id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-017856-4fccnygg	Roden, Anja C.	Pathology of Lung Rejection: Cellular and Humoral Mediated	2018-04-24		.txt	text/plain	7785	408	35	Acute rejection is an important risk factor for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, the clinical manifestation of chronic airway rejection in lung allograft recipients. Obliterative bronchiolitis is only infrequently identified in lung allografts by transbronchial biopsy, and the sensitivity of this morphologic finding for the presence of chronic rejection is only between 15 and 28% [48] [49] [50] . Because of the lack of specific histologic findings of AMR, a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis was recommended that includes the following: (1) the presence of circulating antibodies (HLA antibodies, anti-endothelial and anti-epithelial antibodies), (2) focal or diffuse C4d deposition (Fig. 13 .11a-c), (3) histologic features of acute lung injury or hemorrhage (diffuse alveolar damage, capillary injury associated with neutrophils and nuclear debris, i.e., capillaritis), and (4) clinical signs of graft dysfunction [78] . The transbronchial allograft biopsy is currently the gold standard to evaluate the graft for cellular rejection and to exclude its clinical mimickers in lung transplant patients.	./cache/cord-017856-4fccnygg.txt	./txt/cord-017856-4fccnygg.txt