May) -privacy-preserving contact tracing, Bluetooth based, decentralised, free of GPS. We produce the first geolocation mapping for the global deployment of the COVID-19 contact-tracing apps in Fig. 1 , with the format codes in an order of the country name, App name, the number of users (download times), and the underpinning technologies (GPS, QR codes, Bluetooth).

abstract:
  To address the massive spike in uncertainties triggered by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), there is an ever-increasing number of national governments that are rolling out contact-tracing Apps to aid the containment of the virus. The first hugely contentious issue facing the Apps is the deployment framework, i.e. centralized or decentralized. Based on this, the debate branches out to the corresponding technologies that underpin these architectures, i.e. GPS, QR codes, and Bluetooth. This work conducts a pioneering review of the above scenarios and contributes a geolocation mapping of the current deployment. The Apps vulnerabilities and the directions of research are identified, with a special focus on the Bluetooth-inspired decentralized paradigm.


id: cord-191351-3wu62bao
author: Kaptchuk, Gabriel
date: 2020-05-09
txt: ./txt/cord-191351-3wu62bao.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-191351-3wu62bao.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.04343v4.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  In this work, we survey over 4,500 Americans to evaluate (1) the effect of both accuracy and privacy concerns on reported willingness to install COVID19 contact tracing apps and (2) how different groups of users weight accuracy vs. Drawing on our findings from these first two research questions, we (3) quantitatively model how the amount of public health benefit (reduction in infection rate), amount of individual benefit (true-positive detection of exposures to COVID), and degree of privacy risk in a hypothetical contact tracing app may influence American''s willingness to install. Thus, we examine not only the societal-level, public health benefit of infection rate reduction, but also how app accuracy and app privacy, risk of the app exposing information collected by the app to others, influence reported willingness to adopt a COVID19 app.

title:
  How good is good enough for COVID19 apps? The influence of benefits, accuracy, and privacy on willingness to adopt

abstract:
  A growing number of contact tracing apps are being developed to complement manual contact tracing. A key question is whether users will be willing to adopt these contact tracing apps. In this work, we survey over 4,500 Americans to evaluate (1) the effect of both accuracy and privacy concerns on reported willingness to install COVID19 contact tracing apps and (2) how different groups of users weight accuracy vs. privacy. Drawing on our findings from these first two research questions, we (3) quantitatively model how the amount of public health benefit (reduction in infection rate), amount of individual benefit (true-positive detection of exposures to COVID), and degree of privacy risk in a hypothetical contact tracing app may influence American's willingness to install. Our work takes a descriptive ethics approach toward offering implications for the development of policy and app designs related to COVID19.


id: cord-229942-vofuo2g1
author: Omae, Yuto
date: 2020-08-30
txt: ./txt/cord-229942-vofuo2g1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-229942-vofuo2g1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.13166v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  Furthermore, we include three parameters for the following expression: (1'') the usage rate of the app; (2'') decreasing value of going out probability of persons who have contact with infectors via the app; (3'') infection registration rate of infectors through the app. Consequently, we find the infection probability that persons from 5% to 10% of the total population become infectors in 45 days when all agents do not use the app. In the results generated by random seed of 30 patterns, there were 2 cases in which the infection did not spread even though the app was not used (the total number of infectors at the end of the simulation is below 30). As shown in Fig.4 , there are no cases of the number of infectors less than 32.5 persons in the result of the usage rate of the app (p 1 app = 20%).

title:
  Effectiveness of the COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application (COCOA) based on a Multi Agent Simulation

abstract:
  As of Aug. 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still spreading in the world. In Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare developed"COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application (COCOA),"which was released on Jun. 19, 2020. By utilizing COCOA, users can know whether or not they had contact with infected persons. If those who had contact with infectors keep staying at home, they may not infect those outside. However, effectiveness decreasing the number of infectors depending on the app's various usage parameters is not clear. If it is clear, we could set the objective value of the app's usage parameters (e.g., the usage rate of the total populations) and call for installation of the app. Therefore, we develop a multi-agent simulator that can express COVID-19 spreading and usage of the apps, such as COCOA. In this study, we describe the simulator and the effectiveness of the app in various scenarios. The result obtained in this study supports those of previously conducted studies.


id: cord-251539-cl8caw0q
title: Contact Tracing Made Un-relay-able
author: Casagrande, Marco
date: 2020-10-23
txt: ./txt/cord-251539-cl8caw0q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-251539-cl8caw0q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.12641v2.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  Organization The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section II provides background knowledge about the BLE technology, and the existing proximity tracing solutions for ACT apps; Section III introduces the system model and the threat model of the relay attack we designed against GAENbased ACT apps; Section IV outlines the design of ACTGuard; Section V describes our implementation of the relay attack against Immuni and our proof of concept of ACTGuard, i.e., ImmuniGuard; Section VI illustrates the related work concerning security and privacy issues of ACT apps; finally, in Section VII, we conclude the paper with a discussion about ACT apps. During our selection, we aimed to include entries for each of the most popular proximity tracing protocols, to represent a wide variety of countries and to showcase the various combination of technologies and privacy approaches with respect to the following criteria: the adopted proximity tracing protocol, the technology used for performing the contact tracing, the set of personal data required to be shared by the app user and, finally, the resilience to replay and relay attacks.

