Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 34 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4453 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 anxiety 11 COVID-19 10 covid-19 6 depression 4 stress 4 health 3 China 2 symptom 2 student 2 PTSD 1 user 1 trust 1 threat 1 study 1 sleep 1 risk 1 patient 1 parent 1 nurse 1 music 1 mental 1 intolerance 1 factor 1 endocannabinoid 1 emotional 1 death 1 climate 1 change 1 cancer 1 behaviour 1 app 1 Time 1 Thailand 1 Saudi 1 PSS 1 PFC 1 Menzies 1 Malaysia 1 HIV 1 Bangladesh 1 Anxiety Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 2120 anxiety 913 study 872 health 851 % 766 depression 650 stress 644 symptom 525 level 466 pandemic 436 disorder 416 factor 407 risk 339 participant 320 student 308 patient 294 score 287 effect 261 response 253 r 253 disease 252 prevalence 251 people 244 p 236 outbreak 222 datum 221 survey 221 analysis 216 population 214 worker 206 care 205 app 202 death 198 fear 195 result 193 individual 188 scale 180 variable 176 model 170 time 170 age 169 behavior 168 nurse 167 relationship 166 coronavirus 164 woman 164 impact 158 year 158 support 158 music 155 treatment Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 677 COVID-19 298 al 234 et 230 . 204 China 142 Health 128 Anxiety 107 SARS 80 CB 79 GAD-7 77 J 59 Wuhan 56 Table 53 PTSD 52 Coronavirus 50 HIV 45 University 42 UK 39 Stress 39 March 38 Mental 37 HCWs 37 Disease 36 PSS 35 CI 32 World 32 Scale 31 Time 30 sha 30 Social 30 Research 29 Organization 29 CoV-2 27 February 27 CC 26 BY 25 SAS 25 National 25 NC 25 Depression 24 f 24 PHQ-9 24 ND 24 Medical 24 Disorder 23 meta 23 Saudi 23 Questionnaire 23 Likert 22 Province Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 363 it 348 we 206 they 107 you 67 i 65 them 26 one 21 me 20 themselves 10 us 8 he 7 she 7 itself 4 oneself 2 yourself 2 ourselves 2 him 1 myself 1 found)we Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 4643 be 1209 have 455 use 302 relate 278 associate 268 increase 252 include 234 report 218 show 217 find 201 do 176 provide 173 base 142 perceive 139 assess 124 indicate 118 reduce 113 affect 112 work 109 live 100 make 99 identify 99 experience 98 cope 96 infect 95 lead 95 follow 91 compare 89 control 87 feel 87 conduct 85 examine 83 covid-19 82 develop 80 help 79 consider 76 take 76 collect 75 suggest 74 present 71 need 71 confirm 70 predict 70 give 68 cause 63 involve 62 complete 61 measure 60 range 59 decrease Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 556 high 457 not 409 mental 394 psychological 306 more 304 covid-19 280 social 277 also 247 such 240 - 237 other 195 emotional 190 medical 189 severe 182 low 168 physical 154 significant 151 significantly 140 general 137 e.g. 132 negative 131 first 130 well 126 clinical 123 current 121 likely 120 most 118 moderate 116 great 114 different 107 chronic 105 public 104 however 99 posttraumatic 98 old 96 protective 96 only 96 online 89 respectively 86 depressive 86 chinese 84 many 83 cognitive 82 as 79 possible 77 positive 77 personal 77 further 77 available 76 therefore Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 high 29 most 18 least 14 good 11 low 9 Most 7 great 6 late 6 large 4 close 2 strong 2 big 1 young 1 tt 1 slight 1 poor 1 old 1 new 1 long 1 bad 1 A.16 Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 91 most 6 least 2 well 2 hard Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 doi.org 2 orcid.org 1 www.worldometers.info 1 www.wjx.cn 1 www.dovepress.com 1 www 1 ukdataservice.ac.uk 1 file Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 10 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.27.20220723 4 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.20161315 3 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020 1 http://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus 1 http://www.wjx.cn/ 1 http://www.dovepress.com/testimonials.php 1 http://www 1 http://ukdataservice.ac.uk/ 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3977-492XGülay 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2487-5464 1 http://file///K:/To%20EES/Evise_Projects/EVISE%20COI(conflict%20of%20interest)/a%20target=%22_bl 1 http://doi.org/10.1192/bjo 1 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20056374 1 http://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610220001258 1 http://doi.org/10 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 156892477@qq.com Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 % reported moderate 4 depression were more 4 pandemic is likely 4 study did not 3 anxiety is highly 3 anxiety was most 3 anxiety was significantly 3 depression is positively 3 depression were also 3 level were significantly 3 outbreak is urgently 3 participants were also 3 prevalence was higher 3 responses are also 3 study was not 3 symptoms were more 2 % feel emotionally 2 % had moderate 2 % were aged 2 % were female 2 % were women 2 anxiety are likely 2 anxiety are more 2 anxiety included romantic 2 anxiety is also 2 anxiety using general 2 anxiety was not 2 anxiety were more 2 covid-19 is highly 2 depression was more 2 depression was significant 2 diseases were more 2 factor affecting individual 2 factors are positively 2 levels including extremely 2 levels were more 2 pandemic is also 2 pandemic was first 2 participants had moderate 2 participants provided informed 2 participants reported moderate 2 participants reporting high 2 participants were aged 2 patients experience more 2 people were normal 2 r is also 2 responses were trustworthy 2 score was higher 2 scores indicate more 2 scores were significantly Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 anxiety was not optimal 1 anxiety were not specific 1 covid-19 was not only 1 disease is not yet 1 disorders was not available 1 level was not significantly 1 pandemic has not yet 1 stress do not all 1 study are not limited 1 study are not publicly 1 study did not significantly 1 study found no significant 1 study is not generalisable 1 study showed no statistically 1 study was not dramatically 1 study were not evident A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-351057-xrv3k1fo author = Alenazi, Thamer H. title = Prevalence and predictors of anxiety