Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher) - Wikipedia Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Bernard Bosanquet FBA Born 14 June 1848 Rock Hall, near Alnwick, England Died 8 February 1923(1923-02-08) (aged 74) London, England Alma mater Balliol College, Oxford Spouse(s) Helen Dendy ​ (m. 1895)​ Era 20th-century philosophy Region Western philosophy School British idealism Influences F. H. Bradley G. W. F. Hegel Hermann Lotze John Stuart Mill Bernard Bosanquet FBA (/ˈboʊzənˌkɛt, -kɪt/; 14 June[1] 1848 – 8 February 1923) was an English philosopher and political theorist, and an influential figure on matters of political and social policy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His work influenced but was later subject to criticism by many thinkers, notably Bertrand Russell, John Dewey and William James. Bernard was the husband of Helen Bosanquet, the leader of the Charity Organisation Society. Contents 1 Life 2 Idealist social theory 3 Works 3.1 Books 3.2 Articles 4 References 5 External links Life[edit] Born at Rock Hall near Alnwick, Bosanquet was the son of Robert William Bosanquet, a Church of England clergyman. He was educated at Harrow School and Balliol College, Oxford. After graduation, he was elected to a Fellowship at University College, Oxford, but, after receiving a substantial inheritance, resigned it in order to devote himself to philosophical research. He moved to London in 1881,[2] where he became an active member of the London Ethical Society and the Charity Organisation Society. Both were positive demonstrations of Bosanquet's ethical philosophy. Bosanquet published on a wide range of topics, such as logic, metaphysics, aesthetics and politics. In his metaphysics, he is regarded as a key representative (with F. H. Bradley) of absolute idealism, although it is a term that he abandoned in favour of "speculative philosophy". He was one of the leaders of the so-called neo-Hegelian philosophical movement in Great Britain. He was strongly influenced by the ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle, but also by the German philosophers Immanuel Kant and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Among his best-known works are The Philosophical Theory of the State (1899), his Gifford lectures, The Principle of Individuality and Value (1912) and The Value and Destiny of the Individual (1913). Bosanquet was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1894 to 1898. Idealist social theory[edit] In his Encyclopedia, Section 95, Hegel had written about "the ideality of the finite." This obscure, seemingly meaningless, phrase was interpreted as implying that "what is finite is not real"[3] because the ideal is understood as being the opposite of the real. Bosanquet was a follower of Hegel and the "central theme of Bosanquet's idealism was that every finite existence necessarily transcends itself and points toward other existences and finally to the whole. Thus, he advocated a system very close to that in which Hegel had argued for the ideality of the finite."[3] The relation of the finite individual to the whole state in which he or she lives was investigated in Bosanquet's Philosophical Theory of the State (London, 1899). In this book, he "argued that the state is the real individual and that individual persons are unreal by comparison with it."[3] But Bosanquet did not think that the state has a right to impose social control over its individual citizens. "On the contrary, he believed that if society is organic and individual, then its elements can cooperate apart from a centralised organ of control, the need for which presupposes that harmony has to be imposed upon something that is naturally unharmonious."[3] The relationship between the individual and society was summarised in Bosanquet's preface to The Introduction to Hegel's Philosophy of Fine Art (1886): Man's Freedom, in the sense thus contemplated, lies in the spiritual or supra-sensuous world by which his humanity is realized, and in which his will finds fulfilment. The family, for example, property, and law are the first steps of man's freedom. In them the individual's will obtains and bestows recognition as an agent in a society whose bond of union is ideal – i.e. existing only in consciousness ; and this recognition develops into duties and rights. It is in these that man finds something to live for, something in which and for the sake of which to assert himself. As society develops he lives on the whole more in the civilized or spiritual world, and less in the savage or purely natural world. His will, which is himself, expands with the institutions and ideas that form its purpose, and the history of this expansion is the history of human freedom. Nothing is more shallow,more barbarously irrational, than to regard the progress of civilization as the accumulation of restrictions. Laws and rules are a necessary aspect of extended capacities. (p. xxvii)[4] Works[edit] Books[edit] A History of Aesthetic (1892, second edition 1904) Knowledge and Reality: A Criticism of Mr F H Bradley's Principles of Logic (1885) The Introduction to Hegel's Philosophy of Fine Art translated and edited (1886) Logic, or The Morphology of Knowledge in two volumes: Volume 1, Volume 2 (1888; revised edition 1911) The Civilization of Christendom, and other studies (1893) The