abstract:
  Automated contact tracing is a key solution to control the spread of airborne transmittable diseases: it traces contacts among individuals in order to alert people about their potential risk of being infected. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic put a heavy strain on the healthcare system of many countries. Governments chose different approaches to face the spread of the virus and the contact tracing apps were considered the most effective ones. In particular, by leveraging on the Bluetooth Low-Energy technology, mobile apps allow to achieve a privacy-preserving contact tracing of citizens. While researchers proposed several contact tracing approaches, each government developed its own national contact tracing app. In this paper, we demonstrate that many popular contact tracing apps (e.g., the ones promoted by the Italian, French, Swiss government) are vulnerable to relay attacks. Through such attacks people might get misleadingly diagnosed as positive to SARS-CoV-2, thus being enforced to quarantine and eventually leading to a breakdown of the healthcare system. To tackle this vulnerability, we propose a novel and lightweight solution that prevents relay attacks, while providing the same privacy-preserving features as the current approaches. To evaluate the feasibility of both the relay attack and our novel defence mechanism, we developed a proof of concept against the Italian contact tracing app (i.e., Immuni). The design of our defence allows it to be integrated into any contact tracing app.


id: cord-268126-u9z1rir1
author: Ranisch, Robert
date: 2020-10-21
txt: ./txt/cord-268126-u9z1rir1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-268126-u9z1rir1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33106749/
doi: 10.1007/s10676-020-09566-8
summary:
  The viability of CT apps as a useful pandemic-response measure, depends on a complex interplay of criteria, such as pragmatic assumptions about effectiveness, the likelihood of public health benefit, technological specifications, legal requirements etc. Nevertheless, risks that cannot be easily mitigated or avoided could still be acceptable, considering the severity of a pandemic situation, the importance of effective contact tracing to manage it, and the scope of established measures to stop virus transmission. Predicting future uptake of CT apps is difficult and depends on various factors, such as the penetration range rate of digital technologies in a society, the possibility to download and use the app on different types of smartphones, the credibility of institutions offering these solutions, and viable solutions for ethical concerns such as data security. Ethical considerations to guide the use of digital proximity tracking technologies for COVID-19 contact tracing.

title:
  Digital contact tracing and exposure notification: ethical guidance for trustworthy pandemic management

abstract:
  There is growing interest in contact tracing apps (CT apps) for pandemic management. It is crucial to consider ethical requirements before, while, and after implementing such apps. In this paper, we illustrate the complexity and multiplicity of the ethical considerations by presenting an ethical framework for a responsible design and implementation of CT apps. Using this framework as a starting point, we briefly highlight the interconnection of social and political contexts, available measures of pandemic management, and a multi-layer assessment of CT apps. We will discuss some trade-offs that arise from this perspective. We then suggest that public trust is of major importance for population uptake of contact tracing apps. Hasty, ill-prepared or badly communicated implementations of CT apps will likely undermine public trust, and as such, risk impeding general effectiveness.


id: cord-280449-7tfvmwyi
title: Perceptions of an evidence-based empathy mobile app in post-secondary education
author: Hoplock, Lisa B.
date: 2020-08-25
txt: ./txt/cord-280449-7tfvmwyi.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-280449-7tfvmwyi.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10311-3
doi: 10.1007/s10639-020-10311-3
summary:
  The purpose of the present research is to identify the target market, demand, and price point as well as to solicit student and instructor/professor perceptions of the empathy-training mobile app. Addressing Research Question 1 (who would want to use this app), 44% of students and 53% of instructors/professors said that their program features at least one course that focuses on interpersonal communication. Faculties from where most professors and instructors indicated that they had an interpersonal communication course in their program included Business, Education, Health Sciences, Law, and Social Work. For example, one participant (man, student, Faculty of Engineering) wrote, "low chance of repeated use, requires time commitment and analysis." Together, these responses provide additional insight into potential concerns, factors to consider when creating the app, and the target market (e.g., offer a free trial, ensure reliable security, promote broad applicability).

