id sid tid token lemma pos cord-349392-r71g2e9y 1 1 key key JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 1 2 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 1 3 cord-349392-r71g2e9y cord-349392-r71g2e9y JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 1 4 authors author NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 1 5 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 1 6 Wang Wang NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 1 7 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 1 8 L. L. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 1 9 -F. -F. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 1 10 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 1 11 Eaton Eaton NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 1 12 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 1 13 B. B. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 1 14 T. T. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 2 1 title title NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 2 2 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 2 3 Bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 2 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 2 5 Civets Civets NNPS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 2 6 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 2 7 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 2 8 Emergence Emergence NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 2 9 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 2 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 2 11 date date NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 2 12 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 3 1 2007 2007 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 3 2 journal journal NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 3 3 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 1 Wildlife wildlife NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 2 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 3 Emerging Emerging NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 4 Zoonotic Zoonotic NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 5 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 6 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 7 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 8 Biology Biology NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 9 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 10 Circumstances circumstance NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 11 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 12 Consequences consequence NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 13 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 14 Cross Cross NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 15 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 16 Species Species NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 17 Transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 18 DOI doi NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 19 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 20 10.1007/978 10.1007/978 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 21 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 22 3 3 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 23 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 24 540 540 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 25 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 26 70962 70962 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 27 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 28 6_13 6_13 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 29 sha sha NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 30 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 31 342bd44f189b8abde24735ce207595ac8fbafa9f 342bd44f189b8abde24735ce207595ac8fbafa9f CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 32 doc_id doc_id CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 33 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 34 349392 349392 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 35 cord_uid cord_uid NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 4 36 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 1 r71g2e9y r71g2e9y NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 2 Severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 3 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 4 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 5 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 7 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 9 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 10 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 11 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 13 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 14 disease disease NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 15 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 16 previously previously RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 17 unknown unknown JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 18 aetiology aetiology NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 19 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 20 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 21 twenty twenty CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 22 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 23 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 24 century century NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 5 25 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 1 Early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 2 epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 3 investigations investigation NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 4 suggested suggest VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 5 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 6 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 7 origin origin NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 8 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 9 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 10 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 11 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 12 Virological Virological NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 13 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 14 serological serological JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 15 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 16 indicated indicate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 17 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 18 masked mask VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 19 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 20 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 22 Paguma Paguma NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 23 larvata larvata NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 25 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 26 together together RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 27 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 28 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 29 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 30 wildlife wildlife NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 31 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 32 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 33 sampled sample VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 34 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 35 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 36 live live JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 37 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 38 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 39 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 40 infected infect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 41 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 42 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 43 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 44 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 45 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 46 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 47 closely closely RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 48 related related JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 49 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 6 50 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 1 Recently recently RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 3 horseshoe horseshoe NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 4 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 5 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 6 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 7 genus genus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 8 Rhinolophus Rhinolophus NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 9 have have VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 10 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 11 identified identify VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 12 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 13 natural natural JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 14 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 15 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 16 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 17 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 18 like like JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 19 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 7 20 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 1 Here here RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 4 review review VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 5 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 6 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 7 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 8 groups group NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 9 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 10 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 11 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 12 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 13 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 14 succeeded succeed VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 15 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 16 spillover spillover NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 17 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 18 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 19 wildlife wildlife NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 20 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 22 probably probably RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 23 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 25 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 26 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 27 population population NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 28 via via IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 29 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 30 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 31 host(s host(s NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 33 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 34 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 35 rapid rapid JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 36 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 37 evolution evolution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 38 played play VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 39 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 40 key key JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 41 role role NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 42 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 43 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 44 adaptation adaptation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 45 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 46 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 47 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 48 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 49 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 50 at at RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 51 least least RBS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 52 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 53 nonreservoir nonreservoir NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 54 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 55 within within IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 56 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 57 short short JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 58 period period NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 8 59 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 1 Severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 2 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 3 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 4 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 8 first first RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 9 appeared appear VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 10 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 11 mid mid NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 12 - - NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 13 November November NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 14 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 15 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 16 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 17 province province NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 18 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 19 southern southern JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 20 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 21 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 22 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 23 continued continue VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 24 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 25 spread spread VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 26 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 27 more more JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 28 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 29 30 30 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 30 countries country NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 31 on on IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 32 five five CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 33 continents continent NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 34 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 35 8,098 8,098 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 36 reported report VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 37 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 38 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 39 774 774 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 40 deaths death NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 41 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 42 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 43 end end NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 44 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 45 July July NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 46 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 47 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 48 placing place VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 49 it -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 50 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 51 HIV HIV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 52 / / SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 53 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 54 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 55 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 56 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 57 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 58 severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 59 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 60 readily readily RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 61 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 62 new new JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 63 diseases disease NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 64 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 65 emerge emerge VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 66 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 67 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 68 twenty twenty CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 69 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 70 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 71 century century NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 72 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 73 WHO who WP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 74 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 75 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 9 76 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 2 high high JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 3 case case NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 4 fatality fatality NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 5 rate rate NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 6 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 7 global global JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 8 spread spread NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 9 led lead VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 10 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 11 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 12 urgent urgent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 13 response response NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 14 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 15 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 16 international international JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 17 network network NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 18 co co NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 19 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 20 ordinated ordinated JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 21 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 22 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 23 World World NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 24 Health Health NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 25 Organization Organization NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 27 WHO who WP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 29 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 30 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 31 United United NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 32 Nations Nations NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 33 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 34 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 35 resulted result VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 36 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 37 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 38 rapid rapid JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 39 identification identification NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 40 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 41 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 42 aetiological aetiological JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 43 agent agent NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 44 Fouchier Fouchier NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 45 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 46 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 47 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 48 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 49 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 50 Ksiazek Ksiazek NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 51 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 52 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 53 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 10 54 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 11 1 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 11 2 Kuiken Kuiken NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 11 3 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 11 4 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 11 5 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 12 1 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 12 2 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 12 3 Peiris Peiris NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 12 4 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 12 5 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 12 6 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 12 7 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 12 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 12 9 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 2 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 3 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 4 caused cause VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 5 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 6 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 7 newly newly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 8 emerged emerge VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 9 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 10 previously previously RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 11 unrecognised unrecognised JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 13 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 14 now now RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 15 known know VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 16 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 17 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 18 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 19 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 21 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 22 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 23 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 13 25 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 2 complete complete JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 3 genome genome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 4 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 5 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 7 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 8 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 9 has have VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 10 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 11 determined determine VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 12 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 13 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 14 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 15 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 16 classified classify VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 17 within within IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 18 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 19 order order NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 20 Nidovirales Nidovirales NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 21 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 22 family family NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 23 Coronaviridae Coronaviridae NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 24 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 25 genus genus VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 26 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 28 Marra Marra NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 29 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 30 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 31 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 32 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 33 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 34 Rota Rota NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 35 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 36 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 37 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 38 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 14 40 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 1 From from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 2 December December NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 3 16 16 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 5 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 6 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 7 January January NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 8 8 8 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 9 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 10 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 11 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 12 four four CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 14 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 15 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 16 detected detect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 17 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 18 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 19 city city NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 20 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 21 Guanghzou Guanghzou NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 22 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 23 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 24 capital capital NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 25 city city NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 26 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 27 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 28 province province NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 29 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 15 30 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 16 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 16 2 Liang Liang NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 16 3 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 16 4 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 16 5 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 17 1 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 17 2 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 17 3 Wang Wang NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 17 4 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 17 5 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 17 6 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 17 7 2006 2006 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 17 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 17 9 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 1 None none NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 2 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 3 these these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 4 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 5 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 6 fatal fatal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 7 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 8 resulted result VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 9 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 10 documented document VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 11 secondary secondary JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 12 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 13 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 14 suggesting suggest VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 15 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 16 possibility possibility NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 17 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 18 these these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 19 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 20 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 21 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 22 caused cause VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 23 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 24 less less JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 25 virulent virulent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 26 strains strain NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 27 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 28 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 29 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 30 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 31 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNPS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 32 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 33 known know VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 34 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 35 infect infect VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 36 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 37 variety variety NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 38 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 39 avian avian JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 40 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 41 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 18 42 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 2 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 3 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 4 Lai Lai NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 5 2001 2001 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 6 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 7 see see VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 9 chapter chapter NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 10 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 11 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 12 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 13 Drummond Drummond NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 14 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 15 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 16 volume volume NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 19 18 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 1 Before before IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 3 discovery discovery NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 4 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 6 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 7 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 8 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 9 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 10 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 11 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 13 229E 229e CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 14 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 15 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 17 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 18 known know VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 19 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 20 cause cause VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 21 upper upper JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 22 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 23 tract tract NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 24 infections infection NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 25 that that WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 26 varied vary VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 27 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 28 frequency frequency NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 29 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 30 severity severity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 31 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 32 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 33 disease disease NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 34 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 35 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 36 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 37 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 38 usually usually RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 39 mild mild JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 40 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 41 self self NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 42 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 20 43 limited limit VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 21 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 21 2 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 21 3 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 21 4 Lai Lai NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 21 5 2001 2001 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 21 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 21 7 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 1 Since since IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 3 discovery discovery NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 4 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 6 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 7 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 8 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 9 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 10 new new JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 11 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 12 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 13 NL63 NL63 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 15 van van NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 16 der der NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 17 Hoek Hoek NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 18 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 19 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 20 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 21 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 23 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 24 HKU1 HKU1 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 25 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 26 have have VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 27 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 28 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 29 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 30 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 31 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 32 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 33 nonfatal nonfatal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 34 infections infection NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 22 35 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 1 To to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 2 date date NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 3 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 5 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 6 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 7 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 9 only only RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 10 known know VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 12 capable capable JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 13 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 14 causing cause VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 15 lethal lethal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 16 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 17 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 18 humans human NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 23 19 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 1 Recently recently RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 3 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 4 groups group NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 5 independently independently RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 7 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 8 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 9 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 10 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 11 genus genus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 12 Rhinolophus Rhinolophus NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 13 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 14 natural natural JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 15 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 16 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 17 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 18 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 19 like like JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 20 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 21 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 22 providing provide VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 23 strong strong JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 24 evidence evidence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 25 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 26 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 27 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 28 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 29 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 30 indeed indeed RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 31 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 32 new new JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 33 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 34 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 35 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 36 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 37 wildlife wildlife NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 38 origin origin NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 24 39 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 1 Epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 2 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 3 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 4 index index NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 6 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 7 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 8 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 9 Province Province NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 10 provided provide VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 11 initial initial JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 12 evidence evidence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 13 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 14 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 15 agent agent NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 16 responsible responsible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 17 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 18 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 19 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 20 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 21 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 22 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 23 origin origin NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 25 24 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 1 Between between IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 2 November November NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 3 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 4 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 5 February February NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 6 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 7 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 9 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 10 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 11 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 12 clusters cluster NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 13 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 15 appeared appear VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 16 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 17 several several JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 18 independent independent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 19 geographic geographic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 20 locations location NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 21 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 22 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 23 Pearl Pearl NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 24 River River NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 25 Delta Delta NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 26 region region NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 27 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 28 southern southern JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 29 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 30 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 31 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 32 suggested suggest VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 33 multiple multiple JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 34 introductions introduction NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 35 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 36 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 37 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 38 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 39 similar similar JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 40 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 41 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 42 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 43 common common JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 44 source source NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 26 45 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 1 Several several JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 2 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 3 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 4 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 5 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 6 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 7 reportedly reportedly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 8 associated associate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 9 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 10 occupations occupation NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 11 that that WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 12 involved involve VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 13 contact contact NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 14 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 15 wildlife wildlife NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 16 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 17 including include VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 18 handling handling NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 19 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 20 killing kill VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 21 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 22 selling sell VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 23 wild wild JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 24 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 25 as as RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 26 well well RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 27 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 28 preparing prepare VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 29 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 30 serving serve VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 31 wildlife wildlife NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 32 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 33 meat meat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 34 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 35 restaurants restaurant NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 37 Xu Xu NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 38 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 39 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 40 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 41 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 27 43 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 3 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 4 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 5 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 6 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 7 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 8 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 10 i.e. i.e. FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 11 those those DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 12 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 13 disease disease NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 14 onset onset NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 15 prior prior RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 16 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 17 January January NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 18 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 20 compared compare VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 21 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 22 those those DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 23 identified identify VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 24 later later RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 25 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 26 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 27 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 28 found find VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 29 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 30 39 39 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 31 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 32 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 33 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 34 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 35 onset onset NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 36 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 37 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 38 food food NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 39 handlers handler NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 40 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 41 whereas whereas IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 42 only only RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 43 2%-10 2%-10 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 44 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 45 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 46 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 47 between between IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 48 February February NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 49 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 50 April April NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 51 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 52 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 53 associated associate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 54 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 55 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 56 occupation occupation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 28 57 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 1 Also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 3 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 4 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 5 onset onset NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 6 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 7 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 8 more more RBR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 9 likely likely JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 10 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 11 live live VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 12 within within IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 13 walking walk VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 14 distance distance NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 15 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 16 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 17 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 18 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 19 lateonset lateonset NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 20 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 22 Xu Xu NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 23 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 24 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 25 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 26 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 29 28 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 1 To to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 2 confirm confirm VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 3 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 4 initial initial JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 5 epidemiologic epidemiologic NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 6 association association NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 7 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 8 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 9 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 10 onset onset NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 11 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 12 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 13 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 14 handling handling NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 15 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 16 several several JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 17 groups group NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 18 conducted conduct VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 19 retrospective retrospective JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 20 serologic serologic NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 21 surveillance surveillance NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 22 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 23 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 24 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 25 populations population NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 26 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 27 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 28 Province Province NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 29 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 30 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 31 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 32 period period NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 30 33 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 31 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 31 2 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 31 3 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 31 4 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 31 5 Xu Xu NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 31 6 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 31 7 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 31 8 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 2 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 5 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 6 total total NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 7 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 8 1,454 1,454 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 9 clinically clinically RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 10 confirmed confirm VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 11 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 12 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 13 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 14 analysed analyse VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 15 covering cover VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 16 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 17 period period NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 18 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 19 November November NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 20 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 21 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 22 April April NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 23 30 30 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 24 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 25 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 32 26 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 33 1 Several several JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 33 2 observations observation NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 33 3 supported support VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 33 4 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 33 5 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 33 6 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 33 7 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 33 8 wild wild JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 33 9 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 33 10 origin origin NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 33 11 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 33 12 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 33 13 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 2 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 3 observed observe VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 5 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 6 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 7 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 8 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 9 occurred occur VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 10 independently independently RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 11 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 12 at at RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 13 least least RBS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 14 five five CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 15 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 16 well well RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 17 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 18 separated separate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 19 municipalities municipality NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 20 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 21 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 22 Province Province NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 34 23 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 2 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 3 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 4 found find VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 5 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 6 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 7 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 8 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 9 more more RBR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 10 likely likely JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 11 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 12 later later JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 13 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 14 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 15 report report VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 16 living live VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 17 near near IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 18 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 19 produce produce NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 20 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 21 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 22 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 23 not not RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 24 near near IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 25 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 26 farm farm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 27 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 28 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 29 nine nine CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 30 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 31 23 23 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 33 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 34 39 39 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 35 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 35 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 36 1 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 36 2 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 36 3 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 36 4 food food NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 36 5 handlers handler NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 36 6 