# pos

id: cord-306210-ny3vvu9h
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.economist.com/international/2020/09/26/the-pandemic-is-plunging-millionsback-into-extreme-poverty

lemma:
  https://www.economist.com/international/2020/09/26/the-pandemic-is-plunging-millionsback-into-extreme-poverty


id: cord-322913-sq9mq6f1
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.nih.gov/newsevents/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-investigationalvaccine-covid-19-begins

lemma:
  https://www.nih.gov/newsevents/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-investigationalvaccine-covid-19-begins


id: cord-317583-jhulvfev
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.information.dk/udland/2019/12/new-data-reveals-serious-problems-with-the-eus-officialpublic-opinion-polls

lemma:
  https://www.information.dk/udland/2019/12/new-data-reveals-serious-problems-with-the-eus-officialpublic-opinion-polls


# ent

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  Beatrix Grubeck Loebenstein Institute for Biomedical Aging Research Austrian Academy of Sciences Rennweg


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  cholesterol side chain cleavage A 5 3 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase A 5 4isomerase 3 3 HSD 21 hydroxylase and 11 3 hydroxylase activities 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


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entity:
  Ii 0 11 p 0 01 and symptoms of pain Ii 0 14 p 0 01 fatigue ji 0 34 p 0 001 and cognitive difficulties p 0 30 P 0 001 For the three dimensions of the IIRS multiple regression results revealed 1


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type: LAW
entity:
  The Collaborative Process to Achieve Access to Primary Health Care for Black Women and Women of Colour Project


id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet
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  Black Women and Women of Colour Women s Health in Women s Hands Community Health Centre Sistering Parkdale Community Health Centre Rexdale Community Health Centre


id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet
type: LAW
entity:
  P5 77 C Health and Livelihood Implications of Marginalization of Slum Dwellers in Provision of Water and Sanitation Services


id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet
type: DISEASE
entity:
  HIV Criminal justice system involvement was measured by arrest incarceration drug felony and loss denial of social services


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type: GPE
entity:
  the People s Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Database of Laws and Regulations Definition


id: cord-003244-abs3tc3r
type: LAW
entity:
  Different Epidemic Curves for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Reveal Similar Impacts of Control Measures Projecting


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entity:
  bone formation osteocalcin Oc procollagen 1 carboxyterminal peptide PICP bone alkaline phosphatase BALP


id: cord-015372-76xvzvdg
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  AST Alkaline phosphatase antinuclear factor ANF anti smooth muscle ASM and antimitochondrial AMA antibodies


id: cord-015372-76xvzvdg
type: GGP
entity:
  Cushing s disease Increased pressor sensitiwty to uoradrenaline may contribute to the elevated blood pressure seen in Cushing s disease Increased plasma homocysteine tHcy


id: cord-018449-4vdqq961
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Hints that Cometary Debris Played some Role in Several Tree Ring Dated Environmental Downturns in the Bronze Age


id: cord-018449-4vdqq961
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  the Late Bronze Age and Other Crisis Periods A Volcanic Cause Hints that Cometary Debris Played some Role in Several Tree Ring Dated Environmental Downturns in the Bronze Age Poseidon s Horses Plate Tectonics and Earthquake Storms in the


id: cord-018449-4vdqq961
type: DISEASE
entity:
  chickenpox oral infection pneumonia hemolytic disease enteropathies cholera typhoid dysentery tetanus hookworm mumps whooping cough


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type: PROTEIN
entity:
  cord 254339 djmibi3a authors Griette Quentin Magal Pierre Seydi Ousmane title Unreported Cases for Age Dependent COVID 19 Outbreak


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type: ORG
entity:
  National Heart Lung and Blood Institute National Institute of Health National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report


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type: ORG
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  the Committee on Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology Solid


id: cord-016301-vqmqnipq
type: DISEASE
entity:
  cardiovascular myocardial infarction congestive heart failure cerebrovascular accident intracranial hemorrhage


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type: DISEASE
entity:
  bone marrow involvement Epiphyseal plates distal femoral and proximal tibial remained open for the life span of the rats Ocular Lesions Lesions of the eye


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  Enhanced Protein Translation Underlies Improved Metabolic and Physical Adaptations to Different Exercise Training Modes


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  Redox Signaling Through Compartmentalization of Reactive Oxygen Species Implications for Health and Disease Redox


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  In Mice Regulation of MAVS Expression and Signaling Function in the Antiviral Innate Immune Response Mitochondria


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type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Cannabidiol Modulates the Immunophenotype and Inhibits the Activation of the Inflammasome in Human Gingival


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entity:
  The Lancet Frameworks for Proof of Concept Clinical Trials of Interventions That Target Fundamental Aging Processes


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Understanding the Cumulative Burden of Basic Needs Insecurities Associations With Health and Academic Achievement Among College Students Preconditioning


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Metformin Treatment Was Associated with Decreased Mortality Patients with Diabetes in a Retrospective Analysis Association


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
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entity:
  Remote Ischemic Perconditioning to Reduce Reperfusion Injury During Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction A Systematic Review


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
type: ORG
entity:
  Health Psychology Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology Childhood Asthma Prevention Study


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type: DNA
entity:
  AMERICANS 11 2 75 79 2 65 69 3 Alzheimer s 7 mothers 5 With caregiver 1 9 0 1 75 79 1 pace maker 1 father 3 independently 10 19 2 2 80 84 2 diabetes 1 husband 3 nursing homes 20 29 1 1 85 89 1 prostate cancer 1 daughter


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  Ventilator Triage Policies During the COVID 19 Pandemic at U S Hospitals Associated With Members of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors


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  CRH corticotropin releasing hormone ACTH adrenocorticotropin IL interleukin IFN interferon TNF tumor necrosis factor


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  Robust Modeling of Human Contact Networks Across Different Scales and Proximity Sensing Techniques Contact Patterns in a High School A Comparison between Data Collected Using Wearable Sensors Contact Diaries and Friendship Surveys Data


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entity:
  metabolic immunological neuroendocrine or oxidative stress 19 At a molecular level imbalance between the oxidant antioxidant pathways 19 could be explained by malfunction in inflammatory antiinflammatory homeostatic mechanisms which result


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type: PROTEIN
entity:
  Protein Kinase C J Lutewa J P Bressler R R Indurti L Belloni Olivi and G W Goldstein Baltimore M D Microvascular


id: cord-022659-chwk2bs4
type: GGP
entity:
  Alzheimer s disease AD We investigated 3 components of Disease learning and recall to determine which aspect of memory


id: cord-022659-chwk2bs4
type: GGP
entity:
  Parkinson s disease PD remain controversial We performed a double blind randomized study with 11 advanced PD patients 5 men 6 women aged 52 79 yr with entry criteria of inadequate response to LD plus dose limiting LD induced side effects dyskinesias hallucinations and confusion Subjects


id: cord-022659-chwk2bs4
type: GGP
entity:
  Parkinson s disease and 1 with essential tremor with refractory hand tremors underwent electromyographically guided intramuscular injections of BOTOX into wrist flexors and extensors Patients without great medication related tremor fluctuations


id: cord-022659-chwk2bs4
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Asymmetrical Effect of Unilateral Thalamotomy or Subthalamotomy on Tremor in Parkinson s Disease Nico Diedericb Christopber G


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type: PRODUCT
entity:
  Cerebral Music Processing A Comparison Study of Musically Trained and Naive Individuals Louis S Russo Jr Jachonville FL


id: cord-022659-chwk2bs4
type: DISEASE
entity:
  deficits in memory 3 40 p 0002 verbal p 28 p 0025 visuospatial p 51 p OOOl abstract reasoning p 31 p 0029 and attentional skills p 50 p 0001


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type: DNA
entity:
  dog and the cat Veterinary Epidemiolog Research 1 st ed France International Agency for Research on Cancer 1987 59 10 Rochlitz I Study of factors


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type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Role of Mitochondria in Inflammation From Cancer to Neurodegenerative Disorders Daily Fasting Improves Health and Survival in Male Mice Independent of Diet Composition and Calories


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  Cardiovascular Diseases Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging and Cancer Obesity Hypertension and Cardiac Dysfunction Novel Roles of Immunometabolism


id: cord-282839-3ii79g6j
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  alpha beta interferon response by mouse hepatitis virus at multiple levels The epidemiology and pathogenesis of


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  Annual Report of Notifiable Diseases Statistical Yearbook Prevalence and Risk Factors for Frailty among Community Dwelling Older People in China


id: cord-253182-s60vzf3q
type: ORG
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  the State Council Healthcare Reform Office National Health and Family Planning commission National Development Reform Commission Healthy China Action Plan


id: cord-253182-s60vzf3q
type: ORG
entity:
  the National Health Commission of the People s Republic of China National Health Commission of the People s Republic of China


id: cord-253182-s60vzf3q
type: ORG
entity:
  China National Health and Family Planning Commission National Basic Public Health Services Guideline Official


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entity:
  respiratory or gastrointestinal tract respectively Collection of the serum samples is also being carried out in our next studies


id: cord-306504-0wq7rc6s
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Generations in the Workplace An Exploratory Study with Administrative Assistants Joint Report on towards Age Friendly Work in Europe A Life Course Perspective on Work and Ageing


id: cord-306504-0wq7rc6s
type: ORG
entity:
  the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation APEC International Workshop on Adaptation Sustaining Work Participation Across the Life Course Supporting the Labor Force Participation


id: cord-009713-sxd4t2tz
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  amino acids plasma amino acids Carnitine Acylcarnitine Transferrin Glycoforms Mucopolysaccharidosis screen Ammonia


id: cord-323582-7y8pt72r
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entity:
  The Extent of Transmission of Novel Coronavirus Case Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID 19


id: cord-005646-xhx9pzhj
type: DNA
entity:
  SANCH S 1L AlL GO L VARAS K FOLGADO S GARCIA E P 1 C U LA FE Valencia Spain CASE REPORT The patient was a 2 year o d gift


id: cord-005646-xhx9pzhj
type: ORG
entity:
  Mayer Sagv Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Schneider Children s Hospital New Hyde Park NY


id: cord-005646-xhx9pzhj
type: DISEASE
entity:
  congenital heart disease ventricular septal defect _ other septal defects VSD atrioventricular AV canal Tetralogy of Fallot TOF


id: cord-340028-6oicmeam
type: DISEASE
entity:
  HIV positive individuals the prospect of a healthy life expectancy while on treatment to antiviral drugs


id: cord-296494-6kn4mr04
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  carboxypeptidase ACE2 Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme type 2 31 the homologue of ACE a dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase ACE


id: cord-296494-6kn4mr04
type: LAW
entity:
  First Case of COVID 19 Infection with Fulminant Myocarditis Complication Case Report and Insights An Experimental Model for Myocarditis and Congestive Heart Failure after Rabbit Coronavirus Infection Cardiomyocyte


id: cord-296494-6kn4mr04
type: ORG
entity:
  Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress A Critical Molecular Driver of Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disturbances


id: cord-309885-6sjxi2et
type: ORG
entity:
  Age Dependent Assessment of Genes Involved in Cellular Senescence Telomere and Mitochondrial Pathways


id: cord-315126-713k0b9u
type: ORG
entity:
  Industrial and Organizational Psychology Perspectives on Science and Practice Generationalism Problems


id: cord-329626-lsbny5to
type: GGP
entity:
  A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t Table 1 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 21 Table 2 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3


id: cord-329626-lsbny5to
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Structure of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale a Reinterpretation Positive Emotions


id: cord-331065-tzvkj2rm
type: DISEASE
entity:
  asthma chronic respiratory disease diabetes high blood pressure heart conditions kidney disease liver disease


id: cord-322704-0suc6pt6
type: ORG
entity:
  DB R A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing Austria R Foundation for Statistical Computing Countries


id: cord-280605-2i4gk7et
type: GGP
entity:
  Alzheimer s disease 219 rheumatoid arthritis 222 cardiovascular diseases 223 224 and cancer 225 among others Also recent studies propose that the activation of NFkB signaling pathways could be the main driver of these associations 226 227 228 229 Interestingly De Almeida et


id: cord-280605-2i4gk7et
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Unveiling the Role of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress on Age Related Cardiovascular Diseases NF kB Mediated Neuroinflammation


id: cord-280605-2i4gk7et
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Neuroprotective Effects of Endurance Exercise Against High Fat Diet Induced Hippocampal Neuroinflammation


id: cord-280605-2i4gk7et
type: DISEASE
entity:
  chronic obstructive pulmonary diseased human bronchial epithelial cells Acute respiratory distress syndrome


id: cord-305743-rnfn6opa
type: ORG
entity:
  Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Physical Capacity Disability and Self Rated Health Among Lifestyle Interventions for Elders LIFE Study Participants Sedentary


id: cord-305743-rnfn6opa
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Effect of Yoga on Balance and Fear of Falling in Older Adults Motivating Older Adults with Cancer


id: cord-305743-rnfn6opa
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium MoTrPAC Mapping the Dynamic Responses to Exercise Reducing Sedentary Behavior


id: cord-305743-rnfn6opa
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Interventions to Prevent Age Related Cognitive Decline Mild Cognitive Impairment and Clinical Alzheimer s Type Dementia Effects


id: cord-305743-rnfn6opa
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Locomotion and Posture in Older Adults Metformin and Aging A Review Discoveries of nicotinamide riboside


id: cord-305743-rnfn6opa
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Engaging Black Churches to Address Cancer Health Disparities Project CHURCH Front Public Health Counseling Psychologists and Behavioral Health Promoting Mental


id: cord-305743-rnfn6opa
type: DISEASE
entity:
  impairment of the communication between the nervous system and muscle Motor neurons innervate their axon terminals


id: cord-323227-ctsamv69
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy v1 Hierarchically Clustered Techniques Building an International Consensus for the Reporting of Behavior


id: cord-322913-sq9mq6f1
type: DISEASE
entity:
  Università degli Studi di Siena within the CRUI CARE Agreement This work was supported by Commission of the European Communities Horizon 2020 Framework Programme grant number 730964 TRANSVAC2 and Russian Ministry of Science and Education Agreement No 075 15 2020 808 Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest Consent for publication The authors are responsible for the correctness of the statements


id: cord-292024-ae7rauc6
type: ORG
entity:
  Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention


id: cord-288392-khjo6j8u
type: EVENT
entity:
  World Population Prospects The 2017 Revision Key Findings and Advance Tables United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs World Health Organization


id: cord-288392-khjo6j8u
type: ORG
entity:
  World Health Organisation A Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 2 World Health Organisation


id: cord-288392-khjo6j8u
type: ORG
entity:
  International Multi Site Study Connecting at Local Level Exploring Opportunities for Future Design of Technology to Support Social Connections


id: cord-288392-khjo6j8u
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Oxford Essential Quotations Lessons Learned from the History of Social Indicators Redefining Progress Disappointments


id: cord-317519-yhzv2yjs
type: ORG
entity:
  the Nathan Shock Center of Excellence for the Biology of Aging P30AG038072 NB American Federation for Aging Research SM


id: cord-309556-xv3413k1
type: GGP
entity:
  PARP1 CBR1 ACAT1 PDHB NDUFA9 MRPL27 PRDX3 MTCH2 ORMDL2 NDUFS3 A T P 1 B 1 A L G 5 N E U 1 P R I M 1 C E N P F H O O K 1 G C C 1 P I G O N A R S 2 A A R 2 A T P 6 V 1 A N D U F A F 1 A G P S N P C 2 P P T 1 N D U F B 9


id: cord-309556-xv3413k1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor Structure Function and Antigenicity of the SARS CoV 2 Spike Glycoprotein


id: cord-309556-xv3413k1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Lancet 0 Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019


id: cord-309556-xv3413k1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Alveolar Macrophages in the Resolution of Inflammation Tissue Repair and Tolerance to Infection Antibody


id: cord-309556-xv3413k1
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  N E U 1 P R I M 1 C E N P F H O O K 1 G C C 1 P I G O N A R S 2 A A R 2 A T P 6 V 1 A N D U F A F 1 A G P S N P C 2 P P T 1 N D U F B 9


id: cord-004894-75w35fkd
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  APC CSYMBOL colon tumours RR 0 58 95 CI 0 32 1 05 for the highest versus the lowest tertile of folate intake but positively associated with APC


id: cord-004894-75w35fkd
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  amino terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide ROC area 0 80 or electrocardiography ROC area 0 77 A CMR model


id: cord-004894-75w35fkd
type: ORG
entity:
  Disease High Risk Populations Growth and Development Public Health Strategies Translational Epidemiology Sessions


id: cord-004894-75w35fkd
type: ORG
entity:
  Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire Geriatric Depression Scale Activities of Daily Living ADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living


id: cord-356223-8qn164k5
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Home Monitoring of Age Related Macular Degeneration Real World Utility of the ForeseeHome Device for Detection of Neovascularization


id: cord-356223-8qn164k5
type: GPE
entity:
  the United States Age Related Macular Degeneration AMD Tables National Eye Institute National Institute 461


id: cord-325722-ixozph19
type: LAW
entity:
  Budget The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People s Republic of China


id: cord-325722-ixozph19
type: ORG
entity:
  Taiwan Principles of Microeconomics South Western Cengage Learning Special Topic Enquiry on Earnings Mobility School of Economics and Finance Social Mobility


id: cord-344653-to7571tw
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  ERA BMIS COVID 19 Pandemic and loneliness surveys This study used a cross sectional design to examine age differences in outcomes Expectations regarding aging We conducted independent samples t tests


id: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p
type: DNA
entity:
  human recombinant IL 18 binding protein J Clin Immunol 2019 39 Suppl 1 S1 S151 S69 maintenance SMARCAL1


id: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  CD3 687 570 2400 cells uL CD4 540 cells uL NK Cells 151 cells uL CD19 179 cells uL CD45RA 160 cells uL CD45RO 311 cells uL


id: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p
type: CELL_TYPE
entity:
  B and T cell lymphopenia CD19 89 cells μL CD3 567 cells μL CD4 345v CD 8 244 cells μL CD16 56 236 cells μL antigen


id: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  protein RING zinc finger RING type domain amino acids 168 283 NBR amino acids 387 461 HBR amino acids 531 763


id: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p
type: LAW
entity:
  protocol 16 I N139 A Case of Autoinflammatory Syndrome with Osteoporosis and Specific Antibody Deficiency Autoinflammatory


id: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p
type: ORG
entity:
  COPA Syndrome 1 Researcher Immunodeficiencies Research Unit National Institute of Pediatrics Mexico City 2


id: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p
type: ORG
entity:
  Texas USA 3 Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology Fungal Pathogenesis Section National Institute of Allergy and


id: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p
type: ORG
entity:
  the Institute for Genomic Medicine Nationwide Childrens Hospital 2 Genetic Counselor Division of Hematology Oncology BMT


id: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p
type: ORG
entity:
  the Division of Immunology Allergy Rheumatology and Dermatology Boston Children s Hospital Harvard Medical School


id: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p
type: DISEASE
entity:
  hemolytic uremic syndrome aHUS autoinflammatory disorders B cell disorders monogenic irritable bowel disease IBD


id: cord-324635-27q3nxte
type: GGP
entity:
  Rev Esp Quimioter DOI 10 37201 req 057 2020 sha 96acef8fc17006257afbfef2a7a40c9e19aaed75 doc_id 324635 cord_uid 27q3nxte Infection


id: cord-324635-27q3nxte
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  A Composite of Functional Status and Pneumonia Severity Index Improves the Prediction of Pneumonia Mortality in Older Patients Estimating the proportion of


id: cord-324635-27q3nxte
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Core Curriculum and Educaton Committee for the International Federation for Emergency Medicine Informe


id: cord-324635-27q3nxte
type: FAC
entity:
  Medidas de prevención de la trasmisión de organismos entre pacientes hospitalizados Higiene de manos


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  HOMA IR 5 3 2 4 p 0 034 vs 0 2 0 6 SBP 19 1 9 4 p 0 055 vs 1 3 4 2 and DBP 16 7 6 7 p 0 022 vs 1 2 2 4


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: GGP
entity:
  sex p 0 05 12 8 female vs 5 2 male age distribution p 0 05 14 8 75 84 vs 10 6 85 89 vs 6 7 90 and the presence of anti osteoporotic treatments p 0 001 All other measurements Barthel Index cognitive degree type of fracture ASA score and type of surgery did not show statistically significant differences P 05 Conclusion Patients


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: GGP
entity:
  V i n c e n z o M a l a f a r i n a 1 L e t i z i a S u e s c u n P u e r t a 2 A r a n t z a z u B i a i n U g a r t e 3 I ñ a k i A r t a z a A r t a b e 4


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: GGP
entity:
  Martín 5 1 S o p h i e G u y o n n e t 1 C a t h e r i n e T a k e d a 2 Philipe de Souto Barreto 3 Yves Rolland 1 Sandrine Andrieu 4 Bruno Vellas 1


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
entity:
  Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics School of Nursing University of Washington Seatlle USA Background Frailty


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
entity:
  the Departments of Internal Medicine and Neurology of the University Hospital of Araba Basque Country


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  2 1 Institutes of Innovation for Future Society Nagoya University Japan 2 Department of Community Health and Geriatrics Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan 3 Department of Business Administration Seijoh University


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
entity:
  the University of Tokyo School of Medicine Tokyo Japan 2 Department of Diagnostic Radiology Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
entity:
  Japan 3 Department of Geriatric Medicine International University of Health and Welfare Narita Chiba


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
entity:
  Department of Physiotherapy Sengkang General Hospital Singapore 4 Dietetics Sengkang General Hospital Singapore Background Cognitive


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
entity:
  Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Medical and Health Sciences Linköping University Linköping


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
entity:
  Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Juntendo University Inzai Chiba Japan Background Loquat Eriobotrya


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
entity:
  Vieira Fabrícia Costa Cavalcanti Department of Physical Therapy Florida International University Miami USA Background Integrating


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
entity:
  Belgium 2 Department of Geriatrics Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium 3 Drug Quality and Registration DruQuaR group


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
entity:
  Randomized Trials Network WHI Memory Study Cardiovascular Health Study Framingham Heart Study and Health and Retirement Study Disability


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Kashkosh 1 Irina Gringauz 1 Jonathan Weissmann 2 Gad Segal 3 4 Michael Swartzon 5 Abraham Adunsky 1 4 Dan Justo 1 4 1


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Ue 1 Inthira Roopsawang 1 Jansudaphan Boontham 2 Surinrat Baurangtheinthong 2 Yuwadee Phiboonleetrakun 2 1 Ramathibodi


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Martín 5 1 S o p h i e G u y o n n e t 1 C a t h e r i n e T a k e d a 2 Philipe de Souto Barreto 3 Yves Rolland 1 Sandrine


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  MPGN1 G Stringini E Malagnino F Emma Bambino Gesu Children s Hospital and Research Institute Department of Nephrology and Urology Rome Italy Serum creatinine values may vary considerably between normal subjects These variations are in part secondary


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  N Bresolin V Fernandes F Carvalho J Goes L Araujo M Simon G Gamborgi M Zanin Hospital Infantil Joana


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: DNA
entity:
  Al Midani 1 G Koffman 2 J John 2 S Stephen 2 S Suzanne 2 R Lord 2 1 Royal Free Hospital Transplantation London United Kingdom 2 Great


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  Na H exchanger NHE3 Na K ATPase Na K 2Clcotransporter BSC 1 Na Clcotransporter TSC epithelial sodium channel ENaC subunits


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  HMG CoA reductase HMG CoAR ACAT2 cholesterol 7a hydroxylase Ch7aH LDL receptor LDLR and IL 13 receptor subunits


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  HMG CoAR 0 25 0 08 vs 0 54 0 05 p 0 02 ACAT2 0 26 0 03 vs 0 43 0 04 p 0 009 Ch7aH 0 50 0 12 vs 1 08 0 10 p 0 004 LDLR 0 10 0 01 vs 0 15 0 02 p 0 02 and IL 13Ra2 0 003 0 002 vs 0 080 0 015 p 0 001 Conclusion The


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: GGP
entity:
  NT 381 92 vs 277 62 umol l respectively p 0 0001 and in OO than NT 336 72 vs 277 62 umol l respectively p 0 0001 Total cholesterol HDL LDL


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: GGP
entity:
  NT 12 75 3 47 vs 14 55 5 32 respectively p 0 05 Conclusions New onset EH in the youth is associated with overweight obesity higher serum UA and ED UA


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: GGP
entity:
  LDH r 2 0 40 p 0 0005 and with the bioimpedance analysis BIA measure of Resistance which is an index of body hydration In conclusion 1