abstract:
  Cognitive empathy (also known as perspective-taking) is an important, teachable, skill. As part of a knowledge translation project, we identified a) interest in an evidence-based cognitive empathy mobile app and b) which faculties believe that cognitive empathy is important for their profession. Students (n = 638) and instructors/professors (n = 38) completed a university-wide survey. Participants in Education, Social Work, and the Health Sciences were among those most interested in the app. The majority of participants said that they would prefer for the app to be free or less than $3 for students. Most participants preferred a one-time payment option. Across 17 faculties, all but one had 60% or more of its sampled members say that cognitive empathy is important for their profession. Results illuminate perceptions of cognitive empathy instruction and technology. Results also provide insight into issues to consider when developing and implementing an educational communication app.


id: cord-285402-x86yw525
title: 15 Smartphone Apps for Older Adults to Use While in Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic
author: Banskota, Swechya
date: 2020-04-14
txt: ./txt/cord-285402-x86yw525.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285402-x86yw525.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2020.4.47372
doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.4.47372
summary:
  App categories were determined based on app categories already in place on the Apple Store, with the exception of a category to address the specific needs of OAs with visual and hearing impairment, for which we did a custom search using the terms "blind" and "deaf" Details about the app developer, cost (both to download and for services included in the app), function, ratings and reviews, and user experience (in the form of anecdotes) were searched and summarized. App ratings ≥ 4.5 and ≥ 3,000 reviews on the Apple Store Exceptions • Facetime was included due to known popularity and use • Medisafe was given an exemption from exclusion due to known beneficence from background literature search health, and meets OAs'' various social and functional needs during social distancing during the COVID-19 outbreak.

abstract:
  The maintenance of well-being, healthcare, and social connection is crucial for older adults (OA) and has become a topic of debate as much of the world faces lockdown during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OAs have been advised to isolate themselves because they are at higher risk for developing serious complications from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Additionally, nursing homes and assisted-living facilities across the country have closed their doors to visitors to protect their residents. Mobile technology such as applications (apps) could provide a valuable tool to help families stay connected, and to help OAs maintain mobility and link them to resources that encourage physical and mental well-being. Apps could address cognitive, visual, and hearing impairments. Our objective was to narratively summarize 15 apps that address physical and cognitive limitations and have the potential to improve OAs’ quality of life, especially during social distancing or self-quarantine.


id: cord-298569-174bzxdh
title: Acute phase proteins as indicators of calf herd health
author: Gånheim, Charina
date: 2006-03-20
txt: ./txt/cord-298569-174bzxdh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-298569-174bzxdh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1090023306000220
doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.01.011
summary:
  The potential for using acute phase proteins (APPs) in the assessment of herd health was studied by examining the levels of serum haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA) and plasma fibrinogen in relation to clinical findings and leukocyte counts in calves. The aim of this study was to further evaluate the potential of using serum APPs in the assessment of overall calf herd health by examining the levels of haptoglobin, SAA and fibrinogen in relation to clinical findings and leukocyte counts in calves in farms specialised for beef production. This result was Table 2 Mean (SD) number of sampling days per calf with levels of serum haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA) and plasma fibrinogen values above basal levels A in two groups (A and B) of calves sampled on ten occasions during the six week period after housing surprising as none of the animals had a patent infection with the presence of larvae in faeces.

abstract:
  The potential for using acute phase proteins (APPs) in the assessment of herd health was studied by examining the levels of serum haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA) and plasma fibrinogen in relation to clinical findings and leukocyte counts in calves. Two groups of calves from conventional dairy farms were studied. The animals were examined 10 times during the first six weeks after introduction into a new environment. Haptoglobin, SAA and fibrinogen were analysed and weight gain, disease symptoms and treatments were recorded. Analysis of antibodies against viral infections was performed. An acute phase reaction (APR) score was established at each sampling by combining the APP results and total leukocyte counts. The health status differed between the two groups, although no manipulation of health had been performed, except that the group with a higher incidence of disease had a concurrent experimental infection with lungworm as part of another study. In the group with a higher incidence of disease, the mean weight gain was significantly lower, and the number of sampling days with elevated serum concentrations of APPs, and the mean maximum concentrations of haptoglobin and fibrinogen were significantly higher compared to the healthier group. The APR score was significantly higher at days 4 and 8 of the study in the group with a higher incidence of disease. The results indicate that measurement of APPs could be a useful tool for evaluation of health in calf herds.


id: cord-299035-vnyv0oj2
author: Chen, Yalan
date: 2020-09-29
txt: ./txt/cord-299035-vnyv0oj2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-299035-vnyv0oj2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7613569
doi: 10.1155/2020/7613569
summary:
  title: Intelligent Rehabilitation Assistance Tools for Distal Radius Fracture: A Systematic Review Based on Literatures and Mobile Application Stores OBJECTIVE: To systematically analyze the existing intelligent rehabilitation mobile applications (APPs) related to distal radius fracture (DRF) and evaluate their features and characteristics, so as to help doctors and patients to make evidence-based choice for appropriate intelligent-assisted rehabilitation. This study provides reference for patients with different needs to choose appropriate intelligent auxiliary rehabilitation tools: the services provided by intelligent intervention and monitoring APPs are more humanized with easier instruction to operate, which is suitable for middle-aged and elderly patients who cannot master APP skillfully; the rehabilitation gaming APPs are more interesting, but the operation and use process is relatively complicated, which are more suitable for younger patients; and the angle measurement APPs require relevant rehabilitation theory knowledge and are more suitable for patients to utilize under the guidance of medical staff or with the assistance of family members. With the development of the mHealth medical model, intelligent rehabilitation APPs and tools are gradually being used in clinical and patient independent health management.