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 36 7 probable probable JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 36 8 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 36 9 contact contact NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 36 10 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 1 Several several JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 2 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 4 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 5 higher high JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 6 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 7 normal normal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 8 seroprevalence seroprevalence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 9 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 11 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 12 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 13 antibodies antibody NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 14 among among IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 15 wild wild JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 16 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 17 traders trader NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 37 18 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 38 1 Guan Guan NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 38 2 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 38 3 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 38 4 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 2 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 4 found find VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 5 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 6 eight eight CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 7 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 8 20 20 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 10 40 40 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 11 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 13 wild wild JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 14 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 15 traders trader NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 16 sampled sample VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 17 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 18 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 19 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 20 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 21 Shenzhen Shenzhen NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 22 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 23 Guandong Guandong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 24 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 25 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 26 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 27 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 28 anti anti JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 29 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 30 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 31 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 32 CoV cov NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 33 antibodies antibody NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 34 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 35 comparison comparison NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 36 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 37 1 1 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 38 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 39 20 20 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 41 5 5 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 42 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 44 vegetable vegetable NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 45 traders trader NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 46 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 47 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 48 same same JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 49 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 39 50 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 40 1 Yu Yu NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 40 2 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 40 3 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 40 4 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 2 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 4 analysed analyse VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 5 serum serum NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 6 samples sample NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 7 taken take VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 8 on on IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 9 May May NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 10 4 4 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 11 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 12 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 13 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 14 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 15 traders trader NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 16 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 17 three three CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 18 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 19 live live JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 20 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 21 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 22 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 23 Guangzhou Guangzhou NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 41 24 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 1 Out out IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 2 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 3 508 508 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 4 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 5 traders trader NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 6 surveyed survey VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 7 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 8 13 13 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 9 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 10 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 11 antibodies antibody NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 12 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 14 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 15 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 16 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 17 72 72 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 18 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 19 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 20 traders trader NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 21 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 22 masked masked JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 23 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 24 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 26 Paguma Paguma NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 27 larvata larvata NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 29 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 30 seropositive seropositive JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 42 31 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 3 none none NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 4 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 5 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 6 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 7 traders trader NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 8 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 9 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 10 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 11 atypical atypical JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 12 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 13 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 14 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 15 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 16 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 17 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 18 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 19 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 20 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 21 suggesting suggest VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 22 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 23 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 24 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 25 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 26 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 27 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 28 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 29 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 30 closely closely RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 31 related relate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 32 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 33 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 34 like like JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 35 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 43 36 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 2 presence presence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 3 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 4 subclinical subclinical JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 5 infections infection NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 6 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 7 corroborated corroborate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 8 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 9 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 10 separate separate JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 11 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 12 conducted conduct VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 13 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 14 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 15 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 16 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 17 group group NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 19 Zheng Zheng NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 20 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 21 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 22 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 23 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 25 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 26 who who WP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 27 found find VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 28 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 29 17 17 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 30 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 31 938 938 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 33 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 34 1.7 1.7 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 35 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 37 adults adult NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 38 recruited recruit VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 39 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 40 2001 2001 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 41 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 42 antibodies antibody NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 43 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 44 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 45 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 46 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 47 detected detect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 48 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 49 immunofluorescence immunofluorescence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 50 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 51 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 52 neutralisation neutralisation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 53 assays assay NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 44 54 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 1 These these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 2 findings finding NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 5 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 6 small small JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 7 proportion proportion NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 8 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 9 healthy healthy JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 10 individuals individual NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 11 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 12 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 13 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 14 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 15 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 16 exposed expose VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 17 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 18 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 19 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 20 CoV cov NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 21 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 22 related relate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 23 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 24 at at IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 25 least least JJS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 26 2 2 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 27 years year NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 28 before before IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 29 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 30 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 31 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 32 reached reach VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 33 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 34 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 35 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 36 mid mid NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 37 - - NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 38 February February NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 39 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 45 40 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 2 May May NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 3 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 5 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 6 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 7 middle middle NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 8 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 9 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 11 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 12 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 13 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 14 joint joint JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 15 team team NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 16 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 17 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 18 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 19 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 20 Shenzhen Shenzhen NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 21 sampled sample VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 22 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 23 total total NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 24 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 25 25 25 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 26 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 27 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 28 seven seven CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 29 wild wild JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 30 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 31 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 32 domestic domestic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 33 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 34 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 35 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 36 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 37 live live JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 38 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 39 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 40 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 41 Shenzhen Shenzhen NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 46 42 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 2 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 3 claimed claim VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 5 these these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 6 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 7 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 8 sourced source VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 9 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 10 southern southern JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 11 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 12 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 13 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 14 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 15 they -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 16 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 17 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 18 kept keep VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 19 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 20 separate separate JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 21 storehouses storehouse NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 22 before before IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 23 delivery delivery NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 24 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 25 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 26 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 47 27 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 2 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 3 remained remain VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 4 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 5 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 6 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 7 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 8 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 9 variable variable JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 10 period period NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 11 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 12 time time NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 13 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 14 each each DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 15 stall stall NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 16 holder holder NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 17 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 18 only only RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 19 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 20 few few JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 21 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 22 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 23 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 24 given give VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 25 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 48 26 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 49 1 Animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 49 2 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 49 3 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 49 4 stalls stall NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 49 5 within within IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 49 6 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 49 7 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 49 8 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 49 9 sampled sample VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 49 10 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 1 Nasal nasal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 2 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 3 faecal faecal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 4 swabs swab NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 5 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 6 collected collect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 7 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 8 PCR PCR NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 9 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 10 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 11 isolation isolation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 12 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 13 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 14 where where WRB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 15 possible possible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 16 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 17 blood blood NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 18 samples sample NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 19 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 20 taken take VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 21 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 22 serology serology NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 50 23 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 1 Among among IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 3 six six CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 4 masked mask VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 5 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 6 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 7 sampled sample VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 8 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 9 three three CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 10 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 11 PCR PCR NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 12 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 13 positive positive JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 14 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 15 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 16 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 17 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 18 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 19 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 20 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 21 like like JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 22 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 23 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 24 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 25 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 26 four four CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 27 nasal nasal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 28 swabs swab NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 29 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 30 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 31 faecal faecal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 32 swab swab NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 51 33 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 2 addition addition NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 3 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 4 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 5 very very RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 6 closely closely RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 7 related related JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 8 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 9 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 10 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 11 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 12 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 13 faecal faecal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 14 swab swab NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 15 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 16 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 17 only only JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 18 raccoon raccoon NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 19 dog dog NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 21 Nyctereutes Nyctereutes NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 22 procyonoides procyonoides NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 24 sampled sample VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 25 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 26 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 27 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 52 28 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 1 Two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 2 Chinese chinese JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 3 ferret ferret NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 4 badgers badger NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 6 Melogale Melogale NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 7 moschata moschata NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 9 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 10 sampled sample VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 11 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 12 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 13 although although IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 14 neither neither DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 15 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 16 PCR PCR NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 17 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 18 positive positive JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 19 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 20 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 21 displayed display VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 22 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 23 neutralising neutralise VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 24 antibody antibody NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 25 titre titre NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 26 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 27 1:160 1:160 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 28 against against IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 29 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 30 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 31 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 32 Sequencing Sequencing NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 33 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 34 PCR PCR NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 35 products product NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 36 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 37 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 38 isolates isolate NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 39 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 40 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 41 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 42 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 43 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 44 raccoon raccoon NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 45 dog dog NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 46 revealed reveal VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 47 several several JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 48 important important JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 49 observations observation NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 53 50 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 1 First first RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 3 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 4 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 6 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 7 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 8 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 9 almost almost RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 10 identical identical JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 11 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 12 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 13 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 15 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 16 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 17 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 18 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 19 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 20 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 21 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 22 showing show VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 23 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 24 99.8 99.8 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 25 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 26 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 27 identity identity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 54 28 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 1 Second second RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 3 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 4 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 6 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 7 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 8 contained contain VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 9 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 10 29-nt 29-nt CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 11 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 12 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 13 located locate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 14 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 15 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 16 C C NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 17 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 18 terminal terminal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 19 region region NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 20 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 21 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 22 genome genome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 23 immediately immediately RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 24 upstream upstream RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 25 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 26 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 27 N n CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 28 gene gene NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 29 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 30 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 31 29-nt 29-nt CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 32 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 33 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 34 absent absent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 35 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 36 most most JJS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 37 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 38 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 39 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 40 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 41 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 42 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 43 isolates isolate NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 55 44 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 1 Later later RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 3 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 4 discovered discover VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 5 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 6 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 7 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 8 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 9 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 10 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 11 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 12 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 13 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 14 phase phase NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 15 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 16 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 17 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 18 contained contain VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 19 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 20 29-nt 29-nt CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 21 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 22 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 23 suggesting suggest VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 24 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 25 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 26 deletion deletion NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 27 event event NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 28 occurred occur VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 29 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 30 adaptation adaptation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 31 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 32 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 33 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 34 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 35 derived derive VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 36 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 37 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 38 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 39 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 40 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 41 new new JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 42 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 43 host host NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 45 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 46 Chinese chinese JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 47 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 48 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 49 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 50 Consortium Consortium NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 51 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 56 53 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 1 These these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 2 data datum NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 3 indicated indicate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 5 at at RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 6 least least RBS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 7 three three CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 8 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 9 wildlife wildlife NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 10 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 11 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 12 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 13 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 14 Shenzhen Shenzhen NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 15 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 16 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 17 infected infect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 18 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 19 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 20 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 21 that that WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 22 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 23 closely closely RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 24 related relate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 25 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 26 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 27 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 57 28 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 1 This this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 2 important important JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 3 discovery discovery NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 4 provided provide VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 5 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 6 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 7 direct direct JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 8 evidence evidence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 9 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 11 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 12 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 13 existed exist VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 14 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 15 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 16 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 17 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 18 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 19 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 20 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 21 responsible responsible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 22 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 23 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 24 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 25 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 26 most most RBS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 27 likely likely RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 28 originated originate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 29 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 30 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 58 31 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 1 Determining determine VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 3 route route NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 4 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 5 direction direction NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 6 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 7 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 8 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 9 important important JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 10 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 11 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 12 understanding understanding NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 13 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 14 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 15 disease disease NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 16 emergence emergence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 17 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 18 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 19 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 20 control control NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 21 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 22 future future JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 23 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 59 24 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 1 For for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 2 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 3 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 4 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 5 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 6 there there EX cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 7 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 8 evidence evidence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 9 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 10 suggest suggest VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 11 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 12 four four CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 13 possible possible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 14 routes route NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 15 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 16 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 17 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 18 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 19 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 20 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 21 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 22 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 23 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 24 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 25 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 26 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 27 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 28 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 29 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 30 human human NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 31 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 32 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 33 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 34 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 35 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 36 human human NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 37 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 38 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 39 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 40 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 41 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 42 occurred occur VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 43 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 44 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 45 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 46 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 47 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 48 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 49 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 50 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 51 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 52 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 53 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 54 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 55 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 56 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 60 57 _SP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 1 When when WRB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 2 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 3 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 4 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 5 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 6 identified identify VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 7 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 9 causative causative JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 10 agent agent NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 11 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 12 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 14 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 15 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 16 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 17 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 18 question question NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 19 asked ask VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 20 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 21 whether whether IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 22 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 23 new new JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 24 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 25 arose arise VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 26 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 27 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 28 pre pre JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 29 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 30 existing existing JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 31 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 32 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 33 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 34 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 35 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 36 process process NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 37 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 38 enhanced enhance VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 39 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 40 virulence virulence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 41 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 42 whether whether IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 43 it -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 44 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 45 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 46 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 47 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 48 newly newly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 49 introduced introduce VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 50 into into IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 51 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 52 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 53 population population NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 61 54 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 1 Retrospective retrospective JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 2 serologic serologic NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 3 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 4 indicated indicate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 5 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 6 there there EX cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 7 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 8 no no DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 9 antibodies antibody NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 10 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 11 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 12 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 13 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 14 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 15 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 16 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 17 population population NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 18 prior prior RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 19 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 20 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 21 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 22 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 23 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 24 suggesting suggest VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 25 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 26 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 27 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 28 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 29 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 30 not not RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 31 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 32 existing exist VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 33 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 34 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 62 35 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 1 Epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 2 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 3 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 4 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 5 discussed discuss VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 6 above above RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 7 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 8 revealed reveal VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 9 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 10 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 11 handlers handler NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 12 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 13 people people NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 14 working work VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 15 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 16 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 17 food food NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 18 industry industry NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 19 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 20 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 21 higher high JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 22 representation representation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 23 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 24 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 25 groups group NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 26 among among IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 27 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 28 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 29 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 63 30 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 2 epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 3 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 4 confirmed confirm VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 5 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 6 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 7 earliest early JJS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 8 genotypes genotype NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 9 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 10 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 11 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 12 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 13 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 14 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 15 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 16 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 17 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 18 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 19 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 20 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 21 most most RBS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 22 closely closely RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 23 related related JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 24 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 25 those those DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 26 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 27 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 28 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 29 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 30 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 31 isolates isolate NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 32 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 33 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 34 Chinese chinese JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 35 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 36 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 37 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 38 Consortium Consortium NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 39 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 64 41 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 1 During during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 3 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 4 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 5 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 6 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 7 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 8 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 9 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 10 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 11 total total NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 12 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 13 four four CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 14 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 15 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 16 independently independently RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 17 infected infect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 18 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 19 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 20 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 21 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 22 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 24 Liang Liang NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 25 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 26 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 27 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 28 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 65 30 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 1 There there EX cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 2 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 3 no no DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 4 direct direct JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 5 link link NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 6 between between IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 7 any any DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 8 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 9 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 10 four four CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 11 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 12 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 13 none none NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 14 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 15 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 16 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 17 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 18 direct direct JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 19 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 20 indirect indirect JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 21 contact contact NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 22 history history NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 23 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 24 previously previously RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 25 documented document VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 26 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 27 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 28 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 29 all all DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 30 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 31 them -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 32 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 33 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 34 history history NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 35 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 36 contact contact NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 37 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 38 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 66 39 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 3 genome genome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 4 sequences sequence NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 5 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 7 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 8 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 9 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 10 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 11 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 12 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 13 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 14 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 15 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 16 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 17 almost almost RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 18 identical identical JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 19 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 20 those those DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 21 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 22 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 23 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 24 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 25 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 26 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 27 at at IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 28 