cord-012115-hpsxi9ay	2013	The Cochrane Library, Ovid, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, and ProQuest were searched for the subject headings music, music therapy, cancer, oncology, palliative care, pain, anxiety, depression, mood, quality of life, prevalence, neuroscience, functional imaging, endogenous opioids, GABA, 5HT, dopamine, and permutations of these same search terms. RESULTS: Available evidence suggests that music-based interventions may have a positive impact on pain, anxiety, mood disturbance, and quality of life in cancer patients. b Inferior view of neuroanatomic regions affected by music (and implicated in the pathophysiology of pain, anxiety, and/or depression) outcome to cancer patients in palliative care settings, future studies investigating the effect of music-based interventions on pain, anxiety, or mood disturbance in this patient population should incorporate QOL measurements into their outcome assessment.
cord-027578-yapmcvps	2020	Fear of death has recently been shown to predict not only anxiety related to COVID-19, but also to play a causal role in various mental health conditions. The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between death anxiety and anxious beliefs and behaviours related to COVID-19 (e.g. estimated likelihood of contracting the virus, estimated likelihood of wearing a mask in public, etc.), in addition to self-reported health anxiety, and overall psychological distress. Results from numerous studies appear to suggest that fear of death is indeed a transdiagnostic construct driving a number of mental health conditions, although further research using treatment-seeking and clinical samples is clearly warranted. In addition to predicting anxiety related to COVID-19 (Newton-John et al., 2020) , fear of death has also been shown to play a causal role across a number of mental health conditions (Menzies and Dar-Nimrod, 2017; Strachan et al., 2007) .
cord-029861-5alerret	2020	AIMS: To investigate the depression, anxiety and stress of the students'' parents during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore the influence factors, especially the influence of social support and family-related factors. Other factors that influence parents'' depression, anxiety and perceived stress include marital satisfaction, social support, parents'' history of mental illness and parenting style, etc. (2) The regression analysis results showed that perceived stress, social support, marital satisfaction, family conflicts, child''s learning stage as well as parents'' history of mental illness had significant effects on parents'' anxiety and depression. The results showed that stress, marital satisfaction, social support, parents'' history of mental illness, family conflicts and child''s learning stage had significant effects on anxiety. The depression, anxiety and stress of parents with low family economic level were significantly higher than those with high economic level, which is consistent with previous studies, family economic condition is an important factor affecting individual''s mental health.
cord-034687-57n88v6t	2020	We also review the alterations in the activity of the endocannabinoid system during fear, stress, and anxiety, and the pathophysiological role of each component of this system in the control of these protective emotional responses that also trigger pathological emotional disorders. Importantly, the deletion of CB 1 R in forebrain GABAergic neurons of GABA-CB 1 R knockouts leads to an augmentation of active coping strategies in the fear conditioning paradigm, possibly due to an increased inhibition of glutamatergic cells in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), which reduces central amygdala (CeA) excitation. 24 Glucocorticoids released after acute stressors activate G-protein membrane receptors in the BLA, promoting a rapid increase in retrograde 2-AG signaling that leads to suppression of GABAergic synaptic inputs onto BLA principal neurons, inducing fast increases in anxiety-like behavior. 34 Chronic stress induces prominent and sustained changes in the endocannabinoid system, leading to decreases in CB 1 R signaling in brain regions related with emotional processing such as the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, PFC, dorsal raphe nucleus, hypothalamus, and amygdala.
cord-262049-c8uzehft	2020	The aim of this study was to examine the anxiety status of the frontline clinical nurses in the designated hospitals for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan and to analyze the influencing factors, to provide data for psychologic nursing. The frontline nurses working in the designated hospitals for the treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan had serious anxiety. Sex, age, length of service, and clinical working time against COVID-19 were associated with anxiety in those nurses. To understand the psychologic state of the first cohort of frontline nurses in the designated hospitals in Wuhan city, we investigated and analyzed their anxiety and the related factors, hoping to provide data for the psychologic intervention of frontline and rescue nurses. The general information questionnaire included sex, age, ethnicity, length of service, professional title, education level, marital status, and clinical working time against COVID-19.
