Antoine Augustin Calmet - Wikipedia Antoine Augustin Calmet From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search French historian This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article has an unclear citation style. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting. (July 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Antoine Augustin Calmet" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Rt. Rev. Father Abbot Dom Antoine Augustin Calmet, O.S.B. Abbot of the Abbey of Senones 1750 engraving of Dom Augustin Calmet Other posts Professor of Exegesis, Abbey of Moyenmoutier, and Abbot General of the Congregation of St. Vanne Orders Ordination 17 March 1696 Personal details Born 26 February 1672 Ménil-la-Horgne, Duchy of Bar, Holy Roman Empire Died 25 October 1757 (aged 85) Senones, County of Salm-Salm, Holy Roman Empire Buried Abbey of Senones Profession Abbot and exegete Historian; Scholar; Theologian; Philosopher, Occultist; Translator Antoine Augustin Calmet, O.S.B. (26 February 1672 – 25 October 1757), a French Benedictine monk, was born at Ménil-la-Horgne, then in the Duchy of Bar, part of the Holy Roman Empire (now the French department of Meuse, located in the region of Lorraine). Calmet was a pious monk as well as a learned man, and one of the most distinguished members of the Congregation of St. Vanne. In recognition of these qualities he was elected prior of Lay-Saint-Christophe in 1715, Abbot of St-Léopold at Nancy in 1718, and of Senones Abbey in 1729. He was twice entrusted with the office of Abbot General of the congregation. Pope Benedict XIII wished to confer episcopal dignity upon him, but his humility could not be brought to accept the honor. Calmet was greatly admired by the philosopher Voltaire, who visited the abbey on several occasions.[citation needed] Calmet died at Senones Abbey, in the Vosges, near Saint-Dié, on 25 October 1757. Contents 1 Biography 2 Tributes 3 Written Works 3.1 Comments on the Bible 3.2 Occultism 3.3 Other works 4 Bibliography 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links Biography[edit] Dom Augustin Calmet Augustin Calmet was born on 26 February 1672, in Ménil-la-Horgne, near Commercy in the Lorraine, to the modest family of Antoine Calmet. His father was a blacksmith. After entering the Benedictine priory at Breuil at the age of 15, he attended the University of Pont-à-Mousson and studied rhetoric under the Jesuit father Ignace de L’Aubrussel (later the confessor to the Queen of Spain).[1] At the end of these studies, he joined the Benedictine order of the Congregation of Saint-Vanne and St. Hydulphe. His novitiate was made to the St. Mansuy Abbey Toul where he took monastic vows on 23 October 1689. He was then sent to study philosophy at St. Èvre Abbey and theology at Munster Abbey. He was ordained into the Priesthood on 1 March 1696 in Arlesheim near Basel, and said his first Mass in the Abbey of Munster on 24 April 1696. He was commissioned to explain the holy scriptures in the Abbey of Moyenmoutier and Munster Abbey (1704), and was appointed prior to Lay-Saint-Christophe (1714–1715)[2] He became abbot of St. Leopold Nancy (1718). He went through the various monasteries of his order, devouring libraries and writing many historical compilations. In 1728, Calmet was called as priest of Senones Saint-Pierre Abbey, the capital of Principality of Salm. It is in the great abbey Vosges that he worked and lived the last part of his life, maintaining a correspondence with many scientists, and remaining there until his death on 25 October 1757. Tributes[edit] There are squares which bear his name in Commercy and Senones. There is also a Dom-Calmet Street in downtown Nancy since 18673 and a street of Metz in the Sablon district bears his name since 1934. His monument is erected in St. Peter's Abbey Senones and includes a list of his works. Written Works[edit] Comments on the Bible[edit] Calmet was educated at the Benedictine priory of Breuil in the town of Commercy, and in 1688 joined the same Order at the Abbey of Saint-Mansuy at Toul, where he was admitted to profession on 23 October of the following year. After his ordination, 17 March 1696, he was appointed to teach philosophy and theology at the Abbey of Moyenmoutier. Here, with the help of his brethren, he began to gather the material for his commentary of the Bible, which he completed at Munster in Alsace where he was sent in 1704 as sub-prior and professor of Biblical exegesis. The first volume appeared in Paris in 1707 with the title Commentaire littéral sur tous les livres de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Testaments (A literal Commentary on all the Books of the Old and New Testaments); the last of the twenty-three quarto