among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-05 keywords = COVID-19; Saudi; anxiety summary = In a review of 14 studies of the psychological burden of COVID-19 pandemic on medical and non-medical hospital staff, significant stress and anxiety symptoms were reported by the surveyed staff [11] . Our study aimed to explore the prevalence of anxiety and the main predictors for high anxiety levels among HCWs in Saudi Arabia during the current COVID-19 pandemic. This study surveyed a large sample of HCWs working in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluated their level of anxiety during this time. Organizational factors that were related to increased anxiety levels were lack of regular communication and updates from the organization, insufficient and unsatisfactory quality of information about COVID-19, lack of access to COVID-19 testing for the staff, and lack of a crisis management plan; These findings are consistent with other studies looking at the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of HCWs [16, 17] . doi = 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.09.001 id = cord-012115-hpsxi9ay author = Archie, Patrick title = Music-based interventions in palliative cancer care: a review of quantitative studies and neurobiological literature date = 2013-05-30 keywords = anxiety; cancer; music; patient; study summary = The Cochrane Library, Ovid, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, and ProQuest were searched for the subject headings music, music therapy, cancer, oncology, palliative care, pain, anxiety, depression, mood, quality of life, prevalence, neuroscience, functional imaging, endogenous opioids, GABA, 5HT, dopamine, and permutations of these same search terms. RESULTS: Available evidence suggests that music-based interventions may have a positive impact on pain, anxiety, mood disturbance, and quality of life in cancer patients. b Inferior view of neuroanatomic regions affected by music (and implicated in the pathophysiology of pain, anxiety, and/or depression) outcome to cancer patients in palliative care settings, future studies investigating the effect of music-based interventions on pain, anxiety, or mood disturbance in this patient population should incorporate QOL measurements into their outcome assessment. doi = 10.1007/s00520-013-1841-4 id = cord-270232-ln7iil5y author = Bergman, Yoav S. title = COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults: the moderating role of ageism date = 2020-06-17 keywords = anxiety; covid-19 summary = Accordingly, the current study examined the moderating role of COVID-19-related ageism in the connection between COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults. Data were collected from 243 older adults (age range 60–92; M = 69.75, SD = 6.69), who completed scales assessing COVID-19-related health worries and ageism, as well as anxiety symptoms. Accordingly, the current study aimed at examining the role of ageism in the connection between COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults and explored the moderating role of ageism as strengthening this connection. Moreover, we hypothesized that the health worries-anxiety symptoms connection-would be stronger among older adults who display high levels of ageism. Our results demonstrate that both COVID-19 health-related worries and ageism resulting from the current pandemic were positively associated with anxiety symptoms among older adults. doi = 10.1017/s1041610220001258 id = cord-355015-e681jmix author = Cici, Remziye title = Determination of anxiety levels and perspectives on the nursing profession among candidate nurses with relation to the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-08-10 keywords = anxiety; covid-19 summary = PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the anxiety level of candidate nurses and capture their perspective on the nursing profession in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The candidate''s perspective on the profession was captured with help of two survey questions: first, "What was your perspective on the nursing profession before and during the COVID-19 pandemic?", to which the answer choices were "positive," "negative," and "undecided." The second question asked, "Are you willing to practice your profession in the future?" and the answer choices were "yes" and "no." Self-assessments of the influence of the pandemic on mental health and the fear with regard to the risk of contagion were also captured with questions with the answers "yes and no." In summary, in our study, it was found that anxiety levels increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and perspectives on the profession showed a negative trend due to the pandemic among candidate nurses. Determination of anxiety levels and perspectives on the nursing profession among candidate nurses with relation to the COVID-19 pandemic doi = 10.1111/ppc.12601 id = cord-350000-eqn3kl5p author = Drissi, Nidal title = An Analysis on Self-Management and Treatment-related Functionality and Characteristics of Highly Rated Anxiety Apps date = 2020-07-30 keywords = anxiety; app; health; mental; user summary = The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of treatment and management-related functionality and characteristics of high-rated mobile applications (apps) for anxiety, which are available for Android and iOS systems. Results also showed that 51% of the selected apps used various gamification features to motivate users to keep using them, 32% provided social features including chat, communication with others and links to sources of help; 46% offered offline availability; and only 19% reported involvement of mental health professionals in their design. This study aims to analyze the functionality and characteristics of highly 5 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f rated anxiety apps to identify users'' preferred features and management methods delivered for anxiety with a smartphone or a tablet. doi = 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104243 id = cord-310592-he6wquwj author = Drummond, Lynne M. title = Does coronavirus pose a challenge to the diagnoses of anxiety and depression? A view from