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 29 same same JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 30 time time NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 31 period period NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 32 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 33 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 34 more more RBR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 35 divergent divergent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 36 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 37 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 38 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 39 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 40 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 41 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 42 obtained obtain VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 43 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 44 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 45 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 46 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 47 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 48 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 67 49 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 1 Taken take VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 2 together together RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 3 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 4 these these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 5 results result NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 7 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 8 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 9 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 10 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 11 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 12 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 13 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 14 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 15 responsible responsible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 16 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 17 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 18 introduction introduction NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 19 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 20 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 21 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 22 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 23 into into IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 24 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 25 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 26 population population NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 68 27 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 69 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 69 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 69 3 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 69 4 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 69 5 conducted conduct VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 69 6 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 69 7 Guan Guan NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 69 8 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 69 9 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 69 10 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 2 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 6 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 7 shown show VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 8 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 9 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 10 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 11 isolation isolation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 12 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 13 RT RT NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 14 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 15 PCR PCR NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 16 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 17 serum serum NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 18 neutralisation neutralisation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 19 assay assay NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 20 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 21 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 22 all all DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 23 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 24 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 25 six six CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 26 masked mask VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 27 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 28 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 29 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 30 exposed expose VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 31 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 70 32 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 71 1 -CoV. -cov. ADD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 1 Considering consider VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 2 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 3 these these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 4 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 5 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 6 sampled sample VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 7 at at IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 9 same same JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 10 time time NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 11 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 12 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 13 same same JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 14 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 15 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 16 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 17 originated originate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 18 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 19 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 20 regions region NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 21 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 22 southern southern JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 23 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 24 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 26 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 27 most most RBS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 28 likely likely JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 29 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 30 some some DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 31 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 32 if if IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 33 not not RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 34 all all DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 35 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 36 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 37 them -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 38 got get VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 39 infected infect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 40 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 41 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 42 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 43 through through IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 44 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 45 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 46 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 47 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 48 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 49 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 72 50 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 3 same same JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 4 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 5 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 7 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 8 shown show VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 9 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 10 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 11 raccoon raccoon NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 12 dog dog NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 13 isolate isolate VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 15 SZ13 SZ13 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 17 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 18 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 19 S s NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 20 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 21 gene gene NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 22 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 23 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 24 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 25 identical identical JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 26 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 27 that that DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 28 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 29 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 30 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 31 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 32 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 33 isolates isolate NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 35 SZ16 SZ16 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 37 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 38 differed differ VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 39 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 40 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 41 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 42 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 43 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 44 isolates isolate NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 46 SZ1 SZ1 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 47 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 48 SZ3 SZ3 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 50 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 51 displayed display VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 52 S s NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 53 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 54 gene gene NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 55 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 56 variation variation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 73 57 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 1 This this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 2 observation observation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 3 strongly strongly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 4 indicated indicate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 5 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 6 occurrence occurrence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 7 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 8 inter inter JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 9 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 10 species species JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 11 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 12 among among IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 13 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 14 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 15 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 16 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 17 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 74 18 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 75 1 Animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 75 2 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 75 3 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 75 4 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 75 5 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 75 6 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 75 7 has have VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 75 8 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 75 9 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 75 10 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 75 11 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 75 12 experimental experimental JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 75 13 situations situation NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 75 14 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 76 1 Martina Martina NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 76 2 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 76 3 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 76 4 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 2 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 4 showed show VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 5 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 6 ferrets ferret NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 8 Mustela Mustela NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 9 furo furo NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 11 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 12 domestic domestic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 13 cats cat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 15 Felis Felis NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 16 domesticus domesticus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 18 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 19 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 20 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 21 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 22 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 23 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 24 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 25 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 26 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 27 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 28 they -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 29 can can MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 30 efficiently efficiently RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 31 transmit transmit VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 32 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 33 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 34 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 35 previously previously RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 36 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 37 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 38 that that WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 39 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 40 housed house VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 41 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 42 them -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 77 43 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 1 Numerous numerous JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 2 epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 3 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 4 documented document VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 5 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 6 rapid rapid JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 7 human human NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 8 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 9 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 10 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 11 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 12 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 13 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 15 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 16 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 17 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 18 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 19 spread spread VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 20 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 21 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 22 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 23 more more JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 24 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 25 30 30 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 26 countries country NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 27 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 28 less less JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 29 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 30 5 5 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 31 months month NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 33 WHO who WP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 34 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 78 36 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 1 One one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 2 important important JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 3 example example NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 4 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 5 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 6 spread spread NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 7 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 8 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 9 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 10 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 11 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 12 mainland mainland NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 13 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 14 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 15 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 16 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 17 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 18 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 19 Chinese chinese JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 20 doctor doctor NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 21 attending attend VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 22 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 23 conference conference NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 24 there there RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 79 25 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 1 Through through IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 3 individuals individual NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 4 he -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 5 infected infect VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 6 at at IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 7 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 8 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 9 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 10 hotel hotel NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 11 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 12 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 13 single single JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 14 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 15 source source NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 16 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 17 mainly mainly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 18 responsible responsible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 19 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 20 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 21 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 22 spread spread NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 23 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 24 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 25 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 26 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 27 rest rest NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 28 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 29 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 30 world world NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 31 Zhong Zhong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 32 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 33 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 34 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 35 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 80 37 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 2 major major JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 3 routes route NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 4 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 6 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 7 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 8 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 9 believed believe VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 10 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 11 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 12 droplets droplet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 13 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 14 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 15 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 16 fomites fomite NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 18 Peiris Peiris NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 19 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 20 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 21 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 22 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 81 24 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 2 general general JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 3 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 4 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 5 average average JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 6 number number NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 7 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 8 secondary secondary JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 9 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 10 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 11 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 12 generated generate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 13 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 14 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 15 infected infect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 16 individual individual NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 18 R r NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 19 0 0 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 21 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 22 low low JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 24 see see VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 25 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 26 chapter chapter NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 27 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 28 Real Real NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 29 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 30 Biek Biek NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 31 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 32 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 33 volume volume NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 35 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 36 approximately approximately RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 37 2.2 2.2 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 38 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 39 3.7 3.7 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 41 Anderson Anderson NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 42 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 43 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 44 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 45 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 47 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 48 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 49 figure figure NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 50 much much RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 51 lower low JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 52 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 53 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 54 R r NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 55 0 0 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 56 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 57 influenza influenza NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 58 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 59 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 60 ranges range VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 61 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 62 5 5 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 63 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 64 25 25 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 82 65 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 1 However however RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 3 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 4 countries country NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 5 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 6 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 7 moderate moderate JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 8 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 9 large large JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 10 number number NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 11 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 12 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 13 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 14 superspreading superspreade VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 15 events event NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 17 SSEs SSEs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 19 played play VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 20 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 21 pivotal pivotal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 22 role role NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 23 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 24 large large JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 25 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 26 scale scale NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 27 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 28 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 29 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 30 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 83 31 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 2 such such JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 3 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 5 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 6 few few JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 7 infected infected JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 8 individuals individual NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 9 caused cause VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 10 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 11 much much RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 12 higher high JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 13 number number NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 14 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 15 secondary secondary JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 16 infections infection NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 84 17 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 2 addition addition NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 3 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 4 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 5 SSE SSE NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 6 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 7 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 8 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 9 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 10 hotel hotel NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 11 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 12 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 13 SSEs sse NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 14 occurred occur VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 15 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 16 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 17 hospital hospital NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 18 setting set VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 19 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 20 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 21 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 22 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 23 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 24 air air NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 25 flight flight NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 26 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 27 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 28 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 29 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 30 Beijing Beijing NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 31 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 32 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 33 healthcare healthcare NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 34 settings setting NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 35 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 36 Beijing Beijing NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 37 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 38 Singapore Singapore NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 39 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 85 40 Toronto Toronto NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 86 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 86 2 Anderson Anderson NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 86 3 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 86 4 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 86 5 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 86 6 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 86 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 86 8 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 3 SSE SSE NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 4 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 5 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 6 Beijing Beijing NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 7 hospital hospital NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 8 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 9 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 10 patient patient NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 11 infected infect VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 12 33 33 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 13 out out IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 14 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 15 74 74 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 16 persons person NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 17 that that WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 18 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 19 close close JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 20 contact contact NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 21 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 22 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 23 patient patient NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 87 24 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 1 These these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 2 secondary secondary JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 3 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 4 resulted result VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 5 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 6 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 7 further further JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 8 43 43 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 9 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 10 before before IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 11 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 12 chain chain NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 13 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 14 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 15 subsided subside VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 17 Shen Shen NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 18 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 19 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 20 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 21 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 88 23 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 2 exact exact JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 3 cause cause NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 4 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 5 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 6 rapid rapid JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 7 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 8 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 9 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 10 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 11 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 12 among among IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 13 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 14 more more JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 15 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 16 100 100 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 17 residents resident NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 18 at at IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 19 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 20 Amoy Amoy NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 21 Gardens Gardens NNPS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 22 apartment apartment NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 23 block block NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 24 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 25 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 26 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 27 remains remain VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 28 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 29 mystery mystery NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 89 30 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 1 Although although IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 2 there there EX cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 3 have have VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 4 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 5 reports report NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 6 suggesting suggest VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 7 environmental environmental JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 8 spread spread NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 9 through through IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 10 U U NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 11 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 12 traps trap NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 13 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 14 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 15 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 16 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 17 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 18 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 19 bathrooms bathroom NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 20 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 21 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 22 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 23 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 24 indicated indicate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 25 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 26 possible possible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 27 role role NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 28 played play VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 29 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 30 domestic domestic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 31 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 32 such such JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 33 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 34 rats rat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 35 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 36 cats cat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 38 Lu Lu NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 39 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 40 Qu Qu NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 41 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 42 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 43 Martina Martina NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 44 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 45 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 46 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 47 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 48 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 49 Ng Ng NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 50 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 90 52 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 1 Domestic domestic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 2 cats cat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 3 living live VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 4 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 5 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 6 apartment apartment NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 7 complex complex NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 8 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 9 found find VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 10 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 11 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 12 infected infect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 13 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 15 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 16 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 18 Martina Martina NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 19 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 20 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 21 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 22 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 24 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 25 suggesting suggest VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 26 possible possible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 27 human human NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 28 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 29 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 30 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 31 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 32 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 91 33 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 1 This this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 2 notion notion NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 3 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 4 supported support VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 5 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 6 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 7 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 8 experimental experimental JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 9 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 10 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 11 domestic domestic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 12 cats cat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 13 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 14 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 15 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 16 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 17 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 18 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 19 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 20 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 21 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 22 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 23 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 24 patient patient NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 26 Martina Martina NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 27 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 28 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 29 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 30 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 92 32 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 1 Experimentally experimentally RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 2 infected infected JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 3 cats cat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 4 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 5 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 6 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 7 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 8 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 9 able able JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 10 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 11 infect infect VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 12 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 13 co co NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 14 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 15 housed house VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 16 cats cat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 93 17 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 2 another another DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 3 potential potential JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 4 example example NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 5 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 6 human human NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 7 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 8 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 9 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 10 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 11 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 12 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 14 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 15 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 16 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 17 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 18 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 19 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 20 pig pig NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 21 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 22 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 23 surveillance surveillance NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 24 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 25 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 26 farming farm VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 27 villages village NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 28 outside outside RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 29 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 30 Tianjin Tianjin NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 31 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 32 where where WRB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 33 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 34 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 35 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 36 occurred occur VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 37 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 38 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 39 spring spring NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 40 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 41 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 94 42 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 2 genome genome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 3 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 4 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 5 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 6 pig pig NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 7 isolate isolate VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 9 designated designate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 10 TJF TJF NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 12 revealed reveal VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 14 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 15 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 16 closely closely RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 17 related relate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 18 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 19 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 20 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 21 isolate isolate NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 22 BJ01obtained bj01obtaine VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 23 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 24 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 25 patient patient NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 26 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 27 Beijing Beijing NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 28 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 29 120 120 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 30 km km NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 31 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 32 Tianjin Tianjin NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 33 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 34 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 35 only only RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 36 distantly distantly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 37 related relate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 38 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 39 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 40 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 41 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 42 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 43 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 44 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 95 45 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 1 More more RBR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 2 importantly importantly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 3 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 4 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 5 TJF TJF NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 6 genome genome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 7 contained contain VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 9 29-nt 29-nt CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 10 deletion deletion NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 11 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 12 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 13 genetic genetic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 14 feature feature NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 15 characterising characterise VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 16 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 17 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 18 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 19 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 20 circulated circulate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 21 among among IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 22 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 23 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 24 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 25 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 26 later later JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 27 phases phase NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 28 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 29 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 30 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 31 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 32 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 33 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 34 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 35 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 36 never never RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 37 observed observe VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 38 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 39 any any DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 40 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 41 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 42 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 43 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 44 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 45 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 46 isolates isolate NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 96 47 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 2 authors author NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 3 concluded conclude VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 5 direct direct JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 6 human human NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 7 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 8 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 9 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 10 pig pig NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 11 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 12 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 13 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 14 most most RBS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 15 likely likely JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 16 explanation explanation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 17 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 18 these these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 19 results result NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 97 20 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 1 During during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 2 investigations investigation NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 3 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 4 new new JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 5 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 6 diseases disease NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 7 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 9 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 10 important important JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 11 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 12 differentiate differentiate VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 13 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 14 roles role NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 15 that that WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 16 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 17 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 18 may may MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 19 play play VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 20 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 21 distinct distinct JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 22 stages stage NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 23 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 24 disease disease NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 25 emergence emergence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 27 see see VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 28 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 29 chapters chapter NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 30 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 31 Childs Childs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 32 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 33 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 98 34 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 99 1 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 99 2 Childs Childs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 99 3 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 99 4 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 99 5 volume volume NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 99 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 99 7 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 2 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 3 especially especially RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 4 important important JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 5 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 6 distinguish distinguish VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 7 between between IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 9 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 10 host host NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 11 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 12 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 13 may may MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 14 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 15 may may MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 16 not not RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 17 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 18 responsible responsible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 19 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 20 direct direct JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 21 pathogen pathogen NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 22 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 23 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 24 humans human NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 25 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 26 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 27 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 28 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 29 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 30 amplifying amplify VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 31 host host NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 32 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 33 introduced introduce VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 34 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 35 pathogen pathogen NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 36 into into IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 37 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 38 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 39 population population NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 100 40 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 1 Due due IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 2 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 3 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 4 sudden sudden JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 5 emergence emergence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 6 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 7 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 8 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 10 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 11 extremely extremely RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 12 difficult difficult JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 13 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 14 obtain obtain VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 15 reliable reliable JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 16 epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 17 data datum NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 18 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 19 pinpoint pinpoint VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 20 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 21 source source NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 22 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 23 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 24 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 101 25 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 2 vast vast JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 3 number number NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 4 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 5 live live JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 6 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 7 being be VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 8 traded trade VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 9 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 10 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 11 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 12 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 13 southern southern JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 14 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 15 further further RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 16 complicated complicate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 17 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 18 investigation investigation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 19 process process NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 102 20 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 1 Experimental experimental JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 2 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 3 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 4 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 5 therefore therefore RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 6 became become VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 7 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 8 important important JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 9 component component NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 10 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 11 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 12 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 13 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 14 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 15 investigation investigation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 103 16 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 2 provided provide VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 3 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 4 proof proof NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 5 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 7 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 8 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 9 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 10 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 11 causative causative JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 12 agent agent NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 13 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 15 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 16 helped help VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 17 define define VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 18 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 19 range range NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 20 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 21 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 22 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 23 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 24 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 25 new new JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 26 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 27 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 28 elucidated elucidate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 29 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 30 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 31 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 32 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 33 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 34 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 35 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 36 established establish VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 37 useful useful JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 38 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 39 model(s model(s CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 41 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 42 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 43 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 44 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 45 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 46 testing testing NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 47 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 48 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 49 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 50 antivirals antiviral NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 104 51 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 105 1 Since since IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 105 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 105 3 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 105 4 experimental experimental JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 105 5 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 105 6 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 105 7 cynomolgus cynomolgus JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 105 8 macaques macaque NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 105 9 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 105 10 Fouchier Fouchier NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 105 11 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 105 12 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 105 13 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 2 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 5 rhesus rhesus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 6 macaques macaque NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 7 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 8 African african JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 9 green green JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 10 monkeys monkey NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 11 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 12 cats cat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 13 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 14 ferrets ferret NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 15 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 16 mice mouse NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 17 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 18 pigs pig NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 19 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 20 hamsters hamster NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 21 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 22 guinea guinea NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 23 pigs pig NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 24 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 25 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 26 have have VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 27 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 28 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 29 shown show VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 30 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 31 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 32 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 33 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 34 experimental experimental JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 35 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 36 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 37 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 38 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 39 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 40 Martina Martina NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 41 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 42 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 106 43 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 107 1 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 107 2 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 107 3 Roberts Roberts NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 107 4 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 107 5 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 107 6 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 108 1 2005 2005 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 108 2 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 108 3 Subbarao Subbarao NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 108 4 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 108 5 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 108 6 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 109 1 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 109 2 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 109 3 Weingartl Weingartl NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 109 4 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 109 5 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 109 6 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 110 1 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 110 2 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 110 3 Wentworth Wentworth NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 110 4 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 110 5 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 110 6 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 111 1 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 111 2 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 111 3 Wu Wu NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 111 4 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 111 5 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 111 6 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 111 7 2005 2005 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 111 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 111 9 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 1 Together together RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 2 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 3 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 4 three three CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 5 naturally naturally RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 6 infected infect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 7 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 8 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 9 identified identify VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 10 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 11 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 12 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 13 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 14 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 15 more more JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 16 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 17 ten ten CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 18 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 19 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 20 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 21 have have VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 22 so so RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 23 far far RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 24 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 25 shown show VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 26 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 27 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 28 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 112 29 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 113 1 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 113 2 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 113 3 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 2 can can MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 3 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 4 expected expect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 5 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 6 many many JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 7 more more RBR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 8 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 9 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 10 will will MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 11 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 12 identified identify VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 13 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 14 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 15 future future NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 114 16 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 1 Rats rat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 2 have have VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 3 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 4 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 5 identified identify VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 6 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 7 another another DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 8 potentially potentially RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 9 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 10 host host NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 11 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 12 may may MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 13 have have VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 14 played play VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 15 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 16 role role NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 17 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 18 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 19 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 20 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 21 spread spread NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 22 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 23 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 24 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 25 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 26 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 27 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 28 wellpublicised wellpublicised JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 29 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 30 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 31 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 32 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 33 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 34 Amoy Amoy NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 35 Gardens Gardens NNPS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 36 apartment apartment NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 37 block block NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 38 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 39 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 40 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 42 Ng Ng NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 43 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 115 45 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 1 Also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 3 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 4 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 5 confirmed confirm VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 7 case case NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 8 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 9 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 10 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 11 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 12 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 13 reported report VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 14 not not RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 15 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 16 have have VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 17 had have VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 18 any any DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 19 contact contact NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 20 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 21 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 22 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 23 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 24 exception exception NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 25 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 26 rats rat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 28 Liang Liang NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 29 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 30 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 31 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 32 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 116 34 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 3 inoculation inoculation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 4 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 5 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 7 have have VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 8 obtained obtain VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 9 serologic serologic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 10 evidence evidence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 11 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 12 indicate indicate VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 13 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 15 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 16 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 17 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 18 able able JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 19 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 20 replicate replicate VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 21 asymptomatically asymptomatically RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 22 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 23 rats rat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 25 B.T. B.T. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 26 Eaton Eaton NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 27 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 117 28 L.-F. L.-F. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 118 1 Wang Wang NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 118 2 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 118 3 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 118 4 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 118 5 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 118 6 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 118 7 results result NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 118 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 118 9 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 2 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 3 clear clear JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 5 further further JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 6 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 7 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 8 required require VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 9 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 10 clarify clarify VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 11 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 12 role role NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 13 played play VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 14 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 15 rats rat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 16 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 17 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 18 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 19 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 20 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 21 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 119 22 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 2 contrast contrast NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 3 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 4 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 5 independent independent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 6 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 7 conducted conduct VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 8 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 9 Canada Canada NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 11 Weingartl Weingartl NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 12 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 13 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 14 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 15 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 17 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 18 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 19 USA USA NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 21 Swayne Swayne NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 22 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 23 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 24 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 25 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 27 indicated indicate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 28 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 29 none none NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 30 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 31 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 32 avian avian JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 33 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 34 tested test VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 35 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 36 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 37 included include VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 38 chicken chicken NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 39 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 40 turkey turkey NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 41 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 42 goose goose NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 43 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 44 duck duck NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 45 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 46 quail quail NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 47 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 48 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 49 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 50 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 51 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 52 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 53 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 54 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 55 under under IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 56 laboratory laboratory NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 57 conditions condition NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 120 58 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 1 These these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 2 findings finding NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 5 domestic domestic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 6 poultry poultry NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 7 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 8 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 9 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 10 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 11 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 12 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 13 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 14 associated associate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 15 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 16 dissemination dissemination NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 17 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 18 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 19 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 20 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 21 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 22 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 23 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 24 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 25 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 26 southern southern JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 27 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 121 28 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 122 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 122 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 122 3 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 122 4 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 122 5 Guan Guan NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 122 6 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 122 7 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 122 8 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 2 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 6 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 7 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 8 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 9 like like JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 10 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 11 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 12 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 13 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 14 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 15 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 16 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 17 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 18 raccoon raccoon NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 19 dog dog NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 20 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 21 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 22 live live JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 23 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 24 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 25 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 26 southern southern JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 27 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 28 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 29 serologic serologic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 30 evidence evidence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 31 indicted indict VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 32 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 33 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 34 third third JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 35 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 36 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 37 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 38 Chinese chinese JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 39 ferret ferret NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 40 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 41 badger badger NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 42 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 43 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 44 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 45 infected infect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 46 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 47 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 48 similar similar JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 49 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 123 50 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 2 spite spite NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 3 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 4 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 5 diversity diversity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 6 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 7 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 8 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 9 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 11 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 12 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 13 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 14 like like JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 15 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 16 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 17 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 18 attention attention NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 19 focussed focusse VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 20 on on IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 21 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 22 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 23 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 24 probably probably RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 25 because because IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 26 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 27 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 28 larger large JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 29 number number NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 30 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 31 these these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 32 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 33 being be VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 34 traded trade VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 35 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 36 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 37 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 124 38 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 1 However however RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 3 despite despite IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 4 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 5 initial initial JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 6 speculation speculation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 7 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 8 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 9 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 10 might may MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 11 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 12 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 13 source source NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 14 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 15 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 16 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 17 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 18 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 19 several several JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 20 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 21 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 22 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 23 there there EX cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 24 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 25 no no DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 26 widespread widespread JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 27 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 28 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 29 wild wild JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 30 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 31 farmed farm VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 32 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 33 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 34 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 35 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 36 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 37 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 38 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 39 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 40 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 41 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 42 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 43 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 44 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 45 more more RBR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 46 likely likely RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 47 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 48 reflection reflection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 49 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 50 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 51 " " `` cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 52 artificial artificial JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 53 " " '' cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 54 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 55 cycle cycle NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 56 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 57 naïve naïve JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 58 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 59 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 60 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 61 indication indication NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 62 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 63 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 64 natural natural JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 65 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 66 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 125 67 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 126 1 -CoV. -cov. ADD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 127 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 127 2 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 127 3 clue clue NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 127 4 came come VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 127 5 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 127 6 serological serological JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 127 7 surveillance surveillance NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 127 8 conducted conduct VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 127 9 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 127 10 Tu Tu NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 127 11 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 127 12 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 127 13 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 128 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 128 2 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 128 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 128 4 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 2 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 3 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 5 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 6 total total NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 7 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 8 103 103 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 9 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 10 serum serum NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 11 samples sample NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 12 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 13 taken take VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 14 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 15 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 16 number number NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 17 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 18 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 19 farms farm NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 20 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 21 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 22 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 23 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 24 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 25 regions region NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 26 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 27 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 129 28 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 1 No no DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 2 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 3 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 4 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 5 antibody antibody NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 6 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 7 detected detect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 8 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 9 any any DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 10 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 11 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 12 47 47 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 13 sera sera NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 14 taken take VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 15 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 16 June June NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 17 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 18 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 19 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 20 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 21 farms farm NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 22 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 23 Hunan Hunan NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 24 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 25 Henan Henan NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 26 Provinces Provinces NNPS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 130 27 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 2 same same JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 3 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 4 true true JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 5 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 6 28 28 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 7 serum serum NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 8 samples sample NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 9 obtained obtain VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 10 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 11 January January NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 12 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 13 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 14 three three CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 15 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 16 farms farm NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 17 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 18 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 19 Province Province NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 131 20 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 2 contrast contrast NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 3 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 4 out out IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 5 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 6 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 7 18 18 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 8 serum serum NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 9 samples sample NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 10 taken take VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 11 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 12 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 13 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 14 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 15 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 16 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 17 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 18 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 19 same same JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 20 period period NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 21 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 22 January January NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 23 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 24 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 25 14 14 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 27 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 28 79 79 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 29 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 31 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 32 significant significant JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 33 level level NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 34 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 35 neutralising neutralise VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 36 antibodies antibody NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 37 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 38 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 39 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 40 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 41 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 42 indicating indicate VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 43 widespread widespread JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 44 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 45 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 46 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 47 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 48 that that WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 49 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 50 closely closely RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 51 related relate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 52 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 53 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 54 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 55 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 56 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 57 analysis analysis NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 58 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 59 used use VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 60 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 61 investigate investigate VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 62 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 63 distribution distribution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 64 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 65 evolution evolution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 66 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 67 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 68 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 69 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 70 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 71 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 72 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 73 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 74 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 75 compare compare VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 76 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 77 prevalence prevalence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 78 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 79 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 80 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 81 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 82 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 83 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 84 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 85 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 86 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 87 on on IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 88 farms farm NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 132 89 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 1 Following follow VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 3 detection detection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 4 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 6 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 7 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 8 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 9 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 10 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 11 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 12 at at IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 13 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 14 end end NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 15 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 16 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 17 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 18 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 19 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 20 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 21 culled cull VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 22 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 23 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 24 Province Province NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 25 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 26 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 27 attempt attempt NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 28 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 29 prevent prevent VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 30 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 31 potential potential JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 32 reemergence reemergence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 33 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 34 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 133 35 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 134 1 This this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 134 2 provided provide VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 134 3 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 134 4 unique unique JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 134 5 opportunity opportunity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 134 6 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 134 7 Kan Kan NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 134 8 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 134 9 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 134 10 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 135 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 135 2 2005 2005 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 135 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 136 1 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 136 2 sample sample VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 136 3 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 136 4 relatively relatively RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 136 5 large large JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 136 6 number number NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 136 7 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 136 8 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 136 9 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 136 10 molecular molecular JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 136 11 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 136 12 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 136 13 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 1 A a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 2 total total NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 3 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 4 91 91 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 5 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 6 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 7 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 8 15 15 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 9 raccoon raccoon NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 10 dogs dog NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 11 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 12 sampled sample VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 13 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 14 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 15 Xinyuan Xinyuan NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 16 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 17 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 18 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 19 Guangzhou Guangzhou NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 20 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 21 January January NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 22 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 137 23 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 2 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 3 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 4 selected select VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 5 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 6 18 18 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 7 vendors vendor NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 8 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 9 booths booth NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 10 located locate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 11 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 12 four four CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 13 blocks block NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 14 dedicated dedicate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 15 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 16 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 17 sale sale NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 18 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 19 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 20 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 21 raccoon raccoon NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 22 dogs dog NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 138 23 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 1 PCR PCR NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 2 analysis analysis NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 3 indicated indicate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 5 all all DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 6 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 7 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 8 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 9 sampled sample VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 10 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 11 positive positive JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 12 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 13 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 14 most most JJS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 15 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 16 yielded yield VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 17 positive positive JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 18 rectal rectal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 19 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 20 throat throat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 21 swabs swab NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 139 22 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 3 same same JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 4 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 5 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 6 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 7 total total NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 8 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 9 1,107 1,107 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 10 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 11 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 12 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 13 sampled sample VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 14 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 15 25 25 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 16 farms farm NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 17 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 18 12 12 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 19 provinces province NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 20 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 21 January January NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 22 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 23 September September NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 24 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 25 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 26 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 27 none none NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 28 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 29 them -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 30 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 31 positive positive JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 32 when when WRB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 33 analysed analyse VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 34 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 35 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 36 same same JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 37 PCR PCR NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 38 tests test NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 140 39 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 1 These these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 2 farms farm NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 3 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 4 selected select VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 5 on on IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 6 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 7 basis basis NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 8 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 10 used use VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 11 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 12 sell sell VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 13 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 14 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 15 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 16 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 17 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 18 booths booth NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 19 at at IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 20 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 21 Xingyuan Xingyuan NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 22 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 23 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 24 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 25 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 26 they -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 27 claimed claim VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 28 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 29 have have VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 30 previously previously RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 31 provided provide VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 32 more more JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 33 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 34 80 80 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 35 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 36 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 37 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 38 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 39 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 40 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 41 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 42 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 43 province province NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 141 44 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 2 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 3 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 4 surveillance surveillance NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 5 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 6 conducted conduct VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 7 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 8 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 9 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 10 between between IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 11 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 12 summer summer NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 13 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 