cord-268884-oi5l5f7f	2020	10 The primary aim of this study was to assess the levels of anxiety, depression and traumatic stress, based on validated selfreport measures, in a large, representative community sample during an early stage of the pandemic, between 23 and 28 March 2020. Our secondary aim was to identify groups that are psychologically vulnerable during the pandemic, by assessing the relationship between levels of anxiety, depression and traumatic stress and (a) age; (b) household income; (c) economic threat due to COVID-19; (d) health-related risk factors (being male, self or close friend or relative having a pre-existing serious health condition); (e) COVID-19 infection status; (f) anxiety specifically related to COVID-19; (g) perceived risk of COVID-19 infection; (h) living in an urban area; (i) living as a lone adult and (j) living with children in the home.
cord-270232-ln7iil5y	2020	Accordingly, the current study examined the moderating role of COVID-19-related ageism in the connection between COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults. Data were collected from 243 older adults (age range 60–92; M = 69.75, SD = 6.69), who completed scales assessing COVID-19-related health worries and ageism, as well as anxiety symptoms. Accordingly, the current study aimed at examining the role of ageism in the connection between COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults and explored the moderating role of ageism as strengthening this connection. Moreover, we hypothesized that the health worries-anxiety symptoms connection-would be stronger among older adults who display high levels of ageism. Our results demonstrate that both COVID-19 health-related worries and ageism resulting from the current pandemic were positively associated with anxiety symptoms among older adults.
cord-276831-1z27qsym	2020	It is extremely important to understand the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in first-line anti-epidemic medical staff and their coping styles for these negative emotions. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Gansu (China), with a questionnaire packet which consisted of the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ). CONCLUSIONS: The first-line anti-epidemic medical staff have high anxiety and depression symptoms and adopting positive coping styles will help to improve their negative emotions.
cord-284030-hnjhdlif	2020	Abstract Objective To assess the prevalence of anxiety and explore its factors during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic among the teachers in China. After adjusting for potential confounders, age, sex, education status, type of teachers, school location, information source, worried level, fear level, and behavior status were found to be associated with anxiety. Therefore, this present study included registered teachers in China during the COVID-19 outbreak and aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and identify the potential risk and protective factors contributing to anxiety. A standard questionnaire was developed to assess demographic characteristics (sex, age, marital status, and education level and so on), the knowledge about COVID-19, attention, behavior, mental state (worry, fear, anxiety and so on), and other factors among all participants. Age, sex, education status, type of teachers, school location, information source, worried level, fear level, and behavior status were found to be associated with anxiety.
cord-285384-xay5aw7y	2020	Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Jordan between 22nd and 28th of March 2020 to explore the mental health status (depression and anxiety) of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional study by means of online survey was conducted in Jordan between 22 nd and 28 th of March 2020 to explore the mental health status (depression and anxiety) of the GP, HCPs, and USs during the outbreak of COVID-19. University students, females, younger population (18-29 years), single and divorced, participants who completed their bachelor degree (from the GP), with lower-income category (500 JD and below), pulmonologist and ENT specialists (for HCPs), participants with no history of chronic diseases (for the GP and USs) tend to have higher depression and anxiety median scores compared to others.
cord-287196-re4sosff	2020	The results found that the perceived threat of COVID-19 contagion (emotional and cognitive threat) was positively correlated with physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion, which led toward agonistic behaviour. Further, perceived social support was a key moderator that negatively affected the relationships between agonistic behaviour and physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Therefore, our study also examined the moderating role of PSS on the association between selected strain factors (physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion) and the agonistic behaviour of frontline paramedics. Moreover, the sequential process of the SSO model has been used to test the theoretical avowals made in this study, which includes how perceived threat of COVID-19 affect the agonistic behaviour of frontline paramedics by creating physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Our study concludes that the effect of perceived COVID-19 threat on predicting greater levels of physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion among frontline healthcare paramedics may contribute to their agonistic behaviour.
cord-288568-fjdjuksm	2020	Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of anxiety, somatization and insomnia and explore the relationships between different psychological states in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. All subjects were evaluated with the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, the somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). At present, several studies have reported the prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and other psychological states in the general population during the epidemic (1, 6-8, 10-12). Therefore, we investigated the public''s mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic and aimed to (1) explore the prevalence of anxiety, somatization, and insomnia in a Chinese population; (2) examine the correlation between physical symptoms and psychological symptoms; and (3) provide a theoretical basis for intervention measures provided by psychologists and the government. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptoms were common in the general population during the COVID-19 epidemic.