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: GGP
entity:
  ACAT2 0 26 0 03 vs 0 43 0 04 p 0 009 Ch7aH 0 50 0 12 vs 1 08 0 10 p 0 004 LDLR 0 10 0 01 vs 0 15 0 02 p 0 02 and IL 13Ra2 0


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Applying Regenerative Medicine to Combat Organ Shortage Laboratory of Regenerative Nephrology Edmond


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Heart in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome Y Frishberg Shaare Zedek Medical Center Pediatric Nephrology


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Effect of Age Matching on the Duration of the Waiting Time A Rahmel M Slot J Smits Eurotransplant International Leiden


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  the Treatment of Peritonitis B A Warady Children s Mercy Hospital and Clinics Pediatrics Nephrology Kansas City United States


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: ORG
entity:
  Severe Henoch Schönlein Purpura Nephritis Treated with Longterm Immunosuppression M Shenoy M Bradbury L Lewis N


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: ORG
entity:
  University of Calgary Department of Pediatrics Calgary Canada 2 University of Calgary Department of Biochemistry


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: PRODUCT
entity:
  J Feber 1 P Geier 1 B Chaudry 1 H Wong 1 G Filler 2 1 Children s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Division of


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: EVENT
entity:
  A Filleron AL Adra Delenne L Ichay F Dalla Vale H Valette D Morin CHU Montpellier Pediatric Nephrology Montpellier France


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: ORG
entity:
  the Pediatric Nephrology Unit Department of Child Health School of Medicine Airlangga University Soetomo Hospital


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: ORG
entity:
  University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Institute of Pathology Belgrade Serbia 2 Institute of Mother and Child Health of Serbia Belgrade Serbia


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Levels in Profliferative Forms of Glomerulonephritis in Children Russian Federation 2 Research Centre for Child Health RAMS Department of Pathology


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: ORG
entity:
  Iran University of Medical Science Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome an Unsolved Case of Complement Dysregulation


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Heterogeneous Effect of ACEI Therapy in Children with Proteinuric Nephropathies B Kranz S Diepenbruck U Vester R Buescher A Wingen P Hoyer University


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: ORG
entity:
  Wang West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Department of Pediatrics Chengdu People s Republic of China Objective


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Effect of Corticosteroid Therapy on Bone Metabolism in Nephrotic Syndrome Background Nephropathic cystinosis


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: DISEASE
entity:
  dysplasia obstructive uropathy N 24 autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease ARPKD N 10 congenital nephrotic syndrome


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Derakhshan 2 D Derakhshan 2 M Fallahzadeh 2 Z Bazargani 3 M Basiratnia 4 1 Shiraz Organ Transplantation Center Nemazee Hospital Shiraz Nemazee


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Derakhshan 1 H Jalaeian 2 A Derakhshan 1 B Sabet 2 M Fallahzadeh Nemazee Hospital Shiraz Iran 2 Shiraz Organ Transplantation Center Nemazee Hospital Shiraz Iran


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  SY 704 P 214 FC 211 FC 846 P 206 FC 456 P Coutinho S 868 P Coviello D 333 P 223 FC Craig J 108 OP 556 P Cransberg K 214 FC 765 P 425 P Cristino S 672 P 39 FC 532


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  OP 859 P 679 P 303 SA 373 P 381 P Delucchi A 633 P 821 P 338 P 439 P 485 P 653 P 284 FC 599 P 20 FC Dinda A 756 P 325 P 695 P 607 P Dittrich K


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  OP SY Fitoz S 408 P 117 FC 798 P 470 P Fujita H 75 OP 441 P Fujita T 769 P 443 P Fukuhara D 816 P 171 OP 843 P 803 P 171 OP 189


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  OP 154 OP 104 OP 115 FC 385 P 665 P 765 P 734 P 749 P 643 P 18 MR 334 P 69 OP 471 P Kondo Y 29 FC 647 P 891


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  D 910 P Krylova Olefirenko A 825 P 616 P 582 P 746 P 260 SY 118 FC 340 P 544 P Kurayama R 185 OP 599 P 266 FC Lalatta F 177 OP 515 P 257 SY 354 P 160 OP 432 P Lau


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  OP 115 FC 758 P 420 P 23 FC 368 P Molnár Varga M 525 P 227 FC 279 FC 487 P Montini G 209 FC 774 P 523 P 74 OP 587 P 569 P Morimoto T 187 OP 364


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  OP 393 P 75 OP 338 P 257 SY 567 P Ostalska Nowicka D 522 P 621 P Otukesh H 477 P 322 P 710 P 543 P Ozen A 498 P 230 SY 308


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  OP 869 P Seeherunvong W 40 FC 887 P 185 OP 468 P Semama D 76 OP 748 P 470 P 656 P 657 P Shin YH 382 P 564 P 22 FC 372 P 416 P 519 P 652 P Siwiñska A 343 P 276 FC 154 OP 717 P Spasojevic B 612 P 647 P 910 P Spasojevic Dimitrijeva B


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  OP 652 P 154 OP 219 FC Urdaneta Carruyo E 551 P 872 P Urdaneta Contreras A 277 FC 572 P 587 P Valverde S 638 P 713 P Van


# url

id: cord-322913-sq9mq6f1
domain: www.nih.gov
url:
  http://www.nih.gov/newsevents/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-investigationalvaccine-covid-19-begins


id: cord-306210-ny3vvu9h
domain: www.economist.com
url:
  http://www.economist.com/international/2020/09/26/the-pandemic-is-plunging-millionsback-into-extreme-poverty


id: cord-317583-jhulvfev
domain: www.information.dk
url:
  http://www.information.dk/udland/2019/12/new-data-reveals-serious-problems-with-the-eus-officialpublic-opinion-polls


# bib

id: cord-002005-35c6mak0
author: Parker, Philip D.
date: 2016-02-08
txt: ./txt/cord-002005-35c6mak0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-002005-35c6mak0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4819495/
doi: 10.1037/dev0000092
summary:
  Harmonizing 4 longitudinal cohorts of Australian youth (N = 38,017), we estimate the impact of the GFC on 1 general and 11 domain specific measures of wellbeing at age 19 and 22. As noted above, there is some evidence to suggest that social wellbeing and optimism for the future is particularly at risk during economic hard times (Clark & Heath, 2014; Elder, 1999; Lau et al., 2008) , yet research in this area has been relatively limited in the number of domains explored. The nature of the LSAY data, four birth cohorts measured roughly three years apart, allows us to compare the influence of the GFC at two distinct ages in the post high-school transition period (i.e., age 19 and 22). We were able to overcome limitations in previous research via the use of multiple cohorts of longitudinal data to explore the influence of the GFC at two different ages in one general and 11 domain specific measures of wellbeing.

title:
  What Effect Did the Global Financial Crisis Have Upon Youth Wellbeing? Evidence From Four Australian Cohorts

abstract:
  Recent research has suggested significant negative effects of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) on mental health and wellbeing. In this article, the authors suggest that the developmental period of late adolescence may be at particular risk of economic downturns. Harmonizing 4 longitudinal cohorts of Australian youth (N = 38,017), we estimate the impact of the GFC on 1 general and 11 domain specific measures of wellbeing at age 19 and 22. Significant differences in wellbeing in most life domains were found, suggesting that wellbeing is susceptible to economic shocks. Given that the GFC in Australia was relatively mild, the finding of clear negative effects across 2 ages is of international concern.


id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet
title: Section II: Poster Sessions
author: nan
date: 2017-12-01
txt: ./txt/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711696/
doi: 10.1093/jurban/jti137
abstract: nan
summary:
  Results: The CHIP Framework The CHIP framework aims to improve the health and wellness of the urban communities served by St. Josephs Health Centre through four intersecting pillars: • Raising Community Voices provides an infrastructure and process that supports community stakeholder input into health care service planning, decision-making, and delivery by the hospital and across the continuum of care; • Sharing Reciprocal Capacity promotes healthy communities through the sharing of our intellectual and physical capacity with our community partners; • Cultivating Integration Initiatives facilitates vertical, horizontal, and intersectoral integration initiatives in support of community-identified needs and gaps; and • Facilitating Healthy Exchange develops best practices in community integration through community-based research, and facilitates community voice in informing public policy.


id: cord-003244-abs3tc3r
title: Monitoring the age-specificity of measles transmissions during 2009-2016 in Southern China
author: Chong, Ka Chun
date: 2018-10-08
txt: ./txt/cord-003244-abs3tc3r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-003244-abs3tc3r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6175510/
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205339
summary:
  In 1978, the national Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in China started to implement a standard schedule for the routine administration of one dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) among children between 8 and 24 months of age. In the present study, we compared the age-specific R of measles infections between different age groups by using laboratory and clinically confirmed data collected from 2009 to 2016. The R values estimated for children aged 7-15 years were low across the study period in general, even though the values also increased since 2012, indicating that primary and secondary school students had a limited contribution to measles transmissions. In this study, we compared the age-specific R of measles infections between different age groups, using laboratory and clinically confirmed data from 2009 to 2016 for Guangdong Province.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Despite several immunization efforts, China saw a resurgence of measles in 2012. Monitoring of transmissions of individuals from different age groups could offer information that would be valuable for planning adequate disease control strategies. We compared the age-specific effective reproductive numbers (R) of measles during 2009–2016 in Guangdong, China. METHODS: We estimated the age-specific R values for 7 age groups: 0–8 months, 9–18 months, 19 months to 6 years, 7–15 years, 16–25 years, 26–45 years, and ≥46 years adapting the contact matrix of China. The daily numbers of laboratory and clinically confirmed cases reported to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong were used. RESULTS: The peak R values of the entire population were above unity from 2012 to 2016, indicating the persistence of measles in the population. In general, children aged 0–6 years and adults aged 26–45 years had larger values of R when comparing with other age groups after 2012. While the peaks of R values for children aged 0–6 years dropped steadily after 2013, the peaks of R values for adults aged 26–45 years kept at a high range every year. CONCLUSIONS: Although the provincial supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) conducted in 2009 and 2010 were able to reduce the transmissions from 2009 to 2011, larger values of R for children aged 0–6 years were observed after 2012, indicating that the benefits of the SIAs were short-lived. In addition, the transmissions from adults aged between 26 and 45 years increased over time. Disease control strategies should target children and adult groups that carry high potential for measles transmission.


id: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p
title: 2019 CIS Annual Meeting: Immune Deficiency & Dysregulation North American Conference
author: nan
date: 2019-02-26
txt: ./txt/cord-004675-n8mlxe7p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-004675-n8mlxe7p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7086569/
doi: 10.1007/s10875-019-00597-5
abstract: nan
summary:
  However, the mean infusion rate per site was similar between patients aged <18 years ( XMEN disease (X-linked Immunodeficency with Magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection and Neoplasia) is a primary immune deficiency caused by mutations in MAGT1 and characterized by chronic infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), EBV-driven lymphoma, CD4 T-cell lymphopenia, and dysgammaglobulinemia. We present the case of a 1-year old Hispanic infant with a pathogenic variant in MAGT1 gene that clinically manifested with early Pneumocystis jirovecii and cytomegalovirus (CMV) interstitial pneumonia, and EBV chronic infection with good response to intravenous immunoglobulins supplementation without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or gene therapy. Chief, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, IDGS, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA Hypomorphic Recombination Activating Gene 1 (RAG1) mutations result in residual T-and B-cell development in both humans and mice and have been found in patients presenting with delayed-onset combined immune deficiency with granulomas and/or autoimmunity (CID-G/AI).


id: cord-004894-75w35fkd
title: Abstract
author: nan
date: 2006-06-14
txt: ./txt/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087564/
doi: 10.1007/s10654-006-9021-1
abstract: nan
summary:
  The unadjusted median (25-75% percentile) sperm concentration in the non-exposed group (n = 90) is 49 (23-86) mill/ml compared to 33 (12-63) mill/ml among men exposed to >19 cigarettes per day in fetal life (n = 26 Aim: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and their effects in physical activity (PA) levels of Portuguese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. Objectives: a) To estimate the sex-and age-adjusted annual rate of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) (per 100 person-years [%py]) among the HCWs, as indicated by tuberculin skin test conversion (TST) conversion, b) to identify occupational factors associated with significant variations in the ARTI, c) to investigate the efficacy of the regional preventive guidelines. Objectives: We assessed the total burden of adverse events (AE), and determined treatment-related risk factors for the development of various AEs. Methods: The study cohort included 1362 5-year survivors, treated in the Emma Childrens Hospital AMC in the Netherlands between 1966-1996.


id: cord-005097-6xkx9a56
title: Immunizations in the elderly: do they live up to their promise?
author: Herndler-Brandstetter, Dietmar
date: 2006
txt: ./txt/cord-005097-6xkx9a56.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-005097-6xkx9a56.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088340/
doi: 10.1007/s10354-006-0267-8
summary:
  The present article aims at outlining the impact of infectious diseases on the elderly and summarizing the progress made in the field of vaccinations of the elderly and how age-related changes within the immune system contribute to the decreased efficacy of vaccines. The following paragraphs will now deal with the most important infectious diseases that threaten the elderly population and will present data on their occurrence, vaccine availability and efficacy, vaccination coverage and current health authority recommendations. This live-attenuated VZV vaccine, which is 14-times more potent than the currently available vaccines that prevent chickenpox, has specifically been developed to protect the reactivation of herpes zoster in elderly people [28, 29] . The frequent occurrence and severity of infectious diseases seen in the elderly is mostly related to an age-related decline in the functions of the immune system that also negatively influences the production of protective antibody levels after vaccination.

abstract:
  In the 21st century, public health is not only challenged by newly emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases but also by demographic developments that are taking place in many countries. Importantly, infections in the elderly are more frequent, more severe and have distinct features with respect to clinical presentation and treatment. This is due to a decline in the functions of the immune system referred to as immunosenescence. The most important age-related changes affect the T cell system. Although this derogates the protective effect of some vaccines, vaccinations are still considered the most cost-effective medical procedure for preventing morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases. The present article aims at outlining the impact of infectious diseases on the elderly and summarizing the progress made in the field of vaccinations of the elderly and how age-related changes within the immune system contribute to the decreased efficacy of vaccines.


id: cord-005646-xhx9pzhj
author: nan
date: 1996
txt: ./txt/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095092/
doi: 10.1007/bf02316512
abstract: nan
summary:
  Aims and methods The aim of both a prospective and retrospective survey conducted in German pediatric intensive care units in 1993 was to accumulate data on the epidemiology, risk factors, natural history and treatment strategies in a large group of pediatric ARDS patients who were treated in the tt~ee year period from 1991 to 1993.All patients had acute bilateral alveolar infiltration of noncardiogenic origin and a pO2~iO2 ratio < 150mmHg. The influence of sex, underlying disease and single organ failure was analyzed using the Fischer''s exact test, the influence of additional organ failure on mortality was tested with the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszet statistics.

title:
  2nd World Congress on Pediatric Intensive Care 1996 Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 23–26 June 1996 Abstracts of Oral Presentations, Posters and Nursing Programme


id: cord-007084-4niom5mw
author: POPPLEWELL, PHILIP Y.
date: 1987-06-01
txt: ./txt/cord-007084-4niom5mw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-007084-4niom5mw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7108490/
doi: 10.1210/endo-120-6-2521
summary:
  Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme activity, the rate-limiting enzyme in corticosterone biosynthesis, was measured in adrenal mitochondria isolated from 2-, 12-, and 18-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Under basal conditions (without 25-hydroxycholesterol), cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity (expressed as nanomoles of pregnenolone produced per min mg protein" 1 ) increased (P < 0.001) from a mean (±SE) of 0.43 ± 0.06 in 2-month-old rats to 1.26 ± 0.11 and 1.51 ± 0.06 in the 12-and 18-month-old rats, respectively. Accordingly, we measured cholesterol side-chain cleavage, 3/3-HSD, 21-hydroxylase, 11/3-hydroxylase activities, and cytochrome P450 contents in appropriate mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of adrenals from 2-, 12-, and 18-month-old rats. Results of the present study also suggest that the decline in steroidogenesis observed in adrenocortical cells isolated from senescent rats is not related to a reduction in cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity or other steroidogenic responses, as measured in vitro in isolated subcellular components.

title:
  The Influence of Age on Steroidogenic Enzyme Activities of the Rat Adrenal Gland: Enhanced Expression of Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Activity(*)

abstract:
  The ability of isolated adrenocortical cells to secrete corticosterone in response to ACTH challenge declines as rats age, but the site or mechanism(s) of this impairment is still unknown. To test the functionality of steroidogenic capacity per se, we measured the key enzyme activities involved in corticosterone biosynthesis. We also measured the mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 content and nonsteroidogenic enzymes specific for subcellular fractions. Mitochondria and microsomal fractions were isolated from the adrenals of 2-, 12-, and 18- month-old animals and used for various enzyme measurements. Mitochondrial side-chain cleavage enzyme activity (nanomoles per min mg protein(-1)) increased from a mean of 0.43 ± 0.06 in 2-month-old rats to 1.26 ± 0.11 and 1.51 ± 0.06 in 12- and 18-month old rats, respectively. After incubation with 5- cholesten-3j8,25-diol (25-hydroxycholesterol; 25 μg/ml) sidechain cleave activity rose to 5.0 ± 0.6, 12.4 ± 1.2, and 16 ± 1.4 nmol min(-1) mg protein(-1) in adrenal mitochondrial fractions from 2-, 12-, and 18-month-old rats, respectively. In contrast, mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 content did not vary with advancing age. Microsomal δ(5)-3β-hyroxysteroid dehydrogenase-δ(5)-δ(4)- isomerase activities were similar in 2- and 12-month-old rats, but 21-hydroxylase (nanomoles per min mg protein(-1)) activity was significantly increased in 12-month-old rats (2-month-old, 5.2 ± 0.2; 12-month-old, 7.7 ± 0.5). Finally, mitochondrial 11β- hydroxylase was comparable in both age groups. In addition, activities of mitochondrial nonsteroidogenic enzymes, such as monoamine oxidase, amytal insensitive NADH cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome c oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase, did not change with age. It appears from the evidence presented that the activities of the steroidogenic enzymes are not responsible for the diminished capacity in corticosterone production seen with aging in the rat. (Endocrinology120: 2521–2528,1987)


id: cord-007088-yfdb594k
title: Pathological Changes During Aging in, Barrier-Reared Fischer 344 Male Rats(1)
author: Coleman, Gerald L.
date: 1977-05-17
txt: ./txt/cord-007088-yfdb594k.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-007088-yfdb594k.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7108513/
doi: 10.1093/geronj/32.3.258
summary:
  The most severe pulmonary lesion was a mild focal atypical hyperplasia (Innes, Garner, & Stookey, 1967) which occurred in a few rats over 24 mo of age. Mild to moderate focal chronic interstitial myocarditis occurred frequently in rats less than 6 mo old and then decreased in incidence with increasing age. These two lesions were not always coincidental, but one or both appeared to be the predecessor of interstitial fibrosis, >vhich was first seen at 6 to 12 mo, and increased in incidence and degree with age. The most frequent lesion was bile duct hyperplasia, which increased in incidence and severity with age. A wide variety of pathology was found and tabulated, and many lesions were found to increase in severity and incidence with age. A wide variety of pathology was found and tabulated, and many lesions were found to increase in severity and incidence with age.

abstract:
  Pathology, microbiology, and selected serum chemistries were evaluated in 144 male Fischer rats from 4 to 33 mo of age. The rats were reared and maintained under barrier conditions, which successfully excluded the introduction of major infectious disease agents throughout the entire study, including Mycoplasma pulmonis. A wide variety of pathology was found and tabulated, and many lesions were found to increase in severity and incidence with age. There was a high correlation of renal disease severity with increasing age. Serum total protein and albumin decreased with age, while alpha-1 globulin and cholesterol increased.


id: cord-007303-wuuhlowd
title: The Finnish Pension System and Its Future Challenges
author: Valkonen, Tarmo
date: 2020-04-01
txt: ./txt/cord-007303-wuuhlowd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-007303-wuuhlowd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7110267/
doi: 10.1007/s10272-020-0877-1
summary:
  The negative experiences of war-time infl ation and political resistance led to the 1957 pension reform that included abandonment of pre-funding, equalisation of pensions, introduction of income-and wealth-tested The Finnish pension system has succeeded in gaining high social, and reasonable fi nancial sustainability. The balance between reaching the ambitious redistribution goals and minimising labour supply distortions is achieved with tax-fi nanced, income tested basic pensions, income-tested basic pensions and a strong link between wage income and accrued pensions for middle-and high-income workers in the earnings-related schemes. By law, the earnings-related pension scheme follows the defi ned benefi t rule, where contribution rates adjust to shocks that weaken the contribution base or increase expenditures. Key elements were the harmonisation of the benefi t rules of different earnings-related schemes, a tighter link between earned income and accruals, introduction of fl exible old age retirement, gradual abolishment of several early retirement schemes and the introduction of a link between life expectancy of the retiring cohort and the pensions.

abstract:
  A specific feature in the Finnish pension system is rule-based preparation for mortality change. The earned pension capital is adjusted to life expectancy and the lowest age limit of the flexible retirement age will be adapted so that the ratio of expected years in employment and retirement is fixed after year 2030.


id: cord-009713-sxd4t2tz
title: Poster Presentations
author: nan
date: 2020-01-10
txt: ./txt/cord-009713-sxd4t2tz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-009713-sxd4t2tz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7163607/
doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14411
abstract: nan
summary:
  Poster No. 010 Seizure, developmental and cognitive outcomes in children post hemispherotomy TT TAY 1 , DR REED 2 , VJ JOSAN 3 , SR RUST 4 , JT TAN 5 1 University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 2 Neuropsychology Team, Paediatric Psychosocial Service, Royal Manchester Children''s Hospital, Manchester, UK; 3 Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation, Manchester, UK; 4 Paediatric Neuropsychology, Royal Manchester Children''s Hospital, Manchester, UK; 5 Paediatric Neurology, Royal Manchester Children''s Hospital, Manchester, UK Introduction: Patients with focal refractory epilepsy secondary to structural hemispheric changes have been shown in retrospective studies to have significantly improved seizure outcomes following hemispheric disconnection. In a univariate analysis of 682 cases with ≥12 months follow-up data, poor final outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 3-6) occurred in 30% and was associated with very young or elderly age at onset, movement disorder, decreased consciousness, autonomic dysfunction, mechanical ventilation, higher mRS score in the acute phase, longer hospital stay, extreme delta brush on EEG, abnormal MRI, CSF pleocytosis and elevated CSF protein (all p<0.05).