14 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 15 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 16 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 17 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 18 Poon Poon NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 19 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 20 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 142 21 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 2 2005 2005 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 4 sampled sample VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 5 21 21 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 6 wild wild JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 7 trapped trap VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 8 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 9 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 10 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 11 addition addition NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 12 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 13 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 14 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 15 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 16 avian avian JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 17 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 18 reptile reptile NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 19 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 143 20 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 1 Serological serological JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 2 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 3 PCR PCR NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 4 analyses analysis NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 5 indicated indicate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 6 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 7 none none NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 8 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 9 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 10 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 11 surveyed survey VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 12 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 13 positive positive JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 14 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 15 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 16 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 144 17 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 3 when when WRB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 4 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 5 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 6 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 7 experimentally experimentally RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 8 infected infect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 9 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 10 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 11 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 12 strains strain NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 13 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 14 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 15 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 16 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 17 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 18 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 19 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 20 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 21 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 22 29-nt 29-nt CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 23 deletion deletion NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 24 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 25 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 145 26 Beijing Beijing NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 2 Qin Qin NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 3 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 4 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 5 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 6 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 8 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 9 another another DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 10 containing contain VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 11 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 12 29-nt 29-nt CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 13 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 14 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 15 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 16 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 17 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 18 phase phase NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 19 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 20 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 21 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 22 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 23 Guangzhou Guangzhou NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 25 GZ01 GZ01 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 27 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 28 all all DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 29 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 30 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 31 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 32 developed develop VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 33 clinical clinical JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 34 symptoms symptom NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 35 including include VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 36 fever fever NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 37 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 38 lethargy lethargy NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 39 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 40 loss loss NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 41 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 42 aggressiveness aggressiveness NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 146 43 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 1 These these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 2 results result NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 3 indicated indicate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 5 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 6 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 7 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 8 equally equally RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 9 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 10 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 11 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 12 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 14 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 15 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 16 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 17 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 18 without without IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 19 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 20 29-nt 29-nt CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 21 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 147 22 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 1 Taken take VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 2 together together RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 3 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 4 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 5 lack lack NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 6 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 7 widespread widespread JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 8 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 9 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 10 wild wild JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 11 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 12 farmed farm VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 13 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 14 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 15 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 16 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 17 display display NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 18 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 19 overt overt JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 20 clinical clinical JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 21 symptoms symptom NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 22 following follow VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 23 experimental experimental JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 24 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 25 suggest suggest VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 26 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 27 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 28 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 29 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 30 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 31 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 32 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 33 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 34 natural natural JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 35 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 36 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 37 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 38 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 148 39 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 1 Instead instead RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 3 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 4 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 5 's 's POS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 6 high high JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 7 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 8 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 9 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 10 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 11 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 12 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 14 wide wide JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 15 distribution distribution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 16 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 17 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 18 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 19 restaurants restaurant NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 20 made make VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 22 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 23 ideal ideal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 24 amplifying amplify VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 25 host host NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 26 that that WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 27 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 28 believed believe VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 29 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 30 have have VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 31 played play VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 32 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 33 important important JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 34 role role NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 35 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 36 both both CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 37 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 38 major major JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 39 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 40 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 41 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 42 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 43 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 44 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 45 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 46 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 47 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 149 48 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 150 1 Bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 150 2 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 150 3 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 150 4 hosts host NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 150 5 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 150 6 several several JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 150 7 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 150 8 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 2 Calisher Calisher NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 3 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 4 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 5 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 6 2006 2006 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 8 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 9 including include VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 10 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 11 Hendra Hendra NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 12 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 13 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 14 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 15 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 16 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 17 have have VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 18 recently recently RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 19 emerged emerge VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 20 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 21 Australia Australia NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 22 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 23 East East NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 24 Asia Asia NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 25 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 151 26 respectively respectively RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 152 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 152 2 Chua Chua NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 152 3 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 152 4 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 152 5 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 1 2000 2000 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 2 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 3 Murray Murray NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 4 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 5 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 6 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 7 1995 1995 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 8 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 9 Wang Wang NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 10 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 11 Eaton Eaton NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 12 2001 2001 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 13 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 14 see see VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 15 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 16 chapter chapter NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 17 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 18 Field Field NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 19 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 20 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 153 21 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 154 1 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 154 2 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 154 3 volume volume NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 154 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 154 5 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 2 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 3 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 4 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 5 respond respond VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 6 asymptomatically asymptomatically RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 7 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 8 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 9 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 10 many many JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 11 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 13 Sulkin Sulkin NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 14 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 15 Allen Allen NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 16 1974 1974 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 17 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 18 Calisher Calisher NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 19 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 20 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 21 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 22 2006 2006 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 155 24 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 1 These these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 2 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 3 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 4 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 5 increasing increase VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 6 presence presence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 7 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 8 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 9 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 10 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 11 products product NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 12 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 13 food food NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 14 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 15 traditional traditional JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 16 medicine medicine NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 17 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 18 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 19 southern southern JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 20 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 21 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 22 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 23 Asian asian JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 24 countries country NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 26 Mickleburgh Mickleburgh NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 27 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 28 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 29 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 30 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 32 suggest suggest VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 33 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 34 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 35 could could MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 36 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 37 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 38 potential potential JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 39 natural natural JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 40 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 41 host host NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 156 42 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 157 1 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 157 2 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 157 3 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 1 Recently recently RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 3 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 4 groups group NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 5 have have VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 6 independently independently RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 7 reported report VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 9 presence presence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 10 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 11 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 12 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 13 like like JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 14 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 15 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 16 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 17 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 18 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 19 horseshoe horseshoe NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 20 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 21 within within IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 22 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 23 genus genus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 24 Rhinolophus Rhinolophus NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 158 25 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 2 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 3 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 4 conducted conduct VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 5 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 6 March March NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 7 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 8 December December NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 9 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 10 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 11 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 12 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 13 total total NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 14 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 15 408 408 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 16 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 17 representing represent VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 18 nine nine CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 19 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 20 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 21 six six CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 22 genera genus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 23 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 24 three three CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 25 families family NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 26 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 27 four four CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 28 locations location NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 29 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 30 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 32 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 33 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 34 Guangxi Guangxi NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 35 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 36 Hubei Hubei NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 37 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 38 Tianjin Tianjin NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 40 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 41 sampled sample VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 42 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 43 trapping trap VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 44 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 45 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 46 native native JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 47 habitat habitat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 159 49 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 160 1 Blood blood NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 160 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 160 3 faecal faecal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 160 4 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 160 5 throat throat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 160 6 swabs swab NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 160 7 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 160 8 collected collect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 160 9 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 160 10 antibody antibody NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 160 11 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 160 12 PCR PCR NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 160 13 analyses analysis NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 160 14 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 1 Three three CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 2 communal communal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 3 cave cave NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 4 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 5 dwelling dwell VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 6 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 7 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 9 genus genus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 10 Rhinolophus Rhinolophus NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 11 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 12 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 13 family family NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 14 Rhinolophidae Rhinolophidae NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 15 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 16 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 17 high high JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 18 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 19 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 20 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 21 antibody antibody NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 22 prevalence prevalence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 23 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 24 13 13 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 25 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 26 46 46 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 28 28 28 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 29 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 31 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 32 R. R. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 33 pearsoni pearsoni NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 34 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 35 Guangxi Guangxi NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 36 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 37 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 38 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 39 six six CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 41 33 33 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 42 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 44 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 45 R. R. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 46 pussilus pussilus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 47 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 48 Guangxi Guangxi NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 49 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 50 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 51 five five CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 52 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 53 seven seven CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 55 71 71 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 56 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 58 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 59 R. R. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 60 macrotis macrotis NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 61 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 62 Hubei Hubei NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 161 63 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 2 high high JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 3 seroprevalence seroprevalence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 4 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 5 wide wide JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 6 distribution distribution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 7 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 8 seropositive seropositive JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 9 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 10 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 11 consistent consistent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 12 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 13 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 14 pattern pattern NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 15 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 16 serology serology NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 17 expected expect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 18 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 19 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 20 pathogen pathogen NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 21 's 's POS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 22 wildlife wildlife NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 23 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 24 host host NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 26 Hudson Hudson NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 27 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 28 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 29 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 30 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 162 32 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 2 serological serological JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 3 findings finding NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 4 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 5 corroborated corroborate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 6 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 7 PCR PCR NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 8 analyses analysis NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 9 using use VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 10 primer primer NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 11 pairs pair NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 12 derived derive VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 13 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 14 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 15 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 17 N N NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 19 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 20 polymerase polymerase NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 22 P p NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 24 genes gene NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 25 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 26 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 27 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 28 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 29 A a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 30 total total NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 31 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 32 five five CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 33 positive positive JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 34 faecal faecal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 35 samples sample NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 36 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 37 detected detect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 38 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 39 three three CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 40 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 41 R. R. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 42 pearsoni pearsoni NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 43 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 44 Guangxi Guangxi NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 45 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 46 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 47 each each DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 48 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 49 R. R. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 50 macrotis macrotis NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 51 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 52 R. R. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 53 ferrumequinum ferrumequinum NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 54 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 55 respectively respectively RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 56 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 57 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 58 Hubei Hubei NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 163 59 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 1 Genome genome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 2 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 3 analysis analysis NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 4 indicated indicate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 5 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 7 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 8 like like JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 9 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 11 SL SL NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 12 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 13 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 15 present present JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 16 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 17 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 18 have have VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 19 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 20 almost almost RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 21 identical identical JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 22 genome genome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 23 organisation organisation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 24 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 25 those those DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 26 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 27 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 28 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 29 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 30 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 31 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 32 humans human NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 33 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 34 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 35 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 36 sharing share VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 37 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 38 overall overall JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 39 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 40 identity identity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 41 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 42 92 92 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 43 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 164 44 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 2 most most RBS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 3 variable variable JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 4 regions region NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 5 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 6 located locate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 7 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 9 5′ 5′ CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 10 end end NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 11 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 12 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 13 S S NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 14 gene gene NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 15 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 16 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 17 codes code VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 18 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 19 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 20 surface surface NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 21 spike spike NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 22 protein protein NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 23 involved involve VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 24 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 25 receptor receptor NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 26 binding binding NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 27 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 28 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 29 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 30 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 31 ORF10-coding orf10-code VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 32 region region NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 33 immediately immediately RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 34 upstream upstream RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 35 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 36 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 37 N n CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 38 gene gene NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 39 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 40 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 41 contains contain VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 42 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 43 coding code VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 44 region region NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 45 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 46 putative putative JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 47 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 48 proteins protein NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 49 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 50 unknown unknown JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 51 function function NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 53 Marra Marra NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 54 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 55 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 56 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 57 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 58 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 59 Rota Rota NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 60 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 61 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 62 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 63 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 65 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 66 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 67 known know VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 68 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 69 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 70 prone prone JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 71 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 72 mutation mutation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 73 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 74 deletions deletion NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 75 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 76 various various JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 77 sizes size NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 78 Song Song NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 79 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 80 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 165 81 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 166 1 2005 2005 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 166 2 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 166 3 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 166 4 Chinese chinese JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 166 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 166 6 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 166 7 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 166 8 Consortium Consortium NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 166 9 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 166 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 166 11 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 1 When when WRB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 2 these these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 3 regions region NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 4 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 5 excluded exclude VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 6 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 7 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 8 comparison comparison NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 9 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 10 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 11 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 12 identity identity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 13 increased increase VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 14 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 15 94 94 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 16 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 17 between between IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 18 SL SL NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 19 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 20 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 21 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 22 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 23 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 24 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 167 25 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 2 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 3 interesting interesting JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 4 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 5 note note VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 6 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 7 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 8 ORF10-coding orf10-code VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 9 region region NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 10 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 11 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 12 SL SL NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 13 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 14 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 15 contained contain VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 16 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 17 29-nt 29-nt CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 18 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 19 present present JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 20 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 21 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 22 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 23 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 24 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 25 isolates isolate NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 26 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 27 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 28 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 29 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 30 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 31 isolates isolate NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 32 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 33 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 34 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 35 phase phase NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 36 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 37 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 38 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 39 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 40 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 41 absent absent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 42 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 43 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 44 isolates isolate NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 45 obtained obtain VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 46 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 47 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 48 later later JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 49 phases phase NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 50 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 51 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 52 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 54 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 55 Chinese chinese JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 56 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 57 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 58 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 59 Consortium Consortium NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 60 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 168 62 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 1 This this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 2 finding finding NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 3 suggests suggest VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 5 SL SL NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 6 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 7 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 8 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 9 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 10 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 11 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 12 may may MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 13 have have VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 14 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 15 common common JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 16 ancestor ancestor NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 169 17 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 170 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 170 2 another another DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 170 3 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 170 4 reported report VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 170 5 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 170 6 Lau Lau NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 170 7 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 170 8 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 170 9 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 2 2005 2005 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 6 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 7 found find VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 8 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 9 23 23 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 11 39 39 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 12 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 14 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 15 59 59 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 16 anal anal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 17 swabs swab NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 18 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 19 wild wild JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 20 Chinese chinese JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 21 horseshoe horseshoe NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 22 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 24 Rhinolopus Rhinolopus NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 25 sinicus sinicus NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 27 contained contain VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 28 genetic genetic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 29 material material NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 30 closely closely RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 31 related relate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 32 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 33 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 34 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 35 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 36 when when WRB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 37 analysed analyse VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 38 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 39 PCR PCR NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 171 40 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 2 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 3 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 4 found find VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 5 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 6 up up IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 7 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 8 84 84 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 9 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 10 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 11 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 12 horseshoe horseshoe NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 13 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 14 examined examine VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 15 contained contain VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 16 antibodies antibody NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 17 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 18 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 19 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 20 N n CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 21 protein protein NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 22 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 172 23 SARS- SARS- NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 173 1 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 1 This this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 2 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 3 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 4 conducted conduct VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 5 using use VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 6 wild wild JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 7 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 8 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 9 unpopulated unpopulated JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 10 areas area NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 11 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 12 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 13 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 14 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 15 Special Special NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 16 Administration Administration NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 17 Region Region NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 18 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 19 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 174 20 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 2 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 3 three three CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 4 full full JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 5 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 6 length length NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 7 genome genome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 8 sequences sequence NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 9 derived derive VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 10 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 11 PCR PCR NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 12 products product NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 13 revealed reveal VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 14 similar similar JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 15 findings finding NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 16 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 17 those those DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 18 reported report VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 19 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 20 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 21 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 22 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 23 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 24 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 25 shared share VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 26 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 27 overall overall JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 28 88 88 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 29 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 30 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 31 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 32 93 93 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 33 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 34 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 35 identity identity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 36 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 37 ten ten CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 38 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 39 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 40 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 41 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 42 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 43 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 44 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 45 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 46 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 47 locations location NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 48 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 49 at at IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 50 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 51 times time NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 52 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 53 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 54 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 55 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 56 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 57 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 58 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 59 major major JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 60 differences difference NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 61 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 62 located locate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 63 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 64 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 65 S S NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 66 gene gene NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 67 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 68 ORF10-coding orf10-coding CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 69 region region NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 175 70 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 2 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 3 viruses viruse VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 4 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 5 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 6 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 7 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 8 contained contain VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 9 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 10 29-nt 29-nt CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 11 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 12 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 13 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 14 ORF10 ORF10 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 15 region region NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 176 16 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 3 diversity diversity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 4 observed observe VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 