Karl Christian Friedrich Krause - Wikipedia Karl Christian Friedrich Krause From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is about the philosopher. For other uses, see Karl Kraus (disambiguation). Karl Christian Friedrich Krause Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, Lithography published in Die reine d.i. allgemeine Lebenlehre und Philosophie der Geschichte, Göttingen 1843. Born 6 May 1781 (1781-05-06) Eisenberg, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Died 27 September 1832 (1832-09-28) (aged 51) Munich Alma mater University of Jena Era 19th-century philosophy Region Western philosophy School German idealism Krausism Panentheism Main interests Mysticism Notable ideas Panentheism Influences Immanuel Kant, Friedrich W. Schelling, G. W. F. Hegel and Johann Gottlieb Fichte Influenced Francisco Giner de los Ríos, Julián Sanz del Rio, Arthur Schopenhauer, Hipólito Yrigoyen Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (German: [ˈkʁaʊzə]; 6 May 1781 – 27 September 1832) was a German philosopher, born at Eisenberg, in Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. His philosophy, known as "Krausism", was very influential in Restoration Spain. Contents 1 Education and life 2 Philosophical work 3 Influence and works 4 Bibliography 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further reading Education and life[edit] Educated at first at Eisenberg, he proceeded to the nearby University of Jena, where he studied philosophy under professors Friedrich W. Schelling, G. W. F. Hegel and Johann Gottlieb Fichte and became Privatdozent in 1802. In the same year, with characteristic imprudence, he married Sophie Amalie Concordia Fuchs (born 1780), without dowry. Two years later, lack of pupils compelled him to move to Rudolstadt and later to Dresden, where he gave lessons in music. In 1805 his ideal of a universal world-society led him to join the Freemasons, whose principles seemed to tend in the direction he desired. In Dresden he published two books on Freemasonry, Höhere Vergeistigung der echt überlieferten Grundsymbole der Freimaurerei: in zwölf Logenvorträgen (1811) and Die drei ältesten Kunsterkunden der Freimaurerbrüderschaft (1819), but his opinions attracted opposition from the Masons. He lived for a time in Berlin and became a privatdozent, but was unable to obtain a professorship. He therefore proceeded to Dresden (where he taught Arthur Schopenhauer) and afterwards to Munich, where he died of apoplexy at the very moment when the influence of Franz von Baader had at last obtained a position for him. Philosophical work[edit] One of the so-called philosophers of identity [de], Krause endeavoured to reconcile the ideas of a God known by faith or conscience and the world as known to sense. God, intuitively known by conscience, is not a personality (which implies limitations), but an all-inclusive essence (Wesen), which contains the universe within itself. This system he called panentheism, a combination of monotheism and pantheism. His theory of the world and of humanity is therefore universal and idealistic. In many ways following the general outline of Schelling's Philosophy of Nature, he argued that the world itself and mankind, its highest component, constitute an organism (Gliedbau), and the universe is therefore a divine organism (Wesengliedbau). The process of development is the formation of higher unities, and the last stage is the identification of the world with God. The form which this development takes, according to Krause, is Right or the Perfect Law. Right is not the sum of the conditions of external liberty but of absolute liberty, and embraces all the existence of nature, reason and humanity. It is the mode, or rationale, of all progress from the lower to the highest unity or identification. By its operation the reality of nature and reason rises into the reality of humanity. God is the reality which transcends and includes both nature and humanity. Right is, therefore, at once the dynamic and the safeguard of progress. Ideal society results from the widening of the organic operation of this principle from the individual man to small groups of men, and finally to mankind as a whole. The differences disappear as the inherent identity of structure