title:
  Intelligent Rehabilitation Assistance Tools for Distal Radius Fracture: A Systematic Review Based on Literatures and Mobile Application Stores

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: To systematically analyze the existing intelligent rehabilitation mobile applications (APPs) related to distal radius fracture (DRF) and evaluate their features and characteristics, so as to help doctors and patients to make evidence-based choice for appropriate intelligent-assisted rehabilitation. METHODS: Literatures which in regard to the intelligent rehabilitation tools of DRF were systematic retrieved from the PubMed, the Cochrane library, Wan Fang, and VIP Data. The effective APPs were systematically screened out through the APP markets of iOS and Android mobile platform, and the functional characteristics of different APPs were evaluated and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 8 literatures and 31 APPs were included, which were divided into four categories: intelligent intervention, angle measurement, intelligent monitoring, and auxiliary rehabilitation games. These APPs provide support for the patients' home rehabilitation guidance and training and make up for the high cost and space limitations of traditional rehabilitation methods. The intelligent intervention category has the largest download ratio in the APP market. Angle measurement tools help DRF patients to measure the joint angle autonomously to judge the degree of rehabilitation, which is the most concentrated type of literature research. Some of the APPs and tools have obtained good clinical verification. However, due to the restrictions of cost, geographic authority, and applicable population, a large number of APPs still lack effective evidence to support popularization. CONCLUSION: Patients with DRF could draw support from different kinds of APPs in order to fulfill personal need and promote self-management. Intelligent rehabilitation APPs play a positive role in the rehabilitation of patients, but the acceptance of the utilization for intelligent rehabilitation APPs is relatively low, which might need follow-up research to address the conundrum.


id: cord-307184-ccmnkl0e
title: Acceptability of app-based contact tracing for COVID-19: Cross-country survey evidence
author: Altmann, S.
date: 2020-05-08
txt: ./txt/cord-307184-ccmnkl0e.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-307184-ccmnkl0e.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.05.20091587v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20091587
summary:
  In light of the many open questions surrounding the viability of app-based contact tracing, we designed a survey to measure public support for this approach in five countries that are currently hit by the COVID-19 pandemic: France, Germany, Italy, the UK and the US. We use multivariate regression analysis (linear probability models; probit and ordered logit in additional analyses presented in the Multimedia Appendix) to examine the relationship between intention to install and a number of covariates: age, gender, country, presence of comorbidities (diabetes, high blood pressure, heart or breathing problems), usage of mobile phone outside the house, frequency of social interactions, ability to work from home during the lockdown, ability to obtain sick pay while working from home, trust in national government, and incidence of COVID-19 deaths in a respondent''s region of residence (see Section C.3 in the Multimedia Appendix for more details).

abstract:
  Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is the greatest public health crisis of the last 100 years. Countries have responded with various levels of lockdown to save lives and stop health systems from being overwhelmed. At the same time, lockdowns entail large socio-economic costs. One exit strategy under consideration is a mobile phone app that traces close contacts of those infected with COVID- 19. Recent research has demonstrated the theoretical effectiveness of this solution in different disease settings. However, concerns have been raised about such apps because of the potential privacy implications. This could limit the acceptability of app-based contact tracing among the general population. As the effectiveness of this approach increases strongly with app take-up, it is crucial to understand public support for this intervention. Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate user acceptability of a contact-tracing app in five countries hit by the pandemic. Methods We conducted a multi-country, large-scale (N = 5995) study to measure public support for digital contact tracing of COVID-19 infections. We ran anonymous online surveys in France, Germany, Italy, the UK and the US. We measured intentions to use a contact-tracing app across different installation regimes (voluntary installation vs. automatic installation by mobile phone providers), and studied how these intentions vary across individuals and countries. Results: We found strong support for the app under both regimes, in all countries, across all sub-groups of the population, and irrespective of regional-level COVID-19 mortality rates. We inves- tigated the main factors that may hinder or facilitate take-up and found that concerns about cyber security and privacy, together with lack of trust in government, are the main barriers to adoption. Conclusions: Epidemiological evidence shows that app-based contact-tracing can suppress the spread of COVID-19 if a high enough proportion of the population uses the app and that it can still reduce the number of infections if take-up is moderate. Our findings show that the willingness to install the app is very high. The available evidence suggests that app-based contact tracing may be a viable approach to control the diffusion of COVID-19.