5 among among IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 6 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 7 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 8 derived derive VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 9 SL sl NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 10 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 11 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 12 together together RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 13 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 14 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 15 high high JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 16 prevalence prevalence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 17 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 18 wide wide JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 19 distribution distribution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 20 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 21 seropositive seropositive JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 22 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 23 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 24 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 25 revealed reveal VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 26 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 27 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 28 independent independent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 29 groups group NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 30 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 31 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 32 consistent consistent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 33 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 34 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 35 being be VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 36 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 37 wildlife wildlife NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 38 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 39 host host NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 40 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 41 SL SL NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 42 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 43 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 177 44 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 1 As as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 2 shown show VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 3 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 5 comparison comparison NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 6 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 7 partial partial JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 8 sequences sequence NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 9 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 10 SL SL NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 11 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 12 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 13 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 14 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 15 three three CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 16 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 17 horseshoe horseshoe NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 18 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 19 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 20 revealed reveal VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 21 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 22 much much RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 23 higher high JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 24 genetic genetic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 25 diversity diversity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 26 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 27 those those DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 28 observed observe VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 29 among among IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 30 all all PDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 31 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 32 reported report VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 33 sequences sequence NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 34 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 35 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 36 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 37 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 38 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 39 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 40 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 178 41 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 3 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 4 analysis analysis NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 5 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 6 indicated indicate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 7 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 8 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 9 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 10 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 11 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 12 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 13 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 14 nestle nestle NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 15 phylogenetically phylogenetically RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 16 within within IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 17 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 18 spectrum spectrum NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 19 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 20 SL SL NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 21 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 22 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 23 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 24 suggesting suggest VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 25 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 26 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 27 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 28 responsible responsible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 29 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 30 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 31 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 32 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 33 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 34 members member NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 35 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 36 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 37 diverse diverse JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 38 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 39 group group NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 40 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 41 tentatively tentatively RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 42 named name VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 43 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 44 group group NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 45 2b 2b CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 46 coronaviruses coronaviruses NNPS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 47 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 48 G2b G2b NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 49 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 179 50 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 180 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 180 2 Wang Wang NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 180 3 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 180 4 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 180 5 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 180 6 2006 2006 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 180 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 180 8 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 1 This this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 2 notion notion NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 3 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 4 strengthened strengthen VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 5 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 6 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 7 comparison comparison NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 8 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 9 genetic genetic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 10 relatedness relatedness NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 11 among among IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 12 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 13 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 14 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 15 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 16 detected detect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 17 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 18 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 19 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 20 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 21 mainland mainland NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 22 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 181 23 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 1 As as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 2 mentioned mention VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 3 above above RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 5 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 6 overall overall JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 7 genome genome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 8 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 9 identity identity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 10 between between IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 11 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 12 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 13 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 14 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 15 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 16 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 17 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 18 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 19 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 20 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 21 viruses viruse VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 22 Rp3 rp3 RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 24 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 25 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 26 R. R. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 27 pearsoni pearsoni NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 29 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 30 B24 B24 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 32 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 33 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 34 R. R. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 35 sinicus sinicus NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 37 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 38 92 92 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 39 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 40 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 41 88 88 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 42 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 43 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 44 respectively respectively RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 182 45 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 2 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 3 identity identity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 4 between between IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 5 Rp3 rp3 NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 6 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 7 B24 B24 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 8 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 9 89 89 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 10 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 11 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 12 suggesting suggest VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 13 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 14 Rp3 rp3 NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 15 has have VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 16 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 17 closer close JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 18 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 19 relationship relationship NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 20 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 21 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 22 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 23 / / SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 24 human human NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 25 isolates isolate NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 26 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 27 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 28 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 29 B24 B24 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 30 isolate isolate NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 31 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 32 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 33 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 34 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 35 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 183 36 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 1 Further further JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 2 surveillance surveillance NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 3 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 4 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 5 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 6 region region NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 7 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 8 required require VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 9 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 10 investigate investigate VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 11 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 12 distribution distribution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 13 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 14 diversity diversity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 15 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 16 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 17 G2b G2b NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 18 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 19 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 20 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 21 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 22 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 23 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 24 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 25 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 26 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 27 find find VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 28 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 29 location location NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 30 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 31 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 32 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 33 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 34 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 35 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 36 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 37 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 38 responsible responsible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 39 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 40 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 41 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 42 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 43 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 44 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 45 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 46 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 47 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 48 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 49 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 50 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 51 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 184 52 _SP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 1 Emergence emergence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 2 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 3 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 4 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 5 maintained maintain VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 6 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 7 wildlife wildlife NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 8 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 9 hosts host NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 10 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 11 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 12 complex complex JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 13 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 14 poorly poorly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 15 understood understand VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 16 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 17 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 18 events event NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 185 19 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 1 Childs Childs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 3 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 5 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 6 Childs Childs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 7 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 8 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 9 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 10 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 11 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 12 volume volume NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 13 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 14 recognised recognise VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 15 four four CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 16 transitions transition NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 17 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 18 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 19 process process NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 20 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 21 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 22 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 23 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 24 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 25 transmitted transmit VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 26 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 27 infect infect VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 28 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 29 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 186 30 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 1 Two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 2 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 3 these these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 4 transitions transition NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 5 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 6 interspecies interspecie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 7 contact contact NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 8 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 9 cross cross NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 10 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 11 species species JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 12 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 13 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 15 i.e. i.e. FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 16 spillover spillover NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 18 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 19 essential essential JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 20 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 21 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 22 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 23 cause cause VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 24 epidemic epidemic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 25 emergence emergence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 187 26 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 1 Two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 2 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 3 transitions transition NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 5 sustained sustain VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 6 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 7 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 8 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 9 adaptation adaptation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 10 within within IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 11 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 12 spillover spillover NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 13 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 14 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 15 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 16 not not RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 17 required require VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 18 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 19 emergence emergence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 20 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 21 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 22 will will MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 23 determine determine VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 24 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 25 magnitude magnitude NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 26 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 27 scope scope NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 28 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 29 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 30 disease disease NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 31 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 188 32 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 1 These these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 2 transition transition NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 3 events event NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 4 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 5 discussed discuss VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 6 below below IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 7 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 8 relation relation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 9 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 10 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 11 potential potential JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 12 mechanism mechanism NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 13 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 15 emergence emergence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 189 16 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 1 There there EX cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 2 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 3 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 4 number number NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 5 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 6 possibilities possibility NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 7 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 8 contact contact NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 9 between between IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 10 horseshoe horseshoe NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 11 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 12 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 13 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 14 putative putative JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 15 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 16 host host NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 18 H h NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 19 R r NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 21 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 22 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 23 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 24 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 25 more more JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 26 secondary secondary JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 27 hosts host NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 29 H H NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 30 S S NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 190 32 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 1 This this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 2 could could MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 3 happen happen VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 4 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 5 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 6 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 7 's 's POS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 8 natural natural JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 9 habitat habitat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 10 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 11 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 12 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 13 variety variety NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 14 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 15 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 16 situations situation NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 191 17 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 1 Horseshoe Horseshoe NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 2 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 3 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 4 cave cave NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 5 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 6 dwelling dwell VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 7 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 8 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 9 feed feed VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 10 mainly mainly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 11 on on IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 12 moths moth NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 13 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 14 beetles beetle NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 15 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 16 may may MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 17 have have VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 18 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 19 opportunity opportunity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 20 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 21 come come VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 22 into into IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 23 close close JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 24 proximity proximity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 25 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 26 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 27 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 28 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 29 live live VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 30 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 31 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 32 explore explore VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 33 caves cave NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 192 34 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 2 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 3 interesting interesting JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 4 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 5 note note VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 6 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 7 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 9 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 10 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 11 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 12 serological serological JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 13 findings finding NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 14 indicated indicate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 15 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 16 Rousettus Rousettus NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 17 leschenauti leschenauti NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 18 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 19 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 20 much much RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 21 larger large JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 22 cavedwelling cavedwelle VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 23 fruit fruit NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 24 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 25 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 26 may may MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 27 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 28 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 29 infected infect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 30 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 31 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 32 closely closely RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 33 related related JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 34 G2b G2b NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 35 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 36 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 37 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 38 although although IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 39 at at IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 40 much much RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 41 lower low JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 42 frequency frequency NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 193 43 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 1 Contact contact NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 2 between between IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 3 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 4 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 5 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 6 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 7 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 8 may may MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 9 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 10 arise arise VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 11 because because IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 12 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 13 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 14 used use VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 15 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 16 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 17 source source NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 18 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 19 medicinal medicinal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 20 components component NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 21 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 22 live live JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 23 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 24 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 25 among among IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 26 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 27 large large JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 28 number number NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 29 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 30 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 31 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 32 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 33 that that WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 34 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 35 traded trade VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 36 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 37 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 38 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 194 39 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 195 1 From from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 195 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 195 3 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 195 4 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 195 5 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 195 6 Lau Lau NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 195 7 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 195 8 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 195 9 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 2 2005 2005 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 6 know know VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 7 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 9 main main JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 10 route route NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 11 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 12 excretion excretion NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 13 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 14 G2b G2b NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 15 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 16 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 17 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 18 naturally naturally RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 19 infected infect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 20 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 21 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 22 via via IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 23 faecal faecal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 24 shedding shedding NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 196 25 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 2 opportunity opportunity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 3 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 4 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 5 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 6 between between IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 7 H H NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 8 R r NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 9 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 10 H H NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 11 S S NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 12 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 13 therefore therefore RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 14 further further RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 15 enhanced enhance VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 16 since since IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 17 direct direct JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 18 contact contact NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 19 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 20 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 21 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 22 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 23 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 24 may may MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 25 not not RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 26 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 27 absolutely absolutely RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 28 required require VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 29 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 30 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 31 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 32 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 33 pass pass VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 34 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 35 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 36 H h NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 37 S s NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 197 38 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 1 Live live JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 2 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 3 trading trading NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 4 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 5 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 6 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 7 Asia Asia NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 8 thus thus RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 9 provides provide VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 10 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 11 most most RBS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 12 likely likely JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 13 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 14 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 15 inter inter JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 16 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 17 species species JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 18 contact contact NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 198 19 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 1 As as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 2 revealed reveal VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 3 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 4 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 5 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 6 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 7 conducted conduct VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 8 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 9 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 10 peak peak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 11 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 12 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 14 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 15 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 16 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 17 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 18 most most JJS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 19 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 20 traders trader NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 21 handle handle VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 22 more more JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 23 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 24 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 25 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 26 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 27 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 28 thus thus RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 29 providing provide VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 30 numerous numerous JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 31 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 32 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 33 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 34 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 35 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 36 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 37 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 38 contact contact NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 199 39 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 1 This this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 2 could could MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 3 happen happen VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 4 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 5 transportation transportation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 6 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 7 where where WRB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 8 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 9 cages cage NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 10 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 11 often often RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 12 piled pile VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 13 on on IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 14 top top NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 15 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 16 each each DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 17 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 18 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 19 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 20 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 21 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 22 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 23 where where WRB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 24 more more JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 25 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 26 100 100 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 27 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 28 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 29 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 30 can can MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 31 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 32 housed house VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 33 under under IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 34 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 35 single single JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 36 roof roof NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 37 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 200 38 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 1 Wholesale wholesale JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 2 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 3 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 4 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 5 warehouses warehouse NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 6 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 7 offer offer VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 9 possibility possibility NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 10 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 11 sustained sustained JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 12 opportunity opportunity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 13 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 14 inter inter JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 15 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 16 species species JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 17 contact contact NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 18 because because IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 19 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 20 may may MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 21 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 22 kept keep VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 23 together together RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 24 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 25 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 26 extended extended JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 27 time time NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 28 before before IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 29 being be VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 30 sold sell VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 31 individually individually RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 201 32 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 2 notion notion NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 3 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 4 inter inter JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 5 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 6 species species JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 7 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 8 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 9 wholesale wholesale JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 10 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 11 retail retail JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 12 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 13 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 14 supported support VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 15 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 16 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 17 finding finding NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 18 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 19 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 20 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 21 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 22 that that WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 23 G2b G2b NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 24 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 25 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 26 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 27 detected detect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 28 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 29 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 30 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 31 raccoon raccoon NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 32 dogs dog NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 33 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 34 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 35 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 36 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 37 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 38 not not RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 39 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 40 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 41 farms farm NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 42 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 43 claimed claim VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 44 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 45 have have VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 46 supplied supply VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 47 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 48 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 49 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 50 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 51 particular particular JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 52 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 53 surveyed survey VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 55 Tu Tu NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 56 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 57 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 58 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 59 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 60 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 61 Kan Kan NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 62 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 63 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 64 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 65 2005 2005 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 202 67 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 2 second second JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 3 transition transition NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 5 i.e. i.e. FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 6 cross cross JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 7 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 8 species species JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 9 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 10 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 11 spillover spillover NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 13 requires require VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 14 not not RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 15 only only RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 16 inter inter JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 17 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 18 species species JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 19 contact contact NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 20 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 21 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 22 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 23 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 24 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 25 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 26 H H NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 27 S S NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 28 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 29 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 30 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 31 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 203 32 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 1 For for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 2 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 3 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 4 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 5 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 6 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 7 does do VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 8 not not RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 9 seem seem VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 10 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 11 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 12 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 13 major major JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 14 constraint constraint NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 204 15 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 1 As as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 2 discussed discuss VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 3 above above RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 4 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 5 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 6 large large JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 7 number number NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 8 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 9 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 10 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 11 have have VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 12 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 13 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 14 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 15 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 16 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 17 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 18 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 19 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 20 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 21 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 22 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 23 either either CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 24 under under IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 25 experimental experimental JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 26 conditions condition NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 27 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 28 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 29 natural natural JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 30 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 31 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 32 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 205 33 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 1 Spillover spillover NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 2 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 3 defined define VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 4 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 5 introduction introduction NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 6 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 7 replication replication NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 8 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 9 release release NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 10 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 11 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 12 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 13 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 14 H H NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 15 S S NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 17 Childs Childs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 18 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 206 20 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 1 For for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 2 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 3 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 4 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 5 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 6 there there EX cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 7 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 8 ample ample JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 9 evidence evidence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 10 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 11 suggest suggest VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 12 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 13 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 14 has have VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 15 happened happen VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 16 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 17 more more JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 18 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 19 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 20 H h NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 21 S s NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 22 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 23 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 24 including include VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 25 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 26 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 27 raccoon raccoon NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 28 dogs dog NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 29 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 30 ferret ferret JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 31 badgers badger NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 32 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 33 humans human NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 207 34 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 1 Three three CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 2 separate separate JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 3 surveillance surveillance NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 4 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 5 indicate indicate VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 6 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 7 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 8 at at IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 9 least least JJS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 10 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 11 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 12 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 