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
title: Poster
author: nan
date: 2020-03-11
txt: ./txt/cord-011062-ukz4hnmy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011062-ukz4hnmy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223455/
doi: 10.14283/jfa.2020.9
abstract: nan
summary:
  Ming-Yueh Chou 1,3 , Ying-Hsin Hsu 1 , Yu-Chun Wang 1 , Chih-Kuang Liang 1,3 , Li-Ning Peng 2,4 , Liang-Kung Chen 2,4 , Yu-Te Lin 1 ((1) Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; (2) Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; (3) Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; (4) Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan) Background: Older people with frailty are at risk of adverse outcomes, such as falls, functional decline and mortality, and multi-domain intervention program may prevent those. Conclusion: Our study showed that a multicomponent exercise program is effective for posthospitalization patients because after 24-week intervention there were significant reductions in frailty and improving results in muscle strength and physical performance. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 757 communitydwelling older adults who completed multi-domain geriatric screen assessing for social vulnerability, mood, cognition, functional performance, nutrition, physical frailty (FRAIL) and sarcopenia (SARC-F).


id: cord-015324-y44sfr0c
title: Scientific Programme
author: nan
date: 2007-09-01
txt: ./txt/cord-015324-y44sfr0c.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-015324-y44sfr0c.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7101932/
doi: 10.1007/s00467-007-0558-3
abstract: nan
summary:
  In order to further validate this approach, we performed a prospective randomized open-label multicenter trial in 41 low-risk pediatric renal transplant recipients (12 f, 29 m; mean age 10.1 yrs; range, 3.4 to 17.8) on CsA (target trough level 100-200 ng/ml), MMF (1200 mg/m 2 per day) and methylprednisolone (3) (4) mg/m 2 per day), who were randomly assigned >1 year posttransplant to continue steroids or to withdraw over a period of 3 months. We evaluated MMF in 15 children with LN, 11 F/4 M, mean age: 12.4±3.9 yrs, proteinuria >3 g/day, decreased C3 and increased anti-dsDNA serum levels, normal renal function. Patients and methods: 91 children and adolescents (60 male, 31 female, mean age at transplantation 9.7±5.2 years) with stable renal function and observation period exceeding 6 months were included.


id: cord-015372-76xvzvdg
title: National scientific medical meeting 1996 abstracts
author: nan
date: 1996
txt: ./txt/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103226/
doi: 10.1007/bf02945204
abstract: nan
summary:
  One, two and five-year survival rates were examined; age at diagnosis and lesion type were extremely significant factors in relation to patient outcome. Patients'' age, sex, risk group, CDC stage, CD4 count, indication for therapy, complication rate and response to treatment are described. Fifty-eight patients (34 male, 24 female) ranging in age from 15 to 65 years (Mean + SD = 28.4 + 10.8) were included in the study. Among these 48 patients (mean age 68.0+12.7), after controlling for age and for the duration and continuity of subsequent antipsychotic treatment, increasing duration of initially untreated psychosis was associated with greater severity of negative symptoms (p<0.005) and with lower scores on the MMSE (p<0.05) but not with executive dysfunction on the EXIT (p=0.3). Conclusion Although not a population based study, care of IDDM in Ireland is almost totally hospital clinic based Cigarette smoking is identified as the major problem to be addressed Patients with diabetes meltitus (DM) are at a higher risk of developing vascular complications, including coronary artery disease (CAD).


id: cord-016301-vqmqnipq
title: Elderly Transplant Recipients
author: Winnick, Aaron M.
date: 2011-01-25
txt: ./txt/cord-016301-vqmqnipq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016301-vqmqnipq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120546/
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6999-6_98
summary:
  Current success in transplanting kidneys into older recipients has quieted misconceptions within medical communities and the general public, among them the erroneous belief that advanced age alone prevents a successful surgical outcome, that the elderly patient with ESRD has a very limited life expectancy, and thus cannot receive a transplant, and that older recipients have poor results based upon outdated information from the previous era of transplantation and immunosuppression. While ECD kidneys carry a relative risk of graft failure greater than 1.7 compared to a reference group of donors aged 10-39 years without any of the above three conditions, elderly recipients of ECD kidneys were found to have a survival benefit compared with waiting-list candidates (RR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.65-0.86; p < 0.0001) [8] . One study evaluated 91 transplant recipients over the age of 60 over a 13-year span and reported a 10-year patient survival of 35% in the elderly group and 60% in the younger patients ( p < 0.05).

abstract:
  While the total number of organs transplanted in this country has increased over the years, there is still an ever-widening gap between the need for organs and our capacity to meet that need as the overall waiting list continues to grow. This is due in part to significant advances in transplant techniques and outcomes such that Americans with organ failure now seek transplants in greater numbers. Additionally, life-expectancy gains in the United States are creating an aging population who are more likely to suffer organ failure than younger Americans. The national transplant waiting list has continued to shift toward older candidates. The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) reported that at the end of 2007, 59.7% of all 97,248 candidates on the waiting list for all organs were 50 years old or older, and 14.9% were 65 years or older. These percentages are substantially higher than they were in 1998 (41.5 and 8.1%, respectively) [1].


id: cord-016903-z2vqfq98
title: The Efficacy of Vaccines to Prevent Infectious Diseases in the Elderly
author: Herndler-Brandstetter, Dietmar
date: 2007
txt: ./txt/cord-016903-z2vqfq98.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016903-z2vqfq98.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121339/
doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-76842-7_10
summary:
  For instance, influenza, invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, urinary tract and skin infections have a higher prevalence in elderly persons," Old individuals may also fail to respond sufficiently to therapy and frequently suffer from opportunistic infections, recurrent infections with the same pathogen or reactivation oflatent diseases, such as those caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or the Varicella zoster virus. This may lead to an increased morbidity and mortality and to a spreading ofthe disease, in particular within institutionalized elderly persons.P Further difficulties include the increased emergence of new, multiple drug-resistant strains with higher rransmissibiliry," the poor efficacy of the current bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine in protecting adults and elderly people from pulmonary Infection" and the increased risk ofTB co-infection in HIV positive patients." However, in the past few years, several TB vaccine candidates have entered phase I clinical trials, including adjuvanted subunit vaccines as well as improved live recombinant strains of the current BCG vaccine (Table 1 ).

abstract:
  Infectious diseases still represent a major challenge to human progress and survival. Especially elderly persons are more frequently and severely affected by infectious diseases and they display distinct features with respect to clinical presentation and treatment. Although vaccinations are considered a vital medical procedure for preventing morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases, the protective effect of vaccinations is abrogated in elderly persons. This is due to a decline in the functions of the immune system referred to as immunosenescence. The first part of this chapter will therefore summarize the status quo of the efficacy of vaccines in preventing morbidity and mortality caused by typical infectious diseases in the elderly, such as influenza, pneumonia and tuberculosis. The second part will then elucidate the underlying age-related mechanisms which may contribute to the decreased efficacy of vaccines. Based on the complex mechanisms involved in immunosenescence, strategies will be outlined which may be succesfful in enhancing protective immune responses following vaccination in elderly persons.


id: cord-017916-wh708hes
author: Mocchegiani, Eugenio
date: 2008-08-04
txt: ./txt/cord-017916-wh708hes.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-017916-wh708hes.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122608/
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9063-9_66
summary:
  Some nutritional factors (zinc and selenium) may remodel these changes leading to a possible escaping of diseases with subsequent healthy ageing, because they are especially involved in improving immune functions as well as antioxidant defense. Therefore, the interrelationships between zinc and MT is crucial in maintaining the immune response especially in ageing where the production of proinflammatory cytokines is chronic leading to a constant presence of inflammatory status coupled with low intracellular zinc ion bioavailability (Mocchegiani et al. All these "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies in ageing, some age-related diseases, and syndrome of accelerated ageing (nude mice, nTx mice, Down''s Syndrome) demonstrate the pivotal role played by zinc supplementation in maintaining or improving global immune response and in fighting the oxidative stress, strengthen by findings observed in human centenarians.

title:
  Role of Zinc and Selenium in Oxidative Stress and Immunosenescence: Implications for Healthy Ageing and Longevity

abstract:
  Ageing is an inevitable biological process with gradual and spontaneous biochemical and physiological changes and increased susceptibility to diseases. Some nutritional factors (zinc and selenium) may remodel these changes leading to a possible escaping of diseases with subsequent healthy ageing, because they are especially involved in improving immune functions as well as antioxidant defense. Experiments performed “in vitro” (human lymphocytes exposed to endotoxins) and “in vivo” (old mice or young mice fed with low zinc dietary intake) show that zinc is important for immune response both innate and adoptive. Selenium provokes zinc release by Metallothioneins (MT), via reduction of glutathione peroxidase. This fact is crucial in ageing because high MT may be unable to release zinc with subsequent low intracellular free zinc ion availability for immune response. Taking into account the existence of zinc transporters (ZnT and ZIP family) for cellular zinc efflux and influx, respectively, the association between ZnT and MT is important in maintaining satisfactory intracellular zinc homeostasis in ageing. Improved immune performance occur in elderly after physiological zinc supplementation, which also induces prolonged survival in old, nude and neonatal thymectomized mice. The association “zinc plus selenium” improves humoral immunity in old subjects after influenza vaccination. Therefore, zinc and selenium are relevant for immunosenescence in order to achieve healthy ageing and longevity.


id: cord-018387-ci5wx26t
title: Aging, Immunity, and Neuroinflammation: The Modulatory Potential of Nutrition
author: Di Benedetto, Svetlana
date: 2019-07-31
txt: ./txt/cord-018387-ci5wx26t.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018387-ci5wx26t.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123246/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-16073-9_14
summary:
  Several lifestyle strategies, such as intervening to provide an adequate diet and physical and mental activity, have been shown to result in improved immune and neuroprotective functions, a decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation, and a potential increase in individual longevity. Thus, zinc deficiency may adversely affect the immunological status, increase oxidative stress, lead to the generation of inflammatory cytokines, and influence the progression of many chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurological disorders, autoimmune diseases, age-related degenerative diseases, and various malignancies [5] . It has been suggested that aging is associated with chronic innate immune activation and significant changes in the functions of monocytes and macrophages, which may have implications for increased low-grade chronic inflammation and for the development of age-related diseases [61] . Evidence that long-term behavioral changes, including nutritional intervention and reduced energy intake together with physical activity, may prevent, improve, or even reverse age-related impairments in immune function continues to accumulate [2] .

abstract:
  Aging influences an organism’s entire physiology, affecting functions at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels and increasing susceptibility to many major chronic diseases. The changes in the immune system that accompany human aging are very complex and are generally referred to as immunosenescence. The factors and mechanisms of immunosenescence are multiple and include, among others, defects in the bone marrow, thymic involution, and intrinsic defects in the formation, maturation, homeostasis, and migration of peripheral lymphocytes. Aging affects both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The process of aging is commonly accompanied by low-grade inflammation thought to contribute to neuroinflammation and to many age-related diseases. Numerous attempts to define the role of chronic inflammation in aging have implicated chronic oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, immunosenescence, epigenetic modifications, and other phenomena. Several lifestyle strategies, such as intervening to provide an adequate diet and physical and mental activity, have been shown to result in improved immune and neuroprotective functions, a decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation, and a potential increase in individual longevity. The studies published thus far describe a critical role for nutrition in maintaining the immune response of the aged, but they also indicate the need for a more in-depth, holistic approach to determining the optimal nutritional and behavioral strategies that would maintain immune and other physiological systems in elderly people. In this chapter, we focus first on the age-related changes of the immune system. Further, we discuss possible deleterious influences of immunosenescence and low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) on neurodegenerative processes in the normally aging brain. Finally, we consider our current understanding of the modulatory potential of nutrition that may mediate anti-inflammatory effects and thus positively affect immunity and the aging brain.


id: cord-018449-4vdqq961
title: How Disease Affected the End of the Bronze Age
author: Norrie, Philip
date: 2016-06-26
txt: ./txt/cord-018449-4vdqq961.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018449-4vdqq961.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123324/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28937-3_5
summary:
  These are the real reason that the end of the Bronze Age in the Near East was called either the "catastrophe" or the "collapse" due to its short time frame of 50 years, the mass migration of the general population and the "Sea Peoples" plus the abandonment of cities such as Hattusa, the capital of the Hittite Empire c.1200 bce. Any historian trying to fi nd the cause of the end of the Bronze Age and the Hittite Empire must explain: the short time frame of approximately 50 years, when it occurred between 1200-1150 BCE ; the mass migrations not only of normal people but also of the "Sea Peoples"; and the fact that so many large cities, such as the Hittite capital Hattusa, were simply abandoned and not destroyed or occupied by raiders or invaders.

abstract:
  Dr. Norrie provides a summary of the fifteen currently accepted causes for the end of the Bronze Age in the Near East and then goes on to discuss the sixteenth reason—infectious disease epidemics. These are the real reason that the end of the Bronze Age in the Near East was called either the “catastrophe” or the “collapse” due to its short time frame of 50 years, the mass migration of the general population and the “Sea Peoples” plus the abandonment of cities such as Hattusa, the capital of the Hittite Empire c.1200 bce. The diseases most likely to cause this collapse are smallpox, bubonic plague and tularemia.


id: cord-020694-zoy49483
title: Geriatric infections: Decreased immunity or evolved opportunists?
author: Baig, Ulfat
date: 2020-04-10
txt: ./txt/cord-020694-zoy49483.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-020694-zoy49483.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7145937/
doi: 10.1007/s12038-020-0025-x
summary:
  In order to compare the age specific incidence of opportunistic versus non-opportunistic infections, we selected pathogens that are sufficiently common globally, for whom there is good background epidemiological information including whether and with what frequency they inhabit the host body under normal conditions, whether a long-term carrier state is known, and whether they confer long-term immunity. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for individual published reports giving age-class-specific incidence, in addition to available online data from Centers for Disease Control Bureau of Statistics. In the other pattern followed by 8 species and 12 pooled datasets, there was a significant negative trend in 6 with a 50% to 95% decrease in incidence between the 20 and over-60 age groups. The prediction specific to the declining immunity hypothesis that the incidence of externally acquired infections should also increase with age failed to obtain generalized support in epidemiological data.

abstract:
  In host–parasite co-evolution, parasites are assumed to have an advantage owing to their shorter generation time. Evolution of pathogens within the lifetime of a host individual is implicated as a strong selective force in the evolution of sex and aging in the host. However, this assumption or its testable predictions have not been examined empirically. We classified infectious bacteria and viruses into those that can have continued long-term existence on the host body (group 1) versus those that have only a short-term interaction during an active infection (group 2). We surveyed the literature for age-specific incidence data about infections from both the groups. The age trends of the two groups show contrasting patterns. The incidence of infections by all group 1 pathogens showed a 2.28- to 28-fold increase in older ages. In group 2, 6 out of the 9 pathogens showed a significant declining trend in incidence with age. In both groups, there was greater mortality or morbidity among the infected in the old-age classes. These patterns are better explained by pathogen evolution than by age-related decline in immunity. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12038-020-0025-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-022659-chwk2bs4
title: Abstracts: Poster session
author: nan
date: 2004-10-08
txt: ./txt/cord-022659-chwk2bs4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022659-chwk2bs4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159508/
doi: 10.1002/ana.410320224
abstract: nan
summary:
  We investigated the usefulness of informant-based data in Alzheimer''s disease (AD) by comparing caregivers'' subjective evaluations of 83 probable A D patients'' performance on an abbreviated version of the Memory Self-Report Questionnaire to objective evaluations derived from an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests and to clinicians'' evaluations. Compared with 89 subjects (mean age 75.2 yr; 34 men, 55 women) with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), there were no significant group differences for comparable Clinical Dementia Rating stages of dementia for measures of language, Activities of Daily Living, or general cognition. The mean age at onset did not differ significantly between handedness groups (F [ l,lOO] = .82), but the mean duration of symptoms ( Alterations in the optical properties of brain can be used to detect pathological changes in patients with Alzheimer''s disease (AD).


id: cord-029015-rn62sbfm
author: Guyonnet, Sophie
date: 2020-07-10
txt: ./txt/cord-029015-rn62sbfm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-029015-rn62sbfm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7352084/
doi: 10.14283/jfa.2020.38
summary:
  The INSPIRE Human Translational Cohort (INSPIRE-T cohort) will recruit about 1000 individuals of several chronological ages (from 20 years to 100+) and functional capacity levels (from robust to frail, and even disabled) with baseline and follow-up biological, clinical, imaging and digital data over 10 years. The remote monitoring of intrinsic capacity will last the whole length of this research study, i.e., up to ten years Other examinations are proposed to a limited number of participants (all age ranges and functional status) in a volunteer basis: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for body composition assessment; Whole body and brain magnetic resonance (MRI); cardiorespiratory fitness (maximum oxygen consumption (V02 max) with blood sampling before and after the effort, and maximal aerobic power), and isokinetic muscle strength. The INSPIRE-T cohort will gather clinical, biological (including imaging), and digital data for subjects of several chronological ages and functional capacity status regularly followed over up to 10 years.

title:
  The INSPIRE Bio-Resource Research Platform for Healthy Aging and Geroscience: Focus on the Human Translational Research Cohort (The INSPIRE-T Cohort)

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The Geroscience field focuses on the core biological mechanisms of aging, which are involved in the onset of age-related diseases, as well as declines in intrinsic capacity (IC) (body functions) leading to dependency. A better understanding on how to measure the true age of an individual or biological aging is an essential step that may lead to the definition of putative markers capable of predicting healthy aging. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the INStitute for Prevention healthy aging and medicine Rejuvenative (INSPIRE) Platform initiative is to build a program for Geroscience and healthy aging research going from animal models to humans and the health care system. The specific aim of the INSPIRE human translational cohort (INSPIRE-T cohort) is to gather clinical, digital and imaging data, and perform relevant and extensive biobanking to allow basic and translational research on humans. METHODS: The INSPIRE-T cohort consists in a population study comprising 1000 individuals in Toulouse and surrounding areas (France) of different ages (20 years or over — no upper limit for age) and functional capacity levels (from robustness to frailty, and even dependency) with follow-up over 10 years. Diversified data are collected annually in research facilities or at home according to standardized procedures. Between two annual visits, IC domains are monitored every 4-month by using the ICOPE Monitor app developed in collaboration with WHO. Once IC decline is confirmed, participants will have a clinical assessment and blood sampling to investigate markers of aging at the time IC declines are detected. Biospecimens include blood, urine, saliva, and dental plaque that are collected from all subjects at baseline and then, annually. Nasopharyngeal swabs and cutaneous surface samples are collected in a large subgroup of subjects every two years. Feces, hair bulb and skin biopsy are collected optionally at the baseline visit and will be performed again during the longitudinal follow up. EXPECTED RESULTS: Recruitment started on October 2019 and is expected to last for two years. Bio-resources collected and explored in the INSPIRE-T cohort will be available for academic and industry partners aiming to identify robust (set of) markers of aging, age-related diseases and IC evolution that could be pharmacologically or non-pharmacologically targetable. The INSPIRE-T will also aim to develop an integrative approach to explore the use of innovative technologies and a new, function and person-centered health care pathway that will promote a healthy aging. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.14283/jfa.2020.38 and is accessible for authorized users.


id: cord-031494-uvxb0ak9
title: Introduction: Special Issue on Aging Science Talks: Science for our Community During Isolation
author: Lamming, Dudley W.
date: 2020-09-06
txt: ./txt/cord-031494-uvxb0ak9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031494-uvxb0ak9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7474822/
doi: 10.1016/j.tma.2020.09.001
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Introduction: Special Issue on Aging Science Talks: Science for our Community During Isolation With the assistance of TMA editors Drs. Matt Kaeberlein and Scott Leiser, this special issue extends our CoI further by giving a voice to some of those researchers, primarily but not exclusively ECRs, who took up our call and helped successfully launch the Aging Science Talks CoI through the presentation of their research during the early days of the pandemic shutdown. First, we have created a forum for presenters, especially ECRs to highlight their work. Javier Apfield presents "The heat shock transcription factor HSF-1 protects Caenorhabditis elegans from peroxide stress Goldberg discusses "Integration of immune-metabolic signals to preserve healthy aging High-throughput chromatin screens to identify targets of senescence and aging" [9] and reviews "The eroding chromatin landscape of aging stem cells Integration of immune-metabolic signals to preserve healthy aging High-throughput chromatin screens to identify targets of senescence and aging


id: cord-035015-slgywe0c
title: SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial health: implications of lifestyle and ageing
author: Nunn, Alistair V. W.
date: 2020-11-09
txt: ./txt/cord-035015-slgywe0c.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-035015-slgywe0c.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649575/
doi: 10.1186/s12979-020-00204-x
summary:
  Data is now showing that COVID-19 patients do have populations of T-cells displaying mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as altered mitochondrial markers in monocyteshinting that immune-metabolic phenotyping could be used to understand disease pathogenesis and possible treatments; this could include targeting mitochondria [32] . The underlying aetiology for "inflammaging" has long thought to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction as suggested by Nick Lane in 2003 in his "double agent" theory [5] , and is now receiving renewed interest, for instance, in how decreasing mitochondrial function can reduce T-cell function and enhance immune senescence, as mitochondria are pivotal in metabolic reprogramming towards the Warburg effect [40] . Furthermore, as evidence indicates that many viruses, which most likely include SARs-CoV-2, modulate bioenergetics and redox in both the immune system and other cells they infect to enhance their own replication, they could potentially induce excessive stress in these systems if their mitochondria are already sub-optimally functional.

abstract:
  Infection with SARs-COV-2 displays increasing fatality with age and underlying co-morbidity, in particular, with markers of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes, which seems to be associated with a “cytokine storm” and an altered immune response. This suggests that a key contributory factor could be immunosenescence that is both age-related and lifestyle-induced. As the immune system itself is heavily reliant on mitochondrial function, then maintaining a healthy mitochondrial system may play a key role in resisting the virus, both directly, and indirectly by ensuring a good vaccine response. Furthermore, as viruses in general, and quite possibly this new virus, have also evolved to modulate immunometabolism and thus mitochondrial function to ensure their replication, this could further stress cellular bioenergetics. Unlike most sedentary modern humans, one of the natural hosts for the virus, the bat, has to “exercise” regularly to find food, which continually provides a powerful adaptive stimulus to maintain functional muscle and mitochondria. In effect the bat is exposed to regular hormetic stimuli, which could provide clues on how to resist this virus. In this paper we review the data that might support the idea that mitochondrial health, induced by a healthy lifestyle, could be a key factor in resisting the virus, and for those people who are perhaps not in optimal health, treatments that could support mitochondrial function might be pivotal to their long-term recovery.


id: cord-103337-a1yidr4y
author: Aleta, A.
date: 2020-11-13
txt: ./txt/cord-103337-a1yidr4y.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-103337-a1yidr4y.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.11.20230177v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.11.11.20230177
summary:
  title: Age differential analysis of COVID-19 second wave in Europe reveals highest incidence among young adults To understand the evolution of the ongoing wave, one should trace it back to its origin in the summer, when the incidence started to grow again after the effects of the strict restrictions that were imposed in the Spring faded out, which resulted in an increased number of local outbreaks and community transmission of COVID-19 in most of Europe. To elucidate if this pattern is characteristic of this region or if it is more general, we have collected data on the COVID19 incidence in 25 European countries aggregated by age groups during the period from 1 September to 27 October. These very robust and regular patterns of the incidence of the current second wave are a remarkable observation given that countries in Europe responded distinctly and at different times during the early stages of the pandemic.

title:
  Age differential analysis of COVID-19 second wave in Europe reveals highest incidence among young adults

abstract:
  Most of the western nations have been unable to suppress the COVID-19 and are currently experiencing second or third surges of the pandemic. Here, we analyze data of incidence by age groups in 25 European countries, revealing that the highest incidence of the current second wave is observed for the group comprising young adults (aged 18-29 years old) in all but 3 of the countries analyzed. We discuss the public health implications of our findings.


id: cord-142389-t5swlp04
title: The foreshadow of a second wave: An analysis of current COVID-19 fatalities in Germany
author: Linden, Matthias
date: 2020-10-12
txt: ./txt/cord-142389-t5swlp04.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-142389-t5swlp04.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.05850v2.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  We investigated this apparent discrepancy using age-stratified case and death reports [3] , and an age-dependent infection fatality rate (IFR). From this age-dependent IFR we predict the temporal evolution of the COVID-19associated deaths by delaying each age group''s observed weekly cases by two weeks and multiplying by the IFR (see supplementary material). The observed number deaths (black) in each age group matches well the predicted deaths calculated from the case numbers (color) using an age-dependent infection-fatality rate from a metaanalysis [4] . b. IFR calculation The overall goal is to estimate death numbers from past reported cases per age group and compare them to the observed number of deaths. c. Estimating the number of deaths from the reported SARS-CoV-2 cases The number of deaths is estimated by multiplying the published weekly number of reported cases in 5-years-wide age groups by the associated IFR (equation (2)).

abstract:
  A second wave of SARS-CoV-2 is unfolding in dozens of countries. However, this second wave manifests itself strongly in new reported cases, but less in death counts compared to the first wave. Over the past three months in Germany, the reported cases increased by a factor five or more, whereas the death counts hardly grew. This discrepancy fueled speculations that the rise of reported cases would not reflect a second wave but only wider testing. We find that this apparent discrepancy can be explained to a large extent by the age structure of the infected, and predict a pronounced increase of death counts in the near future, as the spread once again expands into older age groups. To re-establish control, and to avoid the tipping point when TTI capacity is exceeded, case numbers have to be lowered. Otherwise the control of the spread and the protection of vulnerable people will require more restrictive measures latest when the hospital capacity is reached.


id: cord-253182-s60vzf3q
author: Fang, Evandro F.
date: 2020-09-21
txt: ./txt/cord-253182-s60vzf3q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-253182-s60vzf3q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32971255/
doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101174
summary:
  Major healthcare challenges involved with caring for the elderly in China include the management of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), physical frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, with emerging challenges such as providing sufficient dental care, combating the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among nursing home communities, providing support for increased incidences of immune diseases, and the growing necessity to provide palliative care for the elderly. The research agenda in response to rapid population ageing in China has been broad, covering areas including the study of the ageing process itself in laboratory and animal studies, to clinical-level studies of drugs or other treatments for common chronic diseases, and finally policy-level research for the care of the elderly in hospital, community and residential care settings, and its influence on health and social care policies . Major risk factors of the high prevalence of dental diseases in the elderly in China include the scarcity of dental health knowledge in the general population, low frequency of daily oral hygiene practices, insufficiency of dental care services, and unhealthy diet habits.