volumes, owing to various delays, was published only in 1716. To satisfy the demand for the work a second edition in twenty-six volumes quarto was issued 1714–1720, and a third, enlarged, edition in nine volumes folio 1724–1726. A Latin translation by J. D. Mansi was published at Lucca, 1730–1738, in nine folio volumes, with new editions at Augsburg (1756, eight volumes folio) and Würzburg (1789, nineteen volumes quarto); another Latin translation by F. Vecelli appeared at Venice and Frankfurt (1730, six volumes folio). This shows how much the commentary was esteemed. But while it was received with high praise, even by Protestants, critics were not wanting, among whom may be mentioned the Oratorian Richard Simon. It cannot be denied that in spite of its merits and great erudition it is in some respects open to criticism.[citation needed] Difficult passages are often passed over lightly, and too frequently different explanations of a text are set down without a hint to the reader as to which is the right or preferable one.[citation needed] The work inaugurated a new method of exegesis. Its author departed from the custom of giving allegorical (mystical) and tropological (moral) interpretations besides the literal. The most valuable part of the commentary were the introductory prefaces to the several books and 114 learned dissertations on special topics. These he published separately with nineteen new ones in three volumes, under the title Dissertations qui peuvent servir de prolégomènes à l'Écriture Sainte (Paris, 1720). The collection met with such success that two editions were printed at Amsterdam in 1722, the title being changed to Trésors d'antiquités sacrées et profanes. It was translated into English (Oxford, 1726), Latin (by Mansi, Lucca, 1729), Dutch (Rotterdam, 1728), German (Bremen, 1738,1744, and 1747) and Italian. Occultism[edit] In 1746 he wrote the first edition of his Dissertations sur les apparitions des anges, des démons et des esprits, et sur les revenants et vampires de Hongrie, de Bohême, de Moravie et de Silésie. It extensively studied apparitions of angels, demons and other spirits but also included dissertations on various topics of Magic, sorcery, witchcraft and instances of vampires, revenants and individuals returning from the grave. This study analyzed accounts of these various topics located in the bible, mythology, cultural legends and famous accounts of historically documented cases or claims from Hungary, Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. Although quite critical, Voltaire nevertheless consulted the works of Calmet, and frequently relied on his prodigious scholarship to develop his own writings, especially the Dictionnaire philosophique where it is mentioned: Quoi ! C'est dans notre XVIIIe siècle qu'il y a eu des vampires ! C'est après le règne des Locke, des Shaftesbury, des Trenchard, des Collins ; c'est sous le règne des d'Alembert, des Diderot, des Saint-Lambert, des Duclos qu'on a cru aux vampires, et que le RPD Augustin Calmet, prêtre, bénédictin de la congrégation de Saint-Vannes et de Saint-Hydulphe, abbé de Senones, abbaye de cent mille livres de rente, voisine de deux autres abbayes du même revenu, a imprimé et réimprimé l'Histoire des Vampires, avec l'approbation de la Sorbonne, signée Marcilli ! What! It's in our eighteenth century and there are vampires! It is after the reign of Locke, of Shaftesbury, of Trenchard, of Collins; it is under the reign of d'Alembert, of Diderot, of Saint-Lambert, of Duclos, that we believe in vampires, and that the Rev. Father Dom Augustin Calmet, priest, Benedictine of the congregation of St. Vannes and St. Hydulphe, abbot of Senones, Abbey with rents of hundred thousand francs, neighbor of two other abbeys of the same income,[3] printed and reprinted the history of vampires, with the approval of the Sorbonne, signed by Marcilli! Calmet was given much praise for his work and received many letters and dissertations regarding the subject which prompted him expand his work in two-volumes and published it again in 1751 under a new title Traité sur les apparitions des esprits et sur les vampires ou les revenans de Hongrie, de Moravie, &c. (i.e. "Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and Vampires or Revenants of Hungary, Moravia, etc."). It included further studies of his own as well as several letters and dissertations sent to Calmet as a response to the first publication, and ambiguously considered the possibility of the existence of vampires, although not stating it explicitly.