id: cord-307393-z0k3cujs
title: Status of the Research in Fitness Apps: A Bibliometric Analysis
author: Liu, Yali
date: 2020-09-23
txt: ./txt/cord-307393-z0k3cujs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-307393-z0k3cujs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736585320301659?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.tele.2020.101506
summary:
  The bibliometric analysis included the year of publication, journal name, citation, author, country, and particularly, research methodology. The variables analyzed for the bibliometric study were the year of publication, author, country of institutional origin, language of publication, type of document, journal, number of citations, area of research, topics analyzed, and the research method used. Finally, based on all the information obtained as well as our thorough review of the contributions that are part of this bibliometric study, we now describe the main topics of research on the subject of fitness apps: 2) Analysis of the quality and performance of the use of the apps concerning the objectives of the users. Several bibliometric indicators (e.g., distribution of years of publication, Price''s index, author productivity, Bradford''s Law, h-index, number of citations, source of publication, research areas, research methods, etc.) were analyzed to understand the main features and patterns of research on fitness apps.

abstract:
  Fitness applications have undergone considerable development in the last few years and becoming popular and significant in both academic and practical areas. However, contributions to the systematic mapping of this field continue to be lacking. This paper constitutes the first bibliometric study in this field to better understand the current state of research. We examined 481 records from databases Scopus and Web of Science (Core Collection) using several bibliometric analysis methods. All the records on this emerging topic were published between 2011 and 2019. We processed these records using statistical analysis and science mapping. The bibliometric analysis included the year of publication, journal name, citation, author, country, and particularly, research methodology. Additionally, we used the VOSViewer software to perform bibliometric mapping of co-authorship, co-citation of authors, and co-occurrence of keywords. This field of study, it was found, is currently in its precursor stage, contributing primarily to the fields of medicine, computer science, and health sciences. The United States appeared to have made the largest contribution to this field. However, author productivity, number of citations, and number of core journals all indicated a high degree of fragmentation of research in this filed. Remarkably, scientific research in this area is expected to progress tremendously over time. Overall, this study provides basic data and research classifications for the initial phase of research and research direction for future research in this area.


id: cord-318279-byophdo2
author: Zahid, Talal
date: 2020-10-13
txt: ./txt/cord-318279-byophdo2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-318279-byophdo2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s270215
doi: 10.2147/ppa.s270215
summary:
  title: Comparison of Effectiveness of Mobile App versus Conventional Educational Lectures on Oral Hygiene Knowledge and Behavior of High School Students in Saudi Arabia OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two different oral health education approaches, a mobile application (the Brush DJ app) and conventional educational lectures, on the oral hygiene knowledge and behavior of high school children. This study aimed to assess and compare the impact of two different approaches of oral health education, mobile application and educational lecture, on the oral hygiene knowledge and behavior of high school children. Analysis of baseline and follow-up data revealed that the knowledge and attitude of participants towards oral health improved significantly in both groups for almost all aspects except for the frequency of tooth brushing in the app group [see Table 3 ]. The use of both the mobile app and educational lecture significantly improved oral health knowledge, attitude and practices among study participants.

title:
  Comparison of Effectiveness of Mobile App versus Conventional Educational Lectures on Oral Hygiene Knowledge and Behavior of High School Students in Saudi Arabia

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two different oral health education approaches, a mobile application (the Brush DJ app) and conventional educational lectures, on the oral hygiene knowledge and behavior of high school children. METHODS: The research was a cross‐sectional study of 271 students from two public schools in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. An eighteen-item questionnaire was used for this purpose. Those who completed the baseline questionnaire were allocated to one of two groups: (1) mobile application and (2) educational lecture. A follow-up survey was later conducted at three months, which repeated eight of the eighteen questions asked in the baseline survey. The change in oral hygiene attitude and behaviors was compared across both groups. RESULTS: The Brush DJ app was found to be equally effective compared to educational lectures in changing oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior. Both groups showed significant improvements in almost all aspects of oral health, except for the frequency and duration of tooth brushing in the app group. There was no change in twice daily tooth brushing of app users, and less than 40% reported brushing their teeth for 2 minutes. A statistically significant change, however, was noted among lecture group participants in these two areas of oral hygiene routine. The app was also found to be more difficult in usability than educational lectures (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: The Brush DJ app may be a valuable tool to improve oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior. However, the app needs some improvements. The content and features of the app need to be structured in a way that it allows for personalization and is more interactive, practical and user-friendly.


