Korean philosophy - Wikipedia Korean philosophy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Korean philosophy" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Part of a series on the Culture of Korea History People Demographics of South Korea / Demographics of North Korea Diaspora South Korean nationality law / Nationality Law(DPRK) Languages History Dialects North-South differences Phonology Grammar Honorifics Hangul Traditions Philosophy Etiquette Marriage Funerals Tea ceremony Masks Kisaeng Hanjeungmak / Jjimjilbang Court music Clothing Mythology and folklore Mythology folklore Cuisine Gimbap Patbingsu Bibimbap Seolleongtang Kimchi Korean fried chicken Tteok Banchan Gochujang Doenjang Anju Makgeolli Soju Soups Stews Noodles Barbecue Festivals Korean New Year National Liberation Day Chuseok Religion Shamanism Taoism Buddhism Neo-Confucianism Cheondoism Christianity Unification Church Art Calligraphy Buddhist art Paintings Flower arrangements Gardens Jade carving Knotting Pottery and porcelain Pagoda Literature Hyangga Sijo Chinese-language literature Sinsoseol North Korean literature / South Korean literature Manhwa Poetry Music and performing arts Music Performing arts Dancing Fan dancing Traditional oral literature Mass Games Korean revolutionary opera Media Cinema Internet censorship / Internet censorship in North Korea Cinema of South Korea / Cinema of North Korea Music of South Korea / Music of North Korea Chosun Ilbo / Donga Ilbo / JoongAng Ilbo / Hankook Ilbo / Kyunghyang Shinmun / The Hankyoreh KBS1 / KBS2 / MBC / EBS / SBS Nate / Naver / Daum / Cyworld Propaganda K-pop / K-drama Sport Martial arts Video games / Esports Monuments World Heritage Sites Architecture Fortress National symbols of Korea Flag Coat of arms National symbols of North Korea National symbols of South Korea Organisations Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism List of museums in North Korea v t e Part of a series on Eastern philosophy Aryadeva and Nagarjuna Adi Shankara Laozi and Confucius China Hundred Schools of Thought Confucianism Persons Confucius Mencius Topics Face Filial piety Guanxi Ren Li Neo Confucianism Han Yu Wang Yangming Zhu Xi New Confucianism Xiong Shili Daoism Persons Laozi Zhuangzi Lie Yukou Topics Tao Yin yang Wu wei Legalism Shang Yang Mohism Mozi Military and Strategy Sun Tzu Han Buddhism Tientai Zhiyi Huayan school Fazang Guifeng Zongmi East Asian Mādhyamaka Jizang Chinese Chan Tibetan Buddhism Sakya Sakya Pandita Nyingma Longchenpa Gelug Tsongkhapa Four Tenets system Rangtong-Shentong Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika distinction Maoism Mao General topics De Qi India Āstika (orthodox) Vedic philosophy Agastya Aruni Ashtavakra Atri Vashistha Yajnavalkya Mimamsa Jaimini Vedanta Advaita Badarayana Gaudapada Adi Shankara Dvaita Madhvacharya Sri Vaishnavism Ramanuja Neo-Vedanta Vivekananda Aurobindo Samkhya Kapila Yoga Patanjali Nyaya Gotama Navya-Nyāya Gangesha Upadhyaya Vaisheshika Kanada Nāstika (heterodox) Ājīvika Charvaka Kashmir Shaivism Abhinavagupta Pratyabhijna Tantra Tamil Valluvam Valluvar Other Chanakya General topics Ahimsa Atomism Atman Ātman (Hinduism) Ātman (Buddhism) Ātman (Jainism) Artha Anekantavada Brahman Dharma Indian logic Karma Kama Maya Metta Moksha Nondualism Samadhi Pramana Yoga Jainism Haribhadra Umaswati Buddhism Buddha Traditions Madhyamika Nagarjuna Yogacara Vasubandhu Dharmakirti Indian logic Dignaga Topics Dukkha Anatta Anicca Nirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Emptiness Japan Traditions Japanese Buddhism Japanese Zen Sōtō school Dogen Rinzai school Eisai Shingon Kukai Japanese Confucianism Itō Jinsai Ogyū Sorai Nakae Tōju Kokugaku Motoori Norinaga Modern Thought Statism Kyoto School Kitaro Nishida Korea Traditions Korean Buddhism Wonhyo Uisang Uicheon Jinul Korean Confucianism Persons Seo Gyeongdeok Yi Eonjeok Yi Hwang Yi I Jeong Yak-yong Topics Silhak Donghak Choe Je-u Modern Thought Persons Jaegwon Kim Topics Minjung theology Juche v t e Korean philosophy focused on a totality of world view. Some aspects of Shamanism, Buddhism, and Neo-Confucianism were integrated into Korean philosophy. Traditional Korean thought has been influenced by a number of religious and philosophical thought-systems over the years. As the main influences on life in Korea, often Korean Shamanism, Korean Taoism, Korean Buddhism, Korean Confucianism and Silhak movements have shaped Korean life and thought. From 20th century, various Western philosohpical thoughts have strongly influenced on Korean academia, politics, and