title:
  A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks

abstract:
  One of the key issues facing public healthcare is the global trend of an increasingly ageing society which continues to present policy makers and caregivers with formidable healthcare and socio-economic challenges. Ageing is the primary contributor to a broad spectrum of chronic disorders all associated with a lower quality of life in the elderly. In 2019, the Chinese population constituted 18 % of the world population, with 164.5 million Chinese citizens aged 65 and above (65+), and 26 million aged 80 or above (80+). China has become an ageing society, and as it continues to age it will continue to exacerbate the burden borne by current family and public healthcare systems. Major healthcare challenges involved with caring for the elderly in China include the management of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), physical frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, with emerging challenges such as providing sufficient dental care, combating the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among nursing home communities, providing support for increased incidences of immune diseases, and the growing necessity to provide palliative care for the elderly. At the governmental level, it is necessary to make long-term strategic plans to respond to the pressures of an ageing society, especially to establish a nationwide, affordable, annual health check system to facilitate early diagnosis and provide access to affordable treatments. China has begun work on several activities to address these issues including the recent completion of the of the Ten-year Health-Care Reform project, the implementation of the Healthy China 2030 Action Plan, and the opening of the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders. There are also societal challenges, namely the shift from an extended family system in which the younger provide home care for their elderly family members, to the current trend in which young people are increasingly migrating towards major cities for work, increasing reliance on nursing homes to compensate, especially following the outcomes of the ‘one child policy’ and the ‘empty-nest elderly’ phenomenon. At the individual level, it is important to provide avenues for people to seek and improve their own knowledge of health and disease, to encourage them to seek medical check-ups to prevent/manage illness, and to find ways to promote modifiable health-related behaviors (social activity, exercise, healthy diets, reasonable diet supplements) to enable healthier, happier, longer, and more productive lives in the elderly. Finally, at the technological or treatment level, there is a focus on modern technologies to counteract the negative effects of ageing. Researchers are striving to produce drugs that can mimic the effects of ‘exercising more, eating less’, while other anti-ageing molecules from molecular gerontologists could help to improve ‘healthspan’ in the elderly. Machine learning, ‘Big Data’, and other novel technologies can also be used to monitor disease patterns at the population level and may be used to inform policy design in the future. Collectively, synergies across disciplines on policies, geriatric care, drug development, personal awareness, the use of big data, machine learning and personalized medicine will transform China into a country that enables the most for its elderly, maximizing and celebrating their longevity in the coming decades. This is the 2nd edition of the review paper (Fang EF et al., Ageing Re. Rev. 2015).


id: cord-254339-djmibi3a
title: Unreported Cases for Age Dependent COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan
author: Griette, Quentin
date: 2020-06-17
txt: ./txt/cord-254339-djmibi3a.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-254339-djmibi3a.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32560572/
doi: 10.3390/biology9060132
summary:
  In particular, we build a new mathematical model and a new computational method to fit the data by using age classes dependent exponential growth at the early stage of the epidemic. We fit this model to the observed data and obtain a snapshot of the effective transmissions occurring inside the population at different times, which indicates where and among whom the disease propagates after the start of public mitigation measures. [17] also discuss age-related effects in the control of the COVID epidemic, and use statistical inference to fit an age-structured SIR variant to data; the model is then used to discuss the efficiency of different control strategies. One of the difficulties in fitting the model to the data is that the growth rate of the epidemic is different in each age class, which lead us to adapt our early method presented in Liu et al.

abstract:
  We investigate the age structured data for the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan. We consider a mathematical model for the epidemic with unreported infectious patient with and without age structure. In particular, we build a new mathematical model and a new computational method to fit the data by using age classes dependent exponential growth at the early stage of the epidemic. This allows to take into account differences in the response of patients to the disease according to their age. This model also allows for a heterogeneous response of the population to the social distancing measures taken by the local government. We fit this model to the observed data and obtain a snapshot of the effective transmissions occurring inside the population at different times, which indicates where and among whom the disease propagates after the start of public mitigation measures.


id: cord-254896-e6k1bp9n
title: Analysis of Austrian COVID-19 deaths by age and sex
author: Posch, Martin
date: 2020-07-03
txt: ./txt/cord-254896-e6k1bp9n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-254896-e6k1bp9n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01707-9
doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01707-9
summary:
  The observed age dependency of the proportions of registered COVID-19 deaths in relation to the population sizes in the age groups is approximately exponential, similar to the age dependency of the general age specific mortality rate. Comparing the infection fatality rate estimates reported in [3] with the normal annual mortality rates for Austria, we see parallels as well -the estimated risk of death with COVID-19 is for the majority of age groups roughly as high as the normal risk of dying within 1-2 years (Fig. 3 , black dots). We also observe that the number of those who have died in Austria with COVID-19 per population size in the respective age and sex group have a similar exponential age dependency as the estimated infection fatality rates (Fig. 2a, b and 3) .

abstract:
  We analyze the age and sex distribution of the reported COVID-19 deaths in Austria. In accordance with international studies, the Austrian data also suggests that the risk of death increases substantially with age. The observed age dependency of the proportions of registered COVID-19 deaths in relation to the population sizes in the age groups is approximately exponential, similar to the age dependency of the general age specific mortality rate. Furthermore, we compare the general age specific mortality rate in Austria with the estimates of the SARS-CoV‑2 infection fatality rate by Ferguson et al. (2020). The parallels to the general age specific mortality rates do not imply that COVID-19 does not pose an additional risk. On the contrary, it follows from the structure and magnitude of the infection fatality rate that it is substantial, especially for higher age groups. However, since in many cases persons with severe pre-existing conditions are affected, it is not yet possible to estimate what effects COVID-19 will have on life expectancy.


id: cord-257765-ljt9rn8z
title: Predicted COVID-19 fatality rates based on age, sex, comorbidities and health system capacity
author: Ghisolfi, Selene
date: 2020-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-257765-ljt9rn8z.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-257765-ljt9rn8z.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003094
doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003094
summary:
  Accounting for differences in the distribution of age, sex and relevant comorbidities yields substantial differences in the predicted IFR across 21 world regions, ranging from 0.11% in Western Sub-Saharan Africa to 1.07% for high-income Asia Pacific. To account for the likelihood of higher fatality rates in under-resourced health systems, we adjust the predicted IFRs for differences in the relative odds of infection fatality from childhood respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) between world regions as a proxy for local capacity to treat viral respiratory illnesses. We can test the validity of our core assumption, namely, that variation in age, sex and comorbidity distributions as well as health system capacity explain differences in IFRs across countries by comparing our predicted IFRs to independently measured IFRs. For this exercise, we consider all studies reporting either IFRs or infection rates for populations with available COVID-19 fatalities, which were listed in the systematic review by Meyerowitz-Katz and Merone 17 or retrieved through an online search on July 2.

abstract:
  Early reports suggest the fatality rate from COVID-19 varies greatly across countries, but non-random testing and incomplete vital registration systems render it impossible to directly estimate the infection fatality rate (IFR) in many low- and middle-income countries. To fill this gap, we estimate the adjustments required to extrapolate estimates of the IFR from high-income to lower-income regions. Accounting for differences in the distribution of age, sex and relevant comorbidities yields substantial differences in the predicted IFR across 21 world regions, ranging from 0.11% in Western Sub-Saharan Africa to 1.07% for high-income Asia Pacific. However, these predictions must be treated as lower bounds in low- and middle-income countries as they are grounded in fatality rates from countries with advanced health systems. To adjust for health system capacity, we incorporate regional differences in the relative odds of infection fatality from childhood respiratory syncytial virus. This adjustment greatly diminishes but does not entirely erase the demography-based advantage predicted in the lowest income settings, with regional estimates of the predicted COVID-19 IFR ranging from 0.37% in Western Sub-Saharan Africa to 1.45% for Eastern Europe.


id: cord-258093-6fn8ei9f
author: Hanania, Nicola A.
date: 2011-08-25
txt: ./txt/cord-258093-6fn8ei9f.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258093-6fn8ei9f.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21872730/
doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.048
summary:
  The aging lung Large, longitudinal, and more complete studies to determine the effects of aging on the function of the respiratory system Improved knowledge about lung structure-function relationships in older age using techniques of imaging and measures of lung function not requiring effort (eg, high-resolution computed tomographic scanning and forced oscillation) Improved assessment of lung processes underlying airflow limitation attributable to aging versus COPD or asthma, especially in asthmatic patients who smoke Studies to examine the effects of aging in ethnic groups and the role of gender Epidemiology, effect, diagnosis, and management Determine the true prevalence and cost of asthma in the older population Develop a uniform definition of asthma to be applied to health care records that will distinguish asthma from COPD and mixed asthma/COPD Evaluate evidence-based treatment algorithms for older asthmatic patients, such as those developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Global Initiative For Asthma guidelines 7 Assess the effect of asthma treatment, including direct medical costs of care, indirect costs of care, and value of treatment in improving quality of life 8, 9 Assess the effect of comorbid conditions, especially COPD and congestive heart failure, on asthma 9 Characterize phenotypes of elderly asthma with regard to responses to therapy and long-term outcomes based on age of onset, duration of disease, and environmental triggers Develop algorithms for electronic medical record systems that are asthma-specific Evaluate effects of current asthma medications in older patients compared with younger patients Identify pharmacogenetic determinants of response to asthma medications in older adults Identify simpler and safer drug delivery systems and schedules for older adults Develop simple methods to differentiate COPD from asthma exacerbations in older adults

title:
  Asthma in the elderly: Current understanding and future research needs—a report of a National Institute on Aging (NIA) workshop

abstract:
  Asthma in the elderly is underdiagnosed and undertreated, and there is a paucity of knowledge on the subject. The National Institute on Aging convened this workshop to identify what is known and what gaps in knowledge remain and suggest research directions needed to improve the understanding and care of asthma in the elderly. Asthma presenting at an advanced age often has similar clinical and physiologic consequences as seen with younger patients, but comorbid illnesses and the psychosocial effects of aging might affect the diagnosis, clinical presentation, and care of asthma in this population. At least 2 phenotypes exist among elderly patients with asthma; those with longstanding asthma have more severe airflow limitation and less complete reversibility than those with late-onset asthma. Many challenges exist in the recognition and treatment of asthma in the elderly. Furthermore, the pathophysiologic mechanisms of asthma in the elderly are likely to be different from those seen in young asthmatic patients, and these differences might influence the clinical course and outcomes of asthma in this population.


id: cord-259012-rk0sd9i5
title: Trends in Real-World Neovascular AMD Treatment Outcomes in the UK
author: Mehta, Hemal
date: 2020-10-14
txt: ./txt/cord-259012-rk0sd9i5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-259012-rk0sd9i5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33116384/
doi: 10.2147/opth.s275977
summary:
  PURPOSE: To report trends in real-world outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in the United Kingdom (UK) over the last decade. The following multipurpose (.mp) search terms and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms where available were used: macular degeneration, age related macula degeneration, AMD, nAMD, neovascular, wet, VEGF, anti-VEGF, ranibizumab, Lucentis, aflibercept, Eylea, bevacizumab, Avastin, visual acuity, visual outcomes, vision, ocular, blindness, registry, database, long term study/studies, observational study/studies, Phase IV study/studies, real world, real-world, United Kingdom, UK, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, England. Predicting visual outcomes in patients treated with aflibercept for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: data from a real-world clinical setting Impact of injection frequency on 5-year real-world visual acuity outcomes of aflibercept therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration Realworld visual and clinical outcomes for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal ranibizumab: an 8-year observational cohort (AMD8)

abstract:
  PURPOSE: To report trends in real-world outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in the United Kingdom (UK) over the last decade. DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched from 9 April 2010 to 8 April 2020 for publications that met the inclusion criteria: treatment-naïve eyes, UK-only data and ≥1 year of follow-up. ICHOM (International Consortium for Health Outcome Measures) outcomes and study quality were assessed. Visual acuity (VA) trends were assessed in studies with ≥100 eyes at baseline. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies (n=25,761 eyes) were included, meeting 14–17 out of 20 Institute of Health Economics Quality Appraisal of Case Series checklist domains. Only ranibizumab and aflibercept outcome data were available. The mean injection number in the first year of treatment was 5.9 in publications from 2010 to 2015 and 7.1 from 2015 to 2020. Average baseline VA and mean one-year, two-year and three-year VA gains gradually improved over the last decade. Longer-term studies reported that the visual gains achieved in the first year of treatment were rarely maintained, with under-treatment a likely contributing factor. CONCLUSION: UK real-world outcomes have improved over the last decade with improved service delivery and the adoption of more proactive treatment regimens but are still not always as impressive as registration clinical trial results. Access to longer-acting anti-VEGF therapies would reduce the treatment burden for patients, carers, and the healthcare system, potentially making replication of clinical trial results possible in the NHS.


id: cord-259971-e3h8pr1v
title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Age-Related Differences in Measures of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Canada
author: Nwachukwu, Izu
date: 2020-09-01
txt: ./txt/cord-259971-e3h8pr1v.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-259971-e3h8pr1v.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176366
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176366
summary:
  Conclusions: The finding that the prevalence rates and the mean scores for stress, anxiety, and depression on standardized scales to decrease from younger to older subscribers is an interesting observation with potential implications for planning to meet mental health service needs during COVID-19. In an online survey of Chinese subjects, prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and depressive symptoms was significantly higher in participants younger than 35 years than in participants aged 35 years or older [13] with age and amount of time spent focusing on COVID-19 identified as potential risk factors for psychological illness. On the other hand, older people tend to be less socially mobile than younger ones, thus possibly explaining their reported lower scores on rating scales for stress, anxiety, and depression during a pandemic lockdown. The trend for mean scores across the stress, depression, and anxiety scales to decrease in severity from younger to older age has potential implications for planning to meet mental health service needs during COVID-19.

abstract:
  Background: The spread of COVID-19 along with strict public health measures have resulted in unintended adverse effects, including greater levels of distress, anxiety, and depression. This study examined relative presentations of these psychopathologies in different age groups in a Canadian cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Participants were subscribers to the Text4Hope program, developed to support Albertans during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey link was used to gather demographic information and responses on several self-report scales, such as Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: There were 8267 individuals who completed the survey, giving a response rate of 19.4%. Overall, 909 (11.0%) respondents identified as ≤25 years, 2939 (35.6%) identified as (26–40) years, 3431 (41.5%) identified as (41–60) years, 762 (9.2%) identified as over 60 years, and 226 (2.7%) did not identify their age. Mean scores on the PSS, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scales were highest among those aged ≤25 and lowest amongst those aged >60 years old. Conclusions: The finding that the prevalence rates and the mean scores for stress, anxiety, and depression on standardized scales to decrease from younger to older subscribers is an interesting observation with potential implications for planning to meet mental health service needs during COVID-19.


id: cord-260797-tc3pueow
title: Data-driven contact structures: From homogeneous mixing to multilayer networks
author: Aleta, Alberto
date: 2020-07-16
txt: ./txt/cord-260797-tc3pueow.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-260797-tc3pueow.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008035
doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008035
summary:
  In addition, we conduct extensive numerical simulations and conclude that heterogeneities in the contact network are important for a proper determination of the epidemic threshold, whereas the age-structure plays a bigger role beyond the onset of the outbreak. To bridge this gap, in this paper, we focus on analyzing the role that disease-independent heterogeneity in host contact rates plays in the spreading of epidemics in large populations under several scenarios, both numerically and analytically. A slightly better approximation is to divide the population into agegroups, given the demographic structure of the population, Fig 1B, and establish a different number of contacts between and within them (model M), which is the common approach currently used in the epidemic literature to model age-mixing patterns. Nevertheless, most network approaches focus only on determining the role that the difference in the number of contacts of the population has on the impact of disease dynamics but ignore other types of heterogeneities such as the age mixing patterns.

abstract:
  The modeling of the spreading of communicable diseases has experienced significant advances in the last two decades or so. This has been possible due to the proliferation of data and the development of new methods to gather, mine and analyze it. A key role has also been played by the latest advances in new disciplines like network science. Nonetheless, current models still lack a faithful representation of all possible heterogeneities and features that can be extracted from data. Here, we bridge a current gap in the mathematical modeling of infectious diseases and develop a framework that allows to account simultaneously for both the connectivity of individuals and the age-structure of the population. We compare different scenarios, namely, i) the homogeneous mixing setting, ii) one in which only the social mixing is taken into account, iii) a setting that considers the connectivity of individuals alone, and finally, iv) a multilayer representation in which both the social mixing and the number of contacts are included in the model. We analytically show that the thresholds obtained for these four scenarios are different. In addition, we conduct extensive numerical simulations and conclude that heterogeneities in the contact network are important for a proper determination of the epidemic threshold, whereas the age-structure plays a bigger role beyond the onset of the outbreak. Altogether, when it comes to evaluate interventions such as vaccination, both sources of individual heterogeneity are important and should be concurrently considered. Our results also provide an indication of the errors incurred in situations in which one cannot access all needed information in terms of connectivity and age of the population.


id: cord-262954-saqo900k
title: Older Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019; A Nationwide Study in Turkey
author: Esme, Mert
date: 2020-09-01
txt: ./txt/cord-262954-saqo900k.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-262954-saqo900k.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa219
doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa219
summary:
  In this study we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Turkey. Through multivariate analysis of the causes of death in older patients, we found that male gender, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, dementia, cancer, admission to intensive care unit, computed tomography finding compatible with COVID-19 were all significantly associated with mortality in entire cohort. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that individuals older than age 65 comprise 17% of the total population in the United States, though they are responsible for 31% of infections, 45% of hospitalizations, 53% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and 80% of deaths caused by . Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) occurred in China in December 2019 and has spread globally. In this study we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Turkey. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of hospitalized patients aged ≥ 60 years with confirmed COVID-19 from March 11, 2020, to May 27, 2020 using nationwide health database. RESULTS: In this nationwide cohort, a total of 16942 hospitalized older adults with COVID-19 were enrolled, of whom 8635 (51%) were women. Mean age was 71.2 ± 8.5 years, ranging from 60 to 113 years. Mortality rate before and after curfew was statistically different (32.2% vs 17.9%; p & 0.001, respectively). Through multivariate analysis of the causes of death in older patients, we found that male gender, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, dementia, cancer, admission to intensive care unit, computed tomography finding compatible with COVID-19 were all significantly associated with mortality in entire cohort. In addition to abovementioned risk factors, in patients aged between 60-79 years, coronary artery disease, oxygen support need, total number of drugs, and cerebrovascular disease during hospitalization, and in patients 80 years of age and older acute coronary syndrome during hospitalization were also associated with increased risk of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the results of previous studies with smaller sample size, our results confirmed the age-related relationship between specific comorbidities and COVID-19 related mortality.


id: cord-263650-jxkjn8ld
title: Family care across diverse cultures: Re-envisioning using a transnational lens
author: Andruske, Cynthia Lee
date: 2020-10-20
txt: ./txt/cord-263650-jxkjn8ld.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-263650-jxkjn8ld.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890406520300621
doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2020.100892
summary:
  Specifically, drawing on a broad understanding of care that is consistent with Fisher and Tronto (1990) ; also Tronto, 2013) , the purpose of our study was to explore and compare the relationships between culture and informal family care practices across three diverse ethno-cultural groups: Chinese, South Asians, and Latin Americans living in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Adults self-identifying as Chinese, South Asian, and Latin American, and providing unpaid, informal care or support to someone over the age of 65 needing some level of assistance with activities of daily living, were invited to participate. Even only adult children like Argentinian Rossana pointed out that she had created networks from her family (husband, daughter, and grandchildren, among others) and paid companions as well as her 92-year-old mother''s long-time friends to provide support and care.

abstract:
  In an increasingly globalized world, the importance of developing a more culturally complex understanding of family care has been clearly identified. This study explored family care across three different cultural groups - Chinese, South Asian, and Latin American - living in a metropolitan, Pacific-West, Canadian city. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 29 family members from one of the three family groups exploring how they practiced ‘care’ for their aging, often frail, relatives. The importance of conceptualizing family care as a transnational, collective undertaking emerged from the outset as critical for understanding care practices in all three cultural communities. Three themes identified contributed to this conceptualization: the need to broaden the understanding of family care; the centrality of geographic mobility, and the need to rethink the location of aging and consider its relationship to mobility; and the use of technology by extended family networks to facilitate continuity and connection. An over-riding notion of ‘flow’ or fluid movement, rather than a fixed, static arrangement, emerged as critical for understanding family care. This perspective challenges the dominant approach to studying family care in gerontology that generally conceptualizes family care practice as one local primary caregiver, often female, with some support from other family members. Understanding family care from a transnational lens builds support for the importance of a feminist Ethics of Care lens and has important implications for policy and service delivery practices.


id: cord-264811-xbeipob9
author: Choi, Yongin
date: 2020-10-14
txt: ./txt/cord-264811-xbeipob9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-264811-xbeipob9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33066581/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207474
summary:
  This study aims at assessing the impact of social distancing on the reduction of COVID-19 infected cases by constructing a mathematical model and using epidemiological data of incidences in Korea. An example of a scenario/policy-specific contact matrix of Seoul and Gyeonggi province-school closure with no social distancing, M C -is shown in Figure 3 ; a comparison with the equivalent version for Korea is provided in Figure S3 in Supplementary Section B. In the age-structured model developed in this study, we estimated the transmission rate by applying the contact matrix obtained from [25] to the actual incidence and population data for Seoul and Gyeonggi province. We estimated the transmission rate for each age group in seven distinct periods using the COVID-19 data and contact matrix for each age group and investigated the effect of social distancing on the control of the disease in the age-structured model under various scenarios.

title:
  Assessment of Social Distancing for Controlling COVID-19 in Korea: An Age-Structured Modeling Approach

abstract:
  The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred all over the world between 2019 and 2020. The first case of COVID-19 was reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, there have been more than 21 million incidences and 761 thousand casualties worldwide as of 16 August 2020. One of the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 is that its symptoms and fatality rates vary with the ages of the infected individuals. This study aims at assessing the impact of social distancing on the reduction of COVID-19 infected cases by constructing a mathematical model and using epidemiological data of incidences in Korea. We developed an age-structured mathematical model for describing the age-dependent dynamics of the spread of COVID-19 in Korea. We estimated the model parameters and computed the reproduction number using the actual epidemiological data reported from 1 February to 15 June 2020. We then divided the data into seven distinct periods depending on the intensity of social distancing implemented by the Korean government. By using a contact matrix to describe the contact patterns between ages, we investigated the potential effect of social distancing under various scenarios. We discovered that when the intensity of social distancing is reduced, the number of COVID-19 cases increases; the number of incidences among the age groups of people 60 and above increases significantly more than that of the age groups below the age of 60. This significant increase among the elderly groups poses a severe threat to public health because the incidence of severe cases and fatality rates of the elderly group are much higher than those of the younger groups. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain strict social distancing rules to reduce infected cases.


id: cord-267664-vahd59z8
title: COVID-19 in Italy: Ageism and Decision-Making in a Pandemic
author: Cesari, Matteo
date: 2020-04-01
txt: ./txt/cord-267664-vahd59z8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-267664-vahd59z8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.03.025
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.03.025
abstract: nan
summary:
  Not surprisingly, the usual, despicable age criterion started to be implicitly adopted in the decisional algorithm for the allocation of scarce resources to the mounting number of patients. It is noteworthy that during the early crisis, the Società Italiana di Anestesia, Analgesia, Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva (SIAARTI; Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Intensive Care) released clinical ethics recommendations for the allocation of treatment in exceptional resource-limited situations. Of course, the patient''s age… If we want to fight such an ageistic approach and replace the age criterion for the allocation of resources, we must have and propose a parameter more robust than age but equally easy-to-obtain, that can be used for critical and rapid decision-making. In settings where rationing of resources becomes a necessity and such preparation has not been made, medical staff or oversight organizations should implement ad hoc guidelines that incorporate key prognostic factors beyond age -most notably frailty, comorbidity, and functional status. Clinical ethics recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments, in exceptional, resource-limited circumstances


id: cord-274009-ew4diub5
title: Coping with being cooped up: Social distancing during COVID-19 among 60+ in the United States
author: Emerson, Kerstin Gerst
date: 2020-06-29
txt: ./txt/cord-274009-ew4diub5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-274009-ew4diub5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.81
doi: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.81
summary:
  This study examined the impact of sheltering in place and social distancing among adults aged 60 and older during the 2020 outbreak of COVID-19 in the United States. Using convenience sampling respondents were asked to complete a web-administered survey to explore impact of social distancing on loneliness, stress, and behavioral changes. Social distancing has significant consequences on loneliness and health behaviors among adults in the United States, many of which differ by age group. The purpose of this study was to explore how adults aged 60 and older in the US are coping with social distancing and sheltering in place during the COVID-19 pandemic. These included doing more or less: sleeping, engaging in physical activity, smoking, drinking alcohol, using recreational drugs, eating, solitary activities, engaging in in-person activities, making/receiving phone calls, using social media, emailing, ending/receiving text messages, and spending time on the computer/tablet/phone. Those living alone were also significantly more likely to report that their loneliness had increased since social distancing (42.4%) compared those living with others (27.9%).