id: cord-319784-lpmsalux
author: Alqahtani, Amani S.
date: 2015-08-13
txt: ./txt/cord-319784-lpmsalux.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-319784-lpmsalux.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210600615000866
doi: 10.1016/j.jegh.2015.07.005
summary:
  title: Pilot use of a novel smartphone application to track traveller health behaviour and collect infectious disease data during a mass gathering: Hajj pilgrimage 2014 Pilot use of a novel smartphone application to track traveller health behaviour and collect infectious disease data during a mass gathering: Hajj pilgrimage 2014 1 Therefore, we conducted a pilot study using a smartphone app to examine its feasibility to track not only Hajj pilgrim KAP regarding preventive measures, but also symptom onset and participation in high-risk activities before, during, and after Hajj 2014. The first screen (first phase) is the pre-Hajj questionnaire, including data on participant demographics, pre-existing chronic diseases, vaccinations received before travel, factors influencing vaccination decision and uptake, perception of the risk of respiratory infection during Hajj, willingness to participate in highrisk activities, such as drinking unpasteurised milk, and awareness of official health recommendations provided by Saudi Arabian authorities.

title:
  Pilot use of a novel smartphone application to track traveller health behaviour and collect infectious disease data during a mass gathering: Hajj pilgrimage 2014

abstract:
  This study examines the feasibility of using a smartphone application (app) to conduct surveys among travellers during the Hajj pilgrimage, where the use of apps has not been evaluated for infectious disease surveillance. A longitudinal study was conducted among pilgrims at the Hajj 2014 using an iPhone app with separate questionnaires for three study phases covering before, during, and after Hajj. Forty-eight pilgrims from 13 countries downloaded the app. Respondents were aged between 21 and 61 (median 36) years and 58.5% (24/41) were male. Of these, 85% (41/48) completed the first phase, 52% (25/41) completed both the second and third phases, and 25 of these reported meningococcal vaccination, with 36% (9/25) receiving other vaccines. All (25) reported hand hygiene use and 64% (16/25) wore a facemask at some point during the pilgrimage. Four (6%) reported close contact with camels. Respiratory symptoms commenced from the 4th day of Hajj, with sore throat (20%) and cough (12%) being the most common. Three participants (12%) reported respiratory symptoms after returning home. Conducting a prospective survey using a smartphone app to collect data on travel-associated infections and traveller compliance to prevention is feasible at mass gatherings and can provide useful data associated with health-related behaviour.


id: cord-322812-9u3ptqjs
author: Wells, Philippa M.
date: 2020-10-15
txt: ./txt/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320306538
doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.011
summary:
  METHODS: We undertook enzyme linked immunosorbent assay characterisation of IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein of 431 unselected general-population participants of the TwinsUK cohort from South-East England, aged 19-86 (median age 48; 85% female). 382 participants completed prospective logging of 14 COVID-19 related symptoms via the COVID Symptom Study App, allowing consideration of serology alongside individual symptoms, and a predictive algorithm for estimated COVID-19 previously modelled on PCR positive individuals from a dataset of over 2 million. We undertook a population-based study of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with regards to longitudinal clinical symptoms collected through a mobile phone app in a population-based sample of 431 TwinsUK volunteers. For three months prior to the visit, the majority of participants had completed regular logging of symptoms, via the C-19 Covid Symptom Study app 5 , enabling measurement of antibody response to COVID-19 with regards to clinical symptoms.

title:
  Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Understanding of the true asymptomatic rate of infection of SARS-CoV-2 is currently limited, as is understanding of the population-based seroprevalence after the first wave of COVID-19 within the UK. The majority of data thus far come from hospitalised patients, with little focus on general population cases, or their symptoms. METHODS: We undertook enzyme linked immunosorbent assay characterisation of IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein of 431 unselected general-population participants of the TwinsUK cohort from South-East England, aged 19-86 (median age 48; 85% female). 382 participants completed prospective logging of 14 COVID-19 related symptoms via the COVID Symptom Study App, allowing consideration of serology alongside individual symptoms, and a predictive algorithm for estimated COVID-19 previously modelled on PCR positive individuals from a dataset of over 2 million. FINDINGS: We demonstrated a seroprevalence of 12% (51participants of 431). Of 48 seropositive individuals with full symptom data, nine (19%) were fully asymptomatic, and 16 (27%) were asymptomatic for core COVID-19 symptoms: fever, cough or anosmia. Specificity of anosmia for seropositivity was 95%, compared to 88% for fever cough and anosmia combined. 34 individuals in the cohort were predicted to be Covid-19 positive using the App algorithm, and of those, 18 (52%) were seropositive. INTERPRETATION: Seroprevalence amongst adults from London and South-East England was 12%, and 19% of seropositive individuals with prospective symptom logging were fully asymptomatic throughout the study. Anosmia demonstrated the highest symptom specificity for SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. FUNDING: NIHR BRC, CDRF, ZOE global LTD, RST-UKRI/MRC