psychiatry date = 2020-09-03 keywords = anxiety summary = For a diagnosis of anxiety disorder or depression to be made, an individual should be experiencing a range of symptoms associated with the anxiety and depression, and the symptoms should be apparent for a period of time (not just hours or minutes but weeks or months) and sufficiently severe that they interfere with the person''s ability to function fully in their home, work, social or private leisure settings. A questionnaire asking about mental disorders found that 21.2% had received a diagnosis of depression at some time in their lives and 14% had been diagnosed with anxiety. Given that we are facing an unknown and unseen threat to our health and survival, it is unsurprising that there have been increased numbers of people complaining of symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression. It is therefore not surprising that there is an increase in the symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population, particularly in people working in front-line healthcare. doi = 10.1192/bjb.2020.102 id = cord-333224-grjbz5u7 author = Effati-Daryani, Fatemeh title = Depression, stress, anxiety and their predictors in Iranian pregnant women during the outbreak of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-22 keywords = anxiety; depression; stress summary = Based on the adjusted general linear model, and by adjusting other variables, the four variables of spouse''s educational level, spouse''s support, marital life satisfaction and number of pregnancies were significantly associated with the anxiety score (P < 0.05) and were able to predict 19.0% of anxiety score variance in pregnant women during the prevalence of COVID-19. Based on the adjusted general linear model, and by adjusting other variables, the variables of spouse''s level of education, sufficiency of household income, spouse''s support and marital life satisfaction have a significant relationship with stress score (P < 0.05) and it was possible to predict 21.6% of stress score variance in pregnant women during the prevalence of COVID-19 (Table 3 ). In the present study, marital life satisfaction and a high level of spousal education and income were associated with reduced symptoms of stress and anxiety in pregnant women. doi = 10.1186/s40359-020-00464-8 id = cord-291526-aau0hnwx author = Ge, Fenfen title = Predicting Psychological State Among Chinese Undergraduate Students in the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Longitudinal Study Using a Machine Learning date = 2020-09-17 keywords = anxiety; covid-19; student summary = We aimed to explore the prevalence rate of probable anxiety and probable insomnia and to find the risk factors among a longitudinal study of undergraduate students using the approach of machine learning. In summary, we aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of probable anxiety and probable insomnia and to confirm the risk factors among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, it includes psychotic experiences (4 items), suicidal ideation (3 items), the history of anxiety symptoms (4 items), the history of depression symptoms (5 items), paranoia (4 items), inferiority (5 items), sensitivity (4 items), social phobia (4 items), somatization (4 items), dependence (4 items), aggression (4 items), impulsive (4 items), obsession and compulsion (4 items), Internet addiction (5 items), self-injury (4 items), eating problems (4 items), sleeping problem (4 items), school adjustment difficulties (4 items), interpersonal distress (4 items), academic pressure (4 items), employment pressure (4 items) and romantic relationship problems (4 items). doi = 10.2147/ndt.s262004 id = cord-321193-c0g999r1 author = Goodwin, Robin title = Anxiety and public responses to covid-19: Early data from Thailand date = 2020-06-30 keywords = Thailand; anxiety; trust summary = We examined anxiety, symptom awareness, trust and associated behavioural responses in the first three weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 (covid-19) outbreak in Thailand. In common with other coronavirus outbreaks 36 including SARS (Washer, 2004) , and influenza strain H1N1 (''swine flu'') (Goodwin et al, 2011) , anxiety 37 associated with the virus has contributed towards societal disruption in Thailand, as community 38 relations become strained, and groups associated with the epidemic suffer discrimination (Boolert, Participants. Table 1 shows the most common responses to open-ended questions on 80 symptoms, preventive behaviours, and trust in information sources. Controlling for sex and age grouping those most anxious were more 90 likely to avoid crowds, Chinese people, those coughing, and public transport/flying. We report data on awareness of 104 symptoms, anxiety, trust and associated behavioural responses three to five weeks into the epidemic 105 in this country. Anxiety and trust towards different information 125 sources were associated with preventive health and economic behaviours. doi = 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.06.026 id = cord-288568-fjdjuksm author = Huang, Yuanyuan title = Prevalence and Correlation of Anxiety, Insomnia and Somatic Symptoms in a Chinese Population During the COVID-19 Epidemic date = 2020-08-28 keywords = anxiety; covid-19; symptom summary = Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of anxiety, somatization and insomnia and explore the relationships between different psychological states in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. All subjects were evaluated with the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, the somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). At present, several studies have reported the prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and other psychological states in the general population during the epidemic (1, 6-8, 10-12). Therefore, we investigated the public''s mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic and aimed to (1) explore the prevalence of anxiety, somatization, and insomnia in a Chinese population; (2) examine the correlation between physical symptoms and psychological symptoms; and (3) provide a theoretical basis for intervention measures provided by psychologists and the government. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptoms were common in the general population during the COVID-19 epidemic. doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.568329 id = cord-337530-qgv29qql author = Idrissi, Abdelkrim Janati title = Sleep quality and mental health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in Morocco date = 2020-08-12 keywords = anxiety; covid-19; sleep summary = • High prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depressive signs were found in COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Variables with P ≤ 0.20 on univariate analysis were taken into account in the multivariate logistic regression model to assess the potential factors influencing depressive symptoms, anxiety, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 lockdown stage. Accurate beliefs about sleep prevent respondents from insomnia (p<0.001), daytime sleepiness (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001), and depressive symptoms (p<0.001) ( Table 3 ). Before the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, the prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression in Morocco was 18.6%, 4.5%, and 4.5%, respectively [19, 20, 21] . In China, the overall prevalence of anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality of the public during the lockdown period were 35.1%, 20.1%, and 18.2%, respectively [22] . Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey doi = 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.045 id = cord-299567-tlnvqah3 author = Irfan, M. title = The psychological impact of coronavirus on university students and its socio-economic determinants in Malaysia date = 2020-10-30 keywords = COVID-19; Malaysia; anxiety summary = This article examines the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon university students anxiety level and finds the factors associated with the anxiety disorder in Malaysia. Whereas, age above than 20 years (OR= 1.30, 95% CI= 0.96-1.75), ethnicity Chinese (OR=1.72, 95% CI= 0.95-3.1), any other disease (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.44-2.79), decreased family income (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.34-2.17), more time spent on watching COVID-19 related news (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.17-1.97), and infected relative or friends (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.06-2.50) were risk factors for anxiety among students. The sudden change in the mode of teaching due to the potential risk of death caused by COVID-19, isolation, and lockdown have increased the anxiety level and created extreme stress to the general public [4] and students alike [5] The abnormal stress and depression amongst students not only affect their performance but also is associated with heightened self-injury and suicidal attempts [6] . doi = 10.1101/2020.10.27.20220723 id = cord-284030-hnjhdlif author = Li, Quanman title = Prevalence and Factors for Anxiety during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic among the Teachers in China date = 2020-08-13 keywords = China; anxiety summary = Abstract Objective To assess the prevalence of anxiety and explore its factors during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic among the teachers in China. After adjusting for potential confounders, age, sex, education status, type of teachers, school location, information source, worried level, fear level, and behavior status were found to be associated with anxiety. Therefore, this present study included registered teachers in China during the COVID-19 outbreak and aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and identify the potential risk and protective factors contributing to anxiety. A standard questionnaire was developed to assess demographic characteristics (sex, age, marital status, and education level and so on), the knowledge about COVID-19, attention, behavior, mental state (worry, fear, anxiety and so on), and other factors among all participants. Age, sex, education status, type of teachers, school location, information source, worried level, fear level, and behavior status were found to be associated with anxiety. doi = 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.017 id = cord-262049-c8uzehft author = Li, Ruilin title = Anxiety and related factors in frontline clinical nurses fighting COVID-19 in Wuhan date = 2020-07-24 keywords = COVID-19; anxiety; nurse summary = The aim of this study was to examine the anxiety status of the frontline clinical nurses in the designated hospitals for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan and to analyze the influencing factors, to provide data for psychologic nursing. The frontline nurses working in the designated hospitals for the treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan had serious anxiety. Sex, age, length of service, and clinical working time against COVID-19 were associated with anxiety in those nurses. To understand the psychologic state of the first cohort of frontline nurses in the designated hospitals in Wuhan city, we investigated and analyzed their anxiety and the related factors, hoping to provide data for the psychologic intervention of frontline and rescue nurses. The general information questionnaire included sex, age, ethnicity, length of service, professional title, education level, marital status, and clinical working time against COVID-19. doi = 10.1097/md.0000000000021413 id = cord-291709-x9llke60 author = Lin, Yulan title = Uncovering physical and attitudinal barriers to adherence to precautions for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 and anxiety level of people in Wuhan: 2 months after the lockdown date = 2020-09-22 keywords = COVID-19; anxiety summary = title: Uncovering physical and attitudinal barriers to adherence to precautions for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 and anxiety level of people in Wuhan: 2 months after the lockdown Using a cut-off score of 44 for the State-Trait Inventory (STAI) score, 79.9% (95%CI 78.2−81.5) of the participants reported moderate to severe anxiety during the early phase of the outbreak and 