Essentials of Logic, being ten lectures on Judgment and Inference (1895) A Companion to Plato's Republic for English readers (1895) Essays and Addresses (1889) The Philosophical Theory of The State (1899) Psychology of the Moral Self (1904) The Meaning of Teleology: a lecture read to the British Academy in 1906 The Principle of Individuality and Value, Macmillan, 1912. (Gifford Lectures, 1910–12) The Value and Destiny of the Individual, Macmillan, 1923. (Gifford Lectures, 1910–12) The Distinction Between Mind And Its Objects (1913) Three Lectures on Aesthetic (1915) Social and International Ideals: being studies in patriotism (1917) Some Suggestions In Ethics (1919) Croce's Aesthetic: a lecture read to the British Academy in 1919 Implication and Linear Inference (1920) What Religion is (1920) The Meetings of Extremes in Contemporary Philosophy (1921) Articles[edit] Review of Benno Erdmann's Logik. Bd. 1. Logische Elementarlehre (Halle: Niemeyer 1892) by Bosanquet in Mind (1892), N.S. No. 2 References[edit] ^ Bernard Bosanquet by Helen Bosanquet, London, 1924, p. 7. Many printed sources report a different, incorrect date, 14 July. The original source of this error is unknown. ^ 'Britannica ^ a b c d The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, vol. 3, "Idealism", New York, 1967 ^ "The Introduction to Hegel's Philosophy of Fine Art". Kegan Paul Trench & Co. 1886. Retrieved 13 December 2016. External links[edit] "Bosanquet, Bernard" . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). 1922. Bernard Bosanquet – Encyclopædia Britannica, 1998 Sweet, William. "Bernard Bosanquet". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Bernard Bosanquet page Archives Hub: Bosanquet Papers Sweet, William. "Bernard Bosanquet". The Thoemmes Encyclopedia of the History of Ideas. Archived from the original on 24 April 2006. v t e Aesthetics topics Philosophers Abhinavagupta Theodor W. Adorno Leon Battista Alberti Thomas Aquinas Hans Urs von Balthasar Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten Clive Bell Bernard Bosanquet Edward Bullough R. G. Collingwood Ananda Coomaraswamy Arthur Danto John Dewey Denis Diderot Hubert Dreyfus Curt John Ducasse Thierry de Duve Roger Fry Nelson Goodman Clement Greenberg Georg Hegel Martin Heidegger David Hume Immanuel Kant Paul Klee Susanne Langer Theodor Lipps György Lukács Jean-François Lyotard Joseph Margolis Jacques Maritain Thomas Munro Friedrich Nietzsche José Ortega y Gasset Dewitt H. 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Related articles Jurisprudence Philosophy and economics Philosophy of education Philosophy of history Philosophy of love Philosophy of sex Philosophy of social science Political ethics Social epistemology Category v t e Fellows of the British Academy elected in 1903 Fellows Bernard Bosanquet Edward Granville Browne Arthur Cohen Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare Francis Ysidro Edgeworth Sir Charles Firth Alexander Campbell Fraser Sir Edward Fry Frederick James Furnivall Percy Gardner Henry Jackson M. R. James Sir Frederick Kenyon W. P. Ker The Lord Lindley Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall William Morfill Alexander Stuart Murray Joseph Shield Nicholson Sir George Prothero Armitage Robinson George Stout Authority control BIBSYS: 90182809 BNE: XX868520 BNF: cb12327004f (data) GND: 118659391 ISNI: 0000 0001 0885 0139 LCCN: n50048238 NDL: 00550023 NKC: ola2002153878 NLA: 35020453 NLI: 000285498 NLK: KAC2018H9601 NTA: 070336628 PLWABN: 9810611504605606 SELIBR: 257269 SNAC: w61c97jd SUDOC: 032191693 Trove: 794695 VcBA: 495/332772 VIAF: 32067668 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n50048238 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Bosanquet_(philosopher)&oldid=996181192" Categories: 1848 births 1923 deaths 19th-century British non-fiction writers 19th-century British philosophers 19th-century English philosophers 19th-century essayists 20th-century British non-fiction writers 20th-century British philosophers 20th-century English philosophers 20th-century essayists Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford Aristotelian philosophers British ethicists British male essayists British male non-fiction writers British social liberals Contemporary philosophers Cultural critics English Anglicans English philosophers Epistemologists Fellows of the British Academy Fellows of University College, Oxford Idealists Metaphysicians Moral philosophers Ontologists People educated at Harrow School People from Alnwick Philosophers of art Philosophers of ethics and morality Philosophers of logic Philosophers of mind Philosophers of psychology Philosophers of religion Philosophy writers Political philosophers Presidents of the Aristotelian Society Social critics Social philosophers Hidden categories: Use British English from August 2011 Use dmy dates from December 2020 Articles with hCards Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1922 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VcBA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikisource Languages العربية বাংলা Català Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Italiano Русский Slovenščina Suomi Svenska Українська Yorùbá 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 25 December 2020, at 00:17 (UTC). 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