id: cord-323766-oyyj35bl
author: Parker, Michael J
date: 2020-05-04
txt: ./txt/cord-323766-oyyj35bl.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-323766-oyyj35bl.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32366705/
doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106314
summary:
  In this paper, our aim is to set out a number of ethical considerations relevant to the use of mobile phone apps to enable rapid contact tracing. Any consideration of the ethical questions arising in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has to place great importance on the moral significance of its international spread and the massive scale ii The effectiveness and reach of any implementation of the app in democratic societies will inevitably be affected by varying configurations of state-citizen relationships, as well as by the roles of civil society groups and non-governmental actors. In this paper, we have set out a number of pressing ethical questions raised by the proposed use of a mobile phone app, the collection of proximity data for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the safe emergence of populations from government-imposed lockdowns.

title:
  Ethics of instantaneous contact tracing using mobile phone apps in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic

abstract:
  In this paper we discuss ethical implications of the use of mobile phone apps in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Contact tracing is a well-established feature of public health practice during infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics. However, the high proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission in COVID-19 means that standard contact tracing methods are too slow to stop the progression of infection through the population. To address this problem, many countries around the world have deployed or are developing mobile phone apps capable of supporting instantaneous contact tracing. Informed by the on-going mapping of ‘proximity events’ these apps are intended both to inform public health policy and to provide alerts to individuals who have been in contact with a person with the infection. The proposed use of mobile phone data for ‘intelligent physical distancing’ in such contexts raises a number of important ethical questions. In our paper, we outline some ethical considerations that need to be addressed in any deployment of this kind of approach as part of a multidimensional public health response. We also, briefly, explore the implications for its use in future infectious disease outbreaks.


id: cord-350000-eqn3kl5p
author: Drissi, Nidal
date: 2020-07-30
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32768994/
doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104243
summary:
  The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of treatment and management-related functionality and characteristics of high-rated mobile applications (apps) for anxiety, which are available for Android and iOS systems. Results also showed that 51% of the selected apps used various gamification features to motivate users to keep using them, 32% provided social features including chat, communication with others and links to sources of help; 46% offered offline availability; and only 19% reported involvement of mental health professionals in their design. This study aims to analyze the functionality and characteristics of highly 5 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f rated anxiety apps to identify users'' preferred features and management methods delivered for anxiety with a smartphone or a tablet.

title:
  An Analysis on Self-Management and Treatment-related Functionality and Characteristics of Highly Rated Anxiety Apps

abstract:
  BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Anxiety is a common emotion that people often feel in certain situations. But when the feeling of anxiety is persistent and interferes with a person's day to day life then this may likely be an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders are a common issue worldwide and can fall under general anxiety, panic attacks, and social anxiety among others. They can be disabling and can impact all aspects of an individual's life, including work, education, and personal relationships. It is important that people with anxiety receive appropriate care, which in some cases may prove difficult due to mental health care delivery barriers such as cost, stigma, or distance from mental health services. A potential solution to this could be mobile mental health applications. These can serve as effective and promising tools to assist in the management of anxiety and to overcome some of the aforementioned barriers. The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of treatment and management-related functionality and characteristics of high-rated mobile applications (apps) for anxiety, which are available for Android and iOS systems. METHOD: A broad search was performed in the Google Play Store and App Store following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol to identify existing apps for anxiety. A set of free and highly rated apps for anxiety were identified and the selected apps were then installed and analyzed according to a predefined data extraction strategy. RESULTS: A total of 167 anxiety apps were selected (123 Android apps and 44 iOS apps). Besides anxiety, the selected apps addressed several health issues including stress, depression, sleep issues, and eating disorders. The apps adopted various treatment and management approaches such as meditation, breathing exercises, mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy. Results also showed that 51% of the selected apps used various gamification features to motivate users to keep using them, 32% provided social features including chat, communication with others and links to sources of help; 46% offered offline availability; and only 19% reported involvement of mental health professionals in their design. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety apps incorporate various mental health care management methods and approaches. Apps can serve as promising tools to assist large numbers of people suffering from general anxiety or from anxiety disorders, anytime, anywhere, and particularly in the current COVID-19 pandemic.


id: cord-353340-l0icku0i
author: Olaoye, Omotayo
date: 2020-08-29
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32872419/
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9090555
summary:
  title: Improving Access to Antimicrobial Prescribing Guidelines in 4 African Countries: Development and Pilot Implementation of an App and Cross-Sectional Assessment of Attitudes and Behaviour Survey of Healthcare Workers and Patients The purpose of the study is to highlight the development and implementation of a smartphone/mobile app (app) for antimicrobial prescribing guidelines (the Commonwealth Partnerships for Antimicrobial Stewardship—CwPAMS App) in Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia and to evaluate patients'' and healthcare providers'' perspectives on the use of the App in one of the participating institutions. The purpose of the study is to highlight the development and implementation of an app to support prudent antimicrobial prescribing and improved antimicrobial stewardship practice; as part of the Commonwealth Partnerships for Antimicrobial Stewardship (CwPAMS) programme in Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia and to conduct a pilot Antibiotics 2020, 9, 555 3 of 14 study assessing patients and healthcare providers'' perspectives on the use of the app in one of the hospitals in Ghana.