13 populations population NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 14 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 15 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 16 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 17 intra intra NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 18 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 19 H h NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 20 S s NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 21 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 22 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 23 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 24 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 25 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 26 occurred occur VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 27 readily readily RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 28 Tu Tu NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 29 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 30 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 208 31 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 209 1 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 209 2 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 209 3 Kan Kan NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 209 4 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 209 5 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 209 6 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 209 7 2005 2005 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 209 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 209 9 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 1 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 2 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 3 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 4 reactive reactive JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 5 antibody antibody NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 6 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 7 found find VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 8 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 9 79 79 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 10 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 11 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 12 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 13 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 14 January January NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 15 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 16 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 17 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 18 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 19 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 20 100 100 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 21 % % NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 22 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 23 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 24 tested test VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 25 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 26 another another DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 27 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 28 contained contain VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 29 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 30 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 31 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 32 genomic genomic NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 210 34 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 1 Civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 2 trading trading NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 3 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 4 banned ban VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 5 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 6 May May NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 7 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 8 after after IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 9 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 10 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 11 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 12 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 13 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 14 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 15 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 16 resumed resume VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 17 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 18 August August NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 19 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 211 20 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 1 Considering consider VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 2 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 3 there there EX cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 4 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 5 no no DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 6 evidence evidence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 7 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 8 widespread widespread JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 9 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 10 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 11 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 12 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 13 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 14 among among IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 15 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 16 populations population NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 17 on on IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 18 farms farm NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 19 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 20 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 21 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 212 22 wild wild NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 213 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 213 2 Tu Tu NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 213 3 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 213 4 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 213 5 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 1 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 2 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 3 Kan Kan NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 4 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 5 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 6 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 7 2005 2005 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 9 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 11 can can MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 12 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 13 concluded conclude VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 14 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 15 re re NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 16 - - NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 17 appearance appearance NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 18 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 19 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 20 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 21 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 22 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 23 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 24 population population NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 25 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 26 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 27 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 28 late late JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 29 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 30 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 31 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 214 32 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 1 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 2 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 3 result result NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 4 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 5 separate separate JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 6 spillover spillover NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 7 event(s event(s NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 9 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 10 occurred occur VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 11 after after IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 12 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 13 resumption resumption NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 14 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 15 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 16 trading trading NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 17 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 18 August August NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 19 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 215 20 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 1 This this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 2 would would MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 3 suggest suggest VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 4 sustainable sustainable JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 5 intra intra JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 6 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 7 H h NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 8 S s NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 9 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 10 among among IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 11 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 12 after after IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 13 spillover spillover NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 14 events event NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 216 15 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 3 intra intra JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 4 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 5 H h NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 6 S s NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 7 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 8 among among IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 9 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 10 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 11 populations population NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 12 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 13 documented document VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 14 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 15 many many JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 16 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 17 cities city NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 18 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 19 especially especially RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 20 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 21 Guanghzhou Guanghzhou NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 22 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 23 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 24 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 25 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 26 Beijing Beijing NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 27 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 28 Singapore Singapore NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 29 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 30 Toronto Toronto NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 32 Anderson Anderson NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 33 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 34 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 35 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 36 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 217 38 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 2 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 3 conceivable conceivable JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 5 such such JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 6 intra intra JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 7 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 8 H h NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 9 S s NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 10 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 11 would would MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 12 have have VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 13 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 14 sustained sustain VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 15 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 16 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 17 much much RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 18 longer long JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 19 period period NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 20 if if IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 21 draconian draconian JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 22 quarantine quarantine NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 23 measures measure NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 24 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 25 not not RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 26 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 27 implemented implement VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 218 28 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 1 Virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 2 adaptation adaptation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 3 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 4 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 5 fourth fourth JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 6 transition transition NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 7 considered consider VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 8 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 9 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 10 important important JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 11 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 12 determining determine VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 13 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 14 scope scope NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 15 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 16 magnitude magnitude NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 17 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 18 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 19 disease disease NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 20 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 21 after after IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 22 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 23 spillover spillover NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 24 event event NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 26 Childs Childs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 27 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 219 29 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 1 Several several JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 2 studies study NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 3 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 4 rapid rapid JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 5 evolution evolution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 6 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 7 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 8 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 9 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 10 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 11 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 12 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 13 especially especially RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 14 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 15 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 16 receptor receptor NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 17 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 18 binding bind VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 19 domain domain NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 21 RBD RBD NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 23 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 24 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 25 spike spike NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 26 protein protein NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 27 gene gene NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 28 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 29 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 30 location location NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 31 believed believe VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 32 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 33 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 34 important important JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 35 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 36 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 37 adaptation adaptation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 38 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 39 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 40 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 41 H h NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 42 S s NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 43 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 44 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 45 i.e. i.e. FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 46 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 47 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 48 human human NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 220 49 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 3 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 4 detailed detailed JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 5 molecular molecular JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 6 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 7 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 9 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 10 Chinese chinese JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 11 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 12 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 13 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 14 Consortium Consortium NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 15 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 17 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 18 61 61 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 19 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 20 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 21 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 22 derived derive VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 23 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 24 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 25 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 26 middle middle JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 27 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 28 late late JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 29 phases phase NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 30 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 31 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 32 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 33 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 34 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 35 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 36 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 37 analysed analyse VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 38 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 39 genomic genomic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 40 sequencing sequencing NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 221 41 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 2 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 3 discovered discover VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 5 genotypes genotype NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 6 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 7 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 8 each each DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 9 phase phase NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 10 could could MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 11 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 12 identified identify VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 13 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 14 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 15 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 16 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 17 earliest early JJS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 18 genotypes genotype NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 19 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 20 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 21 most most RBS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 22 similar similar JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 23 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 24 those those DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 25 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 26 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 27 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 28 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 29 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 30 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 31 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 222 32 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 4 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 5 shown show VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 6 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 7 while while IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 9 neutral neutral JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 10 mutation mutation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 11 rate rate NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 12 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 13 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 14 viral viral JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 15 genome genome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 16 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 17 constant constant JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 18 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 19 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 20 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 21 phases phase NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 22 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 23 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 24 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 25 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 26 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 27 amino amino NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 28 acid acid NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 29 substitution substitution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 30 rate rate NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 31 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 32 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 33 coding code VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 34 region region NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 35 slowed slow VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 36 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 37 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 38 course course NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 39 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 40 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 41 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 42 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 43 indicating indicate VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 44 rapid rapid JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 45 adaptation adaptation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 46 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 47 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 48 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 49 host host NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 223 50 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 1 As as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 2 expected expect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 3 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 4 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 5 spike spike NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 6 proteincoding proteincode VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 7 gene gene NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 8 showed show VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 9 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 10 strongest strong JJS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 11 initial initial JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 12 responses response NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 13 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 14 host host VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 15 selection selection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 16 pressures pressure NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 224 17 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 2 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 3 separate separate JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 4 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 5 focusing focus VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 6 on on IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 7 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 8 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 9 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 10 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 11 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 12 humans human NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 13 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 14 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 15 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 16 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 17 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 18 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 19 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 20 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 21 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 22 Song Song NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 23 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 24 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 225 25 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 2 2005 2005 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 4 discovered discover VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 5 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 6 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 7 ratio ratio NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 8 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 9 nonsynonymous nonsynonymous JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 10 / / SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 11 synonymous synonymous JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 12 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 13 substitution substitution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 14 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 15 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 16 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 17 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 18 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 19 collected collect VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 20 1 1 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 21 year year NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 22 apart apart RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 23 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 24 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 25 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 26 geographic geographic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 27 locations location NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 28 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 29 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 30 very very RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 31 high high JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 226 32 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 1 This this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 2 suggested suggest VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 3 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 4 rapid rapid JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 5 process process NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 6 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 7 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 8 evolution evolution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 9 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 10 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 11 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 12 much much RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 13 like like IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 14 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 15 adaptation adaptation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 16 process process NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 17 revealed reveal VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 18 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 19 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 20 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 21 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 22 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 23 isolates isolate NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 24 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 25 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 26 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 27 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 29 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 30 Chinese chinese JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 31 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 32 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 33 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 34 Consortium Consortium NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 35 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 227 37 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 1 These these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 2 results result NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 3 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 4 indicated indicate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 5 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 6 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 7 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 8 not not RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 9 likely likely JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 10 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 11 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 12 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 13 H h NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 14 R r NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 15 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 16 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 17 highlighted highlight VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 19 potential potential JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 20 role role NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 21 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 22 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 23 H h NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 24 S S NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 25 involved involve VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 26 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 27 transmitting transmit VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 28 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 29 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 30 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 31 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 32 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 33 humans human NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 228 34 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 2 authors author NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 3 concluded conclude VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 5 major major JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 7 variations variation NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 8 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 9 critical critical JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 10 genes gene NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 11 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 12 particularly particularly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 13 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 14 S S NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 15 gene gene NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 16 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 17 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 18 essential essential JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 19 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 20 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 21 progression progression NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 22 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 23 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 24 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 25 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 26 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 27 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 28 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 29 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 30 sustained sustain VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 31 human human NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 32 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 33 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 34 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 35 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 36 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 37 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 38 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 39 eventually eventually RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 40 led lead VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 41 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 42 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 43 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 44 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 45 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 46 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 47 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 48 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 49 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 229 50 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 2 rapid rapid JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 3 evolution evolution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 4 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 6 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 7 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 8 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 9 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 10 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 11 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 12 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 13 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 14 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 15 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 16 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 17 confirmed confirm VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 18 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 19 Kan Kan NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 20 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 21 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 230 22 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 2 2005 2005 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 4 who who WP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 5 analysed analyse VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 6 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 7 total total NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 8 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 9 17 17 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 10 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 11 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 12 derived derive VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 13 sequences sequence NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 14 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 15 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 16 January January NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 17 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 18 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 19 compared compare VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 20 them -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 21 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 22 those those DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 23 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 24 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 25 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 26 humans human NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 27 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 28 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 29 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 231 30 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 2 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 5 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 6 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 7 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 8 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 9 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 10 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 11 live live JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 12 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 13 markets market NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 14 had have VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 15 undergone undergo VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 16 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 17 process process NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 18 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 19 evolution evolution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 20 that that WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 21 generated generate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 22 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 23 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 24 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 25 potential potential NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 26 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 27 infect infect VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 28 humans human NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 232 29 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 1 Within within IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 2 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 3 17 17 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 4 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 5 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 6 derived derive VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 8 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 9 there there EX cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 10 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 11 three three CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 12 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 13 did do VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 14 not not RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 15 contain contain VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 16 any any DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 17 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 18 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 19 novel novel JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 20 signature signature NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 21 variation variation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 22 residues residue NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 24 SNV SNV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 26 that that WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 27 characterised characterise VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 28 previously previously RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 29 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 30 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 31 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 233 32 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 2 authors author NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 3 postulated postulate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 5 such such JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 6 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 7 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 9 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 10 starting starting NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 11 point point NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 12 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 13 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 14 process process NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 15 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 16 introduced introduce VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 17 seven seven CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 18 SNVs snv NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 19 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 20 caused cause VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 21 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 22 substitution substitution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 23 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 24 six six CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 25 amino amino NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 26 acid acid NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 27 residues residue NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 28 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 29 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 30 spike spike NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 31 protein protein NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 234 32 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 2 resulting result VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 3 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 4 jumped jump VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 5 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 6 humans human NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 7 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 8 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 9 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 10 cause cause NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 11 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 12 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 13 low low JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 14 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 15 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 16 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 17 humans human NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 18 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 19 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 20 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 21 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 235 22 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 1 A a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 2 further further JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 3 14 14 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 4 SNVs snv NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 5 caused cause VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 6 11 11 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 7 amino amino NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 8 acid acid NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 9 residue residue NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 10 changes change NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 11 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 12 resulted result VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 13 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 14 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 15 high high JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 16 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 17 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 18 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 19 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 20 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 21 responsible responsible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 22 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 23 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 24 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 25 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 26 early early JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 27 phase phase NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 28 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 29 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 30 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 31 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 32 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 33 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 236 34 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 1 Finally finally RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 2 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 3 six six CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 4 SNVs snv NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 5 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 6 four four CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 7 amino amino NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 8 acid acid NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 9 changes change NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 10 produced produce VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 11 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 12 group group NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 13 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 14 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 15 that that WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 16 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 17 responsible responsible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 18 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 19 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 20 global global JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 21 epidemic epidemic NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 22 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 23 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 24 middle middle NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 25 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 26 late late JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 27 phases phase NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 28 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 29 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 30 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 31 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 237 32 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 2 metallopeptidase metallopeptidase NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 3 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 4 angiotensin angiotensin NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 5 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 6 converting convert VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 7 enzyme enzyme NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 8 2 2 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 10 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 12 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 13 has have VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 14 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 15 identified identify VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 16 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 17 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 18 functional functional JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 19 receptor receptor NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 20 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 21 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 22 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 23 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 24 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 238 25 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 2 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 3 comparative comparative JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 4 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 5 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 6 binding bind VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 7 affinity affinity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 8 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 9 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 10 S s NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 11 proteins protein NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 12 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 13 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 14 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 15 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 16 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 17 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 19 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 20 shown show VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 21 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 22 S s NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 23 proteins protein NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 24 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 25 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 26 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 27 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 28 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 29 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 30 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 31 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 32 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 33 mild mild JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 34 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 35 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 36 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 37 2004 2004 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 38 bind bind NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 39 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 40 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 41 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 42 much much RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 43 less less RBR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 44 efficiently efficiently RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 45 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 46 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 47 S S NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 48 proteins protein NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 49 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 50 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 51 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 52 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 53 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 54 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 55 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 56 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 57 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 58 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 59 - - SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 60 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 61 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 239 62 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 240 1 Similar similar JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 240 2 findings finding NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 240 3 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 240 4 obtained obtain VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 240 5 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 240 6 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 240 7 separate separate JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 240 8 study study NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 240 9 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 240 10 Yang Yang NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 240 11 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 240 12 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 240 13 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 241 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 241 2 2005 2005 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 241 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 241 4 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 2 was be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 3 found find VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 5 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 6 S S NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 7 protein protein NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 8 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 9 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 10 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 11 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 12 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 13 patient patient NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 14 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 15 late late JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 16 2003 2003 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 17 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 18 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 19 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 20 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 21 depended depend VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 22 less less RBR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 23 on on IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 24 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 25 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 26 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 27 receptor receptor NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 28 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 29 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 30 markedly markedly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 31 resistant resistant JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 32 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 33 antibody antibody NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 34 inhibition inhibition NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 242 35 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 1 These these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 2 data datum NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 3 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 4 that that IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 6 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 7 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 