cord-289498-6hf3axps	2020	This study examined the unique and interactive relations of COVID-19 affective risk assessments (worry about risk for contracting/dying from COVID-19) and intolerance of uncertainty to later health anxiety dimensions. The latter finding was qualified by a significant interaction, such that affective risk assessments were positively associated with anticipated negative consequences of having an illness only among participants with mean and low levels of intolerance of uncertainty. This study sought to examine the unique and interactive prospective relations of COVID-19 affective risk assessments (i.e., worry about risk for contracting or dying from and intolerance of uncertainty to health anxiety one month later. At high levels of intolerance of uncertainty, no significant association was found between COVID-19 affective risk assessments and health anxiety. Specifically, our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 affective risk assessments and intolerance of uncertainty are uniquely associated with various dimensions of health anxiety one month later.
cord-291526-aau0hnwx	2020	We aimed to explore the prevalence rate of probable anxiety and probable insomnia and to find the risk factors among a longitudinal study of undergraduate students using the approach of machine learning. In summary, we aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of probable anxiety and probable insomnia and to confirm the risk factors among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, it includes psychotic experiences (4 items), suicidal ideation (3 items), the history of anxiety symptoms (4 items), the history of depression symptoms (5 items), paranoia (4 items), inferiority (5 items), sensitivity (4 items), social phobia (4 items), somatization (4 items), dependence (4 items), aggression (4 items), impulsive (4 items), obsession and compulsion (4 items), Internet addiction (5 items), self-injury (4 items), eating problems (4 items), sleeping problem (4 items), school adjustment difficulties (4 items), interpersonal distress (4 items), academic pressure (4 items), employment pressure (4 items) and romantic relationship problems (4 items).
cord-291709-x9llke60	2020	title: Uncovering physical and attitudinal barriers to adherence to precautions for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 and anxiety level of people in Wuhan: 2 months after the lockdown Using a cut-off score of 44 for the State-Trait Inventory (STAI) score, 79.9% (95%CI 78.2−81.5) of the participants reported moderate to severe anxiety during the early phase of the outbreak and 51.3% (95%CI 49.2−53.3) reported moderate to severe anxiety after the peak of COVID-19 was over (during the study period). The COVID-19 pandemic is presenting a great challenge to the mental wellness of the people 56 in China, especially in Wuhan which was placed under strict lockdown(9).Likewise, the 57 pandemic also causes unprecedented mental health burden in the United States(10), United outbreak revealed that more than half of the public rated the psychological impact as 61 moderate to severe (15). The survey consisted of three sections, which 95 assessed i) demographic background, ii) barriers to prevention measures, iii) negative attitude 96 toward COVID-19, and iv) anxiety levels.
cord-292508-unoeicq0	2020	These factors, together with the fear of being contagious and infecting others, physical exhaustion, inadequate personal equipment, and the need to make ethically difficult decisions on the rationing of care could increase the possibility of psychological issues among HCWs. 9,12-14 A study conducted in China reported that 13% of HCWs experienced anxiety during the fight against COVID-19. 15 Another study conducted on the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore reported a 10.8% anxiety prevalence. The findings of this study are timely and would help the local program planners and policymakers to plan appropriate interventions at the early stage to prevent a detrimental psychological outcome of HCWs. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health workers working in Gamo, Gofa, Konso, and South Omo Zones of Southern Ethiopia from 20, May to 20, June 2020.
cord-299567-tlnvqah3	2020	This article examines the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon university students anxiety level and finds the factors associated with the anxiety disorder in Malaysia. Whereas, age above than 20 years (OR= 1.30, 95% CI= 0.96-1.75), ethnicity Chinese (OR=1.72, 95% CI= 0.95-3.1), any other disease (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.44-2.79), decreased family income (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.34-2.17), more time spent on watching COVID-19 related news (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.17-1.97), and infected relative or friends (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.06-2.50) were risk factors for anxiety among students. The sudden change in the mode of teaching due to the potential risk of death caused by COVID-19, isolation, and lockdown have increased the anxiety level and created extreme stress to the general public [4] and students alike [5] The abnormal stress and depression amongst students not only affect their performance but also is associated with heightened self-injury and suicidal attempts [6] .