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES. This study examined the impact of sheltering in place and social distancing among adults aged 60 and older during the 2020 outbreak of COVID-19 in the United States. METHODS. Using convenience sampling respondents were asked to complete a web-administered survey to explore impact of social distancing on loneliness, stress, and behavioral changes. The analytic sample consisted of 833 responses of persons aged 60 and older. RESULTS. A large portion reported being stressed (36%), and/or being lonely (42.5%). Nearly 1/3 stated that their sense of loneliness increased during the time of social distancing. Respondents reported engaging in more solitary activity (and fewer in-person activities), using email and text messages more than usual, and spending more time on computers/tablet than usual. Approximately 2/3 reported using more social media than usual. These differed significantly by younger (age 60-70) and older (71+) respondents. Additionally, changes in physical activity, drinking, recreational drug use and sleeping pattern changes differed by age. CONCLUSIONS. Social distancing has significant consequences on loneliness and health behaviors among adults in the United States, many of which differ by age group. Results have implications for continued shelter in place practices, but also for any older adult that may be homebound for other reasons.


id: cord-274546-jswt3pun
title: Unreported cases for Age Dependent COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan
author: griette, q.
date: 2020-05-12
txt: ./txt/cord-274546-jswt3pun.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-274546-jswt3pun.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.07.20093807v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20093807
summary:
  We fit this model to the observed data and obtain a snapshot of the effective transmissions occurring inside the population at different times, which indicates where and among whom the disease propagates after the start of the public measures. One of the difficulties in fitting the model to the data is that the growth rate of the epidemic is different in each age class, which lead us to adapt our early method presented in [9] . Here t ≥ t 0 is time in days, t 0 is the starting date of the epidemic in the model, S(t) is the number of individuals susceptible to infection at time t, I(t) is the number of asymptomatic infectious individuals at time t, R(t) is the number of reported symptomatic infectious individuals at time t, and U (t) is the number of unreported symptomatic infectious individuals at time t. Predicting the cumulative number of cases for the COVID-19 epidemic in China from early data

abstract:
  We investigate the age structured data for the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan. We consider epidemic mathematical model with unreported infectious patient with and without age structure. In particular, we build a new mathematical model which allows to take into account differences in the response of patients to the disease according to their age. This model also allows for a heterogeneous response of the population to the social distancing measures taken by the local government. We fit this model to the observed data and obtain a snapshot of the effective transmissions occurring inside the population at different times, which indicates where and among whom the disease propagates after the start of the public measures.


id: cord-280605-2i4gk7et
author: Bachmann, María Consuelo
date: 2020-10-14
txt: ./txt/cord-280605-2i4gk7et.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-280605-2i4gk7et.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33162985/
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570083
summary:
  With increasing age, the dynamics and proportion of lymphocytes and myeloid cells differ depending on the sex due to the differential expression of 144 genes of the immune response in men and women (71) . Anti-inflammatory effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their biologically active metabolites (D and E Resolvinsmediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids, primarily EPA and DHA that block the production of proinflammatory mediators and regulate leukocyte trafficking to inflammatory sites) can be mediated through one of the mechanisms capable of reducing inflammation of RAW-264.7 cells and of primary intraperitoneal macrophages (105) . Exposure to various alarm signals induce an acute inflammation that, when associated with deleterious environmental and biological factors, potentiates chronic inflammation, which can be further promoted by excess ROS production and oxidative stress that results from mitochondrial dysfunction or NOX2 activity, leading to inflammaging and eventually to age-related disease.

title:
  The Challenge by Multiple Environmental and Biological Factors Induce Inflammation in Aging: Their Role in the Promotion of Chronic Disease

abstract:
  The aging process is driven by multiple mechanisms that lead to changes in energy production, oxidative stress, homeostatic dysregulation and eventually to loss of functionality and increased disease susceptibility. Most aged individuals develop chronic low-grade inflammation, which is an important risk factor for morbidity, physical and cognitive impairment, frailty, and death. At any age, chronic inflammatory diseases are major causes of morbimortality, affecting up to 5–8% of the population of industrialized countries. Several environmental factors can play an important role for modifying the inflammatory state. Genetics accounts for only a small fraction of chronic-inflammatory diseases, whereas environmental factors appear to participate, either with a causative or a promotional role in 50% to 75% of patients. Several of those changes depend on epigenetic changes that will further modify the individual response to additional stimuli. The interaction between inflammation and the environment offers important insights on aging and health. These conditions, often depending on the individual’s sex, appear to lead to decreased longevity and physical and cognitive decline. In addition to biological factors, the environment is also involved in the generation of psychological and social context leading to stress. Poor psychological environments and other sources of stress also result in increased inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of environmental and psychosocial factors and nutrition on the regulation of inflammation, and how the response elicited for those factors interact among them, are poorly understood. Whereas certain deleterious environmental factors result in the generation of oxidative stress driven by an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, other factors, including nutrition (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and behavioral factors (exercise) confer protection against inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and thus ameliorate their deleterious effect. Here, we discuss processes and mechanisms of inflammation associated with environmental factors and behavior, their links to sex and gender, and their overall impact on aging.


id: cord-282839-3ii79g6j
title: Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in COVID-19 disease
author: Moreno-Fernández Ayala, Daniel J.
date: 2020-11-07
txt: ./txt/cord-282839-3ii79g6j.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-282839-3ii79g6j.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0531556520304952
doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111147
summary:
  Thus, it seems clear that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor in the proinflammatory profile caused by the release of inflammatory cytokines produced by activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and other mechanisms over-activated in aging and in metabolic diseases. It seems clear that, mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic patients contributes importantly to the low-grade inflammatory profile associated with this disease that is aggravated during aging and has been associated with higher severity in COVID-19 infection. Mediterranean diet, rich in plant foods, is associated with reduced risk of developing age-J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f related chronic diseases by inducing protection against oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial activity that could be the cause of a reduced inflammation level (Tosti et al., 2018) . Mitochondrial dysfunction releases many damage signals to cytosol that end in the activation of inflammasome and the release of inflammatory cytokines that cause the chronic inflammation associated with aging and age-related diseases.

abstract:
  SARS-CoV-2 causes a severe pneumonia (COVID-19) that affects essentially elderly people. In COVID-19, macrophage infiltration into the lung causes a rapid and intense cytokine storm leading finally to a multi-organ failure and death. Comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, lung and cardiovascular diseases, all of them age-associated diseases, increase the severity and lethality of COVID-19. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging and COVID-19 risk factors. Dysfunctional mitochondria is associated with defective immunological response to viral infections and chronic inflammation. This review discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with defective immune response in aging and different age-related diseases, and with many of the comorbidities associated with poor prognosis in the progression of COVID-19. We suggest here that chronic inflammation caused by mitochondrial dysfunction is responsible of the explosive release of inflammatory cytokines causing severe pneumonia, multi-organ failure and finally death in COVID-19 patients. Preventive treatments based on therapies improving mitochondrial turnover, dynamics and activity would be essential to protect against COVID-19 severity.


id: cord-285546-5tjhdczt
author: Green, Manfred S.
date: 2020-10-21
txt: ./txt/cord-285546-5tjhdczt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285546-5tjhdczt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241031
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241031
summary:
  title: The confounded crude case-fatality rates (CFR) for COVID-19 hide more than they reveal—a comparison of age-specific and age-adjusted CFRs between seven countries BACKGROUND: Crude case-fatality rates (CFRs) for COVID-19 vary widely between countries. We examined how the age distribution of the cases is responsible for the COVID-19 CFR differences between countries. METHODS: COVID-19 cases and deaths, by ten-year age-groups, were available from the reports of seven countries. The age-adjusted CFRs were computed by the direct method, using the combined number of cases in all seven countries in each age group as the standard population. CONCLUSIONS: The age structure of the cases explains much of differences in the crude CFRs between countries and adjusting for age substantially reduces this variation. The age-specific number of cases, number of deaths and the crude CFRs by country are given in Table 1 .

title:
  The confounded crude case-fatality rates (CFR) for COVID-19 hide more than they reveal—a comparison of age-specific and age-adjusted CFRs between seven countries

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Crude case-fatality rates (CFRs) for COVID-19 vary widely between countries. There are serious limitations in the CFRs when making comparisons. We examined how the age distribution of the cases is responsible for the COVID-19 CFR differences between countries. METHODS: COVID-19 cases and deaths, by ten-year age-groups, were available from the reports of seven countries. The overall and age-specific CFRs were computed for each country. The age-adjusted CFRs were computed by the direct method, using the combined number of cases in all seven countries in each age group as the standard population. A meta-analytic approach was used to obtain pooled age-specific CFRs. FINDINGS: The crude overall CFRs varied between 0.82% and 14.2% in the seven countries and the variation in the age-specific CFRs were much smaller. There was wide variation in the age distribution of the cases between countries. The ratio of the crude CFR for the country with the highest CFR to that with the lowest (6.28) was much lower for the age-adjusted CFRs rates (2.57). CONCLUSIONS: The age structure of the cases explains much of differences in the crude CFRs between countries and adjusting for age substantially reduces this variation. Other factors such as the definition of cases, coding of deaths and the standard of healthcare are likely to account for much of the residual variation. It is misleading to compare the crude COVID-19 CFRs between countries and should be avoided. At the very least, age-specific and age-adjusted CFRs should be used for comparisons.


id: cord-288392-khjo6j8u
author: Davern, Melanie
date: 2020-10-21
txt: ./txt/cord-288392-khjo6j8u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288392-khjo6j8u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207685
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207685
summary:
  This paper provides a quantifiable spatial indicators framework to assess local lived environments according to each Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFC) domain. The spatial measures used to assess this included: walkability (with and without footpaths); access to public open space; access to public transport; housing affordability; housing diversity; government owned dwellings (social housing); access to services for older people; libraries; universities of the 3rd Age; places of worship; volunteering; households with internet access; aged care facilities; and access to General Practitioners. Objective spatial measures of the lived environment are critical for the following reasons: to simplify assessments of AFC; to provide a foundation level of knowledge about the age-friendliness of an environment; to assist local and state government planning by informing and monitoring future actions and interventions needed to promote healthy ageing in communities; and to include older people into targets of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda.

title:
  How Can the Lived Environment Support Healthy Ageing? A Spatial Indicators Framework for the Assessment of Age-Friendly Communities

abstract:
  The Age-Friendly Cities and Communities Guide was released by the World Health Organization over a decade ago with the aim of creating environments that support healthy ageing. The comprehensive framework includes the domains of outdoor spaces and buildings, transportation, housing, social participation, respect and inclusion, civic participation and employment, communication and information, and community and health services. A major critique of the age-friendly community movement has argued for a more clearly defined scope of actions, the need to measure or quantify results and increase the connections to policy and funding levers. This paper provides a quantifiable spatial indicators framework to assess local lived environments according to each Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFC) domain. The selection of these AFC spatial indicators can be applied within local neighbourhoods, census tracts, suburbs, municipalities, or cities with minimal resource requirements other than applied spatial analysis, which addresses past critiques of the Age-Friendly Community movement. The framework has great potential for applications within local, national, and international policy and planning contexts in the future.


id: cord-291184-uza4orb8
author: Lyra, Wladimir
date: 2020-04-14
txt: ./txt/cord-291184-uza4orb8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291184-uza4orb8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20060053
doi: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20060053
summary:
  We find that starting from 60% horizontal confinement, an exit strategy on May 1st of confinement of individuals older than 60 years old and full release of the younger population results in 400 000 hospitalizations, 50 000 ICU cases, and 120 000 deaths in the 50-60 years old age group alone. 29 Here we develop an SIR type compartmental models for COVID-19 including both 30 symptomatic and asymptomatic, quarantined, and hospitalized while taking into 31 consideration differences by age groups. The timescales σ, γ, θ, and ξ, as well as the fractions p and w, are found by Markov 152 chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) fitting, with priors as given in Table 1 Fig. 4a shows the evolution of the compartments of exposed (E), asymptomatic (A), 166 symptomatic (I), and hospitalized (H), in linear scale. Collapse of health care system can be avoided if vertical 213 confinement is instored on people who are 60 or older, but at the expense of a significant 214 number of extra ICU cases for the 50-60 age bin.

title:
  COVID-19 pandemics modeling with SEIR(+CAQH), social distancing, and age stratification. The effect of vertical confinement and release in Brazil.

abstract:
  The ongoing COVID-19 epidemics poses a particular challenge to low and middle income countries, making some of them consider the strategy of vertical confinement. In this strategy, contact is reduced only to specific groups (like age groups) that are at increased risk of severe disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aim to assess the feasibility of this scenario as an exit strategy for the current lockdown in terms of its ability to keep the number of cases under the health care system capacity. We developed a modified SEIR model, including confinement, asymptomatic transmission, quarantine and hospitalization. The population is subdivided into 9 age groups, resulting in a system of 72 coupled nonlinear differential equations. The rate of transmission is dynamic and derived from the observed delayed fatality rate; the parameters of the epidemics are derived with a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We used Brazil as an example of middle income country, but the results are easily generalizable to other countries considering a similar strategy. We find that starting from 60% horizontal confinement, an exit strategy on May 1st of confinement of individuals older than 60 years old and full release of the younger population results in 400 000 hospitalizations, 50 000 ICU cases, and 120 000 deaths in the 50-60 years old age group alone. The health care system avoids collapse if the 50-60 years old are also confined, but our model assumes an idealized lockdown where the confined are perfectly insulated from contamination, so our numbers are a conservative lower bound. Our results discourage confinement by age as an exit strategy.


id: cord-292024-ae7rauc6
title: Immunosenescence is both functional/adaptive and dysfunctional/maladaptive
author: Fulop, T.
date: 2020-09-15
txt: ./txt/cord-292024-ae7rauc6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-292024-ae7rauc6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-020-00818-9
doi: 10.1007/s00281-020-00818-9
summary:
  The increased numbers and activity of certain innate or innate-like immune cell subsets with aging might be considered host responses to compensate for the drastic decline in adaptive immune cell development and function [95] . Several studies have also indicated age-related functional changes in DCs, such as impaired expression of TLRs [115] ; decreased production of cytokines, chemokines, and IFN-a after TLR stimulation [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] ; and increased responses to self-antigen [117] . In the meantime, senescent T cells, analogously to other senescent cells arising with age in the body, produce large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines (a phenomenon called senescence-associated secretory phenotype, SASP) as stated by the inflammaging characteristics of the human immune system [141, 142] . Given the central role of Treg cells in immune homeostasis, age-related loss of Treg function would be predicted to render the host susceptible to excessive immunity, encountered in elderly humans as a syndrome of chronic low-grade inflammation [172] .

abstract:
  Alterations in the immune system with aging are considered to underlie many age-related diseases. However, many elderly individuals remain healthy until even a very advanced age. There is also an increase in numbers of centenarians and their apparent fitness. We should therefore change our unilaterally detrimental consideration of age-related immune changes. Recent data taking into consideration the immunobiography concept may allow for meaningful distinctions among various aging trajectories. This implies that the aging immune system has a homeodynamic characteristic balanced between adaptive and maladaptive aspects. The survival and health of an individual depends from the equilibrium of this balance. In this article, we highlight which parts of the aging of the immune system may be considered adaptive in contrast to those that may be maladaptive.


id: cord-294180-t5bncpo4
title: Aging and Coronavirus: Exploring Complementary Therapies to Avoid Inflammatory Overload
author: Neto, Leônidas Oliveira
date: 2020-06-26
txt: ./txt/cord-294180-t5bncpo4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-294180-t5bncpo4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00354
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00354
abstract: nan
summary:
  It is interesting to highlight that both aging and chronic diseases are linked to an increase in levels of systemic inflammation, which could explain a potential common pathway between these factors and COVID-19. In this context, lifestyle and nutraceuticals arise as important prophylactic interventions to reduce the burden of baseline inflammation in older adults and consequently improve quality of life, mobility, cognition, mood, and metabolic and immune balances, especially during the pandemic. Vitamin D, or more specifically, 25hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D], is an anti-inflammatory nutrient (41) , and reduces the activation of the renin-angiotensin system, preventing hypertension (42), besides its importance to bone and muscle, an inverse relationship is also observed between its levels and mortality risk in old adults (43) . Furthermore, reducing sedentary behavior and engaging in exercise may increasing the production of systemic anti-inflammatory cytokines and help to combat inflammation (63, 64) by increasing innate immune function (65) and decreasing the chronic inflammation related to various diseases (66) .


id: cord-294501-1nf98mpb
title: Inflamm-aging: Why older men are the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 complicated outcomes
author: Bonafè, Massimiliano
date: 2020-05-03
txt: ./txt/cord-294501-1nf98mpb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-294501-1nf98mpb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32389499/
doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.04.005
summary:
  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by a high mortality of elderly men with age-related comorbidities. Consistent with this finding, the ability of DCs and macrophages to elicit CD8 + T cell response and proliferation and to release antiviral cytokines is impaired in elderly individuals [34] ; in parallel, these subjects are characterized by a reduced activity of plasmacytoid DCs, the main sources of type I IFNs, which underpin the antiviral response and provide the first-line sentinels in immune surveillance, also in the lung [35] . 4. In older men with age-related diseases, the aging-dependent reduction in ACE2 activity worsens SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2, the main SARS-CoV2 host cell receptor, plays a crucial role in virus entry into the cell, as previously demonstrated in SARS and NL63 human coronaviruses [41] . In these individuals, acute SARS-CoV-2 infection compounds their chronic, subclinical, aging-related proinflammatory state (inflamm-aging) which, together with immune senescence and the age-and gender-specific distribution of ACE2 in the airway epithelia, could blunt the antiviral response to inflammation.

abstract:
  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by a high mortality of elderly men with age-related comorbidities. In most of these patients, uncontrolled local and systemic hyperinflammation induces severe and often lethal outcomes. The aging process is characterized by the gradual development of a chronic subclinical systemic inflammation (inflamm-aging) and by acquired immune system impairment (immune senescence). Here, we advance the hypothesis that four well-recognized features of aging contribute to the disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 mortality suffered by elderly men: i. the presence of subclinical systemic inflammation without overt disease, ii. a blunted acquired immune system and type I interferon response due to the chronic inflammation; iii. the downregulation of ACE2 (i.e. the SARS-CoV-2 receptor); and iv. accelerated biological aging. The high mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests that clarification of the mechanisms of inflamm-aging and immune senescence can help combat not only age-related disorders but also SARS-CoV-2 infection.


id: cord-296494-6kn4mr04
author: Saban-Ruiz, J.
date: 2020-05-12
txt: ./txt/cord-296494-6kn4mr04.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-296494-6kn4mr04.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1385-5
doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1385-5
summary:
  Bearing this in mind, it is quite likely, that if we have fewer complications, particularly severe ones (cardiac arrest, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, acute heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, haemorrhagic or massive ischaemic stroke), this integrated approach could cut down the elevated mortality in the highest risk group (cancer, COPD and oldest subjects with comorbidities), usually preceded by a multi-organ failure. In aged COVID-19 patients or with history of coronary artery disease (CAD) an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can also be seen for plaque vulnerability in the presence of a pro-inflammatory state with cytokine release (71) but from the experience in animals, could it be plausible that any of them could be due to arteritis? The third aspect would be the combination of T2DM and Heart failure (HF) (the most frequent cardiac complication in any of the phases of the disease), which is present in a high percentage of patients, especially those at higher risk.

title:
  COVID-19: A Personalized Cardiometabolic Approach for Reducing Complications and Costs. The Role of Aging Beyond Topics

abstract:
  COVID 19 is much more than an infectious disease by SARS-CoV-2 followed by a disproportionate immune response. An older age, diabetes and history of cardiovascular disease, especially hypertension, but also chronic heart failure and coronary artery disease among others, are between the most important risk factors. In addition, during the hospitalization both hyperglycaemia and heart failure are frequent. Less frequent are acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmias and stroke. Accordingly, not all prolonged stays or even deaths are due directly to SARS-CoV-2. To our knowledge, this is the first review, focusing both on cardiovascular and metabolic aspects of this dreadful disease, in an integrated and personalized way, following the guidelines of the Cardiometabolic Health/Medicine. Therefore, current personalized aspects such as ACEIs and ARBs, the place of statins and the most appropriate management of heart failure in diabetics are analysed. Aging, better than old age, as a dynamic process, is also considered in this review for the first time in the literature, and not only as a risk factor attributed to cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities. Immunosenescence is also approached to build healthier elders, so they can resist present and future infectious diseases, and not only in epidemics or pandemics. In addition, to do this we must start knowing the molecular mechanisms that underlying Aging process in general, and immunosenescence in particular. Surprisingly, the endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy are implicated in both process. Finally, with a training in all the aspects covered in this review, not only the hospital stay, complications and costs of this frightening disease in high-risk population should be reduced. Likely, this paper will open a gate to the future for open-minded physicians.


id: cord-304365-al3p52uj
title: Mortality of Life‐Insured Swedish Cats during 1999–2006: Age, Breed, Sex, and Diagnosis
author: Egenvall, A.
date: 2009-09-22
txt: ./txt/cord-304365-al3p52uj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-304365-al3p52uj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0396.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0396.x
summary:
  The aim was to describe patterns of mortality in Swedish cats covered by a life insurance plan between 1999 and 2006, with respect to sex, age, breed, and diagnosis and to present survival to various ages crudely, by breed and time period. Variables used in this study included cat identification, sex, date of birth, breed, life insurance coverage, and diagnostic codes for cause of death. Age-standardized MRs (ASMR, which adjusts for differences in age distributions across groups or categories) have been calculated both for the whole period and yearly and are expressed as deaths per 10,000 CYAR (data on age category 9 o 10 years and over were amalgamated for standardization). Standard errors times 1.96 yielded 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for ASMRs 8 and age category-specific MRs. 9 Age standardized MRs, and MRs, respectively, have been calculated crudely, yearly, by sex, breed group, breed, diagnostic category, diagnosis, and by combinations thereof as well as for withdrawal unrelated to death.

abstract:
  Background: A cat life insurance database can potentially be used to study feline mortality. Hypothesis: The aim was to describe patterns of mortality in life‐insured Swedish cats. Cats: All cats (<13 years of age) with life insurance during the period 1999–2006 were included. Methods: Age‐standardized mortality rates (MR) were calculated with respect to sex (males and females), age, breed, and diagnosis. Survival to various ages is presented by time period and breed. Results: The total number of cats insured was 49,450 and the number of cat‐years at risk (CYAR) was 142,049. During the period, 6,491 cats died and of these 4,591 cats (71%) had a diagnosis, ie, were claimed for life insurance. The average annual MR was 462 deaths per 10,000 CYAR (95% confidence interval, 431–493). Sex‐specific rates did not differ significantly. The overall mortality of the Persian and the Siamese groups was higher than that of several other breeds. Overall and breed‐specific (for most breeds) survival increased with time when analyzed by 2‐year periods. The 6 most common diagnostic categories (ignoring cats recorded as dead with no diagnosis) were urinary, traumatic, neoplastic, infectious, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal. The MR within diagnostic categories varied by age and breed. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: In this mainly purebred, insured cat population, the overall mortality varied with age and breed but not with sex. The increase in survival over time is likely a reflection of willingness to keep pet cats longer and increased access to and sophistication of veterinary care.


id: cord-305475-lhi0hcki
title: Human bocavirus types 1, 2 and 3 in acute gastroenteritis of childhood
author: Risku, Minna
date: 2012-05-24
txt: ./txt/cord-305475-lhi0hcki.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-305475-lhi0hcki.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22568605/
doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02727.x
summary:
  We studied 878 stool specimens from children with acute gastroenteritis and 112 controls (43 children with unspecified fever, 33 with respiratory tract infection and 36 healthy children) for known HBoVs. The same specimens were previously studied for rotaviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses and aichivirus. As in the case of the respiratory tract, simultaneous presence of HBoV1 with other, previously established gastroenteritis viruses is common in faecal specimens (10, 12, 13) , and no clear connection between HBoV1 and AGE of children has been established (11, 13, 14) . We did a thorough work-up of most of the established gastroenteritis viruses including rotaviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses, enteric adenoviruses, coronaviruses and aichivirus (astroviruses or bacterial pathogens were not studied) and found co-infections in 81.2% of all bocavirus-positive AGE cases. Human bocavirus in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis: a case-control study

abstract:
  Aim: Recently identified human bocavirus (HBoV) types 2 and 3 have been associated with acute gastroenteritis in children. We studied 878 stool specimens from children with acute gastroenteritis and 112 controls (43 children with unspecified fever, 33 with respiratory tract infection and 36 healthy children) for known HBoVs. The same specimens were previously studied for rotaviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses and aichivirus. Methods: HBoVs were detected by PCR and positive amplicons were sequenced to identify HBoV1, HBoV2, HBoV3 and HBoV4. Results: HBoV of any type was found in 85 (9.7%) cases of acute gastroenteritis and in 6 (5.4%) controls. HBoV1 was detected in 49 (5.6%) cases and 2 (1.8%) controls, HBoV2 in 29 (3.3%) cases and 2 (1.8%) controls and HBoV3 in 8 (0.9%) cases and 2 (1.8%) controls. No HBoV4 was found. HBoV as a single infection was found in 16 (1.8%) cases and in 6 (5.4%) controls; in the remaining cases, a known gastroenteritis virus was also found. Among the single HBoV infections, HBoV2 was the most common type with 8 (50%) cases. Conclusion: HBoVs are rarely found alone in children with acute gastroenteritis. Further studies are warranted to confirm a possible specific association of HBoV2 with gastroenteritis.