predominates in an ever-increasing degree, and in the final unity Man is merged in God. Influence and works[edit] The comparatively small area of Krause's influence was due partly to him being overshadowed by Schelling and Hegel, and partly to two intrinsic defects. The spirit of his thought is mystical and by no means easy to follow, and this difficulty is accentuated, even to German readers, by the use of artificial terminology. He makes use of Germanized foreign terms which are unintelligible to the ordinary man. His principal works are (beside those quoted above): Entwurf des Systems der Philosophie (1804); System der Sittenlehre (1810); Das Urbild der Menschheit (1811); and Vorlesungen über das System der Philosophie (1828). He left behind him at his death a mass of unpublished notes, part of which has been collected and published by his disciples Karl David August Röder[1] (1806-1879), Heinrich Ahrens[2] (1808–1874), Friedrich Wilhelm Theodor Schliephake[3] (1808-1871), Hermann Karl von Leonhardi[4] (1809-1875) (Krause's son-in-law), Guillaume Tiberghien[5] (1819-1901), and others. Krausism became particularly influential in Spain in the 19th century, where Krause's ideas were introduced by Julián Sanz del Río[6] (1814-1869), an academic based in Madrid. Spanish Krausists combined an emphasis on scientific rationalism and a liberal commitment to individual freedom and opposition to privilege and arbitrary power with Christian spirituality.[7] Spanish intellectuals influenced by Krause included Francisco Giner de los Ríos (1839-1915) and Gumersindo de Azcárate (1840-1917). In addition Krause's influence extended to Latin America, where his work made an impact on Hipólito Yrigoyen (1852-1933), José Batlle y Ordóñez (1856-1929) and Juan José Arévalo (1904-1990).[8] Richard Gott has argued that Krause influenced José Martí (1853-1895), Fidel Castro (1926-2016) (through Martí and other Cuban thinkers), and Che Guevara (1928-1967) (through the influence of Yrigoyen).[9] Bibliography[edit] Krause, Karl Christian Friedrich: Ausgewählte Schriften. Edited by Enrique M. Ureña and Erich Fuchs. Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog, ISBN 978-3-7728-2340-4. Vol. 1: Entwurf des Systemes der Philosophie. Erste Abtheilung enthaltend die allgemeine Philosophie, nebst einer Anleitung zur Naturphilosophie. Ed. by Thomas Bach and Olaf Breidbach. 2007, ISBN 978-3-7728-2341-1. Vol. 2: Philosophisch-freimaurerische Schriften (1808-1832). Ed. and introduced by Johannes Seidel, Enrique M. Ureña and Erich Fuchs. 2008, ISBN 978-3-7728-2342-8. Vol. 3: Vermischte Schriften. 2014, ISBN 978-3-7728-2343-5. Vol. 5: Das Urbild der Menschheit. Ein Versuch. Dresden 1811. 2017, ISBN 978-3-7728-2345-9. Notes[edit] This article includes a list of general references, but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) ^ Karl David August Röder (June 23, 1806 - December 20, 1879) ^ Heinrich Ahrens (July 14, 1808 - August 2, 1874) ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Theodor Schliephake (April 28, 1808 - September 8, 1871) ^ Hermann Karl von Leonhardi (March 12, 1809 - August 21, 1875). His original full name was Peter Karl Pius Gustav Hermann von Leonhardi. On October 19, 1841 he married Marie Sidonie Krause (aka Maria Sidonia Krause) (August 14, 1810 - 1875), who was a daughter of K. C. F. Krause (1781-1832). ^ Guillaume Tiberghien (August 9, 1819 - November 28, 1901) ^ Julián Sanz del Río (March 10, 1814 - October 12, 1869) ^ Heywood, Paul (2003). Marxism and the Failure of Organised Socialism in Spain, 1879-1936. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 21–23. ISBN 9780521530569. Retrieved 8 May 2014. ^ Delaney, Jeane Hunter (February 2001). "Karl Christian Friedrich Krause and His Influence in the Hispanic World (review)". Hispanic American Historical Review. Duke University Press. 81 (1): 176–178. doi:10.1215/00182168-81-1-176. S2CID 144050389. Retrieved 7 May 2014. ^ Gott, Richard (2002). Karl Krause and the Ideological Origins of the Cuban Revolution (PDF). University of London Institute of Latin American Studies Occasional Papers. London: Institute of Latin American Studies. ISSN 0953-6825. Retrieved 8 May 2014. References[edit]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Krause, Karl Christian Friedrich". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. This article in turn cites: Heinrich Simon Lindemann (July 12, 1807 - January 27, 1855) - Uebersichtliche Darstellung des Lebens und der Wissenschaftlehre Carl Chr. Fdr. Krause's, und dessen Standpunktes zur Freimaurerbrüderschaft (München: Ernst August Fleischmann, 1839) Paul Theodor Hohlfeld (March 24, 1840 - July 21, 1910) - Krause'sche Philosophie in ihrem geschichtlichen Zusammenhange und in ihrer Bedeutung für das Geistesleben der Gegenwart (Jena: Hermann Wilhelm Costenoble, 1879) Johann Friedrich August Procksch (April 10, 1841 - August 4, 1924) - Karl Christian Friedrich Krause: ein Lebensbild nach seinen Briefen dargestellt; mit Krauses Photographie nach Hänels Büste (Leipzig: Friedrich Wilhelm Grunow, 1880) [1] Rudolf Christoph Eucken (January 5, 1846 - September 15, 1926) - Zur Erinnerung an K. Ch. F. Krause: Festrede Gehalten zu Eisenberg am 100. Geburtstage des Philosophen von Rud. Eucken (Leipzig: Veit & Comp., 1881) Br. (Bruder) Martin (pseudonym of Theodor Busch) - Karl Christian Friedrich Krause's Leben, Lehre und Bedeutung (Leipzig: Joseph Gabriel Findel, 1881) Histories of Philosophy by Eduard Zeller, Wilhelm Windelband and Harald Høffding. Further reading[edit] Benedikt Paul Göcke: The Panentheism of Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (1781-1832). From Transcendental Philosophy to Metaphysics.Peter Lang, New York. ISBN 978-3-631-74689-9 Orden Jiménez, Rafael Valeriano (born 1965): (1998) El Sistema de la Filosofía de Krause. Génesis y desarrollo del panenteísmo. UPCo, Madrid (Spain). ISBN 84-89708-30-4. Göcke, Benedikt Paul (born 1981): "Alles in Gott? Zur Aktualität des Panentheismus Karl Christian Friedrich Krauses." Regensburg: Pustet Verlag, ISBN 978-3791724300 Göcke, Benedikt Paul: "Gott und die Welt? Bemerkungen zu Karl Christian Friedrich Krauses System der Philosophie" In: Theologie und Philosophie. Vol. 87 (1). 25-45. 2012 Göcke, Benedikt Paul. "On the Importance of Karl Christian Friedrich Krause's Panentheism." In: Zygon. Vol. 48 (2). 364-379. 2013 Ward, Thomas (born 1953): (2004) La teoría literaria. Romanticismo, krausismo y modernismo ante la globalización industrial University, Mississippi: Romance Monographs, No. 61. ISBN 1-889441-14-7. Stoetzer, Otto Carlos (June 28, 1921 - March 25, 2011): Karl Christian Friedrich Krause and his Influence in the Hispanic World (Köln: Böhlau, 1998) ISBN 3-412-13597-6 Authority control BIBSYS: 90622911 BNE: XX934960 BNF: cb12364276z (data) CANTIC: a10392257 GND: 118566342 ISNI: 0000 0001 2130 4124 LCCN: n50053585 NKC: jn20000700959 NLG: 139472 NLI: 000606357 NTA: 068981872 PLWABN: 9810659668005606 SELIBR: 68507 SNAC: w63n68x0 SUDOC: 032654553 Trove: 1096792 ULAN: 500281919 VcBA: 495/105355 VIAF: 44376076 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n50053585 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Christian_Friedrich_Krause&oldid=992470451" Categories: 1781 births 1832 deaths Deist philosophers Epistemologists German deists German Freemasons German male writers German philosophers History of ideas History of philosophy History of religion Idealists Metaphysicians Moral philosophers Mysticism Mystics Natural philosophers Ontologists Panentheists People from Eisenberg, Thuringia People from Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Philosophers of education Philosophers of ethics and morality Philosophers of history Philosophers of love Philosophers of mind Philosophers of religion Philosophy writers Social philosophers University of Jena alumni Hidden categories: Articles with hCards Articles lacking in-text citations from January 2014 All articles lacking in-text citations Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLG identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with ULAN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VcBA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages العربية تۆرکجه Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego Italiano Magyar مصرى Nederlands Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Suomi Svenska 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 5 December 2020, at 12:47 (UTC). 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