daily life. Contents 1 Buddhism 2 Confucianism 3 Schools of thought in the Joseon period 4 Western philosophy in Korea, 1890–1945 5 North Korean post-1945 philosophy 6 List of philosophers 6.1 Buddhist philosophers 6.2 Neo-Confucian philosophers 6.3 Taoist philosophers 6.4 Joseon period 6.5 Contemporary Korean philosophers 7 See also 8 References Buddhism[edit] Haeinsa is a Buddhist temple in South Gyeongsang. Main articles: Korean Buddhism and Korean Buddhist Temples Korean Buddhist thinkers refined ideas originally introduced from China into a distinct form. The Three Kingdoms of Korea introduced Buddhism to Japan, from where it was popularized in the West. Korean Buddhism consists mostly of the Seon lineage, which is derivative of the Chen (Zen) Buddhism of China and precursor to Zen Buddhism known in the West through Japan. Buddhist temples can be found in most parts of Korea and many are considered national treasures. Confucianism[edit] Main article: Korean Confucianism One of the most substantial influences in Korean intellectual history was the introduction of Confucian thought as part of the cultural exchange from China. Today the legacy of Confucianism remains a fundamental part of Korean society, shaping the moral system, the way of life, social relations between old and young, and high culture, and even survived the modernization of the legal system. Schools of thought in the Joseon period[edit] Further information: Neo-Confucianism in Korea This dynasty arose out of the military dictatorships and chaos of the preceding era. Transition in this era was from Buddhism to a soldierly approach to Neo-Confucianism. Much work was done, especially on commentaries, and the Chu Hsi school represented indeed the golden age of Korean religious philosophy. Metaphysical research at this time investigated the theological relations between principle (i) and material/vital force (ki), and between as well the four beginnings (sadan), and the seven feelings (ch'ilchong); with the division of the Joseon Confucianists into two leading schools: one on "force" and one on "principles". The philosopher Hwadam ( Suh Kyungduk, 1489–1546 ) moved to integrate i and ki and spoke of Great Harmony (taehwa). In the Four–Seven Debate with Ki Daesung, Toegye ( Yi Hwang, 1501 – 70 ), while being still dualistic, broke away from Chu Hsi by espousing the reciprocal emanation (hobal) of i and ki: with the Four, ki follows i when i becomes emanant; with the Seven, when ki becomes emanant, i ‘rides’ ki. Though he was critical of Toegye's idea that ki follows i as being dualistic, Yulgok (Yi I, 1536 – 84 ) nevertheless embraced his notion that i ‘rides’ ki: only ki is emanant and i moves its emanation; i and ki are ‘neither two things nor one thing’, as evidenced by ‘wondrous fusion’ (myohap). For Yulgok, original nature (i) and physical nature (ki) coalesce into one human nature. Toegye and Yulgok, whose thoughts culminated in an irenic fusionism, constituted the crowning phase of East Asian neo-Confucianism by exhibiting dialectical dexterity in articulating the concepts of i and ki, left unclarified by the Chinese. Toegye also developed the neo-Confucianist concept of single-mindedness (kyung), which was a manifestation of his unequivocal humanism, as shown by his total rejection of the Mandate of Heaven (chunmyung), which still had a hold on the Chinese, including Chu Hsi. Toegye's kyung synthesized the primeval Korean sense of supreme-efforts-come-earnest-devotion (chisung) with the Confucianist notion of holding fast to mind (jik-yung); he advocated self-efforts for creating a meaningful life. In particular, his concept of single-mindedness had a lasting influence on the Japanese neo-Confucianists of the Tokugawa period. Every major Korean neo-Confucianist shared Toegye's preoccupation with single-mindedness, which signalled new stress on praxis in the development of Korean neo-Confucianism: the fusion of the metaphysical and the physical is better brought about through action than speculation, important as theory might be. That was the point of Yulgok's integration of sincerity (sung) with single-mindedness. In this respect Korean neo-Confucianism made a break with the Cheng-Chu school of Chinese neo-Confucianism, which was overly speculative. During the later Joseon period, Silhak, a form of Neo-Confucianism, emerged. One of the most prominent Silhak philosophers was Jeong Yakyong. Western philosophy in Korea, 1890–1945[edit] Those who were sent to be educated in Japan, returned with limited knowledge of Western