id: cord-305743-rnfn6opa
title: Innovations in Geroscience to enhance mobility in older adults
author: Anton, Stephen D.
date: 2020-10-22
txt: ./txt/cord-305743-rnfn6opa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-305743-rnfn6opa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S053155652030471X?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111123
summary:
  Aging is the primary risk factor for functional decline; thus, understanding and preventing disability among older adults has emerged as an important public health challenge of the 21st century. Given the aging US population, the disproportionately high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in older adults is a significant public health concern, as it substantially increases the risk for cardiovascular disease J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof (CVD) [27] [28] [29] [30] and is associated with increased all-cause mortality, disability, CVD mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke [31] . Age-related life changes that increase susceptibility to social isolation and loneliness includes changes in health status limiting functioning and mobility; changes in family structure (divorce, childless); death of friends, family members, and spouse; auditory and visual changes reducing the ability to communicate and interact; and resource reductions including healthcare access and quality of care [135] .

abstract:
  Aging is the primary risk factor for functional decline; thus, understanding and preventing disability among older adults has emerged as an important public health challenge of the 21st century. The science of gerontology – or geroscience - has the practical purpose of “adding life to the years.” The overall goal of geroscience is to increase healthspan, which refers to extending the portion of the lifespan in which the individual experiences enjoyment, satisfaction, and wellness. An important facet of this goal is preserving mobility, defined as the ability to move independently. Despite this clear purpose, this has proven to be a challenging endeavor as mobility and function in later life are influenced by a complex interaction of factors across multiple domains. Moreover, findings over the past decade have highlighted the complexity of walking and how targeting multiple systems, including the brain and sensory organs, as well as the environment in which a person lives, can have a dramatic effect on an older person's mobility and function. For these reasons, behavioral interventions that incorporate complex walking tasks and other activities of daily living appear to be especially helpful for improving mobility function. Other pharmaceutical interventions, such as oxytocin, and complementary and alternative interventions, such as massage therapy, may enhance physical function both through direct effects on biological mechanisms related to mobility, as well as indirectly through modulation of cognitive and socioemotional processes. Thus, the purpose of the present review is to describe evolving interventional approaches to enhance mobility and maintain healthspan in the growing population of older adults in the United States and countries throughout the world. Such interventions are likely to be greatly assisted by technological advances and the widespread adoption of virtual communications during and after the COVID-19 era.


id: cord-306210-ny3vvu9h
author: Clarfield, A. Mark
date: 2020-11-12
txt: ./txt/cord-306210-ny3vvu9h.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-306210-ny3vvu9h.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33183358/
doi: 10.1186/s13584-020-00416-y
summary:
  Furthermore, advancing age (from about 60 on), even in those older persons without any accompanying illnesses, is a strong and independent risk factor for pneumonia, need for an ICU bed and death from the virus. Recommendations include the Ministry of Health publishing clear guidelines as to risk factors and offering sensible advice on how to practice physical (not "social") distancing without exacerbating an older person''s sense of social isolation. Although we are dealing with a fast and erratically moving target, with the present situation in mind this paper will elucidate relevant issues and offer policy recommendations germane to when and how older persons can minimize risk and at some point in the future return to their pre-COVID-19 routine in Israel. A step-by-step proposal 1) With respect to the at-risk populations (those with relevant medical illnesses and older age), so far, even though the number of infected person is rising once again, at the date of writing (late October, 2020) the program recommended herein is still voluntary.

title:
  Age, ageing, ageism and “age-itation” in the Age of COVID-19: rights and obligations relating to older persons in Israel as observed through the lens of medical ethics

abstract:
  COVID-19, the illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has reached pandemic proportions. Although the virus can cause disease in anyone, it is particularly dangerous for those with various “co-morbidities” such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and others. Furthermore, advancing age (from about 60 on), even in those older persons without any accompanying illnesses, is a strong and independent risk factor for pneumonia, need for an ICU bed and death from the virus. It is therefore essential to find ways to protect all at-risk persons (old or young) from the virus but at the same time not harming, more than absolutely necessary their essential freedoms as well as taking into account their social/psychological needs. Compared with other OECD countries, Israel’s population is still relatively young, with only 11.5% being over 65+ with a smaller proportion of older persons in long-term institutions than that found in most other comparable jurisdictions. These factors might explain a part of the country’s (so far) relatively low rates of serious disease and mortality compared to those seen in other developed countries. However there are still over a million older citizens at risk and the numbers of infected, hospitalized and seriously ill persons are rising once again. This is no time for complacency. An analysis of the effect of age on the disease as seen through the principles of medical ethics is followed by a proposal as to how best to balance these sometimes conflicting goals. This paper relates mainly to older persons in the community since the Ministry of Health early on in the pandemic initiated an effective program (Magen Avot) meant to protect those older persons in long-term care institutions. Recommendations include the Ministry of Health publishing clear guidelines as to risk factors and offering sensible advice on how to practice physical (not “social”) distancing without exacerbating an older person’s sense of social isolation. In order to reduce the incidence of influenza (which can clinically be confused with COVID-19) and the potentially disastrous consequences of a “double pandemic” this coming winter, a robust flu vaccination program needs immediate implementation. Persons at all ages (but especially those 60+) should be encouraged and assisted to sign advance directives, especially those who do not wish to undergo invasive therapy. An individual older person’s wish to “make way” for younger people should be respected as an expression of his/her autonomy. As we enter the second wave, triage mechanisms and protocols need to be circulated in readiness for and well before a situation in which an acute imbalance develops between the availability for acute resources and the population’s need for them. The Ministry of Health, in cooperation with other relevant ministries and NGOs, should take the lead in developing plans, ensuring that they are carried out in an orderly, timely and transparent manner. The blanket is indeed not large enough but we must place it as judiciously as possible in order as much as possible to protect, cover and keep warm the body politic. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s13584-020-00416-y.


id: cord-306504-0wq7rc6s
title: Aging at Work: A Review of Recent Trends and Future Directions
author: Barakovic Husic, Jasmina
date: 2020-10-20
txt: ./txt/cord-306504-0wq7rc6s.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-306504-0wq7rc6s.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207659
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207659
summary:
  In order to answer the research questions, we examined studies on the aging labour force that were published between January 2008 and August 2019, to recognize the trends in the literature written in English with respect to motivation issues and potential solutions. Older workers with high job satisfaction, development possibilities, affirmative relations to management, and no age discrimination stayed longer in the work market. Ageism, employment discrimination, gender, work [33] To investigate the age-related connection between job stress, extreme tiredness, prosperity, and associated personal, institutional, and community factors. Job/age/disability discrimination [36] To investigate the relation between psychosocial factors and pension intention of older employees, while considering healthiness and work ability. Older farmers, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, pension age [8] To investigate the action plans that workers use to acquire skills in software and complete assignments Exploratory study (interviews, surveys).

abstract:
  Demographic data suggest a rapid aging trend in the active workforce. The concept of aging at work comes from the urgent requirement to help the aging workforce of the contemporary industries to maintain productivity while achieving a work and private life balance. While there is plenty of research focusing on the aging population, current research activities on policies covering the concept of aging at work are limited and conceptually different. This paper aims to review publications on aging at work, which could lead to the creation of a framework that targets governmental decision-makers, the non-governmental sector, the private sector, and all of those who are responsible for the formulation of policies on aging at work. In August 2019 we searched for peer-reviewed articles in English that were indexed in PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Springer and published between 2008 and 2019. The keywords included the following phrases: “successful aging at work”, “active aging at work”, “healthy aging at work”, “productive aging at work”, and “older adults at work”. A total of 47,330 publications were found through database searching, and 25,187 publications were screened. Afterwards, 7756 screened publications were excluded from the further analysis, and a total of 17,431 article abstracts were evaluated for inclusion. Finally, further qualitative analysis included 1375 articles, of which about 24 are discussed in this article. The most prominent works suggest policies that encourage life-long learning, and a workforce that comprises both younger and older workers, as well as gradual retirement.


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
title: The geroscience agenda: What does stress have to do with it?
author: Epel, Elissa S.
date: 2020-09-28
txt: ./txt/cord-309161-ceahghs1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-309161-ceahghs1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1568163720303020
doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101167
summary:
  While there are myriad individual patterns of exposures, traumatic stress or material deprivation have larger effects early in life than when they occur at later periods; Early life adversity is predictive of a range of poor outcomes, including poor mental health, health behaviors, biomarkers of aging, and earlier disease onset (Deighton et al., 2018; Hughes et al., 2017) although plasticity is still possible (McEwen & Morrison, 2013) . Several of these basic mechanisms in immune cells have been associated with aspects of social stress, including systemic inflammation and shorter telomeres (Epel et al., 2004; Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 2011; Miller et al., 2008) poor mitochondrial function (Picard et al., 2018) , and accelerated epigenetic aging (Park et al., 2019; Wolf et al., 2018) . Stress resilience depends in part on the pre-existing level of reserve capacity, the positive protective factors of an organism, as well as the immediate adaptive psychological response to stressors (cognitive appraisals).

abstract:
  Geroscience offers a counterpoint to the challenged pursuit of curing diseases of aging by focusing on slowing the biological aging process for extended healthspan earlier in life. Remarkable progress has led this field toward animal trials and the next challenge lies with translation to humans. There is an emerging number of small human trials that can take advantage of new models integrating behavioral and social factors. Understanding dynamic aging mechanisms, given the powerful social determinants of aging (Crimmins, 2019) and human variability and environmental contexts (Moffitt, 2019), will be critical. Behavioral and social factors are intrinsic to aging. Toxic stressors broadly defined can lead to stress-acceleration of aging, either directly impacting aging processes or by shaping poor behavioral health, and underlie the socioeconomic disparities of aging. In contrast, hormetic stressors, acute intermittent stressors of moderate intensity, can produce stress resilience, the ability for quick recovery and possibly rejuvenation of cells and tissues. Although health research usually examines static biomarkers, aging is reflected in ability to recover from challenges pointing to new interventions and targets for examining mechanisms. A fuller model incorporating stress resilience provides innovative biobehavioral interventions, both for bolstering response to challenges, such as COVID-19, and for improving healthspan.


id: cord-309556-xv3413k1
title: The aging transcriptome and cellular landscape of the human lung in relation to SARS-CoV-2
author: Chow, Ryan D.
date: 2020-04-15
txt: ./txt/cord-309556-xv3413k1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-309556-xv3413k1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.07.030684
doi: 10.1101/2020.04.07.030684
summary:
  In aggregate, these analyses showed that the age-associated genes with functional roles in SARS-CoV are expressed in specific cell types of the human lung. Of note, the overlap between lung ageassociated genes and SARS-CoV-2 regulated genes was statistically significant across all 3 cell lines (Figure 6d-f) , suggesting a degree of similarity between the transcriptional changes associated with aging and with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among the age-associated genes that were induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, the majority of these genes increase in expression with age (Cluster 1) (Figure 6g-i) . To identify a consensus set of age-associated genes that are regulated by SARS-CoV-2 infection, we integrated the analyses from all 3 cell lines. By integrating these data with single cell transcriptomes of human lung tissue, we further pinpointed the specific cell types that normally express the age-associated genes.

abstract:
  Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across the globe. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that age is one of the strongest risk factors influencing the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. Here, we interrogate the transcriptional features and cellular landscapes of the aging human lung through integrative analysis of bulk and single-cell transcriptomics. By intersecting these age-associated changes with experimental data on host interactions between SARS-CoV-2 or its relative SARS-CoV, we identify several age-associated factors that may contribute to the heightened severity of COVID-19 in older populations. We observed that age-associated gene expression and cell populations are significantly linked to the heightened severity of COVID-19 in older populations. The aging lung is characterized by increased vascular smooth muscle contraction, reduced mitochondrial activity, and decreased lipid metabolism. Lung epithelial cells, macrophages, and Th1 cells decrease in abundance with age, whereas fibroblasts, pericytes and CD4+ Tcm cells increase in abundance with age. Several age-associated genes have functional effects on SARS-CoV replication, and directly interact with the SARS-CoV-2 proteome. Interestingly, age-associated genes are heavily enriched among those induced or suppressed by SARS-CoV-2 infection. These analyses illuminate potential avenues for further studies on the relationship between the aging lung and COVID-19 pathogenesis, which may inform strategies to more effectively treat this disease.


id: cord-309809-zvh2k97q
title: Age Moderates Perceived COVID-19 Disruption on Well-being
author: Knepple Carney, Amy
date: 2020-08-18
txt: ./txt/cord-309809-zvh2k97q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-309809-zvh2k97q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32808660/
doi: 10.1093/geront/gnaa106
summary:
  DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Findings are consistent with the strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model, wherein older adults try to maintain positive emotional well-being; with middle-aged and older adults in the current study having experienced less negative impact on well-being. Even in non-crisis situations, regardless of age, higher levels of global perceived stress heighten a person''s negative affective response to stress (Scott et al., 2013) ; although, older adults in another study reported less of an increase in negative affect when faced with a daily stressor, compared to younger adults (Uchino, et al., 2006) . Consistent with previous findings on stress (Uchino, et al., 2006) , the current study found that when faced with a stressor, in this case a global pandemic, middle-aged and older adults may be better at regulating their emotions even when they perceive the stressor as disruptive.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is not fully understood how large-scale events affect well-being. Older adults showed the highest levels of resilience following the September 11(th) (9/11) terrorist attacks, but during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak there were no age-related differences in well-being. The current study examined the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disruption on well-being throughout adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Perceived stress and affect were examined in 166 community-dwelling adults (Mage=35.65; SD=15.53; range=18-79) in relation to the perceived disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic to their lives. RESULTS: A significant moderation was found for age and COVID-19 disruption on perceived stress [F(5, 153) = 8.88, p & .05, R(2)= .22] and negative affect [F(5, 154) = 4.91, p & .05, R(2)= .14], but not for positive affect. For participants over 50, those who rated COVID-19 as a low or high disruption had similar scores on stress and negative affect, but with younger aged participants, perceiving high disruption corresponded with higher levels of stress and negative affect. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Findings are consistent with the strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model, wherein older adults try to maintain positive emotional well-being; with middle-aged and older adults in the current study having experienced less negative impact on well-being. Middle-aged and older adults may be better able to regulate negative emotions, from COVID-19, than younger adults. SAVI proposes a greater negative impact on older adults when they experience sustained stressors; as the challenges with COVID-19 continue, further data will need to be examined.


id: cord-309885-6sjxi2et
author: Maremanda, Krishna P.
date: 2020-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-309885-6sjxi2et.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-309885-6sjxi2et.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.584637
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584637
summary:
  title: Age-Dependent Assessment of Genes Involved in Cellular Senescence, Telomere, and Mitochondrial Pathways in Human Lung Tissue of Smokers, COPD, and IPF: Associations With SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 ACE2-TMPRSS2-Furin-DPP4 Axis RESULTS: Several genes were differentially expressed in younger and older smokers, and patients with COPD and IPF compared to non-smokers which were part of the mitochondrial biogenesis/function (HSPD1, FEN1, COX18, COX10, UCP2 & 3), cellular senescence (PCNA, PTEN, KLOTHO, CDKN1C, TNKS2, NFATC1 & 2, GADD45A), and telomere replication/maintenance (PARP1, SIRT6, NBN, TERT, RAD17, SLX4, HAT1) target genes. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings suggest that altered transcription of target genes that regulate mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, and telomere attrition in the pathobiology of lung aging in COPD and IPF is associated with alterations in SARS-CoV-2 ACE2-TMPRSS2-Furin-DPP4 axis as pharmacological targets for COVID-19.

title:
  Age-Dependent Assessment of Genes Involved in Cellular Senescence, Telomere, and Mitochondrial Pathways in Human Lung Tissue of Smokers, COPD, and IPF: Associations With SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 ACE2-TMPRSS2-Furin-DPP4 Axis

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Aging is one of the key contributing factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and other chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Here, we determined how aging contributes to the altered gene expression related to mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, and telomeric length processes that play an important role in the progression of COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). METHODS: Total RNA from the human lung tissues of non-smokers, smokers, and patients with COPD and IPF were processed and analyzed using a Nanostring platform based on their ages (younger: <55 years and older: >55 years). RESULTS: Several genes were differentially expressed in younger and older smokers, and patients with COPD and IPF compared to non-smokers which were part of the mitochondrial biogenesis/function (HSPD1, FEN1, COX18, COX10, UCP2 & 3), cellular senescence (PCNA, PTEN, KLOTHO, CDKN1C, TNKS2, NFATC1 & 2, GADD45A), and telomere replication/maintenance (PARP1, SIRT6, NBN, TERT, RAD17, SLX4, HAT1) target genes. Interestingly, NOX4 and TNKS2 were increased in the young IPF as compared to the young COPD patients. Genes in the mitochondrial dynamics and quality control mechanisms like FIS1 and RHOT2 were decreased in young IPF compared to their age matched COPD subjects. ERCC1 and GADD45B were higher in young COPD as compared to IPF. Aging plays an important role in various infectious diseases including the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lung immunoblot analysis of smokers, COPD and IPF subjects revealed increased abundance of proteases and receptor/spike protein like TMPRSS2, furin, and DPP4 in association with a slight increase in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor ACE2 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings suggest that altered transcription of target genes that regulate mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, and telomere attrition in the pathobiology of lung aging in COPD and IPF is associated with alterations in SARS-CoV-2 ACE2-TMPRSS2-Furin-DPP4 axis as pharmacological targets for COVID-19.


id: cord-311029-x0lk4110
title: Covid-19 Pandemic: Maximizing Future Vaccination Treatments Considering Aging and Frailty
author: Palermo, Sara
date: 2020-09-18
txt: ./txt/cord-311029-x0lk4110.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-311029-x0lk4110.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.558835
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.558835
summary:
  For that reason, the Clinical Trials Regulation (EC) No. 536/2014 states that "in order to improve treatments available for vulnerable groups such as frail or older people, people suffering from multiple chronic conditions, and people affected by mental health disorders, medicinal products which are likely to be of significant clinical value should be fully and appropriately studied for their effects in these specific groups, including as regards requirements related to their specific characteristics and the protection of the health and well-being of subjects belonging to these groups." Indeed, EMA develops scientific guidelines to help medicine developers address the specific requirements of older people in their medicine development programs, including in the design and conduct of clinical trials. EMA disclosed a reflection paper on "Physical frailty: instruments for baseline characterization of older populations in clinical trials" (7), actively recognizing the importance of considering the various types of aging when experimenting and developing new pharmacological treatments.

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic is proving to be a multiplier of inequalities. Especially toward the elderly population. A voiceless scream that comes from geriatrics, nursing homes, hospices from all over Italy. They call it the silent massacre: from North to South, the bulletin of coronavirus positive—or already deceased—elderly people continues to grow exponentially without a chance to counter it. Population aging and chronicity are a question that needs to be addressed. Frailty is the most challenging expression of population aging, with major consequences for public health and clinical practice. It is a geriatric syndrome which consists in a state of higher vulnerability to stressors attributed to a lower homeostatic reserve due to an age-related multisystem physiological change. People over 60, and especially over 80, are particularly vulnerable to severe or fatal infection. Moreover, the age-related dysregulation of the immune system in the elderly (i.e., immunosenescence and inflammaging) results in poorer responses to vaccination. Physical frailty is an effective health indicator and it has previously shown to predict the response to the seasonal flu vaccine. These findings suggest that assessing frailty in the elderly may identify those who are less likely to respond to immunization and be at higher risk for COVID-19 and its complications. Moreover, cognitive frailty and neurocognitive disorders, mental health and reduced awareness of illness negatively impact on adherence to complex medication regimens among elderly patients. A worldwide research and development blueprint have been initiated to accelerate the development of vaccines and therapeutics for the COVID-19 outbreak. Considered the above, I suggest the importance to consider aging in thinking about future Civud-19 vaccination and treatment, focusing on the possible impact of physical and cognitive frailty.


id: cord-312840-jvdph782
title: Determining the dynamics of influenza transmission by age
author: White, Laura F
date: 2014-03-21
txt: ./txt/cord-312840-jvdph782.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-312840-jvdph782.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-7622-11-4
doi: 10.1186/1742-7622-11-4
summary:
  We introduce a simple method to estimate the reproductive number by modifying the method originally proposed by Wallinga and Teunis and using existing information on contact patterns between age groups. Studies examining disease transmission by age have consistently shown that children have higher estimated values of the reproductive number than adults. Figures 3a and 3b shows the estimates of R 0 across the 10 age groups obtained when using contact patterns from South Africa and the eight European countries in the PolyMod study for all close contacts (Figure 3a ) and all contacts involving physical touch (Figure 3b ). We present a novel approach to estimating the effective and basic reproductive number by age group, and have applied this method to data from the 2009 Influenza H1N1pdm in Gauteng Province in South Africa. We have applied a novel method to estimate transmission patterns between individuals from different age groups during the 2009 Influenza H1N1pdm in South Africa.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that influenza transmission dynamics vary by age; however methods to quantify the reproductive number by age group are limited. We introduce a simple method to estimate the reproductive number by modifying the method originally proposed by Wallinga and Teunis and using existing information on contact patterns between age groups. We additionally perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the potential impact of differential healthcare seeking patterns by age. We illustrate this method using data from the 2009 H1N1 Influenza pandemic in Gauteng Province, South Africa. RESULTS: Our results are consistent with others in showing decreased transmission with age. We show that results can change markedly when we make the account for differential healthcare seeking behaviors by age. CONCLUSIONS: We show substantial heterogeneity in transmission by age group during the Influenza A H1N1 pandemic in South Africa. This information can greatly assist in targeting interventions and implementing social distancing measures.


id: cord-313218-4rbxdimf
author: Narushima, Miya
date: 2020-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-313218-4rbxdimf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-313218-4rbxdimf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890406520300451
doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2020.100875
summary:
  However, we also found that older women are largely silent about their needs, and that experiences varied depending on life histories, health conditions, and the availability of supports in their wider environment (home care, alternative housing options, accessible transportation, opportunities for social and physical activities). Comparing the 2011 and 2016 censuses, the ratio of people aged 65 and older living in "collective dwellings" (e.g., assisted living, supportive housing, retirement residences, seniors'' apartments, continuum care facilities, and nursing homes) has dropped from 7.9% to 6.9% (Garner, Tanuseputro, Manuel, & Sanmartin, 2018; Statistics Canada, 2012) . For example, in a public guide issued by the federal government, "aging in place" is defined as "having access to services and the health and social supports and services you need to live safely and independently in your home or your community for as long as you wish and are able" (Federal/Provincial/Territorial Ministers Responsible for Seniors, 2015, p.1).

title:
  “Fiercely independent”: Experiences of aging in the right place of older women living alone with physical limitations

abstract:
  This study explores the experience of aging among older Canadian women with physical limitations who live by themselves. While aging in place has been a policy priority in rapidly greying Canada, a lack of complementary public supports poses challenges for many older adults and their family members. Employing a qualitative methodology, and drawing from the notion of aging in the right place, we collected personal narratives of 12 women (aged 65 to 92) in two geographic areas in Ontario, including residents of regular houses, apartments, condominiums, assisted living and community housing for seniors. Through thematic analysis, we identified four overarching themes: 1) striving to continue on “at home”, 2) living as a “strong independent woman”, 3) the help needed to support their “independence”, and 4) social activities to maintain self. Our findings illustrate how, despite their mobility limitations, older women can change their residential environment and their behavior by deploying the coping strategies and resources they have developed over time. However, we also found that older women are largely silent about their needs, and that experiences varied depending on life histories, health conditions, and the availability of supports in their wider environment (home care, alternative housing options, accessible transportation, opportunities for social and physical activities). We hope these findings will incite further studies and discussion to help make aging in the right place a real choice for anyone who wishes to do so.