[4][5] Other works[edit] In the meanwhile he had prepared two other works closely connected with Biblical exegesis: (1) Histoire de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Testament et des Juifs (Paris, 1718), which went through several editions, and was translated into English (London, 1740), German (Augsburg, 1759) and Latin (ib., 1788); (2) Dictionnaire historique, critique, chronologique, géographique et littéral de la Bible (Paris, 1720, two vols. folio), a supplement (also folio) was added in 1728. An improved and enlarged edition in four folio volumes was published in 1730, which has several times been reprinted, the last time in Migne, Encyclopédie théologique, I-IV. It, too, was translated into Latin and the principal European languages. The English translation by D'Oyley and John Colson (1732), revised and with additions by Taylor (1795), went through many editions in a larger and compendious form. In his later years Calmet published some further Biblical dissertations in the Bible de Vence (1742). Among his other published works may be mentioned: (1) Histoire universelle sacrée et profane, (Universal History, Sacred and Profane) depuis le commencement du monde jusqu'à nos jours (Strasbourg, 1735, quarto), in which he follows the ideas enunciated in Bossuet's Discours sur l'histoire universelle; (2) Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de la Lorraine (Ecclesiastical and Civil History of Lorraine) (Nancy, 1728), of great value for the history of that province; (3) Bibliothèque lorraine (A Catalogue of the Writers of Lorraine) (Nancy, 1751), containing his autobiography (pp. 209–217); (4) Commentaire littéral historique et moral sur la règle de Saint Benoît (A Literal, Moral, and Historical Commentary on the Rule of Saint Benedict) (Paris, 1734). Calmet wrote a noted history of the Duchy of Lorraine, as well as a history of the Abbey of Senones, which was still in manuscript form at the time of his death. Bibliography[edit] The work of Dom Augustin Calmet are eclectic and prolific. His main works are: Original Name Translated Date Size/Other Histoire de Lorraine, Nancy, M. DCC. LVII.[6] History of Lorraine 1757 Abrégé de l'histoire de la Lorraine, Nancy Abstract of the history of Lorraine 1734 La Bible en Latin et en français, avec un Commentaire littéral et critique Paris The Bible in Latin and French, with a literal and critical Commentary 1707–1716 23 vol. in-4 le commentaire a été reproduit à part sous le titre de 'Trésor d'antiquités sacrées et profanes' the commentary was reprinted under the title Treasury of sacred and profane antiquities 1722 et ann. 9 v. suiv. Bibliothèque lorraine, ou histoire des hommes illustres qui ont fleuri en Lorraine Nancy lorraine library, or history of famous men who flourished in Lorraine 1751 Commentaires sur l’Ancien et le Nouveau Testament en latin puis en français A literal Commentary on all the Books of the Old and New Testaments (1707–1717) (Eng Translation published 1716) (26 volumes) introductory prefaces published separately: Dissertations qui peuvent servir de prolégomènes à l'Écriture Sainte Dissertations that can serve as preliminaries to Scripture (Paris, 1720) Dictionnaire historique et critique de la BibleThese two capital works have been printed several times, and received considerable increases,[7] Paris Historical and Critical Dictionary of the Bible 1722–1728 2 vol. m-fol. Dissertation sur les grands chemins de Lorraine, Nancy Dissertation on the highways of Lorraine 1727 Dissertations sur les apparitions des anges, des démons et des esprits, et sur les revenants et vampires de Hongrie, de Bohême, de Moravie et de Silésie, Paris : de Bure l'aîné, Dissertations on the Apparitions of Angels, of Demons and of Spirits, and on Revenants or Vampires of Hungary, of Bohemia, of Moravia and of Silesia 1746 (Expanded and republished in 1751) Histoire de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Testament History of the Old and New Testaments – – Histoire de l'abbaye de Munster, Colmar, History of Munster Abbey (posthumous, 1882) – Histoire de l'abbaye de Senones, Saint-Dié History of the abbey Senones Saint Die (posthumous, 1877–1881) – Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de la Lorraine, Nancy Ecclesiastical and civil history of Lorraine (1728) 4 vol., in-fol. Histoire généalogique de la maison du Châtelet, Nancy Family History of the House of Châtelet 1741 – Histoire universelle sacrée et profane, Strasbourg Universal sacred and secular history (1735–1747) – Notice de la Lorraine, Nancy[8] Notice of Lorraine 1756 Traité historique des eaux et bains de Plombières, de Luxeuil et de Bains, Nancy Historical Treaty of waters and bathroom Plombieres and of Luxeuil Baths 1748 – Traité sur les apparitions des esprits et sur les vampires ou les revenans de Hongrie, de Moravie, &c. (Expanded from 1746 Edition)[9] Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants of Hungary, Moravia, et al. 1752 2 tomes Notes[edit] ^ Senones, Moyenmoutier, Étival country abbeys in Lorraine. O.T. country abbeys, 2007, pg.62. ISBN 978-2-9529604-0-3. ^ "Dom Calmet bâtisseur, administrateur ses rapports avec la Principauté de Salm" (in French). Entreprise et culture en Lorraine. Archived from the original on 4 January 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2018. ^ most likely the abbeys in Étival, Jura and Moyenmoutier ^ Calmet, Augustin (1751). Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants: of Hungary, Moravia, et al. The Complete Volumes I & II. Translated by Henry Christmas & Brett R. Warren. 2015. ISBN 1-5331-4568-7. ^ "chouette-noire.com – Translator". Microsofttranslator.com. Retrieved 1 December 2013. ^ Calmet, Augustin (1757). "dom-julien" voges. ^ "456-bible". ^ Calmet, Augustin (1 January 1840). Notice de la Lorraine. Mme. George – via Internet Archive. ^ Calmet, Augustin (1672–1757) Auteur du texte; Maffei, Scipione (1675–1755) Auteur du texte (1 January 1751). Traité sur les apparitions des esprits et sur les vampires ou les revenants de Hongrie, de Moravie, etc.. Avec une lettre de M. le marquis de Maffei sur la magie. Tome 1 / par le R. P. Dom Augustin Calmet,... – via gallica.bnf.fr. References[edit]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:  Bechtel, F. (1913). "Dom Augustin Calmet". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Augustin Calmet. Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants: of Hungary, Moravia, et al. The Complete Volumes I & II. Translation by Rev Henry Christmas, & Brett R Warren. 2015. ISBN 1-5331-4568-7, ISBN 978-1-5331-4568-0 External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Augustin Calmet. Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Calmet, Antoine Augustin. Works by Augustin Calmet at Project Gutenberg Dictionnaire historique et critique de la Bible Dissertationes, ac disquisitiones, in Veteris Testamenti libros (1752), at Library, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Édition de 1840 Notice de la Lorraine, sur Internet Archive Traité sur les apparitions des esprits et sur les vampires ou les revenans de Hongrie, de Moravie, &c. in French Authority control BIBSYS: 1072793 BNE: XX1077231 BNF: cb12043646z (data) CANTIC: a1005716x CiNii: DA05800194 GND: 118666665 HDS: 043629 ICCU: IT\ICCU\CFIV\013214 ISNI: 0000 0001 2124 4846 LCCN: n84168060 NKC: mzk2004250993 NLA: 35024969 NLG: 161523 NLI: 001448068 NLP: A10521045 NSK: 000135775 NTA: 070818177 PLWABN: 9810645287705606 SELIBR: 321865 SNAC: w67d5dj5 SUDOC: 028643119 Trove: 798746 ULAN: 500247219 VcBA: 495/153321 VIAF: 24619702 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n84168060 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Augustin_Calmet&oldid=997680921" Categories: 1672 births 1757 deaths People from Meuse (department) 18th-century French Catholic theologians French historians French Benedictines Benedictine abbots Benedictine scholars Roman Catholic biblical scholars French Roman Catholic priests 17th-century French writers 17th-century French male writers 18th-century French writers 18th-century French male writers Burials in France Order of Saint Benedict Vampirism Demonologists Early Modern philosophers Catholic philosophers Hidden categories: CS1 French-language sources (fr) CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Use dmy dates from January 2018 Wikipedia references cleanup from July 2013 All articles needing references cleanup Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from July 2013 All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify Articles needing additional references from July 2013 All articles needing additional references Articles with multiple maintenance issues All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014 Articles containing French-language text Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference Commons category link is on Wikidata Articles with Project Gutenberg links Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with HDS identifiers Wikipedia articles with ICCU identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLG identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLP identifiers Wikipedia articles with NSK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with ULAN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VcBA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers AC with 25 elements Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikisource Languages Català Deutsch Español Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano مصرى Português Русский Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 1 January 2021, at 18:42 (UTC). 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