8 were be VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 9 successful successful JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 10 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 11 both both DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 12 maintaining maintain VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 13 intra intra JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 14 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 15 H h NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 16 S s NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 17 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 18 among among IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 19 at at RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 20 least least RBS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 21 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 22 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 23 H h NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 24 S s NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 25 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 26 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 27 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 28 adapting adapt VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 29 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 30 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 31 new new JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 32 hosts host NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 33 via via IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 34 rapid rapid JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 35 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 36 evolution evolution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 243 37 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 1 These these DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 2 attributes attribute NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 3 made make VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 4 possible possible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 5 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 6 rapid rapid JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 7 global global JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 8 spread spread NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 9 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 11 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 12 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 13 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 14 cause cause VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 15 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 16 most most RBS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 17 severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 18 infectious infectious JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 19 disease disease NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 20 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 21 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 22 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 23 twenty twenty CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 24 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 25 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 26 century century NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 244 27 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 1 Less Less JJR cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 2 than than IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 3 3 3 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 4 years year NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 5 after after IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 6 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 7 first first JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 8 emergence emergence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 9 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 11 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 12 rapid rapid JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 13 progress progress NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 14 has have VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 15 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 16 made make VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 17 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 18 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 19 identification identification NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 20 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 21 genetic genetic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 22 analysis analysis NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 23 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 24 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 25 aetiological aetiological JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 26 agent agent NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 27 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 28 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 29 molecular molecular JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 30 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 31 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 32 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 33 identification identification NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 34 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 35 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 36 host host NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 37 receptor receptor NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 38 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 39 molecular molecular JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 40 characterisation characterisation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 41 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 42 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 43 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 44 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 45 host host NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 46 interaction interaction NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 47 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 48 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 49 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 50 rapid rapid JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 51 development development NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 52 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 53 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 54 assays assay NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 55 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 56 vaccine vaccine NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 57 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 58 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 59 candidates candidate NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 245 60 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 2 recent recent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 3 identification identification NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 4 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 5 horseshoe horseshoe NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 6 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 7 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 9 natural natural JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 10 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 11 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 12 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 13 new new JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 14 group group NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 15 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 16 G2b G2b NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 17 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 18 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 19 will will MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 20 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 21 play play VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 22 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 23 important important JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 24 role role NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 25 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 26 facilitating facilitate VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 27 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 28 understanding understanding NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 29 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 30 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 31 emergence emergence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 32 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 33 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 34 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 35 prevention prevention NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 36 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 37 future future JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 38 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 246 39 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 1 Bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 2 have have VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 3 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 4 identified identify VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 5 or or CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 6 implicated implicate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 7 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 9 natural natural JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 10 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 11 host host NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 12 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 13 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 14 increasing increase VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 15 number number NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 16 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 17 new new JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 18 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 19 often often RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 20 deadly deadly JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 21 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 22 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 247 23 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 1 In in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 2 addition addition NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 3 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 4 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 5 emergence emergence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 6 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 7 G2b G2b NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 8 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 9 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 10 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 11 insectivorous insectivorous JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 12 Rhinolophus Rhinolophus NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 13 species specie NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 14 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 15 Hendra Hendra NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 16 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 17 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 18 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 19 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 20 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 248 21 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 249 1 most most RBS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 249 2 recently recently RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 249 3 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 249 4 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 249 5 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 249 6 have have VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 249 7 been be VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 249 8 shown show VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 249 9 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 249 10 have have VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 249 11 fruit fruit NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 249 12 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 249 13 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 249 14 hosts host NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 250 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 250 2 Chua Chua NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 250 3 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 250 4 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 250 5 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 251 1 2002 2002 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 251 2 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 251 3 Halpin Halpin NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 251 4 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 251 5 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 251 6 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 252 1 2000 2000 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 252 2 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 252 3 Leroy Leroy NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 252 4 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 252 5 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 252 6 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 252 7 2005 2005 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 1 ; ; : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 2 see see VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 3 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 4 chapters chapter NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 5 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 6 Field Field NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 7 et et FW cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 8 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 9 . . NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 10 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 11 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 12 Gonzalez Gonzalez NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 13 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 14 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 253 15 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 254 1 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 254 2 this this DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 254 3 volume volume NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 254 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 254 5 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 1 Bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 2 typically typically RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 3 respond respond VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 4 asymptomatically asymptomatically RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 5 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 6 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 7 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 8 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 9 display display VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 10 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 11 capacity capacity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 12 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 13 permit permit VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 14 persistent persistent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 15 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 16 infections infection NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 18 Sulkin Sulkin NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 19 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 20 Allen Allen NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 21 1974 1974 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 255 23 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 2 wide wide JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 3 distribution distribution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 4 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 5 abundant abundant JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 6 status status NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 8 one one CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 9 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 10 species species NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 11 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 12 five five CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 13 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 14 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 15 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 17 makes make VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 18 them -PRON- PRP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 19 prime prime JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 20 candidates candidate NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 21 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 22 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 23 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 24 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 25 which which WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 26 may may MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 27 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 28 like like IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 29 G2b G2b NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 30 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 31 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 32 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 33 jump jump VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 34 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 35 species species NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 36 barrier barrier NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 37 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 38 infect infect VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 39 humans human NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 40 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 41 other other JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 42 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 256 43 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 1 Information information NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 2 on on IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 3 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 4 ecology ecology NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 5 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 6 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 7 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 9 nature nature NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 10 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 12 response response NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 13 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 14 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 15 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 16 may may MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 17 not not RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 18 only only RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 19 be be VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 20 scientifically scientifically RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 21 interesting interesting JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 22 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 23 but but CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 24 may may MD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 25 also also RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 26 provide provide VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 27 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 28 information information NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 29 on on IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 30 how how WRB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 31 best good JJS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 32 to to TO cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 33 cope cope VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 34 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 35 further further JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 36 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 37 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 38 disease disease NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 39 caused cause VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 40 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 41 bat bat NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 42 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 43 borne bear VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 257 44 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 258 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 258 2 Calisher Calisher NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 258 3 et et NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 258 4 al al NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 258 5 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 258 6 2006 2006 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 258 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 258 8 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 259 1 Bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 259 2 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 259 3 important important JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 259 4 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 259 5 hosts host NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 259 6 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 259 7 emerging emerge VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 259 8 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 1 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 2 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 3 associated associate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 5 transmitted transmit VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 6 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 7 human human NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 8 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 9 pig pig NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 10 Zoonotic Zoonotic NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 11 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 12 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 13 wildlife wildlife NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 14 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 15 hither hither RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 16 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 17 yon yon NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 18 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 19 evolution evolution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 20 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 21 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 22 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 23 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 24 during during IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 25 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 26 course course NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 27 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 28 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 29 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 30 epidemic epidemic NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 31 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 32 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 33 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 34 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 35 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 36 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 37 recently recently RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 38 emergent emergent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 39 deadly deadly JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 40 paramyxovirus paramyxovirus JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 41 Isolation isolation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 42 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 43 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 44 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 45 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 46 Malaysian Malaysian NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 47 Island Island NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 48 flying flying NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 49 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 50 foxes fox NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 51 Identification identification NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 52 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 53 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 54 novel novel JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 55 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 56 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 57 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 58 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 59 sever sever VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 60 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 61 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 62 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 63 Aetiology aetiology NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 260 64 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 1 Koch Koch NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 2 's 's POS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 3 postulates postulate NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 4 fulfilled fulfil VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 5 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 7 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 8 Isolation isolation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 9 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 10 characterization characterization NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 11 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 12 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 13 related relate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 14 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 15 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 16 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 17 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 18 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 19 animals animal NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 20 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 21 southern southern JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 22 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 23 Isolation Isolation NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 24 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 25 Hendra Hendra NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 26 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 27 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 28 pteropid pteropid NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 29 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 30 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 31 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 32 natural natural JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 33 reservoir reservoir NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 34 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 35 Hendra Hendra NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 36 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 37 Coronaviridae Coronaviridae NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 38 : : : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 39 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 40 viruses virus NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 41 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 42 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 261 43 replication replication NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 262 1 The the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 262 2 ecology ecology NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 262 3 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 262 4 wildlife wildlife NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 262 5 diseases disease NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 2 evolution evolution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 3 analysis analysis NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 4 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 5 geographic geographic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 6 investigation investigation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 7 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 8 severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 9 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 10 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 11 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 13 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 14 like like JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 15 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 16 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 17 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 18 civets civet NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 19 at at IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 20 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 21 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 22 market market NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 23 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 24 on on IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 263 25 farms farm NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 1 A a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 2 novel novel JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 3 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 4 associated associate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 5 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 6 severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 7 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 8 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 9 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 10 Newly newly RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 11 discovered discover VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 13 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 14 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 15 primary primary JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 16 cause cause NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 17 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 18 severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 19 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 20 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 264 21 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 1 Severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 2 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 3 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 4 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 6 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 7 like like JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 8 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 9 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 10 Chinese chinese JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 11 horseshoe horseshoe NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 12 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 13 Fruit Fruit NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 14 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 15 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 16 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 17 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 18 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 19 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 20 Angiotensin angiotensin NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 21 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 22 converting convert VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 23 enzyme enzyme NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 24 2 2 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 25 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 26 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 27 functional functional JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 28 receptor receptor NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 29 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 30 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 31 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 32 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 33 Bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 34 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 35 natural natural JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 36 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 37 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 38 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 39 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 40 like like JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 265 41 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 1 Laboratory laboratory NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 2 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 3 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 4 four four CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 5 recent recent JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 6 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 7 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 8 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 9 community community NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 10 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 11 acquired acquire VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 12 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 13 Pathology Pathology NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 14 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 15 guinea guinea NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 16 pigs pig NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 17 experimentally experimentally RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 18 infected infect VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 19 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 20 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 21 novel novel JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 22 reovirus reovirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 23 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 24 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 25 isolated isolate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 26 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 27 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 28 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 29 Animal Animal NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 30 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 31 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 32 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 33 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 34 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 35 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 36 associated associate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 37 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 38 transmission transmission NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 266 39 ? ? . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 267 1 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 267 2 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 267 3 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 267 4 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 267 5 cats cat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 267 6 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 267 7 ferrets ferret NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 268 1 A a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 268 2 review review NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 268 3 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 268 4 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 268 5 global global JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 268 6 conservation conservation NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 268 7 status status NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 268 8 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 268 9 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 269 1 A a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 269 2 morbillivirus morbillivirus NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 269 3 that that WDT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 269 4 caused cause VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 269 5 fatal fatal JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 269 6 disease disease NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 269 7 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 269 8 horses horse NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 269 9 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 269 10 humans human NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 1 Possible possible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 2 role role NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 3 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 4 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 5 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 6 vector vector NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 7 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 8 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 9 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 10 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 11 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 12 Amoy Amoy NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 13 Gardens Gardens NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 14 Severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 15 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 16 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 17 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 18 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 19 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 20 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 21 possible possible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 22 cause cause NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 23 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 24 severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 25 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 26 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 27 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 28 Identification identification NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 29 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 30 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 31 novel novel JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 32 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 33 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 270 34 bats bat NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 1 Aged aged JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 2 balb balb NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 3 / / SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 4 c c NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 5 mice mouse NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 6 as as IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 7 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 8 model model NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 9 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 10 increased increase VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 11 severity severity NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 12 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 13 severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 14 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 16 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 17 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 18 elderly elderly JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 19 humans human NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 20 Characterization characterization NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 21 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 22 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 23 novel novel JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 24 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 25 associated associate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 26 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 27 severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 28 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 29 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 30 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 31 Superspreading Superspreading NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 32 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 271 33 events event NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 1 Beijing Beijing NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 2 Cross Cross NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 3 - - JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 4 host host JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 5 evolution evolution NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 6 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 7 severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 8 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 10 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 12 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 13 palm palm NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 14 civet civet NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 15 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 16 human human NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 17 Prior prior JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 18 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 19 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 20 passive passive JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 21 transfer transfer NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 22 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 23 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 24 antibody antibody NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 25 prevent prevent VB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 26 replication replication NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 27 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 28 severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 29 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 30 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 31 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 32 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 33 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 34 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 35 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 36 tract tract NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 37 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 38 mice mouse NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 39 Domestic domestic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 40 poultry poultry NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 41 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 42 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 43 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 44 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 45 southern southern JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 46 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 47 A a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 48 cluster cluster NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 49 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 50 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 51 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 52 severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 53 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 54 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 55 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 56 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 57 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 58 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 59 Identification Identification NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 60 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 61 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 62 new new JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 63 human human JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 64 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 65 Emerging emerge VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 66 paramyxoviruses paramyxoviruse VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 67 Susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 68 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 69 pigs pig NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 70 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 71 chickens chicken NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 72 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 73 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 74 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 75 Mice mouse NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 76 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 77 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 78 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 79 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 80 Summary Summary NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 81 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 82 probable probable JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 83 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 84 cases case NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 85 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 86 onset onset NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 87 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 88 illness illness NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 89 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 90 1 1 CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 91 Characterization characterization NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 92 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 93 complete complete JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 94 genome genome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 95 sequence sequence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 96 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 97 a a DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 98 novel novel JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 99 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 100 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 101 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 102 HKU1 HKU1 NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 103 , , , cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 104 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 105 patients patient NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 106 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 107 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 108 Civets Civets NNPS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 109 are be VBP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 110 equally equally RB cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 111 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 112 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 113 experimental experimental JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 114 infection infection NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 115 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 116 two two CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 117 different different JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 118 severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 119 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 120 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 121 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 272 122 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 273 1 isolates isolate VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 273 2 Epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 273 3 clues clue NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 273 4 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 273 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 273 6 origin origin NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 273 7 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 273 8 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 1 Evasion evasion NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 2 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 3 antibody antibody NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 4 neutralization neutralization NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 5 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 6 emerging emerge VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 7 severe severe JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 8 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 10 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 11 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 12 Prevalence prevalence NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 13 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 14 IgG igg NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 15 antibody antibody NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 16 to to IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 17 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 18 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 19 associated associate VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 20 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 21 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 22 animal animal NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 23 traders trader NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 24 - - : cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 25 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 274 26 Province Province NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 1 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 2 SARSrelated sarsrelate VBD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 3 virus virus NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 4 predating predate VBG cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 6 outbreak outbreak NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 7 Hong Hong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 8 Kong Kong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 9 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 10 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 11 cause cause NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 12 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 13 acute acute JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 15 syndrome syndrome NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 17 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 19 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 20 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 21 People People NNPS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 22 's 's POS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 23 Republic Republic NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 24 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 25 China China NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 26 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements NNPS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 27 Work Work NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 28 conducted conduct VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 29 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 30 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 31 authors author NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 32 ' ' POS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 33 group group NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 34 on on IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 35 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 36 identification identification NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 37 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 38 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 39 natural natural JJ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 40 reservoir reservoir NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 41 host host NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 42 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 43 SARS SARS NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 44 - - HYPH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 45 CoV CoV NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 46 is be VBZ cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 47 supported support VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 48 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 49 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 50 Australian Australian NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 51 Biosecurity Biosecurity NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 52 Cooperative Cooperative NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 53 Research Research NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 54 Centre Centre NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 55 for for IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 56 Emerging Emerging NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 57 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 58 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 60 Project Project NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 61 1.007R 1.007r CD cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 63 in in IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 64 collaboration collaboration NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 65 with with IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 66 research research NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 67 activities activity NNS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 68 supported support VBN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 69 by by IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 70 an an DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 71 NIH NIH NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 72 / / SYM cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 73 NSF NSF NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 74 " " `` cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 75 Ecology Ecology NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 76 of of IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 77 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 78 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 79 ' ' POS cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 80 ' ' '' cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 81 award award NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 82 ( ( -LRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 83 no no UH cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 84 . . . cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 85 R01-TW05869 r01-tw05869 NN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 86 ) ) -RRB- cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 87 from from IN cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 88 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 89 John John NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 90 E. E. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 91 Fogarty Fogarty NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 92 International International NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 93 Center Center NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 94 and and CC cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 95 the the DT cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 96 V. V. NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 97 Kann Kann NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 98 Rasmussen Rasmussen NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 99 Foundation Foundation NNP cord-349392-r71g2e9y 275 100 . . .