51.3% (95%CI 49.2−53.3) reported moderate to severe anxiety after the peak of COVID-19 was over (during the study period). The COVID-19 pandemic is presenting a great challenge to the mental wellness of the people 56 in China, especially in Wuhan which was placed under strict lockdown(9).Likewise, the 57 pandemic also causes unprecedented mental health burden in the United States(10), United outbreak revealed that more than half of the public rated the psychological impact as 61 moderate to severe (15). The survey consisted of three sections, which 95 assessed i) demographic background, ii) barriers to prevention measures, iii) negative attitude 96 toward COVID-19, and iv) anxiety levels. doi = 10.1016/j.psym.2020.09.005 id = cord-353592-gsvobusu author = Luceño-Moreno, Lourdes title = Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Levels of Resilience and Burnout in Spanish Health Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-30 keywords = COVID-19; anxiety; depression; stress summary = Due to the importance of understanding how the disease affects these professionals, the researchers of this study collected information related to demographic variables, associated with the job, changes of residence, possible contact with people during work, COVID-19 tests, hospitalization, isolation, protective equipment, concern over becoming infected, concern that a family member and/or someone with whom they are living may be infected. Finally, linear regression models were used to see which variables (demographic, work, COVID-19, burnout and resilience) were jointly related to symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression. Analyses were carried out to evaluate the proportion of health care cases with symptoms associated with possible posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and burnout at their different severity levels. This research aimed to assess the symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and resilience in Spanish health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17155514 id = cord-034687-57n88v6t author = Maldonado, Rafael title = The endocannabinoid system in modulating fear, anxiety, and stress date = 2020-09-17 keywords = PFC; anxiety; endocannabinoid summary = We also review the alterations in the activity of the endocannabinoid system during fear, stress, and anxiety, and the pathophysiological role of each component of this system in the control of these protective emotional responses that also trigger pathological emotional disorders. Importantly, the deletion of CB 1 R in forebrain GABAergic neurons of GABA-CB 1 R knockouts leads to an augmentation of active coping strategies in the fear conditioning paradigm, possibly due to an increased inhibition of glutamatergic cells in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), which reduces central amygdala (CeA) excitation. 24 Glucocorticoids released after acute stressors activate G-protein membrane receptors in the BLA, promoting a rapid increase in retrograde 2-AG signaling that leads to suppression of GABAergic synaptic inputs onto BLA principal neurons, inducing fast increases in anxiety-like behavior. 34 Chronic stress induces prominent and sustained changes in the endocannabinoid system, leading to decreases in CB 1 R signaling in brain regions related with emotional processing such as the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, PFC, dorsal raphe nucleus, hypothalamus, and amygdala. doi = 10.31887/dcns.2020.22.3/rmaldonado id = cord-349836-m9b65l75 author = Malhotra, C. title = Anxiety and perceived risk during COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-07-24 keywords = anxiety; covid-19 summary = Results from path analysis showed that younger participants, those with chronic conditions, those living with children and low perceived trust in government response to COVID-19 had a significantly higher anxiety mediated by their perceived risk of dying upon getting COVID-19. Results from our final model (Figure 1 ) showed that those with -more chronic conditions, living with children and a lower perceived trust in government response to COVID-19 had significantly higher anxiety, which was mediated by their perceived risk of dying upon getting COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.20161315 doi: medRxiv preprint outcomes due to COVID-19 to the general public to help people clearly understand their risks and steps they can take to minimize this risk. In conclusion, we find high anxiety among younger adults, those with chronic conditions, living with children and with low trust in the government response to control the outbreak. doi = 10.1101/2020.07.24.20161315 id = cord-027578-yapmcvps author = Menzies, Rachel E. title = Death anxiety in the time of COVID-19: theoretical explanations and clinical implications date = 2020-06-11 keywords = COVID-19; Menzies; anxiety; death summary = Fear of death has recently been shown to predict not only anxiety related to COVID-19, but also to play a causal role in various mental health conditions. The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between death anxiety and anxious beliefs and behaviours related to COVID-19 (e.g. estimated likelihood of contracting the virus, estimated likelihood of wearing a mask in public, etc.), in addition to self-reported health anxiety, and overall psychological distress. Results from numerous studies appear to suggest that fear of death is indeed a transdiagnostic construct driving a number of mental health conditions, although further research using treatment-seeking and clinical samples is clearly warranted. In addition to predicting anxiety related to COVID-19 (Newton-John et al., 2020) , fear of death has also been shown to play a causal role across a number of mental health conditions (Menzies and Dar-Nimrod, 2017; Strachan et al., 2007) . doi = 10.1017/s1754470x20000215 id = cord-285384-xay5aw7y author = Naser, A. Y. title = Mental health status of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak in Jordan: a cross-sectional study date = 2020-04-11 keywords = anxiety; covid-19; depression summary = Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Jordan between 22nd and 28th of