cord-308300-p9jyyt08	2020	Climate change involves (1) increases in the prevalence of extreme weather events (e.g., wildfires, floods, hurricanes), (2) more gradual climatic changes (e.g., rising sea levels, desertification), and (3) increased risks of pandemics and other widespread disease outbreaks. Three types of interventions are needed to address the various types of climate-related anxiety: (1) programs that motivate people to overcome anxious passivity and thereby take action to mitigate the effects of climate change, (2) treatment programs that address anxiety associated with exposure to climatic stressors, and (3) programs that build resilience at an individual and community level, to help people better cope with the challenges ahead. In summary, the co-occurrence of pandemics or other disease outbreaks during climaterelated stressors, such as extreme weather events, will seriously compound the stressors that people may experience, thereby increasing the risk for anxiety disorders and related clinical conditions such as PTSD.
cord-310592-he6wquwj	2020	For a diagnosis of anxiety disorder or depression to be made, an individual should be experiencing a range of symptoms associated with the anxiety and depression, and the symptoms should be apparent for a period of time (not just hours or minutes but weeks or months) and sufficiently severe that they interfere with the person''s ability to function fully in their home, work, social or private leisure settings. A questionnaire asking about mental disorders found that 21.2% had received a diagnosis of depression at some time in their lives and 14% had been diagnosed with anxiety. Given that we are facing an unknown and unseen threat to our health and survival, it is unsurprising that there have been increased numbers of people complaining of symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression. It is therefore not surprising that there is an increase in the symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population, particularly in people working in front-line healthcare.
cord-318363-1mv5j4w2	2020	Additional risk factors for the development or exacerbation of PTSD symptoms include a prior history of trauma or mental health disturbances, depressed or anxious mood, significant concurrent life stressors (e.g., financial problems, job loss, relationship stress), low social connectedness or support, sleep disturbance, substance use, and emotional numbing or detachment (Colvonen, Straus, Acheson, & Gehrman, 2019; Cusack et al., 2019; Germain, McKeon, & Campbell, 2017; Hancock & Bryant, 2018; Shalev et al., 2019; Steenkamp et al., 2017; Vujanovic & Back, 2019) . That is, a specific type of individual difference factor like anxiety sensitivity is linked to a particular type of problem (e.g., anxiety disorder, worsening of a chronic respiratory illness, severity of hazardous drinking) via a specified mediating process (e.g., smoking, sleep disruption) in the context of certain moderating variables (e.g., higher levels of COVID-19 stress burden).
cord-320603-pus087p8	2020	The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and influencing factors on anxiety and depression in neurological healthcare workers in Hunan Province, China during the early stage of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Logistic regression analysis showed that a shortage of protective equipment was independently associated with probable anxiety (OR = 1.980, 95% CI: 1.241–3.160, P = 0.004), while young age was a risk factor for probable depression (OR = 2.293, 95% CI: 1.137–4.623, P = 0.020) among neurological healthcare workers. Unlike medical workers who are fighting on the front line, doctors and nurses in neurology departments may be less likely to receive training, including diagnostic testing for COVID-19, responses to infectious diseases, and appropriate donning and removal of personnel protective equipment [21] . This is the first study to report the prevalence of probable anxiety and depression among neurological doctors and nurses in Hunan Province during the COVID-19 outbreak.
cord-321193-c0g999r1	2020	We examined anxiety, symptom awareness, trust and associated behavioural responses in the first three weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 (covid-19) outbreak in Thailand. In common with other coronavirus outbreaks 36 including SARS (Washer, 2004) , and influenza strain H1N1 (''swine flu'') (Goodwin et al, 2011) , anxiety 37 associated with the virus has contributed towards societal disruption in Thailand, as community 38 relations become strained, and groups associated with the epidemic suffer discrimination (Boolert, Participants. Table 1 shows the most common responses to open-ended questions on 80 symptoms, preventive behaviours, and trust in information sources. Controlling for sex and age grouping those most anxious were more 90 likely to avoid crowds, Chinese people, those coughing, and public transport/flying. We report data on awareness of 104 symptoms, anxiety, trust and associated behavioural responses three to five weeks into the epidemic 105 in this country. Anxiety and trust towards different information 125 sources were associated with preventive health and economic behaviours.