title:
  Improving Access to Antimicrobial Prescribing Guidelines in 4 African Countries: Development and Pilot Implementation of an App and Cross-Sectional Assessment of Attitudes and Behaviour Survey of Healthcare Workers and Patients

abstract:
  Smartphone apps have proven to be an effective and acceptable resource for accessing information on antimicrobial prescribing. The purpose of the study is to highlight the development and implementation of a smartphone/mobile app (app) for antimicrobial prescribing guidelines (the Commonwealth Partnerships for Antimicrobial Stewardship—CwPAMS App) in Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia and to evaluate patients’ and healthcare providers’ perspectives on the use of the App in one of the participating institutions. Two structured cross-sectional questionnaires containing Likert scale, multiple-choice, and open-ended questions were issued to patients and healthcare workers six months after the introduction of the app at one of the hospital sites. Metrics of the use of the app for a one-year period were also obtained. Download and use of the app peaked between September and November 2019 with pharmacists accounting for the profession that the most frequently accessed the app. More than half of the responding patients had a positive attitude to the use of the app by health professionals. Results also revealed that more than 80% of health care workers who had used the CwPAMS App were comfortable using a smartphone/mobile device on a ward round, considered the app very useful, and found it to improve their awareness of antimicrobial stewardship, including documentation of the indication and duration for antimicrobials on the drug chart. It also encouraged pharmacists and nurses to challenge inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing. Overall, our findings suggest that its use as a guide to antimicrobial prescribing sparked positive responses from patients and health professionals. Further studies will be useful in identifying the long-term consequences of the use of the CwPAMS App and scope to implement in other settings, in order to guide future innovations and wider use.


id: cord-354678-tlba8flz
author: Westgard, Christopher
date: 2020-08-19
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32974257/
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00411
summary:
  Implementation science proposes various theories, models, and frameworks (called tools henceforth) that can be used to improve diffusion of evidence-based interventions, adapt innovations to local contexts, better understand the implementation setting, and evaluate the implementation process (2, (15) (16) (17) (18) . The current study utilizes an implementation science tool to systematically design, implement, monitor, adapt, and report on a community-based mHealth intervention for child health. Before going to the field to prepare the local actors, the implementation team was trained on the use of the CHEST App, how to coach the CHAs, how to conduct an effective home visit with the tool, and how to identify and report challenges experienced by the CHAs. The CHEST App was developed throughout the 6 months of the installation phase.

title:
  The Use of Implementation Science Tools to Design, Implement, and Monitor a Community-Based mHealth Intervention for Child Health in the Amazon

abstract:
  It is essential to analyze the local context and implementation components to effectively deliver evidence-based solutions to public health problems. Tools provided by the field of implementation science can guide practitioners through a comprehensive implementation process, making innovations more adaptable, efficient, and sustainable. It is equally important to report on the design and implementation process so others can analyze, replicate, and improve on the progress made from an intervention. The current study reports on the design and implementation of an mHealth intervention to improve child health in the Amazon of Peru. The study aims to provide insight into how an implementation science tool can be used to improve implementation and reporting of an evidence-based intervention in a global health setting. Methods: Implementation of a community-based mHealth intervention is analyzed and reported through the lens of the Active Implementation Frameworks (AIF). The AIF is used to analyze the design, implementation, adaptation, and monitoring of the intervention. The implementation process is categorized in the four stages of implementation. The results of the analysis and subsequent implementation activities are reported. Results: The exploration stage was used to learn about the local context in the Amazonian communities and identify an evidence-based solution to address poor child health. Several potential solutions were combined to create an innovative mHealth tool. During the installation stage, the stakeholders worked together to improve the intervention and plan for implementation through human-centered design. The providers in the field were trained and data was gathered to monitor implementation. During initial implementation stage, electronic tablets were distributed to community health agents and continuous quality improvement activities allowed for rapid improvements to be implemented. The intervention moved on to full implementation stage as acceptance and fidelity approached 100%. Conclusion: The AIF highlighted several potential barriers to implementation that may have been overlooked without the guidance of a science-based implementation tool. Reporting on the implementation process shows how implementation science tools can be used to foresee and address potential threats to successful implementation. The results of this study provide insight into the components of implementation in Amazonian communities, as well as the process of using implementation science tools in any global health setting.