March 2020 to explore the mental health status (depression and anxiety) of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional study by means of online survey was conducted in Jordan between 22 nd and 28 th of March 2020 to explore the mental health status (depression and anxiety) of the GP, HCPs, and USs during the outbreak of COVID-19. University students, females, younger population (18-29 years), single and divorced, participants who completed their bachelor degree (from the GP), with lower-income category (500 JD and below), pulmonologist and ENT specialists (for HCPs), participants with no history of chronic diseases (for the GP and USs) tend to have higher depression and anxiety median scores compared to others. doi = 10.1101/2020.04.09.20056374 id = cord-355776-f8u66hbt author = Ni, Zhao title = Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Settings in China date = 2020-09-09 keywords = China; anxiety; covid-19; health summary = Independent correlates of having anxiety symptoms included being a healthcare provider (aOR=1.58, p <0.01), living in regions with a higher density of COVID-19 cases (aOR=2.13, p <0.01), having completed college (aOR=1.38, p =0.03), meeting screening criteria for depression (aOR=6.03, p <0.01) and poorer perceived health status (aOR=1.54, p <0.01). Not only did they markedly increase their selfand community-protective behaviors, but they also experienced high levels of anxiety associated with a heightened vulnerability like depression, having poor perceived health, and the potential of increased exposure to COVID-19 such as living closer to the epicenter of the pandemic. Unlike the other survey that found younger age (<35 years) and time spent (>3 hours daily) focusing on COVID-19, our assessment of urban dwellers found that GAD was correlated with being a healthcare worker, living in region more profoundly impacted by COVID-19, having poorer self-perceived health status, having a college education and having moderate to severe depression. doi = 10.21203/rs.3.rs-71833/v1 id = cord-320603-pus087p8 author = Ning, Xianjun title = The mental health of neurological doctors and nurses in Hunan Province, China during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-09-05 keywords = COVID-19; China; anxiety summary = The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and influencing factors on anxiety and depression in neurological healthcare workers in Hunan Province, China during the early stage of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Logistic regression analysis showed that a shortage of protective equipment was independently associated with probable anxiety (OR = 1.980, 95% CI: 1.241–3.160, P = 0.004), while young age was a risk factor for probable depression (OR = 2.293, 95% CI: 1.137–4.623, P = 0.020) among neurological healthcare workers. Unlike medical workers who are fighting on the front line, doctors and nurses in neurology departments may be less likely to receive training, including diagnostic testing for COVID-19, responses to infectious diseases, and appropriate donning and removal of personnel protective equipment [21] . This is the first study to report the prevalence of probable anxiety and depression among neurological doctors and nurses in Hunan Province during the COVID-19 outbreak. doi = 10.1186/s12888-020-02838-z id = cord-323789-mb3qdfj5 author = Preis, Heidi title = Pandemic-related pregnancy stress and anxiety among women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-15 keywords = anxiety summary = key: cord-323789-mb3qdfj5 authors: Preis, Heidi; Mahaffey, Brittain; Heiselman, Cassandra; Lobel, Marci title: Pandemic-related pregnancy stress and anxiety among women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-15 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100155 cord_uid: mb3qdfj5 Prenatal maternal stress and anxiety, whether at times of disaster or not, are well-7 established risk factors for preterm birth, low birth weight, infant health problems, and may have 8 long lasting effects on offspring. 1, 2 Approximately 21%-25% of women experience prenatal 9 anxiety symptoms (e.g., excessive worry, nervousness, agitation). Analysis on a random half of the sample confirmed its three constituent factors: Preparedness 31 Stress (7 items; e.g., "I am worried I will not be able to have someone with me during the 32 delivery"), Perinatal Infection Stress (5 items; e.g., "I am worried that my baby could get Step 1 Step 3 Step 3 Disasters and perinatal health: A systematic review doi = 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100155 id = cord-349219-tl97bj42 author = Rayhan Arusha, Anowara title = Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety and Depression due to Examination in Bangladeshi Youths: A Pilot Study date = 2020-07-18 keywords = Bangladesh; anxiety; depression; stress summary = Several contributing factors of stress, anxiety, and depression among students were identified in literature including sex, strained relationships, family and peer pressure, high parental expectation, lack of financial support and hardships, sleep deprivation, future worries, loneliness, longer screen time, toxic psychological environment, academic pressure, workload, size of the academic curriculum, and heavy test schedules (Brenneisen Mayer et al., 2016; Abdel Wahed and Hassan, 2017; Saeed et al., 2018; Silva and Figueiredo-Braga, 2018; ul Haq et al., 2018; Mamun and Griffiths, 2019) . To contribute to that gap, the present study investigated the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among Bangladeshi students and their associated risk factors with respect to socio-demographics and lifestyle measures. The objective of the study was to identify factors that affect the mental health of students due to examinations, particularly the socio-demographic and psychological factors using a survey conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2020. doi = 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105254 id = cord-342496-4na1e2de author = Savitsky, Bella title = Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-02 keywords = anxiety; factor; student summary = In Israel during the covid-19 pandemic and mandatory