philosophy as a whole, although the German educational influence in Japan led to the beginning of interest in German idealists in Korea through indirect knowledge, with the exception of Marx, Hegel, and the dialecticians. The strong influence of low church Christianity, through missionary schools, led to practical American YMCA-style philosophy entering into Korea from the 1890s onwards. The discussion of Korean Christianity and Korean Christian philosophy is complicated with many divisions, and discussed in articles elsewhere. Philosophy in Korea was divided, by Western school, according to a kind of pragmatic mix of varied progressive libertarian beliefs in the south with highly variable changes from rigid authoritianism to softer and easier more pragmatic approaches from the 1990s onwards. North Korean post-1945 philosophy[edit] This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Further information: Juche In the republican period, post-1945, Marxism–Leninism in the north was built on the Confucian yangban scholar-warriors of earlier times, if perhaps taken to absolutist extremes. The main influence in North Korea has been since 1996, the notion of "The Red Banner Spirit". This system of belief encourages the North Korean people to build a "kangsong taeguk", a fortress state, based on self-reliance and absolute loyalty to the leader (suryong). This philosophy was created by the "three generals of Mt. Paektu," referring to former North Korean leader Kim Jong-il, his father Kim Il-sung and his natural mother Kim Jong-suk. Again little is known of philosophical publications on this subject; but it appears to have replaced Marxism with a home-grown nationalistic ideology. List of philosophers[edit] Main article: List of Korean philosophers Buddhist philosophers[edit] Seungnang (circa 6th century) Wonch'uk (613–696) Wonhyo (617–686) Uisang (625–702) Kyunyeo (923–973) Uicheon (1055–1101) Jinul (1158–1210) Neo-Confucian philosophers[edit] Jeong Mong-ju (1338–1392) Jeong Do-jeon (1342–1398) Seo Gyeong-deok (1489–1546) Yi Eon-jeok (1491–1553) Jo Sik (1501–1572) Yi Hwang (1501–1570) Yi I (1536–1584) Jeong Je-du (1649–1736) Jeong Yak-yong (1762–1836) Kim Jeong-hui (1786–1856) Taoist philosophers[edit] Seo Gyeong-deok (1489–1546) Heo Gyun (1569–1618) Kim Si-seup (1435–1493) Im Yunjidang (1721–1793) Jeon Byeong Hun (1857–1927) Joseon period[edit] These are listed by their most commonly used pen name, followed by their birth name. Yeoheon Jang Hyeon-gwang (1554–1637) Hagok Jeong Je-du (1649–1736) Udam Jeong Si-han (1625–1707) Sambong Jeong Do-jeon (1337–1398) Dasan Jeong Yag-yong (1762–1836) Namdang Han Won-jin (1682–1750) Damheon Hong Tae-yong (1731–1783) Nosa Gi Jeong-jin (1798–1876) Gobong Gi Dae-seung (1527–1572) Haseo Kim In-hu (1511–1560) Maewoldang Kim Si-seup (1435–1493) Yangchon Gwon Geun (1352–1409) Yeonam Bak Ji-won (1737–1805) Seogye Bak Se-dang (1629–1703) Hwadam Seo Gyeong-deok (1489–1546) Ugye Seong Hon (1535–1598) Uam Song Si-yeol (1607–1689) Hanju Yi Jin-sang (1818–1885) Hwaseo Yi Hang-no (1792–1868) Toegye Yi Hwang (1501–1570) Yulgok Yi I (1536–1584) Seongho Yi Ik (1681–1763) Ban-gye Yu Hyeong-won (1622–1673) Baek-ho Yun Hyu (1617–1680) Contemporary Korean philosophers[edit] Jaegwon Kim (1934-2019) Do-ol Kim Yong-ok (1948–) Byung Chul-Han (1959–) See also[edit] Silhak Seohak Tonghak Minjok Juche Songun Essence-Function (體用) Korean Taoism Korean Buddhism Korean Confucianism List of Korean philosophers List of Korea-related topics Contemporary culture of South Korea Religion in Korea Seonbi References[edit] Choi, Min Hong (1978), A Modern History of Korean Philosophy, Seoul : Seong Moon Sa. DeBary, Theodore (ed.), The Rise of Neo-Confucianism in Korea, New York: Columbia University Press, 1985. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korean_philosophy&oldid=995304477" Categories: Korean philosophy History of Korea Korean culture Korean literature Philosophy by culture Philosophy by ethnicity Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from April 2012 All articles needing additional references Articles lacking in-text citations from December 2014 All articles lacking in-text citations Articles with multiple maintenance issues Articles needing additional references from September 2015 Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages Čeština Dansk Español 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Polski Português Slovenčina ไทย Edit links This page was last edited on 20 December 2020, at 09:20 (UTC). 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