id: cord-315126-713k0b9u
author: Rudolph, Cort W.
date: 2020-09-04
txt: ./txt/cord-315126-713k0b9u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-315126-713k0b9u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-020-09715-2
doi: 10.1007/s10869-020-09715-2
summary:
  Second, with these debunked myths as a backdrop, we focus on two alternative and complementary frameworks—the social constructionist perspective and the lifespan development perspective—with promise for changing the way we think about age, aging, and generations at work. We argue that the social constructionist perspective offers important opportunities for understanding the persistence and pervasiveness of generations and that, as an alternative to studying generations, the lifespan perspective represents a better model for understanding how age operates and development unfolds at work. These complementary approaches-the social constructionist and the lifespan development perspective-offer alternative paths forward for studying age and age-related processes at work that do not require a reliance on generational explanations. The social constructionist perspective also encourages changing the discourse among practitioners, shifting the focus away from managing generations as discrete groups and toward developing more age-conscious personnel practices, policies, and procedures that support workers across the entirety of their working lifespans (e.g., Rudolph & Zacher, 2020c) .

title:
  Generations and Generational Differences: Debunking Myths in Organizational Science and Practice and Paving New Paths Forward

abstract:
  Talk about generations is everywhere and particularly so in organizational science and practice. Recognizing and exploring the ubiquity of generations is important, especially because evidence for their existence is, at best, scant. In this article, we aim to achieve two goals that are targeted at answering the broad question: “What accounts for the ubiquity of generations despite a lack of evidence for their existence and impact?” First, we explore and “bust” ten common myths about the science and practice of generations and generational differences. Second, with these debunked myths as a backdrop, we focus on two alternative and complementary frameworks—the social constructionist perspective and the lifespan development perspective—with promise for changing the way we think about age, aging, and generations at work. We argue that the social constructionist perspective offers important opportunities for understanding the persistence and pervasiveness of generations and that, as an alternative to studying generations, the lifespan perspective represents a better model for understanding how age operates and development unfolds at work. Overall, we urge stakeholders in organizational science and practice (e.g., students, researchers, consultants, managers) to adopt more nuanced perspectives grounded in these models, rather than a generational perspective, to understand the influence of age and aging at work.


id: cord-315992-jxxio17w
title: Aging Science Talks: The role of miR-181a in age-related loss of muscle mass and function
author: Borja-Gonzalez, Maria
date: 2020-07-08
txt: ./txt/cord-315992-jxxio17w.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-315992-jxxio17w.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2468501120300110
doi: 10.1016/j.tma.2020.07.001
abstract: nan
summary:
  The role of microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) as epigenetic modifiers in regulating loss of muscle mass and function has become increasingly recognised (reviewed in [17] ). It therefore appears that miR-181 may play a critical role in regulating redox homeostasis and potentially mitochondrial dynamics in nervous and cardiac cells, with studies suggesting that inhibition of miR-181 may prevent cell death and improve antioxidant response via targeting BCL-1, BCL-2, GRP78 and PTEN. In our study, using miR gain-and loss-of-function approaches, we have demonstrated that miR-181 regulates skeletal muscle size and function during aging through regulating mitochondrial dynamics [46] . This may also suggest the important role of miR-181 family in a multitude of disorders associated with changes in mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative stress, such as sarcopenia or aging. The potential of miRs as novel therapeutics for various disorders has been proposed due to their implication in regulating multiple pathways and involvement in many disease states including aging and sarcopenia [25] , [27] , [35] .


id: cord-317519-yhzv2yjs
title: Geroscience in the Age of COVID-19
author: Barzilai, Nir
date: 2020-07-23
txt: ./txt/cord-317519-yhzv2yjs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-317519-yhzv2yjs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2020.0629
doi: 10.14336/ad.2020.0629
summary:
  Development and use of drugs like rapamycin and metformin by the at-risk population, notably older adults, may confer broad health benefits by targeting multiple aspects of biological aging and in this way raise the chances that these people can ward off the worst effects of COVID-19. Randomized, controlled clinical trials to assess the ability of rapamycin, metformin and other potential geroprotective drugs [20] , to boost response to an eventual COVID-19 vaccine in the elderly, as well as protect against COVID-19 infection altogether, could have a substantial impact on survival in vulnerable populations and should be pursued. Often, in older patients, multiple aging-related diseases are affected by multiple risk factors, further increasing the disability and mortality. The COVID-19 global emergency has emphasized to vast masses of people the vital need to prevent old-age multimorbidity, protect the elderly and improve their health span.

abstract:
  The data on COVID-19 is clear on at least one point: Older adults are most vulnerable to hospitalization, disability and death following infection with the novel coronavirus. Therefore, therapeutically addressing degenerative aging processes as the main risk factors appears promising for tackling the present crisis and is expected to be relevant when tackling future infections, epidemics and pandemics. Therefore, utilizing a geroscience approach, targeting aging processes to prevent multimorbidity, via initiating broad clinical trials of potential geroprotective therapies, is recommended.


id: cord-317583-jhulvfev
title: Is happiness U-shaped everywhere? Age and subjective well-being in 145 countries
author: Blanchflower, David G.
date: 2020-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-317583-jhulvfev.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-317583-jhulvfev.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32929308/
doi: 10.1007/s00148-020-00797-z
summary:
  Blanchflower and Oswald (2008a) find a U-shape for 39 developing countries in World Values Survey sweeps 1-4 4 that averages out at a minimum around age 43 when including control variables. I then turn to examining data for the UK and 36 European countries and find there is evidence of a U-shape whether controls are included or not, with very little difference in the age minima. Blanchflower and Graham examined the same data Ingelhardt used and estimated a series of happiness equations and found there were U-shapes in age with controls in all the countries and variables Ingelhardt examined. Fourteen of those countries have significant and well-defined U-shapes in age and they are not available in any of the other data files, so in Table 14 we report results for these developing countries using the Q1 question above for Cantril''s life satisfaction ladder measure.

abstract:
  A large empirical literature has debated the existence of a U-shaped happiness-age curve. This paper re-examines the relationship between various measures of well-being and age in 145 countries, including 109 developing countries, controlling for education and marital and labor force status, among others, on samples of individuals under the age of 70. The U-shape of the curve is forcefully confirmed, with an age minimum, or nadir, in midlife around age 50 in separate analyses for developing and advanced countries as well as for the continent of Africa. The happiness curve seems to be everywhere. While panel data are largely unavailable for this issue, and the findings using such data largely confirm the cross-section results, the paper discusses insights on why cohort effects do not drive the findings. I find the age of the minima has risen over time in Europe and the USA.


id: cord-318977-4ng6gxpv
author: Zittoun, Tania
date: 2020-09-26
txt: ./txt/cord-318977-4ng6gxpv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-318977-4ng6gxpv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2210656120301240
doi: 10.1016/j.lcsi.2020.100453
summary:
  To develop such a theoretical frame, we draw on a sociocultural psychology of learning and development, which so far has been mainly focused on children, young adults and adults, as well as on the growing field of anthropological (Droz-Mendelzweig, 2013; Lieblich, 2014; Sarason, 2011) , critical gerontology, sociological and narrative approaches (Freeman, 2011; Gubrium, 1995 Gubrium, , 2011 , and clinical studies of the lives of older people (Aumont & Coconnier, 2016; Bergeret-Amselek, 2016; Gutton, 2016; Quinodoz, 2008; Villa, 2010) . Sociocultural psychology is a theoretical approach to human experience and development that considers the mutual constitution of the person and their social and cultural world, as these dynamics are located in time and space; it also gives a central role to human experience and sense-making (Cole, 1996; Rosa & Valsiner, 2018; Valsiner, 2012; Wertsch, 1998) . Hence, at a sociogenetic level, we call for a careful analysis of the historical evolution and local specificities of the dominant discourses on ageing persons, the institutional arrangements setting conditions for older people''s lives, and the differentiated dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion of elderly persons.

title:
  The relevance of a sociocultural perspective for understanding learning and development in older age

abstract:
  This paper proposes a sociocultural psychology approach to ageing in the lifecourse. It proposes to consider sociogenetic, microgenetic and ontogenetic transformations when studying older age. On this basis, it considers that older people's lives have two specificities: a longer life experience, and a unique view of historical transformation. The paper calls for a closer understanding of the specific and evolving conditions of ageing, and for more inclusion of older citizens in public debate and policy making.


id: cord-322024-yrqpq9cf
author: Jevšnik, Monika
date: 2013-02-05
txt: ./txt/cord-322024-yrqpq9cf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322024-yrqpq9cf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23379823/
doi: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-46
summary:
  METHODS: Stool samples and nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs collected from 260 children hospitalized for AGE (160 also had respiratory symptoms) and 157 otherwise healthy control children admitted for elective surgery were tested for the presence of four HCoVs using real time RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS: Although HCoVs were more frequently detected in patients with AGE than in the control group, high prevalence of HCoVs in NP swabs compounded by their low occurrence in stool samples and detection of other viruses in stool samples, indicate that HCoVs probably play only a minor role in causing gastrointestinal illness in children <6 years old. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of HCoVs in simultaneously collected stool samples and nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs in children with AGE (with or without associated respiratory symptoms) and in control subjects, with the aim of appraising their role in the etiology of AGE.

title:
  Detection of human coronaviruses in simultaneously collected stool samples and nasopharyngeal swabs from hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are a well-known cause of respiratory infections but their role in gastrointestinal infections is unclear. The objective of our study was to assess the significance of HCoVs in the etiology of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children <6 years of age. METHODS: Stool samples and nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs collected from 260 children hospitalized for AGE (160 also had respiratory symptoms) and 157 otherwise healthy control children admitted for elective surgery were tested for the presence of four HCoVs using real time RT-PCR. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (reg. NCT00987519). RESULTS: HCoVs were more frequent in patients with AGE than in controls (23/260, 8.8% versus 4/151, 2.6%; odds ratio, OR 3.3; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.3–10.0; P = 0.01). Three of four HCoV-positive members in the control group, asymptomatic when sampled, recalled gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms within the previous 14 days. In patients with AGE, HCoVs were present in NP samples more often than in stools (22/256, 8.6%, versus 6/260, 2.3%; P = 0.0004). In 5/6 children with HCoVs detected in stools, the viruses were also detected in NP swabs. Patients had a significantly higher probability of HCoV detection in stool (OR 4; 95% CI 1.4–15.3; P = 0.006) and also in stool and/or NP (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.3–10.0; P = 0.01) than healthy controls. All four HCoVs species were detected in stool and NP samples. CONCLUSIONS: Although HCoVs were more frequently detected in patients with AGE than in the control group, high prevalence of HCoVs in NP swabs compounded by their low occurrence in stool samples and detection of other viruses in stool samples, indicate that HCoVs probably play only a minor role in causing gastrointestinal illness in children <6 years old.


id: cord-322486-qwl7nzkr
author: Omori, Ryosuke
date: 2020-10-06
txt: ./txt/cord-322486-qwl7nzkr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322486-qwl7nzkr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73777-8
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73777-8
summary:
  We estimated the parameter which describes the age-dependency of susceptibility by fitting the model to reported data, including the effect of change in contact patterns during the epidemics of COVID-19, and the fraction of symptomatic infections. Our study revealed that if the mortality rate or the fraction of symptomatic infections among all COVID-19 cases does not depend on age, then unrealistically different age-dependencies of susceptibilities against COVID-19 infections between Italy, Japan, and Spain are required to explain the similar age distribution of mortality but different basic reproduction numbers (R(0)). Assuming that the age-dependency of mortality by COVID-19 is determined by only age-dependent susceptibility (model 1), i.e., the mortality rate does not depend on age, the exponent parameter, φ, describing the variation of susceptibility among age groups for each country, Italy, Japan, and Spain, was estimated as shown in Fig. 4 .

title:
  The age distribution of mortality from novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) suggests no large difference of susceptibility by age

abstract:
  Among Italy, Spain, and Japan, the age distributions of COVID-19 mortality show only small variation even though the number of deaths per country shows large variation. To understand the determinant for this situation, we constructed a mathematical model describing the transmission dynamics and natural history of COVID-19 and analyzed the dataset of mortality in Italy, Spain, and Japan. We estimated the parameter which describes the age-dependency of susceptibility by fitting the model to reported data, including the effect of change in contact patterns during the epidemics of COVID-19, and the fraction of symptomatic infections. Our study revealed that if the mortality rate or the fraction of symptomatic infections among all COVID-19 cases does not depend on age, then unrealistically different age-dependencies of susceptibilities against COVID-19 infections between Italy, Japan, and Spain are required to explain the similar age distribution of mortality but different basic reproduction numbers (R(0)). Variation of susceptibility by age itself cannot explain the robust age distribution in mortality by COVID-19 infections in those three countries, however it does suggest that the age-dependencies of (i) the mortality rate and (ii) the fraction of symptomatic infections among all COVID-19 cases determine the age distribution of mortality by COVID-19.


id: cord-322704-0suc6pt6
title: COVeAGE-DB: A database of age-structured COVID-19 cases and deaths.
author: Riffe, T.
date: 2020-09-23
txt: ./txt/cord-322704-0suc6pt6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322704-0suc6pt6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.18.20197228v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.09.18.20197228
summary:
  COVerAGE-DB is an open access database including cumulative counts of confirmed COVID-19 cases, deaths, and tests by age and sex. Centralization, standardization, and harmonization of data is critical to enable comparisons of the demographic impact of COVID-19 vis-à-vis differences in the age-compositions of confirmed infections and deaths. At this writing, the database contai ns daily counts of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and tests performed by age and sex for 87 national and 195 subnational populations around the world, depending on the available data for each source. Generally, COVID-19 cases, deaths and tests are reported as counts in 10-year age groups, but some sources report data in other metrics (fractions, percents, ratios) or as summary indicators such as case fatality ratios by age. The main strength of COVerAGE-DB is to provide a centralized, open-access, and fully reproducible repository of age-and sex-specific case, death, and test counts from COVID-19, collected from official sources, and harmonized to standard output formats.

abstract:
  COVerAGE-DB is an open access database including cumulative counts of confirmed COVID-19 cases, deaths, and tests by age and sex. Original data and sources are provided alongside data and measures in age-harmonized formats. The database is still in development, and at this writing, it includes 87 countries, and 195 subnational areas. Cumulative counts of COVID-19 ases, deaths, and tests are recorded daily (when possible) since January 2020. Many time series thus fully capture the first pandemic wave and the beginning of later waves. An international team, composed of more than 60 researchers, contributed to the collection of data and metadata in COVerAGE-DB from governmental institutions, as well as to the design and implementation of the data processing and validation pipeline. We encourage researchers interested in supporting this project to send a message to the email: coverage-db@demogr.mpg.de


id: cord-322913-sq9mq6f1
author: Ciabattini, Annalisa
date: 2020-11-06
txt: ./txt/cord-322913-sq9mq6f1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322913-sq9mq6f1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-020-00821-0
doi: 10.1007/s00281-020-00821-0
summary:
  The complex and still unclear immunopathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with the progressive age-related decline of immune responses, and the lack of clear correlates of protection, make the design of vaccination strategies for older people extremely challenging. The complex and still unclear immunopathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with the progressive age-related decline of innate and adaptive immune responses, and the lack of a clear correlate of protection, make the design of vaccination strategies for older people extremely challenging (Fig. 3 ).

title:
  Shelter from the cytokine storm: pitfalls and prospects in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for an elderly population

abstract:
  The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic urgently calls for the development of effective preventive tools. COVID-19 hits greatly the elder and more fragile fraction of the population boosting the evergreen issue of the vaccination of older people. The development of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 tailored for the elderly population faces the challenge of the poor immune responsiveness of the older population due to immunosenescence, comorbidities, and pharmacological treatments. Moreover, it is likely that the inflammaging phenotype associated with age could both influence vaccination efficacy and exacerbate the risk of COVID-19-related “cytokine storm syndrome” with an overlap between the factors which impact vaccination effectiveness and those that boost virulence and worsen the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The complex and still unclear immunopathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with the progressive age-related decline of immune responses, and the lack of clear correlates of protection, make the design of vaccination strategies for older people extremely challenging. In the ongoing effort in vaccine development, different SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates have been developed, tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies and are undergoing clinical testing, but only a small fraction of these are currently being tested in the older fraction of the population. Recent advances in systems biology integrating clinical, immunologic, and omics data can help to identify stable and robust markers of vaccine response and move towards a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses in the elderly.


id: cord-323227-ctsamv69
author: Bonner, C.
date: 2020-05-08
txt: ./txt/cord-323227-ctsamv69.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-323227-ctsamv69.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.03.20089938v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20089938
summary:
  Studies will be considered eligible if they meet the following criteria: (1) published from the inception of the database to April 2020, in peer-reviewed journals, (2) used an adult population (over 18 years of age) or, if not explicit regarding age, are clear that participants were not children, (3) present the concept of heart age to patients or consumers for the purpose of CVD risk communication, (4) report qualitative themes or quantitative outcomes relating to psychological and/or behavioural responses to heart age. Studies will be considered eligible if they meet the following criteria: (1) published from the inception of the database to April 2020, in peer-reviewed journals, (2) used an adult population (over 18 years of age) or, if not explicit regarding age, are clear that participants were not children, (3) present the concept of ''heart age'' to patients or consumers for the .

title:
  Protocol for a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative effects of cardiovascular disease risk communication using heart age concepts

abstract:
  Introduction: The concept of heart age is increasingly used for health promotion and alongside clinical guidelines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. These tools have been used by millions of consumers around the world, and many health organisations promote them as a way of encouraging lifestyle change. However, heart age tools vary widely in terms of their underlying risk models and display formats, the effectiveness of these tools compared to other CVD risk communication formats remains unclear, and doctors have raised concerns over their use to expand testing of healthy low risk adults. Methods and analysis: We aim to systematically review both qualitative and quantitative evidence of the effects of heart age when presented to patients or consumers for the purpose of CVD risk communication. Four electronic databases will be search until April 2020 and reference lists from similar review articles will be searched. Studies will be considered eligible if they meet the following criteria: (1) published from the inception of the database to April 2020, in peer-reviewed journals, (2) used an adult population (over 18 years of age) or, if not explicit regarding age, are clear that participants were not children, (3) present the concept of heart age to patients or consumers for the purpose of CVD risk communication, (4) report qualitative themes or quantitative outcomes relating to psychological and/or behavioural responses to heart age. Two reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Reporting of the review will be informed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidance. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required as it is a protocol for a systematic review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.


id: cord-323582-7y8pt72r
title: A Machine Learning Model to Identify Early Stage Symptoms of SARS-Cov-2 Infected Patients
author: Ahamad, Martuza
date: 2020-06-20
txt: ./txt/cord-323582-7y8pt72r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-323582-7y8pt72r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0957417420304851
doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113661
summary:
  We developed a model that employed supervised machine learning algorithms to identify the presentation features predicting COVID-19 disease diagnoses with high accuracy. We implemented and applied several machine learning algorithms to our collected data and found that the XGBoost algorithm performed with the highest accuracy (>85%) to predict and select features that correctly indicate COVID-19 status for all age groups. We extracted important features of basic information (age, gender), symptoms (fever, cough, muscle soreness), diagnostic results (lung infection, radiographic imaging), prior disease/symptom history (pneumonia, diarrhea, runny nose) and some trajectory information (isolation treatment status, travel history) that are directly or indirectly related to COVID-19 disease. In our study, we developed and tested a range of machine learning approaches and found the most significant clinical COVID-19 predictive features were (in descending order): lung infection, cough, pneumonia, runny nose, travel history, fever, isolation, age, muscle soreness, diarrhea, and gender.

abstract:
  The recent outbreak of the respiratory ailment COVID-19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS-Cov2 is a severe and urgent global concern. In the absence of effective treatments, the main containment strategy is to reduce the contagion by the isolation of infected individuals; however, isolation of unaffected individuals is highly undesirable. To help make rapid decisions on treatment and isolation needs, it would be useful to determine which features presented by suspected infection cases are the best predictors of a positive diagnosis. This can be done by analyzing patient characteristics, case trajectory, comorbidities, symptoms, diagnosis, and outcomes. We developed a model that employed supervised machine learning algorithms to identify the presentation features predicting COVID-19 disease diagnoses with high accuracy. Features examined included details of the individuals concerned, e.g., age, gender, observation of fever, history of travel, and clinical details such as the severity of cough and incidence of lung infection. We implemented and applied several machine learning algorithms to our collected data and found that the XGBoost algorithm performed with the highest accuracy (>85%) to predict and select features that correctly indicate COVID-19 status for all age groups. Statistical analyses revealed that the most frequent and significant predictive symptoms are fever (41.1%), cough (30.3%), lung infection (13.1%) and runny nose (8.43%). While 54.4% of people examined did not develop any symptoms that could be used for diagnosis, our work indicates that for the remainder, our predictive model could significantly improve the prediction of COVID-19 status, including at early stages of infection.


id: cord-324635-27q3nxte
title: The situation of infection in the elderly in Spain: a multidisciplinary opinion document
author: Bouza, Emilio
date: 2020-09-08
txt: ./txt/cord-324635-27q3nxte.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-324635-27q3nxte.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.37201/req/057.2020
doi: 10.37201/req/057.2020
summary:
  Thus, for long-term care facility (LTCF) residents and in hospitalised elderly people, UTI is the number one cause of infection and is the second most common in older women living in the community [19] . The first data on infection in nursing homes in Spain come from the EPINGER study, conducted in community health centres in Catalonia, which reported a prevalence of 6.5%, although it should be pointed out that in Catalonia the concept of the community health centre would include medium-long term patients, while in the rest of the Spanish autonomous communities this concept would be limited to nursing homes [40] . This is a multi-centre system for monitoring nosocomial infections, based on the production of an annual prevalence study, which has been conducted since 1990 in a large group of hospitals in Spain and was promoted by the Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Hygiene. The studies reviewed allow us to estimate a prevalence of infection of between 4 and 10% in nursing homes in Spain, depending on their complexity, and between 6 and 9% in hospitalised elderly people.

abstract:
  Infection in the elderly is a huge issue whose treatment usually has partial and specific approaches. It is, moreover, one of the areas where intervention can have the most success in improving the quality of life of older patients. In an attempt to give the widest possible focus to this issue, the Health Sciences Foundation has convened experts from different areas to produce this position paper on Infection in the Elderly, so as to compare the opinions of expert doctors and nurses, pharmacists, journalists, representatives of elderly associations and concluding with the ethical aspects raised by the issue. The format is that of discussion of a series of pre-formulated questions that were discussed by all those present. We begin by discussing the concept of the elderly, the reasons for their predisposition to infection, the most frequent infections and their causes, and the workload and economic burden they place on society. We also considered whether we had the data to estimate the proportion of these infections that could be reduced by specific programmes, including vaccination programmes. In this context, the limited presence of this issue in the media, the position of scientific societies and patient associations on the issue and the ethical aspects raised by all this were discussed.


id: cord-325722-ixozph19
title: Optimal Strategies for Reducing Number of People in the Social Security System
author: Yip, Paul
date: 2020-02-18
txt: ./txt/cord-325722-ixozph19.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-325722-ixozph19.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32085532/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041305
summary:
  The results indicate that by tailoring measures to specific subgroups, the overall number of CSSA recipients would be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of Hong Kong''s social security system, which has accounted for more than 16.5% of Hong Kong government expenditure in 2018, amounting to more than HKD 92 billion. It is important to consider whether the "entering approach" is indeed more effective than the "leaving approach" in reducing the number of CSSA recipients in Hong Kong. From these results, it seems that preventing people aged 20-29 from entering the CSSA system has a larger impact; that is, the "entering" approach would be more effective in reducing the number of CSSA recipients in 2014. The propose model provides empirical evidence to identify the potential target groups of people that would lead to the largest reduction in the number of the CSSA recipients in the Hong Kong Social Security System.