lockdown, nursing students encountered a new reality of economic uncertainty, fear of infection, challenges of distance education, lack of personal protection equipment (PPE) at work etc. The objective of this study was to assess levels of anxiety and ways of coping among nursing students in the Ashkelon Academic College, Southern District, Israel. The objective of this study was to assess level of anxiety and ways of coping during the period of covid-19 pandemic and identify association of coping strategies with characteristics of the students among nursing students in the Ashkelon Academic College, Southern District, Israel. Students who were more concerned with the future continuation of this academic year had a significantly higher anxiety score (median=9, IQR:6.0-14.0) than those who were concerned at a low or moderate level (median=7, IQR:2.0-12.0) (p value of Mann-Whitney non-parametric test=0.024) (data is not presented in the Table) . doi = 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102809 id = cord-287196-re4sosff author = Shahzad, Fakhar title = Perceived Threat of COVID-19 Contagion and Frontline Paramedics’ Agonistic Behaviour: Employing a Stressor–Strain–Outcome Perspective date = 2020-07-15 keywords = COVID-19; PSS; anxiety; behaviour; emotional; threat summary = The results found that the perceived threat of COVID-19 contagion (emotional and cognitive threat) was positively correlated with physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion, which led toward agonistic behaviour. Further, perceived social support was a key moderator that negatively affected the relationships between agonistic behaviour and physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Therefore, our study also examined the moderating role of PSS on the association between selected strain factors (physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion) and the agonistic behaviour of frontline paramedics. Moreover, the sequential process of the SSO model has been used to test the theoretical avowals made in this study, which includes how perceived threat of COVID-19 affect the agonistic behaviour of frontline paramedics by creating physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Our study concludes that the effect of perceived COVID-19 threat on predicting greater levels of physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion among frontline healthcare paramedics may contribute to their agonistic behaviour. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17145102 id = cord-268884-oi5l5f7f author = Shevlin, Mark title = Anxiety, depression, traumatic stress and COVID-19-related anxiety in the UK general population during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-10 keywords = PTSD; anxiety; covid-19 summary = 10 The primary aim of this study was to assess the levels of anxiety, depression and traumatic stress, based on validated selfreport measures, in a large, representative community sample during an early stage of the pandemic, between 23 and 28 March 2020. Our secondary aim was to identify groups that are psychologically vulnerable during the pandemic, by assessing the relationship between levels of anxiety, depression and traumatic stress and (a) age; (b) household income; (c) economic threat due to COVID-19; (d) health-related risk factors (being male, self or close friend or relative having a pre-existing serious health condition); (e) COVID-19 infection status; (f) anxiety specifically related to COVID-19; (g) perceived risk of COVID-19 infection; (h) living in an urban area; (i) living as a lone adult and (j) living with children in the home. doi = 10.1192/bjo.2020.109 id = cord-332733-rnq4z2yz author = Su, Jinghua title = Proximity to people with COVID-19 and anxiety among community residents during the epidemic in Guangzhou, China date = 2020-07-23 keywords = COVID-19; anxiety summary = Higher anxiety levels in community residents was associated with the presence of individuals with COVID-19 in the same building; a longer time spent each day gathering information about the virus; and choosing social media as their preferred source of information. The aim of this survey was to explore the prevalence of anxiety among community residents in Guangzhou city, the third biggest city in China, and its association with proximity to people with COVID-19, information overload and information sources. We collected data on participants'' demographic characteristics, proximity to COVID-19 cases, time spent collecting information about coronavirus, favourite methods to obtain information, worry about COVID-19 and anxiety. Proximity to patients with COVID-19, time spent on collecting information about coronavirus and preferring to use social media as their information source were included in the multivariate analysis. Anxiety was not associated with demographic characteristics in our study, which indicates the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic may be universal in community residents. doi = 10.1192/bjo.2020.59 id = cord-308300-p9jyyt08 author = Taylor, Steven title = Anxiety Disorders, Climate Change, and the Challenges Ahead: Introduction to the Special Issue date = 2020-09-22 keywords = anxiety; change; climate summary = Climate change involves (1) increases in the prevalence of extreme weather events (e.g., wildfires, floods, hurricanes), (2) more gradual climatic changes (e.g., rising sea levels, desertification), and (3) increased risks of pandemics and other widespread disease outbreaks. Three types of interventions are needed to address the various types of climate-related anxiety: (1) programs that motivate people to overcome anxious passivity and thereby take action to mitigate the effects of climate change, (2) treatment programs that address anxiety associated with exposure to climatic stressors, and (3) programs that build resilience at an individual and community level, to help people better cope with the challenges ahead. In summary, the co-occurrence of pandemics or other disease outbreaks during climaterelated stressors, such as extreme weather events, will seriously compound the stressors that people may experience, thereby increasing the risk for anxiety disorders and related clinical conditions such as PTSD. doi = 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102313 id = cord-292508-unoeicq0 author = Teshome, Abinet title = Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Its Associated Factors Among Health Care Workers Fighting COVID-19 in Southern Ethiopia date = 2020-11-05 keywords = anxiety; covid-19; health summary = These factors, together with the fear of being contagious and infecting others, physical exhaustion, inadequate personal equipment, and the need to make ethically difficult decisions on the rationing of care could increase the possibility of psychological issues among HCWs. 9,12-14 A study conducted in China reported that 13% of HCWs experienced anxiety during the fight against COVID-19. 