cord-323789-mb3qdfj5	2020	key: cord-323789-mb3qdfj5 authors: Preis, Heidi; Mahaffey, Brittain; Heiselman, Cassandra; Lobel, Marci title: Pandemic-related pregnancy stress and anxiety among women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-15 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100155 cord_uid: mb3qdfj5 Prenatal maternal stress and anxiety, whether at times of disaster or not, are well-7 established risk factors for preterm birth, low birth weight, infant health problems, and may have 8 long lasting effects on offspring. 1, 2 Approximately 21%-25% of women experience prenatal 9 anxiety symptoms (e.g., excessive worry, nervousness, agitation). Analysis on a random half of the sample confirmed its three constituent factors: Preparedness 31 Stress (7 items; e.g., "I am worried I will not be able to have someone with me during the 32 delivery"), Perinatal Infection Stress (5 items; e.g., "I am worried that my baby could get Step 1 Step 3 Step 3 Disasters and perinatal health: A systematic review
cord-332733-rnq4z2yz	2020	Higher anxiety levels in community residents was associated with the presence of individuals with COVID-19 in the same building; a longer time spent each day gathering information about the virus; and choosing social media as their preferred source of information. The aim of this survey was to explore the prevalence of anxiety among community residents in Guangzhou city, the third biggest city in China, and its association with proximity to people with COVID-19, information overload and information sources. We collected data on participants'' demographic characteristics, proximity to COVID-19 cases, time spent collecting information about coronavirus, favourite methods to obtain information, worry about COVID-19 and anxiety. Proximity to patients with COVID-19, time spent on collecting information about coronavirus and preferring to use social media as their information source were included in the multivariate analysis. Anxiety was not associated with demographic characteristics in our study, which indicates the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic may be universal in community residents.
cord-333224-grjbz5u7	2020	Based on the adjusted general linear model, and by adjusting other variables, the four variables of spouse''s educational level, spouse''s support, marital life satisfaction and number of pregnancies were significantly associated with the anxiety score (P < 0.05) and were able to predict 19.0% of anxiety score variance in pregnant women during the prevalence of COVID-19. Based on the adjusted general linear model, and by adjusting other variables, the variables of spouse''s level of education, sufficiency of household income, spouse''s support and marital life satisfaction have a significant relationship with stress score (P < 0.05) and it was possible to predict 21.6% of stress score variance in pregnant women during the prevalence of COVID-19 (Table 3 ). In the present study, marital life satisfaction and a high level of spousal education and income were associated with reduced symptoms of stress and anxiety in pregnant women.
cord-337530-qgv29qql	2020	• High prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depressive signs were found in COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Variables with P ≤ 0.20 on univariate analysis were taken into account in the multivariate logistic regression model to assess the potential factors influencing depressive symptoms, anxiety, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 lockdown stage. Accurate beliefs about sleep prevent respondents from insomnia (p<0.001), daytime sleepiness (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001), and depressive symptoms (p<0.001) ( Table 3 ). Before the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, the prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression in Morocco was 18.6%, 4.5%, and 4.5%, respectively [19, 20, 21] . In China, the overall prevalence of anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality of the public during the lockdown period were 35.1%, 20.1%, and 18.2%, respectively [22] . Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey
cord-342496-4na1e2de	2020	In Israel during the covid-19 pandemic and mandatory lockdown, nursing students encountered a new reality of economic uncertainty, fear of infection, challenges of distance education, lack of personal protection equipment (PPE) at work etc. The objective of this study was to assess levels of anxiety and ways of coping among nursing students in the Ashkelon Academic College, Southern District, Israel. The objective of this study was to assess level of anxiety and ways of coping during the period of covid-19 pandemic and identify association of coping strategies with characteristics of the students among nursing students in the Ashkelon Academic College, Southern District, Israel. Students who were more concerned with the future continuation of this academic year had a significantly higher anxiety score (median=9, IQR:6.0-14.0) than those who were concerned at a low or moderate level (median=7, IQR:2.0-12.0) (p value of Mann-Whitney non-parametric test=0.024) (data is not presented in the Table) .
cord-349219-tl97bj42	2020	Several contributing factors of stress, anxiety, and depression among students were identified in literature including sex, strained relationships, family and peer pressure, high parental expectation, lack of financial support and hardships, sleep deprivation, future worries, loneliness, longer screen time, toxic psychological environment, academic pressure, workload, size of the academic curriculum, and heavy test schedules (Brenneisen Mayer et al., 2016; Abdel Wahed and Hassan, 2017; Saeed et al., 2018; Silva and Figueiredo-Braga, 2018; ul Haq et al., 2018; Mamun and Griffiths, 2019) . To contribute to that gap, the present study investigated the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among Bangladeshi students and their associated risk factors with respect to socio-demographics and lifestyle measures. The objective of the study was to identify factors that affect the mental health of students due to examinations, particularly the socio-demographic and psychological factors using a survey conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2020.