abstract:
  Providing social security to the population in need has become a major expenditure for many governments. Reducing the number of dependents in the social security system and maintaining a dynamic economically active population is a high priority concern for policymakers. A good understanding of the dynamics of the social security system—specifically, who enters and who exits the system—would be helpful for formulating effective interventions. Here, we made use of the data of Hong Kong’s Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA), which is currently a basic welfare scheme in Hong Kong that provides supplementary payments to households that cannot support themselves financially. We proposed a stochastic model to examine the in- and out- movement in the CSSA scheme and conducted elasticity analyses. The elasticity analyses allowed us to identify the potential target groups of people that would lead to the largest reduction in the number of the CSSA recipients in the system. This analytical method can also reveal whether policies would be more effective in preventing people from entering the CSSA system or helping them leave the CSSA scheme. Our analyses suggest that targeting those aged 30–49 with children would have the largest impact. Additionally, we found that policies that aim to prevent this group from entering the CSSA system would be more effective in reducing the number of CSSA recipients compared with policies that aim to help them exit. In contrast, for the younger age group of 10–29, policies that help them leave CSSA would be more effective than policies that prevent them from entering CSSA. Providing employment for those unemployed in this younger group would be more effective. The results indicate that by tailoring measures to specific subgroups, the overall number of CSSA recipients would be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of Hong Kong’s social security system, which has accounted for more than 16.5% of Hong Kong government expenditure in 2018, amounting to more than HKD 92 billion.


id: cord-329626-lsbny5to
author: Losada-Baltar, Andrés
date: 2020-04-13
txt: ./txt/cord-329626-lsbny5to.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-329626-lsbny5to.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa048
doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa048
summary:
  Being female, younger, having negative self-perceptions about aging, more time exposed to news about COVID-19, more contact with relatives different to those that co-reside, fewer positive emotions, less perceived self-efficacy, lower quality of sleep, higher expressed emotion and higher loneliness were associated with higher distress. Drawing upon the stress and coping model (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) , which highlights the relevance of personal or social resources for understanding the differences in distress between individuals, the objective of this study is to analyze the capacity of variables related to the outbreak of COVID-19 to explain loneliness and distress in people exposed to COVID-19 lock-down scenario, controlling for sociodemographic variables (including age and selfperceptions of aging), and personal and family resources. The variables with a significant contribution to explaining distress in the final model were: being female, of lower chronological age, higher negative self-perceptions about aging, more time devoted to COVID-19 information, more contact with other relatives different to those that co-reside, fewer daily positive emotions, less perceived self-efficacy, lower reported quality of sleep, higher expressed emotion and higher loneliness.

title:
  “We’re staying at home”. Association of self-perceptions of aging, personal and family resources and loneliness with psychological distress during the lock-down period of COVID-19

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: Families are going through a very stressful time because of the COVID-19 outbreak, with age being a risk factor for this illness. Negative self-perceptions of aging, among other personal and relational variables may be associated with loneliness and distress caused by the pandemic crisis. METHOD: Participants are 1310 Spanish people (age range: 18-88 years) during a lock-down period at home. In addition to specific questions about risk for COVID-19, self-perceptions of aging, family and personal resources, loneliness and psychological distress were measured. Hierarchical regression analyses were done for assessing the correlates of loneliness and psychological distress. RESULTS: The measured variables allow for an explanation of 48% and 33% of the variance of distress and loneliness, respectively. Being female, younger, having negative self-perceptions about aging, more time exposed to news about COVID-19, more contact with relatives different to those that co-reside, fewer positive emotions, less perceived self-efficacy, lower quality of sleep, higher expressed emotion and higher loneliness were associated with higher distress. Being female, younger, having negative self-perceptions about aging, more time exposed to news about COVID-19, lower contact with relatives, higher self-perception as a burden, fewer positive emotions, lower resources for entertaining oneself, lower quality of sleep and higher expressed emotion were associated with higher loneliness.


id: cord-331065-tzvkj2rm
title: Changes in Subjective Age During COVID-19
author: Terracciano, Antonio
date: 2020-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-331065-tzvkj2rm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-331065-tzvkj2rm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa104
doi: 10.1093/geront/gnaa104
summary:
  The only significant predictor of change in subjective age was the belief that the "coronavirus is only a threat to older adults": The more individuals agreed with this statement, the more likely it was that they felt increasingly younger at follow-up. Experimental research found that when individuals are exposed to negative age-related information, they react by distancing themselves from their age-group and their chronological age, resulting in a younger subjective age (Weiss & Freund, 2012; Weiss & Lang, 2012 The primary scope of the study was to examine the trajectory of subjective age in the context of COVID-19 with longitudinal data from a nation-wide sample of Americans aged 18 to 100 years. We tested the five moderators (age, disease burden, negative expectations about aging, "coronavirus is only a threat to older adults", and stress) in one model that included data from the first two waves, the A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 14 demographic covariates, and the main effects and interactions with time of the six variables.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To examine change in subjective age with the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Two competing hypotheses were tested: (a) people felt increasingly older due to the stress generated by the pandemic; (b) people felt increasingly younger due to psychological distancing from older age, a vulnerability to COVID-19. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: An age and sex stratified sample of adults from across the United States (baseline N = 3,738) was assessed on three occasions: before the COVID-19 outbreak in late-January/early-February and during the outbreak in late-March and again in late-April. Multilevel modeling analysis examined change in subjective age and tested potential moderators of individual differences in the trajectory of subjective age. RESULTS: The average trajectory of subjective age followed a concave curve, with a nadir (feeling younger) during the second assessment in late-March. Older age, negative expectations about aging, absence of pre-existing conditions, and less stress during COVID-19 were associated with feeling younger but did not predict the rate of change. The only significant predictor of change in subjective age was the belief that the “coronavirus is only a threat to older adults”: The more individuals agreed with this statement, the more likely it was that they felt increasingly younger at follow-up. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Subjective age changed during a global health crisis, with people feeling younger with the emergence COVID-19. The findings support the hypothesis that subjective age partly reflects a coping process of psychological distancing from older age, the age group most vulnerable to COVID-19.


id: cord-335635-41u0cq1h
title: Joint Age Estimation and Gender Classification of Asian Faces Using Wide ResNet
author: Huynh, Hieu Trung
date: 2020-08-27
txt: ./txt/cord-335635-41u0cq1h.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-335635-41u0cq1h.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33063055/
doi: 10.1007/s42979-020-00294-w
summary:
  However, because of the lack of open and multi-ethnic datasets, most modern age and gender estimating models were trained solely based on white people with Western facial features, and thus fall short with non-Caucasian people. In this paper, we developed an applicable Wide ResNet model to estimate the age and the gender of Asian faces. Ultimately, the final aim of my paper is to make the best use of the data, as well as the existing deep learning techniques to put together a wellrounded implementation of Wide ResNet to create a reliable program that can be able to extract the age and gender of a certain Asian person with reasonable accuracy on both aspects. Most modern Age and Gender estimating models were trained based on white people with Western facial features, and the application on Asian faces has limitations.

abstract:
  Two key facial features, age and gender, have been widely explored. Companies and organizations have investigated in related applications in several fields including insurance, retails, marketing, etc. It would bring tremendous benefit, which allow companies to easily identify their customer demographics. Several approaches have been proposed with remarkable results. However, because of the lack of open and multi-ethnic datasets, most modern age and gender estimating models were trained solely based on white people with Western facial features, and thus fall short with non-Caucasian people. In this paper, we developed an applicable Wide ResNet model to estimate the age and the gender of Asian faces. The model was trained with a newly improved Asian face database. The experiments have shown promising results, as it can match the performance of Microsoft’s how-old API estimator in a specific dataset.


id: cord-340028-6oicmeam
author: Zhavoronkov, Alex
date: 2020-03-31
txt: ./txt/cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102988
doi: 10.18632/aging.102988
summary:
  Here we compare the expected benefit of treatments for elderly populations (60 years and older) that are currently in development, including standard preventative strategies such as vaccines and antivirals targeting SARS-CoV-2, and the potential added benefit of speculative geroprotective strategies such as rapalogs, NAD+ boosters, senolytics, and stem cell treatment. People >60 years of age with chronic medical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease, direct immunosuppression from HIV, posttransplant or biologic treatment, pregnant individuals, or those with BMI>40, are believed to be at higher risk for influenza infection due to a weakened immune response [31] . As discussed in this paper, small clinical studies have shown that several geroprotective and senoremediative interventions, such as treatment with AGING sirolimus and rapalogs, can induce immunopotentiation, increase resistance to infection, and reduce disease severity in the elderly, without severe side effects.

title:
  Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections

abstract:
  The recently identified SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the age-associated vulnerability in the burden of disease and put aging research in the spotlight. The limited data available indicates that COVID-19 should be referred to as a gerolavic (from Greek, géros “old man” and epilavís, “harmful”) infection because the infection rates, severity, and lethality are substantially higher in the population aged 60 and older. This is primarily due to comorbidity but may be partially due to immunosenescence, decreased immune function in the elderly, and general loss of function, fitness, and increased frailty associated with aging. Immunosenescence is a major factor affecting vaccination response, as well as the severity and lethality of infectious diseases. While vaccination reduces infection rates, and therapeutic interventions reduce the severity and lethality of infections, these interventions have limitations. Previous studies showed that postulated geroprotectors, such as sirolimus (rapamycin) and its close derivative rapalog everolimus (RAD001), decreased infection rates in a small sample of elderly patients. This article presents a review of the limited literature available on geroprotective and senoremediative interventions that may be investigated to decrease the disease burden of gerolavic infections. This article also highlights a need for rigorous clinical validation of deep aging clocks as surrogate markers of biological age. These could be used to assess the need for, and efficacy of, geroprotective and senoremediative interventions and provide better protection for elderly populations from gerolavic infections. This article does not represent medical advice and the medications described are not yet licensed or recommended as immune system boosters, as they have not undergone clinical evaluation for this purpose.


id: cord-340285-mq9x12nw
title: From causes of aging to death from COVID-19
author: Blagosklonny, Mikhail V.
date: 2020-06-12
txt: ./txt/cord-340285-mq9x12nw.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103493
doi: 10.18632/aging.103493
summary:
  In contrast, as we will discuss in the next section, it is hyper-functional immune response that leads to death from COVID-19 in the elderly by causing cytokine storm. It is driven by nutrient/hormone/cytokinesensing and growth-promoting signaling pathways such as Target of Rapamycin (TOR; mTOR), which are involved in developmental growth and later cause hyperfunctional aging and its diseases [24, 26] . Nutrients and obesity activate growth-promoting pathways (e.g., mTOR), thus accelerating development of quasi-programmed (age-related) diseases. Continuous use of rapamycin is expected to improve health, decrease age-related diseases and extend healthy lifespan, rendering individuals less vulnerable, when infected with the virus. As we discussed in the section "Cytokine storm is a hyperfunction", cytokine storm and hyper-inflammation is a main cause of death in COVID-19 pneumonia [36-40, 42, 45, 135, 141-143] Rapamycin, an antiinflammatory agent, inhibits hyper-functions, cellular senescence and decrease secretion of cytokines ( [74, 81, 144] .

abstract:
  COVID-19 is not deadly early in life, but mortality increases exponentially with age, which is the strongest predictor of mortality. Mortality is higher in men than in women, because men age faster, and it is especially high in patients with age-related diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension, because these diseases are manifestations of aging and a measure of biological age. At its deepest level, aging (a program-like continuation of developmental growth) is driven by inappropriately high cellular functioning. The hyperfunction theory of quasi-programmed aging explains why COVID-19 vulnerability (lethality) is an age-dependent syndrome, linking it to other age-related diseases. It also explains inflammaging and immunosenescence, hyperinflammation, hyperthrombosis, and cytokine storms, all of which are associated with COVID-19 vulnerability. Anti-aging interventions, such as rapamycin, may slow aging and age-related diseases, potentially decreasing COVID-19 vulnerability.


id: cord-344653-to7571tw
title: Younger and Older Adults’ Mood and Expectations Regarding Aging During COVID-19
author: Whatley, Mary C.
date: 2020-09-16
txt: ./txt/cord-344653-to7571tw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-344653-to7571tw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32984443/
doi: 10.1177/2333721420960259
summary:
  In the current studies, we examined mood, expectations regarding aging, coronavirus attitudes, and loneliness in younger and older adults. Eighty-six older adults who completed the Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA) and Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) between January 2018 and December 2019 (Time 1) were contacted to participate. In Study 1, we found that overall, our sample of older adults was maintaining positive mood and expectations about aging during the COVID-19 pandemic, but that they reported more negative arousal. In Study 2, we attempted to replicate findings from Study 1 regarding loneliness, COVID-19 attitudes, mood, and expectations regarding aging in a larger sample of older adults. We also examined age-related differences in mood, expectations about aging, loneliness, and attitudes toward COVID-19 in a national sample of older and younger adults. Pearson''s correlations were conducted within each age group to examine associations between overall ERA score, BMIS pleasant-unpleasant mood, COVID-19 score, loneliness rating, and relevant demographic factors like age, gender, education, income, and overall health.

abstract:
  The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has broadly impacted our daily lives. Here, we used a longitudinal approach to investigate older adults’ mood and expectations regarding aging before and during the global pandemic (Study 1). We also examined age differences in mood, expectations regarding aging, COVID-19 attitudes, and loneliness using a cross-sectional approach (Study 2). In Study 1, older adults completed a mood and expectations regarding aging survey up to 2 years prior to the pandemic and again in April, 2020 (during the pandemic). Participants also completed surveys regarding COVID-19 attitudes and loneliness. In Study 2, a United States sample of younger and older adults completed these surveys during the pandemic. Older adults’ mood and expectations regarding aging remained fairly constant, and younger adults showed lower mood and expectations regarding aging than did older adults, despite older adults showing greater concern about COVID-19. Overall, we find that some older adults seem to be resilient with respect to their mood and expectations regarding aging. These findings reveal important preliminary implications for how older adults may be impacted as a result of lifestyle changes necessary for well-being and the well-being of society.


id: cord-344713-jisp238l
title: Can pandemics affect educational attainment? Evidence from the polio epidemic of 1916
author: Meyers, Keith
date: 2020-07-27
txt: ./txt/cord-344713-jisp238l.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-344713-jisp238l.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837578/
doi: 10.1007/s11698-020-00212-3
summary:
  Our results show that children born in states with more reported polio cases had lower educational attainment compared to slightly older birth cohorts who would have already completed schooling before the 1916-1917 school year and that the decline in educational attainment varied depending on their age during the outbreak. To test whether the epidemic influenced the educational attainment of exposed cohorts, we match a sample of white males born between 1895 and 1916 with the 1916 polio morbidity rate in their state of birth, and the years of education they report having in the 1940 US Census (Ruggles et al. 25 Results reported in Table 7 show that including the influenza death rate and its interactions with age groups does not affect our finding that children of legal working age in states with greater numbers of polio cases had less educational attainment.

abstract:
  We leverage the largest polio outbreak in US history, the 1916 polio epidemic, to study how epidemic-related school interruptions affect educational attainment. Using polio morbidity as a proxy for epidemic exposure, we find that children aged 10 and under, and school-aged children of legal working age with greater exposure to the epidemic experienced reduced educational attainment compared to their slightly older peers. These reductions in observed educational attainment persist even after accounting for the influenza epidemic of 1918.


id: cord-352620-a0tt0ldm
title: Pathology of Gray Wolf Shoulders: Lessons in Species and Aging
author: Lawler, Dennis
date: 2016-07-30
txt: ./txt/cord-352620-a0tt0ldm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-352620-a0tt0ldm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27415465/
doi: 10.1002/ar.23380
summary:
  However, aged wolves'' life spans far exceeded those of similar‐sized domestic dogs and breeds, suggesting the possibility of an important species difference that should be explored. By comparison, many studies of shoulder diseases of domestic dogs have focused on imaging modalities, osteochondroses (Olsson, 1982) , and a variety of congenital or acquired problems involving tendon, ligament, muscle, joint capsule, and nerve structures that surround the joint (Sumner-Smith, 1993) . The comparative observation raises the question of whether an "aging threshold" exists in the gray wolf, as lifetime data appear to suggest for the domestic dog . Thus, the accumulated data suggest that cartilage degradation and its associated progressive histological inflammatory process are responsible for the aligned articular bone features that we observed in the gray wolves. When interpreting archaeological canid dry bone specimens, it is useful to retain this mental view of the overall process of degenerative joint disease, as observed in the domestic dog.

abstract:
  We examined scapula glenoids (n = 14) and proximal articular humeri (n = 14) of seven gray wolves that were maintained in a sanctuary park setting. Immediately after death, observations were made visually in situ and by radiography. Further observations were made in a museum laboratory setting, prior to and following clearing of soft tissues. Selected dry bone specimens were evaluated using computed tomography. Significant cartilage erosion and osteoarthropathy were identified in all shoulder joints. No single evaluation method yielded maximal information. Plain film radiography revealed only more severe changes. Computed tomography yielded more detail and clarity than standard radiography. Direct examination of articular cartilage informed about joint soft tissue, and dry bone informed about externally visible bone pathology. These data provide a basis for biological, biomedical, ecological, and archaeological scientists to improve retrospective interpretations of bone lesions. They further support developing plausible differential diagnoses for features of ancient and modern animal bones. We noted a dog‐like capacity for wolf longevity in a non‐free‐roaming environment. However, aged wolves' life spans far exceeded those of similar‐sized domestic dogs and breeds, suggesting the possibility of an important species difference that should be explored. We suggest also a hypothesis that the driving force for joint pathology in sheltered non‐domestic species may relate significantly to achieving the longevity that is possible biologically, but is uncommon in the wild because of differential stochastic influences. Anat Rec, 299:1338–1347, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


id: cord-352737-3ttrx3lf
author: Cunha, Lucas Leite
date: 2020-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-352737-3ttrx3lf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-352737-3ttrx3lf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32849623/
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01748
summary:
  Enhancing the efficacy of the adaptive immune response may be an important issue both for infection resolution as well as for the appropriate generation of immunity upon vaccination, while inhibiting inflamm-aging will likely emerge as a potential complementary therapeutic approach in the management of patients with severe COVID-19. Enhancing the efficacy of the adaptive immune response may be an important issue both for infection resolution as well as for the appropriate generation of immunity upon vaccination, while inhibiting inflamm-aging will likely emerge as a potential complementary therapeutic approach in the management of patients with severe COVID-19. Interestingly, polymorphonuclear leucocytes from the elderly are less capable of modulating the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (TREM-1)-induced oxidative bursts, suggesting that TREM-1 signal transduction altered with aging may be one of the mediators of the decrease in microbicidal potential of innate immune cells in older adults (41) .

title:
  Remodeling of the Immune Response With Aging: Immunosenescence and Its Potential Impact on COVID-19 Immune Response

abstract:
  Elderly individuals are the most susceptible to an aggressive form of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2. The remodeling of immune response that is observed among the elderly could explain, at least in part, the age gradient in lethality of COVID-19. In this review, we will discuss the phenomenon of immunosenescence, which entails changes that occur in both innate and adaptive immunity with aging. Furthermore, we will discuss inflamm-aging, a low-grade inflammatory state triggered by continuous antigenic stimulation, which may ultimately increase all-cause mortality. In general, the elderly are less capable of responding to neo-antigens, because of lower naïve T cell frequency. Furthermore, they have an expansion of memory T cells with a shrinkage of the T cell diversity repertoire. When infected by SARS-CoV-2, young people present with a milder disease as they frequently clear the virus through an efficient adaptive immune response. Indeed, antibody-secreting cells and follicular helper T cells are thought to be effectively activated in young patients that present a favorable prognosis. In contrast, the elderly are more prone to an uncontrolled activation of innate immune response that leads to cytokine release syndrome and tissue damage. The failure to trigger an effective adaptive immune response in combination with a higher pro-inflammatory tonus may explain why the elderly do not appropriately control viral replication and the potential clinical consequences triggered by a cytokine storm, endothelial injury, and disseminated organ injury. Enhancing the efficacy of the adaptive immune response may be an important issue both for infection resolution as well as for the appropriate generation of immunity upon vaccination, while inhibiting inflamm-aging will likely emerge as a potential complementary therapeutic approach in the management of patients with severe COVID-19.


id: cord-353600-5wo74ms4
title: Ageing and atherosclerosis: vascular intrinsic and extrinsic factors and potential role of IL-6
author: Tyrrell, Daniel J.
date: 2020-09-11
txt: ./txt/cord-353600-5wo74ms4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-353600-5wo74ms4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32918047/
doi: 10.1038/s41569-020-0431-7
summary:
  In mice, ageing is associated with an elevation in the levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the aorta, which participates in a positive feedback loop with the impaired vascular mitochondrial function to accelerate atherogenesis. • Ageing-related alterations in the bone marrow increase the phenomenon of clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and promote a skewing towards myeloid cell differentiation, both of which can accelerate atherosclerosis. • The role of the vasculature and myeloid cells of the immune system in promoting age-related atherosclerosis might be mediated by shared inflammatory pathways, in particular IL-6 signalling. In a 2019 study in mice, β 2 adrenergic receptor signalling in the bone marrow niche was found to increase with ageing in association with increased generation of myeloid cells and platelets through an IL6 dependent mechanism 60 . Blocking IL-6 might interfere with the increased IL-6 signalling in bone marrow adipocytes that occurs with ageing (which promotes a skewing towards myeloid cell differentiation), thereby reducing the risk of clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP).

abstract:
  The number of old people is rising worldwide, and advancing age is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. In this Review, we discuss vascular intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of how ageing influences the pathology of atherosclerosis. First, we focus on factors that are extrinsic to the vasculature. We discuss how ageing affects the development of myeloid cells leading to the expansion of certain myeloid cell clones and induces changes in myeloid cell functions that promote atherosclerosis via inflammation, including a potential role for IL-6. Next, we describe vascular intrinsic factors by which ageing promotes atherogenesis — in particular, the effects on mitochondrial function. Studies in mice and humans have shown that ageing leads to a decline in vascular mitochondrial function and impaired mitophagy. In mice, ageing is associated with an elevation in the levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the aorta, which participates in a positive feedback loop with the impaired vascular mitochondrial function to accelerate atherogenesis. We speculate that vascular and myeloid cell ageing synergize, via IL-6 signalling, to accelerate atherosclerosis. Finally, we propose future avenues of clinical investigation and potential therapeutic approaches to reduce the burden of atherosclerosis in old people.


id: cord-356223-8qn164k5
author: Yu, Hannah J.
date: 2020-08-15
txt: ./txt/cord-356223-8qn164k5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-356223-8qn164k5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2468653020303316
doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.08.003
summary:
  title: Home Monitoring of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Real-World Utility of the ForeseeHome Device for Detection of Neovascularization PURPOSE: To evaluate real-world utility of the ForeseeHome monitoring device for the detection of conversion from intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) to neovascular AMD (nAMD) and compare with results published by the HOME study. In 2014, the HOME study reported beneficial results from a randomized trial using the 122 ForeseeHome device (Notal Vision Ltd, Tel Aviv, Israel) for early detection of 123 conversion to nAMD. 34 The purpose of the current analysis was to determine the compliance of patients For each patient, the eye prescribed, age at first use, length of use, days since last 159 exam, total number of tests, ability to establish baseline, alert number and alert types 160 were collected from the ForeseeHome portal (www.foreseehomeonline.com). Randomized trial of the ForeseeHome 553 monitoring device for early detection of neovascular age-related macular degeneration

title:
  Home Monitoring of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Real-World Utility of the ForeseeHome Device for Detection of Neovascularization

abstract:
  PURPOSE: To evaluate real-world utility of the ForeseeHome monitoring device for the detection of conversion from intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) to neovascular AMD (nAMD) and compare with results published by the HOME study. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of electronic health records. SUBJECTS: Eyes prescribed use of the ForeseeHome device across 4 retinal practices in the USA. METHODS: Usage information was collected from the online ForeseeHome portal for all eyes prescribed. For a pre-determined subset of eyes, additional clinical information was collected through chart review and analyzed for clinical utility. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures include frequency and length of use, number of eyes that used the device, established baseline and converted to nAMD, and number of alerts. RESULTS: 775 eyes of 448 patients were prescribed use of the ForeseeHome device. 649 eyes (83.7%) used the device at least once; among this population, 478 (73.7%) established baseline. Patients who established baseline were significantly younger than those who did not establish baseline (p<0.001). Among eyes that established baseline, 126 (26.4%) had an overall inadequate frequency of use (≥2 tests per week), and 250 (52.3%) did not use the device as frequently as instructed by the manufacturer (≥3 tests per week); 112 (24.7%) discontinued use within one year. Over a mean of 20.35 months, 106 patients had 152 alerts, indicating possible conversions to nAMD. Out of the 136 eyes that established baseline among 211 eyes prescribed the device at one clinical site, 52 alerts were recorded, 3 (6.8%) correctly identified conversion to nAMD and 47 (93.2%) represented false-positive alerts. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the prospective HOME study, utility of the ForeseeHome device in the current analysis of real-world clinical-practice application was limited. A meaningful proportion of eyes never used the device or could not establish baseline. Overall frequency of use was low and continuous usage of the device decreased over time. There is a need for improvement in home monitoring technology for eyes with iAMD at risk of conversion to nAMD.