15 Another study conducted on the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore reported a 10.8% anxiety prevalence. The findings of this study are timely and would help the local program planners and policymakers to plan appropriate interventions at the early stage to prevent a detrimental psychological outcome of HCWs. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health workers working in Gamo, Gofa, Konso, and South Omo Zones of Southern Ethiopia from 20, May to 20, June 2020. doi = 10.2147/prbm.s282822 id = cord-289498-6hf3axps author = Tull, Matthew T. title = The Prospective Influence of COVID-19 Affective Risk Assessments and Intolerance of Uncertainty on Later Dimensions of Health Anxiety date = 2020-08-12 keywords = Anxiety; COVID-19; Time; intolerance summary = This study examined the unique and interactive relations of COVID-19 affective risk assessments (worry about risk for contracting/dying from COVID-19) and intolerance of uncertainty to later health anxiety dimensions. The latter finding was qualified by a significant interaction, such that affective risk assessments were positively associated with anticipated negative consequences of having an illness only among participants with mean and low levels of intolerance of uncertainty. This study sought to examine the unique and interactive prospective relations of COVID-19 affective risk assessments (i.e., worry about risk for contracting or dying from and intolerance of uncertainty to health anxiety one month later. At high levels of intolerance of uncertainty, no significant association was found between COVID-19 affective risk assessments and health anxiety. Specifically, our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 affective risk assessments and intolerance of uncertainty are uniquely associated with various dimensions of health anxiety one month later. doi = 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102290 id = cord-029861-5alerret author = Wu, Mengting title = Mental health status of students’ parents during COVID-19 pandemic and its influence factors date = 2020-07-21 keywords = anxiety; depression; parent summary = AIMS: To investigate the depression, anxiety and stress of the students'' parents during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore the influence factors, especially the influence of social support and family-related factors. Other factors that influence parents'' depression, anxiety and perceived stress include marital satisfaction, social support, parents'' history of mental illness and parenting style, etc. (2) The regression analysis results showed that perceived stress, social support, marital satisfaction, family conflicts, child''s learning stage as well as parents'' history of mental illness had significant effects on parents'' anxiety and depression. The results showed that stress, marital satisfaction, social support, parents'' history of mental illness, family conflicts and child''s learning stage had significant effects on anxiety. The depression, anxiety and stress of parents with low family economic level were significantly higher than those with high economic level, which is consistent with previous studies, family economic condition is an important factor affecting individual''s mental health. doi = 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100250 id = cord-276831-1z27qsym author = Zhu, Juhong title = Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in the First-Line Medical Staff Fighting Against COVID-19 in Gansu date = 2020-04-29 keywords = anxiety; depression; symptom summary = It is extremely important to understand the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in first-line anti-epidemic medical staff and their coping styles for these negative emotions. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Gansu (China), with a questionnaire packet which consisted of the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ). CONCLUSIONS: The first-line anti-epidemic medical staff have high anxiety and depression symptoms and adopting positive coping styles will help to improve their negative emotions. doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00386 id = cord-318363-1mv5j4w2 author = Zvolensky, Michael J. title = Psychological, addictive, and health behavior implications of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-27 keywords = COVID-19; HIV; PTSD; anxiety; health; risk; stress summary = Additional risk factors for the development or exacerbation of PTSD symptoms include a prior history of trauma or mental health disturbances, depressed or anxious mood, significant concurrent life stressors (e.g., financial problems, job loss, relationship stress), low social connectedness or support, sleep disturbance, substance use, and emotional numbing or detachment (Colvonen, Straus, Acheson, & Gehrman, 2019; Cusack et al., 2019; Germain, McKeon, & Campbell, 2017; Hancock & Bryant, 2018; Shalev et al., 2019; Steenkamp et al., 2017; Vujanovic & Back, 2019) . That is, a specific type of individual difference factor like anxiety sensitivity is linked to a particular type of problem (e.g., anxiety disorder, worsening of a chronic respiratory illness, severity of hazardous drinking) via a specified mediating process (e.g., smoking, sleep disruption) in the context of certain moderating variables (e.g., higher levels of COVID-19 stress burden). doi = 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103715