cord-349836-m9b65l75	2020	Results from path analysis showed that younger participants, those with chronic conditions, those living with children and low perceived trust in government response to COVID-19 had a significantly higher anxiety mediated by their perceived risk of dying upon getting COVID-19. Results from our final model (Figure 1 ) showed that those with -more chronic conditions, living with children and a lower perceived trust in government response to COVID-19 had significantly higher anxiety, which was mediated by their perceived risk of dying upon getting COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.20161315 doi: medRxiv preprint outcomes due to COVID-19 to the general public to help people clearly understand their risks and steps they can take to minimize this risk. In conclusion, we find high anxiety among younger adults, those with chronic conditions, living with children and with low trust in the government response to control the outbreak.
cord-350000-eqn3kl5p	2020	The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of treatment and management-related functionality and characteristics of high-rated mobile applications (apps) for anxiety, which are available for Android and iOS systems. Results also showed that 51% of the selected apps used various gamification features to motivate users to keep using them, 32% provided social features including chat, communication with others and links to sources of help; 46% offered offline availability; and only 19% reported involvement of mental health professionals in their design. This study aims to analyze the functionality and characteristics of highly 5 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f rated anxiety apps to identify users'' preferred features and management methods delivered for anxiety with a smartphone or a tablet.
cord-351057-xrv3k1fo	2020	In a review of 14 studies of the psychological burden of COVID-19 pandemic on medical and non-medical hospital staff, significant stress and anxiety symptoms were reported by the surveyed staff [11] . Our study aimed to explore the prevalence of anxiety and the main predictors for high anxiety levels among HCWs in Saudi Arabia during the current COVID-19 pandemic. This study surveyed a large sample of HCWs working in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluated their level of anxiety during this time. Organizational factors that were related to increased anxiety levels were lack of regular communication and updates from the organization, insufficient and unsatisfactory quality of information about COVID-19, lack of access to COVID-19 testing for the staff, and lack of a crisis management plan; These findings are consistent with other studies looking at the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of HCWs [16, 17] .
cord-353592-gsvobusu	2020	Due to the importance of understanding how the disease affects these professionals, the researchers of this study collected information related to demographic variables, associated with the job, changes of residence, possible contact with people during work, COVID-19 tests, hospitalization, isolation, protective equipment, concern over becoming infected, concern that a family member and/or someone with whom they are living may be infected. Finally, linear regression models were used to see which variables (demographic, work, COVID-19, burnout and resilience) were jointly related to symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression. Analyses were carried out to evaluate the proportion of health care cases with symptoms associated with possible posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and burnout at their different severity levels. This research aimed to assess the symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and resilience in Spanish health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-355015-e681jmix	2020	PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the anxiety level of candidate nurses and capture their perspective on the nursing profession in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The candidate''s perspective on the profession was captured with help of two survey questions: first, "What was your perspective on the nursing profession before and during the COVID-19 pandemic?", to which the answer choices were "positive," "negative," and "undecided." The second question asked, "Are you willing to practice your profession in the future?" and the answer choices were "yes" and "no." Self-assessments of the influence of the pandemic on mental health and the fear with regard to the risk of contagion were also captured with questions with the answers "yes and no." In summary, in our study, it was found that anxiety levels increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and perspectives on the profession showed a negative trend due to the pandemic among candidate nurses. Determination of anxiety levels and perspectives on the nursing profession among candidate nurses with relation to the COVID-19 pandemic
cord-355776-f8u66hbt	2020	Independent correlates of having anxiety symptoms included being a healthcare provider (aOR=1.58, p <0.01), living in regions with a higher density of COVID-19 cases (aOR=2.13, p <0.01), having completed college (aOR=1.38, p =0.03), meeting screening criteria for depression (aOR=6.03, p <0.01) and poorer perceived health status (aOR=1.54, p <0.01). Not only did they markedly increase their selfand community-protective behaviors, but they also experienced high levels of anxiety associated with a heightened vulnerability like depression, having poor perceived health, and the potential of increased exposure to COVID-19 such as living closer to the epicenter of the pandemic. Unlike the other survey that found younger age (<35 years) and time spent (>3 hours daily) focusing on COVID-19, our assessment of urban dwellers found that GAD was correlated with being a healthcare worker, living in region more profoundly impacted by COVID-19, having poorer self-perceived health status, having a college education and having moderate to severe depression.